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Tuesday, August 23, 2011

The slimy burgers of this earthly ball: Edward Browne and his troubles.

This image is of Edward Browne, a compulsive self-publisher and brooder upon his own wrongs, who busily published his recantations for ever publishing, and generally repeated offence he had already given in the course of his many denials of ever having meant to cause offence. He rushed into print with manic frequency between 1640 and 1642, and, in his self-absorption, was unable to see that 1641 was probably not the best time to put out a long prose meditation on the Virgin Mary. His magnum opus, conceived as a product of his own experience of that ‘soul ravishing and heavenly Muse’, du Bartas’s Urania, was A description of an annuall world, or, Briefe meditiations upon all the holy-daies in the yeere. But it was ‘not approved but greatly disliked contrary to my expectation’. He had based his work on the Church Liturgy and its holy days, but woke up late to how some would anyway term the Book of Common Prayer ‘The English Masse-booke’. His ‘Pharisaicall’ detractors said ‘It is papisticall and to be cast away as an Idoll’.

The woodcut Browne had made of himself is him creating his own image: a scholarly young gentleman, well dressed, at ease with his two pious children. He’s just writing ‘Finis’ to one of his works. Some of his problems, though, are exposed in the accompanying poem about himself, ‘A Phantastick Lover’. For writing was, in Browne’s case, Renaissance Un-self-fashioning, advised against by his employers, destructive to his fortunes, catastrophic to the marriage he had wanted to make, and putting him at odds with his time.

His story is told throughout his publications and re-publications. Sent out into the world to make his own fortunes, he became clerk to Sir James Cambel, who was senior alderman of London, had oversight of the French merchants in London, and was in charge at the ‘Staple’ in the wool and cloth trade. Browne was not able to go to university. He read widely in the Bible, largely for purposes of self-identification, and saw Sylvester’s translation of du Bartas as the best thing in poetry.

Now, clearly, Browne was at times difficult employee. He seems to have left and then resumed his service, he occupied himself with writing his books, against his employer’s advice, and he seems (this is me reading between the lines) to have attempted a socially ambitious marriage to one Rachel Bright. He never names her but broadly hints at her identity. This marriage may have been prevented; Browne blames his own writings: “I confesse it was not wisely done in me, to seeke the favour and good will of a young Damsell to be my wife, by making good Books.”

In February 1641 Sir James died aged 72, and he left a most spectacular will, one which fissured Browne entirely: for it was extraordinarily pious, but it did nothing substantial for his servant of sixteen or eighteen years. Despite his very mixed feelings, Browne launched into A rare paterne of iustice and mercy; exemplified in the many notable, and charitable legacies of Sr. Iames Cambel, Knight, and alderman of London, deceased: worthy imitation.

The details of the will are worth repeating: Cambel left 1,000 marks to start a free school in Barking, £2,000 to the Bridewell prison ‘for a stock to keep such at labour and work in Bridewell’, £1,300 to poor freemen of the Ironmongers company, £500 to Christ’s Hospital, £1,500 to St Thomas’s Hospital, £300 to the ‘poor, blind, lame, diseased and lunatic’ in three London hospitals, £1,000 to redeem captives from the Turks, £1,000 to redeem hopeless debtors from debtors’ prisons, £500 to poor ministers, £250 for a new bridge at the ford in Wanstead, £500 worth of coals to warm the poor, £1,000 towards the repair of St Paul’s Cathedral, and, rather revealingly, £200 to beggars ‘to avoid trouble on the day of his Funeral dinner’. The estimated £10,00 more of ‘overplus’ Cambel which thought might be realised in the winding up of his estate (bad debts allowing) were to go to other charitable works as his executors thought fit.

Oh, and he left £20 to Edward Browne his clerk, among £300 to be given out among his former servants.

The executors must have drawn a deep breath when they saw this will, which conspicuously fails to make provision for his wife of 24 years, Dame Rachel, who was his ‘relict executrix’ (with two others). Then they must also have been taken aback when Browne, torn between admiration and being aggrieved, rushed all this into print as a rare example of charity. I imagine there might have been some thought about challenging the will: Browne had publicised it in all its munificence, alerting all kinds of interested parties.

Browne, making the best of his own situation, makes it far worse:

If Sir James ‘had given me a large portion of wealth, I should have been proud and idle, but being due so small a portion for my long service, it hath made me humble and industrious to publish his charitable Legacies’.

He describes, with apparent enthusiasm, Sir James’s monument for St Olaves Church in Old Jewry (in my other composite image, with the portrait): Sir James to ‘lie there is stately sort / Clad all in armour like a Martiall man’ (with his aldermanic robes over the armour), Justice at his feet, Mercy at his head, ‘Close by him kneels his lady’, pleurans, while an angel descends from heaven.

But Browne seeks through the Bible for a precedent for his situation, and meditates obsessively on himself as Jacob, Sir James as Laban: that account in Genesis of long service and being cheated. ‘I will write of Laban, as a Serpent. I will divide him into three parts: first his head, secondly his skinne, and last of all his Sting’. In an autobiographical poem, he says he was ‘still employed to rub, to scrape, and sweepe’. We keep getting a subversive image of his posthumously munificent employer as tight fisted in his lifetime. After eighteen years of service, ‘eleven pounds is paid my due’. His sexual disappointment is mixed in with all this, of course: ‘Leah was tender-eyed, but Rachel was beautiful’ says the Bible, but Browne felt himself defrauded of Rachel Bright, and that Laban in his case ‘cheated him with blear-ey’d Leah’. This unwanted other partner must have borne the two children in the woodcut of the poet: Browne does not mention her, and maybe she died early, for he continues to say ‘I only want a wife’.

This double-edged tribute to his late master caused Browne no end of trouble. In his Potent Vindication for Book-making, prequel to his A compendious and patheticall retractation for book-making very usefull for these distracted times (1642, 1643), he has gathered nineteen signatories to a testimonial that ‘he did not these Bookes with any intent to dishonour his said Master’, and bitterly declaims against those who ‘say [now] as they did to my late Master, that I seeke his and their dishonour by bookmaking, and therefore not worthy to be harboured in an obscure chamber upon my owne bedding, as I have been this eight yeares, and upwards’. You see, even as he denies, he confirms his real feelings.

Browne’s untroubled capacity for being in utrumque partem about himself is also apparent in his long self-conflict over his publishing. In writing his works, he ‘lost Pretious time … I lost my Love who is lately married to another’, and, what grieves him most, he lost money. It cost him £20 to put his Annual World, his Sacred Poems, his Star, Meteor and the pattern of Justice and Mercy into print, and ‘I believe if I had surceased from printing books my Master would have bequeathed me £200’ (this is from his Sir James Cambels Clarks Disaster by Making Books, Nov 15th 1642).

Browne couldn’t help loving his own works. He planned a complete edition: ‘I did lately joyne all my labours of love together in the volume with marginall note and annotations, and offered them to the press. But no executioner, I mean a Stationer or Printer had the heart to undertake the work’. If he had got his legacy, he’d probably have blown it all on vanity printing.

I will end with some of his verse, in his manner after du Bartas. He’s writing about the creation of the fish in Genesis I 20-22:

“Th’Almighty Father, as of watery matter

It pleased him make the people of the water,

So of an earthly substance made he all

The slimy Burgers of this earthly ball.”

As poor Browne says in self-vindication, Francis Quarles, George Wither and John Taylor the Water Poet encouraged him in his writing. Yes, that makes sense.

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swsl57j5y95g3cvri7q95y6w493oem6 Capriccio Italien by Tchaikovsky
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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1840 – 6 November [O.S. 25 October] 1893), was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. Although not a member of the group of nationalistic composers usually known in English-speaking countries as 'The Five', his music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as its rich harmonies and stirring melodies. His works, however, were much more western than those of his Russian contemporaries as he effectively used international elements in addition to national folk melodies.

After graduating, Tchaikovsky was approached by Rubinstein's brother Nikolai to become professor of harmony, composition, and the history of music. Tchaikovsky gladly accepted the position, as his father had retired and lost his property. The next ten years were spent teaching and composing. Teaching proved taxing, and in 1877 he suffered a breakdown. After a year off, he attempted to return to teaching, but retired his post soon after. He spent some time in Italy and Switzerland, but eventually took residence with his sister, who had an estate just outside of Kiev.

Tchaikovsky took to orchestral conducting after filling in at a performance in Moscow of his opera Tcharodyeika (Чародейка: the Enchantress/Sorceress) (1885-7). Overcoming a life-long stage fright, his confidence gradually increased to the extent that he took to regularly conducting his pieces.

Tchaikovsky visited America in 1891 in a triumphant tour to conduct performances of his works. On May 5, he conducted the New York Symphony Society's orchestra in a performance of Marche Solenelle on the opening night of New York's Carnegie Hall. That evening was followed by subsequent performances of his Third Suite on May 7, and the a cappella choruses Pater Noster and Legend on May 8.

Just nine days after the first performance of his Sixth Symphony, Pathétique, in 1893, in Saint Petersburg, Tchaikovsky died (see section below).

Some musicologists (e.g., Milton Cross, David Ewen) believe that he consciously wrote his Sixth Symphony as his own Requiem. In the development section of the first movement, the rapidly progressing evolution of the transformed first theme suddenly "shifts into neutral" in the strings, and a rather quiet, harmonized chorale emerges in the trombones. The trombone theme bears absolutely no relation to the music that preceded it, and none to the music which follows it. It appears to be musically a "non sequitur", an anomaly — but it is from the Russian Orthodox Mass for the Dead, in which it is sung to the words: "And may his soul rest with the souls of all the saints." Tchaikovsky was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg.

His music included some of the most renowned pieces of the romantic period. Many of his works were inspired by events in his life.

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Remote Patient Monitoring Toolkit

The Executive role creates the business case for RPM that fits their local organizational goals. They make the organization decision to proceed and provide authorization and resource deployment. They provide overall management of the project and ensure all stakeholders are informed and support RPM.

Develop a business plan to include:

Goals and Objectives

Demonstrate value for the organization, your mission and culture…whatever that “value” is.

  1. Financial ROI
  2. Patient engagement
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  4. Increase access to care for vulnerable patients
  5. Identify benchmarks and strategies that match stakeholder’s goals and the goals of the organization.

Measures for success of a RPM program include:

  1. Provider satisfaction
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Robert Ramey Software Development Homepage

Vetronix Corporation, Santa Barbara
Applications for uploading and manipulating data files captured by a hand held vehicle monitoring device to a PC via a serial port.
Major Features
  • Written in VC++ 4.0
  • Used the following libraries: Comm++ from Greenleaf, Extensively modified MFC graph libary from Stingray, Compresion library from PKZip, Internet component downlaod from Microsoft.
  • Data is uploaded to PC connected to a tester or to a stand alone program via telephone line and modem. The Telephone line monitor application functions without operator interaction to save data to disk files. Up to four phone connections can be handled simultaneously.
  • File viewer application permits viewing, graphing, saving to disk, emailing files uploaded from the device, or selected from Windows file explorer or from on WEB page links.
  • The file viewer was integrated into WEB pages via Microsoft Explorer Internet Component Download service. Web pages can include special HTML tags which cause Internet Explorer to determine whether the latest version of the application is installed on the users machine. If not, and security settings permit it, the application is automatically downloaded, and configured for the users environment. Henceforth, web pages could contain links to these types of data files on any server on the WEB. If a newer version of TechView is placed on the web site, the local copy is automatically updated.
  • All national language dependent resources are held in separate DLLS which permits switching between languages while the program is in operation. The program starts with the language specified by the current user in the Windows 95 settings. Languages implemented were English, Japanese and Spanish.
  • When directly connected to a hand held vehicle monitor this application can graph vehicle operating parameters in real time. Real time data can be captured to disk files for later use.
  • Applications operate under Win 3.1 via Win32s.
These applications are being deployed by American and Japanese Honda divisions and American and Canadian divisions of Toyota Corp. If you are using Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher, you can install this package automatically just by clicking this icon TechView
If you are using some other browser you can install the package in the following way:
  1. the zip file.
  2. Unzip to separate directory.
  3. Invoke the program setup.exe in the directory.
  4. Execute the program TechView.exe
  5. Open a demo *.tvw file to view and manipulate a graph
Note that in both cases, the files to be transfered are approximately 700K. Contrast this with the package described above. This package is much more elaborate but results in a file size 1/4 of built using the the VB approach. Its much faster as well.


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Read The Curse of Four by Caitlin Kittredge Free Online

Ebook The Curse of Four by Caitlin Kittredge read! Book Title: The Curse of Four
The author of the book: Caitlin Kittredge
Edition: Subterranean Press
Date of issue: October 31st 2011
Format files: PDF
The size of the: 4.69 MB
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Reader ratings: 6.9
ISBN: 159606398X
ISBN 13: 9781596063983
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Subterranean Press is proud to present Caitlin Kittredge's first novella-length foray into her Black London series, with an all-original tale of dark magic and darker shadows.

Jack Winter used to be a bad man, but he left black magic and wickedness behind him for a simpler life exorcising ghosts in London. Then Fiona Hannigan, the girl he abandoned to a life of depraved sorcery, turns up murdered and it's not long before Jack finds himself accused of the crime, along with three other slayings. Someone is hunting London's black magicians--and they've decided Jack is going to pay the price.

Running from the police and pursued by his own ghosts, Jack must go back to the supernatural underworld he left behind to find who wanted Fiona dead, who framed him for the deed and why the spirit of Aleister Crowley is turning up in his living room. Because it's not just Jack's ghosts who are running free in London--older, darker spirits are stirring, and the same person who murdered Fiona has their sight set on performing a binding ritual to gain unimaginable power. Jack's out of options and out of time, and his past may be the only thing that can save him...if he can survive the trip.

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Ebook The Curse of Four read Online! Caitlin started writing novels at age 13. Her first was a Star Wars tie-in. Fortunately, she branched out from there and after a few years trying to be a screenwriter, a comic book writer and the author of copious amounts of fanfiction, she tried to write a novel again. Her epic dark fantasy (thankfully) never saw the light of day but while she was struggling with elves and sorcerers she got the idea of writing a story about a werewolf who fought crime.

Two years and many, many drafts later, she pitched Night Life to a bevy of agents and one of them, Rachel Vater, sold the series to St. Martin’s.

Caitlin collects comic books, print books, vintage clothes, and bad habits. She loves tea, loud music, the color black (especially mixed with the color pink) and ghost stories. She can drive a stick shift, play the violin and knows more English curses than American ones.

Caitlin lives in Olympia, WA with two pushy cats.

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Monday, 4 March 2013

Chalets and Log Cabins on your land...

In many instances (subject to size and design) planning permission is NOT required to build a garden office, chalet, log cabin etc. if the garden building is for a domestic or leisure purpose. This may include Crafts, Hobbies, Summer Houses, Swimming Pool Covers, Saunas - Spa Pools, Gymnasiums, Pets, Playrooms, Personal study, Storage, Garages.

It is likely that planning permission will be required to build any other type of garden building or if you intend to use it for commercial purposes.

If in doubt contact your local planning office for advice. They will probably ask the following questions:-
  • What is the chalet/log cabin/garden room going to be used for?
  • Where is the chalet/log cabin/garden office going to be located?
  • Is your site a registered AONB (Area of Outstanding natural Beauty)?
  • Is your property a listed building?
  • How big is the chalet/log cabin/garden office?
  • How is the building constructed and what does it look like?

There are many suppliers of log cabins and other timber buildings who claim that because the building is made of wood and is less that 30 sq. meters, planning permission is not required. THIS IS NOT TRUE!

You should ensure that you have obtained the correct information regarding planning permission before installing your log cabin/ chalet / sauna / garden office. Your local planning office will have leaflets and booklets to advise you and they are free of charge.
Do I need Planning Permission for Log Cabins and Garden Offices?

You are exempt from needing planning permission for your log cabin if you can satisfy the following criteria:-

  • It is to be sited in the garden of a detached or semi-detached property.
  • The property is not in an area of conservation or outstanding natural beauty or similar category.
  • The property is not a listed building.
  • The cabin will not be between the house and a highway (or if it is there shall be a 20m distance from the highway).
  • The cabin will not be above 4m in height.
  • Total area covered by buildings will not exceed half of the garden.
  • The cabin is not to be used commercially (home office is usually acceptable if it does not detract from the main use of the property).
  • The cabin is not to be used as a dwelling.
  • There are no other covenants that prevent you from exercising your permitted developments rights.

Garden structures may include swimming pools, animal shelters, tennis courts and so on. The size of the garden structure does not appear to be relevant to planning exemption but it does have an influence on whether or not building regulations approval is necessary and/or the cabins position relative to boundaries.

The permitted development rules shown apply to houses. Flats, maisonettes or other buildings are not included. You should also check with your Local Planning Authority if permitted development rights apply as they may have been removed.

Permitted development rights may also have been restricted if your house is listed or in a designated area. Again check with your Local Planning Authority in these circumstances.

Under current regulations outbuildings are considered to be permitted development, not needing planning permission, subject to the following limits and conditions. Rules governing outbuildings apply to sheds, greenhouses and garages as well as other ancillary garden buildings such as swimming pools, ponds, sauna cabins, kennels, enclosures (including tennis courts) and many other kinds of structure for a purpose incidental to the enjoyment of the dwelling house.

  • No outbuilding forward of the principal elevation fronting a highway.
  • Outbuildings and garages to be single storey with maximum eaves height of 2.5 metres and maximum overall height of four metres with a dual pitched roof or three metres for any other roof.
  • Maximum height 2.5 metres within two metres of a boundary.
  • No verandas, balconies or raised platforms.
  • No more than half the area of land around the "original house"* would be covered by additions or other buildings.
  • In National Parks, the Broads, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and World Heritage Sites the maximum area to be covered by buildings, enclosures, containers and pools more than 20 metres from house to be limited to 10 square metres.
  • On designated land buildings, enclosures, containers and pools at the side of properties will require planning permission.
  • Within the curtilage of listed buildings any outbuilding will require planning permission.

The term "original house" means the house as it was first built or as it stood on 1 July 1948 (if it was built before that date). Although you may not have built an extension to the house, a previous owner may have done so.

Designated land includes national parks and the Broads, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, conservation areas and World Heritage Sites.

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Ruth Canutt

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Click here to view Oregon’s Initial Agency Disclosure Pamphlet

The Initial Agency Disclosure Pamphlet is a consumer publication of the Oregon Real Estate Agency to help buyers and sellers better understand the nature and scope of their relationships with Oregon real estate agents.

Click here to view the Oregon Buyer and Seller Advisories

The Oregon Buyer Advisory and the Oregon Seller Advisory were created by the Oregon Association of REALTORS® to present valuable information about many aspects of buying and selling property in Oregon.

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The Washington Law of Real Estate Agency pamphlet describes your legal rights in dealing with a real estate broker or salesperson in Washington.


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Delft-FEWS is an open, configurable and extendable data handling platform initially developed as a flood forecasting and warning system. Essentially it is a sophisticated collection of modules designed for building a hydrological forecasting system customised to the specific requirements of an individual organisation. Deltares promotes third-parties to develop around Delft-FEWS to customize it to the client’s needs in the water domain. Forecasting water availability and optimizing irrigation related water demands fits perfectly within this vision of current and future applications of Delft-FEWS.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Delft-FEWS Explorer

Delft-FEWS is the basis of some of the most advanced hydrological forecasting systems available including for National Weather Service (USA), Bureau of Meteorology (Australia), Environment Agency (England), SEPA (Scotland), FOEN (Switzerland) and the Dutch national forecasting agencies. It is used for a variety of applications worldwide; for some examples browse through the showcases.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Map visualizing Delft-FEWS Implementations worldwide

“Delft-FEWS is being used in over 40 countries as the main forecasting product”
Simone van Schijndel, (former) head of Operational Water Management Department at Deltares

Delft-FEWS has a large international user community including national and regional agencies. Every year Deltares organizes the Delft-FEWS User Days, a two-day event which allows the users to share their experiences and new developments with other Delft-FEWS users across the globe.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Customization through configuration

Of paramount importance in an operational forecasting system is an efficient connection to external data sources. Delft-FEWS provides import modules that allow import of data from external sources such as on-line meteorological data or hydrological data from external databases. These data include for example time series obtained from telemetry systems such as observed water levels, observed precipitation, but also meteorological forecast data, radar data and numerical weather predictions. The import of external data also supports ensemble weather predictions now commonly produced by a number of meteorological forecasting agencies. Data that is imported can automatically be quality-controlled, and where this is lacking erroneous values can be flagged, or removed. The system also provides the capability for forecasts to develop and run scenarios. These which can help quickly establish the effects of different input scenarios, so that forecasters can stress-test the system.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Example of a configurable schematic representation in Delft-FEWS

Customization by expanding to more advanced modelling

The philosophy of Delft-FEWS is to provide an open system that allows a wide range of existing forecasting models to be used. This concept is supported by the general adapter module, which communicates to external modules through an open interface, effectively allowing “plugging-in” of practically any forecasting model. The great advantage of this open interface is that existing hydrological and hydraulic models and modelling capabilities can easily be integrated in the forecasting system, without the need for expensive re-modelling using a specific model. Delft-FEWS provides easy to understand, advanced graphical and map-based displays to help the user carry out the required tasks for hydrological forecasting in a structured way. Forecast results can be disseminated through several channels, including configurable HTML formatted reports, allowing easy communication to relevant authorities and public through intranet and internet.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Example of showing consecutive model runs in Delft-FEWS using thumbnails

Customization within your own domain

Besides customizing Delft-FEWS to your needs by configuring your displays, data handling routines and coupling models, you can add functionality by connecting Python-, R- and (Windows) batch scripts. These scripts can be called from the general adapter in the same way that an external (forecasting) model is called and configured. By adding your (water)domain specific knowledge, algorithms and output (post)processing, you are enabled to give your domain a specific twist to your Delft-FEWS application. This high rate of flexibility of Delft-FEWS therefore puts you one step ahead for example in river basin management and forecasting of water availability.

Adasa and Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Example of visualizing results of (external) python calculations in Delft-FEWS

G. Boot – Delft-FEWS Product Manager Developments, Deltares

P. Trambauer – Researcher/Consultant Operational Water Management & Early Warning, Deltares

For more information on Delft-FEWS, please visit portal page or documentation WIKI.


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  • Sunday, June 1, 2014

    Denver or Bust

    "I don't think we're going to get a ride with this adult superstore behind us," I said.

    It wasn't a great hitching spot for a few reasons, but the exit we wanted to hitch from ended up being under construction. There was no where else we could legally hitch.

    An old pickup truck went by, but didn't stop. A minute later it came back up the road and pulled over.

    "Are you guys good on food?" A man as old and ragged as the truck said. He didn't seem to have a lot (of money or teeth), but he still tried to hand us a few dollar bills. "I just wanted make sure you boys had money to get yourselves some biscuits."

    "Thank you, but we're good on food," Red said. "We're just trying to hitch west."

    He wasn't going our way, but so many people who thought we were homeless or just down on our luck have tried to help us. Fifty-six hitches since the Atlantic Ocean and we've seen nothing but kindness.

    Actually fifty-seven now. After an hour of trying to solicit a ride with a porn store fifty yards behind us, a man picked us up in a blue PT Cruiser.

    "Where you headed?" he said.

    "As far west as you can take us," I said. "Where are you going?"

    "Our next stop is Denver."

    He pondered it for a couple seconds then said, "Alright, get in. I'll get you to Denver."

    I admit, at first, I thought there was something off about the guy. He seemed upset about something. He said he had health issues that we later discovered was bi-polar disorder due to his time in the military. Also, he wore a strange leather wrist cuff with metal loops and studs that clinked when he moved his arms, but what do I know about fashion anyway?

    Turns out my concerns were only in my head. He was as friendly and good as the fifty-six drivers before him. And after talking with him on our 500 mile hitch, I realized he was not unlike us. He too left his old life behind to start something new. He too was heading west to live a dream that others told him was crazy.  Only, instead of hiking a long distance trail like us, he was going west to become a sex slave for a gay couple in Sacramento that he met online.

    To each their own I guess.


WARC-Truncated: disconnect

text:
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text:
Ireland Population: 4,952,473

« Previous Country | Next Country »   Back to Flag Counter Overview
Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century saw the population of the island drop by one third through starvation and emigration. For more than a century after that the population of the island continued to fall only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU. The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that touched off several years of guerrilla warfare resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the UK. Unresolved issues in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the "Troubles" that began in the 1960s. The Government of Ireland was part of a process along with the UK and US Governments that helped broker what is known as The Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland in 1998. This initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. Today the economy is recovering, fueled by large and growing foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals.

Strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin
Location: Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Geographic coordinates: 53 00 N, 8 00 W
Area: total: 70,273 sq km
land: 68,883 sq km
water: 1,390 sq km

Size comparison: slightly larger than West Virginia
Land Boundaries: total: 443 km border countries (1): UK 443 km
Coastline: 1,448 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate: temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Elevation extremes:
Natural resources: natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite
Land use: agricultural land: 66.1% arable land 15.4%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 50.7% forest: 10.9%
other: 23% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Natural hazards: NA
Current Environment Issues: water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff
International Environment Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation
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Nationality: noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural)
adjective: Irish
Ethnic groups: Irish 84.5%, other white 9.8%, Asian 1.9%, black 1.4%, mixed and other 0.9%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)
Languages: English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 38.7% of the population as a first or second language in 2011; mainly spoken in areas along the western coast)
Religions: Roman Catholic 84.7%, Church of Ireland 2.7%, other Christian 2.7%, Muslim 1.1%, other 1.7%, unspecified 1.5%, none 5.7% (2011 est.)
Population: 4,952,473 (July 2016 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 21.51% (male 544,506/female 520,934)
15-24 years: 11.8% (male 297,025/female 287,512)
25-54 years: 43.52% (male 1,082,577/female 1,072,721)
55-64 years: 10.33% (male 256,353/female 255,155)
65 years and over: 12.84% (male 293,577/female 342,113) (2016 est.)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 53.7%
youth dependency ratio: 33.5%
elderly dependency ratio: 20.2%
potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.)
Median age: total: 36.4 years
male: 36.1 years
female: 36.8 years (2016 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.2% (2016 est.)
Birth rate: 14.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Death rate: 6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Net migration rate: 4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 63.2% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.58% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population: DUBLIN (capital) 1.169 million (2015)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.9 (2012 est.)
Maternal mortality rate: 8 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 80.8 years male: 78.5 years
female: 83.2 years (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.98 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 64.8% note: percent of women aged 18-49 (2004/05)
Health expenditures: 7.8% of GDP (2014)
Physicians density: 2.67 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
Hospital bed density: 2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source: improved:
urban: 97.9% of population
rural: 97.8% of population
total: 97.9% of population

urban: 2.1% of population
rural: 2.2% of population
total: 2.1% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access: improved:
urban: 89.1% of population
rural: 92.9% of population
total: 90.5% of population

urban: 10.9% of population
rural: 7.1% of population
total: 9.5% of population (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.28% (2014 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 8,000 (2014 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 100 (2014 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 27% (2014)
Education expenditures: 5.3% of GDP (2013)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 19 years male: 19 years
female: 19 years (2012)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 23.9% male: 26.6%
female: 20.9% (2014 est.)
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Country name: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ireland
local long form: none
local short form: Eire
etymology: the modern Irish name "Eire" evolved from the Gaelic "Eriu," the name of the matron goddess of Ireland (goddess of the land); the names "Ireland" in English and "Eire" in Irish are direct translations of each other
Government type: parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Dublin
geographic coordinates: 53 19 N, 6 14 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions: 28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo , Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow
Independence: 6 December 1921 (from the UK by treaty)
National holiday: Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Constitution: history: previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937 amendments: proposed as bills in Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidental signature; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)
Legal system: common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)

head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011); reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016

cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament) elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president

election results: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%, other 5.6%
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected by panels of various vocational interests, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by graduates of the University of Dublin and the National University of Ireland; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021); House of Representatives - last held on 26 February 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Sinn Fein 3, Green Party 1, independent 14; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 25.5%, Fianna Fail 24.4%, Sinn Fein 13.8%, Labor Party 6.6%, AAA-PBD 4.0%, Social Democrats 3.0%, Green Party 2.7%, Renua Ireland 2.2% independents 17.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 50, Fianna Fail 44, Sinn Fein 23, Labor Party 7, AAA-PBP 6, Social Democrats 3, Green Party 2, independent 23
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members - the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal - and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law) judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the prime minister and Cabinet and appointed by the president; chief justice serves in the position for 7 years; judges can serve until age 70

subordinate courts: High Court, Court of Appeal; circuit and district courts; criminal courts
Political parties and leaders: Anti-Austerity Alliance-People Before Profit or AAA-PBP [collective leadership] Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] Green Party [Eamon RYAN] Labor (Labour) Party [Brendan HOWLIN] Renua Ireland [John LEAHY] Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] Social Democratic Party [Stephen DONNELLY, Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL] Socialist Party [collective leadership] The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Continuity IRA (terrorist group) Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence) Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank) Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world) Keep Ireland Open (environmental group) Oglaigh na hEireann (terrorist group) Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters) New Irish Republican Army (terrorist group combining elements of the former Real IRA and Republican Action Against Drugs) Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality) Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters) 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports unifying Northern Ireland with the rest of the island under Irish government sovereignty)
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
National symbol(s): harp, shamrock (trefoil); national colors: blue, green
National anthem: name: "Amhran na bhFiann" (The Soldier's Song)
lyrics/music: Peadar KEARNEY [English], Liam O RINN [Irish]/Patrick HEENEY and Peadar KEARNEY

note: adopted 1926; instead of "Amhran na bhFiann," the song "Ireland's Call" is often used at athletic events where citizens of Ireland and Northern Ireland compete as a unified team
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Anne Colette ANDERSON (since 28 August 2013)
chancery: 2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 462-3939
FAX: [1] (202) 232-5993
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Austin (TX), Boston, Chicago, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin F. O'MALLEY (since 8 October 2014)
embassy: 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [353] (1) 668-8777
FAX: [353] (1) 668-9946
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Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program. In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up and GDP grew by 5.2%. The recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 2.5% of GDP. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth reached 7.8%, the highest growth in the EU for the second consecutive year. In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to avoid taxation. Amid growing international pressure, the government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a loophole.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (purchasing power parity): $324.3 billion (2016 est.) $309 billion (2015 est.) $244.7 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2016 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): GDP (official exchange rate): $307.9 billion (2015 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 4.9% (2016 est.) 26.3% (2015 est.) 8.5% (2014 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): GDP - per capita (PPP): $69,400 (2016 est.) $66,700 (2015 est.) $53,100 (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2016 dollars
Gross national saving: 31.9% of GDP (2016 est.) 31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) 23.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 36.7%
government consumption: 10.8%
investment in fixed capital: 20.4%
investment in inventories: 0.6%
exports of goods and services: 124.1%
imports of goods and services: -92.6% (2016 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: household consumption: 36.7%
government consumption: 10.8%
investment in fixed capital: 20.4%
investment in inventories: 0.6%
exports of goods and services: 124.1%
imports of goods and services: -92.6% (2016 est.)
Agriculture - products: barley, potatoes, wheat; beef, dairy products
Industries: pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices
Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (2016 est.)
Labor force: 2.181 million (2016 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 5%
industry: 11%
services: 84% (2015 est.)
Unemployment rate: 8% (2016 est.) 9.5% (2015 est.)
Population below poverty line: 8.2% (2013 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 27.2% (2000)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 31.3 (2013 est.) 35.9 (1987 est.)
Budget: revenues: $78.47 billion
expenditures: $80.86 billion (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Public debt: 77.9% of GDP (2016 est.) 78.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int
Fiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.2% (2016 est.) 0% (2015 est.)
Current account balance: $29.11 billion (2016 est.) $29.02 billion (2015 est.)
Exports: $160.1 billion (2016 est.) $160.9 billion (2015 est.)
Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals; foodstuffs, animal products
Exports - partners: US 23.7%, UK 13.8%, Belgium 13.2%, Germany 6.6%, Switzerland 5.5%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.4% (2015)
Imports: $88.01 billion (2016 est.) $87.79 billion (2015 est.)
Imports - commodities: data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing
Imports - partners: UK 32.5%, US 14%, France 10.2%, Germany 9.3%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.1% (2015)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $2.203 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.748 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
Debt - external: $2.47 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $2.35 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $1.057 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $963.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $1.435 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.321 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares: $128 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $170.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.78 (2012 est.)
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Electricity - production: 25 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 25 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - exports: 700 million kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - imports: 2.9 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 9.1 million kW (2014 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels: 72.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 25% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Crude oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 74,690 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
Refined petroleum products - production: 68,050 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 147,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 34,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 115,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - production: 152 million cu m (2014 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 4.387 billion cu m (2014 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2014 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 4.246 billion cu m (2014 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 34 million Mt (2013 est.)
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Cellular Phones in use: total: 4.902 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (July 2015 est.)
Telephone system: general assessment: modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay

domestic: system privatized but dominated by former state monopoly operator; increasing levels of broadband access particularly in urban areas

international: country code - 353; landing point for the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable with links to the US, Canada, and UK; satellite earth stations - 81 (2014)
Broadcast media: publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 na (2014)
Internet country code: .ie
Internet users: total: 3.92 million percent of population: 80.1% (July 2015 est.)
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Airports: 40 (2013)
Airports (paved runways): total 16
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 5 (2013)
Airports (unpaved runways): total 24

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 21 (2013)
Pipelines: gas 2,147 km (2013)
Railways: total 3,237 km
broad gauge: 1,872 km 1.600-m gauge (49 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2014)
Roadways: total 96,036 km
paved: 96,036 km (includes 1,224 km of expressways) (2014)
Waterways: 956 km (pleasure craft only) (2010)
Merchant marine: total 31

by type: cargo 28, chemical tanker 2, container 1

foreign-owned: 5 (France 2, Spain 1, US 2)

registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 3, Bermuda 1, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, Isle of Man 1, Kazakhstan 1, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Netherlands 8, Panama 1, Russia 1, Slovakia 1, Sweden 1, UK 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Dublin, Shannon Foynes
river port(s): Cork (Lee), Waterford (Suir) container port(s) (TEUs): Dublin (1,931,001)
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Military branches: Irish Defence Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn), Permanent Defence Forces (PDF): Army, Naval Service, Air Corps; Reserve Defence Forces (RDF): Army, Naval Service Reserves (2014)
Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Permanent Defence Forces (PDF; 18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-28 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 18-35 years of age for the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF); maximum obligation 12 years (PDF officers), 5 years (PDF enlisted), 3 years RDF (4 years for Naval Service Reserves); EU citizenship, refugee status, or 5-year residence in Ireland required (2014)
Military expenditures: 0.49% of GDP (2014) 0.51% of GDP (2013) 0.55% of GDP (2012) 0.59% of GDP (2011) 0.55% of GDP (2010)
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 Transnational Issues
Disputes - International: Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 99 (2015)
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; increasing consumption of South American cocaine; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern
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   Source: CIA - The World Factbook

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Sunday, October 25, 2009

Mood Detector

Can you tell the mood of a human being just by looking at him/her?

Sometimes it seems quite obvious how a person feels inside and sometimes your counterpart looks like a complete enigma.
Mastering this discipline would be very helpful for using it on your own character also.

If you are confused by your own thoughts and not able to sort them out you could just look in the mirror. You would simply observe the guy at the other side of the mirror and get a clue what is going on in your own head or soul.

I saw this monkey yesterday in the Nuremberg zoo and kept looking at it for quite a while.
First of all I was impressed about how similar the mimic was compared to us Homo Sapiens.

The animal seemed to be very tired. Maybe tired by life. It reminded me at the kind of tiredness you sometimes feel when you are very sad.
On the other side, the way the monkey held its arms looked kind of peaceful.

The longer I looked the stronger grew the suspect that the monkey isn't sad but just deep in monkey-thoughts. I liked the idea that the animal's mind was strolling back to some bright moments.

Look close - don't you think it is possible that the facial expression is the one of the moment when a loved one strokes over your head.

As always I just don't know and I am damn sure that I am kind of a rooky when it comes to deep down into the mind of friends.

For now a leftover from that monkey observation scene is the question whether the folks around me are able to "read" me. If yes, what would they see?

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Call 334.213.0000 or 800.844.0095
 8412 Crossland Loop, Montgomery Alabama, 39117

Marco Island Marriott

Marco Island Marriott

The Marco Island Marriott is situated on three miles of pristine beachfront property and offers an exhilarating retreat from the ordinary. The resort features a lavish spa with Balinese-influenced treatments, a two private 18-hole championship golf courses, spacious accommodations with premier amenities, technology upgrades, and views of the Florida Gulf Coast.

Rates quoted are per person, ...
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Founded in 1959, Pleasant Holidays is one of the largest tour operators in the U.S., offering vacation packages, flights, hotels, cruises, car rentals, travel protection and related travel services to the world’s most popular destinations including Hawaii, Caribbean, Mexico, Europe, Australia , New Zealand, Central America, Las Vegas, Orlando, New York, Canada, Fiji, Cook Islands, Tahiti, Bora Bora and French Polynesia. The Company’s portfolio of travel brands includes Pleasant Holidays, Journes ...
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Terms and Conditions
Rates quoted are per person, based on double occupancy unless otherwise stated. Rates, terms, conditions and itinerary are subject to availability. Certain restrictions apply. Rates shown include government-imposed taxes and fees. Additional airline restrictions, including, but not limited to fees of up to $45 per bag for the first checked bag and up to $250 per bag for a second checked bag, standby policies and fees, non-refundable tickets and change fees with pre-flight notification deadlines may apply. Fees and policies vary among airlines and are subject to change without notice. Rates may not include International Departure and Immigration taxes that are collected upon departure from the destination. CST# 1007939-10. UBI# 601 915 263. TAR# 5308.


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Israel National Police

Policing and law enforcement in Israel are the sole responsibility of the Israel Police. As a national force, the Israel Police is responsible for all aspects of policing, including crime prevention and law enforcement. The Israel police is responsible for public security, maintaining public order, securing public events and rallies, dismantling suspicious objects and explosives (EOD), riot and crowd control, law enforcement, crime fighting, detective work, covert operations against drug networks, investigating suspects, road traffic control, operating the Civil Guard, handling civilian complaints, handling youth violence, educational campaigns.

The work of the Israel Police takes on a whole new dimension when operating in such a sensitive area as Israel.

Israel Water police branch is responsible for ensuring the safety of water users, enforcing laws relating to water traffic, preventing crime on vessels, banks and shores, providing search and rescue services (either as the main provider or as an initial response unit before more specialized units arrive), and allowing the police to reach locations not easily accessible from land. They also responsible for coastal security, conservation law enforcement, immigration and smuggling patrols, and diving search operations. Their operations is coordinated with other agencies with similar assets.

The main areas on which the Israel Police focuses are:

  • Public Security
  • The prevention and thwarting of terror
  • Response to calls from citizens
  • Israel territorial water protection
  • Arrangement of security procedures
  • Organization of volunteers in the context of the Civil Guard
  • Maintaining Law and Order
  • Response to calls regarding public disturbances
  • Effective response to demonstrations and unlawful gatherings
  • Licensing – Establishment of limits and conditions for businesses
  • Responsibility for detainees
  • Implementation of court orders

Fighting Crime

  • Investigation of crimes and apprehension of offenders
  • Detection and exposure of unreported crimes, such as drug trafficking and extortion
  • Crime prevention – Instructing the public how to protect themselves and their property

Get In Touch

Romanian Border Police logo
SafeShore is a project funded by the European Commission
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 700643


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The secret to a noble and pure heart

Every day, we have 24 hours to invest our lives in what will matter for eternity. But the place in which nobility, civility, graciousness flows out of is the heart in the every day, little moments of our day. Each day we will be tempted to act in a manner that is harsh, impatient, unloving, judgmental of others--lashing out because the other person was harsh, impatient, ......... Yet, the only way to overcome these temptations and end life with a wise, peacemaking, loving, gentle heart, is to invest in our heart every day by being with the source of all goodness and loving-kindness, the Lord Jesus. Hebrews 1 tells us that He is the exact representation of God--He speaks God's words, He shows His heart, He manifests His wisdom.

Jesus said, "I am humble and meek. Learn from me." This seems to be my pondering of the year. Learn from Him. He didn't revile when he was reviled. He loved and gave grace to Peter when he fell. He washed 120 toes the night before he died and ended serving those for whom He would die.

The more I regularly invest my heart, my commitments, my faith, my love in my relationship to my Lord, king, model and friend, the more, my own heart will be noble and pure. And the place where reality marries truth is in my obedience, each second, each moment, each day. Seeking to emulate his life, choosing to obey, against my feelings, those things he spoke to my heart in the privacy of my time with Him.

May He fill me today with His words, His presence, His love so that I may practice in the moments of this day, all that He has shown me in our time together. May I repent when I fall short. May I live in His mercy and grace and extend it to those, who like me, so deeply need to feel it today.


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26 February 2015

The SCSon is on an 8 hr bus trip today.  It's a nice travel bus with video but the trip rules require G & PG movies only.

He dug around the attic and came up with an original copy of Star Wars episode IV on VHS.

Han shot first!  Greedo never fired.

20 February 2015

Doin' my Taxes

I mean,what else would I be doing on a Friday night?

Here is the outrageconfusion of the day:  I'm entering a 1099-B manually.  Here's the question posed:
Box 3 makes sense:  Was the basis reported to the IRS?  I can reasonably infer a checked box means Yes.  But what about "Box 2  Type of gain or loss".  The possible answers are "Short Term" and "Long Term".  Which one does a checked box mean?

The more I use HRBDeluxe, the more I like Glenn Reeves' spreadsheets!  They have already given me the answer.  I'm still trying to figure out how to get my data into HRBD :-(

Update 20Feb2015 2140: I had to experiment  to learn how it works.  If box 2 is not checked, it doesn't ask any further questions.  But if box 2 is checked, it takes us to another page where it asks the short/long term question.

Com'on guys.... a) you could have put these two questions on the same line of the first page and b) if not, for any reason, at least throw me a bone and give me a hint on how I should check the original box.

19 February 2015

Tax Software Update

Last rant noted how Turbo Tax screwed the pooch by changing support levels without making it plainly obvious, enraging the user base in the process.  Meself included.

HR Block came recommended by people I respect and the third seemed to have it's own issues.

Strike one came when HRB wouldn't (past tense)  import my 2013 return,  The program just crashed, no exceptions, no nothing,  Just bang, you're dead.

I "solved" that problem by upgrading my windows computer from XP to 7.  Yeah, MSFT dropped XP support last year so is it reasonable to expect another company to support XP?   Maybe not.  Table the question for now.   The Win7 upgrade was in the plans, the CD & new hard drive were on site, I just needed to take the time to do the build.   2 hrs install + 6 hrs baby sitting win7 updates later + another week of daily updates, now Win7 is finally up to date.  Oh and the old hardware that ran XP just fine is crawling running Win7.   I see an upgrade in my future.

HRBDeluxe Strike 2:  It won't (present tense) import my DayJob(tm) W2.  Importing data is more than just the time savings.  Manually entry risks a data entry error.  Easy to do and hard to detect.  Keeping the data in the digital domain reduces these errors.   Apparently my S&P500 listed DayJob(tm) uses a payroll processor not supported by HRB.  GAH!!

HRBD Strike 3: it also won't (also present tense) import 1099's from my bank.  The error code 2000 suggests the login information is incorrect.  But it is correct and several others have reported the same error so it seems the problem is in the software.  I need a fix this week, not "mebbe next month!"

I'm also not crazy about having to enter the 1099 details in line by line.

HRB - Dudes... Intuit did a full on face plant giving you a free shot.  Don't blow it! You need to react quickly and fix these problems post haste!

Is this Whiffle ball?  How many strikes are they allowed?  Intuit-don't get cocky..  That little de-support sleight of hand cost you 527,692 strikes.  There is no coming back from that.  Get back to your corner of shame.   But HRB isn't really making the grade either.  Mebbe I should take another look at TaxAct.

Another option just popped up on the radar:  I was about to start recreating a spreadsheet.  But a cursory internet search showed someone else has already done the work:  Glenn Reeves has posted Free taxform spreadsheets.  I used to create my own spreadsheets to do my taxes but decided the time involved wasn't worth the $40 savings.  So far, they look great!  I'm going to give them a try.

The download is free but if they are useful I'll contribute.


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Sandy HS (SHS) Class of 1968 Alumni List

Help us Update the Sandy HS 1968 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:

1968 Class List

Know Sandy HS Class of 1968 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1968 Class List by adding missing names.

More 1968 alumni from Sandy HS Sandy, OR have posted profiles on®. Click here to register for free at® and view other 1968 alumni.

The Sandy High Sandy, OR class of '68 alumni are listed below. These are former students from Sandy High in Sandy, OR who graduated in 1968. Alumni listings below have either been searched for or they registered as members of this directory.

You can also find out what other graduates are doing now, share memories with other alumn, upload pictures from Sandy and find other alumni.


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San Gabriel AZ Locksmith Store - Push Bars Locks Service in El Rio Acres, AZ - 520-833-5004

Much is expected from the modern day locksmith services .Besides helping with basic situations like lock change, lock repair, and key making, the customers want us to reprogram smart locks and install high-security locks in El Rio Acres. Besides that, we also double up as your security adviser especially for the commercial sector. San Gabriel AZ Locksmith Store offers all this and more. Approach us and we will deal with all kinds of situations effectively in El Rio Acres.

People come to us for:

  • Prompt solutions
  • Expansive service range
  • Unbelievable affordability

In our day-to-day lives lock and key troubles are not a rarity. These tend to happen quite often. However complex the situations might seem, our rescue vehicles will be on the spot to deal with it effectively. We are your most dependable nearest locksmith in El Rio Acres.

We have an uncanny understanding of how the market works. Our firm even anticipates problems that might occur in specific situations. This way we remain ready to deal with all kinds of problems. It is the secret behind our prompt response and quality services every time as your mobile locksmith in El Rio Acres.

What do we offer?

Automotive, commercial, and residential service

Whether for your residences, your vehicle, or your office, we have a wide range of solutions that meet your budget and needs. We are your residential, business locksmith, and auto locksmith in El Rio Acres all rolled into one. Just come to us and you do not need to go anywhere else ever again.

24/7 emergency locksmith service

We are with you through the day and the night with a help desk ever ready to take your distress calls. Our 24/7 locksmiths in El Rio Acres understand very well that certain problems require immediate solutions. There is zero waiting time. We will be on our way with fully equipped mobile vans to wherever you are located.

Mobile locksmith services

Being prompt on the job is extremely crucial because you need help fast. When emergency strikes, our expert team will hop on the well-maintained vans to be with you. Just make sure to give us a call without waiting.

Our services include

  • San Gabriel AZ Locksmith Store, Tucson, AZ 520-833-5004Creation of new keys
  • Emergency opening solutions
  • Multilayered solution of security
  • Trunk unlock
  • Transponder key making
  • Locks rekey
  • Lockout help
  • Installation of locks for emergency exit
  • Eviction service in El Rio Acres.
  • Emergency assistance
  • Cylinder, ignition switch replacement
  • Outdated lock replacement
  • Eviction assistance
  • Repair of damaged locks
  • Suitable lock recommendation
  • Unlock service in El Rio Acres

Through the years, we have sealed our position as the topmost service provider in El Rio Acres. Call us and you’ll know why!


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Hours & Locations

Connect with SC City Library

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Santa Clara City Library

Read Santa Clara

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Adult and Family Literacy Services

Read Santa Clara, the adult and family literacy program of the Santa Clara City Library, provides free literacy instruction for English-speaking adults who want to improve their basic reading, writing, and/or math skills.

Since 1995, Read Santa Clara has trained volunteer tutors to work in partnership with adult learners to help them achieve their literacy goals as family members, workers, community members and lifelong learners. Through tutoring, learners are able to fill out forms, read to children, write letters, register to vote, understand health information, read for pleasure, and more.

 September is National Literacy Month. Watch an inspiring interview with Ruth Colvin, founder of Literacy Volunteers of America (now ProLiteracy.)

Join us in celebrating the Gift of Literacy!

Our Learners

“I am a 52-year-old man. All my life, I have had reading and writing difficulties. Three years ago, I came to Read Santa Clara. Today, I’m reading the best I’ve ever read in my life. My reading is helping me on my job, in my relationships with my family, and with my self-esteem.” – Ron, Read Santa Clara learner

To become a learner (student) with Read Santa Clara, you must:               Tutor-Learner Pair, ReJoyce and Marilyn
- be 16 years or older and not attending high school
- be comfortable speaking English
- read or write at or below an eighth grade level

Our services are free, focused on your goals and confidential.

If you (or someone you know) would like to learn how to become a learner, call (408) 615-2956 or email

Read stories written by adult learners in Read Santa Clara's Winter 2018 Writing Contest.

Our Volunteer Tutors

“What does it take to tutor? A sense of humor, commitment, flexibility, and patience definitely help. You won’t always know all the answers, but don’t let that stop you. It is an ongoing learning experience for both tutor and learner.” – Anne, Read Santa Clara tutor

To become a tutor with Read Santa Clara, you must:
- be 18 years or older
- be proficient at reading, writing, and speaking in English
- commit to tutor at least two hours per week for a minimum of 6 months
- be able to tutor in Santa Clara

Volunteers receive 12.5 hours of tutor training after attending an orientation.

Families for Literacy

“I really recommend this program to every family that wants to increase reading and learning together.” – Martha, FFL parent

Those learners in the adult literacy program who have a child (or a grandchild) below the age of five can join the Families for Literacy Program (FFL). Learners and their families participate in monthly family nights which include dinner, story times, songs, crafts and gift books for the families to take home.

To find out more, please call (408) 615-2956.

Family Literacy Outreach

Read Santa Clara also provides family literacy services at community sites, including transitional housing shelters, for teen parents, families participating in Migrant Education and at five state preschool classrooms at two elementary school sites in Santa Clara. Besides events with story times, puppets and book giveaways, we have used engaging hands-on family literacy activities, such as bookmaking and preschool family math workshops, with early math literacy kits,  in English and Spanish, for families to take home.This outreach is made possible by grants and donations from the Santa Clara City Library Foundation and Friends.

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The former President headlines get-out-the-vote rally for Casey, Wolf at the Dell

By Brian Hickey
PhillyVoice Staff
Brian Hickey/PhillyVoice

At a get-out-the-vote rally in Strawberry Mansion, former President Barack Obama shouted out the Eagles and Sixers (as well as Gov. Tom Wolf and U.S. Sen. Bob Casey) without once mentioning his successor by name.

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When the queues formed 10 years ago, and then four years later, the smiling faces would be rewarded with victory, but turn to frowns in 2016 when anticipated victory unexpectedly became a loss fueled by vote tallies in the very same state.

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More boos seguec into Wolf’s talking points about Medicaid expansion, protecting legalized gay marriage and standing up for women’s rights to choice of healthcare, including defending Planned Parenthood funding, criminal-justice reform and working to implement online voter registration.

“I am standing up as the last line of defense for President Obama’s legacy and the principles we hold dear,” he said. “Nothing less than our democracy is at stake.”

Next up was Casey, who’ll bring U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren to town on Sunday afternoon for as voter-registration drive.

“Are you ready to win in 2018?” he said, shouting out veterans and organized labor. “We’re here today because we love our country, and we believe (the administration and Republicans in Congress) are taking us in the wrong direction.”

And then, at 5:08 p.m. – after Casey painted a picture of a nation on the brink of collapse in 2008 – Obama took the stage.

“I love me some Bob Casey,” he said, noting he supported his presidential campaign before most could pronounce his name. “He’s one of the nicest people I know, a genuinely nice person. He’s been in Washington for a long time and stayed nice, which is hard to do.”

Brian Hickey/PhillyVoice

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KXIP vs KKR Live Score

The report said the man had a small camera and was texting frequently, but did not have a media credential.

After the man was removed another Astros staffer intervened - according to sources who were on the scene - and tried to convince security that he was authorized to be in the area next to the dugout.

According to ESPN's Buster Olney, the Astros deployed McLaughlin to monitor whether the Red Sox were cheating on their side of the field.

The MLB league office told Metro they are aware of the matter and will handle it internally.

The new leader for sports betting news, advice, and sportsbook reviews in the United States is at MetroBet.

After MLB says it investigated two incidents involving someone with the team using a cellphone to take photographs of the visiting dugouts in Cleveland and Boston during games this October. Passan also details a complaint filed by the Athletics, who alleged that the Astros were using a clapping-based system from the dugout to relay stolen signs to the players on the field during an August game.

Neither the Red Sox or Indians would comment on the matter, but an Astros representative did not deny wrongdoing in several e-mails to Metro.

The Boston Red Sox just wrapped up an 8-2 win against the Houston Astros, to go up 2-1 in the ALCS.

Syria reopens vital crossing with Jordan, UN post with Golan
The 22-member Arab League froze Syria's membership shortly after the war began, imposing sanctions the cutting diplomatic ties. Assad's forces have recaptured most of the country's territory, except for opposition strongholds in the northwest.

Listen to "The Danny Picard Show" on PodcastOne, iTunes, and Spotify. "We try to slow it down and if we feel there's something going on, we try to switch the signs".

The Red Sox Game 3 win in Houston lasted almost four hours, which is long for a baseball game, although postseason contests are often so lengthy.

"I'm always concerned about [sign-stealing] throughout the season", Cora said after the game.

McLaughlin is not listed as an Astros employee, but is reportedly connected with team owner Jim Crane.

"I don't think that person was per se stealing signs", he said.

The Associated Press also reported Houston attempted to get a second person next to Cleveland's dugout during Game 3 of the AL Division Series after the first employee was removed. He stood out because he was wearing a suit jacket in a restricted area reserved for photographers, a member of the team's social media department and where TV reporters are permitted to stand, one of the sources said.

Following MLB's ruling, Astros GM Jeff Luhnow said the team has been proactive in policing other ballparks for "suspicious activity" and the team has uncovered some "multiple" times. He also notes that the allegations raised against Houston are not the first to be brought up this season; in August, the Athletics called Major League Baseball to investigate the matter, however, the results of it are unclear.


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This page updated 10th Jan 2019

We aplogise for the wesbite not being updated for some time. This was owing to circumstances beyond our control resulting from our webhost moving the site to a new server.

SARPA is the local rail users group for the Shrewsbury to Aberystwyth line running from the English border through Montgomeryshire to the coast of North Ceredigion and ending up in the increasingly important University (and Assembly administration ) town of Aberystwyth. We exist to preserve and promote the line so that there is a more sustainable transport system for future generations. SARPA is one of the more active rail user groups in Wales and are continually campaigning on various issues from train times and frequency to station maintenance and welcome any comments anybody has about the rail service in Mid Wales.

The Wales and Borders Franchise changed hands in October 2018 and the bid has been won by KeolisAmey. We look forward to working with the new operator, who run under the brand name "Transport for Wales".

It was great to see so many people at our Annual General Meeting in Machynlleth at the beginning of October. I'd like to extend warm congratulations to two new officers: Sarah Harvey, our Secretary, and Bill Redfern, our Membership Secretary and Treasurer. I'm sure both of them will make a valuable contribution. Of course, we also discussed our hopes and fears for the Cambrian Lines.

At a time which is full of promises for the future, but which is also full of current difficulties, it's clear that SARPA is more relevant than ever before. On the one hand, new trains are on the way (in 4 years), and this in itself is promising. Certainly, it's great to see Transport for Wales promising things like lots of tables on the trains and luggage racks - things that we have been fighting for - citing the feedback that they have received from stakeholders. By continuing to push for an internal layout on the trains which reflects the aspirations of passengers on the Cambrian, we can ensure major improvements on the line.

On the other hand, the recent performance in general has been appalling. There have been staff shortages, and there are shortages of carriages whilst many of them are being modified to accessibility standards that were announced about 20 years ago. Although trains need to be made accessible to disabled passengers, much less trouble would have been caused if Arriva had begun this work before.

But anyway - many passengers have complained about the current standards of service. A great example of this was the August bank holiday - a very busy time on a railway like the Cambrian - where many trains were cancelled and the rest tended to be short formed. This kind of thing has been seen for several months.

Certainly we need to continue to push for features such as tables, seats that align with windows, luggage racks and so on in the new trains, but we cannot ignore the need to push for improvements to the services over the next 4 years. Cancelled or short-formed trains are a huge disadvantage for passengers and for the local economy, and it can turn people away from the railway. Therefore we will raise the subject fairly regularly over at least the months to come.

Jeff Smith
October 2018

You can see what we said about the railway industry in the past by clicking on this link to our archive page. We have archived all the newsletters back to November 2001.

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Shrewsbury to Aberystwyth Rail Passengers Association (SARPA)
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