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Flat Design vs Skeuomorphism (Realism)

There’s a bit of a debate taking place in the web-design world. Designers are having to choose between two options: flat and simple or realistic and 3D looking.

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Flat Design vs Skeuomorphism (Realism)

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Major Accidents to the Environment

Major Accidents to the Environment by Ivan Vince

By: Ivan Vince

Date Released

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If our plant catches fire, when should it be allowed to burn down to prevent pollution?When does enforcement turn into prosecution, following an environmental accident?Will our environmental insurance cover the costs of remediation?This book provides a thorough and practical guide to the environmental aspects of compliance with the Seveso II Directive and COMAH regulations and surrounding issues.It guides readers through the technical, legal and insurance related complexities unique to the environmental aspects of Seveso II/COMAH. Individual chapters and sections written by relevant experts explain the implications of the Directive/Regulations and other laws that relate to major accident hazards. Valuable case studies underpin and illuminate the arguments presented.The comprehensive appendices contain a wealth of further case studies as well as focused supporting information on environmental design, assessment and management of major hazard installations, for safety, prevention and environmental professionals, risk assessors, insurers, managers and their legal advisors.Dr Ivan Vince is Director of ASK Consultants and co-founder of one of the first industrial risk consultancies in Eastern Europe. He has investigated several environmental accidents.Related titles:Introduction to Emergency Management, 2e Haddow and Bullock 978-0-7506-7961-9Introduction to International Disaster Management, Coppola 978-0-7506-7982-4Learning from Accidents, 3e, Kletz 978-0-7506-4883-7* This is the only guide to working with and implementing the Seveso II-Directive and COMAH regulations* Written by leading risk management, scientific, legal, and engineering experts, this book provides all of the key elements an organization must manage in order to comply* Accompanied by a comprehensive data handbook that enables managers and health & safety professionals to assess and apply the approaches required in the Directives
Publication Date:
08 / 04 / 2011

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EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit

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  • Compatible with any ChIP-grade antibody
  • For real-time PCR analysis and reproducible enrichment

The EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit is designed for performing chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in 6 hours with a ChIP-grade antibody.

Cat No./ID: 334471
EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit (12)
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ChampionChIP One-Day Kit
The EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit is intended for molecular biology applications. This product is not intended for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a disease.
A high degree of reproducibility.

Four independent researchers collected duplicate samples of 2 million HCT116 cells. Each performed ChIP with RNA Polymerase II antibody (RNA Pol II) or control IgG from an EpiTect ChIP Antibody Kit. The specific enrichment of ChIP DNA was analyzed using an EpiTect ChIP qPCR Assay for the GAPDH proximal promoter. The results are expressed as percentages of input results (table), their average (chart y-axis), and standard deviation (error bars). Multiple researchers can achieve ChIP-qPCR of Pol II that agrees with only a 4.8% coefficient of variation.

Good signal-to-noise ratios.

Triplicate wells of HCT-116 cells were fixed with formaldehyde. Chromatin was immunoprecipitated using the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit. Enriched genomic DNA was then purified and characterized by EpiTect ChIP qPCR Assays for the proximal promoter region of GAPDH and for an ORF-free region as a negative control. The results for each immunoprecipitation are expressed as percentage of input, or the fraction of the total input DNA co-immunoprecipitating with RNA Polymerase II.

EpiTect ChIP OneDay protocol.
DNA free from PCR inhibitors.
Chromatin was isolated from 4 million untreated HeLa cells and sonicated. DNA was then purified from an input DNA fraction (diamonds), and immunoprecipitations using either control IgG (triangles), anti-p53 (p53 IP, squares), or RNA Polymerase II (Pol2 IP, circles) using the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit. Different volumes of each DNA preparation (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 µl) were used to obtain CT values and generate a calibration curve. Straight lines indicate that no inhibitors are present in the DNA preparations that interfere with real-time PCR. The results also demonstrate the reliability of the enrichment by the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit, since the fold of enrichment is independent of the volumes of template from the immunopreciptated DNA.
The EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit isolates DNA with high yield and high purity, free from inhibitors. As a result, real-time PCR analysis of the DNA provides highly reproducible results and good signal-to-noise ratios. See figures "A high degree of reproducibility", "Good signal-to-noise ratios", and "DNA free from PCR inhibitors".

The EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit is designed for performing chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using chosen antibodies to specifically enrich genomic DNA fragments bound in vivo to transcription factors, modified histones, or other nuclear factors of interest.

The EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit decreases the time required for cross-link reversal and DNA isolation down to 1 hour versus traditional ChIP methods that require 6–8 hours. This time saving allows the rapid quality control and assessment of the size of sheared chromatin before immunoprecipitation, and enables more reliable subsequent real-time PCR detection.

It takes just 6 hours to generate a high yield of enriched ChIP DNA that is free of inhibitors and ready for real-time PCR quantification (see flowchart "EpiTect ChIP OneDay protocol"). The kit includes all the buffers and reagents needed for the ChIP preparative process, except for cross-linking agent and antibodies.

Using the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit, chromatin from cells or tissues is first sheared and then incubated and immunoprecipitated with ChIP-grade antibodies from an EpiTect ChIP Antibody Kit or other sources. These antibodies enable precipitation of chromatin associated with the protein of interest. After purifying the ChIP DNA fraction with the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit, the amount of DNA enriched by the antibody of interest can be quantified by real-time PCR using EpiTect ChIP qPCR Assays or EpiTect ChIP qPCR Arrays.

Among other applications, the EpiTect ChIP OneDay Kit, used with the EpiTect ChIP Antibody Kit and EpiTect ChIP qPCR Arrays and Assays, streamlines:

Identification of disease biomarkers
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Verification of ChIP-on-chip and ChIP-Seq data

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For immunoprecipitation, crosslink reversal, and DNA purification for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation
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Biker banned for speeding at 116mph

A seasoned traffic officer has criticised the actions of a man who was caught riding his motorbike at 116mph during rush-hour traffic near York.

North Yorkshire Police officer Dave Brown condemned the behaviour of Matthew Greenwood, 34, who was caught going almost double the speed limit on the 60mph A1237 on the morning of October 31, especially as the road was wet at the time.

Greenwood, of Rainsborough Way, York, lost his licence for three months, was fined £395 and ordered to pay costs of £60 after pleading guilty to speeding at Selby Magistrates' Court. Having his licence revoked, albeit temporarily, could make it increasingly difficult for Greenwood to secure reasonably pricedcar insurance in the future.

Inspector Brown said: "This is one of the worst cases of inappropriate and excessive speed I have seen in 30 years of policing.

"Greenwood rode his bike at almost double the legal speed limit, in heavy, rush-hour traffic, and showed complete disregard for the safety of other road users."

Copyright © Press Association 2011


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Sharpe's Fury : Richard Sharpe and the Battle of Barrosa, March 1811 (Paperback)

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In 1811, when a secret group of Spaniards threatens the alliance between England and Spain in the fight against Bonaparte, Captain Richard Sharpe and his unit of British soldiers must save the alliance and foil their plans to embarrass the British. Reprint. 75,000 first printing. *Author: Cornwell, Bernard *Subtitle: Richard Sharpe and the Battle of Barrosa, March 1811 *Publication Date: 2007/09/01 *Number of Pages: 337 *Binding Type: Paperback *Language: English *Depth: 1.00 *Width: 5.50 *Height: 8.00

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ISBN10 0060561564
Release Date 9/1/2007
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Ariens WELDMENT- ZOOM 50" DECK 00476859

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Jucilene Silva Araújo, Emerson Dechechi Chambó, Maria Angélica Pereira de Carvalho Costa, Samira Maria Peixoto Cavalcante da Silva, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho, Leticia M Estevinho
Recent research shows variations in pollen chemical constituents and, consequently, in their therapeutic properties. Mono and multifloral bee pollen extracts were investigated for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity properties, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition. Generally, Eucalyptus spp. and multifloral extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, lipase and hyaluronidase. On the other hand, Miconia spp. demonstrated higher antihemolytic activity...
April 27, 2017: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Marianna Vitiello, Andrea Tuccoli, Romina D'Aurizio, Samanta Sarti, Laura Giannecchini, Simone Lubrano, Andrea Marranci, Monica Evangelista, Silvia Peppicelli, Chiara Ippolito, Ivana Barravecchia, Elena Guzzolino, Valentina Montagnani, Michael Gowen, Elisa Mercoledi, Alberto Mercatanti, Laura Comelli, Salvatore Gurrieri, Lawrence W Wu, Omotayo Ope, Keith Flaherty, Genevieve M Boland, Marc R Hammond, Lawrence Kwong, Mario Chiariello, Barbara Stecca, Gao Zhang, Alessandra Salvetti, Debora Angeloni, Letizia Pitto, Lido Calorini, Giovanna Chiorino, Marco Pellegrini, Meenhard Herlyn, Iman Osman, Laura Poliseno
Despite increasing amounts of experimental evidence depicting the involvement of non-coding RNAs in cancer, the study of BRAFV600E-regulated genes has thus far focused mainly on protein-coding ones. Here, we identify and study the microRNAs that BRAFV600E regulates through the ERK pathway.By performing small RNA sequencing on A375 melanoma cells and a vemurafenib-resistant clone that was taken as negative control, we discover miR-204 and miR-211 as the miRNAs most induced by vemurafenib. We also demonstrate that, although belonging to the same family, these two miRNAs have distinctive features...
April 11, 2017: Oncotarget
Sadaf Mutahir, Muhammad Asim Khan, Islam Ullah Khan, Muhammad Yar, Muhammad Ashraf, Sidra Tariq, Ren-Long Ye, Bao-Jing Zhou
Eluding the involvement of solvents in organic synthesis and introducing environment friendly procedures can control environmental problems. A facile and an efficient solvent free mechanochemical method (grinding) is achieved to synthesize novel bis-biphenyl substituted thiazolidinones using non-toxic and cheap N-acetyl glycine (NAG). Organocatalytic condensation of a series of Schiff's bases bearing different substituents with thioglycolic acid produces a variety of thiazolidinones derivatives in good to excellent yield...
April 13, 2017: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Jae-Hui Nam, Joon Hong Min, Wang-Kyun Kim, Sunmin Yim, Won-Serk Kim
A low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, or laser toning, has yielded favorable outcomes in various benign pigmented disorders. However, the exact mechanism of action of laser toning has not been fully elucidated. We sought to determine the inhibitory effect of laser toning on melanogenesis and to assess how laser passes influence the outcomes. To produce perceptible pigmentation, nine HRM-2 melanin-possessing hairless mice were treated with ultraviolet (UV) B radiation on the dorsal skin...
April 20, 2017: Lasers in Medical Science
Toshihiro Akihisa, Satoru Yokokawa, Eri Ogihara, Masahiro Matsumoto, Jie Zhang, Takashi Kikuchi, Kazuo Koike, Masahiko Abe
Four limonoids, 1-4, five alkaloids, 5-9, and four phenolic compounds, 10-13, were isolated from a MeOH extract of the bark of Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae). Among these, compound 13 was a new, and its structure was established as rel-(1R,2R,3R)-5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)indane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (γ-di(methyl ferulate)) based on the spectrometric analysis. Upon evaluation of compounds 1-13 against the melanogenesis in the B16 melanoma cells induced with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), four compounds, limonin (1), noroxyhydrastinine (6), haplopine (7), and 4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quiolone (8), exhibited potent melanogenesis-inhibitory activities with almost no toxicity to the cells...
April 20, 2017: Chemistry & Biodiversity
Sonja Herres-Pawlis, Patricia Liebhäuser, Kristina Keisers, Alexander Hoffmann, Thomas Schnappinger, Isabella Sommer, Anne Thoma, Claudia Wilfer, Roland Schoch, Kai Stührenberg, Matthias Bauer, Maximilian Dürr, Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic
Tyrosinase model systems pinpoint pathways to translate nature´s synthetic abilities into useful synthetic catalysts. Mostly, they use N-donor ligands which mimic the histidine residues coordinating the two copper centres. Copper complexes with bis(pyrazolyl)methanes with pyridinyl or imidazolyl moieties are already reported as excellent tyrosinase models. Substitution of the pyridinyl donor results now in the new ligand HC(3 tBuPz)2(4 CO2MePy) which stabilises a room-temperature stable -2:2-peroxide dicopper(II) species upon oxygenation...
April 19, 2017: Chemistry: a European Journal
Francisco Les, Víctor López, Giovanni Caprioli, Romilde Iannarelli, Dennis Fiorini, Marzia Innocenti, Maria Bellumori, Filippo Maggi
Cotoneaster pannosus (Rosaceae) is a semievergreen shrub, producing globose dark red pomes, native to China and widely used as an ornamental plant all over the world. Despite its extensive cultivation, little information is available on the chemical composition and biological activities of its fruits. In this work, the analysis of the chemical composition of C. pannosus fruits, in terms of phenolic components, carotenoids and ascorbic acid by HPLC/DAD, HPLC/ESI-MS and MS/MS as well as in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients was performed...
April 18, 2017: Food & Function
Wei-Ming Chai, Mei-Zhen Lin, Fang-Jun Song, Ying-Xia Wang, Kai-Li Xu, Jin-Xin Huang, Jian-Ping Fu, Yi-Yuan Peng
In this study, the inhibitory effect and mechanism of rifampicin on the activity of tyrosinase were investigated for developing a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. It was found to have a significant inhibition on the activity of tyrosinase (IC50=90±0.6μM). From the kinetics analysis, it was proved to be a reversible and noncompetitive type inhibitor of the enzyme with the KI value of 94±3.5μM. The results obtained from intrinsic fluorescence quenching indicated that rifampicin could interact with tyrosinase. In particular, the drastic decrease of fluorescence intensity was due to the formation of a rifampicin-enzyme complex in a static procedure which was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding...
April 13, 2017: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Xiao-Yu Chen, De-Fang Li, Ji-Chun Han, Bo Wang, Zheng-Ping Dong, Li-Na Yu, Zhao-Hai Pan, Chuan-Jun Qu, Ying Chen, Shi-Guo Sun, Qiu-Sheng Zheng
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a member of the flavonoids, is known to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The effect of ISL on reprogramming in cancer cells, however, remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of ISL on reprogramming in human melanoma A375 cells. ISL (15 μg/ml) significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation, anchorage independent cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle arrest after ISL exposure for 24 h. However, there were no significant changes in apoptosis rate. Terminal differentiation indicators (melanin content, melanogenesis mRNA expression, tyrosinase (TYR) activity) were all up-regulated by ISL treatment...
March 29, 2017: Oncotarget
Md Badrul Alam, Vivek K Bajpai, JungIn Lee, Peijun Zhao, Jung-Hee Byeon, Jeong-Sic Ra, Rajib Majumder, Jong Sung Lee, Jung-In Yoon, Irfan A Rather, Yong-Ha Park, Kangmin Kim, MinKyun Na, Sang-Han Lee
In this study, the authors investigated the anti-melanogenic effects of 3,8-dihydroxyquinoline (jineol) isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, the mechanisms responsible for its inhibition of melanogenesis in melan-a cells, and its antioxidant efficacy. Mushroom tyrosinase activities and melanin contents were determined in melan-a cells, and the protein and mRNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 were assessed. Jineol exhibited significant, concentration-dependent antioxidant effects as determined by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays...
April 10, 2017: Scientific Reports
Zuly Jiménez, Yeon-Ju Kim, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Kwang-Hoon Seo, Padmanaban Mohanan, Jong-Chan Ahn, Yu-Jin Kim, Deok Chun Yang
Panax ginseng berry extract possess remarkable pharmacological effects on skin treatment such as anti-aging, antioxidant, promotor of collagen synthesis and alleviation against atopic dermatitis. In recent years, gold nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their extensive range of applications in particular in the field of drug delivery as a result of their biological compatibility and low toxicity. In a previous study, we designed and developed biocompatible gold and silver nanoparticles based on phytochemical profile and pharmacological efficacy of P...
April 9, 2017: Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
Melissa A Wilk, Alison L Huckenpahler, Ross F Collery, Brian A Link, Joseph Carroll
PURPOSE: We assessed the effect of melanin on the appearance of hyperreflective outer retinal bands in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. METHODS: A total of 23 normal subjects and 51 patients with albinism were imaged using the Bioptigen high-resolution spectral-domain OCT. In addition, three wild type, three albino (slc45a2(b4/b4) ), and eight tyrosinase mosaic zebrafish were imaged with the hand-held Bioptigen Envisu R2200 OCT. To identify pigmented versus nonpigmented regions in the tyrosinase mosaic zebrafish, en face summed volume projections of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were created from volume scans...
April 2017: Translational Vision Science & Technology
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi, Vahid Reza Askari, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
OBJECTIVES: In previous studies, antioxidant activity of Viola odorata L. has been demonstrated. In this study, we have investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of extract and fractions of the plant in B16F10 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Impact of different increasing concentrations of extract and fractions of V. odorata was evaluated on cell viability, cellular tyrosinase, melanin content and mushroom tyrosinase as well as ROS production in B16F10 murine melanoma cell line...
March 2017: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Wangsa T Ismaya, Olivia M Tandrasasmita, Syaripah Sundari, Diana, Xuelei Lai, Debbie S Retnoningrum, Bauke W Dijkstra, Raymond R Tjandrawinata, Heni Rachmawati
The light subunit of mushroom Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase (LSMT) is a protein of unknown function that was discovered serendipitously during the elucidation of the crystal structure of the enzyme. The protein is non-immunogenic and can penetrate the intestinal epithelial cell barrier, and thus, similar to its structural homologue HA-33 from Clostridium botulinum, may be potentially absorbable by the intestine. LSMT also shares high structural homology with the ricin-B-like lectin from the mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (CNL), which has been shown to display biological activity against leukemic cancer cells and dendritic cells...
April 6, 2017: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Eun Young Seo, Seon-Pil Jin, Kyung-Cheol Sohn, Chi-Hyun Park, Dong Hun Lee, Jin Ho Chung
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is involved in many signaling pathways via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. UCHL1 is expressed in the human skin and serves as a neuronal marker; however, its functions in melanogenesis remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of UCHL1 in melanogenesis, and elucidated the underlying mechanism using human melanocytes. UCHL1 downregulation by siRNA resulted in upregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and melanin...
April 6, 2017: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Gokhan Zengin, Ramazan Ceylan, Jelena Katanić, Adriano Mollica, Abdurrahman Aktumsek, Tatjana Boroja, Sanja Matić, Vladimir Mihailović, Snežana Stanić, Zaahira Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
Methanolic extracts of Moltkia aurea Boiss. (MA) and Moltkia coerulea (Willd.) Lehm. (MC) were investigated for their antioxidant capacity and enzymatic inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase in vitro. MA and MC were also explored for their antimicrobial effect, as well as for their possible genotoxic/antigenotoxic potential on Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. The total bioactive components (phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC)) were determined and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolite profiling of MA and MC appraised...
April 5, 2017: Food and Chemical Toxicology
Eun Jeong Jang, Yoonho Shin, Hyen Joo Park, Donghwa Kim, Cholomi Jung, Ji-Young Hong, Sanghee Kim, Sang Kook Lee
BACKGROUND: Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) suppresses the expression of enzymes controlling the production of melanin. Phytosphingosine is a well-known cosmetic agent, but its anti-melanogenic activity and mechanism of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effects of phytosphingosine on melanin synthesis and elucidate the plausible mechanism of actions in vitro and ex vivo systems. METHODS: Melanin content, cell viability, tyrosinase activity, p-CREB DNA binding activity, and the protein gene expression levels of the enzymes and proteins involved in melanogenesis were measured with the treatment of phytosphingosine...
March 23, 2017: Journal of Dermatological Science
Edikarlos M Brasil, Luciana M Canavieira, Érica T C Cardoso, Edilene O Silva, Jerônimo Lameira, José L M Nascimento, Vera L Eifler-Lima, Barbarella de Matos Macchi, Dharmarajan Sriram, Paul V Bernhardt, José Rogério Araújo Silva, Craig M Williams, Cláudio N Alves
Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase was observed with synthetic dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones. Among them, DHPC04 displayed the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 4μM, comparable to the reference standard inhibitor kojic acid. A kinetic study suggested that these synthetic heterocyclic compounds behave as competitive inhibitors for the L-DOPA binding site of the enzyme. Furthermore, molecular modeling provided important insight into the mechanism of binding interactions with the tyrosinase copper active site...
April 8, 2017: Chemical Biology & Drug Design
Larissa Cleres Moreira, Renato Ivan de Ávila, Danillo Fabrini Maciel Costa Veloso, Tatiana Nascimento Pedrosa, Emerson Silva Lima, Renê Oliveira do Couto, Eliana Martins Lima, Aline Carvalho Batista, José Realino de Paula, Marize Campos Valadares
In the context of developing a new natural product-based cosmetic, the in vitro efficacy and safety evaluations of a complex botanical mixture based on Eugenia dysenterica leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EDE) (2.5-1000μg/mL) were carried out. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated the presence of the tannin (ellagic acid) and flavonoids (quercetin and gallic acid) which characterize the EDE as a polyphenol-rich mixture. Using HFF-1 fibroblasts, it was shown that EDE promoted cell regeneration after UVA exposure...
April 4, 2017: Toxicology in Vitro: An International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
Antonio Garcia-Jimenez, Jose Luis Munoz-Munoz, Francisco García-Molina, Jose Antonio Teruel-Puche, Francisco García-Cánovas
New methods are proposed to determine the activity of tyrosinase on caffeic and p-coumaric acids. Because o-quinone from caffeic acid is unstable in its presence, it has been characterized through spectrophotometric measurements of the disappearance of coupled reducing agents, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form. It has also been characterized by a chronometric method, measuring the time that a known concentration of ascorbic acid takes to be consumed. The activity on p-coumaric acid has been followed by measuring the formation of o-quinone of caffeic acid at the isosbestic point originated between caffeic acid and o-caffeoquinone and measuring the formation of o-quinone at 410 nm, which is stable in the presence of p-coumaric acid (both of them in the presence of catalytic amounts of caffeic acid, maintaining the ratio between p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid constant; R = 0...
April 18, 2017: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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How Will a Chin Implant Change my Front Profile?

Left and mid photo unaltered. Photo on the right is the desired look. Is my expectation realistic? Or am I asking for too much chin? How will a chin implant change my front profile? Will my chin look pointy? Wider? Longer? Will the addition of a chin implant make the overall shape of my face look less round? Do most surgeons provide photographic examples of their work during a consultation? Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions.

Update: Photo added.

Doctor Answers 3

Chin implant

Unfortunately, I could not view your photos. Don't know if they were posted or not. Thereare different shape, size and brands of chin implants to accomodate improving the appearances and balance of a given face. If a  patient is interested in changing a "round face" into an "oval face", an implant with high height and relatively short "lateral wing" would do the job. Your plastic surgeon can assist you to choose the most suitable implant for you.

Minneapolis Plastic Surgeon
4.9 out of 5 stars 16 reviews

Chin implants achieve that rejuvenated look from the front, too

Chin implants provide an obvious improvement in a patient’s profile from a side view. This helps balance the face if one has a weak chin. What is less known is that a chin implant can also improve the view from a front view, especially in patients with deepened pre-jowl sulcus. A smoother jawline can be achieved with chin implants. In addition, chin augmentation can help to tighten extra skin along the jawline providing a more rejuvenated look. Chin implants are well known for their improvement in the profile and the profile side view but they also do provide benefits from the front view.

Mark Hamilton, MD
Indianapolis Facial Plastic Surgeon
4.8 out of 5 stars 43 reviews

Chin Implants Are Customized

Hi Zombie,

I could not view your photos, but I can tell you that what you expect needs to be clearly discussed with your surgeon.  The concern is always that a patient may want too much from a fairly simple operation.  That being said, a chin implant can make quite a large difference in one's appearance.

When I discuss this operation with patients, I am sure to indicate what I think is a reasonable expectation for their chin, in my hands.  None of the other surgeons on this board (unless one of them is YOUR surgeon) can tell you what your surgeon can accomplish.  Just make sure you have been clear in your conversations and that your surgeon is comfortable with what you are hoping to achieve.

Paul K. Holden, MD
Phoenix Facial Plastic Surgeon
4.9 out of 5 stars 52 reviews

These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Will I lose close to 10lbs with a tummy tuck and an arm lift? (Photo)

So after two pregnancies with massive weight gains could I possibly lose 8-10lbs if I had a tummy tuck l and arm lift done?

Doctor Answers 6

Losing Weight With a Tummy Tuck

There isn’t a predetermined number that a Tummy Tuck or Arm Lift procedure will result in but it all depends in how much excess skin your surgeon will need to be removed. Both procedures can be determined during a consultation. Hope this helps.

Voorhees Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 83 reviews

Will I lose close to 10lbs with a tummy tuck and an arm lift?

 Based on the photographs, I would estimtae that you will lose about 4 pounds after the planned procedures.  Best wishes for an outcome that you will be very pleased with.

Tom J. Pousti, MD, FACS
San Diego Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 1,488 reviews

The tummy tuck, arm lift and liposuction does not make you lose too much weight, maybe 3 or 4 lb. at the most, but if after the surgery you follow a health lifestyle, and you work out regularly, then you can lose even more weight.

Juan Carlos Fuentes, MD
Mexico Plastic Surgeon
4.7 out of 5 stars 65 reviews

Weight Loss with a Tummy Tuck

Plastic surgery procedures, in general, are helpful in contouring - not weight loss. While you certainly will lose some weight with removal of skin and/or fat, it is usually less than you would think it might be.

You will get the best results if you are near your ideal weight but feel like certain areas are resistant to diet/exercise and/or you have loose skin.

Ashley B. Robey, MD
Indianapolis Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 28 reviews

Will I lose close to 10lbs with a tummy tuck and an arm lift?

Hello dear, thanks for your question and provided information as well. Loosing weight after a plastic surgery will depend on your life style, on how you eat and workout. I recommend to make an appointment with a board certfied plastic surgeon to talk about your goals and your concerns.

Good luck :)

Tania Medina de Garcia, MD
Dominican Republic Plastic Surgeon
4.5 out of 5 stars 398 reviews

Losing weight with a tummy tuck

Thank you for the answer and the photos. On average, patients lose about 5 lbs after a tummy tuck. It's important to remember, however, that this plastic surgery should not be considered a weight loss procedure. It will help you eliminate problem areas, address excess skin, and even go down several sizes. That being said, you should strive to attain your ideal weight BEFORE the procedure.

An in-person exam with a board-certified plastic surgeon would be the best way to assess your needs and obtain a reliable medical advice. Best of luck! Dr. Michael Omidi.

Michael M. Omidi, MD, FACS
Beverly Hills Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 92 reviews

These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Member since 8/29/2013

  • 2 total posts
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Reviews & Stories

So Glad I Had This Done! - Scottsdale, AZ

I have had severe sleep issues for decades. I have been through numerous sleep studies, only to be told that I was "borderline" for sleep apnea. I was referred to Dr. Pryor for a consultation, and he immediately noticed issues with the septum in my nose. It turns out that one side was completely blocked, which was leading to a variety of symptoms. I had the procedure done on August 16th,... READ MORE

Recent comments from AZRaiderH8r

Sorry, no mentions of either of those, so I don't think it was done. Wish I could help more! READ COMMENT


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Mrs Cayman

Location: Cayman islands
Member since 10/12/2013

  • 60 total posts
  • 2 reviews

Reviews & Stories

Round 2- Dr. Edgar Contreras Dominica Republic

I am planning to go for round two l, after having lipo, tummy tuck and Bbl done January 21 2014 at plastic contreras in DR. I am seeking pics of breast reduction and lift with and without implants, so i can see the differences. The clinic is very nice and ppl are great. But i will stay with a friend for most of my stay. Anyone planning to go Jan 2015? READ MORE

Liposuction, Tummy Tuck, Breast Reduction and Fat Grafting to Buttock and Hip - Dominican Republic, DO

I can't wait for "New beginning 2014". I have 2 kids, ages 18 months and 5 months.i loving husband but i think it is time to make my body sexy and attracting. I weigh 219 IBs, age 23 years old born in Jamaica but raised in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. i am currently wearing size 16 pants and 2-3 xl tops. Bra size is 38 DDD. i am going to Dr Edgar Conteras to reduce my breast and... READ MORE

Recent comments from Mrs Cayman

How did u get a hold of Dr Torres? READ COMMENT

Best of luck...i be with Dr edgar contreas 16th also having sx. READ COMMENT

Of course! Some ppl post 1-4 pics,trust i will be take pic of everything...even clinic other girl joining my journey. READ COMMENT

Hey girl Jan 28th is almost here...i leaving on the 15th. Be sure to to ask for me when u arrive so we ca share our journey together. READ COMMENT


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Connecting to LinkedIn...

Is anyone on Google+ ? - Latest blog by Teri Etherington

In July last year (around the same time I starting diving into Social Media) Google+ was launched, after the initial desperation to get an invitation and the excitement of getting one I have to say I was left feeling more than a little disappointed

Adding anyone to my circles who added me just to try and build up some numbers and interacting over things which I would never normally be even the remotest bit interested just to try it out I put it further and further to the back on my mind. I would post every other week, check it a couple of times a week and leave it to tick away.

Google+ contained a few contacts which I would regularly interact with but really I would chat to them on Twitter, I would only use Google+ to promote what I was doing. Over the last few weeks more and more of my friends and work contacts have added me to their circles and in turn I have added back.

I really like the idea of Google+ and I hope that over time it is used more and more. Although I wont be rushing to post on there everyday I think I may step it up to once a week or even a couple of times.

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Take Flight Butterfly Rubber Stamp Save 10%

$ 14.85 $ 16.50

Take Flight Butterfly Rubber Stamp.  There are 7 rubber stamps in this collection.  The size of the stamps are approximate: The butterfly squares are about 2" x 2".  The 3 individual butterflies are about 1" x 1-3/4".  The butterfly flight sentiment is about 3/4" x 3".Each stamp is trimmed to size and the stamps are on a storage card.  Red Lead rubber stamps are made in the USA of premium quality cling mount red rubber.

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How do you find a home using Zillow real estate listings?

Quick Answer

Find a home for sale using the Zillow real estate listings by visiting Zillow.com and entering in the ZIP code of the area in which you want to purchase a home. Browse the interactive map to find a home, then contact the agent directly or through the site's tools.

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Full Answer

Zillow.com contains numerous types of property listings from real estate agents across the country, both sales and rentals. To view active sale listings, choose the Homes section from the navigation bar and enter in the ZIP code of the appropriate area. This displays a map view of all active listings within that location, along with a section that includes an image and house description for each listing. Access additional details by clicking on a map marker or a listing on the sidebar.

When viewing a home's listing, you have access to the number of bedrooms and bathrooms in the home, its square footage and information about additional features such as swimming pools or clubhouses. The listing also includes the contact information for the agent handling the property, such as a phone number, as well as a form that sends the seller an email. In order to purchase a home, you need to work directly with the agent to meet the financing qualifications and set a final sale price.

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How do you find a house for rent in Costa Rica?

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ReMax and Realtor.com feature international property listings and can help you find a rental in Costa Rica. Search for a property by province or city on either site, and narrow your search based on the filters available. Click on a property to preview its details, or view photos to assess the suitability of a rental on both websites.

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Find a single- or multi-family home on Realtor.com by selecting the Property Type tab, and sort listed rentals by minimum and maximum price, number of bedrooms and home size. A Reset tab clears the page and lets you begin a fresh search. Define the property features you prefer to find a house that fits your specific needs. Set a language, currency and area units to customize your search, and view rentals on a map to focus on a neighborhood.

On ReMax, check the For Rent or Lease category, and define the floor level, number of rooms, area in square meters and currency. The More Options tab lets you find new rentals along with houses that are yet to hit the market. Search by property category, or view listings by age on the site. Alternatively, search by multiple service listing service ID. Track properties of interest using the Favorites feature, or select a property to contact a property manager or owner.

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What is a good tomatillo canning recipe?

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Remove the husks of the tomatillos and, keeping them whole and unpeeled, wash well. Place the tomatillos in a large saucepan and cover with water. Boil for 5 to 10 minutes, until tender. Add 2 tablespoons of lemon juice to the jars and fill loosely with the tomatillos to 1/2 inch of the rim. Pour the cooking liquid to cover the tomatillos and remove any air bubbles. Seal the jars and process in a canner for about 40 minutes.

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Another option is to can the tomatillos as an ingredient in a green salsa or relish. To make a tomatillo green salsa, combine 5 cups chopped tomatillos, 1 1/2 cups seeded and chopped long green chillies, 4 cups onions, 1 cup lemon or lime juice and 6 finely chopped garlic cloves; season with 1 tablespoon cumin, 3 tablespoons dried oregano, 1 tablespoon salt and 1 teaspoon black pepper. Heat the ingredients in a large saucepan over high heat, stirring frequently. Once the mixture begins to boil, reduce to a simmer for 20 minutes. Ladle into jars, leaving 1/2 of space to the rim and process in a boiling water canner for 15 to 25 minutes.

For your safety, wear plastic gloves while handling the hot peppers and avoid contact with eyes.

It is extremely important to follow the recipe amounts and instructions exactly as provided; any deviations in these amounts could alter acidity of the salsa and make it unsafe to consume.

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What is the significance of a Morgan silver dollar mintage?

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Morgan silver dollars were minted from 1878 to 1904 and briefly in 1921, when the U.S. government discontinued production of Morgan silver dollars permanently. The dollar coins were first created as a result of the discovery of a large silver mine near Carson City, Nev., that made silver an abundant metal. The Morgan silver dollars are 90 percent silver.

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Silver dollars had fallen out of favor for the five years prior to the Morgan silver dollar because they were heavy and made up only a fraction of circulating coins. The Mint Act of 1878 authorized a new silver dollar to be minted, creating the Morgan. At the same time, Congress passed a bill requiring the treasury to purchase large amounts of silver for the production of dollar coins. Silver prices fell despite the interest in the metal because it was still not widely used in industry.

By 1893 there was an overabundance of silver dollars but not enough gold. The treasury's gold had been largely paid out to mine owners to purchase the silver, not leaving much left to pay notes and other financial obligations payable solely in gold. This put the U.S. government in a precarious situation and no more silver was purchased.

The Morgan dollars were minted until the supply of silver ran out in 1904. The Morgan dollar was briefly minted in 1921 as a counterbalance to an act that had required silver dollars to be melted down to make currency for India, which was then a British colony.

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What are some soccer world records?

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Edson Arantes de Nascimento, better known as Pel?, has the world record for goals, with 1,279 in 1,363 matches held between 1956 and 1977. Pel? played for Santos in Brazil and the New York Cosmos in the United States.

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Other individual record holders include Dixie Dean, a player for Everton of England, who tallied 60 goals during the 1927-28 season. Lionel Messi had 91 goals in 2012, the most goals during a calendar year.

A 31-0 victory for Australia over American Samoa in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier game on April 11, 2001, is the largest margin of victory in an international match. Archie Thompson's 13 goals against American Samoa remains the most goals scored by an individual in an international contest. David Zdrillic's eight goals still is the second-most by a player since World War I. Australia set the previous record, with a 22-0 win over Tonga, two days earlier.

Among women's records, Abby Wambach of the United States has 182 goals in 226 matches for the national team, as of May 2015. Wambach, who began playing with the national team in 2001, became the record holder on July 20, 2009, when she passed another American, Mia Hamm, who posted 158 goals between 1987 and 2004.

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Where can you find a SafeLink Wireless phone application?

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A SafeLink Wireless phone application is available at SafeLinkWireless.com. From the home page, enter the ZIP code and click Apply Now. If the program is available in that area, step one of the application process is provided, along with a link to download a blank application.

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To download a blank application, click the word "here" in the sentence located at the bottom right hand corner of the screen. SafeLink Wireless requires you to provide proof of income or eligibility verification documents with both methods of application. The Lifeline program supports SafeLink, and there is a limit of one cellphone per household.

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Does Microsoft offer a trial download of Publisher?

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As of 2015, Microsoft offers a trial version of MS Publisher as part of an Office 365 trial subscription offer. The trial period is one month and includes access to the entire suite of MS Office programs. A credit card is required to take advantage of the free trial.

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Microsoft Publisher is compatible with Windows computers running Windows 7.1, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. The software allows users to design and publish various types of documents such as business cards and brochures. The latest version, Publisher 2016, features several improvements that simplify the ability for multiple users to create, share and edit project files.

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What are examples of Filipino values?

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Filipino values include fostering a sense of harmony amongst social groups in order to bring about peace. A strong sense of family ties and obligation is also a core Filipino value.

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What are examples of Filipino values?
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Filipino people generally believe that the father is the head of the household and is solely responsible for providing for the family financially. The mother's job, traditionally, is to nurture the children and take care of domestic responsibilities. Filipino parents often do not encourage their children to move out of the home too soon, even after their sons and daughters have reached adulthood. Filipinos are also motivated by the opinions of others, particularly loved ones, and this governs their social behavior.

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Reconsidering Christian Humanism & the Early Reformation

Speaker(s): Darren Provost
Date: May 25 2012
Length: 94 min
Product ID: RGDL4200E

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This Evening Public Lecture is also available as part of the Regent History Workshop 2012 which focuses on Secularization as the unintended consequence of the Reformation. Here, Darren Provost presents a case study using archival research on Ulm, a former free imperial city in southern Germany. He sheds light on the relationship between the development of Christian Humanism during the Northern Renaissance and the early Reformation, and the secularization of northern European society.

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Darren Provost is Assistant Professor of History, Coordinator for History at Trinity Western University.

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Because You're Worth It: Grace and Human Value

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Bring Faith to Bear on the Public Issues of our Time

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Depression, Anger, and Gender

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Divining the Spirit in Contemporary Art

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Evangelicals and Jews Together: The Origins of Christian Zionism

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G.K. Chesterton: Rum, Romanism, and the Sacramental Imagination

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Great Sporting Liturgies: Fields of Praise?

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Human Origins in Light of Genesis 2

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London Burning & the Post-Riot Debates

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Poetry, Protest, and Prayer

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Shhhh! The Art of Listening in an Inattentive Culture

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Slumdogs & Millionaires: The Gospel & Social Engagement in India Today

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Surprised By Grace: The Overlooked Foundation of the Letter of James

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Technology & the Shaping of the Imagination

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The Role of the Psalms in Transforming Seniors into Elders

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Signature Repechage® Dry Brush

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Provides gentle exfoliation and prepares body for depilation

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    This English style, strap-back brush has a kiln-dried hardwood oval brush block filled with densely packed, high-grade natural boar bristles.

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by RestonNow.com — March 31, 2017 at 2:45 pm 4 Comments

April is here and the springtime festivities are right around the corner.

There is always a lot to do in Reston and the surrounding area, and this weekend is no exception. Kids and adults alike have plenty of options for fun as we welcome the calendar’s fourth month.

Here are just some ideas for what to do in the Reston area this weekend:

  • Reston Community Center’s annual “Eggnormous” Easter egg hunt is Saturday from 10-11:30 a.m. at Lake Fairfax Park (1400 Lake Fairfax Way). The free event is sure to be a big hit for all the kids. For more information, visit the Reston Community Center website.
  • Also at Lake Fairfax Park on Saturday, volunteers are sought to help clean up the watershed. The event, one of nine at parks around the county, is set for 9-11:30 a.m.
  • Dogs will be the guests of honor Saturday during the “Wag Fest” celebration in Reston. The event, set for 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., will be at the North County Governmental Center (1801 Cameron Glen Drive).
  • The last two performances of Reston Community Players’ “Rock of Ages” will be tonight and Saturday at 8 p.m. at CenterStage (2310 Colts Neck Road). Tickets for each performance of the show are $25.
  • Reston Town Center will be host to an MS Walk on Sunday beginning at 9 a.m., with registration starting at 8.
  • The annual April Fool’s Day prank at Reston Town Center will be taking place all-day Saturday at Fountain Square.
  • Other events at Reston Town Center this weekend include the Rings for Spring bridal event, Easter egg decorating at Williams-Sonoma, kids’ cooking class at Il Fornaio and more.
  • The A Bridal Show will also be taking place in Reston this weekend, Sunday at the Bechtel Conference Center (1801 Alexander Bell Drive).
  • The Tidewater Guitar Quartet will play Sunday at 4 p.m. at ArtSpace Herndon (750 Center St.). Tickets are $20.
  • The children’s book sale at Reston Regional Library (11925 Bowman Towne Drive) will be from 1-4 p.m. Sunday.
  • The Friends of Reston’s Environmental Film Series will show “Hometown Habitat” tonight from 7-9 p.m. at Walker Nature Center (11450 Glade Drive).
  • Kalypso’s (1617 Washington Plaza N.) will have live music tonight, 9:30 p.m. to 1:30 a.m., from Innertwined. DJ Kram will play Top 40 hits Saturday night.

by Dave Emke — March 27, 2017 at 4:00 pm 4 Comments

Fears of area residents about a septage receiving site coming to Hunter Mill Road have officially been flushed.

The Fairfax County Department of Public Works and Environmental Services announced today that it has decided to permanently close the failing Colvin Run Septage Receiving Facility off Route 7 in Great Falls. However, it will not build a new site to replace it.

The most suitable proposed site for a replacement facility, the county had said, was on Hunter Mill Road at Lake Fairfax Park.

“I am pleased the County worked with the community in addressing the various concerns/comments and worked out a solution that is both a win/win for the community, the Department of Public Works and Environmental Services and the haulers,” Hunter Mill District Supervisor Cathy Hudgins said in a media alert Monday announcing the county’s decision.

The county began examining its septage receiving sites in October 2014. It was determined the aging Colvin Run facility was no longer satisfactory, and it was eventually closed in June of last year due to safety concerns. Since then, haulers transporting septic waste have rerouted to other facilities that accept Fairfax County septage.

In the process, the county has determined that it will be much more cost-effective to allow the waste to continue to be hauled elsewhere instead of constructing a new facility.

“The high costs of purchasing property and constructing a new facility makes it impractical to recover expenditures through reasonable service fees. Further, the alternative disposal options for county-generated septage which were instituted during the temporary closure of the Colvin Run Facility (including options at the Noman M. Cole Pollution Control Plant, the Upper Occoquan Service Authority facility, and D.C. Water’s Blue Plains facility) have worked effectively and will be able to meet future needs.”

Septage is collected from the 21,000 Fairfax County homes that do not have public sewer service. It also comes from portable restrooms at parks and public events, as well as from grease traps at restaurants.

The site on Hunter Mill Road, one of six proposed by the county, was near the Fairfax County Park Authority’s Area 6 Park Operations/Lake Fairfax Maintenance area — an isolated, employee-only part of the park. A public hearing on the proposal last February in Reston drew heated contention.

Concerns of residents included not just the possibility of odor, but also flood potential and increased truck traffic over Hunter Mill Road’s one-lane bridge.

Photo of closed Colvin Run facility courtesy Fairfax County

by RestonNow.com — March 20, 2017 at 4:00 pm 1 Comment

Lake Fairfax/Fairfax County Park AuthorityThe Fairfax County Park Authority is looking for 30 volunteers to assist in a watershed cleanup event at Lake Fairfax Park.

The event at Lake Fairfax Park is one of nine around the county scheduled for 9-11:30 a.m. April 1. The cleanup effort is a partnership between the Park Authority and The Nature Conservancy to attempt to prevent trash from reaching the Chesapeake Bay, the nation’s largest estuary.

Snacks, giveaways and other incentives will be offered to volunteers.

For more details or to register, visit the Fairfax County Park Authority website.

Photo via Fairfax County Park Authority

by Dave Emke — March 20, 2017 at 2:45 pm 0

2016 Easter Egg Hunt/Reston Community CenterIt’s been a relatively mild winter, but the first day of spring still brings with it thoughts of certain activities. For kids, there’s no doubt one of those activities is the Easter egg hunt.

Reston Community Center will put on the community’s annual egg hunt at Lake Fairfax Park on Saturday, April 1. (Due to a park scheduling conflict, this is a change from the originally announced date of April 8.)

Debbie Heron, RCC’s youth program director, says about 10,000 eggs will be dropped for the event, which is a hit for families and RCC staff alike.

“It’s one of the few free egg hunts that still exists,” she said. “We get a very nice showing of patrons and people in the community. … We love it. It’s great. It’s one of our favorite events.”

Lake Fairfax Park (1400 Lake Fairfax Way) is a new location for the event, which has been held in recent years at Brown’s Chapel Park. Heron said Lake Fairfax Park provides bigger grounds with more room for parking.

“We change every several years, but if this works out really well, we’ll probably stay for the long term,” she said.

Heron said several hundred children ages 8 and under are expected to participate in the hunt, and they will separated into four different age groups. The event will also include moon bounces, a strolling magician and more fun for kids.

The event is scheduled for 10-11:30 a.m. Saturday, April 1. The egg hunt itself will start at 10:30 a.m. sharp.

For more information about the egg hunt or other upcoming youth-oriented events from Reston Community Center, contact Heron at 703-390-6163.

Photo courtesy Reston Community Center

by Dave Emke — March 17, 2017 at 10:15 am 0

Lake Fairfax Park construction work

Stream restoration at Lake Fairfax Park continues; however, the Lake Fairfax Drive bridge to the upper section of the park has been reopened to visitors.

Park visitors who use the bridge are being urged by park officials to exercise caution, as the active construction zone remains.

According to a press release from the Fairfax County Park Authority:

“Heavy construction trucks will be entering and leaving Lake Fairfax Park Monday through Saturday, and all posted signage must be obeyed. The contractor also may use flagmen to direct traffic flow. If there is any serious disregard of the posted traffic signage in the construction zone, facilities at the back of Lake Fairfax could be closed again until deemed safe to reopen.”

The stream restoration project will restore 1,700 feet of Colvin Run below the Lake Fairfax dam, and almost 500 feet of tributaries. It will also provide better access to the stream for recreation and environmental education but protect banks from excessive foot traffic that can kill vegetation and cause erosion, according to park officials.

Americans with Disabilities Act improvements also continue at a park restroom and a bathhouse.

Visitors are encouraged to contact Lake Fairfax Park (703-471-5415) prior to visiting to be certain facilities are available to the public.

by Karen Goff — October 5, 2016 at 4:30 pm 0

Pumpkins/Wikipedia CommonsLake Fairfax Park is ready for tots to enjoy some Halloween fun at the Preschool Pumpkins in the Park Festival on Oct. 15.

There will be outdoor activities and food to enjoy from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.

No pumpkin festival would be complete without a pumpkin to take home. Get a pumpkin with your $7 admission. Don’t want a pumpkin? The cost is $4 per person.

Register in advance on the Lake Fairfax Park website.

by Karen Goff — September 19, 2016 at 11:30 am 0

Rendering of Lake Fairfax Bike Track/Credit: Fairfax County

Reston’s Lake Fairfax Park is about to get a new outdoor amenity: a pump bike track near the Lake Fairfax soccer fields.

A pump track is a continuous loop of dirt berms and “rollers” (smooth dirt mounds) that you ride without pedaling. The name comes from the pumping motion used by the rider’s upper and lower body as he or she rides around the track, say Fairfax County Park Authority officials.

Pump tracks are suitable for cyclists of all ages and skill levels, and almost any bicycle will work, including BMX bikes, mountain bikes, and kids bikes.

The pump track is being built by MORE (Mid-Atlantic Mountain Biking Enthusiasts).  Funding for the project was provided through a grant from PeopleForBikes.org and donations raised from The Bike Lane, The Bike Lane Race Team, and the Capital ‘Cross Classic.

Lake Fairfax will hold a ribbon cutting for the track on Oct. 8.

There are some other improvements heading to the park:

Stream Restoration — A new pedestrian bridge is scheduled for construction as part of the Colvin Run restoration project now underway.

This project will restore 1,700 feet of Colvin Run below the Lake Fairfax dam, and almost 500 feet of tributaries. It will also provide better access to the stream for recreation and environmental education but protect banks from excessive foot traffic that can kill vegetation and cause erosion.

Project construction is scheduled to run from Sept. 16, 2016 to May 26, 2017. During this time the stream below the lake dam will be fenced off. Road and bridge construction will require Lake Fairfax Drive across Colvin Run below the dam to be closed from Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 2017.

Campground Improvements: Lake Fairfax’s campground is getting a new bathhouse that meets modern-day standards for efficiency and accessibility. The restroom near the picnic area is also being replaced.

The current bathhouse closed Aug. 15 and will reopen on May 26, 2017. The picnic area restroom is also now closed and will reopen in May 2017.

by Karen Goff — September 8, 2016 at 11:30 am 1 Comment

Water Mine Dog DaysLake Fairfax Park’s Water Mine Family Swimmin’ Hole will have a dogs-only swimming event to end the 2016 season on Sunday.

Here is what you (and Fido) need to know about Dog Daze at The Water Mine:

The Water Mine will be open for dogs from 1 to 4 p.m. on Sept. 11. Suggested admission is $5 per dog. Proceeds will benefit the Fairfax County Animal Shelter.

Dogs will be able to splash and swim for the first time in the park’s Rattlesnake River.

Some rules:

All dog handlers must be 18 years or older and supervise dogs at all times – and no humans are allowed in the water.

All dogs must be current on vaccinations.

No female dogs in heat, puppies less than 3 months old, or aggressive, unruly dogs will be permitted.

Owners are responsible for cleaning up after their dogs (waste disposal bags will be provided).

The Water Mine Family Swimmin’ Hole at Lake Fairfax is located at 1400 Lake Fairfax Drive in Reston. For more information, visit The Water Mine’s website or call 703-471-5415.

by Karen Goff — August 8, 2016 at 2:30 pm 7 Comments

DONS JOHNS Fairfax County will embark on a new search for a septage site in an effort to find an ideal dumping ground for waste in this part of the county.

Fairfax County announced in February that it wanted to move one of two county septic tank dumping sites from Colvin Run in Great Falls to Lake Fairfax Maintenance Area 6, a parcel on the Reston/Vienna line owned by the park authority.

The Colvin Run site, which is currently closed for nearby construction, has been used by sewage haulers since 1970. The facility is outdated, in a flood plain, smells and is poorly equipped to handle truck turnaround, county officials said.

Last winter, officials said it looked at six county sites, and found the Lake Fairfax one the only suitable one.

The proposed move did not sit well with area residents, who spoke up at a contentious community meeting. They told county Department of Public Works and Environmental Services (DPWES) and consultants from Hazen and Sawyer that the Lake Fairfax spot, located near Hunter Mill Road’s one-lane bridge, was a poor choice because of proximity to homes, increased traffic on a country road and environmental hazards.

by Karen Goff — May 25, 2016 at 4:30 pm 1 Comment

New Water Mine slide/Credit: Fairfax County Park AuthorityLake Fairfax Park’s The Water Mine Family Swimmin’ Hole opens for the season Saturday with some new features as part of it’s recent $5.5 million renovation.

New this year: Private family cabanas and umbrellas that you can reserve in advance. Some of the canopies can accommodate groups of 40-150 people. Rental fees range from $39 for a “funbrella” to $59 for a six-person umbrella to $300 for the 150-person party tent.

Visit The Water Mine’s website to learn more.

The Water Mine, which is run by the Fairfax County Park Authority, completed most of its renovations late last summer. The star attraction is a big, new slide tower with three chutes.

Other improvements include the individual cabanas; improved shaded seating areas in the grass area around the Water Mine; an additional play structure in the spray ground; and space for mobile food vendors.

Old favorites remain. Among them: the Rattlesnake River, a 725-foot lazy river feature, and Tenderfoot Pond, a zero-depth entry water play area for young patrons.

2016 prices:

  • $15.95 – Over 48″ tall – weekends and holidays
  • $14.85 – Over 48″ tall – Monday through Friday (except holidays)
  • $12.25 – Under 48″ tall
  • $9 – After 5 p.m. Monday through Friday (except holidays) Not available in August/September
  • Free – 2 years old and younger
  • Group Rates
  • Season Pass

Photo: New slides at The Water Mine

by Karen Goff — April 12, 2016 at 1:30 pm 15 Comments

North American Water Snake/Courtesy Fairfax County Park AuthorityUpdate: The Park Authority says the event has been cancelled.

Fairfax County needs your help to hunt and document snakes.

The county is conducting a survey of the “aggressive but misunderstood” water snakes that inhabit Reston’s Lake Fairfax Park.

From the Fairfax County Park Authority:

Water snakes get their name because they enjoy the water, but these non-venous reptiles have a bad rap because they are often confused with the dangerous water moccasin that has a similar look. Search with a naturalist for non-venomous water snakes and help to document their size, gender and location.

Here is what you need to know:

The count is Thursday, April 14 from 7 to 8 p.m.

Ages 8 through adults are invited to participate.

The cost is $6. Sign up online or call 703-471-5414.

Photo of North American water snake courtesy Fairfax County Park Authority.

by Karen Goff — April 12, 2016 at 11:30 am 0

Pirate Fest Boat on Lake Fairfax/Courtesy FCPATickets are going fast for Saturday’s Pirate Fest at Lake Fairfax Park in Reston.

The annual festival, which runs from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., celebrates Virginia’s seafaring and port trading past.

Activities include:

  • Sea chantey sing alongs, tavern tunes and pirate ditties.
  • Learn nautical skills and experience the life of a sailor as you make your way around the port town.
  • Wear your most dashing pirate clothes and enter our costume contest.
  • Pirate-themed treasures to purchase.

Author Robert Prather will discuss his book The Strange Case of Jonathan Swift and the Real Long John Silver. Prather says recent discoveries indicate that Treasure Island’s notorious Long John Silver may have been based on the real-world exploits of legendary pirate and silver miner Jonathan Swift, who once lived in Alexandria, VA and who may have owned the land that Lake Fairfax Park now occupies.

Tickets are $10 available online.

There are a couple of add-ons to the main event for 2016, says the Fairfax County Park Authority.

A pirate boat ride on Lake Fairfax. Boat rides are $4 with festival admission. These tickets sell fast, so purchase in advance if you are considering the boat ride. Boat rides run every 20 minutes.

New this year: a Pirate Fest Feast at 5 p.m. $10

O’Sullivan’s Irish Pub of Herndon will provide a hearty pirate meal at the lakeside pavilion. Tickets cost $10 per person. Make reservations and pay in advance online.

Pirate Fest at Lake Fairfax/file photo

by Karen Goff — February 19, 2016 at 2:30 pm 10 Comments

Keep the poop out of the parkland and off of Hunter Mill Road.

That was the sentiment — if not the exact phrasing — of dozens of citizens who attended a community meeting with Hunter Mill Supervisor Cathy Hudgins in Reston on Thursday.

At issue is the county’s proposal to relocate a Septage Receiving Site from Colvin Run in Great Falls a few miles away to the Fairfax County Park Authority’s Maintenance Area 6, located off of Hunter Mill Road on the Reston-Vienna line.

The Colvin Run site, one of two septage receiving sites in Fairfax County, collects waste from septic tanks at homes not hooked into public sewer lines. In this part of the county, most of those homes are in Great Falls and Oakton. Overall, 21,000 Fairfax County homes do not have public sewer service, says a feasibility report on the potential move. (more…)

by Karen Goff — February 17, 2016 at 4:30 pm 1 Comment

Map of Proposed Septage Site/Courtesy Fairfax CountyReston-area residents will have a chance to get more details about a septic waste receiving site that county officials are planning for Lake Fairfax Park land.

The current county dumping site is located on Colvin Run Road in Great Falls. Tank trucks deliver sewage from homes not tapped into the county sewer system — mostly ones on acreage in Great Falls and Oakton — and grease from area restaurants to the facility.

However the facility is outdated, has a flooding risk and other issues, says Fairfax County Park Authority Chair Bill Bouie.

The community meeting is at 7:30 p.m. Thursday at Bechtel’s Conference Center, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston. Hunter Mill Supervisor Cathy Hudgins is expected to provide more information and answer questions.

Fairfax County’s Department of Public Works and Environmental Services briefed park authority officials last week on its Septage Receiving Site Feasibility Study that found several reasons to move to a new site in Reston.

The county is proposing a secure, modern, odor-controlled facility off Hunter Mill Road. It is important to have the new plant located off a major road to minimize the impact on traffic, county officials said.

While the proposed new site is on park land, it is not in a part of Lake Fairfax Park that is accessible to citizens, said Bouie.

The Park Authority’s Area 6 Park Operations / Lake Fairfax Maintenance area is located in an isolated, employee-only part of the park. The septage facility would be heavily screened by trees and is not in a floodplain, according to the county’s proposal.

by Karen Goff — October 20, 2015 at 8:50 am 6 Comments

Chinook Helicopter/WikimediaIf you look into the sky on Tuesday and see a large Chinook helicopter, don’t be alarmed.

The Fairfax County Park Authority says the Chinook and associated crews will be taking part in a rescue training exercise at Lake Fairfax Park from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.

The Chinook is a large helicopter mostly used in the United States by the military for troop movement and supplies.

The park authority says Fairfax County Fire and Rescue is participating with Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in a mock deployment to neighboring state locations. Deployment requires a Landing Zone for a C-47 (Chinook Helicopter) to deploy a Pennsylvania swift water team supported by National Guard in the Fairfax County area.

Photo: Chinook/Wikimedia

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Stargardt disease

Stargardt macular dystrophy is an inherited eye condition that affects your macula, which is a tiny part of the retina, the light sensitive film at the back of your eye.

Stargardt macular dystrophy causes a reduction in your central, or detailed, vision. This is the vision you use when looking directly at something. Stargardt macular dystrophy doesn't usually affect your peripheral vision which is your side vision.

The macula

The macula is found at the centre of your retina and is where the incoming rays of light are focused. This area has a concentration of cone cells which are the cells that sense light.

The macula is very important and is responsible for:

  • what you see straight in front of you
  • the vision you need for detailed activities such as reading and writing
  • and your ability to appreciate colour.

How does Stargardt disease affect your sight?

Stargardt disease is sometimes called a juvenile macular dystrophy as it can first appear between the ages of 10 to 20. However, Startgardt disease can also begin later than this.

At first Stargardt disease will make your vision unclear and then sometimes distorted or blurred. You may have problems with your central, detailed vision and possibly colour perception. If you have had Stargardt disease for a number of years then you may have a blank patch in the centre of your vision. This blank patch will not move and will always be in the very centre of your field of vision.

Stargardt disease does not usually affect other parts of your retina so does not normally affect peripheral or side vision. Since you use your peripheral vision when you are moving around, most people with Stargardt disease can manage to keep getting out and about on their own.

Stargardt disease can also cause problems such as glare and difficulties adapting to changing light conditions.

How does Stargardt disease affect the eye?

Stargardt disease causes changes to the macula area of your retina. When the ophthalmologist or eye doctor looks into your eye to examine your retina they may notice differences which can help them to diagnose the condition.

In Stargardt disease there are yellowish flecks which often surround your macula. These are very characteristic of Stargardt disease. As your macula becomes damaged there is also an oval lesion which is often referred to as "beaten bronze" in appearance within your macular area. This tends to change over time and reflects the damage to your macula.

Sometimes people have just these flecks without the macular lesion. In the past people who just had the yellow flecks used to be diagnosed with fundus flavimaculatus. However, researchers believe that these two problems, the macular lesion and the yellow flecks, are different expressions of the same genetic problem.

It would seem that some people with fundus flavimaculatus can develop more severe sight problems than people with more classic forms of Stargardt disease.

What causes Stargardt disease?

It had been recognised for a long time that Stargardt disease is an inherited condition that is caused by a mistake in one of our genes. Recently, the gene responsible for most cases of Stargardt disease has been identified. When genes are identified they are given names usually made up of numbers and letters. The gene responsible for most cases of Stargardt disease is named ABCA4.

What are genes?

All genes come in pairs and you inherit one of each pair from your mother and one of each pair from your father. Your genes determine the many things which make you an individual such as hair or eye colour. There are a number of ways a genetic condition can be passed through genes to individuals. Stargardt disease is inherited as what is called a recessive condition.

Recessive genetic conditions

In a recessive condition, like Stargardt disease, an individual inherits two faulty copies of a gene - one from each parent. Therefore both parents have to carry a faulty copy. Since a parent carries one normal and one faulty copy they are termed carriers of the faulty gene. For parents who are not affected by the condition, the normal copy compensates for the presence of the single faulty copy. If you inherit both faulty copies of the gene, then you will develop the genetic condition, in this case Stargardt disease.

Stargardt disease has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance in almost all cases. When two people who carry a faulty ABCA4 gene, both pass their faulty copy to one of their children then that child will have Stargardt disease. Most people who have Stargardt disease have parents who don't have the condition. This means that Stargardt disease often occurs in families that have no history of the disease in the past.

It is highly unlikely that if you have Stargardt disease that you will have a child who is affected by the condition as your partner will be unlikely to be a carrier of the "faulty" gene. Therefore most people with Stargardt disease have children with normal vision who are carriers of a faulty ABCA4 gene.

For more information on genetics and how Stargardt disease is passed through families you may want to speak to your GP about a referral to a Genetic Unit. You may also wish to contact the Genetic Alliance for more information. Their address is listed below.

Are there any treatments for Stargardt disease?

Unfortunately, at the moment there are no treatments for Stargardt disease. Research and developments into gene therapy and stem cells is very active and it is hoped that this may lead to treatments becoming available at some stage in the future.

Researchers have reported that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light may theoretically cause further retinal damage. Therefore it may be sensible to wear sunglasses with UV protection, that conform to European Standard, and a hat with a wide brim to protect you from the sun's damaging ultraviolet rays.

Being diagnosed with an eye condition can be very upsetting. You may find that you are worried about the future and how you will manage with a change in your vision. All these feelings are natural.

Some people may want to talk over some of these feelings with someone outside their circle of friends or family. RNIB can help, with our telephone Helpline and our Emotional Support Service. Your GP or social worker may also be able to help you find a counsellor if you think this would help you.

The Macular Society has local groups which meet throughout the country and also offer a telephone counselling service. Sometimes it can help to talk about your feelings or share your experience with people who may have had similar experiences.

Help to see things better

Stargardt disease can cause severe problems with your central vision. However, most people with the condition retain important aspects of their vision; there are a lot of things you can do to make the most of this remaining vision. This may mean making things bigger, using brighter lighting, or using colour to make things easier to see.

Ask your ophthalmologist, optometrist or GP about low vision aids, like a magnifier, and ask for a referral to your local low vision service. You should also ask whether you are eligible to register as "sight impaired" (partially sighted) or "severely sight impaired" (blind). Registration can act as your "passport" to expert help and sometimes to financial concessions. Even if you aren't registered a lot of this support is still available to you.

Local social services should also be able to offer you information on staying safe in your home and getting out and about safely. They should also be able to offer you some practical mobility training to give you more confidence when you are out.
Our Helpline can also give you information about the low vision services available, schooling, work and employment, and our website offers lots of practical information about adapting to changes in your vision and products that make everyday tasks easier.

What next

Talk to someone

The RNIB Helpline is your direct line to the support, advice and products you need. We'll help you to find out what's available in your area and beyond, both from RNIB and other organisations. Whether you want to know more about your eye condition, buy a product from our shop, join our library, find out about possible benefit entitlements, be put in touch with a trained counsellor, or make a general enquiry, we're only a call away.

RNIB Helpline
Tel: 0303 123 9999
We are ready to answer your call Monday to Friday 8.45am to 5.30pm.

Unfortunately, RNIB can only answer email enquiries from the UK.

Get information

Our pages on information for everyday living offer ideas for people with sight problems on making life easier and ways of getting the most out of life.

Useful contacts

Advice and training in making maximum use of peripheral vision will enable sufferers to access useful function and thus improve visual ability. For these reasons it is important to seek referral to a low vision service.

Macular Society
PO Box 1870
SP10 9AD
Tel: 0300 3030 111
The Macular Society is a self help group for individuals who are affected by eye conditions relating to the macula. The society is a source of information and support.

Genetic Alliance UK
Unit 4D, Leroy House
436 Essex Road
N1 3QP
Tel: 0207 704 3141
Genetic Alliance UK is the national charity of over 130 patient organisations, supporting all those affected by genetic conditions.

Queen Alexandra College
Court Oak Road
B17 9TG
Tel: 0121 428 5038
LOOK is an organization, which seeks to identify sight-related support groups and put parents in contact with relevant services.

About this guide

Updated December 2012
Eye Health Information Service
Eye Health Information Disclaimer

Your feedback

What do you think of this eye condition page? Is it useful, easy to read and detailed enough - or could we improve it? Send your comments about this page to

For all other RNIB enquiries or comments please email or call 0303 123 9999.

We're here to help

Our Helpline is your direct line to the support, advice, and products you need to face the future with confidence. If you or someone you know has a sight problem, our specialist advice workers can help.

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Jack Loveless


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