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ABC Film Challenge – Action – D – DOA: Dead or Alive (2006)

Director: Corey Yuen

Writer: J.F. Lawton, Adam Gross, Seth Gross (Screenplay)

Starring: Jaime Pressly, Devon Aoki, Holly Valance, Sarah Carter, Natassia Malthe, Kane Kosugi, Matthew Marsden

Plot: The world’s best fighters are invited to DOA, an invitational martial arts contest. There, four female rival fighters will have to work together to uncover the secret that the organizer of the tournament is trying to hide.

Tagline – You’re Invited.

Runtime: 1 Hour 27 Minutes

There may be spoilers in the rest of the review

Verdict: Guilty Pleasure

Story: DOA: Dead or Alive starts as we meet our three leading ladies, wrestling royalty Tina Armstrong (Pressly) who wants to prove herself in legitimate fighting, Chinese princess Kasumi (Aoki) who leaves her clan to find out what happened to her brother at last year’s tournament and master thief Christie Allen (Valance) who can fight her way out of any corner.

The three get selected to enter this year’s DOA tournament along with 12 other competitors along with daughter of the creature Helena (Carter), they get sent to remote island where the three becomes friends and fight for the prize pool which will see them waiting for their opponents to be selected.

Thoughts on DOA: Dead or Alive

Characters – Tina Armstrong is an American wrestler, she has been on the top of that world and has always dealt with people questioning her own fighting ability, this tournament will give her a chance to show just how good she is. Kasumi is a princess of a Chinese clan, forbidden to leave the temple or face death, her brother vanished in the last tournament, she will go against tradition and face death in an attempt to uncover the truth about her brother. Christie Allen is a master thief whose latest job attracts the attention of the organisers of the tournament, she along with her partner have other plans while on the island. Helena is the daughter of the creator of the tournament, this is her first year on entry and she wants to do her father proud.

PerformancesThis is a movie which hired actresses that needed to look extra sexy, we can see this from our main four women, each comes from different backgrounds which shows in the performances where they all handle the fighting well, with Jaime Pressley giving us the best performance outside of the fighting.

StoryThe story follows three women bought from different background to enter a fighting tournament on a mysterious island, unlike most fighting tournaments, these can happened whether you get informed about your opponent which does give us different locations for the fights, it also shows us how the honour between these fighters is shown, with none of the fighters being the villainous side of the story. this is a video game turned film, so we know the story isn’t going to need to be the deepest and as long as we see the people fight we will be happy. Things do go over the top in the final act of the story which is fine again, for a video game story it all makes sense. There are clearly holes in the story which comes from where the defeated competitors go after losing and having one extra side story feels like we have slightly too much going on at times.

Action/AdventureThe action is a mix of different fights in different locations with the final fight in the temple being the true highlight on this side of everything. the adventure side of the film takes our characters from around the world ready to compete in the tournament.

SettingsThe film is mostly set on the solo island location, we get the beach, temple and hotel locations shown for the fights.

Special EffectsThe film does have moments of effects which are not as strong as they should be, with explosions and moments in the fights not looking that impressive.

Scene of the Movie –
Christie’s introduction is so ridiculous.

That Moment That Annoyed Me Disappearing characters.

Final ThoughtsThis is easily become people’s guilty pleasure, it has solid enough action scenes making it an acceptable video adaptation.

Overall: Video Game Joy.

Diane (2018)

Director: Kent Jones

Writer: Kent Jones (Screenplay)

Starring: Mary Kay Place, Jake Lacy, Estelle Parsons, Andrea Martin, Deirdre O’Connell, Glynnis O’Connor

Plot: Diane fills her days helping others and desperately attempting to bond with her drug-addicted son. As these pieces of her existence begin to fade, she finds herself confronting memories she’d sooner forget than face.

Runtime: 1 Hour 35 Minutes

There may be spoilers in the rest of the review

Verdict: Real, Tender & Eye Opening True

Story: Diane starts as we meet Diane (Place) a lady who is seeing her cousin Donna (O’Connell) suffering through cancer, her son Brian (Lacy) wasting his life with his drug abuse, trying to make him return to rehab. Diane spends her days helping people with her friend Bobbie (Martin), while dealing with her own personal problems.

As Diane’s struggle becomes more difficult, she remains calm, being forced into making the biggest decision about Brian, whether to continue to help him while suffering abuse from him and seeing life change around her at such a pace.

Thoughts on Diane

Characters – Diane is a middle-aged woman that keeps herself busy, by visiting sick relatives, helping the homeless or showing her love towards her drug abusive son. She sees her life going past fast, people leaving, changing, making her life harder to process, while still dealing with the mistakes from her past. Diane is a character that shows how difficult loneliness can be in a parent, you start to see friends passing on, feeling helpless and regretting their past. Brian is the son of Diane’s he is a drug abuser that can’t shake his addition and is getting tired of his mother trying to help him, causing him to be abusive toward her, he does need to sort his life out before it is too late. Bobbie is the best friend who helps Diane with the charity work, she gives her advice on Brian and tries to make her enjoy her own life, not to worry as much. We have lots of different characters that are part of Diane’s life, they have their own lives which makes hers harder to find time for them.

PerformancesMary Kay Place is fantastic, we follow her in every single scene, seeing how her character must react to everything going on in her life, we feel her struggles, understand her mistakes and just want to see her happy. The supporting cast includes Jake Lacy as the son, who pulls off both versions of him with ease, Estelle Parsons, Andrea Martin and Deirdre O’Connell who just shine when they get to share the spotlight with Mary.

StoryThe story follows the everyday life of Diane, a middle-aged woman that is seeing her friends getting ill, her son spiralling out of control and time being spent on helping the homeless. The story does show us how life can become more difficult at the middling to later ages in life, how you can start to become isolated, forcing you to reach out to everyone in your life. It shows the realism that can come from this situation and shows us just how difficult the life can be, you do see these situations being real and the struggles can be felt by many. The way this story is shot, makes us want to see the best for Diane, who has always tried to do the best for everyone in her life.

SettingsThe film uses the settings to show the everyday life for Diane, ones you can see her using to make herself feel happy.

Scene of the Movie –
Reunited at the diner.

That Moment That Annoyed Me It was difficult to read the notes Diane was leaving.

Final ThoughtsThis is a tender look at life for a woman that has been seeing everything around her life changing, Mary Kay Place gives a brilliant performance that stands head and shoulders above the rest.

Overall: Brilliant look at life.

Franchise Weekend – Daredevil (2003)

Director: Mark Steven Johnson

Writer: Mark Steven Johnson (Screenplay)

Starring: Ben Affleck, Jennifer Garner, Colin Farrell, Michael Clarke Duncan, Jon Favreau, Scott Terra, Ellen Pompeo

Plot: A man blinded by toxic waste which also enhanced his remaining senses fights crime as an acrobatic martial arts superhero.

Tagline – A man without hope, is a man without… fear.

Runtime: 1 Hour 43 Minutes

There may be spoilers in the rest of the review

Verdict: Simple Origin Film

Story: Daredevil starts when young Matt Murdock becomes blind through a freak accident only to see his other sense bring him new life and after his father’s death, he dedicates his life to help fight for the ones who need it. Now an adult Matt (Affleck) he has become a lawyer to help people the mob victimise, if he doesn’t get justice in a courtroom, he puts on the mask to become Daredevil and eliminates the threat.

The Kingpin (Duncan) runs the town and he keeps everyone working for him under control, tired of Daredevil causing problems, he hires Bullseye (Farrell). With a new love interest in warrior Elektra (Garner) the daughter of a billionaire, the sides all come together to give Matt his toughest battle yet.

Thoughts on Daredevil

Characters – Matt Murdock was blinded as a child and saw his father killed by the mob. He dedicates his life to stopping the mob in a courtroom and if that fails, he will take justice into his own hands. A trained warrior who uses sound to visualise his enemies believing that revenge in the best way to solve the problems. Elektra is the daughter of a billionaire who grabs Matt’s attention, she is trained to protect herself and after her father is killed, she sets out on her own mission for revenge. Bullseye is an assassin for hire, he never misses, well that is his skill, he can turn anything into a weapon and enjoys the competition. The Kingpin is the man that runs the neighbourhood’s crime ring, he will kill anyone that gets in his way and doesn’t care who he kills.

PerformancesBen Affleck in the leading role is good for what he needs to do, there might be a few questions over the blind scenes, but for the fights he can handle himself well. Jennifer Garner has the look and experience in the combat roles, she doesn’t have much to do outside of this though. Michael Clarke Duncan in a villainous role where he is bigger than his opponent is an easy and good choice, while Colin Farrell seems to love playing this role.

StoryThe story shows us how Daredevil rose up to take on the biggest crime boss in the city of New York, he does have to question where he lays in the battle, will he cross the lines the villains do and get revenge for his father’s death. this might seem like a pretty safe origin story which is all we want at times. We do keep most of the story around human enhancements over superpowers which is good to see to because at times we are facing anything from Gods to aliens. The way this story is told does make it feel like an adult Spider-man though.

Action/AdventureThe action in the film is entertaining, we have a couple of close combat sequences bringing in an Eastern fight style to the Western heroes mentality which was different at the time compared to what the other comic book films were giving us.

SettingsThe film is set in New York city which is always known for the high crime levels which would make a vigilante believable.

Special EffectsThe effects are interesting because we get the idea of how Matt can see being the main use of effects which does feel unique in style and does add that little something to the fights.

Scene of the Movie –
I never miss.

That Moment That Annoyed Me The blind scenes don’t look natural.

Final ThoughtsThis is a film that gets a lot more stick that it deserves if we are being honest, it is a simple to watch comic book movie that gets what it needs to right and doesn’t go wildly over the top.

Overall: Entertaining and watchable comic book movie.

Dragonflies Only Live for 24 Hours (2018)

Director: Richard Anthony Dunford

Writer: Richard Anthony Dunford (Screenplay)

Starring: Karl Kennedy-Williams, Judson Vaughan, Julie Rose Smith, Paul Coster, Faith Elizabeth, Cathy Conneff, Bhasker Patel

Plot: Two ambitious detectives stakeout a potential drug deal.

Runtime: 1 Hour 27 Minutes

There may be spoilers in the rest of the review

Verdict: Gritty Police Drama

Story: Dragonflies Only Live for 24 Hours starts as we meet everyday police officers Frankie Mills (Kennedy-Williams) and Parker Lyle (Vaughan) who have their own personal problems and are stuck dealing with petty crimes.

After the two miss out on a detective promotion, which they both needed for financial reasons, they decide to team up to create their own business, using their connections from the force to make the money they believe they deserve.

Thoughts on Dragonflies Only Live for 24 Minutes

Characters – Frankie Mills is the rougher of the two police officers, he keeps himself to himself in his personal life, he has a shady past which would see him struggle to get on the force, but he always turns up for work, helps the victims. Once they miss out, he will turn to the more violent side of the crimes they are committing. Parker is the married father with a drinking problem, he has a clean past, he will do the sneakier of the job for the two officers, even if his drinking problem could become the downfall of their plan. Brooke is the wife of Parker that has seen the problems in his life, but someone he can’t talk to about them. Hyde is the captain that has overlooked the two officers in the first place, before needing to turn to them.

PerformancesKarl Kennedy-Williams and Judson Vaughan both give strong performances of police officers that are pushed over the limit of the run of the mill system, they show us how they must reluctantly deal with crimes on the small scale, while showing their ambition to become more. The supporting cast do a strong job through the film.

StoryThe story follows two run of the mill police officers that get tired of being over looked and turn to the life of crime to get what they believe they deserve. This does show the simple routine careers the police officers must follow dealing with petty crimes, trying to fill out the paperwork trying to get the promotion they believe they deserve and worked hard enough to receive, it shows the limits they have reached in this career. We get to see how they start using the laws to get what they want and need along with the path this will send them down, one they shouldn’t be able to recover from. We get to see how the friendship between the two is used to make this happen and how much it will be pushed to the limits. We could have seen more from their criminal activities, but otherwise this can show how turning to crime isn’t going to be a smart idea.

CrimeThe crime side of the film comes from how the two police officers turn to the life of crime to get what they want, it sees how they will go through steps that become more serious as they get deeper.

SettingsThe settings show us how the everyday life can have small crimes in and how the police can deal with small crimes in the right way.

Scene of the Movie –
Kidnapping gnomes.

That Moment That Annoyed Me We could have seen more from the criminal side of their activities.

Final ThoughtsThis is a strong crime drama that shows just how far police officers might get pushed to get what they deserve.

Overall: Crime drama worth experiencing.

Division 19 (2017)

Director: S.A. Halewood

Writer: S.A. Halewood (Screenplay)

Starring: Alison Doody, Linus Roache, Lotte Verbeek, Clarke Peters, Will Rothhaar, L. Scott Caldwell, Jamie Draven

Plot: 2039. Jails have been turned into online portals where the public gets to choose what prisoners eat, wear, watch and who they fight. So successful is Panopticon TV, it is about to be rolled out to a whole town, providing subscribers even more choice.

Tagline – Anonymity is freedom

Runtime: 1 Hour 33 Minutes

There may be spoilers in the rest of the review

Verdict: Interesting World Building

Story: Division 19 starts in the near future, in a world where prisoners are now being watched 24/7 by the public, almost become the celebrities of the new world, Hardin Jones (Draven) is one of the most popular in the system now, with Charles Lyndon (Roache) profiting of his exposure.

When Neilsen the mastermind behind the prisoner cameras brings up the idea of putting them in a fully operational town, Hardin is the first member of this society, giving his brother Nash (Rothhaar) the chance to break him out and expose the truth.

Thoughts on Division 19

Characters – Neilsen is thee mastermind behind the prisoner program, the program giving the public a chance to buy prisoners and give them material to do, control their action, she is ambitious and wants to continue to build the program to become bigger, a whole town. Charles Lyndon is the leader of the free world, he has been happy to use the prisoner program, but when he learns just how much suffering is going on in the real-world, he wants to make a change, listen to the young people’s request. Hardin is the most popular prisoner, he gets released into the town, where he ends up escaping the surveillance state the people are living in. Nash is the younger brother, one of the fighters for the next generation, he along with the others has a plan to force the government into making the world equal, until he gets caught.

PerformancesAlison Doody in the authority business woman like lead role is strong, we know we need an actor that can demand power, she does this. Linus Roache is strong too in the role which is a government figure, trying to maintain control. Will Rothhaar and Jamie Draven as the brothers considered criminals both work well together and in their solo roles

StoryThe story here follows us in the future where people are being watched and controlled, prisoners are not used for entertainment purposes, with the gap between rich and poor at a new high. We have seen this type of world created many times, which isn’t going to be hard to build this divide, where this story tries to be different is with the prisoners being used as marketing tools more than anything, they have elements of freedom, compared to a ‘Gamer’ or ‘Death Race’ where the prisoner is put through extreme death sports. We have a fight which is designed to end the gap between rich and poor, one that could easily make sense in this world. the story does blend together nicely to show both sides of the story with ease.

Action/Sci-fiThe action in the film is chase sequences which do work well without being the most edge of your seat. The sci-fi world created is wonderful though, showing the divide between the people.

SettingsThe film is set in the near future, each setting works very well to show us the divide in the people.

Special EffectsThe effects in the film are used in the limited function, but they help with the moments of the futuristic world.

Scene of the Movie –
The manifesto.

That Moment That Annoyed Me We could have more moments in the streets.

Final ThoughtsThis is a smart idea for a sci-fi film, it brings us a world that could happen and shows the greed involved in this world.

Overall: Smart Sci-fi world.


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Four Year Anniversary + First Home Feels <3

Four years!!

Two days ago we celebrated our four year wedding anniversary, and I couldn’t let the day pass without writing a quick few words about how extra special our celebration is this year. If you would have asked me on our wedding day, if we would have a child four years later, I would have said the likelihood was 99%. If you would have asked me if we would be homeowners here in the Bay Area; I would have said, “you’re crazy!!” and that there was a <1% chance of that happening.

Well, here we are four years later, with our son Gio, who’s almost 18 months; and we just bought our first home. (cue: surprised emoji)

99% of me is really excited for this next step. I can’t wait to share this home with our family and friends, and finally be able to host our parents comfortably…without them sleeping on a couch or blow up mattress.

I can’t wait to host holidays. The most important piece of furniture to me was buying  a dining room table that could extend to fit our whole family.

I also can’t wait to watch Gio grow up in this house. He is going to have so much fun exploring the yard and playing in the play house…and helping me pick our produce (or maybe just eating it, haha). The previous homeowners left artichoke bushes, apple trees, blueberry bushes, avocado trees, and some other kind of fruit tree in the yard! It truly feels like the quintessential California home.

Moving somewhere new means leaving the street we’ve called “home” for almost 5 years.  Previous to living in our current apartment, we lived right down the street in a one  bedroom, until I found out I was pregnant. You can read about that move here.

This block has been my comfort zone for the past 5 years. I walked this neighborhood many, many times ….from nightly walks with Kendrick, to daytime runs, to slow waddles when I was pregnant, to our first family walk postpartum, to numerous stroller walks/naps when Gio was a couple months old, to wagon rides after he turned one, to walking with him beside me now…. how things have CHANGED.

Oh how I’ve loved this neighborhood; it will always be where Gio first grew up. We’ve made so many good friends, and although we won’t be moving far, it still is sad we won’t be within walking distance anymore.

Tonight will be our last night in our apartment…and I’m feeling all the FEELS. I remember when we first moved here two years ago, and how strange that first night felt. I told Kendrick, “what are we doing?? Let’s move back!” And he said, “You know we can’t do that. We have to move forward now.”

Words of wisdom from my husband that speak so much truth about life. We must continue moving forward. Growth happens when we pass through the uncomfortable. It’s temporary. It doesn’t last forever. And I’ve found some of the best things in life came from me making a decision to be uncomfortable.

SO, here’s to NEW beginnings. TO moving forward. And to having a place called HOME.

3 thoughts on “Four Year Anniversary + First Home Feels <3

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Beauty & Cutie Haul – Boots, Superdrug, Asda & Primark

Hi there! Some of you may remember that I used to buy toiletries, skin care and make-up in bulk. But I’ve stopped doing that a few months ago. Since then my approach to shopping has been 3 out / 1 in, which is going surprisingly well, so I’m sticking to this approch until (at least) the end of the year. 🙂 OK, I haven’t done much shopping lately, and because of that I’ve built up some “shopping credit”. So I decided to treat myself to a few new products. Now let me show you what I bought!

I found this Baylis & Harding Beauticology Donut Shop gift set at my local Asda store. It was £6 and it contains the following full size products: Blueberry Glaze Donut Shower Crème, Frosted Sprinkles Bath Soak Crystals, Vanilla Sugar Donut Body Butter. Yummy!

I also found lots of cute trainer socks at Primark. I bought a set of 3 pairs of Pokémon socks…

… and a set of 3 pairs of Care Bears socks. No, clothes and accessories have nothing to do with the 3 out / 1 in policy / approach / thing. However, I still wanted to show you that I bought these super cute trainer socks. 🙂 OK, now let’s get back to the toiletries and the beauty products that I picked up from Boots and Superdrug!

I bought 2 Carex shower gels. Carex used to do hand soaps and hand gels only, but they’ve recently launched shower and bath products too. These Carex shower gels were £1 each (special offer, Boots). I also bought 3 Boots Extracts Body Sprays – 2 mango sprays and 1 vanilla spray. These sprays are £3.50 each, but Boots ran a 3 for 2 promo, so I spent £7 in total for these 3 fantastic body sprays.

I found this super cute Caolion O2 Sparkling Purifying Soap by accident. I wasn’t looking for it. I didn’t need it. But it was £4 (Boots) and it looked cute… I wanted it, and I bought it! I also bought 3 more B. Confident Hyaluronic Acid Facial Spritzes. They’re normally £7.95 each, but they were on special (half price), so they were £3.95 each. However, Superdrug also ran a 3 for 2 promo on selected skin care products, so I paid £7.90 in total for these 3 body spritzes. Fantastic value!

I bought 3 more items from Boots’ Essentials collection – a Cucumber Facial Scrub, a Cucumber Facial Toner and a Cucumber 3-Minute Clay Mask. I’m really looking forward to testing these products!

I also bought several Carex Bubble Gum hand washes (Superdrug, 89p each) and several Carex Bubble Gum hand gels (£1 each, Boots). But these products are essentials, so I always stock up when they’re on special. 🙂

Any comments on my beauty and cutie haul? Feel free to get in touch. And thanks for reading! 🙂

Mrs Strawberry Blonde


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[Location Factors] Steel Plants in North & South India, Pittsburge USA, Ruhr Valley Germany

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  1. Steel Based Industrial Regions
    1. USA, Great Lakes-Pittsburg region
    2. Canada: St Lawrence Valley
    3. Germany, Ruhr Valley
    4. Britain: Birmingham, Midlands
    5. Sweden, Central region
    6. CIS: Ural region
    7. China: Steel industry
    8. China: Backyard Furnaces
  2. Integrated vs Mini steel plants
  3. Desi (Indian) Steel Plants
    1. TISCO, Jamshedpur, Bokaro
    2. Durgapur, Burnpur
    3. Rourkela, Bhilai
    4. Steel Plant: South India
      1. Vishveshwarya, Karnataka
      2. Salem, TN
      3. Vishakhapatnam, AP
  4. Secondary industries
    1. Heavy engineering industry
    2. Machine tools
    3. Light engineering industry

In the previous article, we saw the geographical factors affecting the location of iron and coal industry. Now moving to the next topic:

Steel Based Industrial Regions

  • Since most of the coalfields are located in the middle-latitudes=> iron-steel industry developed here.
  • Since steel is the raw material for many secondary industries (heavy/light engineering, machine tools, automobiles etc.). => Important industrial regions of the World usually found @middle latitudes.
  • On the other hand, tropical belt doesn’t have any significant coalmines => hardly any industries belts.
  • Africa doesn’t have coal or iron ore (Except some parts of S.Africa)=> hardly any industrial development.
  • anyways, let’s check out a few Videsi  steel based industrial regions (list not exhaustive)

USA, Great Lakes-Pittsburg region

Factor impact
Raw Material
  • Good-quality Coke from Pennsylvania
  • iron ore from the mines Lake Superior region
  • Limestone from Lake Huron, Appalachian Mountains
  • cooling water =from local rivers and lakes
Energy Coal locally available and hydroelectric power from Niagara falls (Cleveland)
water4cooling lake Erie etc.
Transport St Lawrence seaway facilitates transporting raw material and finished products
Labour Large population with diversified skills, due to years of “brain gain”
market4steel The region has diversified industrial activities, one feeding raw material to other.for example

  1. Pittsburgh, Youngstown and Cleveland= iron, steel and machineries
  2. Pontiac and Flint = car spare parts
  3. Detroit= automobile
  4. Chicago=railways (+ beef industry as we saw in earlier article under Geography series.)

Canada: St Lawrence Valley

Raw Material
  • iron ore from steep rock, Québec Ontario
  • coal from the Appalachian region
  • softwood from the coniferous forests
Energy Hydro electricity from Québec
  1. cheap water transport to great Lakes and St Lawrence River
  2. Canadian pacific railway
market4steel Machine building for paper-pulp and lumber industry + shipbuilding

Germany, Ruhr Valley

Raw Material
  • Saxony coalfield
  • iron ore from Bavaria, France, Spain and Sweden
  • Ruhr river
  • Rhine river=inland water transport + access to sea
market4steel Dusseldorf=automobile hub, Volkswagen, Mercedes etc.Ship building industry in Hamburg

Britain: Birmingham, Midlands

Raw material Staffordshire, Warwickshire coal field.Although, nowadays iron smelting industry moving towards coastal locations for imported iron ore.
Transport Central location=>Dense network of railroads.
  1. Automobile: Coventry= HQ of British Leyland company. Cars, coaches and trucks.
  2. Light engineering: region makes anything from a pin to a battleship, but specializes in smaller metal goods manufacture: nails, locks, keys, brassware and jewelry. Staffordshire coal field has long supported this thriving metallurgical industry

Sweden, Central region

Raw Material Sweden has one of the richest iron ore resources of Europe. Although they mostly rely on German pig iron as we saw earlier, due to lack of coking coal.
Energy Mountainous terrain + fast flowing river= abundant hydroelectric power (HP).Cheap HP=electric furnaces @steel plants, and electro-chemical industries.
  • Goteborg, the premier port, shipbuilding centre
  • Stockholm’s connected to Gotebore via Gota Canal = easy transport and export of engineering products.
  • Other industrial towns well connected by railways, roads and inland waterways.
Market4steel Volvo cars, bofors guns, Electrolux refrigerators etc.

CIS: Ural region

Raw material
  • Ural=rich iron ore deposit
  • Kuznetsk basin in Western Siberia = rich coal deposits- sent to Ural region by Railways.
  • The returning wagons after emptying coal, bring iron ore from Ural region. Thus iron-steel industry developed @both places.
  • This is known as Ural-Kuznetsk combine.
Energy Volga River= Kuybyshev dam= hydroelectric power
Transport trans-Siberian Railway
Market4steel Agricultural machinery, because Agriculture developed in Central Volga region.

China: Steel industry

In the late 19th century, in Britain, the coal production and urban industrial growth occurred parallel. Same story repeating in China.

During Mao’s era,

  • The railways was in nascent stage and lacked the capacity to move massive quantities of coal to industrial areas.
  • Various regions of China did not have interconnected electricity grid.
  • Therefore, many industrial regions were setup in North, near the coal mines.

map-China steel industry

  1. Manchuria
  • steel industry was setup by Japanese colonialists (after Sino-China war, Japan had occupied this region)
  • Coal from Fushan.
  1. Northern China
  • Around Shantung and Beijing.
  • Coal from Shantung and Shensi.
  1. Yangtze Valley
  • Runs along with the Yangtze river, Around Chongqing, Wuhan etc.
  • Coal from Chongqing + hydro electricity from Yangtze river.
  • Iron ore deposits on South of Yangtze River.
  • Yangtze river itself provides cheap inland transport.

China: Backyard Furnaces

  • At the end of 1950s, Chairman Mao had started a campaign called “Great Leap forward” with the aim to transform agrarian Chinese economy to industrialized economy (similar to Russia).
  • One of the tool under “great leap forward”=backyard furnaces.
  • Mao had ordered each commune, to setup small furnace and produce steel using local wood-charcoal and metal scrap. But this communist-experiment was an epic fail. Because:
  • Peasants did not have the skills for metallurgy, work was done in haste, sometimes villagers would just melt their kitchen utensils and product an unusable metal lump meet ridiculously high steel production ‘targets’ given to each commune.
  • Although Mao wanted to “double” the National steel production, But result was:
  1. Steel produced by such backyard furnaces was very weak and non-uniform in quality. If you made any machinery or building with this substandard steel, it would breakdown in a few years.
  2. Farm laborers were shifted to collect scrap-metal and cut jungles for charcoal=>agro productivity declined and led to famines in later years.
  3. Forests were cut down to make charcoal => environment problems, soil erosion etc.

before going into Desi steel industry, let’s understand the difference between

Integrated vs Mini steel plants

What’s the difference?
Integrated steel plant Mini steel plant
handles everything in one complex –

  • from processing raw material, making the Coking coal,
  • blast furnaces, production pig iron,
  • steel & other alloys,
  • even upto final rolling and shaping of ingots and rods.
  • Runs on electric furnaces.
  • input=scrap metal, sponge iron
  • Located near industrial towns for recycling the waste metal. e.g. in Maharashtra
takes years to construct an integrated steel plant Low gestation period.
in India, they’re concentrated in Damodar Valley region (Eastern India) They’re usually away from areas having integrated steel plants (Western India), to meet local demands + to avoid competition from integrated steel plants of the East.

Indian Steel Plants

Note: maps for most of the following steel plants are given on page 88 and 89 of NCERT Class 11 (India People and Economy), do refer to it.

Factor TISCO, Jamshedpur Bokaro, Jharkhand
Iron ore
  • Noamundi-Singhbhum, Jharkhand
  • Mayurbhanj, Odisha
  • Both within 100 kms radius
  • Noamundi in Jharkhand
  • Kiriburu, Odisha
  • Jharia, Raniganj
  • Both within <200 kms radius
  • Jharia Mines just 65 kms away
  • Sundargh district, Odisha
  • Maganese from Joda mines, Keonjhar, Odisha
  • dolomite from Palamau
  • Hydroelectricity  from Damodar Valley corporation
Water for cooling
  • Via pipelines from Subarnarekha and Kharkhoi rivers
  • Damodar river
Labour Abundant supply of Cheap labour  from Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and the tribal belt of Chhota-Nagpur platteau.
  • Railway connectivity to Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai
  • rail-water connectivity to Kolkata, just 300 kms away
  • Secondary industries located in the region that use steel to manufacture machine tools, automobiles, agro-machines, tine-plates, wires etc.
  • TELCO (Tata Engineering and Locomotive company) produces
  • Consumer cars /SUVs like sumo, safari, indica, sierra etc. and heavy vehicles, including armored carriers for army.
  • sludge-slag from the plant provides raw material to Sindri fertilizer industry.
  • produces crude steel and pig iron
  • Setup in 1907, just two years after Lord Curzon partition Bengal.
  • TISCO =Tata Iron and Steel company
  • TISCO plant wasn’t setup by Jamshedji Tata but his son Sir Dorabji Tata
  • Manganese is used for hardening steel.
  • with Soviet help in ‘72

Moving to the next two Indian steel plants:

Factor Durgapur, WB Burnpur, WB
Iron ore
  • Singhbhum, Jharkhand
  • Kendujhargah, Odisha
  • Mayurbhanj, Odisha
  • Singhbhum, Jharkhand
  • Mayurbhanj Odisha
  • Raniganj, WB
  • Jharia, Jharkhand
  • Jharia, just ~130 kms away
  • Birmitrapur, Odisha
  • Managanese: Bonaigarh, Barbil in North Odisha
  • Sundargarh, Odisha, just ~300 kms
Energy Damodar valley
Water for cooling Damodar river
Labour No shortage of cheap labour.
  • plant on the main railwayline between Delhi-Kolkata
  • Navigable Canal from Durgapur to Hugli and Kolkata Port
  • good rail connectivity sea ports @Odisha + Kolkata
  • pig iron, tools, alloys, light structural products
  • rails, galvanized steel, billets
  • ’64 with collaboration from UK
  • initially a private plant, nationalized in ‘72

Moving to the next two Indian steel plants:

factor Rourkela, Odisha Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Iron ore
  • Sundargarh, Keonjar District of Odisha
  • within radius of ~70kms
  • Dugar, Chandrapur and Bastar
  • Dalli-Rajhara range 80km away
  • Jharia,
  • Telchar,
  • Korba
  • Korba, Chhatisgarh (~225kms)
  • Bokaro, Jharia (~720 kms)
  • Raniganj, WB
  • Birmitrapur
  • Nandini mines ~25 kms away
  • Manganese from Balaghat (MP) + Bhandara (MH)
  • Barajmda
  • Balaghat
  • Hirakud (just 150 kms away)
  • Korba Thermal station
Water for cooling
  • Bramani river
  • reservoir on Mandira Dam (Sankh River)
  • Tandula Reservoir
Labour cheap labor available.
  • Both connected to Kolkata Nagpur Railway
Market provided special steel for

  • ISRO’s launch vehicles
  • Vijayenta tanks
  • building Mathura refinery
  • itself uses steel to make rails, beams and other structural products.
  • setup in ‘59, With help from West Germany
  • first Swadeshi steel plant
  • with help of former USSR, 1959
  • Main location factor= Government policy to setup plant here, to remove backwardness of this region.

Steel Plant: South India

factor Vishveshwarya, Karnataka Salem, TN
Iron ore
  • just 40kms away Baba Budan hills, in Chikmanglur.
Bailadila mines, Odishalocal iron ore also available- has low phosphorous-sulfur content=>helps making special grade Iron and Steel.
  • Bhundiguda
  • Manganese: Shimoga, Chitradurga just 50kms away
Either imported or brought from Jharkhand depending on price factor
  • available within 50km radius
  • In early days, used charcoal from forest wood.
  • now uses hydroelectric power from Sharawati and Mahatma Gandhi project
Mettur has both thermal and hydro projects
Water for cooling
  • Bhadra river
don’t know and too tired to google
  • located on main railway line of Biru-Shimoga.
Chennai port
  • billets, rails, wheels alloy steel and sleepers for railways.
Salem steel is useful in TN’s automobile industry, elevators, lifts, coins, ceiling fans.Also caters Government mints (for making coins).
  • In 1923 as private company “Mysore Iron and Steel”. Nationalized in ‘89
Started in 82. Location chosen due to political considerations.

Vishakhapatnam, AP

Iron ore Bailadila, Chhattisgarh
Coal Damodar Valley, Jharkhandalso imports metallurgical coal from Australia
Limestone From MP, Odisha, Chhattisgarh
Energy Natural gas from Krishna-Godavari Basin
Transport Vishakhapatnam itself a Port= rail connectivity with other states.+ helps in import of raw material and export of final products.
trivia First shore based plant of India.

Secondary industries

  • these industries rely on the raw materials produced by other industries
  • therefore seconded industries are often located near the companies which make their raw material industry, for example
industry located near
  1. Heavy engineering
steel factories
  1. petrochem / synthetic fibers
crude oil refineries

Engineering industries

engineering Light Heavy
examples kitchen utensils, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and variety of home and office appliances. shipbuilding, railway wagons, hydro turbines, thermal generators, transformers etc.
location Can afford to transport steel over longer distances and therefore scattered in distribution. Need large quantities of steel => located fairly close to iron-steel industry to reduce transport cost.

Heavy engineering industry

They require:

  1. huge amount of power
  2. large capital investment
  3. skilled labor

But main factor is: transport cost for heavy and bulky raw material (steel)=> Heavy engineering industry is usually located near steel plants.

Earlier we saw that steel plants themselves are located in the Damodar Valley and surrounding region (WB, Odisha, Jharkhand) for easy availability of iron ore, limestone, coking coal, energy and cooling water. Now let’s see examples of how heavy engineering industry is also located in the same region, because of those steel plants.

Place Heavy Industry
Jharkhand Heavy engineering Corporation Ltd in Rachi. They make blast furnaces for steel plants, heavy crushing and grinding equipment, rolling mills, rigs for oil wells
  • Durgapur: heavy engineering factory for mining equipment
  • Chittaranjan Locomotives: steel from Durgapur (~70 kms) and hydroelectricity from Damodar Valley.
  • Textile machinery Corporation has more than 60 units in Kolkata-Howrah region, for assembling jute mill machineries
  • machineries for paper Mills are manufactured @Rourkela
  • Thanks to Salem steel plant
  • factories for agricultural, mining machinery: earthmovers, excavators, bulldozers, power readers, threshers, harvesters, cutters, tractors

For the list of heavy industries in Foreign countries, we already saw the examples in those industrial region tables above.

Machine tools

Unlike heavy engineering industry, the machine tool industry doesn’t need to be right besides steel plants. Proximity to market and skilled labor = deciding factors. For example:

HMT Hindustan Machine tools.has units in Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Ajmer (Rajasthan), Srinagar etc.
  • Instrumentation ltd @Kota,
  • magnetic, electromagnetic equipment’s
  • @Palkkad, hydraulic and pneumatic instruments

Observe that none of above places are famous for iron-steel production.

Light engineering industry

  • These articles are fairly light and require small amount of raw materials. (e.g. various household and office equipment)
  • Such industries rely on electricity rather than coal or oil for power.
  • For them skilled labour, transport, market, favorable government policies (SEZ/Taxation) are more important factors than proximity to raw material.
  • They can be found near major cities rather than in traditional industrial areas near coalmines.
  • We’ll see about them in detail later in the articles for market/labour factors in industrial location.

In the next article, we’ll see geographical factors affecting the location of automobile industry and shipbuilding industry.
visit Mrunal.org/geography for the Archive of all geography articles published so far.

Mrunal recommends

7 Comments on “[Location Factors] Steel Plants in North & South India, Pittsburge USA, Ruhr Valley Germany”

  1. Thank u so much sir……after reading ur articles I like generstudies….

  2. plese sir write a articles about relevent of weberian industrial location theory in india.

  3. thanks you sir for the article . . sir you mentioned that tropical regions doesnt have any significant coal fields , but India and Australia have coal fields in good number . can you please clarify it sir . thank you .

    1. India is sub-tropical.

  4. what a lovely superb Post.

  5. It is very beautiful done and I have studied well through this thank u so much

  6. Really very Beautifully done once again thank you

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Published: July 31, 2017

Department of Media and Information works to improve farming in eastern Africa

Contact(s): Nicole O'Meara College of Communication Arts and Sciences office: 517.353.0706

Researchers from the Michigan State University Department of Media and Information presented on the power of communication technologies to improve agricultural practices in East Africa through a workshop in Tanzania in mid-June.

Professor of Media and Information Charles Steinfield partnered with MSU’s Global Center for Food Systems Innovation to facilitate a one-day workshop on how to develop and apply learning videos created with input from local communities. The 22 attendees included representatives from government agencies, non-governmental organizations and African universities that provide agricultural extension services.

“MSU is a global leader in agriculture and in supporting agricultural innovation around the world,” Steinfield said. “This project combines intellectual resources from across MSU to develop creative solutions to agricultural problems, and continues our long tradition of capacity building to enhance food security worldwide.”

After securing funds from the U.S. Agency for International Development through GCFSI, Steinfield assembled a cross-departmental team to launch a project that involved local communities in creating educational videos about the viability of new, climate resilient maize varieties.

The team collected narrative elements by visiting small farmers throughout western and south central Kenya. Steinfield and colleagues listened to farmers’ stories, assessed their reasons for not using drought resistant varieties and created a low-cost video based on those perspectives. A translator worked alongside the team so the video could be created in Kamba, the local language of the target region.

Once the video was completed, Tian Cai, media and information doctoral candidate, led a detailed study involving 27 villages, with 16 villages receiving a video screening followed by a moderated discussion. The other 11 villages served as a control group and were not shown the video. In eight of the “treatment” villages, Cai and the team further investigated whether adding mobile phone reminder messages would help the farmers remember the video content throughout the growing season.

“A key finding from Cai's thesis is that the combined video plus phone reminder approach clearly had the strongest impact on farmers’ learning and intention to use drought-tolerant maize,” Steinfield said.

He said attendees at the recent workshop were persuaded by the findings, and were eager to apply participatory video in their approach to improving farming practices.

“It is important to first spend the time needed to understand the local context and involve the local community in order to create solutions that use technologies in ways that are more appropriate to peoples’ lives,” Steinfield said. “This project was very much aligned with the philosophy of the Media and Information Department at MSU.”

Other members of the project team from Media and Information were Associate Professor Jennifer Olson and Kirk Mason, an undergraduate who filmed the 30-minute video. Tara Mock, a doctoral candidate from the African American and African Studies program, also contributed to the project.

For more details, visit this website. View the video here.

MSU Media and Information Professor Charles Steinfield.


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Competition & commensalism

Sea anemone (Stichodactyla sp.) Sea anemone (Stichodactyla sp.), often the home for the Anemone crab (Neopetrolisthes maculatus), Wild Guide to Moreton Bay Rose Barnacle (Tesseropora rosea) Rose Barnacle (Tesseropora rosea), Wild Guide to Moreton Bay

All marine animals form partnerships at some stage of their lives. There are four categories of partnerships classed according to the benefits each partner receives. Symbiosis is where two species cannot survive apart from each other. Mutualism is where two species benefit from living together but can also survive apart. Commensalism is where one partner uses the food supplied by the other (the host) without affecting the host in any way. Parasitism is where one partner obtains nutrients from the host, who gains no benefit at all and may be adversely affected by the parasite. These relationships are very common. Many animals fixed to the seabed have other creatures living on and inside them, using them as ‘hotels’ (and not necessarily as parasites), and there are some very colourful and famous partnerships, such as clown fish living in sea anemones.

Most of the seafloor consists of sandy or muddy plains with plenty of room for everything that wants to live there, but in some like coral reefs and rocky shores, where conditions are ideal for life, space is at a premium with sometimes fierce competition for resources (space, light, best exposure to water currents, food supplies). These communities are highly dynamic, with certain groups of species or phyla dominating others depending on local conditions and external factors including human disturbance. This dynamic cycle of advance and retreat includes physical smothering and shading (such that the faster growing species can overgrow slow ones) and the use of potent cocktails of chemicals (such that the most toxic creatures counter-attack the less toxic ones) to defend their patch. Sponges, corals and ascidians have evolved an arsenal of chemical weapons to defend their territories, attack their neighbours, and deter their predators. Some of these chemicals are also of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry which is continually searching for new drugs to aid human health.

Queensland Museum's Find out about... is proudly supported by the Thyne Reid Foundation and the Tim Fairfax Family Foundation.


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1897 Aboriginal Basket

*Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander visitors are advised that this section contains names of deceased individuals.

Trish Barnard

Senior Curator of Indigenous Studies

Cultures and Histories Program

My name is Trish Barnard. I’m the Senior Curator for Indigenous Studies with the Queensland Museum. My favourite object out of the collection is this little basket here that was made by a woman in 1897. Her name was Kalmakuta and she was from the Joondoburri people of Bribie Island - Pumicestone Passage area.

It was also interesting that it was made in 1897, which is the same year that the Queensland Act came into place. The Act is formally known as the Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act and that governed Aboriginal people’s lives right up until about 1970.

The interesting thing about this basket is also that European people started settling and exploring in the Pumicestone area from the 1820s and it wasn’t until 1837 that Brisbane was actually settled. So up around that point, it’s interesting to note that throughout Museum collections, very little was actually collected from this region. So that makes this basket very unique indeed.

Another really interesting thing about this particular basket is this diagonal stitching on the front. This is a coiled technique used to make this basket but this diagonal stitching is unique to this region in south-east Queensland and it’s not seen in any other bags or baskets made throughout Queensland or Australia. So that’s why this makes it a very rare example of fibre work from that time. Very little was actually collected by Europeans since the occupation of this region and very little is actually found in other collections so that makes this basket quite special.

Now, the other interesting thing is Kalmakuta actually married a European who was an oyster fisherman near Bribie Island and his name was Fred Turner. So she adopted the English name of Alma and was known as Mrs. Alma Turner but her language name remained Kalmakuta. The Caboolture Historical Society in fact, erected a memorial to Kalmakuta which is a stone can up at Ningi and it can be seen today. Kalmakuta and her husband Fred Turner lived at Ningi where they established a little hut in the 1870s and they remained there until she passed away in 1897.
May 2009

Download this transcript (43 KB) pdf document icon

Queensland Museum's Find out about... is proudly supported by the Thyne Reid Foundation and the Tim Fairfax Family Foundation.


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Time sure flies, doesn’t it? l Editor's Note

By Brandon Gustafson | Apr 11, 2018

Well, it’s official. It’s been half a year since I started here at the Beacon.

This past Monday, April 9, was the six-month anniversary of my first day on the job as the editor of this newspaper.

It’s strange. It feels like I’ve been here much longer than six months, yet at the same time, it feels like I just started. Funny how time works.

It’s been an interesting six months to say the least.

One thing I like about journalism is how different things can be one week to the next.

For instance, one week I can be writing about things like anti-gun rallies and city council meetings, and then the next I can be writing about how some kids are spending their Spring Break.

I also love the different kinds of people I’ve had the privilege of meeting and interacting with over the last six months.

I remember walking in my first day and talking to Paul Archipley, our publisher and most importantly, my boss, and him showing me around the office and introducing me to how we do things around here.

He showed me how to use Apple software and how to move files around in our Archive. I’d used Windows my whole life, so let’s just say it took some time to get used to.

Now, I go back to my other laptop and have no idea what I’m doing on Windows 10.

Gain one skill and lose another, I guess.

One of the things that was great about my six months here was covering the election.

I started Oct. 9 and Election Day was less than a month away.

I had Letters to the Editor about the various candidates running as well as about Prop. 1 and that was definitely a “sink or swim” type of ordeal.

Thankfully, I think I was able to swim.

Either that or I had a life jacket or some water wings.

I will say that it’s definitely nice and rewarding to have a job that you care deeply about, and one you spent lots of hours in school working towards. I couldn’t necessarily say that about previous jobs that I’ve had.

It’s funny talking to my former classmates who are still on campus at UW and they say, “You’re an editor? Seriously?”

On a slightly different note, I’ve had the opportunity to talk journalism and whatnot with many different people over the last few months.

Sen. Marko Liias used to help out here at the Beacon.

Executive Director of the Institute of Flight Jeff Van Dyck has experience with newspapers and printing as well.

My favorite experience came last week when a young middle school student from Edmonds came to visit the office with his mom.

Aaron delivers the Edmonds Beacon and has even started his own publication where he writes about the neighborhood cats.

The lucky people on his route not only get the fantastic work of Brian Soergel, the Edmonds Beacon editor, but they get Aaron’s latest work as well.

It was fun talking to him about writing and photography, and he got to meet Dan Aznoff, the Mill Creek Beacon editor and also see InDesign, where we build our papers each week.

I loved seeing his eyes light up when he got to look at old copies of the Beacon. He got a kick out of looking over our proof sheets.

I invited him back on a Tuesday afternoon when I’m in production, so hopefully he takes me up on that offer!

I’m going to wind this column down. I have other things I need to be writing, so here are just some of things I’ve learned over the last half-year:

  • People love the Police Beat: They love it even more than I initially thought they did.
  • People also love the Around Town Section: It’s a shame sometimes I have to choose one over the other.
  • Many small events have large turnouts: Small things like Boo Bash at Rosehill or the Easter Egg Hunt may seem like a small sort of event, but they get hundreds of people. I think that’s pretty cool.
  • Want a lot of likes on Facebook? Use the kids: I’m fairly certain some of our most-liked stories on social media are when we have Students of the Month/Quarter from Kamiak, Sno-Isle, and the Rotary Club. Nothing wrong with that.
  • The editorial staff likes sports: All four of us like sports and talking about them. That makes days more interesting for me.
  • I thought I was fairly well versed in AP Style: I was wrong.

Although the items listed above are fairly interesting (at least in my opinion), the most important thing I’ve learned is that if you wear a flannel shirt with a beanie, your boss will call you “Waldo” from that point on.

So from Waldo to all of you, thanks for reading and supporting our local paper. It’s been a cool six months to say the least.

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Private music instruction is considered to be the best way to learn to play a musical instrument. Use this directory to find a private music teacher offering music lessons in your local area (CT) or online lessons around the world. At the moment, our directory is limited to the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, United States, and New Zealand. This music teachers directory classifies private music instructors by instrument, such as private piano teachers (for private piano lessons), private voice teachers (for private voice lessons), private violin teachers (for private violin lessons), etc. Please use the above search function to find a private music teacher near you.

We welcome the following types of instructors in our Connecticut directory: Double Bass Instructors, Mandolin Teachers, Bagpipes Instructors, English Horn Educators, Harpsichord Tutors, Keyboard Teachers, Saxophone Educators, Ukulele Tutors, Harp Teachers, Acoustic Guitar Instructors, Trombone Teachers, Tuba Coaches, Drums Educators, Oboe Tutors, Bassoon Educators, Voice Instructors, French Horn Coaches, Piano Tutors, Bass Guitar Coaches, Flute Coaches, Violin Coaches, Dulcimer Instructors, Organ Instructors, Percussion Professionals, Classical Guitar Educators, Viola Da Gamba Professionals, Bass Professionals, Electric Guitar Instructors, Recorder Tutors, Brass Educators, Woodwinds Professionals, Clarinet Educators, Trumpet Teachers, Accordion Coaches, Cello Tutors, Viola Coaches, Lute Teachers, Banjo Teachers, Piccolo Professionals, Electric Bass Professionals .

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Gif N Run EP

A 7 track electro-funk album (24m 13s) — released September 12th 2011 on musique large
Ben Butler & Mousepad is Joe Howe (Gay Against You, Germlin, Joemus), executed with friend and co-conspirator Bastian Hagedorn (GTUK), a project originally signed on LOAF Recordings. Musique Large is glad to welcome them for the release of the Gif N Run EP. Taking as much inspiration from Progressive Rock's excesses as from the clean, crisp "whoomp" of the Scandinavian club scene, BB&MP is an electronic mess, reigned in quickly by a persistent pummelling beat or lightning-fast arpeggio. When things slow down, there is room for more consideration - analog wobble and warmth, weird chords and byzantine structures, all shot through with enthusiasm and clumsy energy. This ep will definitely find its place between Mr Oizo's, Daedelus's and Débruit's records. Three remixes complete the EP : Shigeto (Ghostly International) provides an aerial remix of Mag Mag, Brokenchord (Black Acre) re-works the sound layers of Cheer in a cold-beat way, and Mesak (Harmönia) brings some skwee madness to Dmore II. Like his previous projects, Gif N Run is an unpredictable, fun and musically dense release of Ben Butler & Mousepad. Few words by Ben Butler : I just finished working on music for an opera in Berlin, so this is a break for me - about the most different thing i could possibly do! I'm glad Musique Large adopted these tracks, I've had difficulty finding them a home - Too fast to be skweee, too weird to be house…Play to switch off your brain and engage your feet!!
  • Kudos happily ship all items worldwide.
  • Shipping costs and delivery times are available here.
  • UK items are sent tracked as standard at no extra cost.
  • We aim to dispatch orders placed before 2pm on the same day.
  • We are unable to ship orders on weekends or Bank Holidays.
  • If you purchase a pre-order item amongst an order of in-stock releases, we will typically hold your order until all items are in ready to send.
  • Although we use all reasonable means to ensure that your order is delivered within a specified time, we cannot accept any responsibility for late deliveries due to circumstances outside of our control. We will do our best to inform you of any unexpected delay.


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32 Free Toy Animal Knitting Patterns

Many free toy animal knitting patterns are available on the Internet. It takes time to sift through. I did that so you don’t have to. I tried to cover a wide range of animals including domestic and wild animals.

Why Knit Toy Animals

Knitted toy animals make great gifts especially for non-knitters than socks, sweaters or scarves. You don’t have to worry about their sizes and their fashion preferences. And all kids love toy animals.

The smaller-sized toy animals are great yarn busters as they often need only 50 yards or less. They are also quicker to finish.

Knitted toys usually feature various types of techniques for shaping such as short rows, increasing and decreasing, and because knitted toys are small projects, they are a great way to pick up these techniques without committing to a large project like a sweater, cardigan and more.

Oh, most toy animals do not require blocking. Yay!

Toy Animal Knitting Tips

To knit toy animals, you really need to know how to knit in the round. Most animals either have a round body or designers will design a cute round body for it. Limbs are almost always knit in the round. Knitting all the tiny pieces flat and then seaming them up is too tedious to be enjoyable.

Be bold with facial expressions. Decide and practise how you want to do eyes, nose, mouth because the instructions in the pattern are usually not that clear unless they are buttons, plastic eyes or noses or cut-out felt shapes.

For toys meant for young children, choking is a major concern so make sure the items you choose to use are safe for kids. Embroidered faces are the safest. You get also get kids-safe plastic eyes and noses. Here is a blog post by Simply Notables on creating eyes and noses using needle felting and embroidery.

Toy animals can be either realistic or cute. A good example is the 2 octopus patterns on my list. One is uber realistic while the other is cute and cuddly.

Free Toy Animal Knitting Patterns

1. Marie’s Nameless Dog

Image source: Ravelry.com

Nameless is made up of several garter stitch rectangles and squares. It is easy to put it together with a bit of sewing. What a great cuddly toy for a small child it makes.

Pattern: Nameless dog

2. Lizzard’s Jake The Dog

Image source: lizzardcrafts.blogspot.sg

Are you a fan of Adventure Time? Then you must try this pattern by Lizzard. Fin is available too.

Pattern: Jake The Dog

3. Sarah’s McIntyre’s Polar Pug

Image source: whodunnknit.com

This pug is so cute. But fair warning, there are 9 parts to sew together. But if you have the book Pugs of the Frozen North, you gotta have this pug.

Pattern: Polar Pug

4. Sarah Keen’s Sheep Dog

Image source: lionbrand.com

Designed by Sarah Keen for Knitted Farm Animals. It looks like a proper dog but still cute nonetheless.

Pattern: Sheep Dog

5. Louise’s Jiji The Cat

Image source: sincerelylouise.blogspot.sg

Jiji The black cat is the companion of Kiki, the girl who deliver parcels by flying on a broomstick, an animation movie called “Kiki’s Delivery Service” from Studio Ghibli. This pattern doesn’t have limbs but is still very cat-like. Watch a trailer.

Pattern: Jiji the Cat

6. Jenny’s Share Kitty

Image source: justjen-knitsandstitches.blogspot.sg

This is a big kitty at 41 cm tall. Legs, body, and head are knitted in 2 pieces: front and back. The arms, ears, and tail are knitted separately and then attached.

Pattern: Share Kitty

7. Jess’ Kate The Cat

Image source: knitty.com

Kate’s body and arm are knitted in one piece. The head is one colour and the body has 2 colours. This means that you will need to prepare 3 balls of yarn. Legs, arms, and ears are made separately and attached to the body. This is a tail-less cat. 🙂

Pattern: Kate The Cat

8. Sara’s Parlor Cat

Image source: Ravelry.com

Sara captures a very typical habit of a kitty cat. Sitting with paws and legs under the body and tail curled and wrapped around the body. Just looking at it is relaxing. And it is knitted in the round in one piece from head to tail. Minimum sewing and making up. How cute the cat turns out is determined by how well you can make up the face. 😛

Pattern: Parlor Cat

9. Rachel’s Marisol The Knitted Mouse

Image source: Ravelry.com

Marisol has such a sweet round face and a long pink tail. It looks best with grey yarn for the body and head and pink yarn for ears and tail. Too cute. She reminds me of Celestine from Ernest and Celestine. A storybook by Gabrielle Vincent that had been turned into an animated film by Benjamin Renner. See the trailer here –

Pattern: Marisol The Knitted Mouse

10. Paton’s Country Mouse

Country Mouse
Image source: yarnspirations.com

Knit this big sweet mouse for a child that loves to cuddle. There are quite a few pieces to knit up but since it is a big toy, hopefully, it isn’t too fiddly to handle.

Pattern: Country Mouse

11. Stilton the Mouse

Stilton the Mouse
Image source: loveknitting.com

Who can resist a cuddly mouse? You need to know how to knit in the round because all the limbs and body parts are knitted in the round.

Pattern: Stilton the Mouse

12. Spud and Chloe’s Flamingo

Image source: blueskyfibers.com

This pink flamingo has an added bouncy ball inside so it will bounce when you throw it. Gives the body a nice round shape too. You will need to know how to do a picot binding or at least be willing to learn it.

Pattern: Spud and Chloe’s Flamingo

13. Valley Yarns’ Knitted Robin

Image source: yarn.com

This pattern will make a 4-inch tall red-breasted robin. There is also a pattern for a crochet version.

Pattern: Knitted Robin

14. Janice’s Easter Chickens

Image source: laughinghens.com

I have a preference for whimsical design and Janice’s chicken fit the bill. 🙂

Pattern: Easter Chicken

15. Betsy’s Goose

Image source: Ravelry.com

I thought this goose pattern is really realistic. The shaping is really good.

Pattern: Goose knitting pattern

16. April Cromwell’s Rabbit and Bear

April Cromwell's Rabbit and Bear
Image source: https://bysmallmeans.wordpress.com

The pattern comes with the patterns for a rabbit and bear plus 5 clothing items.

Pattern: Rabbit and Bear knitting patterns

17. Organico Rabbit

Organico Rabbit
Image source: yarnplaza.com

Pattern: Organico rabbit

18. Sara’s Henry’s Rabbit

Image source: Ravelry.com

All the pieces of this knitted rabbit are knitted in the round so there are minimal sewing up. The eyes, nose and whiskers can either be embroidered or sewn in buttons or felt pieces depending on the recipient.

The rabbit is about 12 inches long and 6 inches tall.

Pattern: Sara’s Rabbit knitting pattern

19. Henry’s Bunny

Image source: Ravelry

Henry’s bunny is created using short rows to shape the body, head and ears. The ears are tricky which is why designer took pictures and with step-by-step instructions. The model bunny is not very big, the size of a palm but I think it could be made larger by using bulky yarn and bigger needles.

Pattern: Henry’s Bunny

20. Sarah’s Knitted Elephant

Image source: womansday.com

With 2 gleaming white tusks and flared ears, Sarah’s elephant reminds me of Babar The Elephant. Different parts of the body are knitted separately and then assembled. This gives the elephant a more realistic shape.

Pattern: Knitted elephant knitting pattern

21. Sara’s Babar Elephant

Image source: Ravelry.com

I mentioned that Sarah’s knitted elephant reminded me of Babar. Here is a pattern for an 11 inch Babar. The pattern includes Babar, his green suit, a bowler hat, his King’s cape and crown. Very cool.

Pattern: Babar The Elephant knitting pattern

22. Gabrielle’s Armadillo

Image source: Ravelry.com

For Gabrielle’s first attempt, this cute armadillo pattern is actually quite good. There are a couple of pieces but the making up is quite straightforward.

Pattern: Armadillo knitting pattern

23. Sara’s Beaver

Image source: Ravelry.com

This knitted beaver is about 16 inches long complete with a big flat tail. Don’t you just like its big fat butt?

Pattern: Beaver knitting pattern

24. Purl Soho’s Knitted Hedgehogs

Image source: purlsoho.com

This hedgehog has a really sweet face. It doesn’t come with feet so if you think your hedgehog needs some, knit some of your own.

Pattern: Knitted hedgehog knitting pattern

25. Cate’s Octopus Opus

Image source: knitty.com

The MOST realistic octopus I have ever seen! Cate uses plastic eyes and created eyelids which really add something different to the octopus. If you are knitting this for a small kid, you can substitute the eyes with safety eyes or use black yarn.

Pattern: Cate’s Octopus knitting pattern

26. Purl Soho’s Knit Octopus

Image source: purlsoho.com

Unlike Cate’s ultra-realistic octopus, Purl Soho’s is a cute one in warm white. The tentacles feature an interesting stitch pattern. You must be comfortable knitting in the round using double-pointed needles, magic loop or 2 circular needles because there is quite a bit of that going on. Purl Soho has very clear instructions on how to connect the tentacles to the body so it is a good project to learn how to do the assembly.

Pattern: Purl Soho’s knitted octopus

27. Ruth’s Turtle Sheldon

Image source: Knitty.com

Sheldon is cute but also practical. His shell can be removed to be washed separately. Knit up additional shells in different colours for Sheldon to change into. What a great idea!

Pattern: Sheldon The Turtle

28. Kathy’s Little Black Owl

I am not sure why but there are a lot of free owl knitting patterns. Some are really good and I think it is a perfect project for someone learning to knit in the round.

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katknits/6166394099/

This cute little owl is basically a knitted ball with felt circles and black buttons as eyes. It is really quite straightforward if you already know how to knit in the round and do increases and decreases.

Pattern: Kathy’s little black owl knitting pattern

29. Amanda’s Stuffy Owl

Image source: loveknitting.com

Knit in one piece. The eyes and beak are added after knitting using duplicate stitch. No tricky colourwork here although the chart is given if you want to try that. The project is knitted flat and the pieces are sewn together.

Pattern: Stuffy Owl knitting pattern

30. Purl Soho’s Big Snowy Owl

Image source: purlsoho.com

When Purl Soho called this big, they meant it. This is a humongous project, as big as an adult cat. It requires Super Bulky yarn and US size 15 needles. I tried knitting this with a worsted weight yarn. It still works. Here is my owl. I should have used a different yarn to knit the eyes and beak. Or use felt cloth instead. But the body is good.

my smaller version of the snowy owl

Pattern: Big Snowy Owl knitting pattern

31. Knit-a-Zoo’s Cordell The Owl

Image source: ravelry.com

Cordell is a silly looking owl. Knit in the round from bottom to head and is about 11 cm high.

Pattern: Cordell knitting pattern

32. Fuzzy Mitten lamb

Fuzzy lamb
Image source: loveknitting.com

Designed by Barbara Prime. Softies are good for any age but Fuzzy Lamb is a nice size for a toddler. According to Barbara, the gauge is not so important. If a heavier weight is used, the toy will be bigger. Parts include a head, a body, a tail, a pair of legs, arms, and ears. All body parts are knitted flat, seamed up and stuffed. Each part is then attached to the body accordingly. Seems like a lot of making up work but I do like the end product.

The type of yarn you use will determine the look. Use yarn with fuzz for the body and non-fuzz for the face will make the facial feature more prominent. The designer is generous, you can make this toy lamb to sell but not for mass production. Skills needed: stockinette and garter stitch, increases, decreases and sewing up seams.

Pattern: Fuzzy lamb knitting pattern

In Closing

There are really a lot of free toy animal knitting patterns out there to try. I picked those I think are fairly well thought out, have different constructions or offer new techniques. These are not my patterns. If you know of any that you think I should include, let me know.

Happy Knitting, Phoebe

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How do I change the listed owner/registrant for a domain name?
Posted by Phil (Netcetera) on 15 July 2014 10:37 AM

It is not possible to  change the Legal Registrant of a .uk domain name via your client area,the change must be done via Nominet.

You can do this via your online Nominet account - please go to   (Nominet make a charge for changing the registrant name  of £10.00 + VAT)

Log into your Nominet account and select the Registrant Transfer tab, located under Your Domains tab. You will then be able to select the domain name(s) you wish to transfer. You will be asked to confirm the new registrant’s email address and who will be paying the transfer fee.

When you have completed these details confirmation will be sent to the new registrant. The new registrant will then have 5 days in which to agree to the transfer. If after this time the transfer has not been agreed, Nominet will issue a refund and you will need to start the process again if you still require the registrant transfer.

If the new registrant accepts the transfer, you will receive an email confirmation when they have completed the process.

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Sporty Meets Disney

A comfy casual look that everyone will love… This OOTD did wonders for so many hours spent in the park. It was breezy (which you need in the Florida humidity) but I also didn’t freeze to death when in restaurants, rides, etc. Just so Y’all know, Old Navy has some bomb atheleisure. Totes winning with these leggings. Okay, so everything in this post I feel that way about it, but I just had to emphasize that Old Navy has some amazing stuff because I don’t feel they get the credit they deserve. (Prices are pretty fantastic on your bank account too) Anyway, this was a short and sweet to the point kind of post. Links Below. XOXO

My top has been out of the store for a bit, but I found a few on Poshmark and eBay. It’s called the Soulful Crop Tank. (Lululemon)

Similar Crop Top

(mine are in the color Bone, but I think they’re sold out)

Similar Pullover

Minnie Ears (for fun)

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Allergies & Dermatology

Is your pet’s itchy skin keeping you both up at night?

There are many different ailments than can affect the skin of a companion animal. Whether it’s a topical problem, like a hot spot or rash, or something more in-depth like an infection, the symptoms can be unpleasant. You don’t want to see your little buddy suffer like that, and neither do we! That’s why Fairfield Animal Hospital offers professional pet allergy and dermatology services as part of our comprehensive system of care. We want to help get your loved one as healthy on the outside as on the inside.

Diagnosing the Problem

The first step toward helping your pet feel better again is identifying the precise condition he or she is experiencing. Our hospital is outfitted with an in-house laboratory, which allows us to run a number of diagnostic tests quickly and efficiently. We may be able to tell what’s wrong just by examining your pet, or we may need to investigate further. Blood work, skin scrapings and biopsies help us get the answers we need to move forward with a cure.

Some of the dermatological issues we can provide assistance with include:

  • Allergies (food and/or environmental)
  • Infections (acute or chronic)
  • Parasites
  • Dermatitis
  • Hormonal disorders
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Tumors
  • Skin cancer

Developing a Treatment Plan

To determine how best to treat the problem, we will consider a number of unique factors. This allows us to develop a tailor-made approach just for your loved one, designed to achieve the best possible results. Depending on the situation, we may recommend something as simple as applying a topical cream. More complex conditions may call for a combination of treatment methods.

Allergies require a little more work to manage. Once we understand what’s causing your pet’s reactions, we will work toward a solution that will eliminate outbreaks as much as possible. Some allergies can be managed through lifestyle changes, such as switching food products. Others may require a longer-term strategy. Our recommendations will be based on your companion’s specific needs.

Signs of a possible skin problem include:

  • Excessive scratching
  • Scabbing or flaking of the skin
  • Hot spots
  • Shedding more than usual
  • Biting, chewing or licking at the affected area
  • Bumps or lumps on or under the skin

If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, it’s time to schedule an appointment. Give the professionals at Fairfield Animal Hospital a call. We can help your loved one live a more comfortable life.


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MyData 101

MyData is a human centred approach in personal data management that combines industry need to data with digital human rights. MyData 2017 conference brings together an international crowd of 1000 people from businesses, research community, civil society and government to shape the fundamentals on how personal data is managed globally.

Personal data has increasingly significant social, economic, and practical value. The EU’s recent General Data Protection Regulation changes the landscape in which organisations operate. Organisations around the globe are busy exploring the opportunities of human centric personal data. Whole industries such as energy, health and wellbeing, or finance, are already being disrupted by this trend.

Make it happen, make it right!

Join the conference to learn and to share your expertise on the current landscape and future roadmap of the emerging world of human centric personal data management.

MyData Is ...

A Concept

Like Big Data, MyData is an umbrella term for a type of personal data management that encompasses many different projects and initiatives.

Like an email account, MyData operators can be hosted by many different parties, or even self-hosted. It is not one particular tool or company.

Work in Progress

Like mobile telephony, MyData will have succeeded when it is a global, accessible network available for everyone. This is what we are working towards.

MyData Is not ...

One Project

There are many initiatives around the world, ranging from technical to legal, that fall within the MyData framework, whether they use the term “MyData” or not.

Geographically Limited

While there are certain countries with more active MyData movements than others, they are all inspired by initiatives from around the world. MyData teams in Finland, Estonia, and France are collaborating with others globally to make this system work.

Another Data Silo

Born out of the Open Knowledge movement, MyData is being developed as an open standards platform that will facilitate both for-profit and not-for-profit data-based services.

MyData is both an alternative vision and guiding technical principles for how we, as individuals, can have more control over the data trails we leave behind us in our everyday actions.

The core idea is that we, you and I, should have an easy way to see where data about us goes, specify who can use it, and alter these decisions over time.

To do this, we are developing a standardised, open, and mediated approach to personal data management by creating “MyData operators”.

The MyData operator account would act like an email account for your different data streams. Like email, different parties can host an operator account, with different sets of functionalities. Some MyData operators could also provide personal data storage solutions, others could perform data analytics or work as identity provider. The one requirement for a MyData operator is that it lets individual receive and send data streams according to one interoperable set of standards.

This “MyData” model does a few things that the current data ecosystem does not. It would let you consent to the secondary use of your data. For example, you could take data collected about your purchasing habits by a loyalty card to your favorite grocery store and use it in a personal financial management system to see how you are spending your money on groceries.

It would also let you see and change how you consent to your data being used over time. As things stand we have complicated terms of service agreements where we just check yes or no one time, without being entirely sure what we are agreeing to.

It would also let you take your data from one place to another if you decide to change services.

Right now, the technical solutions exist to let your manage your data according to a MyData approach. There are many other initiatives, emerging out of both the public and private sectors around the world, paving the way for human-centered personal data management. We believe strongly in the need to collaborate with other initiatives in order to develop an infrastructure in a way that works with all the complicated systems at work in the current data landscape.

We’re working with a wide and diverse group of partners to make this work, and to make it right. We are in the midst of developing this technology, piloting it in cooperation with local businesses, and fostering the creation of similar platforms.

Advocates at Open Knowledge Finland have published a white paper on MyData together with the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications. It covers the following topics:

1 – What is MyData?

2 – What are the benefits of MyData?

3 – Why is MyData an infrastructure level approach?

4 – How does MyData approach work in practice?

5 – Why is MyData focused on consents?

6 – Why should companies be interested in MyData?

7 – How does MyData help me manage my privacy?

8 – What are the next steps?

9 – Give me some examples!

Read it here.


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Janette Fennell, President & Founder, 415-336-9279,
Amber Rollins, Director, 913-732-2792,
Sue Auriemma, 516-721-2664,
PETA joins to Urge Congress to Pass the HOT CARS Act to Save Children and Pets from Perishing in Hot Cars
With Summer Coming to an End, Families’ Routines Will Change Leaving Child and Pet Care-Givers Susceptible to Inadvertent Memory Lapses - A Technological Solution Would Prevent Needless Tragedies
With the busy travel weekend of Labor Day upon us and the beginning of school and new routines starting, welcomes the new support of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) for the Helping Overcome Trauma for Children Alone in Rear Seats Act (HOT CARS Act of 2017, H.R. 2801 / S. 1666 ).
PETA joins 38 other leading public health, consumer and safety organizations and 11 animal care groups  in urging Congress to pass a bill that would protect children and animals from perishing of heatstroke inside motor vehicles. By passing the HOT CARS Act, Congress could save the lives of children, animals, and other vulnerable members of society each year.
The bipartisan HOT CARS Act requires the U.S. Department of Transportation to issue a final rule requiring new cars to be equipped with a system to alert drivers who might unknowingly leave children or pets in the car. This type of technology is already available today.

“PETA is as passionate about protecting animals as we are about protecting children. By joining forces, we can make sure 2018 is the year Congress puts a stop to these needless deaths,” said Janette Fennell, president and founder of

PETA will mobilize its network of millions of animal rights supporters through an action alert (going live at Noon today) asking activists to urge Congress to pass the HOT CARS Act, so that not another year of deaths goes by without this simple, life-saving solution.

“This summer alone, at least 36 children and 44 dogs have died in hot car infernos, and the deadly trend is showing no signs of abating," says PETA President Ingrid Newkirk. "PETA is helping champion this important bill in the hope that it will result in concrete measures being taken to counteract these tragic, painful, and wholly preventable deaths,” said Ingrid Newkirk, president and cofounder of PETA.
Every year, children, people with disabilities, and animals perish from heatstroke inside motor vehicles. Much like children, whose body temperature rises 3-5 times faster than adults, dogs lack the ability to effectively regulate their body temperatures, making them extremely vulnerable to heatstroke. This is especially the case in cars, where the greenhouse effect can cause the interior temperature to quickly rise to deadly levels within minutes. It becomes a recipe for disaster when a child or animal is trapped inside a hot vehicle.

The bill is sponsored by Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) and Roger Wicker (R-MS) in the Senate and Reps. Tim Ryan (D-OH), Peter King (R-NY) and Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) in the House.
Senator Blumenthal (D-CT) commented, “I introduced this bill to prevent hot car tragedies that claim the lives of dozens of American children each year, but requiring simple sensor technology would save the lives of pets as well. My bill would ensure this technology is standard in every car sold in the United States—a commonsense, basic step to prevent catastrophe. It can take mere minutes on a hot day for a car to turn into a deathtrap for a child or pet, and I am grateful to PETA for their efforts to raise awareness and build support for this lifesaving legislation.”
Congressman Ryan (D-OH) said, “I want to thank PETA for their support of this important legislation. No child or pet should endure the tragedy of dying while trapped in a hot vehicle. Our cars can already alert drivers when they leave their keys in the car, their lights on, or their trunk open – none of which are life-threatening. It is not unusual for the government to mandate safety features to protect lives. Cars are mandated to have seat belts, interior trunk-releases, and rear backup cameras. Our legislation would move us one step closer to getting this inexpensive technology in every car on the road to help save the lives of children and animals nationwide.”
Congresswoman Schakowsky (D-IL) stated, “As this blisteringly hot summer continues, it is more important now than ever to address the growing epidemic of hot cars, which has already claimed 36 lives this year. The threat of locked cars and high temperatures threatens not only babies and young children, but also our beloved pets. As a proud dog owner and an active member of the Congressional Animal Protection Caucus, I am very pleased to welcome PETA and their members to the fight to end hot car deaths. I am eager to work with them as well as to make these preventable tragedies a thing of the past.”

Over 870 children have died in hot cars in the U.S. since 1990 according to
To learn more about dangers to children and pets in cars, visit
Founded in 1996, is the only national nonprofit child safety organization dedicated solely to preventing injuries and deaths of children in and around vehicles. promotes awareness among parents, caregivers and the general public about the dangers to children, including backover and frontover incidents, underage driving and vehicular heatstroke. The organization works to prevent tragedies through data collection, education and public awareness, policy change and survivor advocacy.