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We collected quotes from a variety of insurance companies across 2,700 towns and cities in the U.S, for 128 insurance companies. Our sample driver was a 30 year old male who drove a 2011 Toyota Camry. To obtain quotes, we kept parameters for getting coverage the same, such as that he was single, and had a clean driving record. The only parameter that changed was the zip code where he lived in the U.S. The amount of coverage we opted for gave our driver bit more than what is required of state minimums.

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Those on the hunt for corporate insurance will quickly discover that not only do countless plans exist, but so do a variety of different distribution channels in the market. There are insurance companies that you can buy from directly, agents who will sell plans on the insurers’ behalf, and brokers that search and compare coverage for you. When it comes to understanding why you might choose one option over the other, Pacific Prime has the information you’ll need to find out which fits best with your business’ needs. Read on to learn more about insurance brokers vs agents today.

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We offer Texas auto insurance with low down payments and low monthly premiums.  We have coverage available for just about every make and model including high value vehicles, antique cars and all kinds of trucks.  We have preferred markets for clean driving records, and competitve programs if you have tickets and accidents.  Call us today for a fast, free, no obligation insurance quote.

We begin by examining all the risks and variables associated with a policy.  Each individual, family and business has differing needs and coverage’s to consider.  Not only do we provide personal policies, such as home and auto insurance, our agents are experienced in addressing commercial insurance coverage options.  Looking for Workers Compensation, Commercial Property, or Commercial Liability insurance?  Our agents have you covered.  To learn more, please contact one of our agents at your convenience.

Where Can I Find Cheap Car Insurance

Advertiser Disclosure: Some of the offers that appear on this website are from companies which ValuePenguin receives compensation. This compensation may impact how and where offers appear on this site (including, for example, the order in which they appear). The site does not review or include all companies or all available products. For more information please see our Advertiser Disclosure.
Chances are your home and auto are one of your largest investments in life.  But, that doesn't mean you have to over pay to insure them.  Finding affordable insurance can be challenging unless you have a lot of free time.  Fortunately there's a better way... InsuranceBrokers.com does the work of comparing multiple insurance companies at the same time, giving you the best coverage at an affordable rate.
State Farm Bank, F.S.B. Bloomington, Illinois, is a Member FDIC and Equal Housing Lender. NMLS ID 139716. The other products offered by affiliate companies of State Farm Bank are not FDIC insured, not a State Farm Bank obligation or guaranteed by State Farm Bank, and subject to investment risk, including possible loss of principal invested. Contact State Farm Bank toll-free at 877-SF4-BANK (877-734-2265).

How To Purchase Disability Insurance

Insurance agents typically represent only one insurance company. As a result, they are often referred to as "captive" agents. Insurance brokers represent multiple insurance companies. Thus, brokers are free to offer a wider range of products to their clients. They can search the market and obtain multiple price quotes to fit their clients' budgets. You might say that agents work for the insurance company while brokers work for their clients.
Insurance agents have a responsibility to the insurance company.  Agents act as the insurance company representative in the buying process as they are typically salaried employees.   Most insurance agents are “Captive” to represent only one company, such as: Allstate, State Farm, Farmer, etc.  Because they are contracted as captive insurance agents, they are not able to discuss or recommend other insurance companies.

What Is The Best Way To Get Insurance Quotes

Because they already have all your information on hand, car insurance brokers already know which carriers are more likely to insure you. If you have bad credit, they can provide you a range of quotes from car insurance companies that service people with bad credit. The same is true if you have an unfavorable driving history or if you’re a new driver. Without a broker, you won’t know how your personal classification affects your rates unless you take the time to compare them yourself.
We have relationships with dozens of insurance companies, allowing you to get the right price with the right service. Whether you have the ideal history, preferred companies desire, or a not so perfect history, we find the right coverage, with the best company, at the best price for you. As an independent insurance agent in Fort Worth Texas, we can offer the right coverages with the personal touch you would expect from your neighborhood insurance agent.

How To Order New Insurance Card

2 If you had a total loss with your brand new auto within the first year or 15,000 miles (whichever occurred first), we would repair or replace it with a brand new auto and take no deduction for depreciation. This does not apply to a substitute auto, an auto you do not own, nor a vehicle leased under a long-term contract of six months or more (subject to deductible). Does not apply to theft of tires or batteries, unless the entire vehicle were stolen. Deductible applies for special parts. Not available in NC.

How To Buy Insurance For A Condo


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Backyard Design Ideas

These backyard design ideas were specifically selected based on popularity.

There has been a growing trend towards home improvement in recent years. Many home owners armed with the internet are beginning to educate themselves on how to do a lot of the home renovation work that was formerly carried out by a contractor. The following photos will give you popular backyard design ideas for pools, retaining walls, and patios.

One of the first things that comes to mind for a lot of ‘luxury homes’ is the question of whether or not to add a pool.

This should be done early on rather than after a few years as it will generally take up a large amount of real estate. If it is something that you can maintain and will have enough occasions for its use then go for it.  One recommendation for modern homes is the addition of geometric pool designs. Pools are not only perfect for entertaining guests but can also transform the ambiance altogether. You can’t help but smile when swimming in a private luxury resort-like setting.

Infinity pools are appealing in many ways. When facing the ocean, they can sometimes make you feel like the pool is somehow connected and you are swimming in the ocean.

There are many different pool design ideas

There are an unlimited number of possible ideas which is the hardest part of any project. One potential idea shown in the photo below is to have water cascading down a natural slope into the pool. If you live in an area where this can be pulled off, it can look pretty amazing.

Waterfall spillways (also called sheer, weird, or descent) are a popular pick for many pools. The beauty of this product is its simplistic design. It can become the focal point of the pool especially at night with build-in LED lighting to make the water appear as if it is glowing as it drops.
Water jets (laminar design) with LED lighting are gaining popularity with many pool owners all around the world. They are another simple yet impressive design that looks great in the day and really shines at night.

Is your backyard naturally sloped? Consider looking at different retaining wall design ideas.

One common solution to maximizing the space of small and sloped yards is found by adding retaining walls.

Here are some of the benefits of adding retaining walls to your backyard.

1. Retaining walls can help to prevent flooding during heavy downpours.

2. Maintenance requirements on level surfaces are reduced and less difficult.

3. Helps to prevent property damage by keeping soil in place.

4. Will help to reduce or prevent flooding with the water less likely to funnel down the hill.

5. Makes the yard look bigger.

Of course there are more benefits than listed and many home owners opt for retaining walls on flat surfaces for different design ideas.
The alternative to this would have been just a regular lawn. This is a fine example of what you can achieve with a well-built retaining wall.
Modern style concrete retaining walls look great when mixed in with some plants.
There is always the false rock look. This one in particular was created with rebar and carved out shotcrete. Concrete has its own unique look but is better suited for less harsh weather conditions. (Freeze-thaw and heavy rain can quickly damage the rock.)

Backyard Patio Design Ideas

This is one of the most important aspects and probably should have been mentioned first. There is no reason to go through all the hassle of designing a backyard in the first place if you don’t intend to spend time in it is there?

Flagstone patios look great. They aren’t well suited to cold climates but as long as proper mortar is used, won’t be as prone to cracking.
Choosing the right patio building materials to suit your home and garden can be a daunting task.
hillside developments

Patio With Fireplace by Hillside Developments, West Vancouver

Continuing on the previous thought, it is recommended to choose a product that matches the home, plants, and retaining walls.

Well, we hope these backyard renovation design ideas have helped you. Let us know about your own design ideas in the comments section below and feel free to share this article if you found it helpful.

Searches related to backyard design ideas

backyard design ideas on a budget: Cheap and affordable backyard landscaping design ideas

small backyard design ideas: Small yard design solutions. Common for many waterfront properties.

backyard design ideas without grass: If you are looking for a very low maintenance solution consider going with artificial turf, gravel, rocks, mulch, soil, paving stones, and plants.

landscaping ideas: Easy landscaping design ideas suitable for a wide-variety of projects

backyard design software: Try some free landscaping design software. Try a download-free demo

backyard design ideas for dogs: Are you a pet lover? Check out some of these dog-friendly designs. Also be sure to check out for any dog-related advice you may be in need of.

backyard design ideas with pools: Check out top best lists of backyard pool design ideas.

backyard design ideas for small yards: Smaller yards can be even more amazing and provide the comfort you seek than larger yards without requiring as much maintenance.

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Route Optimization for Field Service Teams

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Free Banking in the Digital Age?

By Warren Coats[1]

A number of central banks are considering issuing digital currency either in place of the paper currency they now issue or in parallel with it.  The advantages of central bank digital currency (CBDC) over paper currency for the issuer is the much lower cost of supplying and maintaining the currency (printing, storing, transporting, safekeeping and replacing old and damaged notes). For the users, there are the benefits of much greater speed and lower cost of making payments of currency across distances.  The use of paper currency (cash) in economies with proliferating electronic means of payment (Visa, PayPal, Zella, popmoney, etc.) has been and will continue to fall.  In addition, digital currencies can and do extend digital payment services to the unbanked.  This note explores some of the policy issues raised by CBDC, by which I mean digital claims on the currency issued by the official monetary authority, whether directly or indirectly.

Payment with digital currency involves transferring ownership of a claim on the issuer without needing to or providing any information about the payer, in particular without providing information about the payer’s bank account if she has one.  In this respect it mirrors the payment of traditional paper currency.  A primary issue for a central bank when considering issuing a digital currency is whether it should be offered wholesale or retail, i.e., offered only to banks and maybe other financial firms, or offered to the general public.  If a central bank offered CBDC directly to the general public it would transform and greatly expand the role of the central bank and could potentially end the role of commercial banks in the payment system.

Offering CBDC only to banks and other financial firms would offer little that is not already available via central banks’ acceptance of deposits from these entities, which of course are digital.  In fact the distinction between digital currency and traditional deposits is not always clear or important.[2]  Currently Fedwire settles payments between account holders, including government agencies, in domestic and foreign banks licensed in the U.S.  It does not settle USD payments between accounts in non-resident banks and resident banks.  Such payments could occur with CHIPS (Clearing House Interbank Payments System) correspondent banks, but could also potentially be made by the transfer of a central bank digital currency.

If a digital currency is issued to the general public by banks in the two-tier fashion of today’s bank money, in which banks maintain deposits of national money with their central bank to secure the deposits of national money held by banks for the general public, there is an issue of what assets banks should hold or be required to hold against their deposit or currency liabilities to the public.  Digital currency issued to the public by the central bank would have no default risk, whereas digital currency issued by banks or other entities, being a liability of the issuing bank, would have default risks.

It is also possible to permit non-banks to issue digital currency as has been done very successfully in Kenya by a phone company.[3]  Over half of Kenya’s population participates in this so-called mobile phone money service. Public acceptance of a digital currency requires that its claim on central bank money is credible.  Safaricom, the issuer of Kenya’s digital currency, M-Pesa, backs the deposits of participants 100% with Kenyan shilling deposits with banks.  While M-Pesa balances are generally paid from one person or firm to another, they can be withdrawn via an agent at their face value in shilling currency issued by the central bank at any time.

A study issued by the Bank of International Settlements explores issues raised by central bank digital currency (CBDC) more generally.[4]

A review of the free banking era in the U.S. (1837 – 1913) provides a useful framework in which to analyze the options and implications of digital national currencies.  Banks in that period could issue their own U.S. dollar denominated banknotes.  Because banks lend some of the money deposited with them – so-called fractional reserve banking – issuing their own currency when their depositors wished to withdraw cash, was stabilizing as explained below.  The issue of whether CBDC should use block chain (DLT) or centrally administered ledgers will not be considered here as DLT is too expensive and inefficient to take seriously as an option at this time.[5] Project Jasper of the Bank of Canada concluded that: “the versions of distributed ledger currently available may not provide an overall net benefit when compared with existing centralized systems for interbank payments.  Core wholesale payment systems function quite efficiently.”[6]

The report does not exclude the possibility that future versions might overcome existing defects and have net advantages for some applications.

The feature of so called free banking that is relevant here was the ability of commercial banks to issue their own currency (banknotes).  These banknotes did not represent private currencies in the way bitcoin does.  In the case of the United States, all bank issued currency was denominated in US dollars and redeemable for gold (or silver) at its fixed price for the dollar.  Historicallybanknotes were originally created by goldsmiths in post Medieval England – first as warehouse receipts to depositors of cash – and then as a form of lending as an alternative to having the borrower’s account credited.  For an interesting account see the article by Benjamin Geva.[7]

Banks generate most of their income by lending at interest or investing the money deposited with them by the public.  As a result, not all of the money deposited is available to pay out to the depositors should they all want their money back (as cash or by transfer to another bank) at the same time (a so-called bank run).  Only a modest amount of depositors’ money (it is actually the bank’s money once it is deposited) is available in the bank in the form of cash or deposits at the central bank.  These so called reserves must be, and virtually always are, sufficient to satisfy the cyclical (monthly and seasonally) variations in the public’s preferences for cash over deposits.  This system is referred to as fractional reserve banking because the amount of bank “reserves” are less than the amount of their deposit liabilities.  The difference in the amount of deposits and of reserves consists of bank loans and investments in less liquid assets.

In today’s banking systems all banknotes (cash) are issued by a central bank.  Thus when a deposit is withdrawn for cash, the bank’s assets (cash) and deposit liabilities both fall by the same amount.  If a bank does not hold sufficient cash or deposits with the central bank to satisfy these periodic demands, the bank is said to be illiquid.  When banks were able to issue their own currencies (Citibank dollars and Chase dollars) only the mix of bank liabilities changed (from deposits to cash) with no change in their assets.  Their total liabilities and assets remained the same.  This was a very desirable feature of note issuing banks and eliminated the risk of illiquidity from cash withdrawals.  These banks might still suffer illiquidity from deposit transfers/payments to entities with deposits in other banks.

In the free banking era when the public came to doubt the solvency of their bank (loan and investment losses that exceeded a bank’s capital—i.e., when the value of a bank’s assets falls below the value of its deposit and other liabilities) it was pointless to withdraw deposits as the bank’s own banknotes because the bank did not have sufficient assets to redeem them.  Bank runs in such cases would take the form of converting deposit or cash claims on the bank into claims on another, hopefully sounder, bank.  Those who failed to do so before the insolvent bank was closed and liquidated would lose part of their claim, i.e. they would be forced to absorb their share of the bank’s asset shortfall (its negative capital).

Thus a ten dollar bill issued by Citibank and one issued by Chase, being claims on two different banks, could have different values (even if redeemable in theory for the same amount of gold) if the public lost confidence in the solvency of one or the other. Merchants needed to pay attention to whose banknotes they were accepting.

When you pay someone by transferring some of your bank balance to the payee’s bank account (e.g. by writing a check), your bank and the receiving bank must both participate in the same clearinghouse (or have an account with a correspondent bank that participates) enabling their obligations with each other to be settled in central bank money.[8]  This role is now generally performed by each country’s central bank and the deposits that banks keep there are called reserve deposits.  In some countries a minimum amount is required (a reserve requirement) and in others it is fully voluntary but needs to be sufficient for net payments between banks.

While this fractional reserve system worked well most of the time, banks were occasionally hit with unusually large or panic withdrawals that they were not able to satisfy even when they were fully solvent (had positive capital).  A key function of the central banks being established all over the world a century or more ago was to provide temporary liquidity to such illiquid but solvent banks (though it is difficult to evaluate the solvency of a bank in real time—i.e. the soundness of their loans and investments).  Thus central banks were so-called Lenders of Last Resort.

In 1933, in the midst of America’s Great Depression, a group of University of Chicago economists proposed, among other things, that banks be required to hold reserves (cash and deposits with the Federal Reserve) of at least 100% of their demand deposit liabilities (checking accounts).  This is often called “The Chicago Plan.”  If banks’ demand deposit liabilities and their reserve assets are segregated from the rest of their balance sheet it removed any default risk to the public of holding demand deposits at any bank.  Instead of the Chicago Plan, the U.S. Congress enacted deposit insurance to reduce the risk of bank runs.

To review:banknotes issued by banks in the free banking era eliminated the risk of a bank becoming illiquid when its depositors withdrew cash, but imposed on the public the need to judge the solvency of the note-issuing bank before accepting its currency.  The risk of losses on demand deposits remained.  While that risk could have been eliminated with a 100% reserve requirement (The Chicago Plan), it was eliminated for smaller deposits by deposit insurance.

Central banks around the world now have a monopoly on issuing legal tender currency.  This eliminates the default risk of accepting such currency but reintroduces a liquidity risk for banks that promise to convert customer deposits into (central bank issued) cash on demand.  This risk is substantially reduced by central banks’ lender of last resort function.

Structuring Digital Currency

The above considerations can help us evaluate options for central banks wishing to issue digital currencies.  So-called “digital currencies” can take different forms.  “Digital coins” are the closest digital counterpart to paper currency.  Both have unique serial numbers for each unit.  “Tokens” or “claim check centralized digital currency” pass from one owner to another P2P via block chain or central registry and can be redeemed for central bank base money at any time.  “Deposits” function the same as tokens without pretending that they are not deposits.  The distinctions between these are primarily technical and may be of little if any relevance to users.  Thus I will use “digital currency” to refer to any and all of them.

Our two-tiered system for supplying money to the public (central banks issue base money that is their own liability and commercial banks create deposit money fractionally backed by central bank base money) has the very considerable benefit of outsourcing the competitive creation and management of money to many banks.  Banks develop and service their own relationships with their customers from tens of thousands of offices around the country (speaking now of the U.S.).  However, this money creating and payment function performed by banks is also comingled with their lending activity intermediating between savers and borrowers. There are synergies as well as risks from providing both services under one roof.[9]

Should central bank digital currency be provided retail or wholesale?  A central bank could issue its digital currency to anyone who signed up (registered, i.e. opened an account directly with the central bank). As all uses of this digital currency would be between participants in the system, transfer would be simple and instantaneous.  It would be essentially the same as logging into your current bank account and transferring money to another depositor in the same bank.

In addition to the above advantages of speed and simplicity, this central bank retail approach carries the burden of an enormous expansion of central bank staff to interface with the general public in establishing and managing this new digital currency. Equally troublesome is the likelihood, if not certainty of a “digital run” from bank deposits to the central bank’s digital currency.  This would be a permanent shift from banks to the central bank, which would force banks to liquidate a significant share of their assets in order to finance the outflow of their demand deposits into the central bank’s payment system.  The transition would need to be carefully managed. The magnitude of the digital run could be limited by limiting the size of CBDC payments.  This could leave most business payments with the banking system.

There are advantages to a single, monopoly provider of digital currency because payments would take the form of transfers between accounts/participants within the same system (in effect intra-bank).  But there would be the usual disadvantages of monopolies as well (e.g. sluggish technical innovation).[10]  Central banks generally have a monopoly in printing paper currency, but their sale to the public is done by competitive commercial banks.

Central banks could leave the provision of digital cash to banks and other qualifying financial firms.  This would parallel the two-tier system now in place with central bank base money and commercial bank broad money (deposits of the public).  Digital currency would be supplied only by banks, as was the case during the free banking era when individual banks supplied their own currency notes.  Thus there would be many digital dollars (Citibank digital currency, Chase digital currency, etc.).  As with free banking banknotes, each digital currency would be the liability of the issuing bank.  The risk of default for each bank’s digital currency could be eliminated by requiring 100% reserves with the central bank against any digital currency issued and segregating these assets and liabilities from the rest of bank balance sheets. It would also be possible for commercial banks to sell and administer central bank digital currency on behalf of the central bank.  Adoption of a full Chicago Plan (100% reserves for both currency and demand deposits and legal segregation from the rest of the bank’s activities) would fully protect all payment system assets (money) from bank failures. Policies would also be needed with regard to close substitutes for demand deposits such as time and savings deposits.[11] Alternatively the risk could be limited via the equivalent of deposit insurance.

Non Central Bank Digital Currency

Digital currencies issued by commercial banks would eliminate the risk of “digital runs” on bank deposits to the central bank’s digital currency flagged by the BIS in its report cited above.  Non-national digital currencies (or deposits) fixed in value to a foreign currency, to SDRs, or to gold, for example, issued by an entity playing the role of a central bank for that currency (e.g. the BIS) would also minimize the risk of a “digital run” from bank deposits in national currencies.  Such digital currencies could also adopt a traditional two-tier model by which commercial banks issue the digital currency to the retail public. In all cases of multiple, individual bank issued digital currencies, arrangements would be needed (as now) to settle payments from holders of digital currency issue by one bank to holders of digital currency issued by a different bank.  The transfer of deposits from one issuing bank to another on the books of a common institution (the traditional central bank) is the most likely mechanism for settling such payments as is now the case for deposit payments.

In the digital world the distinction between a digital deposit and a digital currency is notional. Both are liabilities of and claims on the bank or other entity that issued them.  Distinctions blur.  In addition, digital currency need not necessarily be issued by a deposit-taking bank. M-Pesa is the digital mobile phone currency version of the Kenyan shilling issued by a trust operated by the Kenyan mobile phone operator Safaricom.[12]  The trust is not licensed as a bank as it does not lend any of the money deposited with it.  One hundred percent of the money deposited with M-Pesa is placed with commercial banks. If these deposits were with the central bank, they would be risk free—an example of the Chicago Plan.

My conclusion from the above considerations is that digital currency should be issued by banks or by entities adhering to the Chicago Plan if and when they prove superior to existing electronic means of payment.  Commercial bank digital currency liabilities should be insured or should adhere to the Chicago Plan segregated from the rest of the bank and thus from any losses the bank’s other activities might suffer.  If bank demand deposits were also 100% reserved, bank digital currency would feature the same stability benefit as was enjoyed in the free banking era by bank note issuing banks without the default risk of that era.  Such digital currency can extend the benefits of digital payments to the non-banked as it has in Kenya and a growing number of other countries.  It is a model also well suited to the issue of global, non-national currencies such as market SDRs or gold backed currency.

[1]Dr. Coats is retired from the International Monetary Fund, where he was Assistant Director of the Monetary and Capital Markets Department.

[2]Michael D. Bordo and Andrew T. Levin, “Central Bank Digital Currency  and the Future of Monetary Policy” Economics Working Paper 17104, Hoover Institution, August 2017.

[3]Warren Coats, “The Technology of Money”Cayman Financial Review,January 18, 2012.

[4]“Central Bank Digital Currency,” Bank for International Settlements, March, 2018.

[5]Warren Coats, “Bitcoin, Cybercurrencies, and Blockchain” March 12, 2018.

[6]Project Jasper: Are Distributed Wholesale Payment Systems Feasible Yet?Bank Of Canada, Financial System Review, June 2017.

[7]Benjamin Geva, “Banking In The Digital Age – Who is Afraid of Payment Disintermediation?”  EBI Working Paper Series, 2018 No 23, March 23, 2018.

[8]In the “good ol days” representatives of all local banks would meet in a room and exchange the physical checks that their customers had written to each other and settling the net differences between each bank via a common correspondent bank.

[9]Warren Coats, “Changing direction on bank regulation”Cayman Financial Review, April 2015.

[10]For an elaboration see Geva, op.cit.

[11]Warren Coats, “The Money Problem-Rethinking Financial Regulation” by Morgan Ricks, Cayman Financial Review April 26, 2017.

[12]op. cit. Coats, 2012

About wcoats

Dr. Warren L. Coats specializes in advising central banks on monetary policy, and in the development of their capacity to formulate and implement monetary policy. He is retired from the International Monetary Fund, where, as Assistant Director of the Monetary and Financial Systems Department, he led missions to over twenty countries. Before then, he served as Visiting Economist to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and to the World Bank, and was Assistant Prof of Economics at the Univ. of Virginia from 1970-75. Most recently he was Senior Monetary Policy Advisor to the Central Bank of Iraq; an IMF consultant to the central banks of Afghanistan, Kenya and Zimbabwe; and a Deloitte/USAID advisor to the Government of South Sudan. He is currently a member of the Editorial Board of the Cayman Financial Review and until the end of 2013 was a member of the IMF program team for Afghanistan. His most recent book is entitled "One Currency for Bosnia: Creating the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina."
This entry was posted in Economics, Money and tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Bookmark the permalink.

4 Responses to Free Banking in the Digital Age?

  1. Joe Cobb says:

    Yes, the Chicago Plan. This would reduce a bank merely to a node in the payments system. A fee would be collected, I assume. Yet, as you celebrate (me too!) such a possibility, reduces the marginal cost of payment services to such a level as to be given away – like advertising.
    For your information, this is already happening:
    and outside of the “digital” thing, the Bullion Bank backing this innovation is

    • wcoats says:

      Joe, I expect the synergies of payment services and lending to generally keep them under one roof (banks) but bank lending would be equity financed rather than debt financed as now. See the review in footnote 11.

  2. I agree Warren. The Chicago Plan should have won out in the 1930s, but politics defeated it. Simons and the others were right I believe. I assume you’ve seen my book? The Chicago Plan and New Deal Banking Reform? I first learned of the plan from Lloyd Mints after he retired to Fort Collins, Colorado. You might enjoy seeing the video from his 100th birthday:

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Platinum Gains

wealthymattersRecently platinum imports have almost doubled.Platinum imports have touched 40 tonnes in 2013 from 18 tonne in 2012. The demand has been driven by retail jewellery sales though platinum as an investment product has not gathered much momentum in India where gold is still regarded as the best investment option.Platinum prices went down by $200 per troy ounce in 2013 compared to gold which made this precious metal popular among aspiring young Indians.There are no restrictions on platinum imports unlike gold. A supply crunch in gold has pushed up the premium on gold, making the yellow metal costlier which has not happened in the case of platinum.At the retail end, platinum jewellery demand has grown by 30-35% in 2013 and jewellers are expecting that platinum will maintain this rally in the current year as well. Platinum demand is more of an urban phenomenon. However,platinum is gradually crossing the boundaries of metro cities and making way into tier-1 and tier-2 cities. It is the only metal that showed a spectacular growth last year.The price of platinum currently hovers around  3,790 per gm which has moderated since January.

So,it you’d rather be part of the hip set,go ahead and indulge.But make certain to buy only jewellery,preferably branded and studded with quality diamonds.Also be smart and ensure that the seller offers a decent buyback option as its still almost impossible to sell used platinum jewellery to the street corner jeweller.

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By Amelia Connor-Afflick, Restless Development returned volunteer Nepal

On the 9th May, 2 days following the general election, we as ‘Tax Dodging Bill’ campaigners marched up to 10 Downing Street to make sure that returning Prime-Minister David Cameron and his government did not forget about their promises on tackling tax dodging.

The Conservatives have promised to raise £5 billion a year by clamping down on tax evasion, and aggressive tax avoidance and tax planning, which they seek to achieve with efforts outlined in their manifesto as continuing to “lead international efforts to ensure global companies pay their fair share in tax” and “consider the case for making international country-by-country tax reporting information publicly available on a multilateral basis”.

As campaigners we held our placards, our wheelbarrow full of chocolate coins – which represented the £3 billion we could raise through a Tax Dodging Bill, chanted “make tax fair” and spoke to several media sources, including BBC Radio, about why it is necessary for a bill to be introduced that prevents tax avoidance.

The Tax Dodging Bill campaign and large numbers of the public (80%)[1] are sceptical on whether the government’s pledges are sufficient to raise the £5 billion, as promised. New legislation is needed in order for the Conservative’s promises to be met and so that the public can be reassured that those who avoid paying tax will face tough consequences. The new legislation needs to place tougher sanctions on those who avoid tax, create more transparency and also stop companies from exploiting underdeveloped countries with tax avoidance.

These goals could be achieved by closing the loophole in the Diverted Profit Tax, ensuring that UK tax rules consider the impact that they have on developing countries, making country-by-country reporting for all sectors, not just the financial sector and also committing to rigorous reviews on all tax breaks and scrap any that do not benefit society or the economy. This Bill needs to be drafted for the 2015 Queen’s speech, as this is the Conservative’s first opportunity to deliver their first manifesto and proposals on new legislation.

We campaigned outside Downing Street immediately following the new government being elected because we wanted to show how much the public is concerned about tax dodging. Our goal on the 9th May was to get our voices heard with media coverage, which we achieved and we will be following up on the campaign on the 9th June with the Restless Welcome in Parliament to put pressure on MPs to introduce a Tax Dodging Bill.

Add your voice! Send a letter to David Cameron here.

[1] Institute of Directors, May 2015. http://www.iod.com/influencing/press-office/press-releases/government-must-act-on-infrastructure-the-deficit-and-tax-avoidance

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Download Video: Davido – Fia

Download Video: Davido – Fia

As expected, Davido has finally released the official visual for his latest offering; FIA. Davido delivered a pretty decent verse on the Fresh-produced instrumental, which has been topping chart since its release.

Peep the official visual below in a cut directed by Clarence Peters for Capital Dreams and don’t hesitate to share.

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Best Automotive Gadgets in 2018

by Sougat Dey February 11, 2019 at 6:00 am

Top-rated car gadgets and gizmos

Best vehicle devices you need to equip your automobile

In this new 12 months, it will likely be essential, more than ever, to store most effective proper vehicle devices and add-ons, best the usage of top-rated automobile devices you can drive secure and at ease.Image result for Best Automotive Gadgets in 2018

In the online market, we can become aware of hundreds of products and gizmos from this industry, the usage of them you can stay safe and you could enjoy your driving revel in. In this post, we want to expose a number of the most famous products associated with the car devices enterprise.

Fortunately, we adore purchasers, can save from loads of online shops, secure and comfortable, most vital will be to identify those safety systems, don’t spend your money on fake or low-fine structures. Try all of the time to examine cautiously the whole product description and don’t forget to test things approximately the assurance of your preferred merchandise.

In the car industry, we are able to find out extra cool tendencies, each year, new cool technology, gizmos on board your vehicles, gizmos used like car add-ons. Try to decide what you can use for the long-term time period and what are the advantages of this merchandise.

· Portable jumper starter package – this top notch product allows you to plenty, in the one’s situations while you are by myself and no one may be next to you. Using this product on your car represent a smart funding.

Basically, this product it’s miles a battery source to help you to start your automobile clean and cozy. You just need to connect the clamps to the auto’s battery.

The most essential is that the manufacturer’s recommendation is to begin your automobile safe for up to 22 instances on charge.

· Smart Car Adapter – this high-quality device it’s far advanced through Automatic emblem – it’s for a small car adapter that may be used secure and easy, you could plug-in this object to the onboard diagnostics port of your automobile. Using this tool you can obtain a lot of technical information about your automobile.

This gadget assists you to identify distinctive engine issues, warnings, and errors can display to you, for your smartphone thru Bluetooth, in which you parked, your experience history and lots of extra information. Starting in 1996, this product has quite a few updates and new and fresh releases periodically.

· Discover the total insurance heated guidance wheel cover – a wonderful automobile machine for you and for your beloved ones. It is the handiest battery-operated heated steerage wheel cowl that assists you in maintaining your hands warm in the course of iciness drives.

Can be effortlessly mounted, it suits preferred wheels 14 half of inch to 15 1/2 inch in diameter, heats up in ten minutes and it has up to 3 heat settings. The product can offer warmness for as much as 35 minutes and maximum critical that the battery recharges in about 3 hours the use of your car 12 volt adapter.

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Kenya should see Sukuk as the next frontier of finance

by Carmine Brinson March 12, 2019 at 1:38 pm
Comments Off on Kenya should see Sukuk as the next frontier of finance

Ongoing development of Islamic finance in Kenya is predicted to cause certainly one of the largest financial services area engineering and innovations within the country’s history.
Financial engineering includes the design, development in addition to the implementation of innovative economic processes, units and formula of innovative answers.
The essence of financial engineering is to stimulate the pressure toward greater financial performance thru danger sharing, reduction of facts asymmetry, agency and related transaction expenses.
With economic engineering comes a very new class of devices, new kinds of securities, strategies and solutions designed to decrease the fee of funding, prudently dealing with hazard and liquidity challenges and additionally improving return on investments.
One region in an effort to see a hive of activity within the nearby market will be the creation of Islamic bonds, dubbed Sukuk.
As we communicate nowadays, the Kenyan authorities are preparing to trouble the primary Sovereign Sukuk with the intention of diversifying sources of investment at aggressive quotes.
This improvement will place Kenya within the global marketplace as an appealing vacation spot for investors keen to diversify their portfolios and maximise opportunities for exact returns.
Sukuk are considered to be the best profile of the Islamic finance and are broadly appreciated as one of the key drivers of Islamic finance’s speedy integration into the global financial architecture.
Sukuk is the plural of the time period Arabic word Sakk, which means deed or instrument. Sukuk is believed through a substantial wide variety of students to be the root of the term “cheque” because it changed into used to explain any object or report that represented a monetary liability.
The Accounting and Auditing Organisations of Islamic monetary Institutions (AAOIFI) has described Sukuk as certificates of equal price representing undivided shares in the ownership of actual assets, usufructs and services or in the ownership of the assets of a specific assignment or unique investment activity.

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Sukuk traders subscribe for the accept as true with certificates via bills of due subscriptions to the issuer, who can be a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that channels the subscription monies you purchased the defined Sukuk belongings from the originator.
In return, the Sukuk holders get entitled to receive earnings generated from the use of the underlying Sukuk belongings.
The fashionable exercise of the worldwide market has provisions of marking profits due to the Sukuk holders in opposition to a few defined marketplace fees or index together with the London Interbank Offered Base (Labor).
It is well worth noting that Sukuk just like different Shariah-compliant devices are regulated by Shariah principles that restrict provisions of a hobby, investments in non-permissible ventures, playing, and organisations that deliver ambiguities.
The forthcoming issuing of Sukuk through both the authorities or the company entities ought to simply make contributions to the vibrancy of our capital market in terms of threat management, the value of price range, transparency and a growth in investor base, among others.
What makes Sukuk appealing to buyers is the reality that they indicate ownership of earmarked asset or belongings backing the transactions and not a debt obligation as is the case in the traditional bonds.
The asset backing the Sukuk transactions should meet the Shariah standards. For instance, no belongings used for non-Shariah permissible ventures like alcohol production and hands change may be used to back Sukuk transactions.
Sukuk, unlike traditional bonds, are priced in accordance with the real marketplace price of the assets that back the Sukuk certificates, whose sale within the secondary market constitutes the sale of possession of the assets.
Bond pricings replicate the rankings given with the aid of credit score of the issuer and this generally determines the basis on which the sale of the same as “debt responsibility” within the secondary market.
One of the advantages that accrue to the Sukuk holder, not like the bond holder, is that Sukuk cost gets more desirable because the fee of property backing the Sukuk certificate appreciate.
The traditional bonds lack this important feature for the reason that same are taken as debt obligations.
Both Sukuk and the traditional bonds may become cash thru the sale of the equal inside the secondary marketplace and also can be ranked or rated by way of the score groups.
One of the current unexpected development within the global Sukuk market that continues to shake the traders’ international is that of the Dana Gas.
Dana Gas is Sharjah-based fuel producer that declared its very own Shariah-compliant Sukuk really worth $700 million issued 4 years ago beneath the United Arab Emirates legal guidelines as illegal and unenforceable from Shariah angle.
The organisation is looking for to use Shariah non-compliance as the cause for its case to have the Sukuk restructured and have the buyers alternate their Sukuk for brand spanking new contraptions with lower income distribution adversely affecting the investor hobby.
The be counted is coming up for complete hearing in September inside the London High Court between Dana Gas and Deutsche Bank, representing the Sukuk investors.
Usually, Sukuk derives its financing structure from the character of the underlying property available to the originator, regulatory and tax concerns as well as perspectives expressed by way of the Shariah scholars sanctioning the transaction.
What may be declared as Shariah-compliant with the aid of a crew of students could be rendered invalid and non-Shariah-compliant through a crew of other pupils inside the absence of harmonised requirements and guidelines like that issued by using AAOIFI.
This, indeed, informs the want to have one valuable Shariah body that regulates the industry in order to minimise confusion emanating from multiple non-structured Shariah reviews.
Kenya is on route to developing the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the issuing of Sukuk and it’s miles only a be counted of time earlier than we get to peer heightened sports in the economic marketplace.
However, we must exercise due diligence by way of putting in a location the desired mechanisms to deal with and mitigate against ability chance, together with rules, Shariah governance and criminal framework.

Consolidate My Debt – Everything You Need To Know About Debt Reduction Through Consolidation

The first-class viable manner to remove them is pay them off as quick as feasible. If you need to, you may consolidate all your loans and go for a Consolidated Debt Loan. So, earlier than you move for a Consolidated Debt Loan, all you need to do is to put together a listing of all of the debts which you have.

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The Latest News on the Mafia

by Sougat Dey January 12, 2019 at 2:59 pm

Mafia – mention this simple word and it sends shudders down one’s spine. That is because mafia has earned an uncongenial reputation for doing evil past the unthinkable. These evil acts are portrayed in movies, tv suggests, news, and in this day and age, on the net.Image result for The Latest News on the Mafia

The reality is, the mafia represents power. Genuine mafia households have roots that cross way back to several a long time in the past. These households keep their shady sports underground and feature grown very powerful over time. The wealth amassed over every technology is handed on from technology to technology.

In reality, the mafia has gotten so exact at hiding their tracks that the authorities are having a hard time tracking their activities. They are finding it even extra difficult to hint the assets of money. Because of this terrific wealth, mafia households are an effective force to be reckoned with. Their shady sports offers them a mysterious air of mystery, and the out of doors international is dying to recognize what they were as much as.

But no matter their resourcefulness, the government were making progress. Surely, they were doing a little catching up of past due. You will find that the government was making accurate development. After all, excellent always overcome evil. At least that’s what the mafia films usually declare.

So besides reading up at the modern-day and juiciest news, you furthermore may get to observe a number of the finest mafia films of all time. It’s funny how the mafia has continually been related to the films. Perhaps the activities of an actual life mafia circle of relatives have all the features for creating a brilliant film. After all, who can face up to watching a film about politics, electricity battle, and violence all on the equal time.

When watching any mafia film, make sure that you’ve got the study up on a few basic records approximately mafia structures. Otherwise, it is smooth to lose the plot midway thru the film. For example, you must recognize that the Don is on the pinnacle of the hierarchy. The Don is, in turn, served through several advisors and underneath bosses. So it facilitates to recognize who name the photographs within the movies. This will assist you to apprehend the plot higher, for you may start to gain higher insight into every man or woman’s intentions.

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Gynecomastia can show itself in guys as sagging skin in the chest area. Individuals who have the affliction could endure a blow to their self confidence. A lot of of these males stay away from circumstances where it's mandatory to pull off your tops, just like heading to a open public pool. There can be several factors that produce male breasts. One particular justification may be that the extra breast tissue was developed while in adolescence and refused to go away. Even so, in case you desire to feel comfortable in your body once more, you might simply explore gynecomastia (male breast reduction) in your city.

Well before you get the gynecomastia surgery in your city, you will need to select your strategy. You are able to either select a lipo or an excision, where the supplementary tissue is going to be taken out surgically, and naturally, the two could be joined in a male breast reduction surgery. Just before picking, talk to the surgeon and listen to what he has to say around this matter. In case you happen to be extremely afraid of surgical procedures, you must be happy to read about the male breast reduction pills, that have very similar effects to a surgery. Though capsules are non-invasive, the process of reduction is more slow.

The usual gynecomastia price in your city is beneath $7,000. We can't be more precise than this, due to the fact that one can find several factors that influence the cost, and these could be approximately placed in two categories. There are the qualities of the facility and the professionals, like the expertise of the surgeon. Alternatively, there are the factors that are associated with the customer, every man is one of a kind so, he has specific needs in terms of this treatment. Also, it could be worth trying at your insurance company, they could be able to cover the gynecomastia cost.

The approach isn't finished once you leave the surgery room, you'll also need to undergo a gynecomastia recovery period. On the other hand, in case you selected the less intrusive gynecomastia pills, this is not going to impact you. If things get pretty difficult, patients need to definitely call their doctors, they will be there continually to help them out. The enjoyable presence of your pals might make this interval look like quite easy. To sum up, a male breast reduction in your city might restore your self-esteem and you may be able to finally remove your t-shirt happily in public.

I am basically here in order to help you obtain more info regarding best uk gynecomastia surgeon. This is in fact a topic about which it's helpful to know a thing or two, considering that it continues infiltrating discussions. Maybe you're simply curious about this, or maybe you would like to impress other people with intriguing facts. No matter what your reasons are, I really hope that the info presented here can help you and that you are going to read it with pleasure.

Our society advanced as a result of folks sharing their insight. Only by sharing what we went through we are able to help others make better decisions and with some luck, stay away from our mistakes. When someone talks about their experience with best uk gynecomastia surgeon, it features a treasured personal touch, which is missing from certain articles found online. You could also share your ideas on this issue and support other people. At the same time, it's a great way to help with the ever-developing bubble of knowledge.

It is quite surprising for certain people to find out how elaborate best uk gynecomastia surgeon can be. There's undoubtedly more than just one way to evaluate this. The details hide the secrets, hence if you really desire to fully grasp something, just focus on the details. People say that great things come if you wait, so don't get upset if your analysis will take a bit more time than you thought.

The truth is that best uk gynecomastia surgeon is no exception, it includes both pluses and minuses. Often times folks tend to give more consideration to the rewards and overlook the negatives. Having said that, ignoring the disadvantages won't help you, nevertheless understanding them, will. Hence, examine the drawbacks carefully. Moreover, you may not even believe that some of those that are described are shortcomings. The bottom line is that you must familiarize yourself with both the good and the bad.

In the event that you are looking for something special, give a shot to best uk gynecomastia surgeon. In some cases it will not take a big thing to help make your life easier, you will be surprised of how the apparently little things could have a great influence. Consequently, do not write off anything. Folks always wish for more, consequently they are never truly satisfied with what they have got, but I believe that this is a beneficial drive which keeps us moving. After all, we should benefit from utterly everything this life gives. The fact is that whoever you are, best uk gynecomastia surgeon can help you.


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Why email will never be Free…

Hello! This blog is not dead and neither am I. It’s been a long while since I’ve written anything here and the site is starting to look a bit abandoned. I’ve been seriously busy with what I refer to as ‘life stuff’ over the last few months and my ‘tech-time’ has been a bit squeezed, so I haven’t had much to write about. I’m now getting back into the swing of things and starting to think of stuff to write about.

Email. We all use it. It works, right? Well for the most part. It’s probably one of the most used and simplest forms of digital communication available today. Shame it’s so horribly complicated then.

My major task over the last couple of weeks has been getting my new server set up so that it hosts my own email and provides accounts for members of my family. I’ve actually been doing this on and off pretty much since I got the server, but with the release of CentOS 6 I decided to cut my losses and upgrade sooner rather than later.

So I set out installing Postfix and Dovecot, following the instructions on the CentOS wiki pages. I managed to get through all the configuration of Amavisd, ClamAV and Spamassasin and I installed Roundcube for webmail access. Then I started thinking about adding users for my family and came to the decision that I didn’t want to add shell users for every email account, so I would modify my set up to incorporate virtual users and domains. After following a dead end of setting this up using plain text files (which turns out to be more fiddly to administer than shell accounts) I settled on using Postfix.admin with a database based system. Then there were my adventures with sieve, managesieve and Roundcube, which turned into a whole afternoon of getting nowhere.

Now my gripe here isn’t with the software. Far from it, all the previously mentioned software is excellent. Nor is it even with the documentation, although that is lacking in some areas, usually a quick web search will find you a useful forum post. No, my problem here is that I had to do all this in the first place in order to set up a Autonomous Free Software based mail system.

Given that I did this partly for the fun of it (yes I appear to like the pain of making tea), this isn’t really a problem for me. When I changed over my DNS everything pretty much worked, but I’m not your average user. Now, I know there are things like iRedMail, which can automate all this stuff and if I hadn’t wanted to learn how a mail system works I probably would have tried it. However, I’m skeptical as to the reliability of such a system.

This brings us to the crux of the problem. Email is too complicated! Think about all those disparate components I listed above, each of which is developed separately and has to interact seamlessly in order for the system to keep going. If one breaks, you’re screwed. I think this is probably worse in a iRedMail based system as the administrator would have no expertise in the inner workings of the system.

This leads me to my actual point (finally!). This is why people use Gmail, Hotmail, etc. It’s not because they would otherwise have to provide their own hosting, it’s because these services make it easy. I think what I’m basically asking for is “WordPress for email”. Something I can just unpack point it at a database and go, without having to know an what an RBL is. Yes, this wouldn’t be as easy as Gmail, but Blogger or Tumblr are easier than self-hosted WordPress and there are still tons of WordPress blogs out there. It would put Free Software based email within the reach of the ordinary computer literate person.

My fear is that the Free Software community treats email as a largely solved problem. We have loads of great software, which works for those of us with beards. However, until we make it easy to use, simple, cohesive and pretty, email is destined to languish in the land of the non-Free.

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As Time Goes By – A Time Management Masterclass

Fundamental knowledge and skills that positively contribute to making more effective use of your time.

    In-House sessions are available upon request.

    One of the paradoxes about time is that there never seems to be enough of it! Yet we have the whole of time at our disposal. We have time for anything but not everything! It is not time we are short of it is how we CHOOSE to consume it that needs attention.

    It is free – it isn’t subject to recession, interest rates, or inflation. You cannot buy it, sell it, or store it. It is the only aspect of our lives where we are truly equal – every human being is given 24 hours a day. It is personal and it is all yours. Only you can spend it. You can spend it wisely or waste it.

    This course is designed to help you tighten up in many areas of your own self-management. The action steps I have in this course are simple and practical – yet the cumulative effect can be radical.

    Module Purpose:

    This module will equip the learner, and also enhance established strengths, with a range of knowledge and skills that are fundamental to positively contributing to making more effective use of time available each day.

    General Learning Objectives:

    At the conclusion of this workshop participants will learn how to:

    ANALYZE the problems of time management and decide how to deal with them.

    ANALYZE your current use of working time and identify your strengths and weaknesses in effective time management.

    DEMOSTRATE learning and understanding of time management concepts.

    REALIZE more of your goals by differentiating the demands on your time and set your own priorities.

    EMPOWER others by using the five key principles of delegation and create more time for effective decision making.

    REGAIN control by actively managing interruptions, phone calls and email.

    OPTIMIZE team workflow using activity networks, float and critical path analysis.

    UNDERSTAND the value of effective time control leads to increased production, less stress, reduced costs and ultimately more profitable company operations.

    KNOW what are the benefits of making better use of your time to balance your life.

    DISCUSS the Good Things about Stress.

    REALIZE reducing stress in the workplace by the manager.

    UNDERSTAND time management skills can help you minimise the stress of work overload.

    DEMOSTRATE managing priorities for less stress.

    Who Should Attend:

    Managers of any discipline, whose organizational role requires them to organize their own time and that of their team members. Increasingly more is expected of us both at work and in our private lives. The demands on our time are ever present. Time is a valuable resource. Through this course, you will develop a framework and understanding of tools and methods available, that are needed to achieve better time management. You can apply these methods to your daily routines and schedules.

    Learning Methodology:

    Learning should be through a combination of trainer led instruction, audio-visual materials, group work, role plays and student participation in group discussions, simulation games, diagnostic exercises, and feedback questions. The goal is to lead the participants towards learning objectives. The program will be delivered in a training atmosphere that encourages two-way communication in a non-threatening, ‘open’ and enjoyable environment.

    The training program will meet the learning needs because of the interaction and group participation that will be required from each participant. As we work in a relaxed and non-threatening manner, each participant can adjust and warm to the learning atmosphere in their own way. Everything that trainees do or say has relevance and trainer comments and suggestions will be given. We will encourage natural learning methods where their work situations will be brought into the training wherever possible with role-plays, references to their own experiences, and of course their trainers experience. All training will have a direct relevance and association with their work.

    Course Curriculum

    Section 1: Time Management Principles
    Identifying Time Loss 00:30:00
    Urgency and Importance Theory 00:30:00
    Effective Decision Making 00:30:00
    Making and Setting your Goals 00:30:00
    Defining your Objectives 00:30:00
    Section 2: Time Saving Techniques
    Dealing with Interruptions 00:30:00
    Knowing When to Delegate / Delegating Effectively – Delegate to develop 00:30:00
    Managing Incoming and Outgoing Calls 00:30:00
    Organizing your Workspace 00:30:00
    Communicating Effectively 00:30:00
    Understanding Importance of Developing a Personal Organization Plan 00:30:00
    Procrastination – ‘The Thief of Time’ 00:30:00
    Section 3: Stress Reducing Techniques
    Stress Management – Dealing with Stress 00:30:00
    Minimizing Stress 00:30:00
    Balancing Your Life 00:30:00
    What is in Fact Stress 00:30:00
    Section 4: Practical Time Planning
    Planning your Day 00:30:00
    Using Activity Networks 00:30:00
    Critical Path Analysis 00:30:00
    Effective Resources Planning 00:30:00
    Preparing Planning Diagrams 00:30:00
    Understanding the Analytical Tools to Diagnose your Time 00:30:00
    Examine Methods of Effective Time Managers 00:30:00
    Discussions / Coaching, Feedback, Questions, and Action Plan 00:30:00

    Course Reviews

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    If you require further assistance on registration matters, email to

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    Achieve higher ROI with your training budget with In-House trainings, email to
    With 35 years of international experience working with leading companies in over 55 countries Rick Coles has a practical understanding of the key winning characteristics of effective leaders and their teams. Our training will help you achieve business success in areas of outstanding customer service, effective management and inspiring leadership. Our customer service, management and leadership training courses utilize business best practice in creative and innovative ways to strengthen areas of your business. Themed training courses and seminars, such as the acclaimed ‘Shackleton’s Way’ leadership seminar and the 'Moments of Truth' customer service seminar, are available to provide a memorable and rewarding learning experience. Our full range of training, consulting, facilitating and coaching is adapted for your own unique business needs. Read more about us and explore the site to see how we can help you overcome your business challenges. If you have any questions please contact us.
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Pacific Islands Ozone Officers Consider Next Steps for HCFC Phase-out and Initial Kigali Amendment Obligations

United Nations Environment Programme (2018-09-29)

The first Thematic Meeting on the Implementation of the Initial Obligations for Countries that have Ratified the Montreal Protocol’s Kigali Amendment was held on 27 September 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand as part of the Pacific Islands Countries’ National Ozone Officers Network and Thematic Meeting held from 27-29 September.

Briefing and Information Documents


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I spent the day fixing up the UI and drawing some nice textures so its a bit nicer to look at. They are still placeholder.

I also played a bit of Age of Mythology: Extended Edition and got frustrated at the loop icon being difficult to see (or just not showing at all..) so I made a really obvious visual effect for when autoqueue is active. I’m quite happy with how it turned out, and its fairly efficient (the mesh resizes to fit the arrows snugly as they bounce at the start). I would love to hear what you think of it!

Unity RTS – Part 3 – Resource Gathering

Most of the interactions between entities in an RTS revolve around trading resources between the player, environment, and enemy. If we consider unit hitpoints to be a resource, which causes death when depleted (much like trees when exhausting wood or mines when exhausting gold), implementing HP in the same system as other resources looks like a reasonable thing to do. However, in reality, this turns out to greatly complicate the content pipeline.

There are a number of subtle differences between the default configuration for health, and for other resources an RTS might have. By default:

  • When an entity damages another entity, it should not gain the damaged health for itself
  • Health should not be transferrable between entities
  • There is no global player health (ie. player stockpile for Food/Wood/Gold)
  • Armour types dont make sense for other resources

Many of these should be optionally possible, and there are many other behaviours that are shared between the two (animation timing, buffs, range, depletion events). I am not sure of the best approach when dealing with these two similar systems; for this project I am choosing to use polymorphism to expose similar capabilities with different defaults. A base class InteractionAction will provide logic for interacting with a target entity (offering range, action interval, and sub-action logic), with two specialisations for AttackAction and GatherAction, which provide inspector variables and the missing logic.

Eventually I would like to support something like an entity that generates 1 gold for every 2 hitpoints that it deals to an enemy. This will need to be implemented with a 3rd specialisation, CustomAction, which allows arbitrary resource exchanges on various events (perhaps also a boomerang that damages whatever it hits, and heals when it returns?)

Most of the logic for this system takes place in InteractionAction. This class handles moving toward a target, and then repeating an interaction at a set interval (ie. move toward a tree, then “chop” to gather some wood every second). The class internally holds a SubRequest, which is used for the current “stage” (this would first be targeting the tree, but once enough wood is collected, it would then target a resource drop site). It is up to the subclass to override BeginStage to determine the best target for the action (ie. if the unit is already holding its full capacity, look for a drop site, if not, try to mine resources) and call EndStage where appropriate (ie. after the resources were dropped, or after capacity was reached).

The component does not yet support projectile interactions, a nice way to implement them would be to create a new InteractionProjectile component and hold a reference to it in InteractionAction; creating new instances on each NotifyInterval() call, and having it call back to InteractionAction on specific events (hitting enemy, returning to source unit).

As usual, heres a webbuild, and the project files.
The light-blue boxes are resources, dark-blue is a resource drop point, and the other sphere is an enemy that can be attacked.

Things are getting hard to debug without a UI, so I may skip pathfinding and do UI next instead.

Unity Minecraft Voxel Engine

After playing A Game of Dwarves (and despite the super-shallow gameplay, loving it), I decided to build a similar story-driven game with minecraft-style environments. It’ll be a top-down shooter where the player destroys blocks to find resources and weapon upgrades in a procedurally generated world (but with designed areas).

This was being built with a friend, with him taking care of the movement and shooting mechanics, and me doing the world generation and rendering. My focus for this voxel “engine” was to have it be performant, and integrate into Unity as seamlessly as possible. It uses a tree of map generators to allow alterations of procedural maps, and an Editor Script which allows modification of the world through the scene view. I’m hoping to add the last few features and submit it to the asset store. It can optionally generate an optimised set of box colliders for the terrain, making any existing player controllers work unchanged.

Play (Webplayer)

I hope to use the same system to port (and improve) Portals 2D to Android and iOS.

Unity RTS game

I’ve been getting a bit annoyed at the slow progress on the WebGL RTS4 project. I know what the problem is; I’m over-engineering it, trying to design it to be very general purpose and flexible, but as such it becomes very difficult to make progress.

I decided instead to see how far I could get building in a more purpose-built way. Over the last few weeks I’ve been putting together a model pack for Unity, to be released on the Asset Store along with a sample project to see the assets in action; this would be my sample project. The models were created in a hand-drawn cartoony style.

The current version was built over about a week:

  • Day 1: Pathfinding and unit movement
  • Day 2: Resource management, gathering, and melee combat
  • Day 3: Town Centre model, buildings as pathfinding obstructions
  • Day 4: Placement of buildings, terrain fog of war
  • Day 5: Hydra, Unit fog of war, FOW fading to grayscale over time

Some of the code is designed similarly to the WebGL RTS4 port, but with more stuff assumed (ie. only 1 action can be active at a time, terrain is a heightmap, buildings are rectangular).

Play in your browser (Unity)


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Aha, I’m onto you Team Avatar.

I note that in CCP Unifex’s devblog, his announcement that the next expansion is to be called “Inferno” came shortly after all the missiles were renamed, with one missile type also being called “Inferno”.

Coincidence? I think not.

Some careful research has revealed the true nature of EVE Online’s upcoming avatar-based expansions.

Summer 2012 – EVE Online: Inferno

The first expansion will see the optional inclusion of open fires in our Captain’s Quarters, with a hearth fashioned from a disused Inferno missile. Not only will this serve as a statement of style, it also provides an entertaining way to delete items, dragging-and-dropping in order to make the blaze higher. Sometimes things may melt together to form rare loot, other times it will explode, wiping out your clone.

With the ability to invite one other player into your quarters, this will lead to exciting games of fireside Russian roulette.

New animations such as “furtive glance”, “hand-holding” and “knee-touching” will enable players to get to know each other better in an intimate environment ripe for some awkward yet romantic moments.

Jita 4-4 will be renamed Brokeback Station.

Winter 2012 – EVE Online: Trauma

With the release of the highly anticipated CARBON Internal Organ Simulator, players will be able to manually insert their implants in a location of their choosing, with creative placement yielding additional benefits and comical side-effects.

Accidentally put your ‘Deadeye’ gunnery implant too close to your optic nerve and your clone becomes irreversibly boss-eyed. Stimulate your growth hormones with your ‘Yeti’ implant to become fantastically hairy, or shove your ‘Beancounter’ implant into your brainstem and become embarrassingly flatulent.

With technology advancements now allowing up to five other capsuleers to join you, players can enjoy entertaining ‘Operation’ style party games such as Implant Darts, Pass the Kidney and Scalpel Fight.

Summer 2013 – EVE Online: Nova

Nova, the expansion all the teenagers had been hoping for, sees the introduction of fully customisable pole-dancers. As a licensed clone service utilising state-of-the-art AI, Nova will be available on all stations. Nova will do everything she can to please the ship-spinning capsuleer, with a variety of provocative dances. A variety of alluring costumes will be available from the NeX store.

After the first few weeks, Nova will start to expect the player to be more attentive, setting increasingly unreasonable missions, demanding gifts and sometimes requiring the capsuleer to remain docked for the session. The optional male variant (Dave) will just become inactive and sit on the couch watching holovids.

Fortunately, Nova is backwards compatible with previous expansions and can “interact” with all Trauma devices and the Inferno features.

Winter 2013 – EVE Online: Mjolnir

Named for the hammer of Thor, Norse God of Thunder, Mjolnir will indeed allow your avatar to get to grips with a hammer. In fact a full set of DIY tools will become standard in all Captain’s Quarters and will be stored in an all new annexed area of the CQ called the Self-contained Hassle-free Engineering Dome (SHED).

Better yet, the CQ will now be extensively customisable. With fully-featured world-building tools, the player will now be able to manipulate 3D versions of many in-game items and build unique constructions. Tinkering with strange devices in the SHED can lead to the creation of unique and marketable objects.

Unfortunately, every time you dock, you will find Nova has moved things from your hangar and won’t tell you where they are until certain amendments have been made to the main Captain’s Quarters area. Expect DIY missions such as “Wardrobe Construction”, “Curtain-Pole Adjustment” and “Fix the Holoscreen (cos it won’t turn on any more, I don’t know what I’ve done).”

I can’t wait. The future is coming. 😉

Categories: Freebooted

MadOverlord · 27/02/2012 at 02:36

Damn. Someone on the CSM blabbed! Let the witchhunt begin!

Seleene · 27/02/2012 at 02:57

Susan Black · 27/02/2012 at 03:18

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text:
In episode 38, Stacey talks with Gillian Lord, professor and chair of the Department of  Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Florida, about her work researching and teaching pronunciation.

Show Notes

We welcome feedback, resources, and diverse perspectives on this topic! To contribute to the conversation started here, leave us a voicemail or send a text message to (629)888-3398. Or you can follow us on Twitter @weteachlang or use this contact form to send us an email.

You can find Gillian Lord on Twitter @glordward, her faculty page, or by email

Resources mentioned on the show…

the Sounds Project from the University of Iowa is an excellent
way to show articulation of sounds. They have English, Spanish and German, and they also have a cool app.

… Gillian’s PDF of her presentation on teaching pronunciation. (Note from Stacey: This is an excellent resource if you want to know more!)

… Gillian’s 2005 article on teaching pronunciation: Lord, G. (2005). (How) Can We Teach Foreign Language Pronunciation? On the Effects of a Spanish Phonetics Course. Hispania, 88(3), 557-567. doi:10.2307/20063159

blurb 38b

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