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The Mid-Life Career Change – a growing trend in the workforce

A candidate comes to you with their resume and you’re a little flabbergasted – they have had a good job, own a respectable home, they’ve been offered some nice career progression plans over the years, but here lies their resume in front of you and you find yourself thinking, why?

It looks like a mid-life career change. What would you do? Would you take a chance on them?

In this week’s blog we talk about this growing trend, how it can be a great opportunity for building up your workforce and what you can do as a manager to develop these people in your organisation.

The Trend – New Directions

According to Live Science, Yahoo Finance and Parade Magazine, 56% of all U.S employees are actively trying to switch careers or planning to; with an estimated 60% of this being mid-life workers. These statistics are catching on and are predicted to flow onto to other markets around the world.

Mid-life Career Changes or “Changers” aren’t uncommon. At the midpoint of life of a primary career, many find themselves bored, empty, worn out, restless or craving something “more”. It could be because their first career happened more as an effort to meet expectation, please their parents, or simply just to make a living, where the “choice” or feeling of a choice was taken out of the equation. Other times, it could just be change in one’s personal life that often occurs in one’s mid-life.

Whatever the reason, mid-life career changes are a growing trend today as studies indicate, so it’s definitely something managers may want to examine closer.

Opportunities – Why should you consider hiring a mid-life career changer?

  • An increased talent pool

In the ever-waging war for talent, it is always wise to look at your options, and that includes talent pools that you might not have considered before. Not only could you recruit someone who may have a lot of experience – the kind of experience your organisation may need and other candidates may be lacking – but you could also source someone who is more attune to the position. Midlife career changers are changing their career to something they are passionate about. They are more aware of what they are good at; therefore they would be more aligned to the position than that of a fresher candidate who has not had the experience to know if this is what they really want.

It’s also important to remember that career changers or candidates with more experience from other fields or positions, have transferable skills regardless of how many career detours they may have taken.

  • The risk of making a “bad” hire is reduced

Mid-life career changers have experience. Their work histories and performance are longer and be more easily checked; furthermore, background and reference checks are easier to perform and are more accurate. SHRM studies show that 49% of employers feel that the length of time a person is in the labour force is a positive hiring factor.

  • Mentors’

Even when starting as a “newbie”, older workers can teach by example.  According to SHRM, younger workers need role models and “unofficial” tour guides to learn how to be behave in the world of work.

The Keys to Success – tips to manage the mid-life career changer

  • Communicate – as with our tips in previous blogs, managing people always requires clear and open communication. Don’t assume that because a more experience candidate gets the job they know exactly what you expect of them. They don’t have the same background as you, and have had experience in different fields and management styles. Be clear with what you want done and what the measurement of completion and success will be for each project or task.

  • Motivate – Be aware that as with age gaps, there are also different motivations for different generations. Tailor your rewards and benefits to benefit their lifestyle and interests. For example, opportunity for advancement is probably less important than the recognition for a job well done. Instead, provide motivation through meaningful work and social relationships; these factors are a bigger priority for older workers than financial or career advancement-motivated rewards.

  • Take advantage of experience – Older workers are ideally placed to mentor younger employees and are often reliable, knowledgeable resources for companies to take advantage of. In return younger employees can provide reciprocal ‘reverse mentoring’ in areas such as technology and social media.

Over to you, what do you think about this growing trend? Share your insights and ideas with us. Have or would you hire someone changing careers midlife?

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London Mayor Sadiq Khan says Trump 'got the message' over United Kingdom visit

London Mayor Sadiq Khan says Trump 'got the message' over United Kingdom visit

Despite the row, U.S. ambassador Woody Johnson recently outlined his expectation Mr Trump would visit the United Kingdom early in 2018, as he expressed his hopes the President would open the new London embassy.

Johnson, a Trump appointee, also said the new embassy was entirely paid for by the sale of other London properties and "did not cost the US taxpayer a cent".

"The project has been executed within the established budget", an embassy spokesman said, adding it had "considered more than 50 sites" in London ahead of the move, which cost up to $1billion and "used no tax dollars".

Theresa May offered Trump a full state visit, including a trip to meet the Queen at Buckingham Palace, after he was first elected. But nothing has been scheduled.

Some U.K. lawmakers had said Trump was not welcome in Britain after he re-tweeted videos from a far-right British group and criticized London Mayor Sadiq Khan following a terror attack previous year.

Some British lawmakers questioned whether Trump would be welcome in London because of previous tweets and criticism of Muslims and his sniping at London Mayor Sadiq Khan in the aftermath of a terror attack in that city a year ago.

Fire breaks out at domestic airport lounge, brought under control
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He blamed President Barack Obama's administration for selling the old site for "peanuts" and building the new embassy in an "off location". "Bad deal. Wanted me to cut the ribbon - NO!"

But Trump said his decision, announced in a late-night tweet, was due to concerns about the embassy's move from the elite Mayfair district to a far less fashionable area of London south of the Thames River.

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The snub, reported by the Daily Mail, would be the second blow to Mr Trump and the UK's relationship.

His decision not to come was welcomed by critics outraged by the USA travel ban on Muslim-majority countries, and more recently, Trump's decision to re-tweet anti-Muslim videos posted by a British far-right organisation. That message was echoed by David Lammy, a lawmaker for the opposition Labour Party, who believed Trump was shaken by the prospect of being "met by millions of us out on the streets protesting".

Many Londoners have made it clear that Donald Trump is not welcome here while he is pursuing such a divisive agenda. Britain's foreign secretary Boris Johnson reminded critics of the importance of USA investment and blamed Labour politicians for endangering the transatlantic relationship.

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3041-3043 Windmill Canyon Dr Clayton, CA 94517, USA
Custom Kitchen Island
When You Request Online!

Custom Kitchen Island in Brentwood, California

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More than 73 kitchen styles available

Brentwood Custom Kitchen Island

Shades, Design Within The Home, And Design in Brentwood, California

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  • The colors for your kitchen are essential
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Our works

Custom Kitchen Island

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Kitchen Estimator
What shape is your kitchen?

Are you interested in financing?

Custom Kitchen Island in California

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Mens basketball

Arizona 80, Utah Valley 69

TUCSON, Ariz. As each 3-pointer dropped, Brandon Randolph seemed to grow more demonstrative and more willing to test his range.

By the time Randolph drained his fourth 3-pointer in the first two minutes of the second half, the Wildcats had overcome a 12-point halftime deficit and were on the way to a 51-point second half and an 80-69 victory over Utah Valley on Tuesday at McKale Center.

"We really moved the ball, and we had a player go unconscious," Arizona coach Sean Miller said. "A lot of times I like to say `Aw, we did this.' He came off screens and hit the shot. And they all mattered, every one of them."

Randolph had 14 of his 16 points in the second half, his last three coming from about 26 feet out on the left wing, and freshman guard Brandon Williams had his first double-double for the Wildcats, who won their 52nd straight nonconference home game.

"I haven't seen anybody do that for us in McKale since Gabe York in his senior day at Stanford," said Miller, referring to York's nine threes on March 5, 2016. "Those were four big, big shots. He gave everybody confidence."

Williams had 15 points and a career-high 10 rebounds and added five assists for the Wildcats.

"That wasn't necessarily the mindset," Randolph said of his 3-point spree. "It was just that we were running plays, I definitely got going and my teammates found me. It hyped me up and it hyped the crowd up. Hyped our team up."

The Wildcats, who trailed 41-29 at halftime, pulled away by shooting 61 percent in the second half. They were 8 of 14 from 3-point range in the second half.

Jake Toolson had 20 points and eight rebounds, brother Conner Toolson had 13 points and TJ Washington scored 11 for the Wolverines, who were the Wildcats' 36th straight nonconference victim in the team's only other meeting in December, 2014.

Arizona has not lost at home since San Diego State took a 61-57 victory on Nov. 23, 2011.

Justin Coleman added 15 points for Arizona, which had a 36-26 rebounding edge.

"Brandon Randolph stepped up and hit four straight threes, some really, really hard shots," Utah Valley coach Mark Pope said. "They turned up the intensity (in the second half), and when they tuned up to another level, the ball got sticky for us, and that's our Achilles heel."

Utah Valley shot 7 of 22 from the field in the second half.

Williams, a 6-foot-2 guard, had seven of his 10 rebounds in the first half. He had 16 rebounds in the first eight games of the season.

"Anything I can do to help those bigs, take some load off them," Williams said. "That's how I play, just aggressive. I was shocked when they told me I had a double-double. As a guard, that goes a long way."

Coleman and Williams made 3-pointers as Arizona took an 18-11 lead five minutes into the game before the Wolverines went on a 9-0 run that grew to 21-4 for a 32-22 advantage.

Washington had two 3-pointers and Jake Toolson had a 3-pointer and two free throws in that run, while Arizona made only one field goal in a 9-minute, 55-second span. Utah Valley took its biggest lead, 41-29, at halftime. Arizona shot 38.5 percent from the field in the first half.

Arizona: After losing all five starters, the Wildcats have played pretty much to expectations, falling to Top 10 teams Gonzaga and Auburn but recording a quality road win at UConn last Sunday. A winning record in the Pac-12 seems eminently reachable.

Southern Utah: The Arizona game was the latest in the Wolverines' aggressive nonconference schedule that included early losses to BYU, Saint Mary's and Utah State. The competition should serve them well in the Western Athletic Conference, where they are picked to finish in the first division of a conference traditionally dominated by New Mexico State.

Arizona: The schedule stiffens shortly - the Wildcats play at Alabama on Sunday before returning home to host Baylor on Dec. 15.

Southern Utah: The Wolverines will conclude a two-game trip down I-15 with a game against Northern Arizona on Saturday.


text:
Elevating pole tilts wildly

The query for: Elevating pole tilts wildly crossword clue has 1 possible solution according to our database. Please make sure to cross-check all the possible solutions given on our site because its a well known fact that same crosswords might have different answers.

CROSSWORD CLUE: Elevating pole tilts wildly
Last Seen: January 11 2018

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text:
Calling In Sick

Sunday, August 09, 2009

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When Jim walked into the office, he knew something was up.

There was a message on his desk that the boss wanted to see him as soon as he arrived. The boss didn't look very happy when Jim reported to his office. The older man didn't say anything, he just pointed at the newspaper on his desk. It was opened to the sports page, and there was a picture of a smiling Jim, holding up the trophy for winning the local golf tournament the day before.

"I just checked. You called in sick yesterday!" the boss said. "What if everybody just claimed to be sick and took off whenever they wanted to? What do you have to say for yourself?"

There was a moment of silence in the big corner office, until Jim finally spoke up, "I was really surprised to win the tournament, sir. I have never played that well. Think of the score I could have had if I hadn't been sick!"

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Sunday, November 30, 2008

Charity Piggy Bank: Almost There

As we close in on the end of the year, a double Charity Piggy Bank update for October and November. In keeping with the blog’s theme, the charity piggy bank is a small way to make a difference in a big world (even on a budget). Here are the totals:
  • Proportional giving (Oct + Nov): $76.01
  • Savings account interest, with thanks to ING!: $16.31
  • Rebates for BYO grocery bags: $2.50
  • Balance forward: $376.42
  • NEW TOTAL: $471.24

I’ve been sticking with this, even as the economy gets wobblier. While my panic instinct is just to focus on my own personal savings — especially since my 401(k) is performing swan dives and I am well behind Suze Orman’s ideal 8-month emergency fund in my savings account — I think now more than ever it’s important to share with nonprofits that are facing increased demands and reduced contributions. I’ll post some thoughts in the next week or so as I figure out where to contribute this year’s piggy bank, which looks like I will be right around $500. Pain free savings!

Friday, November 28, 2008

Shop till you drop? Grab an extra gift card.

As breathless newscasters keep reminding me, today is “Black Friday,” the biggest shopping day of the year (and the day retailers allegedly turn their first profit of the year, ergo out of the red and into the “black”)

For me Christmas shopping just isn’t the same without
Marshall Field’s. Yet we carry on.

I try not to post too many daily good deeds that cost money. But if one happens to be shopping up a storm today: consider picking up an extra $10 gift card at your favorite store. Mailed in a Christmas or holiday card it’s a thoughtful gift for a charity to on-pass to a client — or for one of the organization’s hard-working staff members. On the way to school I pass a Ronald McDonald House whose Wish List requests always include small items appropriate for birthday gifts; I try to send them gift cards a few times a year. Other ideas: a local homeless shelter, food pantry, or any organization that serves people in-person.

Happy shopping!

Today’s mitzvah: pick up an extra $10 gift card to send to a local charity.

Original post date: 11/23/07.

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Wednesday, November 26, 2008

Thanksgiving - Helping the Hungry

Today’s mitzvah (click below):
The Hunger Site

Hello after a long absence! I'm hoping to be back in force for Advent I. For now, I’ve been thinking about what an anxious Thanksgiving this will be for many people. Our grocery has the usual donation bins for non-perishables. I’d like to offer a personal challenge: Instead of just putting one item in the bins, how about putting in two instead? Pasta, peanut butter, tuna or other canned meats — most of us can afford a second item, especially if we look for sales and store brands.

I know the temptation is to cut way back on everything. But I keep thinking that there’s always someone else whose finances are tighter than mine — and in a scary economy more than ever, we need to stick together! There are also many small ways to contribute for free, including The Hunger Site buttons on this site.

The Hunger Site is supported by sponsors that make donations based on how many people click the web site’s Give Free Food icon each day. No cost to you, no strings. Just a lot of sponsor ads and a chance to join with thousands of others each day whose clicks enable Mercy Corps International and Feeding America to provide food to hungry people. I click every day. It only takes a few seconds — and then you can get back to baking my favorite pie.

Monday, November 3, 2008

Election Night Scorecard

hink the interactive part of November 4th is over when the polls close? Think again! Committee for a Livable Future has an Election Night Scorecard — including spaces for your own predictions, should you care to play against yourself or set up a good old-fashioned viewing party contest. The scorecard includes each state’s electoral votes, as well its 2004 results. Additionally you’ll find a blank box for your own predictions, and a space for the actual result.

Scroll down and you’ll also find pages to track key House and Senate races, and LivPAC’s summary of why the races matter.

You can access the scorecard here.


text:
GB dairy herd appears to be stable for now

Published 17 November 16

The number of dairy females aged 2 years or more is now at 1.82m, down nearly 34k compared to October 2015. The year-on-year fall is very similar to the level seen in July (down 37k). As last quarter, the year-on-year decline is coming from early lactation cows (2-4 year old) and older cows (8 years +) that recorded declines of 2% and 7% respectively.

GB dairy herd appears to be stable for now

Cows that are currently between 4 and 8 years of age continue to remain in the herd. There is also a continual increase in the youngstock population (less than 2 years old), meaning there are still sufficient numbers for potential herd replacement in the future.

It is worth noting that the overall dairy herd has increased slightly compared with July, although this is normal for the time of year. The rise is typically driven by autumn calving herds bringing more animals into the system. Despite the increase, overall dairy herd population continues to be on a similar downward trend to that seen last quarter. The chart below shows the general trend line, with October numbers shown as black markers

GB dairy pop 2yrs+


text:
Meat and dairy products to take centre stage in Hong Kong

Published 5 September 18

Lucy RandolphHigh quality meat and dairy products from Britain will be heading to Hong Kong next month for one of the leading fine dining exhibitions in Asia.

The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) will once again be exhibiting at the Restaurant and Bar Hong Kong (RBHK) show – which every year attracts thousands of visitors from the food service sector.

Held at the Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre, the three-day show is the key event in the food and beverage business calendar for keeping updated with the latest products, trends and developments.

AHDB will be joined by five exporters to showcase premium pork, beef and lamb as well as sausages, ham and bacon. And for the first time, AHDB Dairy will exhibit a selection of speciality cheeses from Britain.

Hong Kong is a key target market in the region for exporting high-quality British products into the food service sector.

AHDB’s Head of Asia Pacific Jonathan Eckley said: “This trade show is always very well attended and represents a fantastic opportunity for our producers to showcase premium meat products from Britain on a global platform.

“Asia is a key focus for our red meat exports and despite a challenging first-half of the year, AHDB remains committed to driving further demand for our world-class products to this all-important market.”

For the first time, the meat export team will be joined on their stand by AHDB Dairy.

AHDB Senior Export Manager Lucy Randolph added: “We are delighted to be exhibiting at this well respected show for the first time. We are keen to make our mark in this competitive market where quality food from Britain is welcome.”


text:
Srivastava & Gold
Tuesday, October 23, 2018

Naltrexone: A History and Future Directions

By: A. Benjamin Srivastava, M.D., and Mark S. Gold, M.D.

Editor’s Note: Trying to kick drug addiction without medicines is said to be like relying on willpower to overcome diabetes or asthma. Enter naltrexone, which has been around since 1984 and reduces the cravings for drugs and alcohol by fine-tuning the brain’s chemical reward system. Why has it recently increased in popularity? How does it compare to similar strategies? Has it made a difference? Our authors, who have long studied addiction and the brain, confront a drug and alcohol addiction problem that today kills more Americans each day than gun violence or car accidents.

Naltrexone: A History and Future Directions - spotlight

T he opioid epidemic is one of the foremost public health crises in the United States. A recent analysis from Stanford University suggested that without any changes in currently available treatment, prevention, and public health approaches, we should expect to have 510,000 deaths from prescription opioids and street heroin from 2016 to 2025 in the US.1 Both the lay press and scientific literature are full of proposals, analyses, and potential solutions. Most focus on expanding access to and dissemination of overdose reversal treatment (naloxone), and the medication-assisted treatment (MAT) drugs methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Obviously, expanding the availability of naloxone and MAT drugs are important steps that can be readily implemented, especially using an approach similar to what was done during the HIV epidemic.2,3 But in addition to such efforts, we must invest in research to develop new treatments informed by neuroscientific evidence.

Naltrexone’s Evolution

A comprehensive discussion of naltrexone should be understood within the context of naloxone, which is considered its short-acting version based on relative half-lives (three hours for naloxone, 13 hours for oral naltrexone). When first synthesized, naloxone was a novel medication as well as a cornerstone of research into the pharmacology of the opioid system. Naloxone successfully competes against opioids to bind to the “Mu” opioid receptor on neurons, completely blocking the opioid’s downstream effects. As a “Mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist,” it reverses the potentially deadly effects of opioid overdose.

Naloxone was first synthesized and subsequently patented in 1961 by Drs. Jack Fischman and Mozez Lewenstein of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, based on a theory proposed by their colleague, Dr. Harold Blumberg at the Long Island-based Endo Laboratories. Intravenous naloxone (Envizio) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for opioid overdose reversal in 1971 and was shortly adopted as a standard emergency treatment at many of the nation’s premier academic medical centers. At Yale New Haven Hospital’s emergency department, I (MSG) routinely administered the drug nearly 40 years ago.4,5

Until recently, naloxone was only available for intravenous use. In 2014, the FDA approved a subcutaneous/intramuscular autoinjector form that could be administered by an individual. In 2017, they approved a nasal spray form (NARCAN). We have long held that naloxone is similar to CPR or the Epi Pen—it reverses the acute, life threatening consequences of an illness, but it does not address the illness itself. Nevertheless, as physicians who have long labored in psychiatry and in addiction specifically, we absolutely need and want to rescue, resuscitate, and revive the patient and give them another chance to make a change. Allison L. Pitt and her Stanford colleagues correctly point out that none of the current treatment and policy proposals can substantially reduce opioid-induced deaths in the long term, but of the current interventions, naloxone could have the most impact.1

Like naloxone, the long-acting naltrexone is a MOR antagonist. It was first synthesized in 1963 by Endo Laboratories, which was later purchased in 1969 by DuPont Pharmaceuticals. Though the drug remained essentially dormant for several years, it attracted interest in 1972 when Congress passed the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act for the purpose of developing non-addictive (i.e., non-agonist) treatments for heroin addiction. At that time, methadone, a long acting MOR agonist, was the only medication available for opioid addiction. It seemed to quell cravings yet not produce as significant of a “high” or cognitive inhibition of heroin (though still did in some cases).

Practically speaking, heroin-dependent patients, if compliant with methadone, are able to work, have relationships, and lead productive lives. While methadone is an agonist (binds to opioid receptors and is addictive), it seemed to quell cravings. Nevertheless, the drug must be dispensed at a licensed clinic and requires careful monitoring; it is liable to abuse and diversion and, if combined with other sedating drugs (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol), can lead to overdose and death. Thus naltrexone, without the sedating, euphoric, and potentially fatal side effects of methadone, had enormous appeal as an office-based, alternative pharmacotherapeutic option for opioid-use disorder.

Naltrexone’s Learning Curve

In 1974, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) approached DuPont Pharmaceuticals about rigorously studying naltrexone to facilitate FDA approval.6 Though early trials led by Dr. Chuck O’Brien at the University of Pennsylvania and others were promising, they were plagued by participants’ noncompliance. Specifically, since participants needed to make the decision daily to take oral naltrexone instead of heroin, many intermittently chose to use heroin instead. Noncompliance was followed by almost inevitable relapse, which was (and continues to be) a major issue that limits the utility of daily oral naltrexone.7,8 Nevertheless, the FDA in 1984 approved naltrexone for treating heroin addiction, noting in the labeling that it does not reinforce medication compliance, and a therapeutic effect is expected only when given under external conditions that support its continued use.

An extended-release form, administered in monthly injections (Vivitrol), demonstrated markedly improved compliance over the oral formulation. Its manufacturer (Alkermes) applied for and received FDA approval in 2006 for alcohol-use disorder and in 2010 for opioid-use disorder.9,10  An even longer-acting implantable form of naltrexone has since been developed, although is still being tested and not currently approved for clinical use.11

At Yale in the mid-1970s, we had already done major work on elucidating the neurobiology of opioid withdrawal and the role of noradrenergic discharge in making withdrawal symptoms so difficult to tolerate. We first discovered that symptoms of opioid withdrawal were modulated by excessive discharge of norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus, a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved in physiological responses to stress and panic. Then, in a series of landmark papers, we showed that clonidine, by directly inhibiting this discharge, suppresses withdrawal symptoms.12 We could safely detoxify patients and send them to Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) or a residential treatment center, or put them on the oral form of naltrexone. We thought at that time that we had found the perfect MAT. Naltrexone was inexpensive, long-acting (as opposed to naloxone), safe, and effective. Patients did not report major central nervous system side effects, and the drug completely blocked the effects of heroin.

Some patients taking naltrexone tried to overcome the blockade by injecting large amounts of heroin and complained to the physician that they weren’t getting high and were wasting their money. Compared with methadone, patients on naltrexone did not experience any euphoria, tolerance, or withdrawal; naltrexone was clearly non-addictive. But as discussed above, few patients complied with short-acting naltrexone treatment, and most relapsed. These lessons, learned in the late 1970s and early 1980s, are not generally included in today’s discussions of naltrexone (or naloxone) implementation.4,13,14

In the 1980s, we tested naltrexone in groups that had professional reasons to adhere to prescribed treatments: physicians and businessmen, who are often coerced into following treatment and have strong professional and financial incentives to remain abstinent. Our early results were clear: more patients than in the past took naltrexone, stayed in treatment, and were drug free for a six-month period. We then suggested (at the time, controversially) that for medication-assisted treatment to be effective, patients need to be incentivized and followed longitudinally (on the order of years, not just for several weeks or 90 days) in a structured setting that addressed all medical, psychiatric, and social aspects of their addiction.15

Our long-time colleague Dr. Robert DuPont, a former US “Drug Czar” (head of the Office of National Drug Control Policy) and the first director of the NIDA, and others continued exhaustive work on programs to help physicians suffering from addiction. They completed a longitudinal study that began in 2008 and followed individuals enrolled in different states’ confidential Physician’s Health Programs (PHPs) over five years. That study demonstrated that at five years nearly 80 percent of physicians enrolled in PHPs who received comprehensive care, including 90-day structured residential treatment, continuous monitoring through drug testing, support groups (addressing psychiatric and medical comorbidity), and long-term follow up, had remained in treatment, were abstinent, and had returned to work. Of note, very few physicians were prescribed naltrexone and none were prescribed FDA-approved agonist therapy (buprenorphine, which had been approved in 2002, or methadone). Decisions regarding pharmacotherapy were largely left to the treatment centers and treating physicians.16,17

Since then, naltrexone has been found to have considerable utility in the treatment of impaired physicians. As anesthesiologists are particularly notorious for developing intravenous opioid addictions, oftentimes with consequences including overdose and death, the State of Florida’s PHP recommended that all anesthesiologists (but not necessarily other specialties) diagnosed with opioid addiction be maintained on naltrexone injections and continue with the other aspects of their prescribed treatment. PHP data indicates that this practice is successful in maintaining abstinence and retention in treatment.18 These experiences suggest that patients need help taking treatment as prescribed and for as long as necessary.

Naltrexone and Alcohol

While drug overdoses claimed 63,000 American lives in 2016, it is estimated that excessive alcohol use caused 88,000 deaths during the same year,19 so obviously alcoholism represents an important public health problem as well. In 1986, Dr. Joseph Volpicelli, a psychiatrist and research fellow at University of Pennsylvania, demonstrated that in an animal model of alcohol consumption, rats drink more when exposed to a foot shock (a painful stimulus). Further, naltrexone blocked post-shock increase of alcohol consumption, implicating a likely mechanism of the endogenous opioid (specifically endorphin) system in alcohol consumption.20 This landmark study prompted the first clinical trial of oral naltrexone in alcohol-use disorder, conducted by Volpicelli and O’Brien. It demonstrated naltrexone’s efficacy in preventing relapse in these patients.21

A group at Yale replicated their findings in a larger cohort, leading to FDA approval of the drug for the treatment of alcoholism.22  Since then, many clinical trials  have demonstrated that naltrexone consistently reduces the overall amount of alcohol consumed and the number of heavy drinking days, albeit with moderate effect sizes.23  Another study found that alcohol-use disorder and opioid-use disorder frequently co-occur and, if alcohol-use disorder is left untreated, the rate of opioid relapse quadruples.24 Thus, naltrexone may have dual efficacy in the treatment of co-occurring alcohol and opioid-use disorders.

One challenge has emerged because of the small to moderate effect sizes of naltrexone therapy: predicting which patients will respond to naltrexone. Hugh Myrick and colleagues showed that naltrexone reduces craving through reduced activation of the ventral striatum—the brain’s reward system—when presented with a salient cue.25 Schacht and colleagues demonstrated that  genotype may influence this process, via dopaminergic neurotransmission.26  A later study by the same group failed to show  genotypic moderation of these effects, but found that carriers of a candidate gene had an accelerated return to drinking after medication was stopped.27 Thus, genetic and imaging findings as they relate to patient response to naltrexone have been inconsistent.

This inconsistency raises an important point about brain connectivity. Most task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies presuppose that the task reflects an actual neuropsychological construct (i.e., valid description of human behavior with a consistent neurobiological underpinning) and that the signal-to-noise ratio is low.28 Additionally, most such studies focus strictly on anatomical areas, although decades of research in systems neuroscience have demonstrated that the brain is functionally organized into resting state networks (RSNs).28,29  In fact, when scanned for a sufficient amount of time (~100 minutes vs the 5-10 minutes that most resting state studies use), an individualized connectome with topological distinctions in anatomical organization of RSNs from a group average may be produced.30,31

Recent work from Caterina Gratton and colleagues demonstrated that cortical RSNs within an individual are stable and contribute the largest amount of between subject variability in brain connectivity, even when tasks are superimposed.32 Thus, a novel approach for investigating genotype by fMRI interaction predicting naltrexone response may involve the utilization of resting state functional connectivity using highly sampled subjects.

 Agonist Versus Antagonist Treatment

One cannot read news of the addiction field without noting the debate between agonist (methadone or buprenorphine) and antagonist (naltrexone) treatment advocates, often reflecting unclear understanding or biased interpretation of evidence. Each medication has its strengths and weaknesses, and treatments can work differently in different patients. Methadone has proven five-year outcomes with decades of data supporting its use. But it can only be dispensed at licensed clinics, has a very complex pharmacologic profile and, as an MOR agonist, can cause sedation and death when combined with other drugs.23 Buprenorphine is safer and easier to dose than methadone, but retention in treatment is much lower and, like methadone, it is subject to diversion and abuse.

Naltrexone, as an MOR antagonist, lacks the other drugs’ potential for abuse, but has limited data support; its FDA approval was based on a single randomized controlled trial. In the extended-release form, its efficacy in opioid abstinence was similar to buprenorphine 23 in two short term, 12-week trials; however, failure to initiate naltrexone (because the subjects needed to be opioid free for a period of days) was a significant barrier to naltrexone treatment.34,35 In sum, long term data is scant for naltrexone and weak/inconsistent for buprenorphine. Indeed, clearly the best evidence for long term outcomes is with methadone.37

Ultimately, given their similar efficacy in randomized controlled trials, injectable naltrexone is like buprenorphine, a viable option to be considered in treatment, but it should not be an end in itself. Indeed, Pitt et al comprehensively studied policies aimed at the “demand” side (i.e., treating addiction directly), and most proved to be beneficial without causing harm, but no single policy is predicted to substantially reduce addiction or its consequences in the long term.1

Looking Ahead

Naltrexone, like methadone and buprenorphine, has demonstrated success, and our experience tells us that all these drugs can help patients. But the science of addiction dictates that we need to push for more sophisticated neuroscience-informed treatment (i.e., in terms of effects on brain circuits).

Addiction is a chronic disease that can cause long lasting changes in the brain. It is a complex illness involving multiple neurotransmitter systems and circuits, and the Stanford group data referenced above challenges the assumption that affecting one neurotransmitter system (either agonist or antagonist) is a panacea and that simple “dissemination” of MAT will solve the opioid epidemic.1,40,41

We have shown neuropathological, circuit level, and behavioral similarities between traumatic brain injury and chronic methamphetamine use.42 The idea that the brain’s reward circuitry, memory, neurotransmitter systems, cell bodies, and higher functions may be the same after addiction as before has been assumed but not demonstrated. Resting state functional connectivity may serve as the ideal tool to study brain changes in vivo, as is proposed by the NIDA ABCD study, a longitudinal study following subjects from childhood to adulthood with the specific intent of examining developmental brain changes associated with substance use disorders.43

Similarly, we need better neuroscience-informed diagnostic and prognostic markers. Every physician who treats patients with substance-use disorders understands the phenomenon of “protracted withdrawal”—symptoms that persist well beyond the immediate context of drug cessation—but this has long been difficult to study and operationalize on the level of symptoms alone.44 Here, resting state functional connectivity may provide a useful tool for illuminating the condition from a systems-neuroscience perspective. A landmark paper by Andrew Drysdale and colleagues used resting state functional connectivity to define “biotypes” of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and a similar approach may be applied to substance use disorders.45

In regard to new interventions, preliminary evidence indicates that vigorous physical exercise on the one hand, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the other may be promising post-addiction treatments.46-48 A mechanistically novel family of medications, neurosteroids (positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors), have substantial preclinical data indicating therapeutic effects for a variety of psychiatric illness, including addiction.49,50 Given that the likely therapeutic mechanism of neurosteroids involves network-level changes in brain stress states and demonstrated changes in self administration studies of drugs of abuse with progesterone, one may expect similarly positive results in randomized controlled trials for opioid use disorder.49,51

In sum, naltrexone can be an extremely helpful medication for opioid and alcohol use disorders. But it is a conceptual error to think that it (or any current FDA-approved medication) should suffice as a standalone treatment for either illness. We emphasize two points: First, the current status of mechanism-based treatments (whether MOR agonist or antagonist) is crude, and we advocate for more resources directed towards the development of biological markers using advanced neuroimaging techniques; novel drug development based on a systems neuroscience rather than neurotransmitter approach; and rigorous studies investigating neuromodulation. Second, addiction should be viewed in the same light as other chronic illnesses, requiring longitudinal comprehensive care, with a focus on prevention, mitigation, and long-term outcome.1

Addiction is an enduring illness that characteristically develops over time, yet treatment often is administered in time limited settings. Short-term interventions give patients and families the idea that treatment is some sort of quick fix, but in truth abstinence and long-term recovery are the goals of treatment. Only then will we be able to consistently and effectively address not only the opioid epidemic but the broader question of addiction as a whole.

Financial Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

1.            Pitt AL, Humphreys K, Brandeau ML. Modeling Health Benefits and Harms of Public Policy Responses to the US Opioid Epidemic. Am J Public Health 2018:e1-e7.

2.            Williams AR, Bisaga A. From AIDS to Opioids - How to Combat an Epidemic. N Engl J Med 2016;375(9):813-5.

3.            Williams AR, Nunes EV, Bisaga A, Pincus HA, Johnson KA, Campbell AN, et al. Developing an opioid use disorder treatment cascade: A review of quality measures. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018;91:57-68.

4.            Yardley W. Jack Fishman Dies at 83; Saved Many From Overdose. The New York Times 2013 December 14, 2013.

5.            Gold MS. Wonder drugs. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1987.

6.            Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Chapter 4—Oral Naltrexone. In: Incorporating Alcohol Pharmacotherapies Into Medical Practice. U.S.: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2009.

7.            Greenstein RA, O'Brien CP, McLellan AT, Woody GE, Grabowski J, Long M, et al. Naltrexone: a short-term treatment for opiate dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1981;8(3):291-300.

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12.          Gold MS, Pottash AL, Extein I. Clonidine: inpatient studies from 1978 to 1981. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43(6 Pt 2):35-8.

13.          McDonald R, Campbell ND, Strang J. Twenty years of take-home naloxone for the prevention of overdose deaths from heroin and other opioids-Conception and maturation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017;178:176-187.

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18.          Merlo LJ, Greene WM, Pomm R. Mandatory naltrexone treatment prevents relapse among opiate-dependent anesthesiologists returning to practice. J Addict Med 2011;5(4):279-83.

19.          (CDC) CfDCaP. Alcohol Related Disease Impact (ARDI) application; 2013.

20.          Volpicelli JR, Davis MA, Olgin JE. Naltrexone blocks the post-shock increase of ethanol consumption. Life Sci 1986;38(9):841-7.

21.          Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O'Brien CP. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49(11):876-80.

22.          O'Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Chang G, Schottenfeld RS, Meyer RE, Rounsaville B. Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49(11):881-7.

23.          Connery HS. Medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder: review of the evidence and future directions. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2015;23(2):63-75.

24.          Clark RE, Baxter JD, Aweh G, O'Connell E, Fisher WH, Barton BA. Risk Factors for Relapse and Higher Costs Among Medicaid Members with Opioid Dependence or Abuse: Opioid Agonists, Comorbidities, and Treatment History. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015;57:75-80.

25.          Myrick H, Anton RF, Li X, Henderson S, Randall PK, Voronin K. Effect of naltrexone and ondansetron on alcohol cue-induced activation of the ventral striatum in alcohol-dependent people. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65(4):466-75.

26.          Schacht JP, Anton RF, Voronin KE, Randall PK, Li X, Henderson S, et al. Interacting effects of naltrexone and OPRM1 and DAT1 variation on the neural response to alcohol cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013;38(3):414-22.

27.          Schacht JP, Randall PK, Latham PK, Voronin KE, Book SW, Myrick H, et al. Predictors of Naltrexone Response in a Randomized Trial: Reward-Related Brain Activation, OPRM1 Genotype, and Smoking Status. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017;42(13):2640-2653.

28.          Snyder AZ. Intrinsic Brain Activity and Resting State Networks. In: Pfaff DW VN, editors,, editor. Neuroscience in the 21st Century: From Basic to Clinical. New York, NY: Springer; 2016. p. 1625-1676.

29.          Power JD, Cohen AL, Nelson SM, Wig GS, Barnes KA, Church JA, et al. Functional network organization of the human brain. Neuron 2011;72(4):665-78.

30.          Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Gilmore AW, Newbold DJ, Greene DJ, Berg JJ, et al. Precision Functional Mapping of Individual Human Brains. Neuron 2017;95(4):791-807.e7.

31.          Laumann TO, Gordon EM, Adeyemo B, Snyder AZ, Joo SJ, Chen MY, et al. Functional System and Areal Organization of a Highly Sampled Individual Human Brain. Neuron 2015;87(3):657-70.

32.          Gratton C, Laumann TO, Nielsen AN, Greene DJ, Gordon EM, Gilmore AW, et al. Functional Brain Networks Are Dominated by Stable Group and Individual Factors, Not Cognitive or Daily Variation. Neuron 2018;98(2):439-452.e5.

33.          Carter CS, Bearden CE, Bullmore ET, Geschwind DH, Glahn DC, Gur RE, et al. Enhancing the Informativeness and Replicability of Imaging Genomics Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2017;82(3):157-164.

34.          Tanum L, Solli KK, Latif ZE, Benth JS, Opheim A, Sharma-Haase K, et al. Effectiveness of Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone vs Daily Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Noninferiority Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74(12):1197-1205.

35.          Lee JD, Nunes EV, Jr., Novo P, Bachrach K, Bailey GL, Bhatt S, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391(10118):309-318.

36.          Lofwall MR, Walsh SL, Nunes EV, Bailey GL, Sigmon SC, Kampman KM, et al. Weekly and Monthly Subcutaneous Buprenorphine Depot Formulations vs Daily Sublingual Buprenorphine With Naloxone for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2018;178(6):764-773.

37.          Hser Y-I, Evans E, Huang D, Weiss R, Saxon A, Carroll KM, et al. Long-term Outcomes after Randomization to Buprenorphine/Naloxone versus Methadone in A Multi-site Trial. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2016;111(4):695-705.

38.          Lavonas EJ, Severtson SG, Martinez EM, Bucher-Bartelson B, Le Lait MC, Green JL, et al. Abuse and diversion of buprenorphine sublingual tablets and film. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014;47(1):27-34.

39.          Cicero TJ, Ellis MS, Surratt HL, Kurtz SP. Factors contributing to the rise of buprenorphine misuse: 2008-2013. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014;142:98-104.

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Pierre J. Magistretti, M.D., Ph.D., University of Lausanne Medical School and Hospital
Helen Mayberg, M.D., Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Bruce S. McEwen, Ph.D., The Rockefeller University
Donald Price, M.D., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Charles Zorumski, M.D., Washington University School of Medicine

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Herbert Hoover As Secretary of Commerce: Studies in New Era by Ellis W. Hawley

By Ellis W. Hawley

Publication by means of Hawley, Ellis W. - Editor, with an creation

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9 Helping Hoover in effecting this transformation were some out- Page 22 standing men. Claudius H. Huston of Tennessee became Hoover's assistant secretary. William E. Lamb was appointed solicitor. Dr. John M. Gries was made head of the Division of Building and Housing. Dr. Julius Klein, professor of Latin American history and economics at Harvard, became director of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Christian A. Herter, later secretary of state under Eisenhower, was made special assistant in charge of publicity.

17 Reflecting this point of view, for example, were such accounts as Harold U. Faulkner, From Versailles to the New Deal (New Haven, 1955), Arthur M. , The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933 (Boston, 1957), and John D. Hicks, Republican Ascendancy, 1921-1933 (New York, 1960). 18 The most influential work was Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America (New York, 1955). Also influential were the historians Daniel Boorstin and Clinton Rossiter. 19 Among the major works reflecting and helping to shape this new perspective were Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform (New York, 1955); Samuel P.

The second new framework was that emerging from an enhanced awareness of the work being done in sociology, political science, institutional economics, and management studies. 19 They saw, in particular, a society in which traditional ordering mechanisms had been unable to withstand the impact of industrialization and mass mobility; in which a period of disorganization, cultural conflict, and social strain had ensued; and in which a new, more modern, and more rational set of ordering mechanisms had gradually Page 7 emerged and gained social legitimacy.

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How Stem Cells Can Be Used to Repair Bone Cartilage
Stem Cell

How Stem Cells Can Be Used to Repair Bone Cartilage

Using The Stem Cells in Repairing The Bone Cartilage

Osteoarthritis remains to be one of the most prevalent causes of knee pain in the world. In fact, a sizable portion of the world’s population is experiencing it and according to them, it is just so unbearable to even move their bodies because of it.

For those of you who do not know, the condition is characterized by the thinning of the cartilage near the knee joint. Any friction due to moving the muscle joint can create enormous amounts of pain to the point that people can barely walk.

How Stem Cells Can Be Used to Repair Bone CartilageAcute treatments aimed to somehow relieve the pain would be the injection of anti-inflammatory agents near the area of the damaged knee and it also accompanied by physical therapy and sometimes even some oral medications. Although these things can help alleviate the pain, it really doesn’t cure it. The pain just stops but the underlying problem is still there.

Usually, people who have severe cases of osteoarthritis are advised to get a knee replacement surgery to fix the problem. The procedure, although helpful to patients with this condition, is actually frowned upon by many.

This is due to the fact that it requires a surgical procedure and the thought of that makes some people queasy. After all, it is not easy to go “under the knife”.

For those of who do not know, a knee replacement surgery is when the doctor will cut a small incision near the affected knee and replace the damaged cartilage with artificial implants that help mimic what the cartilage can do (which connects the muscle tissue to the joint itself).

Yes, the procedure remains to be somewhat pain-free given that the patient is given general anesthesia to take the pain away, but the problem here is that this is only a temporary solution. It is not a permanent fix.

There are some cases where the artificial implants contaminate the knee area and it could lead to infections instead!

Stem Cell Therapy

If you want a more permanent solution and one that truly works, then you might want to resort to stem cell therapy instead. In this procedure, stem cells that are found in your body will be infused in the area of the damaged knee. This is for the stem cells to restore your damaged cartilage providing a better solution to your knee problems.

To do this, the doctor will either get some of your stem cells from your bone marrow or in your adipose (fat) tissue. These stem cells will then be transplanted in your damaged knee and after a few months, it will be back to normal form!

Stem cells have been used to help regenerate lost and damaged tissue in the body. In fact, stem cell therapy has been done to many osteoarthritis sufferers and they’ve enjoyed the benefits of it.

How Stem Cells Can Be Used to Repair Bone CartilageSome even went on to say that they’ve never felt better and they are sprier than before they’ve received the transplant.

Therefore, if you want a non-invasive treatment solution for your osteoarthritis, then better look into stem cell therapies instead of knee replacement surgeries.


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Cylix – ‘Alpha’ Viva Music Album Review

April 7, 2011 in Album Reviews

Cylix - 'Alpha' Viva Music Album Review

Cylix are: plasmaG (aka George Lamparis; synth, guitar, programming & arrangements) and Harry (aka Harry Grypaios; vocals, programming), a Greek synthpop, electro and EBM duo formed in 2000. On and off on the most prominent club venues and on the Greek scene, they took a professional twist until the release of their debut album, “Alpha” with Life Is Painful Records in late 2010, and they are now listed as a top-selling artist on the prestigious merchandiser site

Cylix claim their influences from artists such as De/Vision, Mesh, Front 242, Apoptygma Berzerk, Neuroticfish, but also VNV Nation and Covenant. As a convincing mash-up of beloved acts of the EBM and synthpop scenes, Cylix provide great listening material (and club scene material) on their debut “Alpha“, with a luminous set of 9+2 (nine original tracks; two remixes). While it would sound convenient to assume that a core set of recognizable tunes of their influencers is audible in their album, it becomes a far-fetched conclusion once you hit play: the album inundates one’s ears with quality synthpop, generously rounded up by EBM in a suite of breathtaking tracks. “Enter” is obviously the first track of the compilation, breaking ground with fresh and persuasive sound, and it is followed at a quick pace by the band’s acclaimed “So Much for Love“, a track that comes in a musical couplet with its remix by Lights of Euphoria, “So Much for Love: Lights of Euphoria Cafe Mix“, and that diverts the original strictly synth score to a more EBM-friendly tune. “Miles Divide” irrupts in a very majestic manner next, and “Heal Me” continues a tradition of great tracks bearing this name. “Heal Me” also benefits from a tremendously intelligent remix, “Heal Me: Psyche After Hours Mix” in the remix section of the album. Mention should be made when it comes to these tracks of the verbal clarity and enticing tone of the voice: Harry does a great job as the maitre d’ who ushers you into the realm of Cylix.

Don’t Let Me Fade” is a great track worth listening to on repeat and, if it hasn’t gotten too much air- and club-time, it surely will – its presence is contagious to the ear, and it has a tune that’s easy to carry on – and pleasurable, too. “Keine Zeit” is a generous display of melodious, synchronized instrument & voice excellence. You should, however, know you’re in for a surprise, since “Deepest Fear” is about to knock you out. Last but not least, “Exit” concludes the album with, again, a generous and multidimensional track with a beat and a twist.

“So Much for Love”
“Miles Divide”
“Heal Me”
“Don’t Let Me Fade”
“Keine Zeit”
“In My Veins”
“Deepest Fear”
“So Much for Love: Lights of Euphoria Cafe Mix”
“Heal Me: Psyche After Hours Mix”

Cylix – “Alpha” album trailer

Cylix on MySpace

Cylix on Facebook

Life is Painful Records

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