text:
The Occasions for Disease

   Our ancestors said that sickness was of God, but there were also among them those who asserted that it was of the Devil. This is a delusional etiology; it has no relation to reality. The men of science say that it is due to the invasion of the body by foreign entities (germs and viruses), a concept identical with the demon etiology of the past. Hygiene teaches dependence on laws that govern the organic world, that health will be sustained so long as these are obeyed and that disease results from violations of the same laws. It is folly to argue that God is too good to disease anyone by miracle; disease is not the outworking of miracles. It is the consequence of violated law. Neither the Devil nor his imps can produce disease by miracles.

   Disease is a biological process and, like all biological processes, develops and is carried out according to unchanging laws and principles, to violations of which are attached appropriate consequences. Disease, suffering and premature death are but the consequences of the infractions of the laws that regularly govern the processes of life. Thus the causes of disease are knowable and avoidable; hence, we must bear responsibility for our illnesses. The idea of the immateriality and unavoidability of disease, first promulgated by the ancient priest-craft, is still incarnate in the medical doctrine of the inevitability of sickness.

   We hold that, when traced to ultimate causes, all disease is the inevitable consequence of living contrary to the laws of organic being and that diligence in conforming to the laws of life will assure good health. We contend that the great variety of pathological conditions which are evolved by man and the vast variety of causative factors leading to such evolutions are wholly due to deviations from the strict regimen which Hygiene arbitrarily enforces, violations of which are certain to result in pain, sickness and premature death.

   Health and disease are not something extraneously given. They are inherent results. They result from opposite modes of living. We cannot do as we please, for some ways are superior to other ways. Only the superior ways produce superior health. Inferior ways destroy those who practice them.

   The laws of nature are not only stamped into our very being, they are also stamped into our relationships with the whole of life and of nature. It is by our violation of the laws of relationship that we destroy ourselves. We are related to food, water, air, sunshine, other people, other forms of life, etc. We have one type of relationship to food and another type of relationship to poisons. We should know and understand these relationships and be guided accordingly.

   As an entity, a living self-acting organism, man has a certain choice in the way he lives. He exercises autonomy. He can choose to use alcohol or to abstain, to be a vegetarian or to eat flesh, to take exercise or to remain idle, to live in the shade or out in the sun, to dissipate his sex energies or to conserve them, etc. He is free to choose his own way of life, but he is not free to choose the results. The consequences of his choice are "even the fruit of his own thoughts" and actions. Man either builds himself or destroys himself by the manner in which he lives.

   Life is not a matter of "do this," and "don't do that." It is a matter of relationships. If a man gets into the right relationship, everything follows from that. Everything flows from the central loyalty. Health flows from loyalty to the legitimate, disease from loyalty to the illegitimate things of life.

   All living is a curious mixture of right and wrong conduct--of good food and bad, of fresh air and foul, of conservation and dissipation, of cleanliness and uncleanness, of emotional irritation and emotional calm, etc. What we may denominate physiological wrong doing affects the whole organism. Whatever is inimical to our physiological welfare, even if only slightly so, should be recognized as contributing to the cause of disease.

   In obedience to what is apparently an irresistible law, we are compelled to infer a causal nexus or connection between antecedent and consequents that are essentially related. The causes of disease must be sought in the conditions and habits that men make for themselves. Health requires that all the vital functions be maintained in vigor and harmony of development; any failure in these functions marks the initial stage in the evolution of disease. The immediate cause of disease is that actual condition of the individual organism which necessitates the remedial effort. We call it immediate because it is within the organism and actually makes the remedial action necessary. This is a toxic state, growing out of enervation and depressed function.

   Nature has made ample provision for the maintenance of pure blood, provided her laws are obeyed. Four of the principal organs of the body--lungs, liver, bowel and kidneys--are constantly engaged in the work of purification, so that if we would be careful to use only appropriate material and only as much of this as the vital organs can convert and utilize and if, at the same time we refuse to overwork, while cleanliness, proper rest and healthful exercise secure to us an abundant vigor, impurity of blood in a noteworthy degree would be impossible.

   Waste and repair belong to health as well as to disease and processes are carried on easily and comfortably or slowly and laboriously, as the case may be, representing health on the one hand and disease on the other. The process of life is one of continual waste and repair. The organism is made up of the food eaten, water drunk and air breathed, which things become by use changed into substances which are poisonous if retained. The excretions from the bowels, lungs, liver and kidneys are the same substances in another form that we have eaten, drunk and breathed. As we took them in they were capable of sustaining life; but now that they have been used, they have been changed into unusable and poisonous impurities which must be promptly removed.

   We can perform no action and perform no thought without using muscle or brain. In acting and thinking we use substance. Indeed, the ordinary vital action necessary to sustain life uses substance. This use gives rise to waste which must be carried out of the body, else it accumulates and, being toxic, may give rise to disease, or, if accumulated in sufficient amount, will result in death. The efficiency with which bodily waste is excreted is determined by the functioning power possessed by each individual and by any individual at a given time.

   Living and non-living machines have one thing in common: namely, their work uses energy. Everything that tends to exhaust the vital resources of the body lowers its functioning powers and disposes it to the development of disease. When nerve energy is lowered, the weaker parts of the body are likely to falter most in their functions; but all parts are impaired more or less. When the vital forces are maintained at a low ebb, they are frittered away without accomplishing the best results. It would seem that we have a choice between a rapid expression of function (an acceleration of expenditure) with a consequent early exhaustion and the continuance of function (the ultimate aggregation of functioning power that is possible), which conserves the body's functioning span. What is often mistaken for a superabundance of nervous energy or a surcharged condition of the nerves is probably nothing other than nerve irritation, either of a toxic or of an emotional nature.

   Lowered functioning power, a state which we call enervation, inhibits secretion and excretion, resulting in a slow accumulation of body waste in the fluids and tissues of the organism. Medical science does not include enervation in its etiology; it knows nothing of the inhibition of excretion that enervation produces and of the toxemia that results from inhibited excretion. It is busy searching the sun, moon and stars for causes of man's suffering. We say that toxemia, which grows out of inhibition of excretion, is the universal basic cause of disease; but we also say that toxemia has many causes. Toxemia is but a link in the chain of causes and effects. "It takes more than one blue-bird to make a spring," runs the old adage. It takes more than one bad habit to build a fatal disease.

   Inflammation in any part of the body arises out of the same cause--toxemia. The enervation that checks elimination and evolves toxemia may be the result of any enervating cause or any number of such causes. Call the disease tonsillitis, endocarditis, gastritis, colitis, cystitis, metritis, cholangitis or inflammation of the gall duct, pyorrhea, or by some other name--they all rest on a basis of toxemia.

   There is at all times a normal amount of waste matter in the blood stream. This becomes a menace to health only when it is allowed to accumulate above a certain physiological maximum. When it accumulates above this point, the body establishes a channel of supplementary excretion to remove the waste matter from the fluids of the body. In childhood and early life, intolerance is the leading characteristic of the tissues. As a consequence, violent actions, occasioned by slight causes, are seen in children--sudden and fierce fevers, severe inflammations, etc., of short duration are characteristic of this time of life. With the passage of time, the tissues harden and lose their original sensitivity. They do not bear irritation better; they have merely lost enough of their native sensitivity that they act less promptly and less violently. Tolerance characterizes this period of life. Inflammations, fevers, etc., are less fierce, last longer and are less effective in resisting the sources of irritation.

   Once established, toxemia is always established, unless enervating habits are discontinued. The longer toxemia has lasted and the more tissue deterioration has resulted, the greater is the time required for a return to health. Established as a chronic state as a result of the practice of enervating habits, toxemia itself lowers and impairs the functioning of all the organs of the body. Rest and a correction of the mode of living permits the restoration of normal secretion and excretion.

   The immediate (proximate) causes of disease are so intimately connected with the disease itself that the two are frequently confounded and used indiscriminately, but they are really different. The needle in the finger, for example, and the inflammation which heals the prick are different. We need always to clearly distinguish between the condition that makes remedial action necessary and the remedial action itself. While remedial action never evolves without cause, cause may exist (due to toleration) for some time in advance of the evolution of the remedial activity.

   We have now to consider the many ways in which man depletes his functioning energies. It may be said in general that any action, habit or indulgence that uses up energy in excess will lower his standard of functioning power and inhibit secretion and excretion, thus resulting not only in a toxic state of the body, but in impaired nutrition. In this view disease is largely the outgrowth of overindulgence. But it may also result from deficiency, so that we may say that its universal excesses and deficiencies (of which the whole human race is guilty) constitute the ultimate cause of man's suffering.

   The three grand dominating functions of life are mind, nutrition and reproduction. Man tends to permit these three functions to run wild--destroying himself with his emotionalism, eating to excess and going to equal excesses in his sexual activities. When this brings discomfort, he seeks for palliation in poison. We could say that emotionalism, gluttony, debauchery and poison addiction constitute his four greatest offenses against his organism. By ignoring the higher faculties of his mind and leaving them without education, man is made into an eating, drinking and gain-getting animal who lives in his lower senses and is more mischievous and unhappy than the animals because he does not exist to be merely a brute.

   Two reasons combine to cause men and women to indulge in health-destroying habits and practices in spite of their knowledge of the harmfulness of such habits. First, it is erroneously supposed that the most enjoyment is to be gained by catering to the common vices and that, second, however much the body may be impaired by such gratifications, there is a panacea for it in drugs. It is not generally understood and appreciated that every violation of the laws of life, however slight, inevitably lessens prematurely the capacity for normal action and long life, and so of physical enjoyment and consequent mental growth and happiness. If this were fully realized, the delusive belief in the curative power of drugs would soon be numbered among the superstitions that were.

   It is well to keep in mind, in all considerations of this subject, that a large measure of the violations of the laws of life of which so many are more or less habitually guilty, are attributable to wrong direction and social expressions, more than to any overpowering individual tendency to depravity. A country's institutions are capable of exerting a far greater influence upon the physiological habits of the people than may at first be supposed. With its ignorance of relations and conventionalisms, society is forced to entertain a multitude of inefficient and diseased individuals as a penalty for the wrong to which it subjects them.

   Dr. Taylor said: "Having become so perverted in natural instincts and perceptions, people mistake abnormal for normal desires and instead of granting a natural supply of the real needs of the body, artificial wants, to their detriment, are sedulously attended to. Strange to say, when they see that the ultimate results of such a course are evil only, they persistently pursue it--evidently because they care more for the present gratification of a false state than for an ultimate real good, more for animal enjoyment than mental."

   In reality, a great loss of enjoyment is incurred, even in the present, by yielding to the promptings of perverted senses. The idea is erroneous that any sacrifice of enjoyment is required to live simply and healthfully. To the contrary, the plainest fare with a normal sense of taste affords more gustatory enjoyment and this of a higher order than an epicurian diet with a perverted taste. Strict adherence to Hygienic living soon renders the sense of taste normal and its exercise far more pleasurable, so that the sacrifice and loss is only on the side of those who fail to live in harmony with the laws of life.

   Imprudencies in diet are perhaps, often more than anything else, responsible for indigestion, so-called "biliousness," diarrhea, gas, gastric discomfort, "heart burn," and a host of other symptoms of which so many millions constantly complain. We cook and season our foods so that we are tempted to gluttony; we eat the flesh and fat of animals that have been made sick by our methods of caring for them; we glut ourselves on foods that have been processed, refined and adulterated to such an extent that they are unfit for human consumption. Danger resides in certain of the residues of such foods. Surfeit leads to boredom and nausea. An overflow of nutrition would seem to lead to an overflow of development into pathological channels. Can gluttony or intemperance claim a single virtue and is there among us a single phase of character to be admired that has these as its source? We remember the virtues that endear the good, but we cannot forget the vices that deform the bad.

   When a man dies of habitual gluttony, his friends are likely to attribute his death to the "inscrutable ways of God." The "mysterious Providence" upon which they are prone to lay the blame for so much of their suffering is none other than their own folly. Their suffering and premature death is the natural result of their own false ways of life.

   We suggest that the large quantities of lard, butter, sugar, candies, common salt, spices, condiments, which are habitually and almost universally taken, most of which cannot be transformed into structure, are evident and alarming causes of disease. These occasion irritation of the digestive tract, inhibit the digestion of food and cause other troubles that could be avoided by simply leaving them out of our diet.

   The inordinate seeking after cultivated enjoyments, especially those that afford the senses unnatural or abnormal excitations, must, with great certainty, induce a state of organic weakness and cripple the functions of life. We have devised an almost infinite variety of means of affecting the manifestations of life, of increasing pleasure and pain, and thus have multiplied the causes of disease. Disease evolves because we overstep our limitations, because we enjoy beyond our power to recuperate. Our arrangements for civilized living are incongruous and are not subjected to reason.

   Our sensational life, particularly that part of it that affords us pleasure, is permitted to dominate our activities so that life is turned into a frantic search for excitements and thrills that waste our energies. We suffer many unnecessary pains and great weakness because of excessive indulgence in pleasures, many of them artificial. Youth is often thoughtless. The present is everything. To enjoy the present, they will borrow from the future at a most fearful rate. Then, when the inevitable pay-day arrives, they are often unwilling to believe that they have overdrawn upon the bank of life. It is folly to think that because you seem always to have plenty of energy, your supply is inexhaustible.

   In modern society, as Taylor said, men, in their hot pursuit of passion, are impelled headlong into all manner of improper actions (perhaps we should stress the excesses of action as well) and, of course, must pay for their follies by suffering their legitimate results. Ignorant and heedless of these causes of suffering and being taught that their suffering is due to foreign invasions (evil spirits, malevolent germs, malignant viruses), they accept any proffered therapeutic recourse, when ill, and continue the very course of action that is responsible for their functional impairment and toxemic saturation.

   Truly did Taylor say that "it is highly derogatory to man that he permits the preponderance of the lower functions to subject the whole being to their partial (or excessive) and perverted action. He forgets and forsakes the nobleness of nature he possesses in higher capacities. And still further does he mistake in attempting recovery by any system of treatment that omits the important necessity of 'learning to be wise.' Health to all such is but an accident, and its possessor cannot claim any merit in its possession."

   It is probably true, as Dr. Taylor thought, that the benefits and ills of life are more nearly balanced than the cursory observer thinks since, as he said, the capacity for either is co-extensive. But, also, as he pointed out, by knowledge and forethought, we can so order our pleasures that we avoid the ills of excess. Daily we dose ourselves with stimulants (tea, coffee, poisoned soft drinks) and narcotics (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs); we exhaust ourselves by debauchery; we turn our nights into days and carry our activities far into the night and when we have made ourselves sick by such abnormal practices, we permit physicians to convince us that our sufferings are due to germs and viruses and are to be remedied by further and added violations of the laws of life--by poisoning. We support a large army of respectable charlatans who batten off the sick and add to their mischief and misery by dosing them with virulent poisons.

   We destroy ourselves by our work. The "high pressure" principle upon which so many men and women work their brains and abuse their bodies induces an irritable state of the nervous system. The tight, deadly gripping struggle of competition, the whirl of business, the rivalries of trade, the controversies of theology, the strifes of politics, the interminable din of cities, the roar of buses and trucks, the honking of horns, the long hours of toil, the infelicities and discords of domestic life, the exigencies of the weather, the drag of habits that are destructive, all add up to an excessive tax upon the energies of life.

   To work is good, but self-destruction by labor is as wicked as any other mode of suicide. Care, trouble, anxiety, sorrow and irritation of mind exhaust the nervous power. We should resolutely set them aside, get out of them or escape from them. Avoid gloomy conversation and thoughts. Shun repulsive occupation and unpleasant society. Labor, or otherwise exercise, but always in some pleasant way, so as to produce moderate fatigue, but not exhaustion.

   Whether a habit is healthful or unhealthful must be decided in the light of true knowledge, rather than on isolated experience. "It doesn't hurt me," is the rejoinder most frequently made when someone is cautioned against the use of tobacco, alcohol or coffee. The alcoholic habitue says: "Whiskey (or beer) does not hurt me." The smoker says: "Tobacco does me no harm." The young lady who fills up day after day on mince pie and pickles, mustard and pepper sauce, rich pastry and confectionery, and indulges in the fashionable dinners, says, when remonstrated with about her reckless squandering of her health: "Oh, it's so charming and it doesn't hurt me."

   Is it not strange that these same people can often see that these same indulgences are harmful, even fatally injurious to others, but that they will not admit that there is any harm in their own case? The drinker sees every day of his life the wrecked bodies and shortened lives of drinkers--he may even call the other man a fool for getting drunk; the young lady observes many of her girl friends dropping one after another into premature graves or lingering on for years in hopeless invalidism, health, beauty and happiness sacrificed on the altar of perverted appetites--yet she still persists in claiming that commission of the very same follies does her no harm.

   One of the best lessons any of us can learn is that in all essential particulars we are but counterparts of every other member of the human family. We have the same organs and functions, the same basic needs and are subject to the same laws and injured by the same indulgences. If a certain harmful practice is injurious to others, by what rule of reason do we claim to be an exception? None of us ever claim to be exempt from the law of gravity--why shall we claim exemption from the operation of any other law of nature?

   The medical world, having created a host of specific diseases, searches for a specific cause for each of these and fails to recognize the many impairing influences in the life of the individual that collectively constitute cause. Results are never the issue of one cause. They are the issue of combined causes. This is to say, cause is made up of a number of correlated antecedents or factor-elements. One of these is pivotal; none of the others are negligible. Hence, full recovery of health depends upon correcting and removing all of the elements of cause.

   Instead of recognizing the impairment of structure and function as the basic pathologic state which should be corrected as a whole to the end that health may be restored, the various more or less distinct symptom-complexes that rest upon this pathologic substratum are regarded as themselves the primal deviation from the healthy standard and each one is to be cured separately by "specific" treatment. As a result of this loose thinking, the line between cause and effect is blurred or distorted for most people. Developments and events that are only symptomatic effects of the real, basic cause of the present widespread or systemic impairment and degeneration are viewed as major causes in themselves.

   The complexity of results depends to a great extent upon the relative unfitness of the mode of life of the individual. Montaigne speaks of the simplicity of the diseases which affected the peasantry of his neighborhood, of the few complaints from which they suffered compared with the greater variety of diseases, with learned names, with which the aristocracy were accustomed to suffer. This could only mean that the simple vices of the peasantry resulted in simple diseases while the grosser and more complicated vices of the aristocracy produced more complex diseases.

   There was considerable confusion among early Hygienists about how disease is caused. In his masterly work on Human Physiology, the Basis of Sanitary and Social Science, Dr. T. L. Nichols well defines the confusion and differences of views as to the cause of disease that existed among the Hygienists. He points out that there were those who regarded disease as the result of a diminution of the nervous power or vital force (Jennings and Gove), while another group held that the blood is life and the impurity in the blood is the cause of all disease action (Trall). Nichols himself, anticipating Tilden by several years, adds: "But good blood cannot be formed without sufficient vital or nervous power; and good blood is necessary to the healthy action of the brain and nervous system. Here is reciprocal action, each depending upon the other . . . Waste matter, retained in the human system is a materies morbis, and there are many kinds of blood poisoning."

   The results or effects of repeated violations of the laws of life are accumulative--the body's functioning energy is wasted, the organs of excretion overtaxed, the blood becomes saturated with accumulated waste (our predecessors called them "ingenerated poisons"), nutrition or metabolism is impaired--and a condition of the body is reached which necessitates the development of remedial action (a crisis) to throw off the accumulated toxic material. Violations of the laws of being are the last or ultimate analysis of all the causes and are, therefore, fundamental.

   Strangely enough, while men fear all kinds of fictional causes of disease, they appear to have no fear of the real causes. While the real causes of organic and functional impairment are operating to prepare the organism for or to necessitate disease action, they fancy themselves secure; but a little cool air frightens them out of their wits. They dread the crisis, which may be precipitated by an unusual meal, a slight exposure, etc., but fear not the causes that make the crisis inevitable.

   The sources from which great evils arise, like the sources of great rivers, are hardly noticeable. The sproutings of wrong living in human society, when compared with the accumulated wretchedness which results from it, seem as insignificant as the acorn in comparison to the great oak. The causes which operate to produce human suffering and human degeneracy are not often, in their inception and first stages, self-evidently injurious, but, on the contrary, are often insinuating and treacherous. The first effect may seem to be satisfactory and even agreeable. Especially is this true in the case of excesses in the normal things of life and in the case of narcotics and stimulants. When once these latter are indulged, there follows a soothing influence--a sensuous delight--which casts glamour over the judgment and makes the victim happy and contented. As one dope addict expressed it: "Dope makes everything wonderful at first. You are not afraid of anything; you think you can jump over a mountain or be like a Toscanini. But you can't."

   In elevating non-human standards and worshipping non-human images, we have violated the laws of our being and disregarded the oracle of our inner selves. We have compelled the being that is man to bow to standards that belong not to his high status, to submit to regulations and cultivate gross habits that not even the beasts of the field respect. We have spilled rivers of blood in support of the "divine right of kings," for "God and our country;" we have spilled oceans of animal blood that we might eat of their flesh; we have enslaved men and women and exploited them unmercifully; we have marred and scarred the face of the earth in the name of progress; we have departed from the simple, peaceful ways of nature and built a hell on earth.

   Let us not talk of iron chains, nor yet of physical starvation and thirst! What are these but faint types of starvation, the bitterness and the slavery that man creates for himself by his disobedience to the laws of nature? Words are all too weak to describe the suffering man inflicts upon himself. How often is a smile on the face employed to camouflage the canker that is gnawing at the heart!

   Why should a high degree of civilization uniformly produce an exaltation and exacerbation of every form of disease known to the primitive condition of man, while at the same time new ills whose name is legion come into being before us? Why is civilized life fruitful in ill health and the army of the diseased always in proportion to the army of physicians?

   What we are pleased to call the "progress of modern science" has been, in many ways, a health-destroying influence. Scientists have hitched their chariot to the will-o-the-wisp of industrialism instead of the pole-star of human well-being. Thus the control man has gained over nature has been perverted into means of destruction. Our engineers have turned out myriads of labor-saving devices and these have been made to supercede the use and development of the powers of the body and mind. Man is fast degenerating into a puny, undeveloped tender of machines. No longer does the performance of the common duties of life contribute to his development. The consequence is that his powers must languish; they also are exercised in unprofitable and illegitimate ways.

   While scientists maintain a steady stream of propaganda designed to convince the people that scientists are useful individuals and are performing useful functions, they continue to turn out in the form of nuclear bombs, virulent drugs and other agents of destruction, things that will ultimately spell the doom of mankind. Most of their productions are of a destructive character and one is not far wrong in saying that if mankind does not destroy its scientists, the scientists will destroy mankind.

   "It is impossible," wrote Dr. Taylor, "for people to know, with their present habits and prejudices, how much of their diseases are attributable directly to the use of drugs, sometimes as medicines, and often under the guise of aliment; and it cannot be too often or strongly impressed, that everything that is not strictly alimentary, and necessary to form and replace tissues, must tax, obstruct, excite, and wear unduly the delicate organs that are forced to transmit or otherwise dispose of it. How much of the physical lassitude and inefficiency, so much complained of, is owing to the immense and undue labor the body functions are compelled to do to sustain themselves under the burdens forced upon them! These causes are so insiduous that they elude often our ken--while the sufferer has no idea but that he is doing the bidding of the Highest. In diet, no test is brought to bear but that of perverted instincts--in medicine, that of present transient sensations-both equally illusory. Occasionally an aggravated case comes under our notice of disease manifestly caused by medicine, which serves as a marked illustration of our principles."

   However favorable the transient impulse apparently given the system by the introduction of irritating and noxious substances into the blood and other tissues, the body soon loses its "susceptibility" and ceases to respond to their presence. The tissues are literally worn out by the process and are too weak to act at all or can act but feebly. The result may be every nameable disease. Where the people are accustomed to taking much "medicine," there does chronic disease abound. Here, as elsewhere, there exists a relation of equality between cause and effects.

   It is to be feared that the buoyant, springing life of health which cheers one up with an ever sustaining zest in the midst of arduous effort is unknown to the tobacco user. He may have delicious dreams at times amid the intoxication of the weed, but he pays dearly for them in the evils we are numerating. The steady, even flow of joyful health cannot depend upon a hat full of cigars.

   Nature often withholds unheeded warnings, as when she ceases her violent protests against tobacco or alcohol and we are forced to seek for causes through several indirect sources. The ways in which people accustom themselves to the use of tobacco is one of the strongest proofs of its poisonous character. It is only by stealing upon, by a little by little process, and gradually debauching the powers of life that anyone can take it.


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Goulburn – The Early Days

The Sisters of Saint Joseph arrived in Goulburn on 13th August, 1882. The first five Sisters of Saint Joseph arrived in Goulburn by train from Bathurst. They were:

  • Sister M Evangelist Duggan  (Irish, aged 22 years) – the leader.
  • Sister M Ignatius OBrien (Australian born in Campbelltown NSW, aged 27 years)
  • Sister M Teresa Fallon (Irish, aged 21 years)
  • Sister M Patrick (Irish, aged 20 years)
  • Sister M Joseph Cahill (Irish, aged 18 years)

Upon arrival, the Sisters lived in a cottage in Lagoon Street which belonged to the Sheekey family. They lived there until 5th May, 1883 when the Convert was opened.

The Catholic Freemans Journal of 19th August, 1882 describes the arrival of the Sisters in Goulburn:

“On Saturday evening by the five oclock train five Sisters of Saint Joseph arrived from Bathurst. On reaching the cottage prepared for them at North Goulburn they were met by a number of Catholic ladies of that portion of the town who, during the day, were busy in putting the temporary Convent in order and preparing a dinner for the Sisters. They have met with a hearty caed mille failthe from the people of North Goulburn. who hailed with delight the advent of a religious community among them. The ground for the Convent being secured beside the new Church, tenders for the erection may be called for any day.”

Profiles of the founding Sisters (PDF)
Goulburn Congregational Leaders (PDF)

(Sources: Beginnings: Sisters of Saint Joseph of Goulburn, Anne V. Player rsj; and, Their Story, Sisters of St. Joseph North Goulburn NSW)

Sisters featured in Goulburn Leadership Timeline Banner

Sr Evangelist Duggan 1882-1892
Sr Augustine Doyle 1899-1903; 1911-1914; 1932-1935
Sr Benedict Seymour 1905-1911; 1914-1920; 1923-1932; 1935-1947
Sr Bernard Corbett 1920-1923
Sr Magdalene O’Mara 1947-1954
Sr Vianney O’Mara 1951-1963
Sr Tarcisius Saunders 1963-1978
Sr Berchmans Collins 1975-1981
Sr Celsus O’Grady 1981-1987
Sr Jean Adams 1987-1993
Sr Mary O’Dea 1993-1999
Sr Kerrie Cusack 2000-2005
Sr Noelene Quinane 2006
Sr Kerrie Cusack 2011-2015

Sisters not featured in Goulburn Leadership Timeline Banner as photo unavailable

Sr Joseph Cahill 1982-1896
Sr Patrick Murphy 1896-1897
Sr Clare Gorman 1897-1899

Page last updated May 2017


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Set mostly after the events in 2017's Justice League, Aquaman takes us back to the origin of reluctant amphibian hero Arthur Curry (Jason Momoa), and then to the present for a grand new adventure. We are introduced to men who would be king (including an angry challenger to the throne) and a hidden realm far beyond our own evolution. To keep things interesting, there's a high-tech pirate on our hero's tail, and a fellow Atlantean (Amber Heard) at his side who sports a shock of crimson hair worthy of The Little Mermaid. (Actually, there are a lot of pretty awful wigs in this movie.) It's a testament to Aquaman's brisk pacing and nigh-overwhelming spectacle that I didn't realize how derivative the story is of so many a comic book opus before it—most obviously Black Panther—until the end credits.

419aqua.boxWarner's Ultra HD disc is dazzling demo material from start to finish. The scenes of Atlantis are the product of pure, unbridled imagination, like a fantasy painting brought to life and teeming with nuances that demand to be viewed on the biggest available screen. (A 3D version is also available and it's probably a jaw-dropper.) The aspect ratio shifts between 2.4:1 and an IMAX-friendly 16:9. Dolby Vision high dynamic range does wonders fleshing out tiny specks of light in the darkness of submerged cityscapes, as if we, too, have been given Arthur's Aqua-vision. The transfer's excellent use of wide color gamut also helps bring out fine points like the range of pink hues in Nicole Kidman's complexion, and the romantic hues of a sunrise.

The disc's Dolby Atmos soundtrack is likewise a winner. Wild, action-filled set-pieces are plentiful, with frequent off-screen cues, dynamic movement across the soundstage, and generous use of bass. The underwater sound design is like nothing I've ever heard: a trippy yet convincing blend of atmospheric gurgle and phase-y voices. Atmos overhead activity is bounteous as well, with the air-breathers' world serving up serious weather and the occasional flock of seagulls.

Bonus content is located on the included regular Blu-ray disc and includes a multitude of featurettes, some offering genuine insight. A 4K Movies Anywhere digital copy with the same extras is also provided.

STUDIO: Warner, 2018
ASPECT RATIO: 2.40:1/1.78:1
HDR FORMAT: Dolby Vision
AUDIO FORMAT: Dolby Atmos with TrueHD 7.1 core
LENGTH: 143 mins.
STARRING: Jason Momoa, Amber Heard, Willem Dafoe, Patrick Wilson, Nicole Kidman, Yahya Abdul-Mateen

jnemesh's picture

Just ask Johnny Depp! (I will see myself out now...)


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Mustache March 2018

Every March my good friend Wade throws a mustache party/contest event in order to raise $ for a cancer patient in need.

We are on year 7 and all of this years proceeds will help out 35 year old Mindy Nikiforuk of Sonora CA. Mindy has been battling breast cancer that has moved into her lungs, liver and bones.

If you would like to help, or join in on the contest start growing a mustache and buy a shirt. They come in 3 different colors for the men. (Dark blue, dark gray, and black) women’s tanks in black, and women’s T’s in dark gray. $25 plus shipping. PayPal works. Just get me your information and I’ll contact Wade.

The event itself is March 30th in Twain Harte CA at the Eprosen House at 9pm. Music will be provided by DJ Von Scheller from Sound Extreme. Photos and model from Jennifer Rapoza Photography.
The party will have a contest for best overall mustache, best grown since March 1st, and most pathetic attempt. Raffle tickets will be sold, as well as a silent auction that has some really great items, such as Hotel stays in historical Murphy’s CA, dinners, and an airplane ride for 2 around beautiful Yosemite. Plus much much more. Help us get the word out, and help Mindy!

Visit GoFundME Page

Event Page

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El Niño arrives; expected to persist through the winter

Publish date:

NOAA scientists announced the arrival of El Niño, a climate phenomenon with a significant influence on global weather, ocean conditions and marine fisheries. El Niño, the periodic warming of central and eastern tropical Pacific waters, occurs every two to five years and typically lasts about 12 months.

NOAA expects this El Niño to continue developing during the next several months, with further strengthening possible. The event is expected to last through this winter.

“Advanced climate science allows us to alert industries, governments and emergency managers about the weather conditions El Niño may bring so these can be factored into decision-making and ultimately protect life, property and the economy,” said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator.

El Niño’s impacts depend on a variety of factors, such as intensity and extent of ocean warming, and the time of year. Contrary to popular belief, not all effects are negative. On the positive side, El Niño can help to suppress Atlantic hurricane activity. In the United States, it typically brings beneficial winter precipitation to the arid Southwest, less wintry weather across the North, and a reduced risk of Florida wildfires.

El Niño’s negative impacts have included damaging winter storms in California and increased storms across the southern United States. Some past El Niños have also produced severe flooding and mudslides in Central and South America, and drought in Indonesia.

An El Niño event may significantly diminish ocean productivity off the West Coast by limiting weather patterns that cause upwelling, or nutrient circulation in the ocean. These nutrients are the foundation of a vibrant marine food web and could negatively impact food sources for several types of birds, fish and marine mammals.

In its monthly El Niño diagnostics discussion today, scientists with the NOAA National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center noted weekly eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures were at least 1 degree C above average at the end of June. The most recent El Niño occurred in 2006.

El Niño includes weaker trade winds, increased rainfall over the central tropical Pacific, and decreased rainfall in Indonesia. These vast rainfall patterns in the tropics are responsible for many of El Niño’s global effects on weather patterns.

Click here for NOAA’s online El Niño site.


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New Zealand Trade and Enterprise in South Africa

With offices located in Parkhurst, Johannesburg, the New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) promotes the interests of New Zealand based companies in South Africa through the establishment and maintenance of mutually beneficial trading partnerships. Focusing on market sectors and industries which have long-term sustainability, the NZTE seeks to improve the country’s business environment by assisting local businesses to reach markets outside of New Zealand's domestic market, and this is where the role of the NZTE office in South Africa plays a crucial role.

New Zealand Trade and Enterprise provides a wide range of services and programs to assist businesses right at the outset. These services include market research, networking, and partnering, as well as training and funding assistance. The NTZE provides New Zealand companies with information regarding South Africa, while at the same time providing information on New Zealand to South Africans exploring the possibilities of entering into a trading relationship. With the world becoming more of a global village each day, countries are becoming more interdependent in an effort to keep their economies healthy, and adapting to these changes, the NZTE in Johannesburg successfully facilitates trade between South Africa and New Zealand.


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Easter recycling and waste collections

Find out more....

Changing Huts

There are around 35 small fibreglass changing huts located along Chalkwell Esplanade.

The changing huts are for seasonal use only and are licensed out from 1st May to 30th September each year.

The current seasonal charge for a changing hut is £285 including VAT.

A new licence is granted each year, which is usually issued in March.

How to apply for a changing hut

  • We firstly offer existing licensees a further licence for the forthcoming year
  • But if there are any available changing huts, we keep a waiting list
  • Those on the waiting list will be told that there is a changing hut available once they are at the top of the list

If you want to join the waiting list or want to find out more please contact the Visitor Information Centre on 01702 215620.

Page last updated: 01/04/2019


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Family: Asteraceae
type : Annuals, Perennials
sun exposure : Full Sun
water : Moderate Water
Plant Details

Annual forms of Centaurea are grown mainly for cut flowers; perennial kinds are valued principally for their soft, silvery foliage. All are relatively easy to grow. For best performance, add lime to acid soils. In most cases, plan to sow seeds of annuals or set out plants of perennial kinds in spring (or in fall, in mild-winter areas).

basket flower

centaurea americana

  • Annual.
  • Zones US, MS, LS, CS, TS; USDA 6-11.
  • Native to central and southwestern U.S. Grows to 56 feet high, 3 feet wide, with rather rough, oval leaves to 4 inches long.
  • Blooms in summer; flower heads to 4 inches wide are rose-pink, paler toward center.
  • Good in arrangements, fresh or dried.

bachelor's button, cornflower

centaurea cineraria(Centaurea gymnocarpa)

  • Perennial in Zones LS, CS, TS; USDA 8-11; annual anywhere.
  • (This common name applies to many plants with whitish to silvery white foliage.) From Italy.
  • Compact plant grows to 1 feet wide, 1 feet or taller.
  • Velvety white, 3- to 6 inches leaves, mostly in basal clump, are strap shaped, with broad, roundish lobes.
  • Solitary 1 inches flower heads (purple, occasionally yellow) in summer.
  • Trim back after flowering.
  • Attracts bees.
  • Not browsed by deer.

centaurea cyanus

  • Annual.
  • Zones US, MS, LS, CS, TS; USDA 6-11.
  • Native to northern temperate regions.
  • Grows 1212 feet tall and less than a foot wide; will send out branches if given sufficient space.
  • Narrow, gray-green leaves are 23 inches long; spring to midsummer flowers are 1112 inches wide, in blue, pink, rose, wine-red, white.
  • Blue forms are traditional favorites for boutonnieres.
  • Bushy, compact 'Jubilee Gem' reaches just 1 feet high, has deep blue blooms; Polka Dot strain has all the typical cornflower colors on 16 inches plants.
  • Black Ball has dark crimson double flowers on 1- to 2 feet stems.
  • Sow seed in late summer or fall.

persian cornflower

centaurea dealbata

  • Perennial.
  • Zones US, MS, LS; USDA 6-8.
  • Native to the Caucasus.
  • Forms an upright, bushy clump 23 feet tall and about as wide.
  • Deeply cut leaves to 8 inches long are deep green above, silvery beneath.
  • In midsummer, leafy stems bear thistlelike pink blossoms to 112 inches across; they make long-lasting cut flowers.
  • May require staking, especially if grown in rich soil.
  • Steenbergii is a compact selection just 12 feet tall, with 2 inches blooms in rich carmine-pink.

globe centaurea

centaurea hypoleuca 'John Coutts

  • Perennial.
  • Zones US, MS, LS; USDA 6-8.
  • Variety of a species from Asia Minor.
  • Looks something like Centaurea montana but has more deeply lobed leaves and deep rose flower heads.
  • Sometimes offered as a selection of Centaurea dealbata.

centaurea macrocephala

  • Perennial.
  • Zones US, MS, LS; USDA 6-8.
  • From the Caucasus.
  • Leafy plant with coarse leaves 68 inches long; reaches 34 feet tall, 2 feet wide, with 2 inches clusters of yellow summer flowers tightly enclosed at the base by overlapping papery, shiny brown bracts.
  • Flower heads resemble thistles.
  • Use in fresh or dried arrangements.

mountain bluet

centaurea montana

  • Perennial.
  • Zones US, MS, LS; USDA 6-8.
  • Native to the mountains of central Europe.
  • Forms clumps to 112 feet tall and wide, with grayish green, broadly lance-shaped, 5- to 7 inches-long leaves.
  • Flowers resembling ragged, 3 inches blue cornflowers top the stems in late spring to midsummer.
  • Divide every other year.
  • This is a cool-season plant and is less vigorous in warmer climates.
  • Regular water.
  • Alba has white blooms.
  • Amethyst Dream has deep purple flowers.
  • The two-toned 'Amethyst in Snow' sports white blooms with a deep purple center.
  • Black Spider has purplish-black flowers, with the outermost petals elongated and incurving.

sweet sultan

centaurea moschata

  • Annual.
  • Zones US, MS, LS, CS, TS; USDA 6-11.
  • From Asia Minor.
  • Erect plant, branching at base; grows to 2 feet tall, 10 inches wide.
  • Imperialis strain reaches 3 feet high.
  • Deeply toothed green leaves to 4 inches long.
  • Thistlelike, 2 inches flower heads with a musky fragrance bloom from spring to fallmostly in shades of lilac through rose, but sometimes in white or yellow.
  • Splendid cut flower.
  • Sow seed directly on soil in spring or set out as transplants.
  • Needs lots of heat.

Search by Plant Name


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£15.22 £25.98
  • The Richmond tinted distance glasses are full frame myopia spectacles with black frames. The tinted lenses are polarised, giving added protection in conditions of glare
  • Dimensions: frame width 13.5cm (5.4in); arms 14.0cm (5.7in); lenses 5.4x4.0cm (2.2x1.6in)
  • **Please kindly note these are not reading glasses** They are near sighted distance glasses
  • Acetate lenses and PVC frame


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Lorraine Angela Ruffing, 97
OBIT - Ruffing original
Mrs. Lorraine Angela Ruffing, 97, of McMinnville died Saturday, Sept. 1, at NHC HealthCare in McMinnville. She was born Sept. 18, 1920, in Munising, Mich., was a senior cashier at Stewart’s Pharmacy where she worked for 42 years, and was a member of St. Catherine’s Catholic Church. Mrs. Ruffing was preceded in death by her parents Lucien Joseph and Emma LaDuke VanDorne, first husband Joseph Arthur DeNoyer, second husband Harold C. Ruffing, daughter Connie Palmer, granddaughter Michelle Blake, and 10 siblings.Survivors include her son Dennis (Maureen) DeNoyer of McMinnville, daughter Marie Saunders of Plymouth, Mich., grandchildren Patricia (Jimmy) Applegate, Tammy (Kevin) Caldwell, Darrell DeNoyer, Marcell Spohn (William) Wright, Diana Marie (David) Mansour-Cole, great-grandchildren Kate Caldwell, Chloe Caldwell, Kristy Applegate, Kizzie DeNoyer, Mercadeez DeNoyer, Lawanna Holt, Cody Jame (Cameo Marie) Spohn, Calin Joseph Spohn, Clint Joshua Spohn, Caitlin Briana Spohn, Camille Brenna Spohn, Leyla Mellissa (Paul) Mansour-Cole, Jasmine Nadine (Jack) Fransen, Nadia Jane Mansour-Fries, Jamil Tahir (Diane) Mansour, Meyessa Marie (Ben) Ackland, and Hyder Jamil Mansour, great-great-grandchildren Dylan Holt, Alaina Karina Spohn, Sophie Marie Spohn, Derek James Spohn, Keagan Alexander Spohn, and Evan William Fries, and special family friend Roxie St. John.

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Fifth District Assesses Methodology Used to Calculate PIP Benefits to Florida Insured

Personal Injury Protection benefits are available to those who’ve suffered physical injuries in a Florida auto accident. Before PIP is distributed, Florida statutes require the deductible to be subtracted from the total medical care bill before the statutory reimbursement limitations are provided. In a recent district court of appeal decision, an auto insurer attempted to persuade the courts otherwise. In its appeal from the trial court’s calculation, the auto insurer argued the statutory limitations are applied before the deductible is subtracted from that amount.

In the underlying lawsuit, the injured party accumulated several bills for health care from one particular hospital after an auto accident. The total exceeded the $1,000 deductible in his insurance policy. Following the normal course of action, the injured man assigned his PIP benefits to the hospital.  The original hospital charge was $2,781. To calculate PIP, the hospital subtracted the deductible and multiplied the difference by 75%, as required by subsection 1.b, which was then multiplied by 80%, leaving a total of $1,068 due. The auto insurer provided payment but applied the 75% before subtracting the deductible. That amount was then multiplied by 80%, which led to an amount of $868.60 due. This was the amount provided to the hospital.

The hospital sued for the difference, arguing this was part of the PIP benefit the insurer owed it. The auto insurer denied liability for the amount and provided affirmative defenses. Both the provider and the insurer filed for summary judgment. The trial court entered summary judgment in favor of the hospital, adopting the calculation method applied by the hospital. The insurer disagreed, initiating the certiorari process.

The Fifth District Court of Appeal first noted they were limited to the question of whether or not the trial court applied the correct law to calculate the PIP benefit. Relief is only available if there was a violation of an established principle of law that led to a miscarriage of justice. The appellate court also noted they are required to liberally construe the statutory language in favor of Florida motorists receiving PIP coverage. The court of appeal strongly felt the plain language of section 627.739 requires 100 percent of the expenses and losses first. The injured person is then entitled to receive up to $10,000 in total benefits.

The insurer’s argument hinged on the expenses and losses language in the statute. The auto insurer asserted the reimbursement limitations within subsection (5)(a)1.b. should be applied first to reduce the expenses and losses before subtracting the deductible. The court of appeal disagreed, finding that methodology falls short of the statutory requirement of 100% of the expenses and losses. To ensure this is what the state legislators intended, the court reviewed the legislative history. The court acknowledged the prior version reflected the insurer’s methodology for calculating PIP benefits. However, the court concluded the legislators’ efforts to amend the statute in 2003 to the current version were not done emptily. The insurer’s attempt to change the calculation was ultimately unsuccessful. The appellate court denied the Writ of Certiorari, upholding the lower court’s application of section 627.739(2) of the Florida statutes.

After an accident, all parties responsible for payment look to minimize the amount of money paid. Personal Injury Protection was enacted to ensure financial stability for all parties involved in an accident. The Florida car accident attorneys at Donaldson & Weston can help you pursue the full benefits of your auto insurance policy alongside any damages you deserve. Call today for a free, confidential consultation at 772-266-5555 or 561-299-3999.

More Blog Posts:

Florida District Appellate Court Reviews Future Medical Expenses in Multi-Car Accident Case, Florida Injury Lawyer Blog, November 28, 2016

Federal Circuit Court of Appeal Declines to Find Equitable Tolling in Slip and Fall Case, Florida Injury Lawyer Blog, October 21, 2016

Florida Court of Appeal Allows Injured Motorist to Pursue Additional PIP Payments to Medical Providers, Florida Injury Lawyer Blog, May 18, 2017

10 Best 2015
The American Trial Lawyers Association
Florida Justice Association
The National Trial Lawyers
Super Lawyers


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• Korean Pop Music Tees

    0 comments / Posted on by Tammie McClure

    I have a friend who is seriously into K-Pop music, or Korean Pop music which are boy bands and girl bands from South Korea. I have little knowledge of them myself, but my friend Tim is very into these groups and had a very hard time finding US size t-shirts for the bands.

    He came to me about finding a line of these tees and helped me with product descriptions since I have absolutely no clue myself about these groups. I don’t even care for American pop music, I’m more of a rocker girl than pop so I needed Tim’s help with this line of products.

    He says that he has a ton of friends who are into KPOP music so we set up a whole category for these boy and girl bands. They do have fun logos though! Even if you aren’t even into their music the logos themselves are interesting and very creative. So I had a lot of fun getting these tees set up on the site just based on the graphics.

    So check them out, and if they are groups you are into, the sizes range from U.S. small to 5x!

    Oh, and yeah, Tim’s already bought some of them and is very happy with his purchases!

    Read more

  • Growing South of Memphis in 2018

    0 comments / Posted on by Tammie McClure

    South of Memphis used to be a side gig but as of January 15, 2018 it will be my main job and my old job as graphic artist and marketing manager for a national flag company is now my part time gig. We found a great lady (Hi, Liz!) to take my place 4 days a week and I’ll be in the office every Tuesday there and work from my South of Memphis office the rest of the time, so I can focus more on growing the business.

    Funny how things turn out but my boss, Kerry McCoy, a woman who built her business with just $400 more than 40 years ago, is very proactive and supportive of her employee’s striking out on their own and following their dreams. She’s more than my boss, she is a mentor and a friend.

    You don’t find many business owners like Kerry, you can check out more about her at click on the Radio Show button and see how she helps other entrepreneur’s share their stories or visit her blog She truly wants to help people grow and share their success with others.

    As for me, I am focusing this year on growing South of Memphis to carry more than just t-shirts, I’ve been adding some rather interesting products to the site for my fellow nerds, geeks, wonks and super fans. My collection of video game tees has grown by leaps and bounds this last month for example plus many new movie and tv show tees from new licensing agreements.

    I will also be working on new exclusive designs, plus sourcing out interesting and different products to give the person who has everything something they don’t have!

    So, here is to the new year and I look forward to sharing the journey with you this year.

    Everyone who has ever bought anything from South of Memphis, here or on my Etsy or Bonanza shops, thank you! You are empowering small businesses (and a fellow person’s dream) when you shop stores like South of Memphis rather than the big dogs like Walmart, Target, Hot Topic and Amazon.

    Read more

  • Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Premier is May 4th

    0 comments / Posted on by Tammie McClure

    If you are anything like me you are eagerly awaiting the release of Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. When I saw the first GOTG I wasn't sure about it. I went into it a little skeptical because it wasn't one of the comics I was familiar with and the "talking raccoon" threw me in the previews. My husband, who had read the comics assured me it wasn't as incredibly weird as I thought it was going to be.

    So I sat down with my popcorn and coke, next to the hubby and the first minutes of the film was...not impressing me much to say the least. And the "UP" style sad ass beginning didn't help. Hard to eat popcorn when you want to cry for the kid. But I squirmed a little and after a few more minutes I found myself being carried away with the story and by the end I was in love with the odd mix of "heroes."
    Cute Baby Groot T-Shirt

    Baby Groot at the end of course...well that was just the cutest damn thing ever. You cannot keep from smiling when you see him dancing in his little flower pot. I mean come on, you have no soul if that didn't make you want to grin at the very least.

    So I've been looking forward to this new film and it seems so are my customers! My top seller is the Cute Baby Groot tee that I added in January to the site and to my Etsy store. He is sort of exaggerated like a bobble head or a Funko Pop doll with big Anime eyes. Go take a look...and buy him! Come on, look at those eyes! You gotta have him!

    The offical storyline that the movie company published for the new film simply says:

    "The team struggles to keep its newfound family together as it tires to unravel the mystery of Peter Quill's true parentage in the outer reaches of the galaxy."

    So that will be a fun theme to follow in the film plus there is to be a nod in the soundtrack to Star Wars as well...with David Hasselhoff? Er...okay? Curious.

    Read more

  • Been a While

    0 comments / Posted on by Tammie McClure

    I just realized that I haven't posted on my blog since October...not that anyone else noticed either. (I swear there is an echo.)

    But I thought I should probably post something. We have some new products coming soon to the site. A lot of Harry Potter licensed tees along with several other new licensed and/or exclusive South of Memphis designs.

    One thing you may have noticed is that we no longer offer certain styles of t-shirts we used to offer. The reason was because our supplier couldn't keep them in stock, didn't update inventory with us easily and started charging an exhorbant fee per month even if all you sold of their products was 1 a month. It cost you more than the cost of 5 shirts just to sell the 1 shirt and that just wasn't worth sticking with them. I loved their designs and color choices but I just can't justify the costs.

    So, we have a few hundred less tees on the site now but we still offer quite a few products that I think customers will enjoy.

    Read more

  • Economic slow down before election day

    0 comments / Posted on by Tammie McClure

    It should surprise me but I've become accustomed to the economic slow down shortly before Presidential election day. In several of my jobs over the years in retail especially I've noticed how the economy slows in the last weeks before election day and for a few weeks after. It becomes a time of uncertainty for buyers though should it be? It isn't as if the new President even takes office until January after all.

    It isn't a revolution it is just basically a changing of the guard. Well, maybe this year could be revolutionary depending on who wins either way it will be different for America. The first female President in history or the first non-poliitician to win the Presidency in even my parents lifetimes. Either way, this doesn't mean the economy or life should stop and hold its breath. America will continue as always no matter who wins. So why the sudden slow down? Human nature I suppose. We all fear change even minor ones to some degree.

    I talk about this because I am not only owner of South of Memphis but also work with a couple of other businesses and also have friends who are business owners. We have all experienced a slow down this month in orders and new projects if we mostly sell within the US. Now the business my husband works for has a global sales presence and it is overwhelmed with orders at the moment but not as many domestic as foreign. So they are doing great and that tells me that the U.S. election cycle is what is truly affecting the downturn in the smaller and local businesses I know.

    Hopefully with the Christmas season coming up this will change in November but October is looking to be a slim month for many small US businesses.

    Just keep plugging at it though, it'll swing back around. It always does.

    Read more


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Deadpool Mask Scribble Art T-shirt

TS Factory

Many in stock

Adult Unisex

TS Factory

This unique scribble art design of a Deadpool Mask is very interesting and artistic yet still brings across the unstable personality of the character.

Printed in USA on a 100% preshrunk cotton tee.

Licensed by TTSF.

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We currently only ship to U.S. street addresses. Please do not provide P.O.Boxes always give us a real street address if at all possible.

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Expert Voices: Reactions to NASA's Private Space Taxi Picks

Commercial Crew Selection
NASA has chosen SpaceX and Boeing to continue under their Commercial Crew Program.
(Image: © NASA)

NASA astronauts should be able to hitch a ride to space aboard space taxis built by private two companies in the next three years, and reactions are strong.

Officials with the space agency announced Tuesday (Sept. 16) that the commercial spaceflight companies Boeing and SpaceX have been awarded $4.2 billion and $2.6 billion respectively to fly crewed missions to the International Space Station by 2017. The commercial crew contracts are designed to end NASA's reliance on Russia's Soyuz space capsules to deliver crewmembers to the station, and return crewed launches to the United States.

Scroll down to see how experts in spaceflight and government are reacting to the big NASA news:

Elon Musk, Founder and CEO of SpaceX

SpaceX's Dragon Version 2 spacecraft is a manned space capsule designed to fly seven astronauts to and from low-Earth orbit. See how SpaceX's Dragon V2 spacecraft works in this infographic.
(Image: © by Karl Tate, Infographics Artist)

SpaceX is deeply honored by the trust NASA has placed in us. We welcome today’s decision and the mission it advances with gratitude and seriousness of purpose. It is a vital step in a journey that will ultimately take us to the stars and make humanity a multi-planet species. [See images of SpaceX's manned Dragon capsule]

John Elbon, Boeing VP and general manager, Space Exploration

Boeing has been part of every American human space flight program, and we’re honored that NASA has chosen us to continue that legacy. The CST-100 offers NASA the most cost-effective, safe and innovative solution to U.S.-based access to low-Earth orbit. [See images of Boeing's CST-100 capsule to transport astronauts to the space station]

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden (partial statement)

Today, with the selection of Boeing and SpaceX to be the first American companies to launch our astronauts to the International Space Station, NASA has set the stage for what promises to be the most ambitious and exciting chapter in the history of human space flight.

From day one, the Obama Administration has made it clear that the greatest nation on Earth should not be dependent on other nations to get into space. Thanks to the leadership of President Obama and the hard work of our NASA and industry teams, today we are one step closer to launching our astronauts from U.S. soil on American spacecraft and ending the nation’s sole reliance on Russia by 2017. Turning over low-Earth orbit transportation to private industry also will allow NASA to focus on an even more ambitious mission – sending humans to Mars.

(Read the full statement here:

Commercial Spaceflight Federation President Michael Lopez-Alegria

Boeing is developing the CST-100 capsule for use ferrying astronauts to Earth orbit and to the International Space Station. See how Boeing's CST-100 spacecraft works in this infographic.
(Image: © Karl Tate, Contributor)

With this award, we are one major step closer to restoring our nation’s ability to launch U.S. astronauts to the ISS from American soil. NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is developing safe, reliable transportation to low-Earth orbit through the use of innovative contracting mechanisms. NASA’s selection of two companies demonstrates its prudent commitment to both competition and operational redundancy. With these commercial companies developing transportation for astronauts to and from LEO, NASA can focus more of its resources on deep space exploration.

Commercial Spaceflight Federation Chairman Frank DiBello

The Commercial Crew Program is the quickest and most cost-effective way to get our astronauts flying again in U.S. vehicles. However, the beauty of the commercial space industry is in its diversity. While these companies work to restore crewed LEO transportation capabilities, other companies are working to grow those and other markets in space. CSF congratulates NASA on the awards and we look forward to supporting the next steps in the new space era.

House Science, Space, and Technology Committee Chairman Lamar Smith (R-Texas)

I congratulate Boeing and SpaceX on their achievements in the Commercial Crew Program. Both companies and the thousands of people they employ have a crucial task before them as they work to further U.S. space exploration. They also have a responsibility to the U.S. taxpayers who are making considerable contributions to the development of these commercial space capabilities. “As Chairman of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee, I look forward to the time when we once again launch American astronauts on American rockets from American soil. The days of paying Russians $70 million per astronaut for access to the International Space Station must come to an end as soon as possible. I look forward to working with these companies and NASA, to end our reliance on foreign carriers by ensuring safe, reliable, timely, and cost effective transportation to the International Space Station. This is a good day for our nation's space program and for all Americans.

House Science, Space & Technology Committee Ranking Member Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)

I want to congratulate Boeing and SpaceX on receiving these awards. With the Shuttle fleet retired, NASA has focused its human space flight priorities on the effective use of the ISS; the development of a beyond low Earth orbit exploration capability using the System Launch System and Orion crew capsule; and public/private partnerships that, if successful, will eventually allow NASA to buy services — not vehicles — to transport its astronauts to the ISS. I am encouraged by today’s announcement as it will allow NASA, Boeing, and SpaceX to complete development, testing and certification of the needed capability. That capability must be proven safe according to NASA requirements and it must be cost-effective given the significant investment taxpayers are being asked to make. These partnerships are important and I look forward to monitoring their development because we need safe and reliable crew transport to allow the full and productive utilization of the ISS. I commend NASA, its employees, and supporting contractors on reaching this important milestone, and I urge the agency to heed the thrust of the House-passed NASA Authorization Act by keeping safety as the highest priority in executing this contract and in implementing future Commercial Crew Program endeavors.

House Space Subcommittee Ranking Member Donna F. Edwards (D-MD)

I offer my congratulations to Boeing and SpaceX and wish them success in carrying out this phase of the Commercial Crew Program. Through its thirty years of service, the Space Shuttle has enabled NASA to launch and refurbish the Hubble Space Telescope as well as build and resupply the ISS. After the flight of STS-135 in July 2011, the Space Shuttle fleet was formally retired. My hope is that NASA’s announcement means America will resume our role of transporting astronauts to the ISS in a safe and reliable manner. This will enable NASA to focus on human exploration beyond low Earth orbit and to work toward achieving the long-term goal of a human mission to Mars. We must continue to dedicate ourselves to our Nation’s space program. The next generation of Americans is counting on us.

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Stormy Weather Thwarts Space Shuttle Launch

Stormy Weather Thwarts Space Shuttle Launch
Lightning over NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A competes with the xenon lights on the pad illuminating space shuttle Discovery waiting for a scheduled liftoff on the STS-128 mission on Aug. 25, 2009. Launch was scrubbed due to the weather conditions that violated the limitations for liftoff.
(Image: © NASA/Justin Derneire/EPA)

Thisstory was updated at 2:00 a.m. EDT.

CAPECANAVERAL, Fla. - Lightning and thunderstorms thwarted NASA?s attempt to launchthe space shuttle Discovery early Tuesday, forcing its seven-astronaut crew towait at least one more day before leaving the planet.

Discoverywas slated to blast off from a seaside launch pad here at NASA?s Kennedy SpaceCenter at 1:36 a.m. EDT (0536 GMT) Tuesday with forecasts predicting an 80percent chance of goodlaunch weather. But that near pristine forecast crumbled away late Mondayas lightning, rain showers and thick clouds unexpectedly cropped up to preventthe launch.

Lightningstruck near the launch pad several times, at times within 5 miles (8 km), whileDiscovery?sseven astronauts were strapped into their seats hoping for liftoff. Cameraviews showed rain pouring down on the launch pad during the countdown. Theweather did improve closer to launch time, but it was not enough to clearDiscovery for liftoff, mission managers said.

?Thevehicle and operations were cooperating, but unfortunately the local weatherdid not,? NASA launch director Pete Nickolenko told Discovery?s crew. ?We?llhave to scrub for today and just try again tomorrow.?

?We copy,?Discovery?s commander Rick Sturckow radioed back. ?As soon as the weather willbe ready to cooperate, we?ll be ready to go.?

Discoveryis now slated to launch no earlier than Wednesday at 1:10 a.m. EDT (0510 GMT).

The chiefweather concerns for Discovery?s launch attempt Tuesday were rain and thickclouds near the launch pad, as well as lightning and thunderstorms too close toa nearby runway that is reserved in case the shuttle suffers an emergencyduring liftoff, said Lt. Col. Patrick Barrett of the Air Force?s 45th WeatherSquadron.

Barretttold that there is a 70 percent chance of good weather for Discovery?snext launch opportunity on Wednesday.

Stormyweather, and lightning in particular, has been a thorn in NASA?s side forshuttle launches of late. The July launch of shuttle Endeavour was delayedfive times due to lightning and foul weather. Lightning also slowedDiscovery?s trek to the launch pad earlier this month.

NASA hasuntil Aug. 30 to launch the shuttle before standing down due to restrictions onthe launch range it shares with the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.NASA wants to launch Discovery by the end of August to avoid a traffic conflictwith an unmanned Japanese cargo ship also due at the space station this month.If the mission is unable to launch by then, NASA can try again on Oct. 17.

Discovery?smission is slated to fly to the International Space Station to delivernearly 8 tons of cargo, including new science gear and a treadmill named after comedianStephen Colbert. The 13-day mission will also ferry astronautNicole Stott to the station to replace NASA astronaut Tim Kopra, who has livedaboard the orbiting lab since mid-July.

Set tolaunch aboard Discovery with Sturckow and Stott are STS-128 missionspecialists Patrick Forrester, Jose Hernandez, Danny Olivas and Swedishastronaut Christer Fuglesang. Fuglesang represents the European Space Agency,while the rest are NASA astronauts. Three spacewalks were planned for theirmission.

Stott isset to begin a three-month mission to the space station as a flight engineer onthe outpost?s six-person Expedition 20 crew. She will join two Russians,another American and astronauts from Belgium and Canada on what is thestation?s first full-sized crew.

IfDiscovery is unable to launch Wednesday, the next opportunity is Thursday at12:52 a.m. EDT (0452 GMT).

  • New Video - Discovery's Mission to Boost Station Science
  • New Video - Building the International Space Station
  • Video - How Astronauts Work Out in Space

SPACE.comis providing complete coverage of Discovery's STS-128 mission to the InternationalSpace Station with Managing Editor Tariq Malik in Cape Canaveral, Fla. Click here for shuttle missionupdates and a link to NASA TV.

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Rugged, Scarred Terrain Seen in New Mars Images

Rugged, Scarred Terrain Seen in New Mars Images
Mars Express flew over the boundary between Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae and imaged the region, acquiring spectacular views of the chaotic terrain in the area. The images are centred at 12°N/ 285°E and have a ground resolution of about 69 feet (21 m) per pixel.
(Image: © ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum))

A huge crater and other features of a chaotic Martianterrain can be seen in new images of the red planet.

The images, obtained by the High Resolution Stereo Camera(HRSC) on the European Space Agency's MarsExpress orbiter, span the boundary between Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae,an area about the size of Manhattan.

The upper portion of the image swath shows the easternmargin of KaseiValles and the western margin of the Lunae Planum plateau and the adjoiningSacra Fossae. Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars,spanning about 1,900 miles (3,000 km), from the Chryse Planitia basin in the northto Echus Chasma to the south.

Sacra Fossae is a fault system that extends for more than 600miles (1,000 km). It is several hundred yards deep and separates Kasei Vallesto the south and west from Lunae Planum. It was named after Isola Sacra, anisland at the estuary of the river Tiber in Italy.

The images show an old 22 mile-diameter (35 km) impactcrater in the north. The crater?s south-western rim is eroded strongly. Theerosion was caused mostly by flowing water. The source of the water was locatedin Echus Chasma, which lies roughly 530 miles (850 km) to the southwest.

The crater floor and the northwestern part of the imagedregion are remarkably flat and have been formed by sediments and basaltic lavaflows originating from the Tharsis volcanic region.

The lower part of the image clearly shows the boundarybetween the heavily cratered plain and the area with numerous fracture zones.Most of the fractures along the boundary are parallel to the edge of the LunaePlanum.

It is likely that the entire region experienced tectonicstresses as well as ?subrosion? ? a process where subsurface rocks aredissolved and removed by water ? causing overlying strata to collapse partiallyand form chaotic terrain.

Several fracture zones are also visible in the western part.Up to 6-mile (10-km) large areas that experienced ?subsidence? (gradualcompaction and sinking owing to the weight of the layers) are still intact.

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Discovery Puts New Spin on Universe's Most Powerful Magnets

Discovery Puts New Spin on Universe's Most Powerful Magnets
An artist's interpretation of a magnetar.
(Image: © ESA - Christophe Carreau.)

Strange fast-spinning stars called magnetars get their namesfrom the fact that they are the universe's most powerful magnets and unleashmassive amounts of radiation. But now scientists have found that some magnetarscan release mighty explosions without needing giant magnetic fields as previouslythought.

Magnetars are a kind of pulsingneutron star (or pulsar) ? a remnant of a star left over after a supernova,when a star's explosion crushed protons together with electrons into neutrons. Theyare a thousand times more magnetic than an ordinary neutron star and 10trillion times more so than a refrigerator magnet.

Neutron stars are some of the densest objects known. Althoughthey are usually only about 12 miles (20 km) across, they are often 1.5 to 3times the mass of the sun. A piece of a neutronstar the size of a sugar cube can weigh about 100 million tons, or roughlyas much as a mountain.

Now researchers have discovered a magnetic neutron star thatmay rewrite the book on magnetars? SGR 0418+5729, roughly 7,000 light-years from Earth.

Measuring a magnetic star

Astrophysicist Nanda Rea at the Institute of Space Sciencesin Barcelona, Spain, and her colleagues measured how fast SGR 0418+5729 wasspinning using data from four different X-ray space observatories.

The more powerful the magnetic field of a neutron star is,the more it tends to slow down the speedof thestar's spin. As such, measuring this slowdown allows researchers toestimate the intensity of the neutron stars' surface magnetic fields.

Typical magnetars have magnetic fields measuring up to amillion billion gauss in strength ? strong enough to rip atoms apart. Only 16or so magnetars are known to date.

But the researchers said their magnetar appeared to have amagnetic field that is roughly as small as those typically seen with ordinaryneutron stars. [TheStrangest Things In Space]

This suggests a lot of regular neutron stars "mightstart behaving as magnetars at anytime, regardless of their low magneticfields," Rea told

Magnetar's hidden power?

Magnetars are believed to include stars known as soft gammarepeaters (like SGR 0418+5729) and anomalous X-ray pulsars, which are known forexplosions of gamma rays and X-rays that can last from days to years.Scientists had thought the magnetars' powerful magnetic fields were the drivingforce behind these extraordinary bursts.

The researchers suggest the source of their magnetar's powermight be hidden deep within its surface. Although its surface magnetic fieldmight not be as strong as typically seen in magnetars, it could still have ahuge internal magnetic field.

"It is the very first time this has been observed and the discoveryposes the question of where the powering mechanism is in this case," studyco-author Silvia Zane, of the University College London, said in a statement."At this point, we are also interested in how many of the other normal,low field neutron stars that populate the galaxy can at some point wake up andmanifest themselves as a flaring source."

SGR 0418+5729 is 24 million years old, making it quite olderthan other soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars.

"We might be seeing an old population of magnetar whichare dissipating in bursts its last bit of its internal magnetic energy,"Rea said.

The research is detailed in the Oct. 15 issue of the journalScience.

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Founded by world-renowned makeup artist Kevyn Aucoin, this luxury cosmetics brand offers a range of timeless makeup staples and exciting seasonal twists.
Brand founder and makeup artist Kevyn Aucoin enhanced and perfected some of his era’s most famous and beautiful faces in his short, yet prolific, career. His skill was in revealing each subject’s true, timeless beauty; not only their best physical features, but also hidden facets of their personalities. Kevyn’s vision lives on through the brand he founded and launched in 2001.
The brand’s ever expanding line of products pays tribute to Kevyn Aucoin’s passion for the transformative and uplifting powers of makeup. With cult classics such as the multi-tasking, versatile Sensual Skin Enhancer and the famous Sculpting Powder being joined by new and innovative products like a shimmering eye gloss and a radiant-finish foundation, you’re sure to find a product to complement and celebrate your unique look.
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Day hiking tour along the Vereda de Estrella near Granada, Spain

Guided day hiking tour near Granada along the historic and beautiful Vereda de Estrella path with fine views to the dramatic Sierra Nevada mountains guaranteed

Dates - Best months are Appril, May, June and September, October and November

Prices - from €45 per person per day

Accommodation - hotels from €30 per person per night (sharing)

Two classic circular walking tours of "Moderate" and "Challenging" difficulty through the famous Vereda de Estrella (Way to the Stars). Within easy reach of Granada city these tours make for a great day hike.

The walking is on generally good paths, with extensive views opening up of the surrounding mountains as the hike progress. There are some short steep ascents and descents though, and some rough sections. Don't forget your camera!

1 Moderate Walk 1 Challenging Walk

Hiking the Vereda de Estrella

The historical "Vereda de Estrella" path winds its way up a narrow valley before turning southwards. At this point a classic view of the north faces of Sierra Nevada giants of Alcazaba (3350m) and Mulhacen (3482m) come into view.

We have two hiking tours, the "Cortijos de Hornillo" (Moderate) and the full circuit of the "Vereda de Estrella" (Challenging). You will find more information about each of these below. The best months are May, June, September, October and November

Both routes start from the same point, a narrow road trailhead reached from the town of Guejar Sierra and adjacent to base of the Barranco de San Juan (1180m). The drive from Granada is 30 minutes.

Pick up/drop off in Granada (Alhambra area) or Lanjaron, Alpujarras

Trip Reports Photos

Still on a high, 24 hours after the walk. We met our guide, Victoria, and immediately warmed to her. She was very attentive to our needs and pace throughout the whole 6.5 hour hike. She shared her passion and enthusiasm for the mountains, and was a fountain of knowledge.

We had a great day. It was just mind-blowing to be amongst such stunning majestic mountains. Sierra Nevada, Vereda de Estrella will always have a special place in my familys’ hearts.

Jewel90 via Trip Advisor

Months Available

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
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Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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Reserve a Tour

Circular visiting the Cortijos de Hornillo

The main effort on this hiking tour is straight after the start as we head uphill on graded tracks until we meet the Cortijo de Hoyo at nearly 1800m. From here on the hike is much easier as we contour the hillside high above the surrounding valleys. Gradually as we turn to the south the views open up and the magnificent high mountains of the Sierra Nevada come into view.

A little further and we reach the old Cortijos de Hornillo where we break for lunch. This is a spectacular place! There is time for a little exploration further south before we return on a steep zig zag path down to the main Vereda de Estrella path in the valley bottom. An hour level walking from here and we are back at the trailhead and ready to enjoy a cold beer!

Map of walk to Cortijo Hornillo

The "Classic" Vereda de Estrella path

After crossing the bridge we start the Vereda de Estrella. The going is easy alongside the southern side of the valley, passing wooded sections of chestnut trees which are abundant in this area (including one of 100 years old called "The Grandfather"!). After 1.5 hours we drop down leftwards to cross the Rio Genil by the "Puente de los Burros".

Now we have a steep climb on graded tracks to the Refugio Cucharacha 1750m, where we lunch and admire the stunning views across to the north faces of the Sierra Nevada. Continuing the walk on a fairly level track passing the old Refugio Aceral before dropping down the Barranco de Lucia and crossing the Rio Real.

The way back is made down the Vereda de la Estrella, taking occasional peeks at some of the mines that give name to the path. There are many beautiful waterfalls near here that accompany us on our return.

Map of walk along the Vereda de Estrella near Granada

The company

Contact us via our Contact Page
Email: [email protected]
N.B Phone calls can be arranged by prior appointment via email

Spanish Highs Tours Ltd
Company Number 09960909 Registered in England & Wales

Head Office: 41 Axholme Drive, Epworth, DN91EL, North Lincolnshire, UK. Registered Office: 20-22 Wenlock Road, London, N1 7GU, England

© 2019 Spanish Highs, Sierra Nevada

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Mountain database, refuges, altitude sickness, avalanche dangers, equipment lists, gear rental, FAQs etc


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Georgetown Township, Hudsonville, Jenison Family Fare Supermarkets add convenience with ‘Fast Lane’

Monday, October 9, 2017

Meredith Gremel, Vice President, Corporate Affairs & Communications, 616-878-2830

Georgetown Township, Hudsonville, Jenison Family Fare Supermarkets add convenience with ‘Fast Lane’

The Fast Lane experience is now available at three additional Family Fare stores in West Michigan, with plans to expand to 50 stores by the end of the year

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. – For families on the go or anyone short on time and looking for quality and convenience, three additional Family Fare Supermarkets now offer Fast Lane – the click-and-collect program that provides a seamless online grocery shopping experience.

Store guests at the Georgetown Township, Hudsonville and Jenison Family Fare locations can now join the Fast Lane, allowing them to easily order their groceries online at and pick them up curbside. The Family Fare stores are located at 5221 Cherry Ave. and 6480 28th Ave. in Hudsonville and 1965 Baldwin St. in Jenison.

Approximately five new jobs are created each time a SpartanNash retail store offers Fast Lane to its store guests. Fast Lane personal shoppers are also Family Fare associates, allowing the company to own the experience from start to finish and enabling personal shoppers to build relationships with Fast Lane customers.

The Fast Lane program was first launched at the Family Fare Supermarket in Grandville in July 2017. Due to the program’s popularity, SpartanNash has accelerated its expansion of the program, growing to as many as 50 stores in the company’s nine-state footprint in 2017.

Fast Lane is now available at the following Family Fare Supermarkets in Michigan:

  • Allendale – 6370 Lake Michigan Drive
  • Battle Creek (Lakeview) – 45 East Columbia
  • Byron Center – 2245 84th St. SW
  • Eaton Rapids – 1411 St. Main
  • Georgetown Township – 5221 Cherry Ave. in Hudsonville
  • Grand Rapids (Fulton Heights) – 1415 E. Fulton St.
  • Grand Rapids (Lake Michigan Drive) – 2755 Lake Michigan Drive NW
  • Grandville – 3960 44th St. SW
  • Hastings – 902 W. State St.
  • Holland – 993 Butternut Drive
  • Holland – 1185 S. Washington
  • Hudsonville – 6480 28th Ave.
  • Jenison – 1965 Baldwin St.
  • Kentwood – 6127 Kalamazoo Ave.
  • Marshall – 15900 W. Michigan Ave.
  • Rockford – 201 Marcell Drive NE
  • Sparta – 565 S. State St.
  • Wyoming (Metro Health) – 2275 Health Drive SW
  • Zeeland – 9479 Riley St.

In September, Fast Lane was expanded to two Family Fare stores in South Dakota – the first outside of Michigan to add the ability for store guests to order, pickup and go.

To celebrate the launch of the click-and-collect experience at the Georgetown Township, Hudsonville and Jenison Family Fare stores, customers can waive the pick fee on their first three Fast Lane orders using the code “FASTLANE”.

Orders placed at are shopped by Fast Lane personal shoppers, who focus on selecting quality items from each aisle of the store. Store guests can also include notes for Fast Lane shoppers to follow, allowing them to request green bananas and thick-sliced ham from the deli.

Store guests with yes loyalty accounts – and repeat Fast Lane shoppers – will automatically have their preferences loaded into their Fast Lane account, making it even easier to select commonly purchased items or sort by department, sale items or dietary restrictions when placing an order.

Annual and monthly Fast Lane memberships are also available at to provide Fast Lane shoppers with additional savings.

All orders placed before 3 p.m. will be available for same-day pickup.

About SpartanNash
SpartanNash (Nasdaq: SPTN) is a Fortune 400 company whose core businesses include distributing grocery products to independent grocery retailers, national accounts, its corporate-owned retail stores and U.S. military commissaries. SpartanNash serves customer locations in 47 states and the District of Columbia, Europe, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Bahrain and Egypt. SpartanNash currently operates 148 supermarkets, primarily under the banners of Family Fare Supermarkets, VG’s Food and Pharmacy, D&W Fresh Market, SunMart and Family Fresh Market. Through its MDV military division, SpartanNash is the leading distributor of grocery products to U.S. military commissaries.


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Media Kit

Special Olympics Colorado welcomes media outlets to any and all of our competitions and fundraisers. With over 21,000 athletes, 10,000 volunteers and many, many supporters, we have plenty heart-warming and important stories to share.

On this website, we have archived several human interest stories. This is just a sample of the amazing people we encounter through Special Olympics.

We can also provide you with some video from past competitions, and photos of our athletes and coaches. We hope you will take the time to visit with us and learn more about the scope of what we do. We are primarily a sports organization for people with intellectual disabilities but ultimately, we do so much more than organize sports competitions. We offer leadership programs in high schools and middle schools. And we offer health screenings to all of our athletes, free of charge, thanks to the tremendous support of medical professionals here in Colorado. We have so much to tell you – let us know how we can help you tell the story!

Inquiries from media outlets, public information officers and marketing agencies should be directed to Lexie Vean at or 720-359-3122.

Nuggets player with participant

Media Resources

Below are two zip folders containing our Brand Guidelines and Media Kit. Enclosed, you’ll find logos for Special Olympics, as well as for our major events.


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Spectre 42925K

Oil Filler Cap Cover
Rating Star 1 Rating Star 2 Rating Star 3 Rating Star 4 Rating Star 5
5.0 out of 5 stars 1 Customer Review
In Stock & Ready to Ship!

The Spectre 42925K fits some Ford Crown Victoria, Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor, Ford Edge, Ford Escape, Ford Expedition, Ford Explorer, Ford Explorer Sport, Ford Explorer Sport Trac, Ford F150, Ford F150 Heritage, Ford F150 Lightning, Ford F150 Platinum, Ford F150 SVT Raptor, Ford F250 Super Duty, Ford F350 Super Duty, Ford F450 Cutaway, Ford F450 Super Duty, Ford Falcon, Ford Falcon Longreach, Ford Falcon Outback, Ford Falcon XR6, Ford Five Hundred, Ford Flex, Ford FPV GT, Ford Freestyle, Ford Fusion, Ford Mustang, Ford Mustang Boss 302, Ford Mustang Bullitt, Ford Mustang GT, Ford Ranger, Ford Taurus, Ford Taurus SHO, Ford Taurus X, Ford Territory, Lincoln LS, Lincoln Mark LT, Lincoln MKS, Lincoln MKT, Lincoln MKX, Lincoln Navigator, Lincoln Town Car, Lincoln Zephyr, Mercury Grand Marquis, Mercury Mariner, Mercury Milan, Mercury Montego, Mercury Mountaineer, and Mercury Sable models. See vehicle applications for details.
Spectre Oil Filler Cap Covers install over your OE oil filler cap personalizing the look of your engine compartment. Constructed from a durable lightweight ABS; these covers feature an attractive finish with a stylish carbon-fiber design. This part fits most 2011-2016 Ford Mustang models. Be sure to verify compatibility with your vehicle by viewing the vehicle applications for this part number.

[View Black Ford Mustang Dress Up Covers - Modern Design]

  • Dresses up your stock oil filler cap
  • Durable black ABS construction
  • Modern design featuring a carbon fiber appearance
  • Easy to install with a secure adhesive backing

Available Information

Video: 42925K Oil Filler Cap Cover

Features Video

Part SPE-42925K Product Specifications

Product StyleSpectre Accessories
Weight0.2 lb (0.1 kg)
Product Box Height4.1 in (104 mm)
Product Box Length3.7 in (94 mm)
Product Box Width2.6 in (66 mm)
Warranty90 Days
WARNING: Cancer and reproductive

Product Reviews

August 7, 2017 - Part 42925K
Item looks and it's made great, the fitment is perfect. Highly recommend will definitely do business again.

Henry Mena
Land O Lakes, Florida
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