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Where in the World #581

To all who come to this photo trivia game, Welcome! Along the way, the photos can make us relive memories and see details that Walt’s Imagineers put into everything we love in Walt Disney World!

Now for Challenge #580

Where in the World #580

And here’s the answer:

Where in the World #580
Where in the World #580 by Scott Thomas

A silverback gorilla at Gorilla Falls Exploration Trail in Disney’s Animal Kingdom.

Linda Grau, I saw the gorillas playing Hide and Seek! So much fun!

Jeff Blank, I can’t remember the last time I heard about Magilla Gorilla! Wow!

Chris Gretchen and Katie Barnes were the first to send in the correct answer! Congratulations to Chris and Katie and to all our winners this week!  Wendy T Faler, Sandie Albrecht, Adolph and Kimberly Timm, Ken Savage, Russ Morgan, Janet T T Thorn, Mike haeberle, Andy Hickey, Kerry A., Susan Adams, JoAnn Albrecht, Emily Hudson, Margaret Convery, Claire Gregory, The Kertes Family, Karen Schlumpf, Luis Rodriguez, Jim Finley, The Gunnels Gang, Veronica Alvarado, Bob Patterson, Maddie Inman, Joseph M. Zafia, Team Hill, The Tisdale Family, phyllis, Brian Gallant, Nancy Cole, Richard Long, Angie Wagner, Tammy Warmouth, Michael OBrien, Michaela OBrien, Karen OBrien, Barbara DiClementi, Deb Ragno, Heather Ciampi, Josh Weiss, Axel Beer, Lori Rienhardt, Olszak Family, David brown, Vera and Izzy Williams, Grumpys Groupies, Tom Koval, Krista Connolly, Chris Gretchen and Katie Barnes, Chris Kelly, Martha and Justin Collins, Belicia, Scott C., Patricia, Diane Curfman, Robert Wescovich, Marsha Waidelich, Karen Ramirez, Stacy Sandrs, Steven Kronick, Kelly Brevde, Shelby Watson, Ashley Collins, Sharon, Tricia Petty, Emily Eldridge, Maureen and Warren Handy, Kris Nixon, Jeff Blank, Theresa Rucando, Mike Amor, George Mundy Jr, Karrie Rodriguez, Theresa Maradei, Herb Miller, Shannon Benton, Rebecca Keenan, Alison Rosenberger, Pensacola Glenn, Karen Bellamy, Susan Alioto, Susan Masotti, Jennifer Masotti, Jim & Lorie Sonnen, Sandy Gempp, Brian McWithey, Sarah Kreps, Jamie Poynton, Mis Jamie Marie, Mark Hardy, Lisa Lamb, Jodie S., Deanna, Donald Purney, Patricia McKillop, Linda Grau, linda hoffman, Jane Johnson, Vicki Britt, Thomas Higbee, Patti McCaffrey, Laura, Barclay Bakkum, Bob Henriksen, and MaryAnn Eckenrode!

Challenge #580 Where in the world is this?

What is this?

Where in the World #581
Where in the World #581

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Erin Blackwell works on the Where in the World Photo Blog and maintains the Fort Wilderness pages. A website developer by day, she adores Mickey Mouse and his brother Oswald. Her favorite place in Disney World is the Fort Wilderness Resort and Campground, which is where she loves to hang out with her husband and dogs.

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Retro Pole - #Retro

Path Light

RETRO™ Pole Transformer #R - IP56

The Retro® mains voltage version is available for the 700mm Bollard,Border Lite, Euro Single and Twin Pole Lites, Single and Twin Pole Lites, Twig Lite, Tier Lite and Walkway Lite.

This option is designed for installations where mounting the transformer is a problem and avoids the need to bury a transformer, e.g. where there is a long cable run required and a 240 volt power cable needs to be installed.

A situation such as a car park where a ring main has been installed would be ideal for this luminaire.

The electronic transformer is a double insulated safety isolating transformer and complies to EMC regulations and has a built-in safety shutdown system if it is overloaded.

It will power either 1 x 10 watt, 1 x 20 watt, 2 x 20 watt, 1 x 35 watt or 1 x 50 watt lamps.

Click on Image to Enlarge
See Lighting Effect
Download Spec Sheet

Please Contact Us

Including VAT

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The Rats of Alpha Centauri

Interleukin 10

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The Human Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor (CSIF), also known as this, is categorized as a class-2 cytokine, a group of cytokines with the participance of IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26 and interferons.
Interleukin 10 is a pleiotropic cytokine, playing an essential role for controling of lymphoid and myeloid cell function. It is becauase of its capabillity to prevent cytokine synthesis and more extra cell functions of macrophages, T-cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Interleukin 10 also improves the surviveability, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells. The rodent IL-10 expresses strong DNA and aminoacid sequence homology to the human IL-10.

Interleukin 10 Function

Order Anti-Rat IL-10 online.

Copyright © 2018


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Search for Chiller Rentals

chiller rentalsCooling needs and chiller rentals should not break your budget. You should be able to keep your business or facility operating smoothly. One of the ways to ensure comfort, security and air quality is to manage climate control. You can manage climate control needs for your facility with ease.

Chiller rentals can be difficult to choose from. There are some things that you should look for when deciding on a final investment. Chillers vary in size, capacity and function. It is necessary to consider what the chiller will require in order to function properly. The design of your chiller and how it will be used will affect the price as well as where it will be installed. Chiller rentals function differently depending on how they exchange water. Finally, One of the greatest factors in maintaining a chiller is upkeep.

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Alpha Energy Solutions provides exceptional support and service for chiller rentals. Based on your need, we can provide both long and short-term solutions for installation. In addition, we can also provide parts support if you need it. We are able to provide great parts support because we have access to all of the leading manufacturer brands. Having access to the top brands allows us to get your parts quickly in the event of a repair. Obtaining parts in an emergency or for regular maintenance will ensure that your system is running efficiently. In addition, we take extensive measure to ensure that your chiller is making the best use of energy. Energy efficiency can mean a great deal to your overall budget.

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Alternative Engineering Engineering for an alternative world... Thu, 06 Jun 2013 19:10:58 +0000 en-US hourly 1 Welcome! Thu, 06 Jun 2013 18:31:22 +0000 wmvenable Alternative Engineering offers the computer consulting services of Walter M. Venable.

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Consecration of Ayang Monastery in Tibet August 8, 2014

The present Ayang Rinpoche is the seventh incarnation of the founder of Ayang Monastery in Eastern Tibet (Kham), which was built more than 400 years ago as a branch of the main Drikung monastery. When Rinpoche visited here in 2003, he decided that the original monastery was too remote and that the nomad community and the monks would benefit from having it relocated.  Rinpoche received permission from the Chinese government to relocate it on the shores of Nying-je Tso (“The Lake of Compassion”), about 3 hours west of Jyekundo (Chinese, Yushu) in Qinghai province. The new monastery has been under construction since that time.  Damaged in the great 2010 Yushu earthquake, it is now nearly complete. Ayang Rinpoche will be visiting his monastery in Eastern Tibet for the consecration ceremony, August 8, 2014. To make an auspicious connection with the new monastery and the ceremonies surrounding the consecration, sponsor butterlamps, tsok, tea and bread for the monks, money offerings for the monks and lamas, or ritual offerings (statues, mandalas, bumpas, bowls, capalas, etc.).

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Mall of America and Nickelodeon Universe officially recognized as a Certified Autism Center

By | March 27, 2019

BLOOMINGTON, Minn. — Mall of America (MOA) and Nickelodeon Universe, the seven-acre theme park inside MOA, will now officially be recognized as Certified Autism Centers (CAC), granted by the International Board of Credentialing and Continuing Education Standards (IBCCES). As the first destination in Minnesota to become a Certified Autism Center, the certification means that visitors and families with children who have autism and other sensory disorders can enjoy the best possible experience while visiting MOA that caters to their needs.

In order to earn the designation, 80 percent or more of the guest-facing staff had to complete the autism sensitivity and awareness training provided by IBCCES. MOA and Nickelodeon Universe also underwent an onsite review by IBCCES, which included recommendations to make the park more accessible for visitors with sensory sensitivities, as well as sensory guides for each ride to better prepare guests on what to expect when they arrive.

“We continually look at ways to invest in the guest experience, ensuring that everyone who visits Mall of America and Nickelodeon Universe has the best day ever,” said Jill Renslow, SVP of Business Development for Mall of America. “Working with the IBCCES to become a Certified Autism Center will ensure our team members are equipped with the proper knowledge and skills to communicate and assist those with sensory sensitivities in the most positive and effective way. We are proud to have completed the certification process but recognize this is just one step forward to identify new ways to further improve the overall guest experience.”

For almost 20 years, IBCCES has been the industry leader in autism training for licensed healthcare professionals and educators around the globe. IBCCES recognized that many families with children who have special needs have limited travel options. In response to this need, IBCCES created training and certification programs specifically for the hospitality and travel industry. While many destinations tout “autism-friendly” options, this phrase does not necessarily indicate a true understanding of these families’ requirements. More parents are seeking out destinations that have completed research-based training and professional review as they review travel options.

“Our goal is to ensure families with children on the spectrum have the same opportunities to experience attractions and new destinations as anyone else. Our Certified Autism Center designation is awarded to industry leaders who are paving the way to make sure they are welcoming these individuals and are choosing to complete a third-party, evidence-based process to ensure they are prepared,” said Myron Pincomb, IBCCES Board Chairman.

IBCCES also created AutismTravel.com, a free online resource for parents that lists certified destinations and connects families to other resources and each other. Each destination listed on the site has met Certified Autism Center (CAC) requirements.


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Book your 2019 Bareboat Yacht Charter Today!
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IMAGINE taking a yacht to a faraway destination, then flying home and seeing an amazing view of the San Juan & Gulf Islands & Desolation Sound from the air! You could spend your precious vacation time and dollars exploring those northern reaches, and never have to backtrack to the point of departure. What's the best way to enjoy a cruise to those far away destinations?

ANACORTES YACHT CHARTERS offers a unique opportunity. During the spring or fall, a select group of our yacht owners will allow you to charter between Anacortes and Desolation Sound, Port Hardy/Pt. McNeill or SE Alaska. Become one of the lucky few to reserve a vessel for the trip of a lifetime. **Please keep in mind that most One Way trips originate at our charter base in Anacortes, WA. unless advertised otherwise.

All One-Way charters within AYC's stated cruising grounds to the 51st parallel (Port Hardy/Port McNeill area) are based on current Seasonal Rates. Required Minimums: Vancouver, BC or Desolation Sound - 10 days; Port Hardy - 2 weeks; SE Alaska - 4 weeks.

Drop fees apply to all One Way charters to & from Vancouver/Desolation Sound and Port Hardy/Pt McNeill areas to cover additional 'turn' fees that will be incurred. (The fee for vessels to Desolation Sound up to 49' is $1000., and for 50' plus is $1500. For Port Hardy, to 49' $1500., 50'+ is $2000.) An additional Insurance Refundable Damage Deposit applies to any charter that travels north of Port Hardy.

PLEASE NOTE: Standard Cancellation terms do not apply. Due to scheduling and marketing return trips, more stringent payment and cancellation terms apply: If booked 121+ days prior 50% is due at booking, and 30% of that is immediately non-refundable. At 120 days prior the entire balance is due, and is immediately non-refundable. Also, if another client or the vessel owner and/or his guests have made ticket arrangements or booked vacation dates for the return trip prior to 120 days, there will be no refund for any reason, as they have based their vacation plans on your charter commitment.

Policies can differ slightly by boat as per agreement with boat owner. Owners may from time to time offer special deals on a One Way trip to match their vacation dates!

AYC will assess your Boating Background Resume, and make suggestions to help you prepare for a fantastic voyage! The yacht owner's insurance underwriter reserves the right to approve all resumes.

Review available boats here, then contact our Reservations Team Manager for further details.

We currently have 13 yachts available for one way charter.
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51 Beneteau “Blew By U”
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If you drop off in Campbell River or Port Hardy, and the owner is able to book a congruous ONE WAY trip back to Anacortes, he will waive the One Way fee. Call for details!
1 - 4 | 5 - 8 | 9 - 12 | 13


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Alexander vs. Darius

The Battle of Issus  333 BC
by Jeff Jonas

Part I: The Campaign and Battle       Part II: The Battle as a Wargame

Part III: Duncan Head's analysis and sources      Part IV: Sources and references

Part IV Sources and References

Arrian: The Battle of Issus

[Arrian, The Anabasis of Alexander, together with the Indica, E. J. Chinnock, tr. (London: George Bell and Sons, 1893), bk II, 6-14]

6. While he was still at Mallus, he was informed that Darius was encamped with all his force at Sochi, a place in the land of Assyria, distant about two days' march from the Assyrian Gates. Then indeed he collected the Companions and told them what was reported about Darius and his army. They urged him to lead them on as they were, without delay. At that time he commended them, and broke up the conference; but next day he led them forward against Darius and the Persians. On the second day he passed through the Gates and encamped near the city of Myriandrus; but in the night a heavy tempest and a violent storm of wind and rain occurred which detained him in his camp. Darius, on the other hand, up to this time was delaying with his army, having chosen a plain in the land of Assyria which stretched out in every direction, suitable for the immense size of his army and convenient for the evolutions of cavalry. Amyntas, son of Antiochus, the deserter from Alexander, advised him not to abandon this position, because the open country was favourable to the great multitude of the Persians and the vast quantity of their baggage. So Darius remained. But as Alexander made a long stay at Tarsus on account of his illness, and not a short one at Soli, where he offered sacrifice and conducted his army in proces sion, and moreover spent some time in marching against the Cilician mountaineers, Darius was induced to swerve from his resolution. He was also not unwilling to be led to form whatever decision was most agreeable to his own wishes; and being urged on by those who for the gratification of pleasure associated with him, and will associate for their injury with those who for the time are reigning, he came to the conclusion that Alexander was no longer desirous of advancing further, but was shrinking from an encounter on learning that Darius himself was marching against him. On all sides they were urging him on, asserting that he would trample down the army of the Macedonians with his cavalry. Nevertheless, Amyntas, at any rate, confidently afffirmed that Alexander would certainly come to any place where he heard Darius might be; and he exhorted him by all means to stay where he was. But the worse advice, because at the immediate time it was more pleasant to hear, prevailed; moreover perhaps he was led by some divine influence into that locality where he derived little advantage from his cavalry and from the very number of his men, javelins and bows, and where he could not even exhibit the mere magnificence of his army, but surrendered to Alex ander and his troops an easy victory. For it was already decreed by fate that the Persians should be deprived of the rule of Asia by the Mace donians, just as the Medes had been deprived of it by the Persians, and still earlier the Assyrians by the Medes.

7. Darius crossed the mountain range by what are called the Amanic Gates, and advancing towards Issus, came without being noticed to the rear of Alexander. Having reached Issus, he captured as many of the Macedonians as had been left behind there on account of illness. These he cruelly mutilated and slew. Next day he proceeded to the river Pinarus. As soon as Alexander heard that Darius was in his rear, because the news did not seem to him trustworthy, he embarked some of the Companions in a ship with thirty oars, and sent them back to Issus, to observe whether the report was true. The men who sailed in the thirty-oared ship discovered the Persians encamped there more easily, because the sea in this part takes the form of a bay. They therefore brought back word to Alexander that Darius was at hand. Alexander then called together the generals, the commanders of cavalry, and the leaders of the Grecian allies, and exhorted them to take courage from the dangers which they had already surmounted, asserting that the struggle would be between themselves who had been previously victorious and a foe who had already been beaten; and that the deity was acting the part of general on their behalf better than himself, by putting it into the mind of Darius to move his forces from the spacious plain and shut them up in a narrow place, where there was suffficient room for themselves to deepen their phalanx by marching from front to rear, but where their vast multitude would be useless to the enemy in the battle. He added that their foes were similar to them neither in strength nor in courage; for the Macedonians, who had long been practised in warlike toils accompanied with danger, were coming into close conflict with Persians and Medes, men who had become enervated by a long course of luxurious ease; and, to crown all, they, being freemen, were about to engage in battle with men who were slaves. He said, moreover, that the Greeks who were coming into conflict with Greeks would not be fighting for the same objects; for those with Darius were braving danger for pay, and that pay not high; whereas, those on their side were voluntarily defending the interests of Greece. Again, of foreigners, the Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians, and Agrianians, who were the most robust and warlike of men in Europe, were about to be arrayed against the most sluggish and effeminate races of Asia. In addition to all this, Alexander was commanding in the field against Darius. These things he enumerated as evidences of their superiority in the struggle; and then he began to point out the great rewards they would win from the danger to be incurred. For he told them that on that occasion they would overcome, not merely the viceroys of Darius, nor the cavalry drawn up at the Granicus, nor the 20,000 Grecian mercenaries, but all the available forces of the Persians and Medes, as well as all the other races subject to them dwelling in Asia, and the Great King present in person. After this conflict nothing would be left for them to do, except to take possession of all Asia, and to put an end to their many labours. In addition to this, he reminded them of their brilliant achievements in their collective capacity in days gone by; and if any man had individually performed any distinguished feat of valour from love of glory, he mentioned him by name in commendation of the deed. He then recapitulated as modestly as possible his own daring deeds in the various battles. He is also said to have reminded them of Xenophon and the I0,000 men who accompanied him, asserting that the latter were in no way comparable with them either in number or in general excellence. Besides, they had had with them neither Thessalian, Boeotian, Peloponnesian, Macedonian, or Thracian horsemen, nor any of the other kinds of cavalry which were in the Macedonian army; nor had they any archers or slingers except a few Cretans and Rhodians, and even these were got ready by Xenophon on the spur of the moment in the very crisis of danger. And yet they put the king and all his forces to rout close to Babylon itself, and succeeded in reaching the Euxine Sea after defeating all the races which lay in their way as they were marching down thither. He also adduced whatever other arguments were suitable for a great commander to use in order to encourage brave men in such a critical moment before the perils of battle. They urged him to lead them against the foe without delay, coming from all sides to grasp the king's right hand, and encouraging him by their words.

8. Alexander then ordered his soldiers to take their dinner, and having sent a few of his horsemen and archers forward to the Gates to recon noitre the road in the rear, he took the whole of his army and marched in the night to occupy the pass again. When about midnight he had again got possession of it, he caused the army to rest the remainder of the night there upon the rocks, having posted vigilant sentries. At the approach of dawn he began to descend from the pass along the road; and as long as the space was narrow everywhere, he led his army in column, but when the mountains parted so as to leave a plain between them, he kept on opening out the column into the phalanx, marching one line of heavy armed infantry after another up into line towards the mountain on the right and towards the sea on the left. Up to this time his cavalry had been ranged behind the infantry; but when they advanced into the open country, he began to draw up his army in order of battle. First, upon the right wing near the mountain he placed his infantry guard and the shield-bearers, under the command of Nicanor, son of Parmenio; next to these the regiment of Coenus, and close to them that of Perdiccas. These troops were posted as far as the middle of the heavy-armed infantry to one beginning from the right. On the left wing first stood the regiment of Amyntas, then that of Ptolemy, and close to this that of Meleager. The infantry on the left had been placed under the command of Craterus; but Parmenio held the chief direction of the whole left wing. This general had been ordered not to abandon the sea, so that they might not be surrounded by the foreigners, who were likely to outflank them on all sides by their superior numbers.

But as soon as Darius was certified of Alexander's approach for battle, he conveyed about 30,000 of his cavalry and with them 20,000 of his light-armed infantry across the river Pinarus, in order that he might be able to draw up the rest of his forces with ease. Of the heavy armed infantry, he placed first the 30,000 Greek mercenaries to oppose the phalanx of the Macedonians, and on both sides of these he placed 60,000 of the men called Cardaces, who were also heavy-armed infantry. For the place where they were posted was able to contain only this number in a single phalanx. He also posted 20,000 men near the mountain on their left and facing Alexander's right. Some of these troops were also in the rear of Alexander's army; for the mountain near which they were posted in one part sloped a great way back and formed a sort of bay, like a bay in the sea, and afterwards bending forwards caused the men who had been posted at the foot of it to be behind Alexander's right wing. The remaining multitude of Darius's light-armed and heavy-armed infantry was marshalled by nations to an unserviceable depth and placed behind the Grecian mercenaries and the Persian army arranged in phalanx. The whole of the army with Darius was said to number about 600,000 fighting men.

As Alexander advanced, he found that the ground spread out a little in breadth, and he accordingly brought up his horsemen, both those called Companions, and the Thessalians as well as the Macedonians, and posted them with himself on the right wing. The Peloponnesians and the rest of the allied force of Greeks he sent to Parmenio on the left. When Darius had marshalled his phalanx, by a pre-concerted signal he recalled the cavalry which he had posted in front of the river for the express purpose of rendering the arranging of his army easy. Most of these he placed on the right wing near the sea facing Parmenio; because here the ground was more suitable for the evolutions of cavalry. A certain part of them also he led up to the mountain towards the left. But when they were seen to be useless there on account of the narrowness of the ground, he ordered most of these also to ride round to the right wing and join their comrades there. Darius himself occupied the centre of the whole army, inasmuch as it was the custom for the kings of Persia to take up that position, the reason of which arrangement has been recorded by Xenophon, son of Gryllus.

9. Meantime when Alexander perceived that nearly all the Persian cavalry had changed their ground and gone to his left towards the sea, and that on his side only the Peloponnesians and the rest of the Grecian cavalry were posted there, he sent the Thessalian cavalry thither with speed, ordering them not to ride along before the front of the whole array, lest they should be seen by the enemy to be shifting their ground, but to proceed without being seen in the rear of the phalanx. In front of the cavalry on the right, he posted the lancers under the command of Protomachus, and the Paeonians under that of Aristo; and of the infantry, the archers under the direction of Antiochus, and the Agrianians under that of Attalus. Some of the cavalry and archers also he drew up so as to form an angle with the centre towards the mountain which was in the rear; so that on the right, his phalanx had been drawn up separated into two wings, the one fronting Darius and the main body of Persians beyond the river, and the other facing those who had been posted at the mountain in their rear. On the left wing the infantry consisting of the Cretan archers and the Thracians under command of Sitalces were posted in front; and before these the cavalry towards the left. The Grecian mercenaries were drawn up as a reserve for all of them. (Jeffnote: The Penquin edition translates these troops as "foreign" troops not Greeks) When he perceived that the phalanx towards the right was too thin, and it seemed likely that the Persians would outflank him here considerably, he ordered two squadrons of the Companion cavalry, the Anthemusian, of which Peroedas, son of Menestheus, was captain, and that which was called Leugaean, under the command of Pantordanus, son of Cleander, to proceed from the centre to the right without being seen. Having also marched the archers, part of the Agrianians and some of the Grecian mercenaries up to his right in the front, he extended his phalanx beyond the wing of the Persians. But when those who had been posted upon the mountains did not descend, a charge was made by a few of the Agrianians and archers at Alexander's order, by which they were easily put to the rout from the foot of the mountain. As they fled to the summit he decided that he could make use of the men who had been drawn up to keep these in check, to fill up the ranks of his phalanx. He thought it quite sufficient to post 300 horsemen to watch the men on the mountain.

10. Having thus marshalled his men, he caused them to rest for some time, and then led them forward, as he had resolved that their advance should be very slow. For Darius was no longer leading the foreigners against him, as he had arranged them at first, but he remained in his position, upon the bank of the river, which was in many parts steep and precipitous; and in certain places, where it seemed more easy to ascend, he extended a stockade along it. By this it was at once evident to Alexander's men that Darius had become cowed in spirit. But when the armies were at length close to each other, Alexander rode about in every direction to exhort his troops to show their valour, mentioning with befitting epithets the names, not only of the generals, but also those of the captains of cavalry and infantry, and of the Grecian mercenaries as many as were more distinguished either by reputation or any deed of valour. From all sides arose a shout not to delay but to attack the enemy. At first he still led them on in close array with measured step, although he had the forces of Darius already in distant view, lest by a too hasty march any part of the phalanx should fluctuate from the line and get separated from the rest. But when they came within range of darts, Alexander himself and those around him, being posted on the right wing, dashed first into the river with a run, in order to alarm the Persians by the rapidity of their onset, and by coming sooner to close conflict to avoid being much injured by the archers. And it turned out just as Alexander had conjectured; for as soon as the battle became a hand-to-hand one, the part of the Persian army stationed on the left wing was put to rout; and here Alexander and his men won a brilliant victory. But the Grecian mercenaries serving under Darius attacked the Macedonians at the point where they saw their phalanx especially disordered. For the Macedonian phalanx had been broken and had disjoined towards the right wing, because Alexander had dashed into the river with eagerness, and engaging in a hand-to-hand conflict was already driving back the Persians posted there; but the Macedonians in the centre had not prosecuted their task with equal eagerness; and finding many parts of the bank steep and precipitous, they were unable to preserve the front of the phalanx in the same line. Here then the struggle was desperate; the Grecian mercenaries of Darius fighting in order to push the Macedonians back into the river, and regain the victory for their allies who were already flying; the Macedonians struggling in order not to fall short of Alexander's success, which was already manifest, and not to tarnish the glory of the phalanx, which up to that time had been commonly pro claimed invincible. Moreover the feeling of rivalry which existed between the Grecian and Macedonian races inspired each side in the conflict. Here fell Ptolemy, son of Seleucus, after proving himself a valiant man, besides about 120 other Macedonians of no mean repute.

11. Hereupon the regiments on the right wing, perceiving that the Persians opposed to them had already been put to rout, wheeled round towards the Grecian mercenaries of Darius and their own hard-pressed detachment. Having driven the Greeks away from the river, they extended their phalanx beyond the Persian army on the side which had been broken, and attacking the Greeks on the flank, were already beginning to cut them up. However the Persian cavalry which had been posted opposite the Thessalians did not remain on the other side of the river during the struggle, but came through the water and made a vigorous attack upon the Thessalian squadrons. In this place a fierce cavalry battle ensued; for the Persians did not give way until they perceived that Darius had fled and the Grecian mercenaries had been cut up by the phalanx and severed from them. Then at last there ensued a decided flight and on all sides. The horses of the Persians suffered much injury in the retreat, because their riders were heavily armed; and the horsemen themselves, being so many in number and retreating in panic terror without any regard to order along narrow roads, were trampled on and injured no less by each other than by the pursuing enemy. The Thessalians also followed them up with vigour, so that the slaughter of the cavalry in the flight was no less than it would have been if they had been infantry.

But as soon as the left wing of Darius was terrified and routed by Alexander, and the Persian king perceived that this part of his army was severed from the rest, without any further delay he began to flee in his chariot along with the first, just as he was. He was conveyed safely in the chariot as long as he met with level ground in his flight; but when he lighted upon ravines and other rough ground, he left the chariot there, divesting himself both of his shield and Median mantle. He even left his bow in the chariot; and mounting a horse continued his flight. The night, which came on soon after, alone rescued him from being captured by Alexander; for as long as there was daylight the latter kept up the pursuit at full speed. But when it began to grow dark and the things before the feet became invisible, he turned back again to the camp, after capturing the chariot of Darius with the shield, the Median mantle, and the bow in it. For his pursuit had been too slow for him to overtake Darius, because, though he wheeled round at the first breaking asunder of the phalanx, yet he did not turn to pursue him until he observed that the Grecian mercenaries and the Persian cavalry had been driven away from the river.

Of the Persians were killed Arsames, Rheomithres, and Atizyes, three of the men who had commanded the cavalry at the Granicus. Sabaces, viceroy of Egypt, and Bubaces, one of the Persian dignitaries, were also killed, besides about I00,000 of the private soldiers, among them being more than I0,000 cavalry. So great was the slaughter that Ptolemy, son of Lagus, who then accompanied Alexander, says that the men who were with them pursuing Darius, coming in the pursuit to a ravine, passed over it upon the corpses. The camp of Darius was taken forthwith at the first assault, containing his mother, his wife, who was also his sister, and his infant son. His two daughters, and a few other women, wives of Persian peers, who were in attendance upon them, were likewise captured. For the other Persians happened to have despatched their women along with the rest of their property to Damascus; because Darius had sent to that city the greater part of his money and all the other things which the Great King was in the habit of taking with him as necessary for his luxurious mode of living, even though he was going on a military expedition. The consequence was, that in the camp no more than 3,000 talents were captured; but soon after, the money in Damascus was also seized by Parmenio, who was despatched thither for that very purpose. Such was the result of this famous battle which was fought in the month Maimacterion, when Nicocrates was archon of the Athenians.

12. The next day, Alexander, though suffering from a wound which he had received in the thigh from a sword, visited the wounded, and having collected the bodies of the slain, he gave them a splendid burial with all his forces most brilliantly marshalled in order of battle. He also spoke with eulogy to those whom he himself had recognized performing any gallant deed in the battle, and also to those whose exploits he had learnt by report fully corroborated. He likewise honoured each of them individually with a gift of money in proportion to his desert. He then appointed Balacrus, son of Nicanor, one of the royal body-guards, vice roy of Cilicia; and in his place among the body-guards he chose Menes, son of Dionysius. In the place of Ptolemy, son of Seleucus, who had been killed in the battle, he appointed Polysperchon, son of Simmias, to the command of a brigade. He remitted to the Solians the fifty talents which were still due of the money imposed on them as a fine, and he gave them back their hostages.

Nor did he treat the mother, wife, and children of Darius with neglect; for some of those who have written Alexander's history say that on the very night in which he returned from the pursuit of Darius, entering the Persian king's tent, which had been selected for his use, he heard the lamentation of women and other noise of a similar kind not far from the tent. Inquiring therefore who the women were, and why they were in a tent so near, he was answered by some one as follows, "O king, the mother, wife, and children of Darius are lamenting for him as slain, since they have been informed that you have his bow and his royal mantle, and that his shield has been brought back." When Alexander heard this, he sent Leonnatus, one of his Companions, to them, with injunctions to tell them, "Darius is still alive; in his flight he left his arms and mantle in the chariot; and these are the only things of his that Alexander has." Leonnatus entered the tent and told them the news about Darius, saying, moreover, that Alexander would allow them to retain the state and retinue befitting their royal rank, as well as the title of queens; for he had not undertaken the war against Darius from a feeling of hatred, but he had conducted it in a legitimate manner for the empire of Asia. Such are the statements of Ptolemy and Aristobulus. But there is another report, to the effect that on the following day Alexander himself went into the tent, accompanied alone by Hephaestion one of his Companions. The mother of Darius, being in doubt which of them was the king (for they had both arrayed themselves in the same style of dress), went up to Hephaestion, because he appeared to her the taller of the two, and prostrated herself before him. But when he drew back, and one of her attendants pointed out Alexander, saying he was the king, she was ashamed of her mistake, and was going to retire. But the king told her she had made no mistake, for Hephaestion was also Alexander. This I record neither being sure of its truth nor thinking it altogether unreliable. If it really occurred, I commend Alexander for his compassionate treatment of the women, and the confidence he felt in his companion, and the honour bestowed on him; but if it merely seems probable to historians that Alexander would have acted and spoken thus, even for this reason I think him worthy of commendation.

(This is a fragment of Polybius which sheds distrust on the earlier account of Callisthenes)

 Callisthenes, FGrHist. 124, F. 35 (= Polybius 12.17-22)

12.17 (1) In order that I may not seem to insist arbitrarily on the acceptance of my criticism of such famous writers, I will take one battle and a very celebrated one, a battle which took place at no very distant date and, what is most important, one at which Callisthenes himself was present.  (2) I mean Alexander's battle with Darius in Cilicia.  Callisthenes tells us that Alexander had already passed the narrows of the so-called Cilician Gates, while Darius had marched through the pass known as the Gates of Amanus and had descended with his army into Cilicia.  (3) On learning from the natives that Alexander was advancing in the direction of Syria, he followed him up, and when he approached the pass, encamped on the banks of the river Pinarus.  (4) The distance, he says, from the sea to the foot of the hills is not more than fourteen stades, (5) the river running obliquely across this space, with gaps in its banks just where it issues from the mountains, but in its whole course through the plain as far as the sea passing between steep hills difficult to climb.  (6) Having given this sketch of the country he tells us that Darius and his generals, when Alexander turned and marched back to meet them, decided to draw up the whole phalanx in the camp itself in the original position, the river affording protection, as it ran close past the camp.  (7) After this he says they drew up the cavalry along the sea-shore, the mercenaries next them at the brink of the river, and the peltasts next the mercenaries in a line reaching as far as the mountains.

12.18 (1) It is difficult to understand how they posted all these troops in front of the phalanx, considering that the river ran close past the camp, especially in view of their numbers, (2) for as Callisthenes himself says, there were thirty thousand cavalry and thirty thousand mercenaries.
. . .
(6) Where, then, were the mercenaries posted, unless indeed they were drawn up behind the cavalry?  (7) This he tells us was not so, as they were the first to meet the Macedonian attack.  We must, then, of necessity, understand that the cavalry occupied that half of the space which was nearest to the sea and the mercenaries the half nearest the hills, (8) and from this it is easy to reckon what was the depth of the 9 cavalry and how far away from the camp the river must have been.  After this he tells us that on the approach of the enemy, Darius, who was half way down the line, called the mercenaries himself from the wing to come to him.
. . .
(11)  Lastly, he says that the cavalry from the right wing advanced and attacked Alexander's cavalry,  who received their charge bravely and delivering a counter charge fought stubbornly. (12) He forgets that there was a river between them and such a river as he has just described.

12.19 (1) Very similar are his statements about Alexander.  He says that when he crossed to Asia he had forty thousand foot and four thousand five hundred horse, (2) and that when he was on the point of invading Cilicia he was joined by a further force of five thousand foot and eight hundred horse.  (3) Suppose we deduct from this total three thousand foot and three hundred horse, a liberal allowance for those absent on special service, there still remain forty-two thousand foot and five thousand horse.  (4) Assuming these numbers, he tells us that when Alexander heard the news of Darius' arrival in Cilicia, he was a hundred stades away and had already traversed the pass.  (5) In consequence he turned and marched back through the pass with the phalanx in front, followed by the cavalry, and last of all the baggage-train.  (6) Immediately on issuing into the open country he re-formed his order, passing to all the word of command to form into phalanx, making it at first thirty-two deep, changing this subsequently to sixteen deep, and finally as he approached the enemy to eight deep.  (7) These statements are even more absurd than his former ones.  For with the proper intervals for marching order a stade, when the men are sixteen deep, will hold sixteen hundred, each man being at a distance of six feet from the next.  (8) It is evident, then, that ten stades will hold sixteen thousand men and twenty stades twice as many.  (9) From all this it is quite plain that when Alexander made his army into sixteen deep the line necessarily extended for twenty stades, and this left all the cavalry and ten thousand of the infantry over.

20 (1) After this he says that Alexander led on his army  in an extended line, being then at a dis-
tance of about forty stades from the enemy.  (2) It is difficult to conceive of anything more absurd than this.  Where, especially in Cilicia, could one find an extent of ground where a phalanx with long spears could advance for 40 stades in a line 20 stades long? . . .

[The obstacles against this as a possibility are too numerous to mention.  Callisthenes himself provides us with proof of this.]

(4) For he tells us that the torrents descending from the mountains have formed so many clefts in the plain that most of the Persians in their flight perished in such fissures.  But, it may be said, Alexander wished to be prepared for the appearance of the enemy [and the formation described by Callisthenes is not a reasonable preparation]. . .

(8) But other things apart, Alexander did not even, according to Callisthenes, send his cavalry out in front when advancing in line over flat ground, but apparently placed them alongside the infantry.

17.21 [Chapter 21 enumerates other "mistakes" resulting from the depth of Alexander's phalanx reported by Callisthenes.]

17.22 (1) It would be too long a story to mention all the other absurdities of his narrative, and it will suffice to point out a few.  (2) He tells us that Alexander in drawing up his army was most anxious to be opposed to Darius in person, and that Darius also at first entertained the same wish, but afterwards changed his mind. . . .

(4) How, we ask, did a phalanx of heavy-armed men manage to mount the bank of a river which was steep and overgrown with brambles? . . .  (5) Such an absurdity cannot be attributed to Alexander [(6) who everyone agrees knew what he was doing]. . .  We should rather attribute it to the writer, who is so ignorant as to be unable to distinguish the possible from the impossible in such matters.

[trans. W.R. Paton, LCL]

Diodorus Siculus: The Battle of Issus

 Diod. 17.32-36

17.32 [Chapter 32: A. learned that D. was only a few days march away, and sent Parmenion to seize the Syrian Gates.  D. sent his baggage train to Damascus and then made his way toward A's position.  A. occupied Issus.]

17.33 [Chapter 33: When A's scouts reported that D. was only 30 stades away (c. 4 miles), and advancing with his army in battle formation, A. understood that this was his chance "to destroy the Persian power in a single victory."  He set the cavalry along the front of the phalanx and himself took command of the right wing along with the best of the mounted troops.  The Thessalian cavalry was on the left.  First there was a volley of missiles between the two armies.  Trumpets sounded attack and the two armies engaged.]

(5)   Alexander cast his glance in all directions in his anxiety to see Darius, and as soon as he had identified him, he drove hard with his cavalry at the king himself, wanting not so much to defeat the Persians as to win the victory with his own hands.  (6) By now the rest of the cavalry on both sides was engaged and many were killed as the battle raged indecisively because of the unevenly matched fighting qualities of the two sides. . . .

17.34 [Chapter 34: The strategy of Alexander and his closest companions was to strike the king, and this was what they tried to do.  The officers of each side fought valiantly.   Many men were killed, many were wounded.  Alexander was wounded in the thigh.   When Darius' horses, terrified by the killing around them, almost bolted forward, Darius changed into a second chariot.  At this point he was seized with terror and turned with many of his men to flee.  Most of his cavalry managed to escape to friendly cities.]

(9) Now the macedonian phalanx and the Persian infantry were engaged only briefly, for the rout of the cavalry had been, as it were, a prelude of the whole victory.  Soon, all of the Persians were in retreat and as so many tens of thousands were making their escape through narrow passes the whole countryside was soon covered with bodies.

17.35 [Chapter 35: The Macedonians now turned to plunder and gained control of much gold and treasure from the Persian camp.  Many Persian women were also captured.]

17.36 [Chapter 36: It was a pitiful sight to see these women, who had been born to high station, herded off as captives.  Particularly pitiful was the family of Darius--his mother, wife, two daughters of marriageable age, and a son 6 yrs. old.  The royal pages took over Darius' tent and prepared everything so that, upon his return from the pursuit, he could assume Darius' property as a sort of omen for his conquest of Asia.  (Justin 11.10.1-5 and Plutarch Alex. 21.4 mention that Alexander married this wife of Darius, named Barsine, at this time.)]

(6) In the course of the battle there died on the Persian side more than 100,000 infantry and not less than 10,000 cavalry; on the Macedonian side, the casualties were 300 infantry and 150 cavalry.  This was the conclusion of the battle at Issus of Cilicia.

[Note on casualties: Persian casualties--these same figures are given by Curtius 3.11.27, Plutarch Alex. 20.5, and Arrian 2.11.8; Justin 11.9.10 gives 61,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry killed and 40,000 captured.  Macedonian casualties--Curtius 3.11.27 gives 4500 wounded, 302 missing, 150 killed; Justin 11.9.10 gives 130 infantry killed and 150 cavalry; Arrian 2.10.7 says that 120 Macedonians were killed.]

The translation of section 17.34 of the World history was made by C. Bradford Welles.

The Persian Oxyathres was the brother of Darius and a man highly praised for his fighting qualities. When he saw Alexander riding at Darius and feared that he would not be checked, he was seized by the desire to share his brother's fate. Ordering the best of the horsemen in his company to follow him, he threw himself with them against Alexander, thinking that this demonstration of brotherly love would bring him high renown among the Persians. He took up the fight directly in front of Darius's chariot and there, engaging the enemy skillfully and with a stout heart slew many of them. The fighting qualities of Alexander's group were superior, however, and quickly many bodies lay piled high about the chariot. No Macedonian had any other thought than to strike the king, and in their intense rivalry to reach him took no thought for their own lives.

Many of the noblest Persian princes perished in this struggle, among them Atizyes and Rheomithres and Sabaces, the satrap of Egypt.  Many of the Macedonians fell also, and Alexander was wounded in the thigh, for the enemy pressed about him.

The horses which were harnessed to the yoke of Darius's chariot were covered by wounds and terrified by the piles of dead about them. They refused to answer to their bridles, and came close to carrying off Darius into the midst of the enemy, but the king himself, in extreme peril, caught up the reigns, being forced to throw away the dignity of his position and to violate the ancient custom of the Persian kings. A second chariot was brought up by Darius's attendants and in the confusion -as he changed over to it in the face of constant attack- he fell into a panic terror. Seeing their king in this state, the Persians with him turned to flee.

Battle of Issus, Plutarch

There was at this time in Darius's army a Macedonian refugee, named Amyntas, one who was pretty well acquainted with Alexander's character. This man, when he saw Darius intended to fall upon the enemy in the passes and defiles, advised him earnestly to keep where he was, in the open and extensive plains, it being the advantage of a numerous army to have field-room enough when it engaged with a lesser force. Darius, instead of taking his counsel, told him he was afraid the enemy would endeavour to run away, and so Alexander would escape out of his hands. "That fear," replied Amyntas, "is needless, for assure yourself that far from avoiding you, he will make all the speed he can to meet you, and is now most likely on his march toward you." But Amyntas's counsel was to no purpose, for Darius immediately decamping, marched into Cilicia at the same time that Alexander advanced into Syria to meet him; and missing one another in the night, they both turned back again. Alexander, greatly pleased with the event, made all the haste he could to fight in the defiles, and Darius to recover his former ground, and draw his army out of so disadvantageous a place. For now he began to perceive his error in engaging himself too far in a country in which the sea, the mountains, and the river Pinarus running through the midst of it, would necessitate him to divide his forces, render his horse almost unserviceable, and only cover and support the weakness of the enemy. Fortune was not kinder to Alexander in the choice of the ground, than he was careful to improve it to his advantage. For being much inferior in numbers, so far from allowing himself to be outflanked, he stretched his right wing much further out than the left wing of his enemies, and fighting there himself in the very foremost ranks, put the barbarians to flight. In this battle he was wounded in the thigh, Chares says, by Darius, with whom he fought hand-to-hand. But in the account which he gave Antipater of the battle, though indeed he owns he was wounded in the thigh with a sword, though not dangerously, yet he takes no notice who it was that wounded him.

Nothing was wanting to complete this victory, in which he overthrew above an hundred and ten thousand of his enemies, but the taking the person of Darius, who escaped very narrowly by flight. However, having taken his chariot and his bow, he returned from pursuing him, and found his own men busy in pillaging the barbarians' camp, which (though to disburden themselves they had left most of their baggage at Damascus) was exceedingly rich. But Darius's tent, which was full of splendid furniture and quantities of gold and silver, they reserved for Alexander himself, who, after he had put off his arms, went to bathe himself saying, "Let us now cleanse ourselves from the toils of war in the bath of Darius." "Not so," replied one of his followers, "but in Alexander's rather; for the property of the conquered is and should be called the conqueror's." Here, when he beheld the bathing vessels, the water-pots, the pans, and the ointment boxes, all of gold curiously wrought, and smelt the fragrant odours with which the whole place was exquisitely perfumed, and from thence passed into a pavilion of great size and height, where the couches and tables and preparations for an entertainment were perfectly magnificent, he turned to those about him and said, "This, it seems, is royalty."

But as he was going to supper, word was brought him that Darius's mother and wife and two unmarried daughters, being taken among the rest of the prisoners, upon the sight of his chariot and bow, were all in mourning and sorrow, imagining him to be dead. After a little pause, more lively affected with their affliction than with his own success, he sent Leonnatus to them, to let them know Darius was not dead, and that they need not fear any harm from Alexander, who made war upon him only for dominion; they should themselves be provided with everything they had been used to receive from Darius. This kind message could not but be very welcome to the captive ladies, especially being made good by actions no less humane and generous. For he gave them leave to bury whom they pleased of the Persians, and to make use for this purpose of what garments and furniture they thought fit out of the booty. He diminished nothing of their equipage, or of the attentions and respect formerly paid them, and allowed larger pensions for their maintenance than they had before. But the noblest and most royal part of their usage was, that he treated these illustrious prisoners according to their virtue and character, not suffering them to hear, or receive, or so much as to apprehend anything that was unbecoming. So that they seemed rather lodged in some temple, or some holy virgin chambers, where they enjoyed their privacy sacred and uninterrupted, than in the camp of an enemy. Nevertheless Darius's wife was accounted the most beautiful princess then living, as her husband the tallest and handsomest man of his time, and the daughters were not unworthy of their parents. But Alexander, esteeming it more kingly to govern himself than to conquer his enemies, sought no intimacy with any one of them, nor indeed with any other women before marriage, except Barsine, Memnon's widow, who was taken prisoner at Damascus. She had been instructed in the Grecian learning, was of a gentle temper, and by her father, Artabazus, royally descended, with good qualities, added to the solicitations and encouragement of Parmenio, as Aristobulus tells us, made him the more willing to attach himself to so agreeable and illustrious a woman. Of the rest of the female captives, though remarkably handsome and well proportioned, he took no further notice than to say jestingly that Persian women were terrible eyesores. And he himself, retaliating, as it were, by the display of the beauty of his own temperance and self-control, bade them be removed, as he would have done so many lifeless images. When Philoxenus, his lieutenant on the sea-coast, wrote to him to know if he would buy two young boys of great beauty, whom one Theodorus, a Tarentine, had to sell, he was so offended that he often expostulated with his friends what baseness Philoxenus had ever observed in him that he should presume to make him such a reproachful offer. And he immediately wrote him a very sharp letter, telling him Theodorus and his merchandise might go with his good-will to destruction. Nor was he less severe to Hagnon, who sent him word he would buy a Corinthian youth named Crobylus, as a present for him. And hearing that Damon and Timotheus, two of Parmenio's Macedonian soldiers, had abused the wives of some strangers who were in his pay, he wrote to Parmenio, charging him strictly, if he found them guilty, to put them to death, as wild beasts that were only made for the mischief of mankind. In the same letter he added, that he had not so much as seen or desired to see the wife of Darius, nor suffered anybody to speak of her beauty before him. He was wont to say that sleep and the act of generation chiefly made him sensible that he was mortal; as much as to say, that weariness and pleasure proceed both from the same frailty and imbecility of human nature.

Updated: Aug 25, 2004

Encyclopedia: Alexandretta, Syria

Alexandretta, or Iskanderun (med. Scanderoon), is a town of southeast Turkey (claimed also by Syria), situated in the northeast angle of the Levantine Mediterranean on the southeast of the gulf to which it gives a title. Its population in 1900 was about 10,000, two-thirds Muslims. Current population is around 175,000.

Iskanderun preserves the name, but probably not the exact site, of Alexandria ad Issum, founded by Alexander the Great in 333 BC, about 23 miles south of the scene of his victory, to supersede Myriandrus as key of the Syrian Gates (Beilan Pass). The importance of the place ever since has been derived from its relation to this pass, the easiest approach to the open ground of Hatay and Northern Syria; and this relation has prevailed over the extreme unhealthiness of the site, which lies on marshy deltaic ground, screened by the horseshoe of Elma Dagh from all purifying influences of north and east winds. As the main outlet for the overland trade from Baghdad and India, whose importance was great until the establishment of the Egyptian overland route, the place was a great resort, first of Genoese and Venetian merchants, then of those of West and North European nations. The British Levant (Turkey) Company maintained an agency and factory here for 200 years, till 1825, in spite of appalling mortality among its employees. Alexandretta is still the main port for the Aleppo region, to which a good chaussee leads over the Beilan Pass, and it has a considerable export trade in tobacco, silk, cereals, liquorice, textiles.

The health of the place has improved with the draining of the marshes and the provision of a better supply of water, but still leaves much to be desired. The wealthier inhabitants have summer residences at Beilan near the summit of the pass, long a stronghold of freebooting Dere Beys and the scene of the victory won by Ibrahim Pasha in 1832, which opened Cilicia to his advance. The distance by road to Aleppo has been shortened to about 70 miles, and Antioch is about 45 miles distant by a branch of the same chaussee.

(from an old encyclopedia)

Alexandretta became prominent in recent popular culture when named as the location of the Grail shrine in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade; the location actually shown in the film, however, was based on Petra, in Jordan.

Category:Turkey Category:Syria Category:French colonies

Battle of Issus Links:       The Dashing Persian Army     Pictures of the battlefield

"Issus" Mosaic

Upset at Issus

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text: The effect of antagonistic principles in my work is magnified by Demon. It is an opposition to the installation tending toward minimalism: a work which is created from the depths of human “unconsciousness”. This also affected the choice of material- black cowhide shaped into an ambiguous archetypal object. It is like a Genie release not from the bottle but from the cube, or vice versa, it is a subject erupted from geometry. We have to place an object which is able to absorb human dreams, desires, threats, fantasies, fetishes… next to a cube, if we want it to remain a cube.


text:
Lights in the Darkness

For the last few years I’ve had an image in my mind.

However the technicalities of making the picture have meant that it’s taken me this long to realise the vision.

To get this image I needed 4 things to happen: 1. There was a heavy mist 2. At night 3. I had the time to get it done 4. There was someone available to help me do it.

Last night all 4 of these stars aligned, and I finally captured the image.

Dinas Bran Castle backlit in the mist.

A big shout out to my VAL for the evening, Tom, I couldn’t have done it without you.

Written by:


text:
About the band A New Groove

A New Groove, as implied by it's name is one the freshest, and most versatile dance bands in the Portland, Seattle and Central Oregon areas. Blessed with an almost obscene abundance of talent, A New Groove leaves no stone unturned in their quest for the Holy Grail of funk, disco, rock, R&B, and jazz. Since it's formation in 2007, A New Groove has been one of Portland, Seattle and Central Oregon's most requested cover bands for weddings, corporate events and fund raising events. A New Groove features A List musicianship, amazing male and female vocalists, a comprehensive play list, a dedication to making their performances unforgettable and fun for their audience and themselves! A great band is one of the most important elements in the success of any event and A New Groove is as close to a sure thing as there is! Look like a genius and book A New Groove for your next event!

The band can provide you with cocktail and ceremony music in a variety of configurations and as part of a package, becomes quite affordable. We can also provide you with a host of ancillary services that when compared to your venue or local specialty companies, will in most cases save you money. Some examples are as follows:

Auxiliary sound system(s)

Wireless mics (lapel, hand held)

Break DJ

Cocktail music (live)

Ceremony music (live)

1st dance instruction (choreography)

Digital projector and screen

Additional lighting

Up lighting

Learn first dance free of charge

After Party DJ


text:
Babysitting, Family Vacations, and Cats — PR023

Guest: Sarah Donner **

We compare notes on teenage babysitting gigs and discover I was sorely underpaid. Then we fondly recall family vacations and realize arcades seemed much bigger back then. And then, as always, there’s some kitty-cat chat. Listen in!

Connect with Sarah:

Sarah Donner website

Kittens Slay Dragons website

Sarah Donner Facebook

Sarah Donner Twitter

Sarah Donner Instagram

Cool stuff inspired by Paws Rewind:

Take a second to support Paws Rewind podcast on Patreon!

Leave A Comment


text:
Anilao Diving Resort Scuba Dive Philippines

Scuba Diving Packages | Beach Resort | Anilao Batangas Philippines

best scuba diving destination

affordable Beach Resort Accomodation in Anilao Batangas

Top Hotel Accomodation for scuba divers

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Anilao Diving Resort in Batangas Philippines

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Anilao Diving resort   Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort Anilao Diving resort CHECK AVAILABILITY

Fun and adventure by the sea and under the sea…

Anilao Diving Resort is part of the Verde Island Passage, one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world. If you want to know the best place to scuba dive in the Philippines, Anilao is the seaside haven you’re looking for. It is strategically situated for scuba diving and snorkeling being in the middle of a network of 30 dive spots bursting with marine life and blessed with clear visibility.

We do our best to protect the reefs and kaleidoscope of marine biodiveristy we have at Anilao to make sure that every guest is privy to our 287 coral species, a much more colorful underwater sight compared to Caribbean’s 50 species, and 250 species offered by the world-famous Tubbataha Reefs in the Sulu Seas of South of the Philippines.

We offer basic and advance scuba diving lessons while enjoying Beach in Batangas along Anilao coral reefs right in front of Eagle Point Resort Philippines.

Group of 4 Divers: Php 2,620.00/2 dives/diver Php 4,630.00/2 dives/diver
Group of 3 Divers: Php 3,100.00/2 dives/diver Php 5,100.00/2 dives/diver
Group of 2 Divers: Php 3,780.00/2 dives/diver Php 5,775.00/2 dives/diver
1 Diver: Php 6,576.00/2 dives/diver Php 8,589.00/2 dives/diver
Entrance and Parking Fees Entrance and Parking Fees
One boat trip to the dive sites One boat trip to the dive sites
Weights and belts Weights and belts
Two (2) tanks, Dive ticket Two (2) tanks, Dive ticket
Service of a Dive Guide for 2 dives BCD, Regulator, Wet suit, Gloves,Fins, Booties and Mask
Service of a Dive Guide for 2 dives

1 scuba dive with boat, guide, tank and weights P1,500/dive/person Minimum 2 persons Single is additional Php 500/dive
1 scuba dive with full equipment, boat, guide, tank and weights P1,750/dive/person Minimum 2 persons Single is additional Php 500/dive
shore, beach entry, house reef dive with guide P1,000/dive
additional for nitrox (not available at the resort, but we can assist to a nearby dive camp) P320/dive for 32%P360/dive for 36%
Full skin diving equipment rentals Php1,624.00/US$35.00/ – Full/short wet suit, BCD, Regulator, Fins, Booties
additional for night dive P400/dive
additional for night dive with flash light included P700/dive

Shuttle Service

Car service – good for 1 or 2 persons Php10,000.00net/round trip
Van – good for 2-6 persons  Php 11,200.00net/round trip
Service for one way  Php 5,500.00net/one way
Service for 1 whole day  Php 9,500.00net/round trip
Transportation Fee for 6 persons  Php 5,000.00net/1 way (Airport-Eagle Point Resort)

Day Tour Package

Php 1, 800.00 net per person

INCLUSIONS: Welcome drink, Parking fee, Set Lunch, Afternoon Snack Day use of Cabana (subject to availability) and Use of resort’s common facilities

Add-On Rates

Massage Php616.00 net/person/hour
Kayaking Php504.00 net/unit/hour
Snorkeling Php224.00 net/person/day
Dive Guide Php1,000.00 net/dive
Dive Master Php1, 000.00/dive
Dive Master (night dive) Php1, 500.00/dive
Dive Boat (min. charge) Php2,688.00 net/min. of 8 pax/round trip
SNORKELING/SKIN DIVING Php1,120.00.00net/person
FUN SCUBA DIVING Php1, 750.00 net/person

You may want to add to your address book or safe sender list so our emails get to your inbox. This message was sent by AnilaoDivingResort, Ground Floor Cacho Gonzales Building, 101 Aguirre St. Legazpi Village, Makati City, 1227 Philippines. You have any Inquiry? Or need Quotation? Feel free to Contact Us.

Anilao Diving and Beach Resort

Ground floor, Cacho Gonzalez Bldg. 101 Aguirre cor. Trasierra
Sts., Legazpi Village,Makati City, Philippines
9AM to 6PM from Monday to Friday; Saturday 9AM TO 5PM
Telephone: +63 2 8133553, Fax/Ph: +63 2 8133560
Mobile: +63 9175625223 / 0917-8164950 / 0917-7125024 / 0920-9776694

Anilao Diving resort   Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort  Anilao Diving resort


text:
Click to enlargePrima Mark Sticks

Marking stick in plastic tube with twist-action. Made with special waxes, paraffin oil and high-quality dyes. These marking sticks are easily applied to animal skins. They are heat and cold resistant, highly colour-intensive and luminous. The material contents are not harmful.

10 ct ( twist action ) F11-B4-1$11.81 Color:

Join Our Email List!

Please contact us for discount pricing on large orders.
Call toll free 1-800-892-6978 or email us at info@animalhealthusa.com


text:
Travian Answers

Let's start with your question

Search by answering questions

To find an answer, select a parent category and then child categories until the answer appears below. In case you cannot find the answer you need on your own you'll get a chance to contact us at the end.

I have a question about…

Let's get into the details:

Search by sitemap

Do you prefer searching via a normal sitemap as you know from a Wiki or a FAQ? No problem at all, just use the Answers sitemap-navigation to find your answer.

Task 08: Alliance

Description: Search for allies and join an alliance. If you don't have any contacts yet, check the alliances of players near you or search for an alliance on the forum.

Task: Join an alliance.

How to do this task: There are two ways, how to join an alliance. You can either get an invitation from some alliance leader or establish your own alliance. If there's an invitation, you should be able to see it in the left middle panel displayed bellow hero's information. If you want to create your own alliance, you will need Embassy level 3. If you have it, open the Embassy, fill out the Tag, which is sort of a shortcut to your Alliance name, which is filled bellow.

Fill out both tags and save. If done correctly, you should see a name of the alliance in the alliance panel.

If you are leader, you should find out more about all the options.

Text upon completion: We're off to a great start. The stronger and more active each single player is, the stronger you will be as a team. Have you found out how to report attacks to each other and how to ask for assistance?

Reward: lumber 295 clay 210  iron 235 getreide.gif 185

Has your question been answered to your satisfaction?

Yes   Neutral   No


text:
Singapore River and Fort Canning

  • Singapore River and Fort Canning
Singapore River and Fort Canning
S$ 100.00
Item Code : L0117SR
Availability: In Stock
Artist/Cartographer: G R Lambert
Image Size: 380mm x 240mm
* Method:

Note the absence of a bridge across the river between North and South Bridge roads; the former iron Elgin Bridge has been removed and is the process of being replaced by its arched concrete successor, not yet in evidence, which was officially opened 1929. Behind the jetty, which marks the former site of Stephen Hallpike's boatyard, stands the block of buildings known as the Government or Public Offices; today's Empress Place Building. Built 1864-67, as the new Court House, the central block was designed by J.F.A. McNair, Colonial Architect of Public Works. Subsequent additions and extensions augmented the block which was extensively renovated in 1988-89, and emerged as the Empress Place Building, renamed after the adjoining public space named Empress Place by the Municipal Council in 1907. Its next role will be that of Asian Civilisations Museum.

All our reproduction photographs are double matted (unless otherwise stated) and ready for framing.
*Please note colour of the actual reproduction photograph is slightly different from what you see here.


text:
The application window is now closed!

The Application Period has closed and we cannot accept any more entrants into the competition for 2019. We will contact all eligible applicants by February 15 for the beer registration and payment process.

Please see the following pages for information about the 2019 National Homebrew Competition


text:
Quicksilver coin wallet

quicksilver wallet - BuyCheapr.com

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About US

Android Market, known to us as Google Play Store, brings Android users entertainment bundle at their smart phones and tablet devices. Multiple applications categorized as entertainment, health, games, fitness help it’s users get ultimate experience, help them get rid of their boredom and helps simplifying one’s life. Android Store is known to have more than 1.5 million applications ranging from Global to Regional focused repository. Around 1 billion devices now host Android OS which clearly depicts the popularity of this platform.

Usually you have seen people running Android applications on their smart phones & tablet devices and such devices are able to host multiple addictive Android games. Enthusiasts out there would love to get a hand on such games on their PC’s with better control and display when compared to the smart devices. techappsforpc.com will help such users play most of the Android games hosted at the Google Playstore on their personal computers and laptops. We have on table multiple extensive guides which will help such enthusiasts get an experience of what Android to PC gaming is all about.

By now, you might be wondering the Operating Systems that are capable of hosting Android applications; we are glad to inform you the fact that our guides have been extensively tested and are proven to work on platforms such as of Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows XP, either it be a Desktop PC or a Laptop and MAC based platforms hosted by iMac, Macbook & Apple MAC Pro. To conclude, with techappsforpc, there will be bundle of Apps for PC on offer.

© 2019 Download Apps for PC. All rights reserved. Site Admin · Entries RSS · Comments RSS
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text:
Articles in People, Travel, Technology, Local News and Business

From Beirut to Boston: The Utter Americanness of Khalil Gibran

He was an immigrant child from Lebanon who passed through Ellis Island and became America’s best-selling poet. His story is America’s story.... Read full article

Emma Alkheder designs George Khouzame Foundation logo

THE George Khouzame Foundation has a new logo for its 2010 Big Give charity event, thanks to Revesbyâ€™s Broderick Gillawarna School student Emma Alkheder.... Read full article

Real estate group reveals average apartment prices in Beirut

by LebaneseExaminer on

Beirut-based real estate advisory firm RAMCO revealed the average sales prices of apartments under construction in Beirut vary between USD 2,088 and USD 7,000 per square meter.... Read full article

Beirut is home to the world’s No. 8 best restaurant

Monocle magazine’s annual Restaurant Awards are out and the only restaurant in the Middle East to be selected among the world’s top 50 is Lebanon’s acclaimed lunchtime eatery Tawlet, which got an impressive ranking as No. 8 in the world.... Read full article

ALF 2017 Scholarship Presentation Dinner and Public Lecture with Mr. Carlos Ghosn

Earlier this month, the Australian Lebanese Foundation hosted it’s ever-popular Scholarship Presentation Dinner and Talent Showcase in MacLaurin Hall, University of Sydney and again it attracted a full house. ... Read full article

Street coup for Australian Kfarsghab Association

THEREâ€™S a Parramatta Rd in the Lebanese village of Kfarsghab and now Parramatta is set to return the favour. Parramatta Council is considering renaming Amos St, east of Good St, Kfarsghab Pl in recognition of the ties our city has...... Read full article

Dr Jamal Rifi named 2015 Australian Father of the Year

by Joanna | Shepard’s Centre on

The prestigious 2015 Australian Father of the Year Award has been awarded to Dr Jamal Rif in honour of his devotion to his family, his commitment to his profession and his strong personal efforts to build understanding between Muslim and non-Muslim..... Read full article

Parramatta is friends with Lebanon

LEBANON will soon be mates with Parramatta through a goodwill agreement being set up by Lord Mayor Paul Garrard. At last weekâ€™s council meeting, Cr Garrard put forward his scheme to set up the agreement between Lebanese village associations...... Read full article

Don’t Date A Successful Arab Woman

My mentor once told me there’s nothing that scares an Arab man more than a successful Arab woman who doesn’t have to depend on him.... Read full article

El Emigrante, a statue commemorates the Lebanese people who have settled in Australia

Lebanese migrants have been settling in Australia from the mid-19th century. By the 1880s sizeable numbers of Lebanese people were finding homes in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide.... Read full article


text:
a cache of usenet and other text files pertaining
to occult, mystical, and spiritual subjects.

Labels and Words

To: alt.magick.tyagi
From: tyagI@houseofkaos.Abyss.coM (tyagi mordred nagasiva)
Subject: Re: Labels and Words
Date: 12 Oct 1994 02:31:48 GMT

[from alt.pagan: Raven ]

oneal@astro.psu.edu (Doug O'Neal) writes:

| Raven  writes:
|>   Andrea, I'm happy to see argument backed by dictionary citations.  But
|>  the citations you're giving trace the Old English source-word, not the
|>  Latin at all.  You're saying "not quite", but not addressing the issue.
|>  The better argument would be whether MALEFICIUM or VENEFICIUM was the
|>  correct Latin word for Witch(craft), and that's where sources differ.
| Could you explain why there must be an exact Latin equivalent if it's
| a Celtic and/or Old English concept?

Gee, have we decided that ONLY the British-Isles Celts had "witches"?

And are we going to stop referring to the executions on the European
continent as "witch-burnings [hangings, stonings, etc]"?

Kindly remember that a major source for what is now called "Wicca" was
C.G. Leland's ARADIA, concerning *Italian* witchcraft.  Leo Martello's
WITCHCRAFT, THE OLD RELIGION, details his tradition's *Sicilian* roots.

The Latin word, and concept, were around long before the Saxons invaded
England.  Much debate about the proper Latin word for "witch" comes from
the King James Bible's translation "thou shalt not suffer a witch to
live", the question being whether the original word was correctly given
as "witch" or mis-translated due to James's own paranoid witch-hatred.
The Bible used Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin, long before it ever
had an English version -- and it wasn't about the Celts -- but it had
the concept of "witchcraft", even so.

-- Raven (JSingle@Music.Lib.MATC.Edu).  [All standard disclaimers apply]

The Arcane Archive is copyright by the authors cited.
Send comments to the Arcane Archivist: tyaginator@arcane-archive.org.

Did you like what you read here? Find it useful?
Then please click on the Paypal Secure Server logo and make a small
donation to the site maintainer for the creation and upkeep of this site.

The ARCANE ARCHIVE is a large domain,
organized into a number of sub-directories,
each dealing with a different branch of
religion, mysticism, occultism, or esoteric knowledge.
Here are the major ARCANE ARCHIVE directories you can visit:
interdisciplinary: geometry, natural proportion, ratio, archaeoastronomy
mysticism: enlightenment, self-realization, trance, meditation, consciousness
occultism: divination, hermeticism, amulets, sigils, magick, witchcraft, spells
religion: buddhism, christianity, hinduism, islam, judaism, taoism, wicca, voodoo
societies and fraternal orders: freemasonry, golden dawn, rosicrucians, etc.

There are thousands of web pages at the ARCANE ARCHIVE. You can use ATOMZ.COM
to search for a single word (like witchcraft, hoodoo, pagan, or magic) or an
exact phrase (like Kwan Yin, golden ratio, or book of shadows):

Search For:
Match:  Any word All words Exact phrase

Southern Spirits: 19th and 20th century accounts of hoodoo, including slave narratives & interviews
Hoodoo in Theory and Practice by cat yronwode: an introduction to African-American rootwork
Lucky W Amulet Archive by cat yronwode: an online museum of worldwide talismans and charms
Sacred Sex: essays and articles on tantra yoga, neo-tantra, karezza, sex magic, and sex worship
Sacred Landscape: essays and articles on archaeoastronomy, sacred architecture, and sacred geometry
Lucky Mojo Forum: practitioners answer queries on conjure; sponsored by the Lucky Mojo Curio Co.
Herb Magic: illustrated descriptions of magic herbs with free spells, recipes, and an ordering option
Association of Independent Readers and Rootworkers: ethical diviners and hoodoo spell-casters
Freemasonry for Women by cat yronwode: a history of mixed-gender Freemasonic lodges
Missionary Independent Spiritual Church: spirit-led, inter-faith, the Smallest Church in the World
Satan Service Org: an archive presenting the theory, practice, and history of Satanism and Satanists
Gospel of Satan: the story of Jesus and the angels, from the perspective of the God of this World
Lucky Mojo Usenet FAQ Archive: FAQs and REFs for occult and magical usenet newsgroups
Candles and Curios: essays and articles on traditional African American conjure and folk magic
Aleister Crowley Text Archive: a multitude of texts by an early 20th century ceremonial occultist
Spiritual Spells: lessons in folk magic and spell casting from an eclectic Wiccan perspective
The Mystic Tea Room: divination by reading tea-leaves, with a museum of antique fortune telling cups
Yronwode Institution for the Preservation and Popularization of Indigenous Ethnomagicology
Yronwode Home: personal pages of catherine yronwode and nagasiva yronwode, magical archivists
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      Free Gambling Luck Spell Archive: lucky gambling spells for the lottery, casinos, and races


text:
Index of /lite/2006-01-22

Icon  Name                                 Last modified      Size  Description
[DIR] Parent Directory - [TXT] README 06-Sep-2007 11:24 5.7K [   ] go_20060122-assocdb-data.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 25M [   ] go_20060122-assocdb-summary.txt.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 844 [   ] go_20060122-assocdb-tables.tar.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 24M [   ] go_20060122-assocdb.rdf-xml.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 10M [   ] go_20060122-obo-xml.dtd.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 1.0K [   ] go_20060122-rdf.dtd.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 1.6K [   ] go_20060122-schema-mysql.sql.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 7.1K [   ] go_20060122-seqdblite-data.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 63M [   ] go_20060122-seqdblite-summary.txt.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 877 [   ] go_20060122-seqdblite-tables.tar.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 62M [   ] go_20060122-seqdblite.fasta.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 34M [   ] go_20060122-termdb-data.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 7.4M [   ] go_20060122-termdb-summary.txt.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 346 [   ] go_20060122-termdb-tables.tar.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 7.3M [   ] go_20060122-termdb.obo-xml.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 1.4M [   ] go_20060122-termdb.owl.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 1.1M [   ] go_20060122-termdb.rdf-xml.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 1.8M [   ] go_20060122-utilities-src.tar.gz 23-Jan-2006 23:05 42M

For full documentation see

releases are named

YYYYMM is the release date (the release export usually follows some
time after the monthly release, due to time taken to build)

the DATASET is one of:

* termdb - a database containing just the information on the
GO terms and relationships. These are the table that are populated:

term                        GO controlled vocab terms
term2term                   relationships between GO terms
term_definition             definitions of terms
dbxref                      external database identifier entities
term_dbxref                 links from terms to other databases
term_synonym                synonyms for terms
graph_path                  transitive closure (all paths) in graph

* assocdb - a database containing both the GO vocabulary and
associations between GO terms and gene products. This database
subsumes termdb. These are the extra tables that are populated:

gene_product                 gene or protein or entity annotated
association                  link between gene product and GO term
evidence                     evidence type and reference for an assoc
gene_product_count           recursive product counts per GO term

*seqdb - a database containing GO terms, gene products and the
sequences associated with these gene products. This db subsumes the
two above. It populates these additional tables:

seq                          biological sequence
gene_product_seq             link between a product and a sequence
seq_dbxref                   external database links for a sequence

NOTE: there are other unpopulated tables - we may or may not decide to
populate these at some point in the future.

*seqdblite - this is the same as seqdb, except all IEA associations
have been removed. The IEA associations provide relatively little
value compared to the curated associations, and they slow querying
down immensely. This is the distribution that AmiGO runs off of. We
are working on optimisations to allow AmiGO to run off of the full
seqdb release.

the TYPE is either

.rdf-xml - RDF XML export of the database. this comes as one single
file. Note there is no RDF XML export of seqdb, as we do not include
sequences in the xml yet. We do not include IEA evidence associations
in the xml. We may decide to split this xml file into multiple files
at a later date.

.obo-xml - OBO XML Export. Currently ontology only

.owl - OWL Export. Currently ontology only

.tables - this is a directory containing the MySQL dump, see below

.sql - SQL CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements for building a local
instance of the database. equivalent to the .tables TYPE (but slower
to load)

In this distribution, uncomporess the file:

Which contains the (MySQL ported) schema used in this release

You can also look at the HTML marked up version of the schema, or
schema diagrams here:

Go to

  click on "Schema Docs" or "Tables" in the sidebar

To guarantee that your schema, code and database release are in sync
you should use the files from the same release.

The database export was prepared from a mysql db - you should have no
problem importing it:

tar -zxvf go-YYYYMM-TYPE-tables.gz
cd <releasedir>
echo "create database mygo" | mysql
cat *.sql | mysql mygo
mysqlimport -L mygo *.txt

Note: if you are using Windows, you may see warning messages when
loading some tables; to avoid this, load tables this way:

mysql> load data infile
s\\association.txt" into table association lines terminated by '\r\n';

This can be avoided if you disable "TAR file smart CR/LF conversion"
when using Winzip (thanks to Henrik Edgren for the tip

We are unable to support Windows users - please refer to your MySQL
documentation; if you experience other problems, you may wish to try
posting a question to the go-database mail list to see if other
Windows users have any advice.

Your database is not supported; but we do have some tips below:

also: the perl api code is mostly DBMS neutral, it should in theory
work on non mysql setups

TIP: for converting mysql dumps to postgres, try my2pg

Thanks to Joe Morris of Affymetrix for the tip

see the directory sql/oracle/ in the go_YYYYMM-utilities_src software

This is contributed software, and not supported by the go-dev group.

you can access the data using the perl API - see

OR look at the perl API release for the data release:

tar -zxvf go_YYYYMM-utilities_src.tar.gz
cd go_YYYYMM-utilities_src
cd perl-api
perldoc GO/

sometimes the perl API must be in sync with the database, eg if the
schema changes in a way to break old code

you can build a local AmiGO installation using the source code and
data included in this distribution. You can load your own data into it
using either the scripts in go-dev/apps/db-loading, or the configure
script and makefile in go-dev/sql

Email the go-database mail list; go to

And click on "Mail List" in the sidebar

Be sure to have read the rest of the database documentation before
asking a question


text:
Index of /termdb/2018-06-11

Icon  Name                           Last modified      Size  Description
[DIR] Parent Directory - [   ] go_daily.autoQC 11-Jun-2018 14:00 9.1K [   ] go_daily-termdb.rdf-xml.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 4.5M [   ] go_daily-termdb.owl.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 5.7M [   ] go_daily-termdb.obo-xml.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 4.5M [   ] go_daily-termdb-tables.tar.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 11M [   ] go_daily-termdb-summary.txt.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 390 [   ] go_daily-termdb-data.gz 11-Jun-2018 14:00 12M [TXT] README 10-May-2011 14:51 2.4K

For full documentation see

This download area is for the automated daily build of the GO
Database, containing NO associations to gene products

This build is NOT manually checked; the build is automated, and there
is always a small possibility that problems could arise during the
build process. We try and anticipate these problems and build in
automated checks; however, it is not always possible to anticipate all
possible problems.

For a release that is manually QC'd, see the monthly download area

This release is a "termdb" build only - for a build that contains
associations to gene products, please see the monthly download area.

*FILE: go_daily-termdb-tables.tar.gz

This is the mysql dump for the GO database - to import into a local db:

  tar -zxvf go_daily-termdb-tables.gz
  cd go_daily-termdb-tables
  echo "create database mygo" | mysql
  cat *.sql | mysql mygo
  mysqlimport -L mygo *.txt

*FILE: go_daily-termdb-data.gz

This is a mysql dump as SQL statements - this may be more portable for
importing into non-mysql databases

*FILE: go_daily-schema-mysql.sql.gz    ### No longer provided as of 2011-01-27

This is the SQL DDL for the full GO Database
(note that many of these tables will not be populated, because this is a "termdb")

For complete, up to date schema documentation please refer to

*FILE: go_daily-termdb.rdf.gz

This is the RDF-XML dump of the termdb

*FILE: go_daily-termdb.obo-xml.gz

Obo-XML Export (this XML format is still in beta and subject to change)

*FILE: go_daily-termdb.owl.gz

OWL Export (the Obo-OWL mapping is still in beta and subject to change)

*FILE: go_daily.dtd.gz

The DTD for the above

*FILE: go_daily-utilities-src.tar.gz

The go-perl and go-db-perl tools for accessing the GO database

See for details

*FILE: go_daily.autoQC

A summary of the contents of some of the above files

Email the go-database mail list; go to

And click on "Mail List" in the sidebar

Be sure to have read the rest of the database documentation before
asking a question