text:
Gerrity Insurance Agency
Gerrity Insurance Agency

Welcome to the DBE in Pennsylvania

Were you born in the British Commonwealth?

Were your ancestors born in the British Commonwealth?

Was your spouse/partner or his/her grandparents born in the British Commonwealth?

Are you a naturalized British or Commonwealth subject?

If you answered YES to any of these questions, the Daughters of the British Empire in Pennsylvania invites you to meet other dynamic women, who like to have fun while doing for others less fortunate than themselves We are a nationwide philanthropic organization, 4,000 strong, which raises money to support charities across the United States.

The Eastern District of the DBE supports Victoria Home, where each elderly resident is treated with compassion and respect.  The organization also works to promote harmony and understanding among English-speaking peoples.

You will find many DBE women working in full-time professional capacities as well as volunteering in libraries, hospitals, historical societies, churches and schools.  Twenty percent of monies the DBE raises is allocated to local charities of the chapters’ choice while the rest is sent to the district home.

DBE women enjoy many social activities together, and have numerous occasions to celebrate their roots with the other heritage societies in the Philadelphia region.

To find a Pennsylvania chapter near you, click HERE.

DBE In Pennsylvania

For Membership Enquiries:

For Website Content:

Get Social

Connect with us on Facebook to learn about upcoming projects and volunteer opportunities.

Victoria Home Donations

Click here to learn more about supporting our mission.

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© Daughters of the British Empire in Pennsylvania


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Fan News

Arrow: Seven Seasons In, Ollie's Story Continues to Surprise

Arrow: Seven Seasons In, Ollie's Story Continues to...

By Tim Beedle Tuesday, December 4th, 2018

Welcome to the Couch Club, our weekly column devoted to all things #DCTV! This week, Tim Beedle weighs in on last night's Arrow reveal, and how it's another example of the way this season's risks have been yielding big rewards.

Yes, I know this is the second straight week we’ve discussed Arrow here in Couch Club, and the third time over the past month. Yes, I know that we have five other #DCTV shows airing right now, all of which are worthy of columns. But c’mon…how can we let an episode like that pass us by without writing about it?

Actually, how can we let a pair of episodes like that pass? Last week’s hour, “The Slabside Redemption,” was one of the best episodes of the show that I’ve ever seen. It brought the Ollie-in-prison storyline to a spectacular close, and it was followed up by last night’s episode, “Unmasked,” which proved to have double meaning as it was the first time Ollie suited up without his mask since he first started wearing it back in season two AND gave us our first look at the new Green Arrow out of her mask.

A Green Arrow that happened to be none other than Emiko Queen. But more on that later.

Serialized network TV doesn’t always reward risk. While ongoing storylines and unexpected cliffhangers may help keep viewers returning season after season and provide some great fodder for office watercoolers, shows generally don’t want them to change the status quo TOO much and risk turning off viewers. (If you have any doubts, just think back to when Diggle put on the mask and became Green Arrow for a few episodes. Fans were freaking out, and that twist barely lasted a month.) So, it was fairly surprising to see Arrow keep Ollie in prison for the first third of the season. Suddenly, we had a superhero show without a real superhero. (You obviously had the new Green Arrow, but she was very much in the background.) Ollie was locked up and the rest of the team had essentially gone to ground. Rene suited up once and got himself arrested by one of his closest friends for his trouble.

All of that’s pretty gutsy when you think about it. But it was a risk that proved to be well worth taking, particularly at this stage in the show’s lifespan. Arrow is in its seventh season, and it’s rare for a show which has been on for the better part of a decade to still be able to surprise. But it turns out that stripping the show of what it had depended on for the past few seasons—its superhero team dynamic—allowed the writers and actors to mine intriguing new corners of the characters and their world.

With Ollie in prison, he was once again reminded that absolute justice really doesn’t exist. Sure, most of the people in Slabside probably deserved to be there, but the corruption that existed among the guards meant that some inmates fared far better than others. Plus, did anyone deserve to be put through the sketchy stuff that was happening on Level Two? That got into some real Clockwork Orange territory—cruel and unusual punishment disguised as innovative psychological rehabilitation. (By the way, I couldn’t have been the only geeky TV fan who half expected Ollie to look at Dr. Parker and shout, “THERE ARE FOUR LIGHTS!” near the end of episode five, right?)

Beyond the punishment itself, Ollie found himself fighting alongside one of his former enemies—someone who was directly responsible for the death of people close to him—and also learned that true evil often lurks in surprising places. (Something tells me we haven’t seen the last of Stanley.) As Bronze Tiger said in “The Slabside Redemption,” Ollie’s world has become far less black and white over the years, and the time he spent in prison is only likely to further cement that worldview.

And you know what else will probably add to all those shades of grey? Emiko Queen.

Yes, while we might not have heard the name in last night’s episode, comic book fans know that the new Green Arrow is none other than Emi, Ollie’s half-sister, who has been a staple of the Green Arrow comic book series since Jeff Lemire and Andrea Sorrentino’s groundbreaking run on the title back in 2013.

For anyone who doesn’t know, Emiko Queen was first introduced in Lemire and Sorrentino’s debut storyline, “The Kill Machine.” In the comics, she’s the daughter of Robert Queen and Shado—something that will almost certainly have to change in the show, since Shado died on Lian Yu and doesn’t seem to have known Ollie’s father. Emi was raised by a protégé of Robert’s named Komodo, who ultimately betrayed Robert and kidnapped Emiko. Emi at first viewed Komodo as a father figure, but turned against him when she discovered the truth, ultimately partnering up with Ollie and eventually becoming his sidekick, Red Arrow.

We’ll see what direction the show takes her over the months ahead—though considering how much Arrow seems to be drawing inspiration from Lemire and Sorrentino’s final storyline, “Broken,” one has to think it may offer a few hints (so it may be worth reading, if you never have). One thing that Emiko’s reveal is almost certain to do is cause Ollie to once again question how much he knew about his father. Clearly Emi isn’t Moira’s daughter, which suggests Robert was probably unfaithful. Considering that Slabside’s Dr. Parker already had Ollie questioning the motives of his father, will the existence of Emiko be the final nail in that coffin? And if it is, how will that affect Ollie’s relationship with his own son and wife? Let’s be real, those relationships don’t look so great right about now…and this season’s flash-forwards don’t exactly inspire confidence that they’ll turn out all right in the end.

Obviously, this is all speculation. But right now, we know that Ollie has a new lease on life, a new sister and a new approach to being the Green Arrow—working with the law instead of outside it. Yes, it looks like the show’s returning to its team dynamic and the superheroes are about to return (starting with next week’s Elseworlds-inspired crossover). But Arrow is still making key changes and taking big risks—and is all the better for it.

Arrow airs Mondays at 8 p.m. (7 p.m. CST) on The CW.

Tim Beedle writes about TV, movies, comics and culture for and is a regular contributor to the Couch Club, our weekly television column. You can find him on Twitter at @Tim_Beedle.

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2018 Nissan Rogue FWD S

Stock #98334

Deacon Jones Advantage Plan Retail Price

Savings Off MSRP

Sale Price
Get Price for this 2018 Nissan Rogue FWD S
Make an Offer
*Est. at 3.25% APR for 72 mos. w/ $2030 down
Fuel Efficient
Bluetooth Connectivity
Back-up Camera
Cruise Control
Vdp buttons valueyourtrade whiteVdp buttons texttomyphone whiteVdp buttons getpreapprovedVdp buttons notifypricedrop white

Available Specials

Fuel Efficiency Rating

City MPG
fuel efficiency rating
Highway MPG

Based on 2018 EPA mileage ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your mileage will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery-pack age/condition (if applicable), and other factors.

Vehicle Specifications

Type: NewYear: 2018
Make: NissanModel: Rogue
Trim: FWD SDoors: 4
Exterior: CASPIAN BLUEInterior: Charcoal
Stock Num: 98334Vin: KNMAT2MT7JP558349
Mileage: 5Fuel Economy: 26/33
Engine: 2.5L 4Transmission: cvt transmission
Fuel: GasDrive:
Model Code: 22118

Vehicle Features

4 Cylinder Engine4-Wheel ABS
4-Wheel Disc BrakesA/C
AM/FM StereoAdjustable Steering Wheel
Auto-Off HeadlightsBack-Up Camera
BluetoothBrake Assist
Bucket SeatsCD Player
Child Safety LocksCloth Seats
Compact Spare TireContinuously Variable Trans
Cruise ControlDaytime Running Lights
Driver Air BagDriver Vanity Mirror
Electronic Stability ControlFront Wheel Drive
Gasoline FuelIntermittent Wipers
Keyless EntryMP3 Player
Pass-Through Rear SeatPassenger Air Bag
Passenger Vanity MirrorPower Door Locks
Power Driver MirrorPower Steering
Power WindowsRear Defrost
Rear Head Air BagRear Spoiler
Remote Trunk ReleaseSatellite Radio
Side Head Air BagSteel Wheels
Steering Wheel ControlsTire Pressure Monitoring System
Tires - Front All-SeasonTires - Rear All-Season
Trip ComputerVariable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Vehicle Anti-Theft SystemWheel Covers
iPod/MP3 Input

CASPIAN BLUE exterior and Charcoal interior, S trim. CD Player, [L92] FLOOR MATS & 2-PC CARGO AREA PR... Back-Up Camera, Satellite Radio, Bluetooth, iPod/MP3 Input. EPA 33 MPG Hwy/26 MPG City! READ MORE!

Back-Up Camera, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, Bluetooth, CD Player Rear Spoiler, MP3 Player, Remote Trunk Release, Keyless Entry, Child Safety Locks.

Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Area Protector : 2-pc front and 2-pc 2nd row floor mats, First Aid Kit. Nissan S with CASPIAN BLUE exterior and Charcoal interior features a 4 Cylinder Engine with 170 HP at 6000 RPM*.

KBB.com's review says "Stylish both inside and out, the 2018 Nissan Rogue offers families and road-tripping adventurers exceptional comfort, space and value.". Great Gas Mileage: 33 MPG Hwy. Approx. Original Base Sticker Price: $27,400*.

NEW IN STOCK UNITS ONLY - MUST QUALIFY TO FINANCE WITH Nissan Motor Finance. Online pricing includes all available rebates. Online discounts apply to retail purchases, leases may vary. Sales tax, Title Fee, Registration Fee charges, and $599 Documentary fee are additional to the advertised price. We make every effort to have accurate pricing but occasionally mistakes occur.

Pricing analysis performed on 1/4/2019. Horsepower calculations based on trim engine configuration. Fuel economy calculations based on original manufacturer data for trim engine configuration. Please confirm the accuracy of the included equipment by calling us prior to purchase.

Standard Features

  • Head Airbags - front and rear
  • Passenger Airbag Deactivation - occupant sensing deactivation
  • Side Curtain Airbag Rollover Sensor - side-curtain airbag rollover sensor
  • Side Airbags - dual front
  • 2nd Row Center Seatbelt - 3-point belt
  • Spare Tire Mount Location - inside
  • Spare Tire Size - temporary

  • Rear Spoiler - rear spoiler
  • Exterior Camera - rear view camera
  • Overall Width Without Mirrors - 72.4
  • Wheelbase - 106.5
  • Minimum Ground Clearance - 7.8
  • Overall Length - 184.5
  • Overall Height - 66.3
  • 1st Row Vanity Mirrors - dual vanity mirrors
  • Exterior Mirror Adjustment - power

  • Number Of Driver Seat Manual Adjustments - 6
  • Height Adjustable Driver Seat - height adjustable
  • Number Of Passenger Seat Manual Adjustments - 4
  • Folding Passenger Seat - fold flat
  • External Temperature Gauge - external temperature display
  • Tire Pressure Monitoring System - tire pressure monitoring
  • Tachometer - tachometer
  • Trip Computer - trip computer
  • Clock - clock
  • Front Air Conditioning Zones - single
  • Front Air Conditioning - air conditioning
  • Rear Heat - rear ventilation ducts
  • Air Filtration - interior air filtration
" I had a very pleasant experience. The salesman showed me two cars and worked with me along his manager and the financial officer in getting me what payment and plans I needed for a car. I am a single lady and depend on the dealership on taking care of my car needs. Whatever my car needs I depend on the technicians. "
- Joy Lanier
" Overall experience was excellent. Friendly staff that was very detailed about the vehicle I purchased and the business transaction was quick. "
- Annette Hamm
" I would like to say from the time we walked in the door the customer service was awesome. Directed to Mr. Gerardo and he help us out, worked with us from beginning until end. Even after we were turned down by the company that we brought other vehicle from. We drove in on 2006 vehicle and rolled out on 2015 fully loaded. What a happy experience. I'm still in disbelief. Thanks to everyone that had a hand in this vehicle sale. I recommend you to everyone... "
- Deloris Ann Horne Strickland

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©  2019  3305 McLain St, Goldsboro, NC 27534
Sales: 1 (800) 693-9033
Service: 1 (800) 670-5189


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My Bag

Faith - Silver diamante 'Barkle' biker boots

Now £17.70
Save £41.30
Was £59.00 Then £29.50

Product description

Item No. 0680103741

From Faith, these biker boots will make the perfect update to your smart-casual footwear collection. Showcasing diamante embellishments for a contemporary finish, they feature secure lace fastenings for added appeal.

  • Lace fastening
  • Upper: Textile
  • Lining: Textile, man made materials
  • Sole: Man made materials

Good things come to those who join

Enjoy an EXTRA 10% OFF* when you open a Debenhams credit card
Apply now >

*T&Cs apply. Credit available to over 18s & subject to status. Provided by NewDay Ltd. UK only

Delivery options

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£3.49 or FREE on orders £50 or over
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£4.99- £9.99

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2 working days store delivery (order before 9pm)
£2.00 or FREE on orders £30 or over

International Delivery

Delivery to 66 countries from £5.00 or FREE on orders £50.00 or over

Free Returns

Subject to exceptions, Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. From 20th October 2018 items purchased online as gifts can be returned up until 31st January 2019. Please check here for more details on our returns policy and exceptions.

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text:
 Where to Fish: Lakes and Ponds - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation

Department of Environmental Conservation

D E C banner

Where to Fish: Lakes and Ponds

Lakes and ponds are a great place to start fishing. You can fish lakes and ponds from a shore or from a boat. You can fish in shallow or deep water, in open water, or near structure/cover. Depending on the lake or pond you are fishing, you can catch fish species like largemouth and smallmouth bass, pike, pickerel, walleye, perch, sunfish, rock bass, and trout.

Structure = Fish!

When you first get to a pond, look for "fishy" looking spots, such as a downed tree, lily pads, weed edges, or a dock. What do all these places have in common? They are all structure, and structure equals fish!

Structure provides shelter, shade, and cover (protection) for fish. Structure can also attract baitfish, and baitfish attract gamefish: the fish you want to catch. The formula is simple: find structure and you can find fish! Other types of structure are submerged objects, such as stumps, rocks and branches, overhanging trees and brush, points, coves and inlets.

Fish near Structure!

Most people begin fishing from the shoreline or from a small boat. In either case, you will likely be fishing near the shoreline. Therefore we will concentrate on structure on or near the shoreline.

Floating Weeds and Algae

graphic of lily pads with fish

Insects and other aquatic critters that live on and around lily pads, other floating plants and floating mats of algae always attract bait fish; and bait fish always attract bigger fish. Huge patches of lily pads can also create shade, which also attracts fish. Cast into the edges and openings. Otherwise you may tangle up your gear.

Weed Beds

Graphic of fish near a weedbed

Beds of weeds provide food and shelter for bait fish, which attract game fish. Look for weed beds that lead to deeper water, or look for sunken weed beds in deep, open water. Fish the edges of the weed bed. Fish like to cruise along the edge looking for food.

Downed Trees and Other Submerged Objects

Graphic of downed tree at waters edge

When most anglers see a sunken tree, they get an urge to fish near it? Why? Because it's a great place to fish! The branches and trunk provide cover, and many insects live on the wood. Insects attract baitfish and baitfish attract game fish. Enough said!

Other submerged objects to fish around are rocks, branches and stumps.

Grapic of a dock with fish hiding under it.

Have you ever walked on a dock and watched fish from it? The fish are there because a dock is great structure! Fish hide under docks to take shelter from the sun, so they are good to fish anytime of the day. Sometimes the biggest fish can be way under the dock, so don't just fish the edges.

Overhanging Trees

Graphic of overhanging tree at waters edge.

Overhanging trees provide cover from birds and shade. Insects often drop into the water from overhanging trees, providing food for fish. By providing both shelter and food, overhanging trees are a great spot for a fish to live. Huge fish can live under an overhanging tree just feet from the shoreline.

Brushy Shorelines

Graphic of fish near a brushy shoreline.

Brushy shorelines act the same as overhanging trees. They just don't stick out as far from the shoreline. Many fish will make their home under a brush within a foot or two from shore. The best brushy shorelines have at least a foot of water under them.

Graphic of a point with fish hanging on it.

A point extends out from the shoreline and slopes gradually down and into deeper water. It is a good place to fish. But a point with a quick drop-off or one that doesn't extend into deeper water isn't a good fishing place.

  • The sloping-out formation of a point creates a natural "highway" for fish to move from deep water to shallow water.
  • Fish travel from deeper water to shallow water in search of food.
  • Fish the tip of the point and the corners of the point (the part that curves back into the shore).

Graphic of an inlet into a lake or pond.

Most lakes and ponds are fed by a river or stream. These rivers and streams are called inlets. They are great places to fish because they carry food into the lake. Wherever there is food, there are fish!

Fish can also gather together near inlets before moving upstream to spawn. They can be excellent places to fish seasonally.

Places to Fish

Now that you know where to fish in a lake or pond, you might need a lake or pond to fish. Go to our Places to Fish pages to find places to fish.

Information where to fish on this page has been adapted from information found on takemefishing.org.


text:
Should you go for HTTPS? Or should you not? This is the dilemma that’s been plaguing SEOs and webmasters alike since Google called for “HTTPS everywhere” on the web in the June 2014 edition of Google I/O. A couple of months later, they put their money where their mouth was by declaring that HTTPS has been made a ranking signal.

And then came study upon study of whether HTTPS was truly beneficial to sites, especially in terms of ranking improvements. Because when Google throws bait, SEOs rush in to bite!

However, moving your site to HTTPS isn’t as simple as it sounds. It takes almost as much effort and due diligence as moving to a new domain. Moz conducted a poll soon after Google’s announcement on whether webmasters were planning to switch to HTTPS. The results were as follows:

So, are there real benefits that encourage webmasters, SEOs and businesses to take the plunge and switch their site to HTTPS? Or is the effort not worth the bother at all? Let’s take a closer look at the pros, cons and the future…

Riding the opportunities

HTTPS is not a different web protocol than HTTP. It is just a secure version of HTTP. However, its significance is understated by calling it “just a secure version.” HTTPS has 3 main advantages over HTTP:

  1. Authentication: Servers and browsers know for sure that whom they are talking to is really who they claim to be.
  2. Data Integrity: The data being transferred cannot be corrupted or tampered with.
  3. Encryption: Nobody can hack into or listen to the conversations (read, data transfers) taking place.

Apart from the security benefits, there does seem to be a small SEO benefit, as stated by Google. Brian Dean’s analysis of 1 million search results revealed a correlation between HTTPS usage and higher rankings in the SERPs:

Whilst there is a correlation, it should not be assumed that the pages on https protocols which rank highly, had previously ranked lower on http protocols. One could argue that the sites with the strongest ranking are the most likely to move first. This emphasizes the importance of comparing like to like. Hence, these results could also be considered as misconceiving and therefore should not be overvalued.

Historically, Google has not hesitated to use the carrot and stick approach to correct the state of the web. The infamous Panda and Penguin updates were aimed at reducing web spam, and wreaked havoc on low quality sites. Therefore, when they decided to make HTTPS a ranking signal in order to “make the Internet safer more broadly,” Google had a lot of precedent to live up to.

But while calling HTTPS a “lightweight ranking signal” Google also held out the carrot by saying “over time, we may decide to strengthen it.”

Therefore, it comes as no surprise that we at DeepCrawl found a growing trend in HTTPS adoption by the top sites. While the progress has been slow, it is unmistakably definite:

Major sites like Wikimedia and Reddit were quick to make the switch in the quest for a safer web. And their transitions were smooth – the internet didn’t come crashing down!

However, everyone wasn’t so lucky; Buffer faced an immediate, steep drop in traffic when they migrated to HTTPS:

John Mueller of Google later confirmed that it was a bug on their part, and traffic to Buffer was restored soon.

Overcoming the obstacles

It goes without saying that small and medium businesses might not have the resources nor help that Buffer had to contact Google directly, in case they had the misfortune of facing such issues. So is there a checklist that you should follow when migrating from HTTP to HTTPS? Any special cases or problems to watch out for? Plenty!

Start with Google’s basic instructions:

  • Decide the kind of certificate you need: single, multi-domain, or wildcard.
  • Use 2048-bit key certificates.
  • Use relative URLs for resources that reside on the same secure domain. Use protocol relative URLs for all other domains.
  • Check out the guidelines on how to change your website’s address.
  • Don’t block your HTTPS site from crawling using robots.txt.
  • Allow indexing of your pages by search engines where possible. Avoid the noindex robots meta tag.

Once you’re sure the fundamentals are in place, you need to be aware of the following pitfalls:

  • Remember to verify all the domain variants in Google Search Console.

*While you’re at it, don’t forget Bing Webmaster Tools.

  • Internal links, sitemaps, canonical tags, robots.txt and analytics tracking codes need to be updated to refer to HTTPS version.
  • If you have a disavow file, be sure to transfer any disavowed URLs into a duplicate file in your Search Console.
  • HTTPS runs slower than HTTP. That’s because there’s a small amount of CPU latency involved in the TLS handshake. However, it is simple to fix that.
  • All resources (JS, CSS, images) need to be on HTTPS. Fix all the hardcoded HTTP URIs in your content.
  • Use 301 to redirect URLs from HTTP to HTTPS. 302 redirects are not a clear enough signal that the site has moved to HTTPS. Avoid multiple redirects, especially redirect chains.
  • Also implement HSTS, which tells user agents to access the HTTPS version by default even when directed to an HTTP page. This gets rid of redirects, speeds up the response time, and adds extra security.
  • Your current data for ad networks, analytics and backlinks profile could be affected. You need to find custom solutions for these.
  • Social shares also need to be migrated/managed to retain social proof (only Facebook, Google +1 and LinkedIn shares transfer automatically, although this can still take weeks/months).

After you’re done with the migration, use this handy SSL server test and make sure your site gets at least an A.

Testing HTTP/ HTTPS with DeepCrawl

HTTPS can be very difficult to implement correctly and equally difficult to test. DeepCrawl includes six powerful reports to help you keep track and identify any HTTP/HTTPS issues.

  1. Pages with HTTP

What does this report contain?

You can quickly identify all pages including HTTP Scheme.

How can this report be used?

Pages using the HTTP scheme can be reviewed to understand if this is the desired format, and for consideration to move to HTTPS.

  1. Pages with HTTPS

What does this report contain?

All pages using the HTTPS scheme.

How can this report be used?

Pages using the HTTPS scheme are preferred over HTTP by Google, so these can be reviewed to determine if this is the desired URL format.

  1. HTTP resources on HTTPS pages

What does this report contain?

All HTTPS pages which include a reference to a script on an HTTP URL.

How can this report be used?

HTTP scripts on HTTPS pages will generate a browser error that makes the page inaccessible, and the page is not likely to be indexed in search engines. Not to mention that pop-up alerts saying you’ve landed on an insecure page, coupled with the green padlock in the browser appearing red, makes for a poor user experience and increases bounce rates. Therefore, scripts should be moved to HTTPS, or removal from the page.

Further we check out DeepCrawl for HSTS issues.

The future of HTTPS

While Google frequently tells us to “build for the user,” Rand Fishkin, in his presentation SEO in a Two Algorithm World, said that “The best SEOs have always optimized to where Google’s going.” And Google is unrelenting in its quest for a safer web with HTTPS, as well as other HTML and HTTP improvements that benefit user experience in the long run.
Foremost among these is the inevitable adoption of HTTP/2, which is the first major version featuring a significant improvement over conventional HTTP. What’s more, HTTP is based on SPDY, which is an open networking protocol developed primarily at Google for transporting web content. SPDY reduces page load latency while improving web security.
The main difference between HTTP and HTTP/2 is how they handle requests and responses. HTTP allows only one request per connection to the server at any one time, and therefore, browsers typically download external resources sequentially. This isn’t a problem on lighter pages, but as the number of requests adds up, loading a webpage will start to take longer and longer. HTTP/2 downloads many resources at the same time as well as prioritizes them. It also supports compressed HTTP headers and allows the server to “push” content.

Moving up to HTTP/2 is as simple as updating your site server software.

But how does all this relate to HTTPS and SEO? Three things.

1. Chrome, Firefox and other browsers only support HTTP/2 over TLS, i.e. HTTPS is mandatory if you want to switch to HTTP/2. Since HTTP/2 speeds up your page loading by 20% to 30%, that’s another ranking signal in your favor.

2. itself uses HTTP/2. So does You can see where this is going…

3. Googlebot doesn’t crawl HTTP/2 at the moment (it defaults back to HTTP/1.1) but that will change soon.

Parting thoughts

The final verdict we have for you is that if you’re developing a new site, definitely build it on HTTPS. For existing websites that run on HTTP, factor in a plan to switch to HTTPS when you’re planning your next redesign or site migration. It pays to have the infrastructure and migration strategy ready and chalked out to the last detail.


text:
What does Canada mean?

Definitions for Canada
ˈkæn ə dəCana·da

Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word Canada.

Princeton's WordNet

  1. Canada(noun)

    a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

    "the border between the United States and Canada is the longest unguarded border in the world"

  1. Canada(n.)

    A dry riverbed.

  2. Canada(n.)

    A country in North America, bordering the United States on the north. It is a federation which includes English-speaking provinces and the French-speaking Province of Quebec.

  1. Canada(ProperNoun)

    A country in North America; official name: Canada.

  2. Canada(ProperNoun)

    Lower Canada or Upper Canada, often "the Canadas". Also Canada East or Canada West.

  3. Origin: From the canada , meaning village or settlement. See "Name of Canada" on Wikipedia.

Webster Dictionary

  1. Canada(noun)

    a British province in North America, giving its name to various plants and animals

  2. Origin: [Sp.]

  1. Canada

    Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries. The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America to the United Kingdom in 1763 after the War of the Conquest, which was essentially the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy, culminating in the Canada Act 1982. Canada is a federal state governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. The country is officially bilingual and multicultural at the federal level, with a population of approximately 35 million as of 2013. Canada's advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks, especially with the United States, with which it has had a long and complex relationship.

Chambers 20th Century Dictionary

  1. Cañada

    kan′ya-da, n. a narrow cañon. [Sp.]

The Nuttall Encyclopedia

  1. Canada

    which with Newfoundland forms British North America, occupies the northern third of the continent, stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the United States to Alaska and the Arctic Ocean; nearly as large as Europe, it comprises a lofty and a lower tableland W. and E. of the Rocky Mountains, the peninsulas of Labrador and Nova Scotia, and between these a vast extent of prairie and undulating land, with rivers and lakes innumerable, many of them of enormous size and navigable, constituting the finest system of inland waterways in the world; the Rocky Mountains rise to 16,000 ft., but there are several gorges, through one of which the Canadian Pacific railroad runs; the chief rivers are the Fraser, Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, and St. Lawrence; Great Slave, Great Bear, Athabasca, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario are the largest lakes; the climate is varied, very cold in the north, very wet west of the Rockies, elsewhere drier than in Europe, with hot summers, long, cold, but bracing and exhilarating winters; the corn-growing land is practically inexhaustible; the finest wheat is grown without manure, year after year, in the rich soil of Manitoba, Athabasca, and the western prairie; the forests yield maple, oak, elm, pine, ash, and poplar in immense quantities, and steps are taken to prevent the wealth of timber ever being exhausted; gold, coal, iron, and copper are widely distributed, but as yet not much wrought; fisheries, both on the coasts and inland, are of great value; agriculture and forestry are the most important industries; the chief trade is done with England and the United States; the twelve provinces, Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, British Columbia, Manitoba, Keewatin, Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Athabasca, each with its own Parliament, are united under the Dominion Government; the Governor-General is the Viceroy of the Queen; the Dominion Parliament meets at Ottawa, the federal capital; nearly every province has its university, that of Toronto being the most important; the largest town is Montreal; Toronto, Quebec, Hamilton, and Halifax are all larger than the capital; taken possession of by France in 1534, settlement began at Quebec in 1608; by the treaty of Utrecht, 1703, Hudson Bay, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland passed to England; the rest of French territory was ceded to England in 1763; constituted at different times, the various provinces, except Newfoundland, were finally confederated in 1871.

U.S. National Library of Medicine

  1. Canada

    The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

Etymology and Origins

  1. Canada

    From the Indian kannatha, a village or collection of huts.

British National Corpus

  1. Spoken Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word 'Canada' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #3322

  1. Chaldean Numerology

    The numerical value of Canada in Chaldean Numerology is: 6

  2. Pythagorean Numerology

    The numerical value of Canada in Pythagorean Numerology is: 6

Examples of Canada in a Sentence

  1. Voltaire:

    Canada: A few acres of snow.

  2. Al Capone:

    I don't even know what street Canada is on.

  3. Unifor President Jerry Dias:

    I believe there is a made-in-Canada solution.

  4. Robert Field:

    American culture and ethics are not those of Canada.

  5. David Stein:

    Clearly, Canada will be an important part of the mix.

Images & Illustrations of Canada

  1. CanadaCanadaCanada

Popularity rank by frequency of use

Translations for Canada

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Interested in learning what luxury vinyl tile is made of? Or how to clean it properly? Find answers to those questions and more below.

Luxury Vinyl Tile

The first step before cleaning any flooring product is always to refer to your warranty guide or to contact your local Flooring America/Flooring Canada location to ask about cleaning your specific products. Thanks to the overall stain resistance capabilities of luxury vinyl, most spills and stains will wipe up quickly with a clean white cloth. When wiping up stains, turn the cloth frequently to prevent spreading the stain. Make sure to rinse with clean water and allow the area to dry. To prevent your floors from fading or discoloring, make sure you sweep regularly and always keep doormats at each entrance.

Proper maintenance will keep your floors shiny. For heavier cleaning, a manufacturer recommended cleaning solution can be used when mopping.

There are many different types of Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) flooring and as a result the materials they are made from can vary, but generally all LVT is made of layers which typically include a wear layer, an image layer, a core layer, and backing layer. The wear layer is typically made of polyurethane treated plastic or aluminum oxide which creates scratch and UV resistant surface. Below the wear layer is the image and texture layer where the desired look of the floor is printed on a textured surface designed to make it look and feel like the product it is imitating (e.g. wood, stone). Below the image layer is the core layer, which often will dictate the classification of the LVT product. Rigid core & Stone-poly composite (SPC) vinyl products have a hard, dense core that boast great durability but may be harder underfoot and may sound louder underfoot. Wood-poly composite (WPC) vinyl floors and flex-core vinyl floors boast softer, more cushioned cores that feel more comfortable underfoot but may not have the same durability as vinyl floors with harder cores. The backing layer will often be made from cork, fiberglass or foam depending on the application and the subfloor it is being installed over.


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Thunderstorms to hit Denmark as lightning threatens wildfires

Posted by On 6:55 AM

Thunderstorms to hit Denmark as lightning threatens wildfires

The risk of more wildfires breaking out in Denmark will increase on Saturday as looming thunderstorms may bring with them lightening that could easily ignite the countryâ€™s dried up forests and vegetation.

The cold front set to pass through Denmark has led Danish weather body DMI to issue a warning about the prospect of torrential rain, thunderstorms and strong gusts of wind.

This same meteorological cocktail is causing worry among rescue services in neighbouring Sweden, who for the past two weeks have been dealing with the worst breakout in wildfires in the countryâ€™s history.

â€œThe cold front will push the tropical heat Denmark has been experiencing to one side and bring in thunderstorms and around 15 millimeters of rain every half an hour,â€ explains DPI meteorologist Frank Nielsen.

The front is expected to hit Sydvestjylland late afternoon, then during the evening it will reach Jutland and Funen.

At around midnight the storm will reach Northern Jutland and Zealand.

The bad weather is expected to subside during Saturday night.

Photo: AFP

Many Danes have been enjoying the countryâ€™s recent spell of hot weather at the countryâ€™s beaches and harbours but authorities are warning swimmers to keep out of the water before the storm approaches.

â€œLightning can kill a person, even if it strikes 100 metres away,â€ Anders MyrhÃ¸j, head of operations at TrygFonden's Coastguard Service, told Danish news agency Ritzau.

â€œYou should hurry out of the water, even if the thunderstorm is some distance from the place where youâ€™re swimming.â€

Source: Google News Denmark | Netizen 24 Denmark

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Denver Emergency Preparedness Information on Ebola

The City and County of Denver is dedicated to ensuring the health and safety of residents and visitors to our city by continually working to identify, prepare and plan for potential outbreaks or emergencies.

While Colorado has no suspected or confirmed cases of Ebola and the risk of contracting Ebola is still very low, multiple agencies, including Denver’s Office of Emergency Management, Denver Environmental Health, Denver Public Health and Denver International Airport are working closely to monitor the spread of the disease, identify risks, and plan for the possibility of a case in the metro area.

This preparation includes closely following the guidance of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), distributing health information, identifying and reaching out to vulnerable populations and creating citywide emergency response plans to manage and contain the spread of a potential outbreak. Denver-area hospitals are also planning should a case occur.

Denver International Airport has been communicating closely with partners in  federal, state and local agencies, such as Denver Health and Customs and Border Protection. Since August, Customs and Border Protection has placed a health advisory message on the flight information display screens warning travelers about Ebola in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. The advisory recommends travelers seek medical attention if they have symptoms and to contact the CDC for additional information.  At this time, the airport has not been asked or directed to take any additional measures.

The Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security regularly conducts emergency management exercises with multiple agencies, including public health, safety and first responders, to prepare for incidents like this.

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) offers the Colorado Emergency Help Line (CO HELP ) to answer questions on this and other health-related issues. In the Denver area callers can use 303-389-1687. Outside of Denver, call 1-877-462-2911.


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Mayor Hancock and the Denver Sheriff Department Mark an Important Milestone in Reform

A Report to the Denver Community Released Outlines Next Steps to Embed Reform into the Department and Continually Improve Operations

DENVER – Mayor Michael B. Hancock and Executive Director of Public Safety Troy Riggs joined Sheriff Patrick Firman today to mark a major milestone of implementing nearly 400 recommendations to institute reform in the Denver Sheriff Department’s (DSD). A report to the community, termed Beyond Reform, was released today highlighting the reform efforts undertaken and outlining DSD’s transition into continuous process improvement.

The Mayor and safety officials thanked the Denver Sheriff Department employees and the numerous community members who worked to reach this major milestone.

“As a community, the Sheriff Department and the residents of this city, embarked on significant reformation that has set this department on a transformational path, and I am proud of the progress we have made together,” said Denver Mayor Michael B. Hancock. “This was no small feat and it will prove successful overtime as reform takes hold and a new culture is embedded into the department. The work is not over and we’re all in this together, moving forward together. Thank you to everyone that went above and beyond throughout this process and for the continued dedication to these efforts.”

Mayor Hancock ordered a review of the DSD in 2014, which resulted in over 400 recommendations for improvement. Today, the significant effort of reviewing, prioritizing, implementing and independently validating the recommendations is complete and the department is now focused on maintaining and instilling the reform. Only three recommendations associated with a multi-year software roll-out are pending.

There has been a tremendous amount of work put into implementing these changes and although there is still work to be done, it’s important that we take the time to acknowledge and celebrate what has been accomplished.

“I am extremely proud of the men and women of the DSD for their efforts to support reform implementation and for their continued serve to our community.  Without their hard work and dedication, none of this would be possible,” said Denver Sheriff Patrick Firman. “As we continue to evolve and move beyond reform into continuous improvement, we will utilize data to drive decisions as we continue to evaluate and modify our processes and procedures while fostering a safe and healthy environment within the DSD and the community we serve.”

The reform work touched every corner of the sheriff department, impacting its culture and organizational structure. Notably, the effort resulted in a new Use of Force (UOF) Policy centered on de-escalation; improved UOF reporting standards; enhanced training for staff including mandatory Crisis Intervention Training for all deputies; a new DSD employee wellness program; improved Internal Affairs processes; a new Data Science Unit; the creation of a citizen Sheriff Advisory Board; increased Denver Health mental health providers; and civilianization of various uniform positions.

“The reform process has been an enormous collaborative effort between the sheriff department, criminal justice stakeholders and community members,” said Executive Director of Public Safety Troy Riggs. “The work that transpired during the process helped establish a strong foundation from which the Sheriff and his team can continue to build upon the department’s progress and success.”

The Beyond Reform document is located here.


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Weiners And Drunks

Hard to believe but the weekend is over – and I’m back to work already. Last week was a long one, and this week will be even worse. We’re extremely busy at work right now and I’m just hoping to get through the next 7 days, after that we get back into a normal routine

Tuesday Quickie

This will be a quickie post. There’s nothing wrong with a quickie right? Especially on a Tuesday when you don’t want to deal with all that time-wasting clothes removal. First I wanted to thank all of you for being such AWESOME commenters. I have always said this: I have the best commenters anywhere on the

My Strange Addiction

I watch a lot of really crappy TV shows. One could say a shitload of crappy TV but would that be weirdly redundant? Either way I watch plenty. And this is not a complaint. I could do other things.. read books, surf the net for nudie pics, work on my blog. Note to self… Idea

From beneath….

Well this is awkward. I kinda feel like the family member who borrows a bunch of money, and then disappears for a few years, before showing up at a funeral or some shit. I’m not good with awkward conversation and platitudes, so we’ll gracefully move on and perhaps you’ll listen while I fill you in

It’s All About The Money

I’m writing this from the sanctuary of the bathroom today. My family keep assaulting me with hugs and love, and demands of my attention. Can’t a guy get some peace. My wife is on a crusade to find all our legal documents. We’re trying to extract as much money from the government as possible. Today’s

Freudian Tip

I seem to have started a therapist turf war. I’m in demand. I’m seeing a Therapist about a half an hour away in downtown Portland, but the local Therapist ain’t having that. Downtown Therapist has stepped on suburban Therapist’s patch, and it’s going to end only one way: in a violent and bloody shoot-out. Or

If you haven’t picked up on it from some of my other blog posts, I’ll spell it out: I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately. That’s nothing too unusual for me; I suffer from depression and anxiety. My doctor told me. Depression, for the uninitiated, isn’t a simple case of feeling a bit blue, a

Oedipus, Simple!

My son sleeps with my wife. I sleep in the next room — his! It’s an arrangement that would make Oedipus himself puce with jealousy. There’s a simple enough explanation for this, and no it doesn’t rhyme with divschmorce. The reason: my son is a fucking bully. My wife and I have obviously discussed the

The Writer Who Wouldn’t Write

I’m starting to believe that my creativity has died. That it has vanished into the ether, like my youth and my disposable income. When I was 23 I had the imagination to write whatever I wanted. I wasn’t as good a writer as I am now, in the technical sense – I was full of

One Whole Page!

I’ve written the first page of my novel. I’ll be the first to admit, it’s not spectacular, but rather than hit select all > delete, I just keep telling myself “first draft, first draft, it’s just the first draft”. I will probably be too lazy to do a second draft, if I ever actually do


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Yesterday was Wednesday, which means I posted over at Sprocket Ink. The subject this week was something I know absolutely NOTHING about…

I have never been married. I have been in some long term relationships that at that time I thought would lead to marriage. Thank God they didn’t. Currently I am in a long term relationship (coming up on three years in a few months) with my Lady Friend, who I live with. She was married before, and isn’t in any hurry to jump into that again.. which is fine by me! What we have works for us as is and hey, that’s all that matters right?

Leave a Reply

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Jeff Chiu, File, Associated Press
This Feb. 1, 2011 file photo shows medical marijuana clone plants at a medical marijuana dispensary in Oakland, Calif.

CHICAGO — A big research analysis says medical marijuana has not been proven to work for many illnesses for which state laws have approved it.

The analysis found the strongest evidence is for chronic pain and for muscle stiffness in multiple sclerosis. But the authors say evidence is weak for many other conditions, including anxiety, sleep disorders, and Tourette's syndrome.

The analysis evaluated 79 studies involving more than 6,000 patients. It's published in Tuesday's Journal of the American Medical Association.

A separate study tested edible medical marijuana products and found many labels don't accurately list amounts of the active ingredients. More than half had lower than listed amounts but some had higher than listed amounts.


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SchemaXml - Solr Wiki

The schema.xml file contains all of the details about which fields your documents can contain, and how those fields should be dealt with when adding documents to the index, or when querying those fields.

Analysis for Multiterm queries can be separately specified, see: Multiterm Query Analysis, which handles automatically lowercasing wildcard queries under most circumstances. designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr3.6 designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr4.0

A sample Solr schema.xml with detailed comments can be found in the Source Repository.

Data Types

The <types> section allows you to define a list of <fieldtype> declarations you wish to use in your schema, along with the underlying Solr class that should be used for that type, as well as the default options you want for fields that use that type.

Any subclass of FieldType may be used as a field type class, using either its full package name, or the "solr" alias if it is in the default Solr package. For common numeric types (integer, float, etc...) there are multiple implementations provided depending on your needs, please see SolrPlugins for information on how to ensure that your own custom Field Types can be loaded into Solr.

  • Common options that field types can have are...
    • sortMissingLast=true|false

    • sortMissingFirst=true|false

    • indexed=true|false

    • stored=true|false

    • multiValued=true|false

    • omitNorms=true|false

    • omitTermFreqAndPositions=true|false designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr1.4

    • omitPositions=true|false designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr3.4

    • positionIncrementGap=N

    • autoGeneratePhraseQueries=true|false (in schema version 1.4 and later this now defaults to false)

    • postingsFormat=<name of a postings format> designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr4.0, only works if you use a codec factory that is schema-aware such as SchemaCodecFactory. Please note that the postings formats used in a fieldType definition need to be in any of Solr lib directories. (For example, some useful (but unsupported) postings formats are available in the lucene-codecs JAR.). For detailed instructions on how to configure SimpleTextCodec, see: SimpleTextCodec Example

TextFields can also support Analyzers with highly configurable Tokenizers and Token Filters.

Field types that store text (TextField, StrField) support compression of stored contents:

  • compressed=true|false

  • compressThreshold=<integer>

designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 compression support was removed in 1.4.1. There are (untested) patches for 3.x in https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-752.

compressThreshold is the minimum length required for text compression to be invoked. This applies only if compressed=true; a common pattern is to set compressThreshold on the field type definition, and turn compression on and off in the individual field definitions.

The <fields> section is where you list the individual <field> declarations you wish to use in your documents. Each <field> has a name that you will use to reference it when adding documents or executing searches, and an associated type which identifies the name of the fieldtype you wish to use for this field. There are various field options that apply to a field. These can be set in the field type declarations, and can also be overridden at an individual field‘s declaration. Field names should consist of alphanumeric or underscore characters only and not start with a digit. This is not currently strictly enforced, but other field names will not have first class support from all components and back compatibility is not guaranteed. Names with both leading and trailing underscores (e.g. _version_) are reserved.

While these fields aren‘t strictly mandatory (Solr will run if you remove them fully), Bad Things happen in some situations if they aren‘t defined. We recommend that you leave these fields alone. If you don‘t use them, there‘s no appreciable penalty.

  • id - Almost all Solr installations have this field defined as the <uniqueKey> (see below).

  • _version_ designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr4.0 - This field is used for optimistic locking in SolrCloud and it enables Real Time Get. If you remove it you must also remove the transaction logging from solrconfig.xml, see Real Time Get.

Common field options

Common options that fields can have are...

  • default

    • The default value for this field if none is provided while adding documents
  • indexed=true|false

    • True if this field should be "indexed". If (and only if) a field is indexed, then it is searchable, sortable, and facetable.
  • stored=true|false

    • True if the value of the field should be retrievable during a search, or if you‘re using highlighting or MoreLikeThis.

  • compressed=true|false

    • True if this field should be stored using gzip compression. (This will only apply if the field type is compressible; among the standard field types, only TextField and StrField are.)

  • compressThreshold=<integer>

  • multiValued=true|false

    • True if this field may contain multiple values per document, i.e. if it can appear multiple times in a document
  • omitNorms=true|false

    • This is arguably an advanced option.
    • Set to true to omit the norms associated with this field (this disables length normalization and index-time boosting for the field, and saves some memory). Only full-text fields or fields that need an index-time boost need norms.
  • termVectors=false|true <?> Solr 1.1

    • If set, include full term vector info.
    • If enabled, often also used with termPositions="true" and termOffsets="true".
    • To use interactively, requires TermVectorComponent

    • Corresponds to TV button in Luke, and V field attribute.
  • omitTermFreqAndPositions=true|false designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr1.4

    • If set, omit term freq, positions and payloads from postings for this field. This can be a performance boost for fields that don‘t require that information and reduces storage space required for the index. Queries that rely on position that are issued on a field with this option fail with an exception. Prior to designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr4.0 the queries would silently fail to find documents.

  • omitPositions=true|false designnerd.net,免费赚钱棋牌兑换现金 Solr3.4

    • If set, omits positions, but keeps term frequencies

See also FieldOptionsByUseCase, which discusses how these options should be set in various circumstances. See SolrPerformanceFactors for how different options can affect Solr performance.

Dynamic fields

One of the powerful features of Lucene is that you don‘t have to pre-define every field when you first create your index. Even though Solr provides strong datatyping for fields, it still preserves that flexibility using "Dynamic Fields". Using <dynamicField> declarations, you can create field rules that Solr will use to understand what datatype should be used whenever it is given a field name that is not explicitly defined, but matches a prefix or suffix used in a dynamicField.

For example the following dynamic field declaration tells Solr that whenever it sees a field name ending in "_i" which is not an explicitly defined field, then it should dynamically create an integer field with that name...

    <dynamicField name="*_i"  type="integer"  indexed="true"  stored="true"/>

The glob-like pattern in the name attribute must have a "*" only at the start or the end. Longer patterns will be matched first. if equal size patterns both match, the first appearing in the schema will be used.

Indexing same data in multiple fields

Note that, with textual data, it will often make sense to take what‘s logically speaking a single field (e.g. product name) and index it into several different Solr fields, each with different field options and/or analyzers.

As an example, if I had a field with a list of authors, such as:

  • Schildt, Herbert; Wolpert, Lewis; Davies, P.

I might want to index the same data differently in three different fields (perhaps using the Solr copyField directive):

  • For searching: Tokenized, case-folded, punctuation-stripped:
    • schildt / herbert / wolpert / lewis / davies / p
  • For sorting: Untokenized, case-folded, punctuation-stripped:
    • schildt herbert wolpert lewis davies p
  • For faceting: Primary author only, using a solr.StringField:

    • Schildt, Herbert

(See also SolrFacetingOverview.)

Expert field options

The storage of Lucene term vectors can be triggered using the following field options:

  • termVectors=true|false

  • termPositions=true|false

  • termOffsets=true|false

These options can be used to accelerate highlighting and other ancillary functionality, but impose a substantial cost in terms of index size. They are not necessary for typical uses of Solr (phrase queries, etc., do not require these settings to be present).

Miscellaneous Settings

In addition to the <types> and <fields> sections of the schema, there are several other declarations that can appear in your schema.

The Unique Key Field

The <uniqueKey> declaration can be used to inform Solr that there is a field in your index which should be unique for all documents. If a document is added that contains the same value for this field as an existing document, the old document will be deleted.

It is not mandatory for a schema to have a uniqueKey field, but an overwhelming majority of them do. It shouldn‘t matter whether you rename this to something else (and change the <uniqueKey> value), but occasionally it has in the past. We recommend that you just leave this definition alone.

Note that if you have enabled the QueryElevationComponent in solrconfig.xml it requires the schema to have a uniqueKey of type StrField. It cannot be, for example, an int field.

The Default Search Field

The <defaultSearchField> is used by Solr when parsing queries to identify which field name should be searched in queries where an explicit field name has not been used. It is preferable to not use or rely on this setting; instead the request handler or query LocalParams for a search should specify the default field(s) to search on. This setting here can be omitted and it is being considered for deprecation.

Default query parser operator

The default operator used by Solr‘s query parser (SolrQueryParser) can be configured with <solrQueryParser defaultOperator="AND|OR"/>. The default operator is "OR" if unspecified. It is preferable to not use or rely on this setting; instead the request handler or query LocalParams should specify the default operator. This setting here can be omitted and it is being considered for deprecation.

Copy Fields

Any number of <copyField> declarations can be included in your schema, to instruct Solr that you want it to duplicate any data it sees in the "source" field of documents that are added to the index, in the "dest" field of that document. You are responsible for ensuring that the datatypes of the fields are compatible. The original text is sent from the "source" field to the "dest" field, before any configured analyzers for the originating or destination field are invoked.

This is provided as a convenient way to ensure that data is put into several fields, without needing to include the data in the update command multiple times. The copy is done at the stream source level and no copy feeds into another copy. The maxChars property may be used in a copyField declaration. This simply limits the number of characters copied. For example:

 <copyField source="body" dest="teaser" maxChars="300"/>

A common requirement is to copy or merge all input fields into a single solr field. This can be done as follows:-

 <copyField source="*" dest="text"/>

You can also automatically generate new field names by including an asterisk in both the source and destination fields. For example, if you have the following copyField directive:

 <copyField source="*_t" dest="*_t_facet" />

and then submit a field called author_t, the field‘s value will also be copied to another field called author_t_facet, where the word "author" was matched by the original asterisk in the source attribute, and then that pattern‘s match text was used to generate the destination field name, via the asterisk in the destination attribute *_t_facet, which serves as a field name template.

See also Copying Fields in the new Apache Solr Reference Guide

A (global) <similarity> declaration can be used to specify a custom Similarity implementation that you want Solr to use when dealing with your index. A Similarity can be specified either by referring directly to the name of a class with a no-arg constructor...

<similarity class="org.apache.lucene.search.similarities.DefaultSimilarity"/>

...or by referencing a SimilarityFactory implementation, which may take optional init params....

<similarity class="solr.DFRSimilarityFactory">
  <str name="basicModel">P</str>
  <str name="afterEffect">L</str>
  <str name="normalization">H2</str>
  <float name="c">7</float>

Begining with Solr4.0, Similarity factories such as SchemaSimilarityFactory can also support specifying specific Similarity implementations on individual field types...

  <fieldType name="text_dfr" class="solr.TextField">
    <analyzer class="org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer"/>
    <similarity class="solr.DFRSimilarityFactory">
      <str name="basicModel">I(F)</str>
      <str name="afterEffect">B</str>
      <str name="normalization">H2</str>
  <fieldType name="text_ib" class="solr.TextField">
    <analyzer class="org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer"/>
    <similarity class="solr.IBSimilarityFactory">
      <str name="distribution">SPL</str>
      <str name="lambda">DF</str>
      <str name="normalization">H2</str>
<similarity class="solr.SchemaSimilarityFactory"/>

If no (global) <similarity> is configured in the schema.xml file, an implicit instance of DefaultSimilarityFactory is used.

Poly Field Types

Some FieldTypes can be "poly" field types. A Poly FieldType is one that can potentially create multiple Fields per "declared" field. Some examples include the LatLonType and PointType, both which use multiple indexed fields internally to represent what the user sees as a single value (e.g. "35.9,-79.0"). Another example is CurrencyField which indexes the value and currency symbol separately (e.g. "10,USD").

See the example schema, SpatialSearch and CurrencyField for more info on using these field types.

Schema version attribute in the root node

For the up-to-date documentation, see example example schema shipped with Solr

<schema name="example" version="1.5">
  <!-- attribute "name" is the name of this schema and is only used for display purposes.
       version="x.y" is Solr‘s version number for the schema syntax and
       semantics.  It should not normally be changed by applications.

       1.0: multiValued attribute did not exist, all fields are multiValued
            by nature
       1.1: multiValued attribute introduced, false by default
       1.2: omitTermFreqAndPositions attribute introduced, true by default
            except for text fields.
       1.3: removed optional field compress feature
       1.4: autoGeneratePhraseQueries attribute introduced to drive QueryParser
            behavior when a single string produces multiple tokens.  Defaults
            to off for version >= 1.4
       1.5: omitNorms defaults to true for primitive field types
            (int, float, boolean, string...)

See also Upgrade / Migrate Solr 3.x to Solr 4

  • Perhaps make a DTD for the schema.
  • Talk about omitNorms and positionIncrementGap wrt text fields
  • check whether defaultSearchField is also used by the DisMaxRequestHandler and not only by the StandardRequestHandler

SchemaXml (last edited 2014-08-25 23:11:51 by MarkBennett)

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Kruger National Park

South Africa

Kruger National Park has one of the largest populations of leopard anywhere in the world, like this one, watching Marc's guests watch it. Image: ©Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide, Kruger NAtional Park

Why You Will Love It

Kruger National Park is home to large elephant herds, as well as the greatest number of wild African rhinos in the world, Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide.

1. Rhinos & leopards!  The planet’s largest wild concentration of both the big spotted cats and rhinos (black and white) live here!

2. African painted dogs. Not the biggest, but one of the world’s only populations of this endangered species.

3. Our Connection to Nature: Ancient rock paintings through out the area attest to the timeless connection between humans and wildlife.

4. Wrong turned right: When the Makeleke tribe won back their traditional land (confiscated by the park 30 years earlier), they decided both the tribe and the wildlife could benefit. Their 93 square mile (240 sq. km.) privately owned Makuleke Conservancy was born. Stay at their rest camps, see why the conservancy is called, “The Jewel of Northern Kruger."

5. Peace trumps walls: Together, three different nations each set aside their differences and their land to create one big peace park.  With no boarders or barriers to stop them, wildlife (and wildlife tourists) can roam freely across the protected 14,500 square miles (37,572 sq. km.) that make-up the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park.

The Scoop

Elephants, like this big guy, can be found in all over Kruger, but they are especially concentrated in the north. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide.

So what is it about Kruger National Park, (besides good conservation work), that allows the largest numbers of wild rhinoceros on the planet, as well as substantial elephant herds, Africa’s three big cats species, rare antelopes, and about 10% of the world’s remaining African painted dog population to thrive?

Bigger mammals constantly move through huge territories searching out food and water – regardless of the protected – or unprotected -  state of those lands. Kruger, South Africa’s largest wildlife park, spans over 7,511 protected square miles (19,455 and encompasses three different biomes (forest, grassland, and savanna), plus multiple different landscapes. Its unique ecology and geography is what gives species with characteristically wide ranges, such as African painted dogs, elephants, and so many others, the abundance of space and food they need.  The connection of Kruger to the lands and conservancies of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park makes it even more valuable – and interesting for wildlife viewers.

You will see Cape buffalo in large herds in Kruger, but be aware! These guys have no sense of humor. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Be forewarned! With so much wildlife to experience, it is easy to miss a dozen species in an attempt to see a specific one or the other. A good guide knows the animal’s idiosyncrasies, the clues they leave, where, when, and how they hunt, hide, or play - and, most importantly,  where in Kruger's seven regions it might be doing it! For the fullest experience, one of our favorites, Marc Cronje, recommends allowing from three to five days to explore. Here’s why:

Kruger’s Central Grasslands

This is “Big Game” country! The central grassland is home to Kruger’s largest lion populations, as well as its greatest herds of zebra, buffalo, wildebeest and giraffe. There is good (big) birding here too. Look for resident Bateleur and martial eagles, vultures and the summer visitors, lesser spotted and Wahlberg’s eagles, thermal sailing the endless sky.

The South East

No visit to Kruger is complete without an afternoon watching these magnificent big cats. Kruger has a healthy lion population. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

A year-round supply of water and sweet grasslands, thanks to the presence of both the Sabie and Crocodile Rivers, makes for great any-time wildlife viewing. This is a white rhino favorite, in fact you may even see the entire big five here!

The South West

This area is the preferred habitat of Kruger’s rarest antelopes including: sable, grey rhebok, and Lichtenstein’s hartebeest.  African painted dogs also favor this, the most mountainous and rainy region, in Kruger.

Olifants and Letaba River Areas

Olifants River is the accepted divide between Kruger’s North and South. Elephants are dominant here. The northern side of Engelhard dam is also one of Kruger’s prime birding areas. Use the Matambeni hide for a perfect view of the birds (storks, plovers, the rare black and other herons, bee-eaters, and endangered collared pratincole) as well as resident hippo herds, crocodile, and waterbuck. Oh yes, where there are waterbuck there tends to be lion, too.  Keep your camera ready.

The Skukuza area is famous for leopards. Look up. They wait out the heat of the day in trees. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

The Skukuza Area

The Sabie River bush, between Skukuza and lower the Sabie River, is leopard country! Look up in trees for leopards, on the ground for lions (and their prey), and everywhere in-between for birds! This is also a great area for viewing African painted dog, white rhino, Cape buffalo, elephant and - well, you get the idea!

The North

Elephant country! The area, which includes the flood plains of the Shingwedzi River and the mopaneveld (mopane woodlands), is famous for big tuskers. Stop at Leteba Elephant Hall, near the Leteba rest camp, to see the tusks of 6 of the famous Magnificent Seven. The North also offers some of the best birding in Kruger.

Kruger’s Far North

Much of the far north is sandveld. Several million years ago, rampant, wild sand storms from the Kalahari Desert picked up sediment and dropped it here, creating the sandstone base that forms an eco-system unlike any other in Kruger. Visit the Pafuri area for the hot springs and do not miss Crook’s Corner, a place whose name aptly describes its colorful history. This is the favorite habitat of eland, the largest, gentlest, and most frequently depicted antelope in ancient rock drawings.

More about Kruger.

A pair of lions near the Nkulu picnic area on the Sabie River between Skukuza and Lower Sabie. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Kruger celebrated its 90th birthday in May 2016, but its real history began in 1898. Paul Kruger, president of what was then the Transvaal region of South Africa, saw the impact that unchecked hunting by (mostly) Europeans was having, He set aside land between the Sabie and Crocodile Rivers to protect the wildlife. In 1927, with the ratification of South Africa’s National Parks Act, Sabie Game Reserve became the nucleus of today’s Kruger National Park.

The park’s early period was turbulent and controversial. As recently as 1969, the Makuleke tribe’s traditional lands were confiscated for the reserve, and 1,500 tribe members were expelled. In 1996, the Makuleke won back the land rights, but decided that catering to wildlife tourism was more economically beneficial to the tribe than resettling there themselves. Their decision lead to the establishment of the Makuleke Conservancy, the “Jewel of Northern Kruger.” The whole tribe, benefits from the two luxury lodges, Parfuri and Outpost Camp, on their land.

Elephants like this big guy make roam all through Kruger, but there were 7 who were famous. See the tusks of 6 of the "Magnificent Seven" big tuskers, at the Leteba Elephant Museum (North region) Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Today Kruger National Park is part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, spanning parts of three countries, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, eliminating fences and barriers to wildlife migration, creating a more natural and healthy range. Unfortunately, in an ironic twist, what is beneficial for wildlife (and wildlife tourists) can also be beneficial to poachers.

The Largest Wild Rhinoceros Population
on the Planet

Kruger supports and protects the largest wild rhinoceros population on the planet, but this concentration creates a magnet for organized poaching. In the first four months of 2016, 232 of the 363 rhinos killed on the entire continent, were taken in Kruger. The “good” news is that those 232 rhino represented a reduction in the number of killed rhinos and an increase in the number of poachers caught in Kruger, over the previous year.  Active use of helicopters, drones, and dogs, as well as highly trained rangers, is making a difference.  So is the wildlife tourism that benefits local communities, Kruger National Park, the Transfrontier Park, and the numerous surrounding unfenced private reserves that make up a healthy and secure habitat.

Kruger’s Wild Side: What to See

This beautiful male cheetah was spotted near the Phabeni Gate. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Wildlife in Kruger National Park

There are too many animals to list, but here are a few:
Cats: Lion, cheetah, leopard, caracal, and serval. Really big mammals: savannah elephant, black and white rhinoceros, Cape buffalo, hippopotamus, zebra, and Southern African giraffe. Also, African painted dog, black backed jackals, and spotted hyenas. Ungulates and antelopes: blue wildebeest, kudu, impala, sable, nyla, bushbuck, and the delicate little steenbok.
Small and not-to-be over-looked: Rock dassie, mongoose, and honey badger (renowned as the baddest of the bad).
And the odd and unusual: Aardwolf, aardvark, pangolin, and stripped polecat (which is not a cat at all, but related to the weasel).

Bateleur eagles love Kruger's Central Grasslands. So do the lions. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

in Kruger National Park

Even a non-birder could spend all five days just looking at birds, including: grey lourie (the “go-away bird”), martial and Bateleur eagles, yellow-billed and ground hornbills, and white backed vultures. Don’t forget these little jewels: rollers – 5 different species - plus blue waxbill, Burchell’s coucal, and crested barbet.  And the water birds: black heron, green backed heron, yellow-billed stork, hammerkop, saddleback stork, plovers, and Egyptian goose.

Also In Kruger National Park

Take some time to explore cultures from ancient to merely "old." Archeologists have found evidence pointing to pre-history settlements in many areas of Kruger National Park.

Thulamela: The "Place of Giving Birth"

Tiny Jewels. Lilac breasted roller, one of five roller species in Kruger National Park. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Here find the foundation of a fortress overlooking the Luvuhu River. This was the capitol of an #3 Iron Age Kingdom thriving between 1200 AD and 1640 AD called Thulamela, which means, "the place of giving birth" in the Venda language. Be sure to see the baobab trees estimated to be over 4,000 years old.

A restored iron-age manufacturing village and museum, near the Phalaborwa gate.  Get a real insight into the technology and life of a Stone Age and iron-age hunter-gatherer society. The people of this village smelted and forged metal objects specifically for trade.

Ancient Rock Paintings

The San people carved into the stone then gave their drawings color using plant saps, eland blood, egg whites, and fat. Radiocarbon dating has placed some examples between 1,500 and 3,000 years old. Find rock paintings in 12 locations, mostly in the southern tip of the park. Take a rock-painting walking tour from the Berg-en-dal Camp near the Malelane Gate.

Being Responsible in Kruger Park

Marc Cronje, center, helps collar an endangered African painted dog. Kruger's size and connection to the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park allows them enough protected space to thrive. Image: Thanks to Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Remember wildlife is wild.  Respect and common sense are always the best policy.

When driving in the park, stay in your car at all times, unless at specifically designated areas or when a professional tells you it is safe. If on a walking safari or hike, go with a professional guide. Follow all park instructions for camping, picnicking, and hiking. And never feed, leave food, or entice wildlife to come closer. Following a few simple rules keeps you from becoming a lunch opportunity for big predators. And keeps the animals safe as well.

When self-driving, be considerate of others. Take and give turns at the best spots.  Do not block roadways.

Best Time to Visit

Kruger National Park is a great all year destination, but winter (May through September) usually has the most comfortable weather.

Kruger National Park is one of the few remaining places to see the endangered African painted dog. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

The Dry Season
May through October

This is considered the best time for game viewing and walking safaris. The brush is the less dense; the animals are very active around the remaining water holes. It will be hot and humid.  June through August usually have the most temperate weather, warm and less humid during the day, cooler at night, and the fewest mosquitoes.

The Rainy Season
November through April

Kruger is at its most lush during this period. Many of the animals give birth at this time, making for considerable predator activity.  Are you a bird watcher? This is migration time and your best season for bird watching at Kruger.

Kruger offers lodging that ranges from bring-your-own-equipment campgrounds to luxury full service lodges as well cottages and guesthouses, safari tented camps, bungalows, and huts with communal kitchens. They can accommodate single travelers, multigenerational families, or groups.

Arrange your visit so that you can spend time in more than one section of the park. Each section has a selection of lodging choices.

Be Prepared

In Kruger you never know who will be crossing your path. Marc's safari guests met up with this plains zebra mother and colt on a recent safari. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

There are 11 official languages spoken in South Africa, however English is common, especially in the cities and national parks.

Visa Requirements

As of this writing, nationals of many countries, including the  United States and Canada, do not need an entry Visa if they are tourists staying for less than 90 days. However, it is always best to check with the South African consulate prior to finalizing your travel plans.

A year-round water supply contributes to a wide and wonderful spectrum of life - including mosquitos. Prepare in advance so you can relax and enjoy it all! Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

 As of June 1, 2015, new regulations went into effect regarding children entering or leaving South Africa. Please review the advisory and check with the state department in your home country prior to finalizing travel plans.

Health Notes

According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC): “Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot.”

If a calf is following its mother it is a white rhino - black rhino mothers push calves to the front. Photo: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Hepatitis A: Recommended
Hepatitis B: To be considered by some travelers.
Typhoid: Recommended for most travelers.
Yellow Fever: According to the CDC, “Required if traveling from a country with risk of YFV transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YFV transmission. This country considers the certificate of YF vaccination to be valid for life.”

Malaria: You will encounter mosquitoes in Kruger National Park. Although the risk is usually low, the park is a recognized malaria risk zone. Contact your doctor for the best course of action for you.

Bring the family! Kruger National Park is a wonderful safari destination for multi-generational vacations. Image: Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide

Notes on Mosquitos: Mosquitos carry a range of diseases. Bring and use mosquito repellant and long-sleeved and long-legged clothing to use, especially early in the day and at dusk when mosquitoes are most active.  Before you go to South Africa, research special mosquito and sun protective clothing.

Show and Tell

Enjoy your Kruger National Park adventures. We'd love to hear about them and so would other travelers. Send us your stories and photos and we will publish them as possible.

Special Thanks

Marc Cronje, Independent Field Guide
For his help, enthusiasm and use of his wonderful images, all shot in Kruger National Park, South Africa.  Follow Marc on Facebook.

Stories & Information

Secrets of a Kruger Park Guide: Marc Cronje Tells All

Wildlife Guide: African Elephants
Wildlife Guide: African Painted Dog
Wildlife Guide: African Rhinoceros
Wildlife Guide: Zebra

Go to South Africa's Kruger National Park and see the big cats for yourself. Marc captured the image of this beautiful leopard "three clicks past Lubye Lubye" Image: MArc Cronje Thanks Marc!


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From CSR into HR: Disability inclusion in the workplace

Person with a disability using technology in the workplace. Photo by: How Do I?

BARCELONA — Stigma and misconception can mean that people living with disabilities are often overlooked for positions. In low- and middle-income countries this situation is often exacerbated: In Kenya, as many as 67 percent of people living with a disability are unemployed, while in South Africa that number rises to 80 percent.

Remedying this could improve the economic circumstances of individuals, families, and even entire communities, as well as preventing mental health issues resulting from isolation, or loss of self-worth.

“If you think about what a job enables you to do, not just in terms of money, but all the other things that come with that — being part of a community, relationships through work, giving people structure in the day — there's so much that it adds to not only the person but the community,” said Tom Casson, founder of How Do I?, an app designed to deliver practical, video-enabled tools to make learning more accessible.

“[Inclusion] needs to move from CSR into HR — that’s the tipping point to try and get over. It isn’t a charitable thing, it’s something you could really benefit from as a business.”

— Tom Casson, founder, How Do I?

According to the World Health Organization’s 2011 World report on disability, across 51 countries employment rates are 52.8 percent for men with a disability and 19.6 percent for women with a disability. Even the global development community is not as disability-inclusive in terms of employment as it might be.

Charlotte Vuyiswa McClain-Nhlapo, global disability adviser in the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice of the World Bank, claims the sector hasn’t embraced the notion of diversity to include disability.

“The focus has been on how to create jobs for youth, jobs for women, jobs for a whole range of ethnic minorities,” she said. “But the focus on disability is one where we don’t see a sufficient amount of traction.”

So how can employers, including within the aid sector, be encouraged to offer positions to more people living with a disability?

Devex’s Development Enabled series:

Development Enabled explores the daily challenges of people with disabilities, while looking at solutions on how to support a disability-inclusive world.

Tackle misconceptions

McClain-Nhlapo believes one of the largest misconceptions around people with disabilities and employment is a lack of ability to perform.

“There’s a perception in many places that they are dependent on others, or unhealthy or unwell,” she said, adding that people with disabilities are often not seen as people in need of empowerment, capacity building, and equal opportunities.

Cynthia Hansen, head of the Adecco Group Foundation — which runs an athlete career program worldwide to enable people with and without disabilities to transition from the world of sport into the world of work — said people with disabilities should be viewed as another pool of talent, “rather than something that’s just a tick-box exercise.”

While such attitudes and prevailing misconceptions can often act as barriers to employment, Casson believes many employers also worry that they aren’t well-equipped to offer adequate support.

“People just presume that they wouldn't be able to support people with disabilities in the workplace,” he said. “Disability is such a varied thing that, especially for people with invisible disabilities, it's such a minefield for people to get over, whereas actually there’s a lot of pros to having a diverse workforce.”

A man with a disability. Photo by: Albert Gonzalez Farran / UNAMID / CC BY-NC-ND

Benefits of a disability-inclusive workforce

According to research from the Chicago Lighthouse, a social service organization in the U.S., people with disabilities are likely to have more longevity in their job roles. Research also shows that people with disabilities are less likely to take sick days, and have comparable or better safety records.

Many benefits of employing people with disabilities remain unknown, with the result that employment rates remain low regardless of sector or geography. The World Bank’s McClain-Nhlapo said that the issue was global rather than specific to a cluster of countries.

Addressing access issues might be a good place to start. Many workplaces view having a ramp as being disability-inclusive, Casson explained, but there are other workplace tools that can benefit an entire workforce, rather than singling out those with a disability.

“The beauty of that is that most people with disabilities will tell you what their needs are, and that’s something that can be worked out together.”

— Charlotte Vuyiswa McClain-Nhlapo, global disability adviser in the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice of the World Bank

“Automatic doors were brought in to support wheelchair users whereas now they are the norm. For people who have a visual impairment, there is screen configuration and lights. That might be crucial for someone with a visual impairment, whereas it also helps others sleep better at night because we don’t have the glare,” Casson explained.

“I think everyone is on their own journey through inclusion, but it needs to move from CSR into HR — that’s the tipping point to try and get over. It isn’t a charitable thing, it’s something you could really benefit from as a business,” he said.

How to make workplaces more disability inclusive

It starts with the hiring process, Hansen said. Ensuring that roles are open to everyone, that applications are accessible for those with disabilities — even offering internships to young people with disabilities.

“Something we see across the board is unconscious bias and confirmation bias that's built into a lot of the hiring processes of companies,” Hansen said, adding that another barrier is compliance with existing laws to ensure accessible workplaces and that hiring practices are fair.

“In some countries or companies, [disclosing your disability] may be a detractor,” Hansen said, while others, such as Spain or Brazil, have requirements to fulfill in terms of hiring people with a disability.

Then it’s a question of ensuring that in-house attitudes are receptive to people with disabilities.

“It’s things like how to go into a room if you’re interviewing and feel more comfortable with a person with an impairment if you haven’t done it before,” Hansen said, adding that this can be done by inviting people with disabilities into offices to share their background and unique employee skills to make hiring managers, senior management, and colleagues see things differently.

McClain-Nhlapo also cited incorporating more workplace flexibility as a way to foster a more accessible workplace. Assistive technologies, remote working, and virtual meetings are all becoming more commonplace, and all help to provide a more inclusive environment.

“This notion that people have to ... come into an office or space to work is outdated,” she said. “For persons with disabilities, it’s important for them, for companies, and for development partners to think how people with disabilities can contribute in different ways from different places.”

Casson agreed to the benefits of technology in the workplace and the support it can give anyone, regardless of disability. How Do I? enables employers in the United Kingdom to create their own video guides that can be shared across an organization to provide support to the point needed. Originally a tool for people with learning disabilities providing “how to” guides for tasks such as making a cup of tea or brushing teeth, the app has evolved into a way of making workplaces more accessible.

“Some workplaces using the app are completely and solely focused on supporting people with learning disabilities get into work, and others are employers using it as a tool for everybody — which is our aim because it then destigmatizes disability,” Casson said. The app is available to everyone, he added, which means individuals can opt to use it every day or much less frequently depending on their needs.

Other technologies that can accommodate those with a disability and benefit the workforce overall include screen readers, lever door handles, screen magnification programs, and telephone amplifiers.

Finally, ensuring there is a pathway for promotion is critical, McClain-Nhlapo said, adding that in many places there’s no expectation for people with disabilities to move on to the next level in their careers.

Regardless of recommendations, she explained that no workplace has to have it “perfect” before actively including people with disabilities.

“I think the approach should be: ‘we are committed to this, we want to increase our workforce, we want to have a more diverse workforce, we want a workforce that reflects the demographics of wherever we are, so let’s work on this together,’” McClain-Nhlapo said. “And the beauty of that is that most people with disabilities will tell you what their needs are, and that’s something that can be worked out together.”

For more coverage on creating a disability-inclusive world, visit the Development Enabled series here.

About the author

  • Rebecca root%2520%25281%2529

    Rebecca Root

    Rebecca Root is an editorial associate and reporter at Devex. She has a background in journalism and communications, and has written for a variety of publications while living and working in New York and London. She is now based in Barcelona and produces multimedia editorial content for digital content series and media partnerships.


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The Heirloom Cooking Gift Box

The Heirloom Cooking Gift Box

We made a holiday gift box featuring our favorite regional Indian cookbook, ‘Five Morsels of Love’ paired with our most loved Indian-ish pantry staples (perfect for cooking your way through the book with!) - Diaspora Co. turmeric, Ancient Organics ghee and Koda Farms rice.

Chosen for being the most delicious ingredient out there, each item was carefully sourced with our shared values of being the highest quality, committed to agricultural sustainability and ensuring equality across the supply chain.

  1. Five Morsels of Love - an heirloom Andhra cookbook full of recipes passed down from generation to generation by our collaborator and muse, Archana Pidathala.

  2. Heirloom Kokuho Rose Rice - A Japanese-American short grain rice with a cult following from California’s oldest family-owned and operated rice farm and mill, Koda Farms. Personally, we have entirely given up a childhood/ancestral love of Basmati for a lifelong commitment to Kokuho Rose.

  3. Ancient Organics Ghee - Made just up the street from us in Berkeley, CA, this ghee is made from organic butter from the Straus Family Creamery in Petaluma, CA. It’s got a deeply caramelized nutty flavor, and is the most delicious ghee I’ve tried outside of India.

  4. Diaspora Co. Turmeric - You know, just the new gold standard of turmeric.

Includes a handwritten card illustrated by Manuja Waldia or Aleesha Nandhra, add your gift message at checkout!

Add To Cart