text:
Captives of the Mind

Addiction, depression, self-harm, hypochondria—all share a common cause, says a new view of mental distress.

By David R. Kessler M.D., published May 2, 2016 - last reviewed on June 10, 2016

Illustration by Matt Dorfman

He left more than a dozen lamps burning in his workroom. They shone upon the desk, and on the unfinished manuscript neatly stacked on top of it. Next to the manuscript was a two-page letter. This was the scene on the evening David Foster Wallace hanged himself. Wallace’s 2008 suicide at the age of 46 devastated the literary community. He was, at the time, acclaimed as the boldest, most innovative writer of his generation. His novel Infinite Jest was widely lauded by critics and thought to have redefined postmodern American fiction. The manuscript on the desk, which he despaired of ever completing, would be published posthumously as The Pale King. Though it was fragmentary, the novel contained some of his best work, many came to believe. Despite Wallace’s frustration with his inability to complete the book, in some ways his life had never been better. He had married four years earlier and was comfortably settled in California, with a teaching job he loved. Why, then, did he take his own life?

It’s not that Wallace’s suicide came as a surprise to anyone who knew him well. He had been troubled since adolescence: brilliant, yet stricken with self-doubt and, at times, a paralyzing self-awareness. As a young man, he depended on alcohol and marijuana to dampen his constant anxiety. He had come close to suicide before, and in his fiction he had written of the state of mind that drives one to that abyss. Yet he had also tried to save himself. He had been prescribed antidepressants in college and continued taking them throughout the rest of his life. At the time of his death, he was a dedicated member of Alcoholics Anonymous, having successfully left behind both alcohol and marijuana years before. Though prone to fits of anger and reclusive behavior, he fought his self-destructive impulses and sought community with his fellow AA members, devoted students, and literary colleagues.

The questions remain: Why would someone who struggled so long not just to stay alive but also to stay vital and connected end his life so violently? Why would someone with such recognized talent choose not to go on? What was it that was beyond the grasp of his clearly formidable intellect and will? What was the underlying cause of the depression that governed Wallace’s deep unhappiness? “Depression” is a label used to describe a group of symptoms. It is not a cause.

From childhood on, Wallace wanted to be exempt from the ordinary. He wanted to excel—first as a student, and later as a writer—and he wanted others to recognize his genius. Yet, as soon as he succeeded—if he earned an A-plus or received critical acclaim—he grew uneasy, and then despairing. He wanted to be a good person, but suspected something crooked about the way in which he’d achieved success, something false in himself.

Those closest to Wallace recall that this inner conflict developed in boyhood. From a very young age, Wallace was bent on impressing his parents, two highly intellectual people with their own rigorous standards. His father, James, was a dedicated academic who, with a quiet passion, worked on the same set of difficult philosophical problems for decades. His mother, Sally, was a professor of English at Parkland College, a community college in Illinois, and a commanding presence in the household. She loved wordplay and the sounds of certain phrases. She was also fiercely passionate about grammar, and in 1980 she wrote a textbook called Practically Painless English, designed to teach grammar and composition in a lighthearted manner. She shared these interests with her young children; Wallace responded enthusiastically. The two would make private jokes to each other, playing with the meaning and spelling of words. “He really did seem so badly to want to make my parents proud of him,” his sister, Amy, told me. “He thought that my parents didn’t appreciate how intelligent he was.”

Illustration by Matt Dorfman

Contradictory impulses—yearning for greatness yet feeling like a fake with every new achievement—pushed him further into himself. He wrote about the phenomenon in his short story “Good Old Neon,” in which an advertising executive describes his own suicide posthumously: “The more time and effort you put into trying to appear impressive or attractive to other people, the less impressive or attractive you felt inside—you were a fraud. And the more of a fraud you felt like, the harder you tried to convey an impressive or likable image of yourself so that other people wouldn’t find out what a hollow, fraudulent person you really were.”

Occasionally Wallace worked double-time in order to bend reality to meet his fears, employing a kind of metalogic reminiscent of his fiction. “A lot of his criticism wasn’t that he was stupid in the whole bell curve of the population, but that what he was really good at was pretending to be really smart,” the novelist Mark Costello told me about his old friend and college roommate. “The way Dave kept self-pessimism alive was by creating this other narrative where he said, ‘Well, actually, what I am is . . . a false sort of smart.’ ”

Wallace was haunted by the “fraudulence paradox,” as he called it in “Good Old Neon.” As an adult, he was always on high alert, always sensitive to signs of the beguiling impostor that, though he must have known exists in all of us, he could not allow for in himself. He once scribbled in the margin of a book, “Grandiosity- the constant need to be, and be seen as, a superstar.” Something about this notion stuck and became a reflexive thought—one that made him feel very bad—when he encountered something that threatened his sense of credibility.

David Foster Wallace:  The writer had his own way of "fracturing reality." As he once said, "Whatever you get paid attention for is never what you think is most important about yourself."

And any number of things could threaten his sense of credibility: critical praise, academic success, romantic attention, somebody laughing at his jokes. These were all land mines and, prompted by them, Wallace felt an immediate split between how he was perceived and who he really was. In such moments, his life became a lonely performance. Everything else receded into the background. The feeling encompassed him more strongly each time he experienced it, gaining traction in his mind.

Depression involves a continual focus on negative thoughts, experiences, memories, and feelings to the exclusion of all else. As a person narrows his or her attention, focusing on only the most negative stimuli, the mind slowly devours itself. This process seemed to be particularly true for Wallace. It is impossible to know just how, and in how many ways, he was gripped by self-doubt, but it seems fair to say that he was seized by his self-destructive refrain. He knew it, but felt powerless to change it. “What goes on inside,” he wrote in “Good Old Neon,” “is just too fast and huge and all interconnected for words to do more than barely sketch the outlines of at most one tiny little part of it at any given instant.”

For more than two decades, I have researched the ways in which certain substances—specifically, tobacco and food—come to influence and, in some cases, control our actions. What most fascinates me is how these substances seem to override both reason and will, directing our thoughts, feelings, and behavior, apparently without our consent. Nobody ever decides he’s going to smoke 780,000 cigarettes over the course of a lifetime—people think they’re going to try smoking once, or perhaps a few times, to see what it is like. We don’t want to eat until we feel sick, but many of us do it anyway. What else, I wondered, could exert such control over our thoughts and actions? Is it possible that the same biological mechanism that selectively controls our attention and drives us to chain-smoke or overeat—in other words, to behave in ways that are not beneficial to our well-being—is also responsible for a range of emotional suffering?

After years of research, I have come to the conclusion that there is, in fact, a common mechanism underlying many of our emotional struggles and mental illnesses. Simply put: A stimulus—a place, a thought, a memory, a person—takes hold of our attention and shifts our perception. Once our attention becomes increasingly focused on this stimulus, the way we think and feel, and often what we do, may not be what we consciously want. I have termed this mechanism “capture.” Capture underlies many forms of human behavior, though its effects may be detrimental or beneficial.

Viewing our behavior through this lens helps explain the power that capture has over us when it drives us to destructive impulses. The theory of capture is composed of three basic elements: narrowing of attention, perceived lack of control, and change in affect, or emotional state. When something commands our attention in a way that feels uncontrollable and, in turn, influences our behavior, we experience capture.

But capture entails more than just that initial marshaling of our attention. Capture changes our mood by evoking memory or imagination, desire or fear. When I am captured, I think that the person calling my name in a certain tone is not simply saying my name but offering an implicit criticism or personal slight that makes me feel insecure or anxious; soon, it is all I can think about.

Illustration by Matt Dorfman

Capture seizes our attention quietly. We may sense a mental shift, but we do not understand where it comes from. The experience occurs outside our conscious control, and we surrender to it before we perceive it. It is the result of something—an idea, sensation, person—that comes to dominate our minds, thrusting aside all else and occupying the center of our consciousness. Cues that are associated with the source of capture can become as significant as the source itself, whether a perfume scent or a song, the sound of a helicopter or the sight of a fire truck, a good grade on a test or the prospect of making a speech. Even the briefest encounter with one of these cues can narrow our attention and affect the way we feel.

When we are drawn to a particular stimulus, we act in response to a feeling or need aroused by it. Every time we respond, we strengthen the neural circuitry that prompts us to repeat these actions. As we continue to react in the same ways to the same stimulus over time—thereby sensitizing the learning, memory, and motivational circuitry of our brains—we create emotional and behavioral patterns. Our thoughts, feelings, and actions begin to arise automatically. What started as a pleasure becomes a need; what was once a bad mood becomes continual self-indictment; what was once an annoyance becomes persecution. This process of neural sensitization occurs, and grows stronger, over the course of a lifetime. It becomes increas-ingly difficult to resist its pull. Eventually, what captures us can become so concentrated and overwhelming that, in its most drastic forms, it feels as if we are being driven by something outside our control.

What is clear from my conversations with Wallace’s parents, however, is their penetrating awareness of the negative loop in which their son was caught. No matter what his success, either personal or professional, Wallace filtered out everything that reflected well on him and took in everything that could be construed badly. This kind of detrimental filtering can only lead to crushing self-doubt. In this heartbreaking life, a self-perpetuating spiral led to suicide. In other instances, it can lead to self-harm of different kinds, or to violence against others, even homicide.

I asked Steve Bunney, professor emeritus of psychiatry at Yale, about the nature of Wallace’s pain. Why does this feeling become crippling for some people but not for others? “For someone like Wallace, in the simplest form, it is about a disconnect between the person you want to be and the person you perceive yourself to be,” Bunney posited. “There is a feeling of losing control. If you don’t have control, then that’s when you can get into trouble—whether you have anxiety or depression or whatever, because that can be a threat to your very existence. Suicidal people feel there is no other way to escape from the negative thoughts and feelings. One of the paradoxes of suicide is that it becomes the last and only way that a person can exert control.”

Bunney pointed out that it’s not uncommon for successful people from all walks of life to feel a similar kind of distress. Research has shown that highly accomplished people often report the feeling of being a fraud. Many successful people grow concerned, as Wallace did, that if people really knew them, they’d realize they weren’t deserving of their achievements. “So it’s not uncommon—and in some ways it’s useful, I suppose, this self-doubt,” Bunney said. “But it can also become a pathology, dangerous, even fatal if it gets out of control.”

Illustration by Matt Dorfman

Capture is predicated on our ability to selectively attend to specific stimuli. When something grabs our attention, such as when the lights come up on Bruce Springsteen in concert as he counts off the opening notes of “Born to Run,” our neurons respond more vigorously to that particular stimulus than to the push of the crowd around us or the heat in the arena. As Springsteen starts to sing, we focus on specific stimuli because the networks of neurons that allow us to make sense of the world do not respond equally to everything in our environment. Rather, they permit us to distinguish between what matters more or less at a given moment, what is out of place or what is threatening—and to channel our attention in the appropriate direction. This is called selective attention; it is the gateway to awareness.

So many objects fall within our visual field that we cannot process all of them at once: There are simply too many stimuli competing for our attention at all times. We use the mechanism of selective attention to amplify neuronal signals so that certain stimuli become more insistent—or we inhibit signals that we do not need to consider.

Whatever we are paying attention to at a given moment (whether an external stimulus, such as food, or an internal stimulus, such as self-doubt or regret) initially resides in working memory— short-term memory, essentially a mechanism for keeping at hand information we’ve recently learned or experienced. Over time, unless a competing goal redirects our attention, our response eventually becomes so instinctive that our brains no longer mobilize to create a new or different reaction. Our response becomes automatic—and when our response is discordant with our conscious intentions, we feel as if we’re losing control. This loss of control is a key feature of capture.

We are not always conscious of the stimuli that command our focus and, ultimately, come to steer our thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and behavior. A good deal of new learning is implicit, so subtle as to be imperceptible to the conscious mind. If you feel a surge of self-doubt every time you are about to speak publicly, it is very likely that your anxiety is based on a previous response to a similar experience. Subsequent related experiences, or thoughts and feelings that evoked those experiences, allowed this learned response to gain even more traction along the way. This is how we come to develop patterns of behavior and emotional response without being aware of their taking hold.

Always the process of capture begins outside awareness. As capture takes hold and narrows our attention, we may begin to feel as if our thoughts are beyond our control—a sensation that may induce fear or even panic. Alternatively, capture can allow for an experience of flow, the sense that all consciousness is channeled in a single direction in an uninterrupted manner for positive effect.

Illustration by Matt Dorfman

We are all vulnerable to capture; we all need to find meaning in the random flux of stimuli that bombard us at every moment. Yet, for most of us, this susceptibility is offset by our ability to redirect the wanderings of our attention.

David Foster Wallace’s life offers an example of what can happen when capture is directed toward the self: when extreme sensitivity becomes striving perfectionism, which evolves into relentless self-criticism and becomes coupled with an uncanny ability to analyze the flaws in one’s own analysis. Suffering becomes indistinguishable from our frantic attempts to evade it. Wallace was caught by this very loop, which resulted in a despair that ultimately he could not conceive of ever escaping. Yet, swimming upstream through his own torrent of disapproval, Wallace always hoped for more: more achievement, more recognition, more love.

“The fear and the tightening circles, the anxiety, the inability to enjoy things or even to see things or notice them—that was how Dave’s symptoms presented,” Costello explained. “I’ve known people who are depressed, and for them, it is just more like the air goes out of the balloon and they can’t get out of bed. But for Dave, it took the form of racing energy in this sort of negative and circular way. Dave was built to rev at a very, very high level, and his emotional drivers were very closely harnessed by a really powerful intellect, sort of an epical intellect.”

Wallace’s focus rarely shifted from his tormenting thoughts. He felt as though he existed within a “dark world, inside, ashamed, locked in.” What some might view as narcissistic behavior, the torment of an artist seeking praise and perfection, is more accurately understood, in Wallace’s case, as an overwhelming, debilitating sense of anxiety and unhappiness.

There were many times when Wallace was funny, happy, and loving. Yet he was never able to shift his attention away for long from what made him feel bad. He could not, as he once wrote, “perceive any other person or thing as independent of the universal pain...everything is part of the problem.”

Read more about how meditation can help free a captured mind.

David A. Kessler, M.D., is author of Capture: Unraveling The Mystery of Mental Suffering, a former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug  Administration and medical school dean at Yale and  the University of California, San Francisco, where he now teaches.

Facebook image: Nick Starichenko/Shutterstock


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17 Jan 2017

Wildlife World, the innovators and leaders in wildlife conservation products, will be exhibiting again at this year’s Spring Fair in February 2017. Spring Fair is the top gift and home trade show for the retail industry, and Wildlife World will showcase some of its newest products which make ideal gifts for wildlife lovers.

At the forefront of new products is the company’s award-winning robin nester by British television presenter, Simon King. Likely to be a focal point of Wildlife World’s stand, Simon King designed the nester to reflect the preferred habitat of robins with an open fronted nesting spot.

Other wildlife products to be showcased include Wildlife World’s Dewdrop range. Available as a Bird nest box, Bird Feeder, Moth & Insect Habitat or Bee & Bug home, the Dewdrop range moves away from more traditional designs and takes the shape of a teardrop. The company’s newest addition to the collection is the Dewdrop Window Feeder, a transparent design which allows nature lovers to easily watch small birds perching on the box whilst feeding.

The company’s award-winning biomes range will also be on display, including its popular Bee & Bug biome for over-wintering habitats.  Wildlife World’s new and distinctive Solar Night feeder for mammals will also be showcased, a feeding habitat for garden species with a Perspex archway to help keep food drier for longer by preventing rotting.

Wildlife World’s colourful New England Bird Nest box, available in pastel pink, lemon, blue and green, are based on New England beach huts making them a fun addition to any garden. The company’s new Ceramic Petal Feeders will also be launched at the show, a colour cup feeder with decorative petals and a ground spike, designed to be placed in flower borders, lawns, wildlife gardens, pots or planters.

More traditional products designed by Wildlife World will be exhibited at the fair, such as the robin teapot nester, made from frost resistant hi fired ceramic and available in a colourful gift carton. The Dovecote nestbox, another traditional design, has rustic charm and a teardrop pattern shingle roof, making a perfect gift for bird enthusiasts.

Helping to arrest the decline in hedgehog numbers, Wildlife World will debut its newest hedgehog habitat, the Hedgehog Haus. The brushwood shelter has a wooden entrance door to protect the mammals from predators and the house is delivered in a hedgehog decorated gift box. Wildlife World’s Hedgehog care pack will also be featured, containing a hedgehog shelter, Meaty Feast hedgehog food and a hedgehog care guide.

Wildlife World has a strong commitment to wildlife species and the environment and designs and tests all of its products in-house to ensure that they are sustainable and safe for wildlife to use. More about Wildlife World’s range of products and its commitment to the conservation of species will be found on its stand at the Spring Fair.

Further information is available from Wildlife World on 01666 505333, by emailing or by visiting the company’s website at

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Bernard Cornwell, Author . HarperCollins $24.95 (272p) ISBN 978-0-06-000252-7

The traditional military adventure yarn remains alive and well in the capable hands of Cornwell, as his up-from-the-ranks hero, Richard Sharpe, though stuck in the lowly role of regimental quartermaster, finds himself in the thick of the 1807 British campaign to destroy the Danish navy anchored in Copenhagen before the French can seize the ships and pose another invasion threat. As ever, the story starts fast, here with the murder of an English army officer in London by Captain John Lavisser—a traitor working for the French and as vile a villain as any Sharpe has faced—and scarcely lets up until Sharpe's final confrontation with Lavisser during the British bombardment of Copenhagen. Along with the swashbuckling action, Sharpe finds romance with the widowed daughter of Britain's top Danish agent, Astrid Skovgaard, who helps him get over the loss of Grace, the aristocratic young woman he met in his last outing, Sharpe's Trafalgar, but who died in childbirth. Much of the suspense hinges on whether Sharpe will quit the army and remain in Denmark, or persuade Astrid to return with him to England. Unlike Patrick O'Brian, Cornwell doesn't dwell on the details of early 19th-century life, writing in plain prose that neither evokes nor obviously violates period. This is the 18th installment in the Sharpe series (which now covers the years from 1799 to 1821, with a few small gaps). It's anyone's guess how many more are still to come, but Cornwell fans will welcome each and every one. (Jan. 1)

Reviewed on: 12/24/2001
Release date: 01/01/2002
Hardcover - 517 pages - 978-0-7862-4121-7
Peanut Press/Palm Reader - 288 pages - 978-0-06-050421-2
Ebook - 288 pages - 978-0-06-118628-8
Ebook - 288 pages - 978-0-06-179762-0
Mass Market Paperbound - 337 pages - 978-0-00-723515-5
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Today is the birthday of Nollywood actress, Yvonne Jegede and singer Tony Tetuila.

Born August 25, 1983, in Agenebode, Edo state, Nigeria. Yvonne Jegede first featured in 2face's video 'African Queen' in 2004. That same year she made her Nollywood debut when she acted in "Missing Angel".

She studied International Relations at a University in Cyprus. "I am glad to say my 33years on earth has been from grace to another bigger grace. I wake up to blessings, I breathe love, I live a life of Grace, my going out and coming in have always been favoured. I have people love me for no damn reason, even in my imperfections. I've grown in my mind, I'm living like a queen, I don't think I'm anything close to perfect but I have the perfect people love me perfectly. Ps: if you see me PLAYING like a child, know that my age doesn't dwell in my heart," wrote the actress today on her Instagram page.

Nigerian singer, Tony Tetuila is also a birthday boy today.

Tony Tetuila, real name Anthony Olanrewaju Awotoye, is an Afro hip hop artist from Nigeria.

Formerly a member of the defunct group, 'The Remedies' (along with Eedris Abdulkareem and Eddy Montana), he split with the group and went on to have a successful solo career as an artist.

He took to Instagram today wishing himself a happy birthday, "I thank u lord for letting me see another year of my day 25th of August I thank u for the gift of life."

Happy Birthday Yvonne Jegede and Tony Tetuila!


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Byzantine bride-shows: mothers dominate sons in choosing wives

bride show in 19th-century Russia

A seldom-recognized historical antecedent to today’s beauty pageants is bride-shows that occurred early in the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine bride-shows selected from a wide-ranging search the bride for the Emperor or the Emperor’s heir. After becoming Empress, she sometimes went on to rule in her own right. The Byzantine bride-show thus provided a remarkably open opportunity for a woman to gain a place at the top of society.[1] In relation to ordinary person’s lives, Byzantine bride-shows suggest risks in a mother dominating the choice of her son’s wife even in a relatively tolerant society.

Men in pursuing intimate relationships are usually attracted to beautiful women. Today, that preference tends to be disparaged. For being attracted to a woman who was not fat, one young man recently was called bigoted and mean, and he was slapped. At a much higher level of social salience, the Harvard men’s soccer team recently had their whole season canceled because some team members were privately rating the attractiveness of members of the women’s soccer team. Simply stating that young, slender, warmly receptive women are much more sexually attractive than old, fat, bitterly men-hating women is well on its way to becoming a criminal offense in modern, democratic societies.

Compared to such societies, medieval Byzantine society was more tolerant and allowed greater personal freedom. In the fourteenth-century Byzantine romance Belthandros and Chrysantza, the King of Eros ordered Belthandros to select the most beautiful woman from among forty noble women. Belthandros told one that she had “flabby and superfluous flesh.” After she stepped forward for his judgment and stepped back from his rejection, her body was “drenched with much perspiration.” Belthandros rejected other women for having a frigid mind, red and bleary eyes, a unibrow, an improperly proportioned body, bad teeth and hairy hands. The woman Belthandros selected as the most beautiful he described as having fallen from the bosom of the moon:

Her hair is the color of gold and matches her figure. Its thickness is like that of the grass of Paradise or of celery in a garden. All the graces of the world seem to sit upon her and make her their dwelling. Certainly, beyond any doubt, her forehead bears your {the King of Eros’s} imprint of mottled gold. If a man casts a glance at her eyes, they immediately tear at the roots of his heart. In the depths of their lake tiny cupids swim, shoot their arrows and sport. Art created her jet-black eyebrows and with consummate skill made them bridges. The Graces forged the fair one’s nose and to the Graces belong her mouth and her pearly teeth. Her cheeks are rose-red, her lips have the color of nature. Certainly, her mouth is perfumed. Her chin is round in shape, she is tall and her arms are white and delicate, her neck is as from a lathe. Her waist is slender and shows the great skill of the one who fashioned it like a thin reed. As for the angle of her neck and her litheness! Indeed, her body is so perfect in composition that the Graces seem to come from her. Her bosom is a paradise of love. The apples {of her breasts} shine even on a casual glance. Her look and gait are miraculous. When she walks with confidence and glances up and down, she ravishes your senses and tears at discretion. [2]

This description strangely omits the women’s buttocks. Nonetheless, Belthandros and Chrysantza indicates that men in medieval Byzantium had considerable freedom of expression in judging women’s beauty.

The marriage of Sophia of Montferrat and John VIII Palaiologos in Constantinople in 1421 underscores the importance to men of a bride’s appearance. John agreed to marry Sophia, sight unseen, as part of a grand strategy to build a political alliance and gain military aid for Constantinople. However, aspects of Sophia’s appearance turned out to be unpleasant:

The young woman was extremely well-proportioned in body. Her neck was shapely, her hair blondish with braids flowing down to her ankles like glimmering golden streams. Her shoulders were broad and her arms, bosom, and hands well-proportioned. Her fingers were transparent. She was tall in stature and stood very straight — but her face and and lips, the condition of her nose, and the arrangement of her eyes and eyebrows were extremely unpleasant. In general, she may be described in the words of the vulgar adage: “Lent from the front and Easter from behind.” [3]

John never slept with his wife Sophia. After five years of sexless marriage, Sophia returned home and became a nun in the Dominican convent at Trino.

Byzantine mothers recognized men’s interest in women’s beauty. The Emperor’s wife Eudocia in 882 arranged a bride-show for her son Leo. She selected twelve beautiful women from her own native city. She interviewed them and then narrowed the group to three for closer examination:

All the rest she ordered to go home, after she had provided them with many presents and much money. Only these three she took with her to the Palace. Examining them in a bath and finding that the saint {Theophano} by far surpassed the other two in beauty, she dressed her in imperial garments, took her by the right hand and went in to see her husband the Emperor Basil. Throwing her at his feet, she proclaimed her a worthy bride for their son. [4]

At his wife’s behest, the Emperor forced their son Leo to marry Theophano. While Theophano apparently was quite beautiful in the nude, Leo found her unattractive in other ways. He complained, “{I} did not marry her of my own free will, but out of fear of my father, and greatly distressed.”[5] Soon after marrying Theophano, Leo took a mistress. About five years after their marriage, Theophano retired to a convent and lived as a nun. After she died, Leo promptly married his mistress.[6] Even if a mother makes a thorough inspection of a potential wives in a bride-show, her son’s marital pleasure isn’t ensured.

In Byzantine bride-shows, the royal mother dominated the selection of her son’s wife. For example, the Byzantine Empress Irene in 788 organized a bride-show for her eighteen-year-old son Constantine VI. Under her orders, envoys searched across the full expanse of the Empire for suitably beautiful women. The envoys carried an imperial measure, an ideal portrait, and a shoe to evaluate women’s height, facial appearance, and feet.[7] Thirteen promising candidates were brought to the Byzantine capital. Empress Irene and Stauracius, the head of government, reviewed the women. They judged Maria of Amnia to have the most beauty, intelligence, and grace.[8] Constantine VI, however, disliked the choice of Maria of Amnia for his wife. He soon came to hate her. He even claimed that she was trying to poison him. In 795, Constantine sent Maria and her daughters to live in convent. He then remarried in the following year.[9] In remarrying, he presumably chose his own wife.

Men deserve the right to choose freely a beautiful wife according to their own sense of beauty. In four out of the five historically documented Byzantine bride-shows, the mother of the groom organized the bride-show and either chose or effectively rigged what sort of woman became her son’s wife. In the remaining bride-show, the mother couldn’t dominate because she apparently was dead.[10] A leading historian of the Byzantine bride-shows observed:

bride-shows generally served the imperial parents well, even if they served the imperial bride-grooms rather less well. … In most cases the wishes of the bridegrooms were ignored. [11]

Today, parents who understand the extent of anti-men discrimination in family courts might well encourage their sons not to marry. But if a man wants to get married, he should be able to have a bride-show, judge the participants as he considers appropriate, and make his own free choice.

*  *  *  *  *

Read more:

[1] On the historicity of the bride-shows, Treadgold (2004). On women at the top of Byzantine society, see the highly regarded gynocentric scholarship of Judith Herrin, e.g. Herrin (2001) and Herrin (2013). Men’s opportunities to ascend to the top of society are much more tightly circumscribed than women’s are.

Today, beauty pageants privilege women who are already extraordinarily privileged in attractiveness. These beauty pageants are relatively insignificant gynocentric spectacles.

[2] Belthandros and Chrysantza, from Greek trans. Betts (1995) p. 18. The previous short quotes are from id., pp. 15-7. Belthandros went on to marry the woman he selected as most beautiful, but that marriage didn’t follow directly from the beauty pageant.

[3] Doukas (fifteenth-century Byzantine historian), Fall of Constantinople, from Greek trans. Magoulias (1975), quoted and revised by Gilliland Wright (2013) p. 135. The vulgar adage, “Lent from the front and Easter from behind” suggests the frigidity of death and Boccaccio’s sense of the resurrection of the flesh. A current, less cultured version of that adage is, “She’s a butterface {but-her-face}.”

[4] Life of Saint Theophano, excerpt, from Greek trans. Rydén (1985) p. 185. Treadgold (1979) p. 407 provides a similar translation. The Life of Saint Theophano was written after 900 GC, probably by Magister Slocacas, a relative of Theophano. Alexakis (1995).

The bride selection process described in Esther 2:2-18 involved the king sleeping with each candidate successively. That rather modern selection process goes further than having one’s mother inspect naked wife-candidates. Both procedures help to lessen a concern expressed in Theophrastus’s Golden Book on Marriage.

[5] Vita Euthymii, excerpt trans. Treadgold (1979) p. 408.

[6] Theophano died about 897. Leo VI’s mistress and subsequent wife was Zoe Zaoutzaina. She died about 899. Leo then married Eudokia Baïana, who died in 901. Despite strong church opposition, Leo married a fourth time (to Zoe Karbonopsina).

All of Leo’s wives were “immortalized by unofficial sainthood and by imperially sanctioned art.” Gerstel (1997) p. 707. A contemporary commenter related the popular adoration of Theophano to Lucian’s account of Alexander’s attempt to deify his close friend Hephaestion:

the same thing has also happened in our time and everybody is seized by a hysteria characteristic of women so as to proclaim the emperor’s {late wife} Theophano a saint.

Scholiast, attributed to Magistros Slokakas, from Greek trans. Alexakis (1995) p. 47.

[7] The specific characteristics of the imperial measure (βασιλικóν μéτρον), the ideal portrait (λαυρᾶτον), and the shoe (τζαγγιον) aren’t known. The original Greek terms are given in Rydén (1985) p. 175.

[8] Women in the bride-shows were not judged merely on beauty. Treadgold (1979) pp. 409-10. Cf. Vinson (2004) pp. 105, 119: “the winner was chosen solely on the basis of physical appearance”; Byzantine bride shows defined “beauty as the sole measure of a woman’s worth.” Vinson nonetheless declares:

This heart-wrenching disparity between the fictionalised ideal of courtship and the lived reality of elite women should instill in us a healthy sense of caution as we approach the problem of Byzantine bride shows.

Id. p. 105.

[9] For the evidence on the bride-show for Constantine VI, see Treadgold (1979), pp. 397-400, and Rydén (1985), pp. 175-6.  The account of this bride-show indicates the challenges of maintaining solidarity among women:

The merciful man’s granddaughter {Maria of Amnia} suggested to the others, “My sisters, let us make an agreement among ourselves of the kind called sisterhood by adoption that the one of us who becomes empress should take care of the others.” But Gerontianos’ daughter, who was very rich and good-looking, answered, full of conceit, “I know for certain that I am the richest and noblest and best-looking and that the emperor will choose me.” Maria blushed and said no more.

From Nicetas of Amnia, Life of St. Philaretos the Merciful (dated 821/22), from Greek trans. Rydén (1985) p. 175. Rydén (2002) provides a full critical edition. Solidarity among women is more easily maintained in oppressing men.

jury for 1973 Miss Ansterdam beauty pageant

[10] On Stauracius’s mother apparently being dead, Treadgold (1979) p. 409. In three of the five bride-shows, the father was dead. Here’s a table of the bride-show participants and parents. Two facts underscores mothers’ dominance in organizing and running the bride-shows: a mother (Irene) organized the first one, and a mother (Eudocia Ingerina) dominated the bride-show in which the father was also living. Vinson (1999) discusses how bride shows affirmed traditional gender roles.

Having the father run the bride-show, which was less consistent with traditional gender roles, also didn’t serve the son’s interests. Nicephorus I, Stauracius’s father, organized and ran the bride-show for Stauracius in 807. Nicephorus reportedly debauched two participants. He married his son to Theophano, a less beautiful participant. Moreover, Theophano had already been betrothed and had already had sex with her betrothed many times. Treadgold (1979) p. 401.

[11] Treadgold (1979) p. 413, Treadgold (2004) p. 50. Serving to buttress dominate ideology, Vinson declares:

In creating the illusion of romance and equality, the accounts of the Byzantine bride shows conceal the darker truth that their focus on female beauty serves as a means of disempowering the bride and her family and placing the wife under the exclusive control of her husband. The marriages arranged in this manner can thus be seen as a reversion to a type of wedlock common in the old Roman republic

Vinson (2004) p. 120. For nineteenth-century American context relevant to Vinson’s perspective, consider Sanger’s influential work on prostitution and the Crabtree case.

[images] (1) Choosing a Bride for the Grand Duke. Oil on canvas painting by Ilya Repin, 1884-87. Held in the Perm State Art Gallery, Russia. The Grand Duke is probably Grand Duke Nikolay Nikolayevich Romanov of Russia (the Elder, 1831-91). Thanks to Wikimedia Commons; (2) Jury for the 1973 Miss Amsterdam beauty pageant. Dutch National Archives, The Hague, Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANeFo), 1945-1989, Nummer toegang Bestanddeelnummer 926-4364. Thanks to Wikimedia Commons.

Alexakis, Alexander. 1995. “Leo VI, Theophano, a ‘Magistros’ Called Slokakas, and the ‘Vita Theophano’ (BHG 1794).” Byzantinische Forschungen 21 (Stephanos Efthymiadis, Claudia Rapp, and Dimitris Tsougarakis, eds. Bosphorus: Essays in the Honour of Cyril Mango): 45-56.

Betts, Gavin. 1995. Three medieval Greek romances. Garland Library of Medieval Literature, vol. 98. New York: Garland Pub.

Gerstel, Sharon E. J. 1997. “Saint Eudokia and the Imperial Household of Leo VI.” The Art Bulletin. 79 (4): 699-707.

Gilliland Wright, Diana. 2013. “The Brides of 1420: Men Looking at Women’s Bodies.” Ch. 8 (pp. 133-52) in Neil, Bronwen, and Lynda Garland, eds. Questions of gender in Byzantine society. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate,

Herrin, Judith. 2001. Women in purple: rulers of Medieval Byzantium. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Herrin, Judith. 2013. Unrivalled influence: women and empire in Byzantium. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Magoulias, Harry J. trans. 1975. Doukas. Decline and fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

Rydén, Lennart. 1985. “The bride-shows at the Byzantine court: history or fiction?” Eranos: Acta Philologica Suecana. 83(1-2): 175-191.

Rydén, Lennart. 2002. The life of St Philaretos the merciful written by his grandson Niketas: a critical edition with introduction, translation, notes, and indices. Uppsala: Uppsala University Library.

Treadgold, Warren T. 1979. “The Bride-Shows of the Byzantine Emperors.” Byzantion: revue internationale des études byzantines
(Brussels). 49: 395-413.

Treadgold, Warren. 2004. “The Historicity of Imperial Bride-Shows.” Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik. 54: 39-52.

Vinson, Martha. 1999. “The life of Theodora and the rhetoric of the Byzantine bride show.” Jahrbuch Der Österreichischen Byzantinistik. 49: 31-60.

Vinson, Martha. 2004. “Romance and reality in the Byzantine bride shows.” Ch. 6 (pp. 102-20) in Brubaker, Leslie, and Julia M. H. Smith, eds. Gender in the early medieval world: East and West, 300-900. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

8 thoughts on “Byzantine bride-shows: mothers dominate sons in choosing wives”

    1. Thanks. As I replied, I have accepted George J. Papadopoulos spelling correction “βασιλικόν μέτρον (not βασιλιχóν μéτρον) and τζαγγίον (not τζαγχιον)” and incorporated it above. I certainly respect the highly learned, socially conscious readership of A Voice for Men.

  1. So, if marrying a person you find attractive is the key to a perfect marriage and bliss forever after, why didn’t Henry VIII’s marriages to Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn end happily?

    Same thing for Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots; Phillip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad; Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria; Napoleon and Josephine; Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei; Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France; Tsar Alexander II and Marie of Hesse and by Rhine; Alexander I of Serbia and Draga Mašin; Xenia Alexandrovna Romanova and Alexander Mikhailovich Romanov…

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About Us

Our Mission

To inspire our members to become the best version of themselves.

Our core values

Core values are seen as the essence of corporate culture and the verbalization of a company’s personality. We recognize that our values are fundamental to the decision making of the organization and our resulting success.

Personal: We hold each member of the Pursuit family in high regard and take pride in knowing what makes them unique on a physical and emotional level. Creating relationships with our members and team is vital to understanding and being able to meet people where they are so that we lead them down the right path to success.

United: We are better together than we are on our own. We create opportunities to connect our members so that they have a community of peers to support them as well as our coaches.  As a team, we depend on each team member’s input to become the best at what we do.

Reliable: We do what we say we are going to do and stand by our promise to support and hold our members accountable to their goals. As a team we depend on each person fulfilling their role in order for us to accomplish our mission and we count on everyone executing to get the job done.

Strive: We are never complacent in our pursuit of knowledge and improvement. We seek out personal and professional growth in order to be our best selves, as well as to impart knowledge that will help members for the rest of their lives. If something can be made better we do not hesitate to take action and are not afraid of change.

Unique: We are more than just a workout. We go above and beyond what is expected of us to create a remarkable experience and do things that other gyms wouldn’t do.

Empower:  We empower our members to realize their true potential and achieve more than they thought they were capable of achieving. Our goal is for our members to believe in themselves as much as we believe in them.

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Conergy launches own power consumption solution

In spring, Conergy started the first Germany-wide own power consumption pilot project. After positive feedback, it has brought two new products to the consumer market: the Conergy VisionBox and the Conergy SunReader Portal.

According to the company, numerous test customers have so far experienced the own power consumption solution from Hamburg. We are extremely satisfied with the experiences so far, comments Norbert Apfel, managing director of Conergy Germany.

The project shows two big advantages of the conscious handling of the own energy consumption. First, there is a monetary advantage since, thanks to the VisionBox, many testers were immediately able to exceed the 30 percent threshold and thus benefit from higher subsidies and an attractive return. And second, the more intelligent handling of the produced energy at peak load times as well as the better utilization of the grid both of which support further the use of renewable energy sources.

Conergy says the new Renewable Energy Law (EEG) greatly strengthened own power consumption. Since this July, if homeowners utilize their own solar power, they receive approximately 3.6 cents more per kilowatt-hour than those who regularly feed-in solar energy. The trick, explains the company, is exceeding the 30 percent threshold of ones own power consumption share, in order to receive eight cents more for the portion above than for the regular feed-in.

It says this means that own power consumption is already profitable from the first kilowatt-hour from an individuals own roof system.

In a statement, the company explains: The Conergy VisionBox states on its touch screen how much energy the system is producing at the time and at the same time states how much electricity is being consumed by the household. The SunReader portal provides an even more detailed analysis. This enables customers to maximize their own power consumption share and thereby to exceed the 30 percent threshold  without having to purchase additional and expensive electricity from the grid during peak load times during the day.

The SunReader internet portal reportedly reads off all the relevant detailed information via a LAN connection and makes it available in real time  including the financial income. Conergy states that the portal provides up to the minute analyses of all the data and prepares graphs  from the power volumes generated by the roof system through to direct consumption.

It adds that diagrams show how much of this power is consumed directly by the customer and how much has been fed in  on that specific day and since commissioning of the solar power system. Additionally, it says customers can see the monetary amounts generated, the tariff and any electricity procurement costs, the CO2 savings as well as the energy consumed overall by the household.


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Deals strategy

Helping you develop growth strategies, execute deals and drive long-term value creation

Identify, evaluate and execute on growth opportunities

We’ll provide you with the support you need for your major strategic decisions—whether you’re thinking about an organic growth strategy, a mergers and acquisitions (M&A) strategy, market entry, international expansion or disposal.

Our work combines strategic insight, rigorous analysis and in-depth expertise with access to our network of industry specialists, local knowledge and resources.

How we can help

Get aligned on the right strategic priorities

Identify growth opportunities that will generate superior returns. We’ll work with you to help you develop or refine your growth strategy—understand your market and competitive dynamics and define your approach to M&A.

We’ll help you screen and evaluate M&A targets to identify those that can increase your share of market, extend your share of wallet and/or acquire core assets and capabilities.

Uncover the commercial risks and upsides of a deal

We specialize in commercial due diligence, and we’ll help you assess the commercial aspects of your deal—including market attractiveness, competitive positioning and customer satisfaction.

With our insights, you’ll be able to challenge the revenue forecast underpinning the opportunity and uncover potential upsides, so you can pursue the best deal opportunities with confidence.

Some of the key tools we use include data and analytics, voice of the customer through phone interviews, quantitative surveys and interviews with industry specialists.

We often work in conjunction with our financial and operational due diligence teams, leveraging the efficiency of all working from the same data set. In such situations our findings are based on integrated views across all aspects of the transaction.

Develop a strategy to increase value

Whether you want to grow a company you’ve just acquired or kick-start growth at a maturing business that’s facing disruption, we can work with you to develop or refine a granular strategy that will help your business achieve sustainable growth.

Give your stakeholders confidence that targets are set and can be met, and give management focus and direction.

We’ll help you set your business ambition, generate and evaluate key initiatives, identify options to fill gaps and deliver your plan. Your plan may include turnaround strategy, international growth strategy or market entry strategy.

Increase your enterprise value on exit and reduce disruption through the sales process

We understand the strategic and commercial questions potential buyers will ask. So we can help you prepare your business for sale by helping management develop their future strategy and business plans supporting it.

Our independent approach helps seller management identify upside potential and mitigate risks and present them in an effective way. This provides bidders with greater confidence in the go-forward strategy, supporting the seller value proposition and increasing sale value.

Contact us

Charles Losa

Partner, Deals Strategy Leader

Tel: +1 416 687 8619

Rami El-Cheikh

Partner, National Pharma & Life Sciences Leader

Tel: +1 647 669 4555

Michael Kamel

Partner, Deals

Tel: 514 205 3976


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Global technology IPO review: Full year and Q4 2017

The global tech IPO market closed 2017 with recovery and hope for resurgent 2018

The global tech IPO market rebounds after a depressed 2016 performance

The global tech IPO market bounced back in 2017 after a lackluster 2016.With 100 technology IPOs in the year, 2017 volume increased 85% year over year. Resurgence in the US market and the consistently strong performance of the Asian markets pulled up the numbers for the year. Year-on-year proceeds surged 168% driven by large IPOs.

Learn more

China maintains its lead with the highest number of listings

The US IPO market picked up pace in 2017 after a dull 2016. Despite a year-over-year increase of 50% in terms of listing and 351% in terms of proceeds, the year remained comparatively flat to 2015. The number of listings in the US have decreased compared to China. However, new measures are being outlined to make it easier for US companies to go public. After a grim 2016, the UK market welcomed two technology IPOs in 2017. Europe, excluding the UK, with US$4,328 million in proceeds, saw its best year. China led the year with 51 IPOs, up 168% year on year. Year 2017 also witnessed a rise in terms of proceeds by 73% and 241% compared to 2015 and 2016.

Learn more

Internet software & services remains the best-performing sector since 2011

The internet software & services segment led the year in terms of proceeds and volume. The sector had some of the largest IPOs of the year. However, the sector performance declined by 22% in terms of volume and increased 59% in proceeds compared to 2016. The Electronic and the Semiconductors subsectors had their best years in the last six years in terms of proceeds and volume.

Learn more

Contact us

Wilson Chow

Global and China/Hong Kong TMT Leader, PwC China

Tel: +[86] (755) 8261 8886

Jianbin Gao

China TMT Leader and Private Equity Group Central China Leader, PwC China

Tel: +[86] (21) 2323 3362

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Where are you at with your super?

  • Home
  • 2018 Federal Budget: Super changes that may affect you

2018 Federal Budget: Super changes that may affect you

The Government’s 2018 Budget contained a range of amendments to super which are designed to protect low balance super accounts and encourage retirement savings.

Making default insurance opt-in

 Default insurance will move to an opt-in basis for members:

  • with a balance less than $6,000; or
  • who are under 25; or
  • whose accounts have not received a contribution in 13 months and are inactive.

These members will have a period of 14 months (starting from 1 July 2019) to decide whether they will opt-in to their existing default cover or allow it to cancel automatically.

Account fees

From 1 July 2019 there will be a cap on fees (including administration and investment fees) for accounts with balances of less than $6,000. These will be capped at 3% of the account balance annually. In addition to this, exit fees will be removed so members will be able to transfer their superannuation freely without this additional cost.

Small and inactive accounts

Superannuation funds will be required to transfer all inactive superannuation accounts with a balance of less than $6,000 to the ATO.

Work test exemption for recent retirees

The government will introduce an exemption from the work test for voluntary contributions to superannuation, for people aged 65-74 with superannuation balances below $300,000, in the first year that they do not meet the work test requirements.

Currently, the work test restricts the ability to make voluntary superannuation contributions for those aged 65-74 to individuals who self-report as working a minimum of 40 hours in any 30 day period in the financial year.

The work test exemption will apply from 1 July 2019 and is intended to give recent retirees additional flexibility to get their financial affairs in order in the transition to retirement.

Pension Work Bonus

From 1 July 2019 the earning cap for the Pension Work Bonus will increase from $250 to $300 per fortnight to allow pensioners to earn up to a maximum of $7,800 without impacting their pension (an additional $1,300 per year). This measure will also include self-employed retirees.

QIEC Super is here to help

Please note that these are proposed changes only and have not yet been passed by Parliament. QIEC Super will keep you informed if and when these proposed changes are legislated.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss how the above measures impact you, please contact QIEC Super on 1300 360 507 or info@qiec.com.au.


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Free Band Night w/ StellaRising

  • Queen Park Social 4125 Yancey Road Charlotte, NC, 28217 United States (map)

Kickoff your weekend at Queen Park Social's Band Night with StellaRising! FREE! No cover, just a damn good time!

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Earlier Event: December 31
Retro New Year's Eve Party
Later Event: January 11
Free Band Night w/ WaterWorks


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Awesome Salsa Dancing at The Atrium

Views:5022|Rating:5.00|View Time:2:12Minutes|Likes:18|Dislikes:0
Incredible dancing from this couple. I have not seen many female followers who can keep up with this male follower, the Prince of Salsa.

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10 Responses

  1. Rajat Gupta says:

    AMAZING!!Particularly when the guy took multiple turns like a spinning top! It was mind blowing

  2. zfrog4 says:

    @Prince738 : My sincere condolences. This is very sad.

  3. Hiram says:

    God rest your soul Yen.

  4. Michele2luv says:

  5. upyorez says:

    Nefertiti Brown

  6. upyorez says:

    Nefertiti Brown

  7. upyorez says:

    Nefertiti Brown

  8. Hiram says:

    Ahh, thats not a she it's a he they are salsa partners very nice people amazing dancers. I enjoy going to the Atrium in NJ more then any other place around the area.
    (saludo from Jersey)

  9. Fernando Solano says:

    The girl is outstanding! In 0:11 you can see that the girl is used to the guy's moves.

  10. NeonSunset23 says:

    whoa that ice skating spin was awesome.

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What Should I Paint?

Wondering what you should paint next? Debating whether it should be a sunset or a gorgeous night sky? Take this entertaining quiz and get your answer right away!

Answer these questions about your style of painting, and your personality, and get a recommendation for what you should paint next! Don't you want to know?

This test is not based on any scientific study whatsoever. It is intended for fun only so do not treat the result too seriously :)

Do not think about the answers too long. If you think you answered incorrectly, you can always go back to any question and change your answer.

Enjoy and share

At the end of the quiz we will give you the result. You can share it with your friends :)

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What Should I Paint?

Maybe you would love to paint something gothic, like a cathedral. Maybe you're less spooky, and would prefer to paint rich, tropical foliage? Find out what you should paint next by taking this quiz!

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Raleigh Electric Cadent iE Step Over - 2018

Raleigh Electric Cadent iE Step Over
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This manufacturer currently prefers that we only sell this item in our retail store. Please visit us soon.

The Cadent iE boasts many of the same features found on the best European, high-speed trekking electric bikes. Top on the list is the 28mph assisted top speed, making it a Class-3 e-bike. The custom structural fenders, integrated Euro-style rear rack, bright 50 AXA lights and subtle, reflective graphics all add to its practicality, safety, and style. To lend an extra measure of comfort and control, it sports a RockShox Paragon suspension fork and begs the question; why take the car? Take the Cadent.

Drive System TranzX M16 Center Mount 350W, Throttle Compatible
Display TranzX info screen
Battery Type/Weight 417Wh DT Mounted
Max. Assisted Speed 28mph
Range 16mi/26km to 35mi/56km
Frame Fully Formed Lightweight Aluminum Alloy 6061 T6, Nested DT Battery
Fork Rockshox Paragon, Solo Air, 65mm Travel
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Hubs Front: VP Modus, Sealed Bearing, W/ QR
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Spokes Stainless
Tires 700X50c Schwalbe Big Apple
Crankset Forged Alloy for TranzX System
Chainrings Formed Spider, 42tooth w/ chainguard
Chain KMC x10ePT Ebike Specific
Rear Derailleur Shimano Deore SGS
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Handlebars Raleigh Aluminum Alloy
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22 Mar 2017

Key bows out with no regrets

5:34 am on 22 March 2017

John Key says he hates to "shatter everyone's illusions", but there was no scandal behind his decision to quit as prime minister late last year.

Mr Key will give his valedictory speech today, marking the end of eight years in the prime minister's chair, and said he would leave with no regrets.

He will leave Parliament for good on 14 April.

In a wide-ranging interview with RNZ, Mr Key talked about unfinished business, superannuation and the rumours that have been swirling about why he made the decision to leave.

"I hate to shatter everyone's illusion... There is no scandal," he said.

"I often say to people it's unusual because no one does it.

"It was a really hard call - I really sat there for about a year and thought long and hard and sometimes I'd say, 'Yes I'm going to do it,' and then two weeks later I'd think, 'Maybe I shouldn't do this.'"

After nearly a decade as leader he had "done everything, I'd been everywhere", Mr Key said.

"I just sort of felt I don't know whether it will look like I'm hanging on because I want the job, rather than because I believe I can make a difference."

Mr Key said he intended to accept the $51,000 per annum payment former prime ministers receive for the rest of their lives, though he did not know yet what he would do with it.

"Inevitably I'll either have some expenses or make some donations and things over time; I don't have a set plan for it at the moment."

People who had served in positions like prime minister and governor-general should get some financial support once they left their roles, he said.

"I don't say this purely as a matter of self-interest, but I think there's an argument we're not that generous.

"[Former Australian Prime Minister] John Howard has an office, he has staff, he still to this day has a driver and some kind of protection. That's true in Canada, that's true everywhere else."

Prime Minister Bill English has signalled the possibility of a knighthood for Mr Key in the Queen's Birthday honours list.

When he was sworn-in last year, Mr English quipped, "It's not as if he's never asked," when asked about a knighthood for his predecessor.

Yesterday, Mr English was hardly pouring cold water on the idea.

"He's been a very successful prime minister, others have been recognised, and I'm sure he will be."

One area in which Mr English quickly differentiated himself from Mr Key was by flagging an increase in the age of entitlement for superannuation - in 20 years' time.

Mr Key said it had been right for him as prime minister to stick to his guns and not change the age.

He did not feel there was any implied criticism of his own stance after Mr English changed the National Party's position, he said.

"Bill's always going to be a bit different from me and that's a really positive thing.

"To give you a golf analogy - we're all playing the same game but with a slightly different style and a slightly different swing."

The Kermadecs marine sanctuary and the flag referendum were two issues he thought he could have handled better.

The government is still negotiating with Māori over the proposed sanctuary and Mr Key said he was surprised by the response.

"We were just so convinced everyone would think it was a good idea we never, ever thought Māori would somehow think it was a bad idea."

Changing the flag was about trying to make New Zealand more successful and confident, he said.

He tried to present the campaign in a neutral way, he said.

"So yeah, it was a little bit disappointing."

National voters were more resistant to changing the flag but in the end they "closed their eyes" and backed him by voting for a change.

"But there were always going to be some people who found it a step too far for whatever reason, the history, the RSA position... and so in a lot of ways I really needed Labour and the Greens to want it."

Mr Key said he would be taking it pretty easy for the rest of the year, but was lining up some "blue chip" company boards to sit on.

He was in no rush to get back into a hectic professional lifestyle, he said.

"I'm in an unusual place for a former leader - normally they're either a little grizzly that they got kicked out or lost an election or something but because I did neither I kind of feel like a decade as National leader and eight years as prime minister, about the right time."

The transition had been "amazingly smooth" and he had 100 percent confidence in Bill English, he said.

"And I think you can see those numbers just rolling out of me, to Bill and into the party."

He did not wake up in the morning with any regrets, he said.

"I don't think, 'Oh gosh, I wish I was there,' but equally I don't wake up and think, 'I wish I hadn't been there.' I'm just really happy with what I've done."

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Ramsbottom Dental Care

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We are delighted to welcome you to our family run dental surgery in the beautiful village of Ramsbottom.

Johan and Ronette have furthered their education in different fields of dentistry to provide our patients with a complete care approach. With 40 years of combined knowledge and experience we try to design the best treatment solution to suit our patients. This can be as simple as routine care or as complex as implant treatment, orthodontic treatment, cosmetic treatment or facial rejuvenation.

Visiting your dentist is a very personal and invasive experience. We feel it is important to build a good and continuous relationship with our patients. We are very caring and sympathetic and enjoy building a long-term relationship with them.

Book Your Appointment

Opening Hours

Monday: 9:00am - 5:30pm
Tuesday: 9:00am - 5:30pm
Wednesday: 9:00am - 6:00pm
Thursday: 9:00am - 5:30pm
Friday: 9:00am - 1:00pm

Away from home helpline (Dental Plan Patients Only):

UK: 0800 525631
Abroad: +44 1747 820841

01706 829201

9-11 Peel Brow


text:
Vulnerability & Exploit Database

Back to search

USN-2758-1: PHP vulnerabilities

Severity CVSS Published Added Modified
8 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) September 30, 2015 October 01, 2015 March 21, 2018

The SoapClient __call method in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.45, 5.5.x before 5.5.29, and 5.6.x before 5.6.13 does not properly manage headers, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted serialized data that triggers a "type confusion" in the serialize_function_call function.

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Rare Books London - London's festival of old and rare books – June 2019

June 2019

Book Fairs

Book Fairs
Sunday 2 June 11am - 4pm (10am entry for members with membership cards)

Ephemera Society Fair

A window into the past for both the curious and the collector — find rare, unusual and historic paper items, priced from £2 to over £2000. A huge range of ephemera will be on display. The fairs will be on for one day only so make a note in your diary now!

Entry £3

Holiday Inn London Bloomsbury, Coram Street, London WC1N 1HT
Book Fairs
Thursday 6th June 12noon - 7pm and Friday 7th 10am - 7pm

PBFA London International Premier Book Fair

Over 90 book dealers from the UK, Europe and US will be offering books, maps, prints, photographs, manuscripts and printed ephemera with prices to suit book hunters and large and small.

ILEC Conference Centre
Book Fairs
Friday 7th June 12pm - 8pm Saturday 8th June 11am - 7pm Sunday 11th June 11am - 8pm

Firsts – London’s Rare Book Fair

The ABA’s annual flagship event and one of the most prestigious rare books fairs in the world, will be staged in beautiful Battersea Park. This major three-day event is one of the largest and most prestigious antiquarian book fairs in the world. Showcasing rare, unique and unusual items from more than 170 leading UK and international dealers, Firsts – London’s Rare Book Fair is the jewel in the crown of Rare Books London. Specialisms range from unique manuscripts to fiction, world travel to cookery. Also enjoy expert guided tours, temporary exhibitions and Live! – where book related specialists come to provide workshops and talks.

Battersea Evolution
Book Fairs
Saturday 8th June 12pm - 7pm Sunday 9th June 10am - 6pm

London Map Fair 2019

The largest Antique Map Fair in Europe, established 1980.

This event brings together around 40 of the leading national and international antiquarian map dealers as well as hundreds of visiting dealers, collectors, curators and map aficionados from all parts of the world. A very large selection of Original Antique Maps will be available for sale, ranging in age from the 15th C. to the 20th C., covering all parts of the world and priced to suit all pockets: from £10 to £100,000.

Royal Geographical Society

Wednesday 16th May 6-8pm

Traditional and contemporary perspectives on Bookbinding

The University of London Bibliophiles wish to invite you to a panel discussion which will explore a range of traditional and contemporary perspectives on book binding.

In conjunction with Birkbeck’s Arts Week and the Designer Bookbinders, the panel will be comprised of those who work in the industry and the individuals who collect fine bindings. The discussion will explore various perspectives on book binding and will examine the role of book-binding in the modern age.

The panel will be chaired by the President of the UoL Bibliophiles and will be followed by a drinks reception, sponsored by the Private Libraries Association.

The event is free but prebooking is essential.

Room 106, 1st Floor, 43 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 0PD
Wednesday 6th June, 5.30pm

Bloods and Penny Dreadfuls: a tale of sensational Victorian fiction

“Bloods” and “penny dreadfuls” are terms used to describe sensational  penny fiction written principally for the working classes between 1830 and around 1910.  The often gruesome stories concerned criminals, particularly highwaymen, pirates, ghosts, and sensational historical stories.  Nearly all would have been produced in penny parts, issued weekly, with each part of four or eight pages featuring a lurid illustration.  The ‘moral panic’ amongst certain sections of society brought about by these publications can be related to the similar modern condemnation of ‘video nasties’ and ultra-violent computer games. However, the ephemeral nature of the penny dreadful means that many are now exceptionally rare and highly prized. This talk will include a rare opportunity to view some of the Guildhall Library’s own dastardly and morally reprehensible collection.  Not for the easily corrupted!

Tickets are free, but must be prebooked.
Guildhall Library, Aldermanbury, London EC2V 7HH
Tuesday 11th June 6pm - 8pm

Five Minute Books’, Fine Bindings, and The Wind in the Willows: Sir Courtauld Thomson’s Library at Dorneywood

Elisabeth Grass first worked with rare books as a bookseller at Bernard Quaritch Ltd. She is now a freelance cataloguer within the book trade and for National Trust Libraries, and is studying for a doctorate in history at the University of Oxford.

Bedford Room, G37, Ground Floor, Senate House, Malet Street WC1E 7HU


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Chrissy Isn't Afraid To Name and Shame

The Smart Bar resident lights up the illicit underground on this episode of the Rave Curious Podcast

As product of the Midwest rave scene, Chrissy has seen his share of sketchiness—from gunplay in Kansas City to troubles on the road in England with DJ Rashad. He admits that the underground environment through much of dance music's history can be a beacon for bad players eager to take advantage of the PLUR.

"They were homophobic, and they were misogynistic and they didn't really like the music. They were show up to score ecstasy, or meth, realistically," he says of the crowd the came to many a Midwest party in the 90s. He goes on to rally against the outlaw elements that encourages bad business deals and dangerous venues. The latter of which, sadly took lives in Oakland, including producer Nackt, whose posthumous release just dropped on Chrissy's Nite Owl Diner label.

Chrissy recalls his friend and shines a light on raving's corrupt underbelly on this episode of the Rave Curious Podcast.

Subscribe to the Rave Curious Podcast on iTunes or listen on Soundcloud, and get a new episode every other week.

While you're at it, you can also follow Rave Curious on Facebook and Twitter.


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Moldavite Crystal 3.1 Gram [RACMOLD-3.1-3]

In legend, it is believed that Moldavite crystal was the green stone found in the Holy Grail.  Moldavite has been treasured for thousands of years due to its powerful metaphysical energy.  It was limited between the royalty and nobility during the Middle Ages. You can experience the amazing energies of "the stone of transformation" for yourself.Moldavite is the gemstone which energies can be felt the easiest. Typically, but not always, people experience heat from the stone, and a sense of pulling energy, with a strong firm pulsation.

Moldavite works quite well at the third-eye, the throat chakra, and in the area of the crown chakra.  This area of chakra stimulation can sometimes be felt by holding a piece of Moldavite in your hand with the result of causing your face and neck to flush.

Moldavite energies can assist you in breaking through limitations and past patterns.  It can also greatly accelerate the spiritual growth and psychic awakening. Sleeping with Moldavite activates the dream state. Wearing it helps manifest positive life changes. It is an excellent meditation stone.  It has also stimulated the capability to feel the form of the message and sometimes the form of the communicator from whence the message comes.

Moldavite is the product of a meteorite shower sometime between 15 to 20 million years ago in the area of Moldau, Czechoslovakia. It emits an incredible amount of energy and is thought to be particularly useful to those of us who have incarnated in the earth plane from other planetary systems, easing the homesick and helping them to fit in, perhaps for the first time in their lives. Moldavite, available here as raw pieces, enhances all of the psychic gifts. It is also thought to ease the process of transformation, especially the letting go part in which so many of us seem to get stuck.

Moldavite works well with the third eye, throat and crown chakras.  It corresponds to all astrological signs.

Moldavite enhances many other stones such as All Quartz, Amethyst, Citrine, Rose Quartz, Sugilite, Charoite, Herkimer, Lapis, Larimar, Rhodochrosite, Aquamarine, Pietersite, Smoky Quartz, Selenite and Seraphinite.

The actual ORIGIN of Every Moldavite available comes from the Czech Republic. The shade of this lovely crystal is similar to an olive green

Do not cleanse with salt.  The stone is softer and more fragile in composition

Weight 3.1 Grams approx size 1 inch  x 5/8 inch and .25 inch thick

Quantity on hand : 1

This product was added to our catalog on Sunday 23 August, 2015.

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Transition Gem Drop Amulet [FG09]

The combination of stones for the Transition Gem Drop Amulet can help one move through the transition process when a loved one is crossing over, giving all involved the ability to let go with unconditional love and assist with a peaceful smooth transition.

Selenite is a Beam of Light Stone and opens the pathway to connect to the highest realms; opening all chakras. It is a powerful tool to connect with teachers, angels and guides by opening the higher self. The soothing properties of Selenite allow one to become calm, centered and filled with divine light. Selenite constantly cleanses and recharges itself.

Ruby Zoisite helps open the path to the afterlife with a smooth transition aiding in a positive re connection with loved ones. Ruby Zoisite also helps smooth out the transition process for the survivors.

Amethyst is a stone of calming and inner peace bringing the transition to a higher positive level. Amethyst opens the gateways to the divine spiritual experience assuring a loving, easy transition.

Rose Quartz helps in the transition process in aiding those affected by applying love and forgiveness so that all involved can gently let go and process the transition with pure unconditional love. Rose Quartz then aids in releasing unnecessary pain, anger, hurt and any unhealthy karmic ties.

Selenite is a very soft crystal, it should be handled with care. It should never be washed or placed in water because this can erode or damage its surface. Handle with the utmost care. Use Sage or moonlight if you wish to cleanse your amulet.

Direct from designer.Gemdrops are approx .75 to -1 inch in length. These are very unique. Each Item is individually made, so no two pieces are exactly alike. All Gemdrops come with black satin cord and information card.

This amulet can take just a few days and up to 3 weeks to get shipped to you since they are custom made to order and shipped by the crafter.

Quantity on hand : 10

This product was added to our catalog on Monday 22 February, 2016.

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About Muchada-Léclapart

Andalusia, Spain
Muchada-Léclapart is a collaboration between architect turned winemaker Alejandro Muchada and pioneer Champagne grower-producer David Léclapart. Together they biodynamically farm 3 hectares of old Palomino and Muscat vineyards, then in their small bodega in the historic Barrio Alto of Sanlúcar, producing wines of simplicity, elegance and purity, through the absolute minimum of intervention.

  • Vintage: 2017
  • Grower name: Muchada-Léclapart
  • Appellation: None
  • Region: Andalusia
  • Country: Spain
  • Colour: White
  • Style: Still
  • Sweetness: Dry
  • Grape Varieties: Palomino Fino, Palomino California
  • Soil type: Albariza
  • Vessel type: Other
  • Unfined.
  • Unfiltered.
  • Low sulphite.

Notes on additives, aids & processing used:

  • No temperature control.
  • Suitable for Vegans.
  • Suitable for Vegetarians.
  • Total Sulphites: 6 mg/L
  • This wine is fermented spontaneously.
  • Other Information:White wine from a mix of the youngest Palomino Fino and Palomino California vines from La Platera del Pago Miraflores (~20 years). Pressing entire bunches. Gravity settling. Fermentation and vinification on lees in steel tanks with ceramic paint for 9 months. Bottled in May. Biodynamic viticulture since January 2017.

Taste it at...

  • London 2019
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Putin to hold session of State Council presidium on tourist issues in Yalta on Monday

President Vladimir Putin on August 17 in the course of a working visit to the Crimean Federal District will hold in Yalta a session of the presidium of the State Council on the advancement of tourism in the Russian Federation.

"The agenda of the event will be topped by priority directions of the development of domestic tourism as a catalyst of the social and economic development of Russian regions, Crimea, in particular," a report of the presidential press service says.

Putin is planned to have an informal meeting with representatives of ethnic public associations of Crimea.

All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

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the smart solution for Reading jobs

Clinical Specialist

Company: InVision Human Services
Location: Reading
Posted on: January 15, 2019

Job Description:

Requisition Number 18-0079 Post Date 12/19/2018 Title Clinical Specialist Work Hours 9am-5pm City Reading State PA Description InVision Human Services is a non-profit organization focused in providing specialized direct support to individuals with challenging physical, intellectual, and mental disabilities. We utilize a restraint-free, person centered approach to help each of our clients achieve their goals. InVision HS is currently seeking a Clinical Specialist for our Residential Living Program to support our continued growth in Eastern Pennsylvania.

--- Ensures people are supported in a manner which honors the company's mission and philosophy through developing the customized support plan (CSP) and training the direct support professionals in its use.
--- Provides ongoing clinical consultation, training, coaching, and guidance to direct support professionals of the residential program. Ensures all team members are working towards the person's vision of a meaningful and everyday life.
--- Provides training to staff in implementation of the Customized Support Plan, fade requirements, Individualized Support Plan, positive approaches and risk management plan, dietary needs, and medical plans.
--- Carries out all planning, development, prevention and intervention strategies using a restraint free and least restrictive methodology
--- Works collaboratively and openly as part of an interdisciplinary team with Program Supervisors to ensure the implementation of best practices and person directed services.
--- Oversees service provision of the individual supported.
--- Provides 24 hour on-call clinical consultation to direct support professionals and program supervisors during designated periods.
Requirements A Master's degree or above in Social Work, Psychology, Education from an accredited college or university and 2 years work experience working directly with persons with developmental disabilities.
A bachelor's degree in Social Work, Psychology, Education from an accredited college or university and 4 years work experience working directly with persons with developmental disabilities.

--- Experience working with people with dual diagnosis is strongly preferred.
--- Must embrace the philosophies of positive, person centered and person directed approaches as well as believing the right of all people to have full and meaningful lives.
--- Exceptional communication skills both written and oral.
--- Ability to work independently; yet collaborate with clinical team members
--- Ability to effectively present information, write reports and respond to questions from clients, families and staff.
--- Must possess excellent decision making, time management, and conflict resolution skills.
--- Must have a valid driver's license and access to a vehicle
--- Extensive travel to all locations is required. (Mileage reimbursement provided.)
--- Up to 30% of hours will be non-traditional (i.e., evenings/weekends/early mornings)
--- Must successfully complete pre-employment physical, drug screen, tb test, criminal history, and FBI fingerprinting.

InVision Human Services is on the cutting edge of the Human Services industry. We offer competitive wage rates, full medical, vision, & dental coverage, life insurance, 401k, and excellent paid time off.

InVision Human Services is committed to providing equal opportunity in employment for all persons, and prohibits discrimination in employment because of race, sex, age, national origin, religion, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, or any other basis that is prohibited by federal, state, or local laws. We do not discriminate against individuals with physical or mental disabilities, disabled veterans, or veterans of the Vietnam era, and will provide equal employment opportunity for such individuals. Apply On line Send This Job to a Friend Copyright -- Ultimate Software

Keywords: InVision Human Services, Reading , Clinical Specialist, Healthcare , Reading, Pennsylvania

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Office - To rent - Newcastle Upon Tyne

172 New Bridge Street
Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 2TE

  • Strip and recessed lighting
  • Suspended ceilings
  • Perimeter trunking
  • Wall mounted panel heaters
  • Demised car parking

The property comprises of a three storey terraced office building with the accommodation arranged over the basement, ground, first and second floors.

Internally, the property provides a mix of cellular and open plan office accommodation with toilets located on each floor.

The subject property is situated on the west side of New Bridge Street, located approximately a quarter of a mile east of Newcastle city centre. The location has excellent road links to the city centre and Tyne Bridge which provides easy access to the A1 and Gateshead.

Manors Metro Station is within a short walking distance and New Bridge Street is a popular route for local bus services in, out and around the city centre.

Additional information

The property is available by way of a new fully repairing and insuring lease for a term of years to be agreed at a rent of £20,000 per annum.

Alternatively our client would give consideration to a freehold sale of the property. Further details upon application.

Unit / Floor Size SQFT Description
Basement 398
Ground 375
First Floor 491
Second Floor 487
Total 1,751

  • Parking : Not Known
  • Number of parking places : 0
  • We understand the property benefits from all the main services.
  • Updated: 24/06/2013
    Reference: 757638
    Office: To rent, Leasehold
    1,752  max
    £20,000 PAX
    Arrange viewing Request details Download brochure
    Your contact

    Mr Aidan Baker
    Broad Chare
    NE1 2HF

    0191 227 5737

    Mr Lewis Wheatman
    0191 227 5714

    With a presence in 36 countries, BNP Paribas Real Estate has a global reach, offering our clients in Asia, Middle East and North America unparalleled European expertise.
    Carte implantations

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text:
7901 Southwest Pkwy #23 Austin, TX 78735

2,231 Sq.Ft. On Site: 7 Days
3 Beds
3 Baths
Built: 2006
Property Type:Condo
MLS #:1004056
Year Built:2006
Sq. Feet:2231
On Site:7 Days
Lot Size:0.32 Acres

Detailed Maps

Community Information

Address:7901 Southwest Pkwy #23 Austin, TX 78735
Subdivision:Sierra Vista Amd
Zip Code:78735

School Information

School System:Austin ISD
High School:Austin
Middle School:Small
Elementary School:Oak Hill

Unit Number:#23
Bedrooms: 3
Bathrooms: 2 Full / 1 Half
Year Built:2006
Construction: All Sides Masonry, Stone Veneer, Stucco
Construction Features: 1st Floor Entry
Roof: Composition Shingle
Foundation: Slab
Parking: Attached, Door Opener, Entry-Front

Features / Amenities

Total Sq. Ft.:2231
Interior Features: Ceiling-High, Walk-In Closet
Dining Description: Breakfast Area, Formal Dining Room
Fireplace(s): Family Room
Flooring: Carpet, Tile - Hard, Wood
Master Description: 2 Closets, Double Vanity, Walk-In Closet, Walk-in Shower
Kitchen: Breakfast Area, Breakfast Bar, Center Island, Granite/Marble Counters, Open to Family Room
Kitchen Appliances: Built-In Oven(s), Convection Oven, Cook Top Gas, Dishwasher, Disposal, Exhaust Fan Vented, Microwave Oven, Refrigerator, Self Cleaning Oven, Single Oven, Stainless Steel, Water Heater Gas
Laundry Facilities: Dryer Connection - Electric, Main Level, Utility/Laundry Room, Washer Connections
Exterior Features: Balcony-Covered, Deck, Private BackYard
Heating: Central Heat
Rooms:Rooms: Foyer, Game, Office/Study, Utility

Property Features

Lot Size: 0.32 Acres
Gated Community: Yes
View: Greenbelt
Waterfront: No
Utilities: Electricity on Property, Natural Gas on Property
Water: City
Sewer: City at Street
Directions:From Mopac/Loop 1; exit Southwest Parkway, go past William Cannon & take a u-turn at Belgrade Dr then go take immediate right into Sierra Vista Condos

Tax and Financial Info

Actual Tax: $7, 232
Tax Amount: $7, 278
Tax Year: 2018
Listing Financing: Cash, Conventional
HOA Name: Sierra Vista
Association Fee: $260 (Paid Monthly)
Association Fee Includes: Common Area Maintenance, Landscaping

SchoolsClick map icons below to view information for schools near 7901 Southwest Pkwy #23 Austin, TX 78735.

Similar Listings

Listing Information Last Updated 1/18/2019
Listing provided courtesy of Campus Condos.
The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.

Based on information from the Austin Board of REALTORS® (alternatively, from ACTRIS). Neither the Board nor ACTRIS guarantees or is in any way responsible for its accuracy. The Austin Board of REALTORS®, ACTRIS and their affiliates provide the MLS and all content therein "AS IS" and without any warranty, express or implied. Data maintained by the Board or ACTRIS may not reflect all real estate activity in the market.

All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.
Property Summary:
Home for sale at .

Description: The property at 7901 Southwest Pkwy #23 Austin, TX 78735 in the Sierra Vista Amd subdivision with the MLS# 1004056 is currently listed for $359,950 and has been on the market for 6 days.

Listing Price: $359,950

You are viewing the ACTRIS listing details of the home for sale at 7901 Southwest Pkwy #23 Austin, TX 78735, which features 3 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms, and 2231 sq.ft. of living area.