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Contributions to a Pathography of the Musicians: 2. Organic and Psychotic Disorders

By Eliot Slater and Alfred Meyer, Confinia Psychiatrica, 3, 129-145, 1960.

    In the first of our papers on this subject, in which we discussed the medical history of Robert Schumann, we explained how we became involved in a systematic study of the German composers. The probands were selected by musicological experts solely on the basis of their achievement, and were in the first place investigated by Adele Juda, her findings having been published posthumously in her monograph Höchstbegabung (1953). The biographical data accumulated by Juda, together with her psychiatric and diagnostic appreciations, were most kindly made available to us by the late Professor Schulz of the Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in Munich. This material has been further supplemented principally from English sources, and is being investigated along lines which seem to us important, though many of them did not fall within Juda's terms of reference. The first question which arose was the incidence and the nature of psychotic disorders in the probands. The case of Robert Schumann was one of critical importance in this connection, and was discussed in detail in our first paper. It now remains to consider the cases of the other composers whom Juda diagnosed as having been psychotic, namely Gluck and Wolf, and of two others, Mozart and Handel, in whose cases some questions arise.

Christoph Willibald Gluck

    Gluck was born on the 2nd July, 1714. He had three strokes, the first in 1781 at the age of 66, the second in 1784, and the last in 1787 after which he died, at the age of 73. With the second of these strokes, at the age of 70, his right arm and leg were affected and he had a dysphasia. He made some degree of recovery, but ever after had difficulty in expressing his thoughts, and would mix Italian, French and German in his utterances. His wife had to nurse him, and did so devotedly until the end.

    Cooper (1947) records that in his last will, out of a great fortune, he left one florin each to the Poor House, the General Hospital, the Town Hospital, and the High School, "in all, four forms". Such a bequest has the ring, not of miserliness (though Gluck had a peasant's sense of the value of money), nor of irony, but rather of the act of a demented patient.

    There is no record of Gluck having been anything but exceedingly robust mentally until the first stroke. His terminal mental disorder was clearly of an organic type determined by a series of cerebrovascular accidents. Juda's diagnosis was one of arteriosclerotic dementia.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

    Mozart was born on the 27th January, 1756, and died on the 5th December, 1791, aged 35. His illness, and the cause of his death, have been repeatedly discussed, especially in publications of 1956, the bicentenary of his birth. Greither (1956) and Reinhard (1956), following the earlier view of Barraud (1905), are of the opinion that he suffered from chronic kidney disease, with terminal uraemia. His health all through his life was very poor. He was undernourished as a child, and later bore the marks of rickets. At the age of six he had a severe and extensive rash, which has been interpreted as erythema nodosum. He had many infections, scarlet fever in 1762, typhoid fever in 1766, smallpox in 1767, an undefined febrile illness in 1768, and pneumonia in 1781. Severe attacks of colic in 1784 and 1787 are attributed by Greither to superadded pyelitis with stone formation, and a probable eventual pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. Greither believes that he was already mortally ill in 1790.

    Kerner (1956, 1957) is a notable dissenter from the general view, in that he revives the old idea that Mozart was poisoned by Salieri; and he suggests that Salieri may have used a slow‑working poison given at long intervals, mercury for example. According to this author some of Mozart's terminal symptoms fit into the picture of mercurial erethism; headache, vertigo, nausea, irritability, terminal nephrosis. However, this interpretation, with its rather sensational presentation, including an alleged confession by the dying Salieri quoted from a Russian book by Igor Boelza, sounds more than unconvincing; it has been rejected on both historical and medical grounds by Greither (1957) and Blorn (1957).

    In the last year of his life, Mozart was undoubtedly ill also in a psychiatric sense, and suffering from severe depressive moods. There is, however, no reason to doubt that his psychiatric symptoms were attributable to his physical illness. Thus his feeling, when the Requiem was commissioned by an anonymous patron, that this was a message from Heaven of his own impending death, the Requiem to be written for himself, though it has been called delusional, accords well with a depressive state and can be wholly accounted for in that way. In itself, it seems hardly more than a superstitious notion, appropriate to the age, to Mozart's religious faith and to his state of health. His statement that he felt the taste of death in his mouth, in the last days of his life, has also in the past been attributed to mental disorder; a bad taste is, however, a characteristic symptom of uraemia. A more definitely delusional idea is his notion that he was being poisoned by the Italians, or by Salieri, which also came to him in his last days. There is no satisfactory evidence that this was more than a passing idea, that it was repeated or firmly maintained or held for any length of time. Though certainly a morbid idea, it can be partly explained on normal psychological principles: he had, in fact, met with hostility from the Italian school of music during his life, and the popular predominance of Italian music had been a large factor in preventing his receiving the recognition he had earned.

    All these symptoms must be regarded as amounting, at the worst, to a not very severe symptomatic psychosis, carrying no implication of constitutional instability. Mozart was not naturally a paranoid personality, and in all his misfortunes there is no evidence that he ever bore grudges. In the affective field, he had his melancholic side, which finds appropriate and balanced expression in his music; but he was not liable to severe depressive moods until, according to Greither, he was a dying man. Juda's diagnosis in his case is "nicht geisteskrank, nicht psychopathisch, gesund".


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em·bark: verb \im-ˈbärk\:  to make a start

I am not one for New Years resolutions.

Ha.  Yeah, right.

I am the queen of resolutions.  Or I used to be.  Every year on December 31st, I’d write down a long list of ‘em.  Sometimes I was good at keeping them.  Most of the time I wasn’t, not because I was lacking in commitment or resolve, but simply because I forgot to remember them.

This year, I took the forgetfulness a step further and forgot to create the list all together.  I blew past my self-imposed deadline and thus launched into this new year utterly  resolution-less.  (Granted, it is possible to make resolutions on January 2nd, but it feels like cheating ’cause you’ve already missed a day.  How can you resolve not to swear if you’ve spent January 1st in a flurry of F-bombs?)

It was liberating at first.  And then it was terrifying.  By 6pm on January 2nd, I was scrambling to come up with something, anything, that I could resolve to do in 2011.  In 2010, it was “write a novel by May 1st!,” “blog every day!” and “stop consuming artificial sweetners!” But nothing felt right this year.  Or, rather, nothing I could come up with felt like the thing I’m supposed to be doing.  Because there is something — many somethings, so many somethings — I’m supposed to be chasing after this year, I just can’t quite figure out what those somethings are.  Read the Bible more.  Pray.  Keep writing every day.  Write something new.  Do something new and scary and challenging.  Try to be a good mom.  Fail and try again.  Sell my book.  Spend more time thinking and not doing.  Spend more time with my husband.  Spend less time with my screen.  Write more.

And now it’s January 6th and all I have is the list I just wrote.  It’s ambitious and probably too vague to be a proper list of goals but it’s all I’ve got so it’ll have to do.

Here’s to being better versions of ourselves this year, starting with this day.  And starting over again tomorrow if we need to, whether it’s January 1st or 6th or March 4th or August 9th.

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Emergic: Rajesh Jain's Blog

Emergic: Rajesh Jain's Blog header image 2

MobiGyaan Interview

August 23rd, 2010 · 3 Comments

Excerpts from my interview in MobiGyaan about MyToday:

Why did Netcore introduced Premium (Paid) version of MyToday?

Our focus is on direct-to-consumer services. There is so much more which can be done with SMS. We want to create a publishing and micro-payments platform through MyToday that can spur innovation, create new monetisable moments for publishers and content providers, and present consumers with a much wider array of choice. Much like the AppStores have done.

What are the target number of subscribers you are aiming by the end of this year for MyToday Store?

This is a unique model and a first-of-its-kind service. We will take it month-by-month to see how it grows. The opportunity for such services is very large, but there are many things that need to fall in place for them to succeed. Our focus is on making that happen. If we can provide a very good experience for consumers with the content and the publishers via the platform, then we can create a positive feedback loop in the months to come.

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3 responses so far ↓

  • 1 sk // Aug 23, 2010 at 10:44 am

    Pl check out http://www.padakali.com/. – kannada word a day.
    Would they want to partner MyToday? (also similar services in other languages)

  • 2 assignment help // Nov 28, 2018 at 11:54 am

    • Assignments are often considered the burden on the mind of students not giving them ample time for any other activities. Lack of time denies students from performing their beloved

  • 3 All assignment help reviews // Dec 13, 2018 at 4:35 pm

    Our Assignment Help Reviews go through hundreds of websites each month to select only the best. We also offer reviews of such websites which are not up to the mark so that you may know about them as well.

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Colourful Fashion Industry Spreads Its Wings Globally

Is it necessary in order to to possess a college degree in order to end up being the world’s next great designer? While true style can’t be taught, most people will agree that usually very not easy to find a job, any job in the fashion industry without some kind of degree, even this is a two or four year one. As the matter of fact, going to fashion school and getting an education makes you more of appealing job candidate. Individuals extremely competitive job market and a college can make the difference between you one more equally qualified candidate.

This system has held it’s place in use given that the 1930s and it has been specially devised for home sewers. By enjoying the book you are able to get hold of numerous diagrams which you can expand to full-sized to make new forms. The Designers Curve and Tailors Curve will be two singularly important fashion pattern tools that you’d like to have in your arsenal for want moves through the perfect dress.

Make positive your MD, or CEO is listed as deciding on Sponsor for the organisation. These days they have ultimate say and signoff for the developed Purpose and built also a cheerleader for your value of design and also the design process in the organisation. They don’t have to understand the details but contain to experience. If they don’t think then include be a significantly harder way to travel.

Before a wedding, you want to be prepared gold necklace, ring and earrings for your bridal gathering. This is very important throughout the inquiry. First, you actually prepare for the wedding ring to ask your girlfriend to marry you. And after this lady has agreed for taking them would be the other other accessories, the gold necklace and earrings available. And I’ve always said that hot weather his golden ones, which are the symbol of eternity. From ancient times, goldis the representation of cash. Therefore, gold rings that you like each other forever and your marriage can be to their deaths. But today, numerous individuals would in order to platinum to those who take longer in fashion design ucla. You can decide it dependent on your personal preferences. If you’d like them golden, choose only gold.

We love a nice Zombie feature now and then, faster this game come up we just had consider a little look. Is actually very the Plants Vs Zombies games and its retro style is not lost round the iPhone, in fact, variety of game is designed for the toy. Based on these new design cases, all of plants vs zombies fans prefer go for these cases for their iPhone 4 or ipad2.Therefore, about the game, basically your own home is invaded by mini zombies, you have basic weapons and zombie eating plants conserve yourself! So there is no doubt more and if the process choose to have a regarding pvz game iPhone 4 case together with them.

You might like to also play Kiss the Cutie. Two posters should be hung on the wall. Certainly them is a picture with regards to a popular musician or actor and another one is often a picture within your person how the host thinks is ‘uncool’. Both posters should be hung close to each most other. The girls will ought wear a thick coat of lipstick and incredibly girl definitely will be blindfolded. Spin her around view her strain to end up kissing the cutie. Can a guarantee that girls will possess a lot of fun although will take the mistake of kissing the ‘uncool’ guy.

Now you might have asked yourself the first 6 questions of a business or company plan, you ought to keep progressing. We have now completed the “Business Segment” and our next section could be the “Marketing Segment.” Through your writing analyze all the possibilities, write it down and visualize the end result. This is only the first step for in order to becoming that rich and famous fashion designer, your next challenge will be keep over the success.


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Our Sectors

GSD Holding A.Ş. was established with the title GSD Giyim Sanayicileri Dış Ticaret A.Ş. (GSD Textile Manufacturers Foreign Trade Inc.) on 8 October 1986 by the initiatives of 96 clothing manufacturers under the leadership of Mr. Turgut Yılmaz. The Company title was changed as GSD Dış Ticaret A.Ş. (GSD Foreign Trade Inc.) on 25 November 1988 and as GSD Holding A.Ş. on 21 November 1996. GSD Holding shares have been publicly traded on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) (formerly named as Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)) since 11 November 1999.

GSD Holding operates in finance, marine and energy sectors through its subsidiaries. The primary functions of GSD Holding are to establish, execute, and evaluate the medium-term goals and targets for its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, and to coordinate their activities. Furthermore, GSD Holding also helps ensure standardization of services and other processes of group companies, achieve quality and price advantages with respect to outsourced services, and plan all such functions to foster group-wide synergy.

The GSD Group's growth strategy is based on providing financial and other support services to commercial activity, rather than competing in industrial production. It has adopted a prudent management approach, giving priority to growth by equity rather than through borrowing. Therefore, sustainable profitability is the main pillar of the Group's investment strategy.

GSD Holding is responsible for establishing major operational guidelines and setting the standards for enterprise risk management and corporate governance. It is a strong advocate of the concepts of customer focus and higher service quality in all business lines. This philosophy is effectively communicated to all its subsidiaries and affiliates and unwavering adherence to these tenets is expected from all Group companies and staff members.

Maximizing shareholders' value has always been an indispensable goal for the GSD Group. GSD Holding believes that maintaining a satisfactory return on equity is the real measure of its performance.


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Alexander Rodchenko. Shukhov Tower
6 June / 16:30
Kramskoy's Art Museum
Industrial world of Alexander Rodchenko
Photos from the collection of the Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow (MAMM)
June 6 - July 1
Curator: Olga Sviblova
6 +

Over 70 photos taken by Alexander Rodchenko in 1920s will be presented at the exhibition. The photos are from the collection of the Multimedia Art Museum.

Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956) laid the foundations of the Russian avant-garde, he was engaged in painting, sculpture, theatre and architecture; his posters and collages set new standards for design and advertising in the USSR. In addition, he was a prominent photographer and still is a symbol of Soviet photography.

Rodchenko got into photography in 1924. In late 1920s he started publishing his pilot angle shots in "Soviet Cinema" and "Novy LEF" magazines. He also did the first photo-reports for Soviet magazines.

He showed the world of a new Moscow, buildings, constructed by architects Alexander Vesnin, Moisei Ginzburg and Konstantin Melnikov. He showed vehicle assembly at AMO plant, generators at a power plant and production of light bulbs. He believed that the future belongs to the industrial world.

There is always a man near industrial machines on Rodchenko's photos. His characters are young and active people who are interested in everything. They work, study and do sports. He devoted a whole series of photos to morning exercises on the roof of a newly built student hostel in Lefortovo.

Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow (MAMM) is a museum and exhibition complex, the first museum in Russia specializing in photography, video and media art. It was founded in 1996. The exhibitions of such photographers as Georgy Petrusov, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Annie Leibovitz and many others were held at the museum.

Alexander Rodchenko. Electrofactory


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BPCL To Invest Rs18K Crore to Increase Refining Capacity By 19 MT

BPCL To Invest Rs18K Crore to Increase Refining Capacity By 19 MT

Team EnergyInfraPost

BPCL is on an expansion binge. The state-owned refiner plans to invest Rs 18,000 crore over the next five years on expansion plan which would take its refining capacity from 31 million tonne (mt) to 50 mt.

“Including our subsidiaries, our refining capacity is somewhere about 31 mt, we are planning to move closer to 50 mt by somewhere around 2022. This will see an investment of approximately about Rs 18,000 crore,” D Rajkumar, chairman and managing director of BPCL, told a newspaper.

Under the proposed expansion roadmap, the company is planning to have at least 15 mt capacity in each of its refineries, including Mumbai, Kochi and Bina (Madhya Pradesh). It also plans to expand capacity of the Numaligarh refinery in Assam from 3 mt to 9 mt per annum.

“The Rs 1.08-lakh-crore investment that we have lined up for the next five years include the expansion of our refineries, marketing sector and also our upstream presence,” Rajkumar said. The company also plans to add more than 1,000 outlets a year.

BPCL is the third-largest crude refiner and marketer of petroleum products in India. While it has more refining capacity than its close competitor Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL), it lags behind the latter in fuel retailing presence.

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Welcome to the official website of China - ASEAN Expo

Hotline:+ 86-771-12343

The important note

The 16th CAEXPO will be held on：

Sep 20th-23rd,2019 8:30-17:00 (Trade Days)

Sep. 23rd,2019(Public Day)

Phinij Jarusombat: “Jeen Thai Phee Nong Gan” is a Crowning Achievement

Source:     Time:2015-09-07 10:45:40
On July 1st, then Thai PM H.E. Kukrit Pramoj and then Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signed the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Thailand in Beijing, China, which opened a new epoch for the relations between the two countries. Over the past 40 years, the two countries have witnessed continuously depended friendly exchanges. Former Thai Deputy Prime Minister and the President of Thai-Chinese Cultural & Relationship Council H.E. Phinij Jarusombat said in the interview with our magazine: “China-Thailand relations differ from that of the other countries. It is accepted by the leaders of both countries that ‘Jeen Thai Phee Nong Gan’ (China and Thailand are brothers.), which is a crowning achievement made between the two”.
Long-established People-topeople Exchanges
“Jeen Thai Phee Nong Gan” has profound historical origin. Over one thousand years ago, Chinese and Thai merchants traded with each other via the Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road, and many of the Chinese settled down in Thailand. Nowadays, overseas Chinese occupy a large proportion of the Thai population. Mr. Phinij Jarusombat said, “I’m an overseas Chinese. Several decades ago, my family moved to Thailand from Shantou, China”.
These historical ties have nutured cultural affinity, which brings the people of two countrie closer. “At the beginning when China and Thailand established diplomatic relations, the annual number of Chinese tourists visiting Thailand was only tens of thousands, but the number reached over 3 million this year”, said Phinij Jarusombat. With such growth momentum, the number would top 5 million by the end of this year.
Constant people-to-people exchanges have increased the popularity of the Chinese language in Thailand. Phinij Jarusombat said, “In history, there was a period of time when Chinese schools are prohibited. Now, they are found everywhere. People in Thailand are high on learning Chinese, starting the fervor for the Chinese language learning. Exchanges of teachers and scholarship offering have also witnessed rapid development”. “We can say that no matter how many scholarships China could offer, it still could not meet the huge demand of Thai students. The exchanges in science and technology are also increasingly deepened, which can be seen in the friendly mutual visits between universities and colleges of science and technology”, Phinij Jarusombat explained.
Speaking of the cultural and people-to people exchanges between China and Thailand, the Thai-Chinese Cultural & Relationship Council has played a big role in it. Phinij Jarusombat said, “Thai-Chinese Cultural & Relationship Council has carried out over 30 cultural exchange activities with China’s provinces and cities since it was founded over one year ago. This year, we have successfully held the T-ONE Muay Thai Championship at Beijing Olympic Sports Center, which is in celebration of the 40th anniversary of China-Thailand diplomatic ties. On July 18, we have also held a largescale painting and calligraphy exhibition with the Chinese Culture Center in Bangkok and Chinese Embassy in Thailand”.
According to Phinij Jarusombat, the past 40 years’ development between China and Thailand benefits the people of both sides and brings them happiness. The friendly relations between the two countries develop so smoothly and go far beyond the expectations. During this 40 years, many sister cities were established between the two countries. Based on this, Thailand could build more consulates in China, which is of great significance to the exchanges between provinces and cities of the two countries.
Rapid Development in Connectivity
Connectivity construction between China and Thailand continues to develop. Phinij said，“Kunming-Bangkok Expressway has facilitated the trade between the two countries. During Chinese festivals, many Chinese travelers choose to make road trips in Thailand, which had never happened before. Waterway transport of the Mekong River has also developed very fast, and there are fixed ship routes between China’s Jinghong and ports along the Menam River of Thailand”.
Air transportation has also witnessed dramatic development, with numerous direct flights being opened between cities. “In the past, direct flights were only opened between Thailand and China’s Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Nowadays, all medium-sized Chinese cities enjoy direct flights with Thailand”, said Phinij.
With the upsurge of the building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, Thailand, the hub of the ASEAN region, plays a crucial role in the construction. “Thailand and China are bound to enhance maritime cooperation, both in hardware and software, including maritime transportation and maritime science and technology etc.”, said Phinij. “Seaway transportation between our two countries develops very fast. In the past, only China’s Hong Kong, Shantou and Guangzhou etc. had been opened to navigation with Thai ports. Nowadays, cities like Shanghai and Qingdao have also opened routes to Thailand”. On July 17 this year, China’s Wuhan opened port service to Bangkok, Thailand. “We had never imagined that an inland city like Wuhan could open seaways to Thailand. The construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has really brought huge opportunities for Thailand and China”, said Phinij.
At the same time, as the railway project between China and Thailand was finalized, one can go to Thailand from China by way of Laos and Myanmar, or even go to countries like Malaysia. “By that time, we can go to Beijing by high-speed train”, said Phinij. “Thai fruits and rice are exported to China in quantity. Due to the limitation of transportation, stock-out occurs occasionally. After the railway is completed, goods transportation between the two countries would be greatly boosted”.
Mr. Phinij also spoke highly of China’s high-speed rail technology. He said, “In terms of technology and safety, Chinese high-speed rail is nip and tuck with Japanese high-speed rail, but cheaper than the Japanese one. So, it enjoys high performance cost ratio”.
“I’ve taken the high-speed train in China for several times and felt very good. I think it is a very wise choice made by Thailand to cooperate with China. It is not only the voice of Thai people, but the people of the entire ASEAN region”, expressed Phinij. “The railway between Thailand and China is part of the Trans-Asian Railway, which traverses Southeast Asia and reaches India and even the European countries like Russia”.
CAEXPO as a Big Stage for Close Cooperation
Mr. Phinij has ever participated in the CAEXPO which has left a deep impression on him. He said, “The CAEXPO provides a big stage for face-to-face negotiations and brings tangible advancement in cooperation, including both governmental and non-governmental cooperation. It can be said that the CAEXPO has set up a big platform for exchanges and cooperation for all the ASEAN countries”.
On April 2, 2015, the CAEXPO Thai Exhibition, which was the CAEXPO’s first-ever overseas exhibition, was held in Thailand and attended by Mr. Phinij, who stated that “The CAEXPO’s overseas exhibition plays a very important role in further expanding its influence in the ASEAN region and strengthening the trade and cultural cooperation between China and the ASEAN countries”.
During this joint media interview in Thailand, many ASEAN enterprises, especially those SMEs, claimed that they have a great mind to attend the CAEXPO, but there is a shortage of booths. This was confirmed by Mr. Phinij, who further explained that “Nowadays, many Thai enterprises want to attend the CAEXPO, but failed to get a booth. Thailand is the Country of Honor of this year’s CAEXPO, which would be attended by Thai high-level officials, as well as Thai enterprises and art troupes. It would be a grand and hilarious meeting”.
The role the CAEXPO plays in promoting the cooperation between China and ASEAN, as well as between China and Thailand cannot be underestimated. Apart from that, Mr. Phinij expressed, Thailand and China should carry out more pragmatic cooperation in economy, tourism and trade. Business negotiations between entrepreneurs of both countries could be organized each year to solve the problems Thailand and China have met and better promote the bilateral trade between the two, with the aim of achieving the goal of reaching $100 billion US dollar trade volume in 2016.
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Pizza Maker in Lahore

Pizza Maker in Lahore
Maria Peter
City: Anstey
Last visit: 27 Oct 2018
Author's ads: 37

Posted: 28 Sep 2018

Pizza Maker allows you to smoothly make a 12 inch pizza at home without stressing over its shape and size. You simply have to press in the pizza bread and its fixings inside and have a pizza ready to serve under 30 minutes. Now no more need to rush to fast food restaurants for enjoy the relish of your favorite pizza, just buy it and make hot and yummy pizzas at home. Available at online Sale in Pakistan at Shoppe Me the Pizza Maker is one of the Pizza Maker in Lahore available in the markets that let you cook homemade pizza in few seconds at non-stick base. You can likewise utilize it as a flame broil as it opens up to 180 degree turn. For you comfort, a force and prepared light pointer has likewise been incorporated. Enjoy Fresh pizza at home with easiness like never before...


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The English Aromatherapist

Essential Oils & Hygge

Essential oils and hygge aromatherapy

I first became aware of the concept of hygge last winter, as I was browsing through Pinterest in the middle of a cold, dark night (life with a newborn baby!)

This autumn, the buzz around hygge is starting to proliferate online. An Amazon search for ‘hygge’ books brings up 115 results. The newly published The Little Book of Hygge is already an Amazon best-seller, with articles about hygge popping up in just about every newspaper and magazine. Everyone is getting their hygge on — so what’s it all about?

What is hygge?

If you’re unfamiliar with the term, hygge is a Danish word that’s all about cosiness and finding happiness in the small, everyday pleasures of life. With no direct English equivalent, hygge is more than just a word — it’s more like a philosophy. Hygge is a concept that gets Danes through their long, dark and very cold winters. After all, Denmark is often cited as being the happiest country in the world. Why be miserable about a cold and frosty night, when you can gather round the fire and toast marshmallows with friends? It’s all about creating a cosy atmosphere and finding joy in the small things: candlelit dinners, spending time with family, curling up by the fire and enjoying the moment.

Hygge atmosphere

How is hygge pronounced?

As I’m not Danish, I am no expert — but I believe it’s pronounced hue-gah (some say hoo-ga)

How can I be hygge?

You’re probably already doing hygge things without realising! Imagine being tucked up in a warm, cosy bed with a mug of hot chocolate, as candles softly flicker and the rain beats down on the windows outside. That’s hygge. Imagine sitting around a campfire with friends, laughing and joking, sharing platters of hot food and mulled wine. That’s hygge. Imagine walking through crispy red and orange leaves on a fresh autumn evening, listening to birdsong, feeling the cool air on your face and watching the sunset on the horizon. That’s hygge.

What is NOT hygge?

The concept of hygge is sometimes misunderstood — let’s face it, some people always like to sneer at ‘new’ trends. Contrary to popular belief, hygge is not confined to the indoors. You can feel equally hygge on a bracing winter woodland walk as you can tucked up in a blanket at home. Nor is it anti-social — a big part of hygge is about enjoying quality time with loved ones. And it’s not just part of wintertime — Danish people seek hygge all year round, from summer picnics to barbecues and outdoor festivals.

What is hygge

What’s so great about it?

Everyone is loving hygge right now. It’s not difficult to understand why — 2016 has had its fair share of tragedies and disasters. Stress, anxiety and depression are at an all-time high. Hygge brings an element of positivity to all the doom and gloom. And unlike some trends, it doesn’t have to cost you a cent. (In fact, wrapping up in all those blankets might even save you money on your heating bill!)

Hygge and aromatherapy

Aromatherapy offers so much potential for creating the perfect hygge atmosphere. There’s nothing more hygge than a candle. It’s amazing how just dimming the lights and lighting a candle creates an instant feeling of calming cosiness. But there’s more to aromatherapy than scented candles — essential oils can be used in so many ways, from diffusers to room sprays.

My simple tip: just add a few drops of pure essential oil onto a cotton wool pad, place on your bedside table and enjoy the scent as it naturally evaporates into the air. The beauty of using essential oils is that you’ll benefit from their naturally therapeutic properties, as well as their wonderful fragrance — far better than using cheap air fresheners and synthetic candles (some of which contain cancer-causing chemicals).

One of the most hygge things in the world has got to be a relaxing, candlelit aromatherapy bath. It’s the perfect de-stresser after a long and tiring day. Even better if you can light one or two candles to enhance the cosy atmosphere. Simply add 6-8 drops of essential oil to your bath, just before getting in. Remember to dilute them in a carrier oil first (such as grapeseed) to prevent any risk of skin irritation. Swish the water around to disperse the essential oils evenly around the bath. Popular relaxing oils include lavender, geranium, ylang ylang and chamomile. Choose one, or blend a combination to create your own unique fragrance.

Hygge autumn

Hygge blends

Have fun experimenting with essential oils to create your perfect hygge atmosphere — from warming, spicy blends to fresh, uplifting scents. Here are a few hygge diffuser blends to get you started:

Autumn spice

2 drops sweet orange

2 drops ginger

1 drop cinnamon

Christmas joy

1 drop pine

1 drop orange

1 drop clove

1 drop cinnamon

1 drop juniper

Winter woodland

2 drops cedarwood

1 drop pine

1 drop eucalyptus

Sleepy time

4 drops lavender

1 drop vetiver

(please note: these blends are designed to be used in a diffuser, or on a cotton wool pad — not in the bath)

What to read next: Let’s Talk About Massage

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10 Responses to Essential Oils & Hygge

  1. Lovely! Looking to boost things up a bit with my treatments so this has given me some great ideas for my aroma stone infuser in my therapy room, thanks! 🙂

  2. Learned something new! What a great concept :). We will be trying the autumn spice combo tonight!

  3. Hygge to me evokes looking in from cold snow lined streets into gently lit windows decorated with simple rows of lights, often displayed in a mountain shape. Householders leaving their curtains open so the warm flow of the backlight shimmers in the room and the foreground of the window ledge looks still and serene. There’s a draw to these lights from those cold Scandinavian streets beckoning the weary back in. Simply beautiful, haunting and evocative. Lovely post N.

  4. Pingback: Have you heard about Hygge? (Get Ready to Get Cozy!)

  5. Pingback: Have you heard about Hygge? (Get Ready to Get Cozy!) – Budget To Freedom

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Iran frees Swedish Spies

After more then a year in Prison, Iran is freeing two Swedish Spies

It is not known if Nancy Pelosi’s recent trip to the region was instrumental in this gesture of mercy to the Swedish Nationals who faced a possible execution for the blatant acts of photography.

Iran pardons ‘spy’ Swedes

Published: 16th April 2007 14:30 CET

Iran on Monday pardoned two Swedish nationals jailed for photographing military installations last year and will release them later in the day, a spokesman for the foreign ministry in Tehran has said.

“Within the framework of the humanitarian efforts of Iran and following the requests of the family and repeated requests from Swedish politicians… they have been pardoned and will be freed at 6:00 pm” (1530 GMT), foreign ministry spokesman Mohammad Ali Hosseini said in a statement.

The two men, named as Stefan Johanssen and Jari Hjortmar, were arrested in March 2006 for taking pictures of military installations on Iran’s southern island of Qeshm and sentenced to two years in prison.

Their release comes less than two weeks after 15 British naval personnel held by Iran on accusations of illegally entering Iranian waters were suddenly pardoned and released.

Two other Europeans, German tourist Donald Klein and French boat skipper Stephane Lherbier, were also both freed earlier this year before completing 18-month sentences for violating Iran’s territorial waters.

Swenglish Rantings Radio â€“ 070416

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Course Information
Course Title Code Semester T + P ECTS
New Approaches in Environmental Engineering CEV365 5 3 + 0 6

Prerequisites None

Language Turkish
Level Bachelor's Degree
Type Elective
Coordinator Assoc.Prof. AYTEN GENÇ
Instructors Assoc.Prof. AYTEN GENÇ
Goals Students will learn the new technologies developed in environmental subjects together with the innovative approaches for the solutions of environmental problems
Contents Sustainable development, sustainable life, emission reduction, cost function, environment and social life, product life cycle, environmental policies and management, environmental policies and innovation, green energy technologies
Work Placement(s) Absent

Number Learning Outcomes
1 Student can define the difference between sustainable development and sustainable life
2 Students can write the cost function that can define technological progress
3 Students can write the cost function for emission reduction
4 Students can present examples from green energy technologies
5 Students can define innovation and present activies that can be included in environmental policies

Mode of Delivery Face-to-Face
Planned Learning Activities & Teaching Methods Lecture, presentation, project
Assessment Methods Midterm exam (Week 10), Homework, Report, Final exam

Course Content
Week Topics Study Materials
1 Definition of sustainable development Students read pages 11-22 from the textbook
2 Theories on environmental technological progress Students read pages 63-75 from the textbook
3 Projecting cost of emissions reductions - Best available technologies Students read pages 23-45 from the textbook
4 Theories on the cost functions of emissions reductions Students read pages 47-61 from the textbook
5 Productivity and environmental demands
6 Effect increasing and cost reducing technological progresses
7 Factors that contribute to technological progress Students select their project subject and start library search
8 Case studies: examples from treatment technologies Students prepare their reports and presentations
9 case study: examples from green energy technology Students prepare their reports and presentations
10 Students presentation and project submission
11 Social demands and environmental management Students read pages 77-89 from the textbook
12 Life cycle valuation Students read pages 89-101 from the textbook
13 Model for environmental strategies
14 Environmental policy for innovation Students read pages 103-118 from the textbook

Textbook Y. Krozer, "Innovations and Environment1", Springer- Verbag London Limited, London, 2008
Additional Resources M.Weber, J. Hemmelskamp, "Towards Environmental Innovations Systems", Springer- Heidelberg, 2005

Assessment System Quantity Percentage
In-Term Studies
Mid-terms 1 80
Projects 1 10
Presentation / Preparing Seminar 1 10
In-Term Total 3 100
Contribution of In-Term Studies to Overall 50
Contribution of Final Exam to Overall 50
Total 100

Course's Contribution to PLO
No Key Learning Outcomes Level
1 2 3 4 5
1 Engineering graduates with application skills of fundamental scientific knowledge in the engineering practice.
2 Determines, defines, formulates and solves problems in engineering; fort his aim selects and applies the appropriate analytical models and modeling techniques.
3 Analyses a system, system component or process and in order to meet the requirements, designs under realistic conditions; thus applies modern techniques of design.
4 Selects and uses modern techniques and devices necessary for engineering applications.
5 Designs and carries out experiments, collects data, analyzes and comments on the findings.
6 Works effectively and individually on multi disciplinary teams.
7 Accesses knowledge, and to do this, does research, uses databases and other data sources.
8 Is aware of the importance of lifelong learning; follows advances in science and technology and updates his knowledge continuously.
9 Uses communication and information technology at least at advanced level of European Computer Driving License
10 Communicates effectively both orally and in writing; uses a foreign language at least at B1 level of European Language Portfolio.
11 Communicates using technical drawing.
12 Has the awareness of Professional ethics and responsibility.
13 Has awareness about Project management, workplace applications, health of workers, environment and work security; and about legal consequences of engineering applications.
14 Indicates that he is aware of the universal and social effects of engineering solutions and applications; is aware of entrepreneurship and innovativeness and is knowledgeable about the problems of the current age.
15 Makes use of conceptual and applied knowledge in mathematics, science and in his own area in accordance for engineering solutions.

Activities Quantity Duration (Hour) Total Work Load (h)
Course Duration 14 3 42
Hours for off-the-classroom study (Pre-study, practice) 10 3 30
Assignments 5 2 10
Presentation / Preparing Seminar 1 40 40
Projects 1 50 50
Mid-terms 1 3 3
Final examination 1 3 3
Total Work Load (h) 178
Total Work Load / 30 (h) 5.93
ECTS Credit of the Course 6


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Photography Classes in Ruby LA

Interested in taking photography classes in Ruby LA? No matter if you are a professional, beginner, or hobbyist, the most effective way to improve your photography skills is through hands-on classes with professional instructors.

Louisiana offers many recognized and accredited photography schools. Subjects taught in photography classes include lighting techniques, digital capture, outdoor photography, exposure, composition, and many other basic and advanced camera techniques. Growing into an experienced photographer can lead to a lifelong hobby or a booming professional career.

There are many Photography Classes in Ruby LA:

  • Photography 101 in Ruby
  • Digital Photography Classes in Ruby
  • Nature Photography Classes in Ruby
  • Editorial Photography Classes in Ruby
  • Studio Photography Classes in Ruby
  • Photojournalism Classes in Ruby

Ruby LA Photography Classes

Louisiana Tech University
305 Wisteria
Ruston, Louisiana 71272

Phone: (318) 257-2000
91.71 miles away

Kilgore College
1100 Broadway
Kilgore, Texas 75662-3299

Phone: (903) 984-8531
159.89 miles away

Antonelli College-Jackson
2323 Lakeland Drive
Jackson, Mississippi 39232

Phone: (601) 362-9991
161.27 miles away

Tyler Junior College
1400 East Fifth Street
Tyler, Texas 75798

Phone: (903) 510-2200
179.81 miles away

Sam Houston State University
1806 Ave J
Huntsville, Texas 77340

Phone: (936) 294-1111
182.23 miles away

University of Houston
212 E. Cullen Building
Houston, Texas 77204-2018

Phone: (713) 743-1000
196.45 miles away


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Osborne RIFT Axis (950)

Product Description for Osborne RIFT Axis (950)

Maker: Benchmade (click to see more by this maker)
Item num: 86049
Blade length: 3.75 in.
Total length: 8.31 in.
Blade height (at heel): 1.15 in.
Blade thickness (near bolster): 0.12 in.
Item weight: 3.75 oz.
Shipment weight: 5.45 oz.
Blade: 154CM stainless steel, HRC 58-61
Handle: Heavily milled G10 for tactile grip
Style: Folding AXIS lock
Description: The 950 Rift is packed with features to help get the job done, opening in a millisecond with just a thumb and a flick of the
wrist. The premium industrial grade steel body isn’t light, but pairing it with a lightweight composite handle keeps this utility blade pocket-sized. The blade features a reverse tanto for toughness, and a large belly for all the utility cutting you can throw at it. Heavily milled and textured G10 scales to help you get a firm grip on any situation.

  • Designed by Warren Osborne
  • Heavy duty tactical knife
  • Fully adjustable blade pivot
  • One-hand ambidextrous function with dual thumb-studs
  • Slip resistant aluminum and G-10 handle
  • 154CM stainless steel blade (HRC 58-61), reverse tanto point
  • Clip: Tip up, reversible, black split-arrow
  • Class: Black
  • Made in the USA

Availability: Not currently available


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Garden & Grounds Maintenance in Leeds

Garden & Grounds Maintenance

EPM Landscape offer a range of garden services, from lawn mowing, seasonal pruning, hedge cutting, border care and weed control to mulching, gravel beds, general tidying and one off garden clearance.

EPM Landscape specialise in maintenance for residential and commercial sites.

We can offer one off tidy ups as well as regular, fortnightly, monthly and quarterly maintenance programmes that are all tailored to meet the client's requirements.

  • Lawn mowing
  • Trimming
  • Trimming banks
  • Lawn care treatment
  • Scarifying
  • Edging
  • Hoeing
  • Weed kill treatment
  • Hedge cutting
  • Pruning shrubs
  • Landscaping
  • Gravel beds
  • Mulching
  • Turfing
  • Sweeping
  • Litter collection
  • Collection of leaves
  • Border care

  • Hotels
  • Car showrooms
  • Shopping complexes
  • Industrial estates
  • Schools & nurseries
  • Sports centres
  • Public houses
  • Care homes


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Measuring the impact of an on-line maths support system

Gallimore, Michael (2013) Measuring the impact of an on-line maths support system. In: CETL-MSOR Conference 2013, 10-11 September 2013, University of Coventry.

CETL MSOR 2013.pdf
CETL MSOR 2013.pdf - Whole Document

Item Type:Conference or Workshop contribution (Presentation)
Item Status:Live Archive

The ever growing gap between secondary and university level mathematics continues to be a major concern to higher education institutions. The increase in diversity of students’ background in mathematics, from students who have studied the more traditional A-level programmes to students with BTEC or international qualifications and part-time students who have been out of education for long periods, means that they are often unprepared for the marked shift in levels and catering for all abilities is difficult in the normal lecture, tutorial format. Lack of sufficient mathematical knowledge not only affects students’ success on courses but also leads to disengagement and thus a high drop-out rate in the first 2 years of study. Many universities now offer a maths support service in an attempt to overcome this but their success is varied. Previously, the author presented a novel on-line approach to maths support designed and adopted by the University of Lincoln, School of Engineering and funded as part of the National HE STEM Programme, to bridge this transition gap for students, offer continued support through assessment for learning (AFL) and ultimately increase student success, engagement and retention. On-line diagnostic tests, containing levelled exam style questions, are administered after each taught topic which highlights specific support areas for each student. Support is then offered via numerous on-line resources and more traditional weekly timetabled sessions tailored to individual student needs. The system also incorporates a ‘student expert’ system as a way of encouraging peer-to-peer support and harnessing the knowledge of gifted and talented students. The on-line system builds on a previous system developed by Lincoln which was proven to increase student success, retention and engagement.
Since its implementation in September 2012, the new on-line system has proven to be a huge success not only in terms of monitoring the progress of students and offering targeted support but also as a way of addressing the issues surrounding poor engagement in maths support. Results show that with this system in place there is further improvement in student achievement for all students. They also show that for those students who still did not engage in the more traditional ‘out of hours’ support sessions, they still achieved high marks purely through the on-line system. This paper presents these results.

Keywords:Maths support, Transition
Subjects:X Education > X900 Others in Education
Divisions:College of Science > School of Engineering
Related URLs:
ID Code:11925
Deposited On:17 Sep 2013 11:34

Repository Staff Only: item control page


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Category 1 diabetes and vascular event a great success

Artery grafting

Epworth HealthCare, together with the Eastern Melbourne PHN, held a Category 1 diabetes and vascular GP symposium at Epworth Eastern on Saturday 30 April. The event was very well received by the attendees, with excellent feedback being given to the GP Liaison Unit.

The topic of the first plenary session was renal complications of diabetes with speaker Dr Vatsa Dave, Nephrologist. The second plenary session covered causes, prevention and treatment of stroke with a focus on the importance of rapid treatment for TIA to ensure the best possible outcome with Dr Amanda Gilligan, Neurologist, Dr Jay Hocking, Haematologist and Dr Lachlan Maddock, Vascular Surgeon.

The afternoon sessions comprised of rotating workshops on veins and arteries with Dr Iman Bayat, Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon, Dr Domenic Robinson, Vascular Surgeon and Mr Patrick Pritzwald-Stegmann, Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeon addressing PVD, venous disease and aneurysms respectively.

The second set of workshops covered vascular complications with regards to erectile dysfunction by Mr Justin Chee and diabetes and the heart by Dr Monique Watts.

Attendees thought the topics were entirely relevant to their practice, said the group sizes, especially for the workshops were just right and felt that the case based sessions were engaging.

View our upcoming education events.


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Equip Offshore Pte Ltd

24 Raffles Place. 26-01A Clifford Center. Singapore 048621
+65 6226 0360

Concrete Weight Coating

Concrete Weight Coating

Concrete Weight Coating Process Selection

Selmers provides plants for the application of concrete in various set-ups that are mostly determined by site conditions and the required operational speed. Possible plant configurations are for instance:

  • coating pipe by pipe where each pipe is put on buggies and passes along the applicator
  • coating pipe by pipe where the applicator passes along the pipe
  • continuous coating, where pipes pass the applicator in one endless string (high speed)

Plant set-up

Besides the required concrete mixing plant (usually batch type) a plant set-up generally includes the following typical equipment that all can be engineered, supplied and/or advised by Selmers:

  • pre & post weighing scales
  • anode application equipment
  • curing promotion facilities such as steam chambers, foil wraps, compound sprays, etc.
  • pipe handling buggies
  • pipe end finishing & touch-up equipment

Pipe Handling

Concrete weight coating plants typically involve many single pipe handling actions, making pipe logistic and important focus in these plants. Selmers is a specialist in proving lay out solutions that address efficient logistics in combination with flexibility and consideration of investment costs.

Selmers has developed innovative pipe handling systems for concrete coating plants such as multiple pipe indexers, push systems (hampel), pipe indexers, pipe carousel systems, transverse buggies and chain conveyors which reduce workforce and increase production efficiency.


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Jason Dore
Erath High Class of 1989

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Tag: Sittwe

Early sunrise/ Vroege ochtendzon

The early morning sunrise gives you magnifint possibilities for a different view. Here some examples mostly taken in Myanmar….

Fishermen – Images of fishermen most of them around Inle Lake in Myanmar.

Because of a couple of reasons I was not able to publish posts on this blog during the last months. I will try to show you now more regurarly new images based on the work shot during my last trips. I have not been in South East Asia since the beginning of last year (2012)…

Men at work (in Myanmar)

After my last post “Cooking at open fire” people asked me to show this time men at work. This post “Men at work” address that issue at several places in Myanmar. Craftsman in a small village near Mrauk U In a small laquerware factory near Bagan At a jetty in Yangon Fisherman at Inle Lake…


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CollectionDX Network

4 comments posted
Seems to be a design that's

Seems to be a design that's form over function.

VZMK2's picture
Posted by VZMK2 on 22 January, 2018 - 12:29

That robot mode is a hot mess.

Heavyarms's picture
Posted by Heavyarms on 22 January, 2018 - 16:16

I'm guessing with Hasbro's first run of movie Dinobots, they were going for eye-popping colors to lure kids in. Visually, this is an improvement. But that's not saying much. I'll pass & save the $15-20 to go towards MP-41 or FP Pinchar, dinosaurs that don't fail.

Optimal III's picture
Posted by Optimal III on 23 January, 2018 - 04:52

I completely agree, this figure is really only good for the color scheme, although I will say I still think his dinosaur mode is pretty good. That being said, its n o t worth $20!

Honestly, I would be ok with the $20 price if the figures were actually worth it, but honestly the only one that’s worth the price now is probably cogman, but he’s pretty difficult to find for even that!

Who is Hasbro trying to fool by having us pay $5 more for slash, a figure who was bad when he cost $15! It’s annoying...

That being said, it worked on me, but even paying $15 is too much for this figure

quinncat's picture
Posted by quinncat on 29 January, 2018 - 09:49
CollectionDX OtakuDX Love is Pop WTF Toy


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Copra raises £40,000 for Look Good Feel Better

Copra 1

The Cosmetic and Perfumery Retailers Association, Copra, welcomed over 650 guests, comprising of influential Beauty Industry insiders, to its annual Christmas Ball, held at the renowned Park Plaza Hotel, Westminster Bridge, London, on Thursday 9th November 2017.

The glamourous and glitzy event based around a ‘Hollywood Red Carpet’ theme, saw visitors being welcomed to a drinks reception, where they were greeted by elegant top hat and tails Hollywood dancers followed by an extravagant dinner, before hitting the dance floor to live performances until the early hours of the morning.

Copra 2

The aim of the Beauty Industry’s annual Christmas Party event is to raise as much money as possible for Look Good Feel Better, in order to help men, women and teenagers face cancer with confidence. This year, Copra was delighted to announce that the funds raised totalled £40,000.

“The night was a fabulous success. We would like to thank all of our wonderful supporters and sponsors. A big thank you to you all, for helping us achieve this year’s total funds raised of £40K. Furthermore Copra would like to thank everyone involved for their kindness and continued support and look forward to welcoming everyone to the 2018 events” said the Copra team.

2018 Diary Dates

COPRA Awards Lunch 23rd May 2018 @ the Dorchester Hotel, London W1

COPRA Ball 8th November 2018 @ the Park Plaza Hotel on Westminster Bridge, London SE1

For more information or to discuss sponsorship opportunities for 2018 please contact: or Camilla Pascucci or visit


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Welcome to Estate Sales So. Ca.

My Commitment to you.........

 My job is to work with you to sell the contents of your home. From start to finish,  I will prepare, advertise and conduct your estate sale. My goal is to bring as many interested buyers to your sale and to achieve outstanding sales results.

 It is my privilege to provide you with a personalized service dedicated to honesty, flexibility and reliability, as well as creative problem solving. My policy is to show kindness, understanding and compassion during a difficult time for family members.

 An “estate sale” generally refers to the sale of personal property. It differs from a garage sale in that it usually involves the entire contents of a household, often accumulated over the course of a lifetime, and is normally held inside the home. An estate sale can be held after a loved one’s death or move to a nursing facility, when downsizing or moving from your home, in the case of divorce, or any other emotional lifestyle change.

 I am compassionate to the emotions you may be feeling over the sale of your family’s personal possessions. With my undivided attention and greatest respect, I take care of the important yet often overwhelming and painful burden of liquidating an estate.

My courteous and respectful staff is committed to making your estate sale as easy and successful as possible.

Estate Sales So. Ca.


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QSC RAVE 88s Firmware Update failed, unit bricked (full recovery)

QSC RAVE Firmware Corruption via Update Failure

A while ago I picked up a pair of QSC RAVE 88S. These magic wonders from my favorite commercial audio company use technology from PEAK Audio/Cirrus Logic to shove audio across computer networks at low latency. This system is called CobraNet, and it’s implemented in hardware from a number of companies. I think it’s legacy now, with the newer Dante standard getting all the love. These RAVE 88S are pretty crusty, having been superseded by units from the QSC BASIS line. However, home user + budget = the cheap $20 units from eBay. I remember getting them working, then I put them on a shelf for later use. The 88S models each features 4 stereo pairs of digital audio in and out (AES/EBU, which is like the coaxial connection you find on some CD, DVD, DAT, MiniDisc and computer sound cards. 2 channels, not 5.1 or 7.1. It cannot do 8 channels from ADAT. AES/EBU is the professional version of the digital RCA jack, using a balanced XLR connector.) There are other models that are 16 in, or 16 out, and another series of analog in and out. I’d really like some of the analog ones like the 161S, but there is more competition to get hold of those.

MAGFest is coming up and this is motivation to get a lot of stuff working. I borrowed from my friend Robert 3 CobraNet endpoints from PRN. I didn’t have much luck with them but didn’t realize one of my RAVE 88S wasn’t transmitting any audio on the network so I need to go back and investigate further. The PRN units might attenuate the audio level based on room sound level — not sure. It’s in the patent.

Through the magic of looking at eBay, which I try to avoid, I picked up 3 QSC BASIS 904zz units. These are CobraNet endpoints, they’re much newer, and they have the functionality of controlling the amplifiers I own from QSC. I have an older unit called a CM16A which has similar functionality, but without CobraNet and without the DSP. I didn’t know what I was getting into, but the BASIS is just totally bad ass. Similar to modern DAW programs you can draw out “cable routing” between the CobraNet audio coming in, the DSP system and the amplifiers attached to the unit. Many band EQs, Crossovers, Delays based on feet per second of sound travel… doodle it in the software, sync it to the unit and it’s there. I didn’t even know it could do this stuff, I was just after CobraNet out that worked!

BUT… on to screwing up the firmware in my RAVE units. I was having tons of problems with the PAM units receiving audio from my RAVE units. The RAVE units are configured with this utility known as CobraNet Disco (CobraNet Discovery.) All the CobraNet stuff seems to be based off of reference designs, but I’m not sure 100%. After a lot of fighting with the RAVE boxes I finally decide that I should bring the RAVE units to the same version of CobraNet / firmware as the BASIS units are running and the PRN units are running. So I use the Disco utility + firmware snatched via Archive.org (RAVE boxes are old!) and … clicked update.

The utility kicks in, does it’s thing till about 3/4ths of the way … then freezes. It says it can’t do it’s thing any more, and halts. I try again, no go. I try to upload the firmware that was in the unit originally, and it doesn’t work either. Take a deep breath, power cycle the thing…. and it’s a 1u rackmount brick.

I try setting the rotary encoders on the front to FFFF, no go. Apparently there is a recovery method outside the one I came up with, TFTP + RARP style that QSC has. But I don’t know the details.

I took my unit apart, because who doesn’t want to know whats inside. It’s a lot of screws. But once inside I notice after picking off a sticker that the main program store chip is an AMD flash device. I pull the chip, throw it in the programmer and save off the contents. For giggles, I upload the firmware straight from the HEX file that the Disco utility uses, slam it in the RAVE 88S and it boots fine. One caveat, and that is the MAC address is half FF’s. The vendor side is okay but the unique unit side is not.

In the earlier firmware I did find the MAC address near offset 00007C04 in the chip. On the earlier version of the firmware I believe the MAC address was in there straight, but the newer version has FF padding in between each octet. So you will need to randomize this otherwise the use of two units on the same network switch will go south.

The flash chip is an AM29F010B in my units.

Now, one of my units for some reason doesn’t work. It doesn’t take digital audio and put it on the network. I think it RX’s fine but just won’t transmit. This is what threw me off since I was trying to do use the PRN units with this one. The second RAVE 88S, I had to hit it to get it to work (no ethernet link/no LEDs at all except one pulsing.) Technical tap they call it. After pushing down on all the seated chips (probably GAL/PAL type chips since there are versions written on them?) I haven’t had an issue. I think the unit that won’t transmit audio — it might be a SNMP value that is wrong but I haven’t spent the time to try to compare the output of snmpwalk against both units (Disco utility I think mostly uses SNMP to do all control functions.)

I was also concerned the RAVE 88S wouldn’t lock up to 44.1KHz and would require 48KHz bitrate. This isn’t true, it has sample rate conversion internal. I’ve been driving mine with both a Denon CD player and a minidisc field recorder, single ended into the XLR.

I never did solve why Disco can’t update the firmware. I didn’t have it on an isolated network, so that might be one issue.

I do plan to try to make fan out cables from the DB-HD-15 connectors on the BASIS units to hook them to 3rd party self amplified PA speakers (the BASIS units I have are meant to only connect straight to QSC amplifiers via the dataport connector on the back, a VGA type cable (that has to have all wires in the cable separate and straight though! Cheap VGA cables not ideal – shared grounds!!))

Also, did I mention, the BASIS units are way cool!!

And in case you came here sniffing around, here is the last versions of the RAVE firmware (Note the topic of this post about bricking units trying to update firmware:
QSC RAVE Firmware Files – The last ones


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Browse our Calendar!

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Date : Tuesday, 02 April 2019
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Date : Thursday, 11 April 2019
Date : Saturday, 20 April 2019

Modernising Cultural and Creative Industries within the EU: Discussing the New European Agenda for Culture

Education and Culture
Date: Wednesday, 06 February 2019 10:00 - 16:30

Venue: Thon Hotel Brussels City Centre

Cultural and Creative sectors occupy a significant place in today’s European economy, by contributing to innovation, investment, digital modernisation and cultural tourism. The Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) generate indeed around €509 billion per year, representing 5.3% of the EU’s total GDP and employ 12 million full-time jobs, which constitutes 7.5% of the EU’s employment and the third largest employer sector in the EU (European Commission, 2018). More than the economic value added to the EU’s GDP, cultural and creative sectors promote the European culture within and beyond the EU’s borders. In a political context characterised by the questioning of the European project, cultural and creative sectors have the potential to strengthen the European identities, cultural diversity and values; favour the critical thinking and build bridge between art, culture, business and technology in order to bring the European citizens closer.

In the last years, the EU has developed various projects in the framework of the 2015-18 Work Plan for Culture and the 2020 Horizon programmes to finance and support Cultural and Creative Industries. However, market fragmentation, insufficient access to finance and uncertainties in salaries conditions continue to undermine the cultural participation and development. In response to the Council’s invitation to do more in the cultural sector, in May 2018 the European Commission adopted a proposal for a New European Agenda for Culture. The New Agenda aims to harness the power of culture and cultural diversity for social cohesion; bolster the common European identity; support jobs and growth in cultural and creative sectors and to strengthen international cultural relations.

With the evolution of globalisation and digitalisation in modern life, the New European Agenda for Culture embraces the innovation in cultural and creative sectors. This goes with the adaptation of education and training to address the technological and business skills deficit and bring about evolution in the cultural sector. Moreover, it is currently assessed that there is a need for continuous assessment to ensure that the regulatory framework complies with intellectual property rights, consumer protection, online distribution and the establishment and operation of business rules in a digital era.

This timely symposium will evaluate recent initiatives and policy developments in the field of Cultural and Creative Industries from the EU to tackle the emerging challenges to the sector. Participants will exchange views, perspectives and good practices on the possible strategies to tackle these challenges, and will debate the role of CCIs in national politics, education, international communication and social inclusion.

Delegates will:

  • Find out about the European initiatives to boost the CCIs sector, such as the New Agenda for Culture of 2018.
  • Discuss the CCIs’ role in creating social cohesion and mutual identity within the EU
  • Explore ways to adapt to the changes in the creative and cultural sectors in a global and digital era
  • Identify ways to get access to the European market for companies operating in the CCIs
  • Analyse methods to tackle current challenges in the cultural sectors such as artists’ mobility and contract stability
  • Learn from good practices of other members states aimed at supporting the creative and cultural sectors based on cultural exchanges

09:15 Registration and Morning Refreshments
10:00 Chair's Welcome and Opening Remarks

Analysing the European Legislative Framework: Facilitating European Cultural and Creative Industries Development within and outside the EU

  • Assessing the EU Current Framework and Projects for Cultural and Creative Industries
  • Discussing the Commission’s Proposal for a New European Agenda for Culture
  • Meeting Financing Needs: Optimising Available Funding
  • Supporting the European CCIs Abroad to Ensure a Comprehensive International Cultural Representation
10:50 First Round of Discussions
11.30 Morning Coffee Break

Strengthening the Cultural and Creative Sectors Across the Member States

  • Exploring the Dynamics of a Changing Market: Reducing the Market Fragmentation
  • Addressing Opportunities for Small Innovative Companies and Obstacles for the Traditional Ones
  • Addressing Cross-Border Challenges: Ensuring Mobility and Secure Working Conditions for Culture Professionals
  • Assessing and Sharing Good Practices in National and Local Levels
  • Recognising the Potential of Culture and Creativity for a Sustainable Economic Development, Peace and Tolerance
12:20 Second Round of Discussions
13.00 Networking Lunch

Modernising and Innovating Cultural and Creative Sectors in a Digital Era

  • Realising the Potential of Digital Cultural Heritage in Creating Social Cohesion and Innovation
  • Facilitating the Creativity Process:  Towards more Effective Cultural and Creative Sectors
  • Looking into the Changes in Author Rights Management, Remuneration and Producer-Client Relations
  • Boosting Synergies between Education and Culture by Strengthening Technological and Business Skills Needed in CCI Sectors
14.40 Third Round of Discussions
15:20 Chair's Summary and Closing Remarks
15.30 Networking Reception and Refreshments
16.00 Symposium Close

Avenue du Boulevard 17, 1210 Brussels

All Dates

  • Wednesday, 06 February 2019 10:00 - 16:30

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Expectations of College Attendance

In Episode 12 of the Two Guys and Your Money Podcast several PF bloggers discussed the financial impact of having children.  They briefly touched on savings for college.  In what kinds of vehicles to save for college is a very popular topic around the PF blogosphere but I was surprised to hear that several of the participants did not plan on saving for their children’s college educations within tax-advantaged education accounts.  More than that, they weren’t even certain that their children would go to college.

Even with all the discussions going on now on the enormous price of a college education, the high unemployment rate of recent college graduates, and all the great jobs/entrepreneurship endeavors that can lead to success without a college degree, I still fully believe that my future kids will go to college (barring developmental disabilities).

I think it boils down to two reasons – our educations and the expectations put on us.

I mean, Kyle and I are on track to get PhDs – it would be super weird for the child of two PhDs to not even get a 4-year degree, right?  That would be a big departure from the family norm we’re setting up.  We obviously highly value education and I would expect that by age 18 our child’s values would probably still be rather close to ours.  Between nature, nurture, and some financial assistance for us, college would be a lock for our future children, I think.

Kyle and I both grew up with the expectation that we would get at least bachelor’s degrees.  We each have a parent with a master’s degree and education was strongly emphasized and encouraged.  I even joke that Kyle has “Asian parents” in the sense that they put a lot of pressure on him to get the best grades (my parents were more of the cheerleader type – everything I did was wonderful).  I don’t know any other kind of expectation to set in a family as far as career preparation goes!

The weird thing, though, is that even though my siblings and I all grew up in the same household, neither of them is on track, as of now, to get a bachelor’s degree.  I though that I had to go to college – no ifs, ands, or buts – but clearly my siblings did not perceive the same edict from our parents!

Anyway I guess I’m sort of a traditionalist and conservative!  I know what the benefits of college are but I don’t know how another path would benefit my child.  Kyle and I do hope to start an educational savings account when we have our first kid, budget/income willing.

I have the same questions for you in poll form so please answer each of them and add your thoughts in the comments as well.

Did your parents expect you to attend college?

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What level of education have you completed?

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What do you expect regarding your (future) children’s educations?

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What were the expectations regarding college in your parents’ home and how does that match up with what you did and what you expect of your (future) children?  Do you think we’re over-the-top with 100% believing that our children, who we don’t even know yet, will go to college?

photo from Free Digital Photos

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23 Responses to "Expectations of College Attendance"

  1. My parents always strongly encouraged college but never forced it. I will do the same with our children. I want them to go but I will never force them to do anything. I just hope they follow my wife and I by example.

    1. Emily says:

      Oh, I think forcing a kid to go to college is really counter-productive. My parents sort of tried that with my siblings. I just 100% believe my kids will want to go. 🙂

  2. AverageJoe says:

    I’m not sure my two votes should count (should have thought about that BEFORE I voted, but I’m a bear of little brain). My kids are both seniors in high school and I know they’re headed to college. It’s been a foregone conclusion, though, since they were about 10 years old that college was the path they were on. So, while we didn’t force them, it’s been the way we’ve headed.
    AverageJoe recently posted..Blog Post of the Fortnight! by Thirty Six Months

    1. Emily says:

      So it wasn’t a foregone conclusion from before age 10? At what age did you start saving?

      Congrats BTW on raising them all the way to the end of high school!

  3. Julia says:

    Have you seen this? http://moneyland.time.com/2012/10/12/why-college-may-be-totally-free-within-10-years/

    I just finished a course (Intro to Finance) on coursera.org as well, and I really loved the experience. On the other hand, as a PhD Candidate as well, I really value the education I’ve received in the traditional ways, and benefit from the “normal” educational system.

    I really need to address the issue, but I’m very interested in the new online mechanisms for education.
    Julia recently posted..Grad Student Life: I got overwhelmed.

    1. Emily says:

      The online education thing is getting tons of attention right now but I’m not convinced the traditional higher educational system will be supplanted within a generation. Half the battle is getting the knowledge and experience and mentorship and the other half is demonstrating competency and creativity. Oh, and peers! I would say my peers were the best thing about my college, after the faculty. Difficult to see how that will be replicated/improved upon. But we’ll see! I really don’t think, though, that the real price of college will continue to inflate as it has in the past few years.

  4. SWR says:

    3/4 of my grandparents had bachelor’s degrees, every member of my parents’ generation has at least a bachelor’s degree (and all but one of them have at least a Masters).

    College was a non-negotiable for my generation. BUT (and this is a big but) our parents paid for our college. That is true for me and for all of my cousins. I expect that all but one of my (able-bodied) cousins and siblings will have at least a Master’s degree- spouses included.

    If my children are physically and mentally able to attend college, they will. And I will pay. It’s how this family works. If I have a child who doesn’t want to follow that path, they are going to have to bear the burden of proving to me why they should be exempted.
    SWR recently posted..And then the car broke

    1. Emily says:

      Dogmatic! But I like it. I think it will be difficult to predict the cost of college far in advance though – unless you are certain your income/lifestyle disparity will be enough to cash flow it? Both of our sets of parents paid for at least a majority of the cost of our college and I would like to pay that forward as well.

      Come to think of it, all of my (of age) cousins are in or have completed college, too, so I guess my siblings are the exception of my extended family as well! And I guess there’s still a chance that they could finish up somewhere – one of my siblings just got re-serious about college and the other has an associate’s and so could finish up without too much more time invested. My mom didn’t start her bachelor’s until she was 21 and didn’t officially graduate until she was, like, 28!

  5. Michelle says:

    I’m not sure what I’ll end up doing. As long as they’re successful, I’ll be happy 🙂 And of course successful can be defined in many ways.
    Michelle recently posted..Avoiding the Commercialization of Christmas

    1. Emily says:

      So maybe it will just depend on the aptitude of the child? Does your boyfriend have any higher ed?

      1. Michelle says:

        No he doesn’t. He takes after his dad in that way. His dad only has his high school degree but is very successful and high up at his company. Even though I have multiple degrees, I believe that experience is better than education.
        Michelle recently posted..Avoiding the Commercialization of Christmas

  6. Emily too says:

    My parents really encouraged it – at the one point when I was really stressed out in high school and said maybe I didn’t want to go, my mom smiled and said sweetly, “Ok, honey. If there is something else you would like to do that is productive and makes a difference in the world, we are 100% behind you and want to support you and help come up with a plan.” I was like, “what? other things? what other things ARE there?!” That makes me think that it’s important to think about other options long before the actual point of decision comes at age 17, since I was not equipped to NOT go. (Not that I regret it – college was awesome, all the careers I’ve ever wanted generally required an MA or PhD, and I am on track to get a childhood dream job. But if I wanted an alternative I would’ve floundered for a long time.)

    For my own kids, I’d probably encourage college, but try to be open to other ideas and be on the lookout for other ways they could use their talents. And either way, I’d do my best to save to help them out, and it would be a lot better to be able to pay tuition if they do go than to have extra money in the bank if they don’t.

    1. Emily says:

      I agree that thinking outside the college box should start far earlier than senior year of high school. I think gap years can be really valuable and now that I’ve been immersed in the PF blogosphere I wish I had thought about side hustles, running a business, or building a personal brand earlier. But I also had no idea there was anything other than getting straight through college!

  7. I expect my children to go to college (and we will pay the entire bill). College isn’t about job training for us; it is a coming of age experience. And I won’t say college was the happiest 4 years of my life (I really like being an adult), but it sure beat most of the previous 17 years.

    Now, if our kids want to drop out sophomore year to pursue other opportunities, sure, they gave it the old college try and probably got what they needed from it.
    nicoleandmaggie recently posted..Is GDP how we should be measuring success: A deliberately controversial post

    1. Emily says:

      I definitely agree that college is a coming of age experience, but I sort of view it as job training as well, at least in engineering. I’m glad I had a liberal arts education.

      Are you saving the full sum in tax-advantaged educational accounts? If so, what will you do if one or more child leaves school early or gets some grant/scholarship money?

      1. An excellent question. Fortunately there’s 5 years between the two kids. http://nicoleandmaggie.wordpress.com/2012/08/01/august-mortgage-update-and-ponderings-on-529-plans/

        Sure, there can be job training in college, though one can still be an engineer with a different undergraduate by getting a masters degree. The job training part is just irrelevant to whether or not I think my kids should go.
        Nicoleandmaggie recently posted..mothers helpers

  8. NoTrustFund says:

    We expect our kids to go to college and are currently saving at a rate that would allow us to pay for all of it. Not only is college important for future job prospects but also for the non-academic aspects of college. Our kids are so little that I haven’t even thought about what we’d do if they didn’t want to attend. I guess we’ll cross that bridge when we come to it.
    NoTrustFund recently posted..Interview: Reader Kellen

    1. Emily says:

      Paying for all of school definitely takes some pressure off kids. Are you saving for public or private school and how do you predict what you’ll need?

  9. A bit of a problem with the first poll question. Of course the first option is an exaggeration, but there is a big difference between expecting EVERYONE to go to college and expecting YOU to go to college. I can’t remember a time when it wasn’t expected that I go to college, although I’m sure there was a time because I was nearly delayed from starting kindergarten (which would have been really ironic when the offer came for me to skip 6th grade). But there was certainly no expectation that everyone should go, especially since few people in my family have ever attempted college and many of those dropped out after a year.

    Based on my experiences in school, I would say that instead of focusing on outcomes (like going to college) I would focus on the process. Push my kids to do their very best, instead of doing good. If they are academically successful, they will want to go to college themselves and they will be prepared for it. Unlike me who found middle and high school so easy that I never studied and then struggled in college where academic rigor required a skill I had never developed.
    Edward Antrobus recently posted..My Money Pet Peeve: Skipping Frugality Because Earning More is Better

    1. Emily says:

      Yeah my hyperbole in that option got a little away from me! I guess I experienced both when I was a kid – that I thought college was the natural next step after high school for everyone, including me for sure. Definitely I see in your situation it was the “it depends on the kid” and for you the expectation was there.

      I think your point about process goals is a good one. For my life I prefer process goals to out come but I never thought about applying that to kids and college.

      My college apparently perpetually has students like you! The first semester of freshman year is pass/fail so that students who universally did well in high school, in many cases without serious effort, could get accustomed to the workload and intellectual rigor of college and see their first D grades without freaking out over their GPAs.

  10. I hope our daughter will go to college and I will prepare her for that route.If she has no clue about what direction she wants to go, I would rather her figure it out a little bit before going to college just to go to college. My husband went to college right after high school and majored in partying. He flunked out and when he decided what he really wanted to do (become a teacher) in his mid twenties, he had to spend a whole year at community college making up for that lost year before he could start on his degree. I’ve always been a chronic overachiever, so she’ll probably fall somewhere in the middle. We just expect her to be productive, honest, and hard working at whatever she decides to do, but I hope a degree is involved somewhere.
    Kim@Eyesonthedollar recently posted..Can’t Take My Eyes Off These Blogs #9-Brothel Edition

    1. Emily says:

      It’s probably hard to know when an unfocused teenager is ready for college or should try something else for a while. I bet your child will value college as well since both you and your husband do now.

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Our Hahnenbach: new stream - renewed quality of life in the district

For over 80 years, the fenced-off open sewage channel “Hahnenbach” in Gladbeck-Brauck was considered an unsightly obstacle in the district. In order to create a space here that both reduces the effects of climate change and improves the quality of life of local residents, the Emschergenossenschaft (Emscher Association) set up the project “Our Hahnenbach” in conjunction with the City of Gladbeck and the district office in Brauck, and carried out a comprehensive renaturalisation of the watercourse – with the involvement of local people. The newly created waterside adventure trail now serves as a habitat and a space for recreation and education.

Like so many watercourses near the Emscher river, the Hahnenbach in Gladbeck-Brauck was also an area to be avoided: the concrete-lined stream was not an inviting place to spend any time – not least because of the unpleasant smell. As part of the collaborative project “Together for the New Emscher Valley”, the “Our Hahnenbach” waterside adventure trail was developed here by the City of Gladbeck, Gladbeck-Brauck District Office and the Emscher Association, with the active involvement of local residents. Now, the stream once again winds its way in a green corridor through the urban district – this one-time blot on the landscape has become a recreational area.

Engine for progress:

  • Reintegration of the watercourse into the district
  • Development of awareness of natural aquatic ecosystems
  • Adaptation to the effects of climate change by providing cooling and an improved microclimate
  • Enhanced quality of life as a result of upgrading the aquatic environment

1 of 4

Photo: Emschergenossenschaft

The Hahnenbach as it was before: certainly not a place to relax.

Experiencing water: fun, excitement and tranquillity

Since 2011, it has been possible to rediscover the stream at seven points along the restored watercourse. Fords allow daring stream crossings, quotation stones stimulate contemplation and daydreaming, light installations (literally!) shine a spotlight on the water and groups from nurseries and schools – as well as other interested visitors – can enjoy lively lessons by the stream in the open-air “Blue Classroom”. It has become an area for discovering nature and relaxing, with an obvious positive impact on the quality of life of local people.

The educational elements are supported by learning materials relating to the “magical world of water” provided by the Emscher Association. The youngest residents of the “New Emscher Valley” can use them to learn about all the things that water can do, all the animals and plants living in it and how the water makes its way through the city and through nature.

An intact ecosystem reduces the effects of climate change

The ecosystem surrounding the stream is now intact again, and can develop naturally. Where the waste water disappears under the ground as a result of the ecological restructuring work, there is now scope for natural water courses to form on the surface and new areas for public recreation for local people. Biodiversity has also improved, as has the overall resilience of the system. New drainage areas and cooling effects specifically lessen the impacts of climate change (such as heavy rainfall and heat islands), which – alongside improved quality of life – is an added bonus for the urban district and its inhabitants.

Not just for, but also through the urban district

The district office got local people involved in the project through a range of hands-on activities. In a competition, children from Brauck designed a total of 63 roosters – the winner entries were made into sculptures and can now be seen along the waterside adventure trail. Activities like this have helped to further strengthen identification with the district and the Hahnenbach as an important part of it.

Photo: private

“It makes me happy to see lots of groups of children exploring and playing at the stopping points along the Hahnenbach. When planning the ‘Our Hahnenbach’ project, the aim was for people to join in – and you can see that in the result.”

Sebastian Ortmann, Emschergenossenschaft Office for Urban and Regional Development

Partners and sponsors

  • Stadt Gladbeck
  • Einrichtungen wie Schulen und Kitas in Gladbeck Brauck
  • Bürgerinnen und Bürger aus Gladbeck Brauck
  • Ministerium für Bauen, Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Verkehr (MBWSV)
  • Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz (MKULNV)


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Penny Arkade — Not the Freeze
(Sundazed SC 11129, 1968/2004, CD)

by Jon Davis, Published 2006-05-01

Not the Freeze Cover artIn the last issue I covered the reissue of the two strange albums (Apache and Inca) credited to Maitreya Kali, who, it is now known, was Craig Smith, formerly of an obscure LA psych band called Penny Arkade. Against all odds, that band’s previously unreleased recordings from 1967-68 have finally surfaced. As with most Sundazed releases, lengthy liner notes detail the history of this band that almost made it. Smith’s partner at the core of the band was Chris Ducey, and their voices blend beautifully, approaching the kind of magic that Lennon and McCartney did in harmony (not to say they sound like the Beatles, just that their voices combine to make a wonderful sound). Their songs were an engaging mix of country-folk and psychedelic rock, with good lyrics, solid music, and imaginative arrangements. The first seven tracks comprise a full album that producer Michael Nesmith shopped around unsuccessfully in 1968, quite a gem, nearly the equal of Buffalo Springfield’s work. All the songs are great, but the twelve minute track that lends its name for the title of this collection is their crowning achievement, a suite of many parts woven together into an amazing whole. They favor jangly guitar sounds more than fuzzy distortion, though fuzz shows up occasionally for contrast. The CD is filled out with a slew of later recordings (some after Smith’s departure) and some early demos. The recording quality is somewhat primitive in places, but the music is so good that all is forgiven.

Filed under: Archives, Issue 33, 2004 releases, 1968 recordings

Related artist(s): Penny Arkade

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