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Hilltowns Archives —The Altamont Enterprise, September 18, 2008

BKW notifies of two registered sex offenders in the Hilltowns

By Zach Simeone

HILLTOWNS — The Berne-Knox-Westerlo School District received a notice from the Albany County Sheriff’s Department that two registered sex offenders have moved to the Hilltowns.

Joseph Penk, a Level 2 offender, which ranks in the middle of a three-tier system, now lives at 410 Pleasant Valley Road. His residence at the address was last confirmed on Aug. 13.

He was convicted on Feb. 7, 2002 for third-degree rape; the victim was a 17-year-old girl. He was sentenced to six months in state prison, and five years of probation.

According to his entry in the state’s sex offender database, he’s been ordered to register as a sex offender, participate in a sex-offender treatment program, participate in sex-offender evaluations, and seek treatment for alcohol use.

The school also received notice that Donald Ferry, a Level 3 sex offender, now lives in Rensselaerville at 4371 Route 81. However, the New York State Sex Offender Registry lists two sex offenders named Donald Ferry, neither of whom are listed under this address.

Megan’s law

In 1996, New York adopted a law requiring that information about high-risk sex offenders be made public. The law was modeled on one adopted earlier by New Jersey, frequently called Megan’s Law, after Megan Kanka, a seven-year-old who was raped and murdered by a neighbor who had twice been convicted of sex crimes.

States across the country have had a patchwork of different laws dealing with sex offenders. Some sex offenders in Oregon had to post signs outside their homes to alert others they were living inside. In California, legislation mandated castration — physical or chemical — of certain repeat child molesters. A Louisiana law required offenders to publish their whereabouts and background in the newspaper. A county in Washington State sent out fliers and press releases and held public meetings.

According to New York’s 1996 law, sex offenders must register with the state’s Division of Criminal Justice Services. The offenders are ranked — 1 to 3, with 3 being the highest — according to their risk of re-offending. This risk is usually assessed at the time of sentencing, according to a number of factors, including the offender’s level of offense, its nature, the offender’s relationship to his victim, and if force was used. All offenders are required to register.

Community notification can happen in four ways. A directory of offenders is available at local law-enforcement agencies. A registry, which can be accessed by phone or Internet, is maintained by the state’s criminal justice department. And local law-enforcement agencies are notified when a sex offender moves into their jurisdiction.

In turn, the law-enforcement agency may disseminate relevant information to any entity with vulnerable populations, like a school district.

Pictures and information on registered sex offenders can be found in the New York State Sex Offender Registry, at http://criminaljustice.state.ny.us/nsor/search_index.htm. For more information, call the Sex Offender Registry Information Line at 1-800-262-3257.

— Melissa-Hale Spencer contributed the section on Megan’s Law.

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OFNA Shock O-Ring for X1-CR/9.5 (4)

This item is discontinued and no longer available for purchase. You may want to search our site for a similar item.
This is a set of four replacement o-rings from OFNA. These o-rings are use to seal the cartridge to the shock body.

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Customer Reviews: AmazonBasics Wireless Remote Control for Nikon Digital SLR Cameras
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on February 6, 2011
I just wanted to verify the despite being half the price of the Nikon badged item this is in my estimation a better product. The reasons for that evaluation are twofold. First, it comes with a better carrying case, a soft drawstring bag as opposed to Nikon's stiff plastic which uses velcro to secure it. Second, it is more powerful than Nikon's product. It has more range. My Nikon D90 only has an infrared receiver on the front left of the camera. None in the back. However indoors, this remote is powerful enough to trigger the camera with the remote behind the camera, using bounced signal off the ceiling or walls. I think this is a "best buy". I might add that I also own the Nikon product, also purchased from Amazon.
55 comments| 324 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on September 24, 2013
Just to confirm since it doesn't have any mentions for Canon EOS 60D this remote is 100% compatible for the remote.
66 comments| 140 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on November 28, 2013
It's absolutely perfect for my camera. It's small enough to hold in my hand when taking a picture of myself and it won't be seen in the picture. The price is unbeatable, most I've seen other places were over one hundred dollars. It is exactly as described in the ad and my camera is a Canon T3i. Just make sure when ordering that you select the correct camera, as there are two choices in the drop down menu, either Canon or Nikon.
11 comment| 75 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
Style: Nikon|Package Type: Standard Packaging|Vine Customer Review of Free Product( What's this? )
AmazonBasics Wireless Remote Control for Nikon works with most Nikon DSLR (including D3000, D40, D40x, D50, D5000, D60, D70, D7000, D70s, D80, D90) and Nikon P7000 camera. This is a simple product. One button to trigger the camera shutter. To use this remote, first remove the clear plastic battery insulator sheet (just need to do this one/first time), and it's ready to go. This remote can be used with the delayed remote mode or quick response remote mode. It can also be used for the long time exposure by setting the camera to M mode (manual mode) and when the remote is pressed 2 seconds in delayed remote mode, the shutter will remain open until the remote control is pressed again/the second time.

Three additional things (general condition to note when using this remote):
1. Sometime the camera will automatically cancel delayed remote or quick respose remote mode after idling for a while so you might need to set it again and this is normal (you can set how long you want the setting to stay before it revert to the normal mode)
2. When using built-in flash, the shutter remote will only trigger the shutter only after the flash is completely charged (with external flash it will not wait the flash to charged up fully so sometime photos can be underexposed if the external flash doesn't go)
3. The camera will autofocus (if it is set to autofocus mode) prior to taking the photo after you press the remote button so you don't need to autofocus beforehand

This is a comparable replacement for the Nikon ML-L3 remote control (i.e. both products are good, and work as it is intended). It is great for self/group portrait (using tripod) and long time exposure (reduce shake vs pressing the camera shutter button directly)

Sidarta Tanu
22 comments| 180 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
TOP 500 REVIEWERon January 28, 2011
Style: Nikon|Package Type: Standard Packaging|Vine Customer Review of Free Product( What's this? )
This is really easy to use right out of the package. You just have to figure out how to set your camera to receive a wireless remote command.

Here's a video of me doing that for my D90. It's blurry, but it gets the point across, I believe. Good luck.

Bottom line, I'm very very happy to have this remote. It allows me to take pictures with friends without trying to hold the camera at arms length. I absolutely think everyone buying a nikon DSLR should get this along with it. It seems like a no-brainer must have accessory.
1111 comments| 300 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on October 14, 2011
This remote worked wonders with my new Nikon D5100. It has a really good range (20ft+) and there was no setup involved. The one issue though is I would personally advise you to take the battery out after each use. It will be dead in 3-4 days. Nothing was sitting on it, pushing against it or inadvertently engaging the button. It just drains the battery while not in use. But other then that, good product.
1212 comments| 126 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on December 13, 2014
I would not buy this remote for Canon cameras, and am quite surprised by all the positive reviews. The problem is that this remote only works with a 2-second delay. So you press the button, and 2 seconds later, the shutter is released. The genuine Canon RC-6 remote has a switch on it that allows you to either shoot immediately, or with a 2-second delay. The Amazon Basics product does not have this same switch.
1818 comments| 124 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
Had to get a replacement for my lost Nikon ML-L3 Wireless Remote Control, and when I saw this AmazonBasics Wireless Remote Control for Nikon Cameras, I became curious, so I read the reviews here. Much to my surprise, found that it rated better than 4.7 out of 5 stars when I looked at it, while the Nikon original rated 4.5 out of 5 stars. That was a surprise, so I explored deeper. There was another brand that was even less, but with slightly less than 4.0 out of 5 stars at the time, decided to try the AmazonBasics version to see if it would work with my gear.

Glad that I tried it, as it works perfectly with both my Nikon P7100 and my older Nikon D5000 DSLR, and though my original Nikon ML-L3 Wireless Remote has been lost, this new AmazonBasics version seems to have slightly longer range... not by much, but just slightly longer. It also has a decent soft drawstring carrying pouch, which is far handier than the one that came with my Nikon ML-L3. The Amazon Frustration-Free Packaging was good, and the multilingual instruction sheet was correct in all of its directions. My Nikon P7100 was not among the models listed to work with this, but since the older P7000 was listed, and is quite similar in many respects, I decided to go with it, and am glad that I did.

Read your Nikon camera manual to better understand remote and self-timer operations. I found this with my original Nikon ML-L3, and it seems to be the same with this one. Some Nikon models have only one sensor located on the front, and others have sensors on the front and rear, so be aware of that before you think that you can stand far behind the camera and have it function. It may not. The rule here is to know your camera and RTFM, and if you don't know the term, just Google it.

To use this remote, you'll have to first remove the clear plastic battery insulator sheet from the battery compartment. It will be ready to go, but don't discard the sheet. The trigger on this remote is sensitive, and when you stow the remote away, you can kill the battery. The easy solution here is (1) to remove the battery after use, or (2) to re-insert that clear plastic insulator to preserve the battery. I use the second method. Incidentally, though the battery isn't listed in the product description, it's a standard 3V CR2025 lithium battery that you can pick up in just about any drug store or here on Amazon. There are many brands available, and this is just one of them. The battery number is also engraved on the + side (bottom) of the little battery tray in case you forget.

This is a handy and reliable accessory for many Nikon models, and it's a worthy 5-star alternative to the Nikon ML-L3 Wireless Remote.

33 comments| 61 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on August 7, 2015
This lasted or a total of one week and stopped working. I even replaced the battery and could not bring it back to life. Should be called "Amazon, basically garbage"
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0Comment| 60 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuse
on August 10, 2012
I bought this for my D40. It arrived quickly with easy-to-open packaging. My first surprise was its small size. The whole unit is about 2" long. It looks like a handful on the photos.

To make it work, you need to pull the plastic tab that ensures no battery drain until you start using it. I would rather see an on-off switch on the device. Many are complaining that it drains the batteries in storage. My workaround is to reinsert the plastic tab to the battery when not in use.

Next you need to change your camera from single shot to remote. Assuming that the battery is OK, you are ready to use it. It works in my room, no matter where I point it, because this little device is powerful enough to bounce the signal off the walls.

Overall I am happy with it. It's a great value for under $10, and the original Nikon remote also has the battery drainage problem, and it costs more money.

I would recommend it to anyone with a tripod, whether you need to trigger your camera without disturbing it and thus blurring your picture, or you want to make sure you are in the photo rather than behind the camera.
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Apple Mac OS X Version 10.5.6 Leopard (OLD VERSION)

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Product Description

Mac OS X v.10.5 Leopard includes new interface and over 300 new innovations designed to help customers accomplish any task. Improvements have been included for Mac programs like iChat and Mail, as well as all-new features such as Quick Look, which lets to peruse the contents of a multiple-page document or video without opening the whole file, and Time Machine, which can recover files in seconds. OS X 10.5 has search technology, graphics, rapid connectivity and solid stability. iChat now lets to present movies, presentations and virtually any document during your chats with iChat Theater. You can even save your audio and video chats for sharing or synching with an iPod to play on the go. Communicate with 30 professionally designed stationary templates, keep important notes and track to-do items in Mail. You can now group applications into Spaces and move between each Space with keyboard shortcuts to organize your windows and reduce clutter.

Hello, tomorrow. The biggest Mac OS X upgrade ever, Leopard features 300+ innovations. Explore the Mac of the future today.

Create Stacks from anything to access quickly in one place.

Enjoy a gorgeous new look and organize your files in Stacks.

Desktop. A neat place to work.
From the menu bar to the stunning new Dock, the Leopard desktop isn't just about design. It's about enjoying the time you spend on your computer and getting more out of it.

An eye-opening experience.
Start from the top. The menu bar hovers transparently above your workspace, letting the desktop image--perhaps a favorite from your iPhoto library--take center stage. Dock icons rest on a reflective floor with a bright active application signal. And the look of Leopard extends to all applications: Every window has a consistent design theme, and active applications are even more distinct, casting deeper shadows.

Stacked in your favor.
Take a look at your desktop. Is it cluttered with files you downloaded or saved there (somewhat less than) temporarily? You're not alone. Everybody does it. Time to clean house with Stacks--a brand-new feature in Leopard. Create Stacks from anything you want to access quickly from one place: a handful of documents, a group of applications, an entire folder. Files you download in Safari or save from an email are automatically directed to a Stack in the Dock, and when the download is complete, the Stack signals that a new item has arrived. When you want to see the files in a Stack, all you have to do is click--Stacks spring open from the Dock in an elegant arc for a few items, or in an at-a-glance grid for more. Pretty neat.

Browse your files like you browse your music with Cover Flow.

Finder. Give your files the rock star treatment.
Imagine if browsing the files on your Mac was as easy as browsing music in iTunes. That's the idea behind the new Finder in Leopard. Now you can access everything on your system from an iTunes-style sidebar and flip through your files using Cover Flow.

Grouped sidebar items help you find what you need fast.

The sidebar steps up.
Leopard brings new power to your old friend, the sidebar. Now items are grouped into categories: places, devices, shared computers, and searches--just like the Source list in iTunes. So with a single click, you're on your way to finding what you need.

See what you seek.
Bring your files to life with Cover Flow in the Finder. Just as you use Cover Flow to flip through album art in iTunes, now you can use it to flip through your files. Cover Flow displays each file as a large preview of its first page. And you can page through multipage documents or play movies.

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Stop looking and start finding with Cover Flow and Spotlight. Click a prebuilt search like "yesterday" or "all images" in the sidebar and Cover Flow displays your search results in the perfect at-a-glance format. Leopard comes with a number of helpful prebuilt searches, but it's easy to create your own customized searches as well.

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With shared computers automatically displayed in the sidebar, it's far easier to find or access files on any computer in your house, whether Mac or PC. All it takes is a click. But here's where things get really interesting. By clicking on a connected Mac, you can see and control that computer (if authorized, of course) as if you were sitting in front of it. You can even search all the computers in the house to find what you're looking for.

And now, back to my Mac.
Ever need something on your Mac when you were thousands of miles from home? With Back to My Mac and a .Mac account, you can connect to any of your Macs at home from any Mac on the Internet. Your home computers will appear in the shared section of the sidebar just as they do when you're in the living room.

Improved spotlight searches.

Look deeper.
From the Finder or the menu bar, Spotlight in Leopard lets you search for more specific sets of things. Use Boolean logic to narrow search results by entering "AND," "OR," or "NOT" into a search request. You can also search for exact phrases (using quotation marks), dates, ranges (using greater than [>] and less than [<] symbols), absolute dates, and simple calculations.

View, play, and read files without even opening them.

Quick Look. Look before you launch.
Using Quick Look in Leopard, you can view the contents of a file without even opening it. Flip through multiple-page documents. Watch full-screen video. See entire Keynote presentations. With a single click.

Opening files is so 2006.
So you're flipping through files in the Finder. But you're looking for something specific and you don't have time to open lots of files to find it. Enter Quick Look. It gives you a sneak peek of entire files--even multiple-page documents and video--without opening them.

See everything.
Quick Look works with nearly every file on your system, including images, text files, PDFs, movies, Keynote presentations, and Microsoft Word and Excel files. Click the Quick Look icon or tap the Space bar to see a file in Quick Look. Then click the arrow icon to see the same file full screen--even video as it plays.

Time Machine. A giant leap backward.
More than a mere backup, Time Machine makes an up-to-date copy of everything on your Mac--digital photos, music, movies, TV shows, and documents--so you can go back in time to recover anything.

Set it, then forget it.
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Back up everything.
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Go back in time to restore any file on your system.

Go back in time.
Enter the Time Machine browser in search of your long-lost files and you see exactly how your computer looked on the dates you're browsing. Select a specific date, let Time Machine find your most recent changes, or do a Spotlight search to find exactly what you're looking for. Once you do, click Restore and Time Machine brings it back to the present. Time Machine restores individual files, complete folders, or your entire computer--putting everything back the way it was and where it should be.

Preferential treatment.
Customize Time Machine by modifying the following behaviors in System Preferences:

  • Backup disk. Change the drive or volume you're backing up to. Or back up to a Mac OS X Server computer.
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Drag windows to different workspaces and unclutter your Mac.

Spaces. Room for everything.
You do a lot on your Mac. So what happens when projects pile up? Easy. Use Spaces to group your windows and banish clutter completely. Leopard gives you a Space for everything and puts everything in its Space.

Rearrange the rooms.
Create a Space for work. Create a Space for play. Organize each Space the way you want it just by dragging in windows. Keep all your work projects in one Space and that fun flick you made in iMovie in another. Create a communication Space for iChat and Mail. You can even rearrange your Spaces with drag-and-drop ease--shift a Space and every window in it comes along for the ride.

Make yourself at home.
Moving from Space to Space is easy. Get a bird's-eye view and select the Space you want or toggle between Spaces using the arrow keys. Even the Dock is down with Spaces: When you click a Dock icon, Leopard whisks you to the Space (or Spaces) where you have that application open.

Pick your patterns.
Configure your Spaces by visiting the Expose Spaces pane in System Preferences. Add rows and columns until you have all the real estate you need. Arrange your Spaces as you see fit, then choose the function keys you want to control them. You can also assign applications to specific Spaces, so you'll always know where, say, Safari or Keynote is.

Email personalized stationery, write to-dos, and take notes.

Mail. Think outside the inbox.
Leopard transforms email into personalized stationery. Notes you can access anywhere. To-dos that change as your errands do. For everything you do with email--and some things you haven't thought of yet--there's Mail.

Sincerely yours.
Mail for Leopard features more than 30 professionally designed stationery templates that make a virtual keepsake out of every email you send. Mail Stationary From invitations to birthday greetings, stationery templates feature coordinated layouts, fonts, colors, and drag-and-drop photo placement--everything to help you get your point across. You can even create personalized templates. And messages created using stationery in Mail use standard HTML that can be read by every popular email program on the market--for both Mac and PC.

Notes and tasks help you stay organized.

Noteworthy indeed.
Ever email yourself a reminder that gets lost in your inbox? Mail lets you write handy notes you can access from anywhere. Brainstorm ideas, jot down meeting notes, scribble a phone number--notes can include graphics, colored text, and attachments. Group notes into folders or create Smart Mailboxes that group them for you. Since your notes folder acts like an email mailbox, you can retrieve notes from any Mac or PC.

Much ado about to-dos.
Forget manually entering a new item to your to-do list every time an email hits your inbox. Mail Tasks Simply highlight text in an email, then click the To-do icon to create a to-do from a message. Include a due date, set an alarm, or assign priorities. Every to-do you create includes a link to the original email or note, and to-dos automatically appear in iCal, complete with any edits or additions you make. And since to-dos are stored with your email, you can access them from Mail on any Mac.

Spotlight on Mail.
With smarter relevance ranking in Spotlight, you'll find the right email at the top of the search results list. And everything you create in Leopard Mail--to-dos, notes, and, of course, email messages--appears in a Spotlight search of your system.

Stop the presses.
Subscribe to an RSS feed in Mail and you'll know the moment an article or blog post hits the wire. Even better, you can choose to have new articles emailed to you. Sorting your news is easy, too. Use Smart Mailboxes to organize incoming news articles according to search terms that pique your interest. Mail shares its unread RSS feed count with Safari, so your reading list always stays in sync.

Data, detected.
Say you get an email invitation to dinner. What if Mail recognized the address of the restaurant and let you map directions on the web? Or let you click once to add the date to your iCal calendar? With Leopard, it does. Mail even recognizes combinations of data in phrases like "lunch tomorrow at 12 p.m. at 701 Baltic Ave, San Francisco, CA," making it easy to make plans.

Setup made simple.
Now you can set up a new Mail account in one easy step. Just enter your current email address and password and let Mail do the rest. Mail works with the most popular email providers to automatically configure all those cryptic server settings for you.

Add effects to video chats and make remote presentations.

iChat. Not being there is half the fun.
Filled with fun new features, iChat turns any video chat into an event. Video backdrops, Photo Booth effects, photo slideshows, Keynote presentations, even movies on your Mac--you can share it all using iChat.

Transform your video chats using Photo booth effects.

Share your files with friends using iChat Theater.

Chat for effect.
Transform your video chats using new Photo Booth effects. Choose an effect and your image changes instantly--iChat detects your background and adds the effect only to your image. And the reverse is true for iChat backdrops: Drag an Apple-designed backdrop or your own photo or video into the video preview window to create an effect that will fool your buddies into thinking you're chatting from your living room, the beach, or the moon.

Show off (without showing up).
Why wait for a darkened room and a projector to present vacation photos or Keynote slides? Now you can do it all remotely, right in iChat. Put on an entire photo slideshow, click through a Keynote presentation, or play a movie--in full screen, accompanied by a video feed of you hosting--while your buddy looks on. In fact, you can show any file on your system that works with Quick Look.

Chatting for the record.
Now you can save your audio and video chats for posterity with iChat recording. Before recording starts, iChat notifies your buddies and asks for their permission to record. When you're done chatting, iChat stores your audio chats as AAC files and video chats as MPEG-4 files so you can play them in iTunes or QuickTime. Share them with colleagues, friends, and family or sync them to your iPod and play on the go.

Crystal-clear audio.
iChat uses the AAC-LD audio codec to deliver the clearest possible sound during audio chats. A wideband codec that samples a full range of vocal frequencies, AAC-LD sounds great with any voice.

Still the best for text.
Sure, iChat has a lot to offer for video and audio chats, but text messaging also gets a boost in Leopard, thanks to these additions:

  • Tabbed chats
  • Multiple logins
  • Invisibility
  • Animated buddy icons
  • SMS forwarding
  • Custom buddy list order
  • File transfer manager
  • Space-efficient views

AIM to please.
iChat works with AIM, the largest instant messaging community in the U.S. You and your buddies can be either AIM or .Mac users. Text, audio, and video chat whether your buddies use a Mac or PC. Sign in with your AIM account and all your buddies appear in your iChat buddy list.

iCal. Your schedule is clear.
Leopard introduces a new look to iCal, along with an easier-to-use interface that makes scheduling and rescheduling a breeze. Add new group calendaring features, and iCal works better for business or pleasure.
Photo Booth. Say cheese.
Come on. You know you want to. Your built-in iSight or USB camera just begs to take your snapshot. Open Photo Booth--now built into Leopard--and have a little fun.
Dashboard. Where there's a will, there's a widget.
Leopard lets you create your very own Dashboard widget from any website. And new .Mac syncing keeps all of your widgets on all of your Macs.
Front Row. Put on a show.
Looking for a great way to enjoy all the cool stuff on your Mac? Front Row in Leopard works like Apple TV to play digital music, movies, TV shows, and photos on your Mac using the ultra-simple Apple Remote.
Safari. Still the world's best web browser.
Now your favorite web browser is also the fastest on the planet. With page load speeds to rival every other major browser, Safari for Leopard also introduces a few new features to the mix.
DVD Player. Very entertaining.
DVD Player in Leopard probably boasts more features than the DVD player in your home entertainment system. And you don't have to leave your Mac to enjoy it.
Parental Controls
Give your kids a safer, happier Mac experience.
Accessibility. More user friendly.
Leopard offers new features destined to make it the most accessible Mac OS yet. New voice technology in VoiceOver, along with Braille support, Breakthrough Browsing, and extended keyboard capability, give users with visual disabilities more control over the Mac than ever.
Boot Camp. Run Windows on your Mac.
Leopard is the world's most advanced operating system. So advanced, it even lets you run Windows if there's a PC application you need to use. Just get a copy of Windows and start up Boot Camp, now included with Leopard. Setup is simple and straightforward--just as you'd expect with a Mac.
Automator. Your personal automation assistant.
Automator brings remarkable speed to any task that's often repeated on your computer. Leopard adds even more muscle to Automator, making it easy to automate more kinds of tasks.

A host of new features that make life easier for every developer.

Rock-solid foundations.
Explore the core technologies that power Leaopard.

64-Bit. Advanced precision in one OS.
Leopard delivers 64-bit power in one, universal OS. Now the Cocoa application frameworks, as well as graphics, scripting, and the UNIX foundations of the Mac, are all 64-bit. And since you get full performance and compatibility for your 32-bit applications and drivers, you don't need to update everything on your system just to run a single 64-bit application.

Multicore. Fire on all cylinders.
Today's Mac computers offer astounding performance with up to eight cores of processing power. So how do you take full advantage? Simple. With Leopard. A rearchitected system, finely tuned key applications, and powerful new tools for developers make Leopard the perfect OS for your multicore Mac.

Security. Safer by design.
Every Mac is secure--right out of the box--thanks to the proven foundation of Mac OS X. Apple engineers have designed Leopard with more security to protect your personal data and make your online life safer.

Core Animation. Drag-and-drop-dead gorgeous.
Welcome to the next level in computer animation. No, it's not a feature film--it's your desktop. Core Animation is an API that makes it simple for Mac developers to add visually stunning graphics and animations to applications. Without any esoteric graphics and math techniques, you can create fluid, stutter-free effects and experiences as groundbreaking as Spaces and Time Machine.

UNIX. The UNIX you know. The Mac you love.
What can the fully UNIX-compliant Leopard do? It can run any POSIX-compliant source code. Help you make the most of multicore systems. Put a new, tabbed-interface Terminal at your fingertips. Introduce a whole host of new features that make life easier for every developer. So, really, what can't it do?

Create stunning Mac applications more quickly.

Ready. Set. Code.
Discover developer tools you can build on.

Xcode. Build fast. Work smart.
Xcode 3.0 delivers better performance, as well as innovations that let you create stunning Mac applications more quickly. Enjoy a graphical IDE in which form focuses your functions. Delight in a debugger so groundbreaking, you'll make mistakes just to see it in action.

Xray. Apps, the developer will see you now.
When you need help debugging, Xcode 3.0 offers an extraordinary new program: Xray. Taking interface cues from timeline editors such as GarageBand, Xray lets you visualize application performance like never before.

Dashcode. Widgets without the wait.
Ever wish you could make your very own Dashboard widget? A handy RSS feed of your favorite blog, maybe. Or a miniature photocast of your iPhoto library. Something uniquely useful, uniquely you. Say hello to Dashcode. Now you can get a widget up and running in minutes, even if you've never written a line of code in your life.

Product Details

  • Shipping Weight: 4.8 ounces
  • Domestic Shipping: Item can be shipped within U.S.
  • International Shipping: This item is not eligible for international shipping. Learn More
  • ASIN: B000FK88JK
  • Item model number: MC094Z/A
  • Date first available at Amazon.com: October 2, 2001
  • Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars 511 customer reviews
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,161 in Software (See Top 100 in Software)
  • Product Warranty: For warranty information about this product, please click here
  • Discontinued by manufacturer: Yes
  •  Would you like to update product info, give feedback on images, or tell us about a lower price?

Customer Questions & Answers

Customer Reviews

Top Customer Reviews

The OS comes in a very small package with a little manual. Install took 45 minutes to confirm that the CD was in good condition, 45 more to install. This review is not going to be full of technical jargon... instead a brief first impression from a long time Mac user (circa 1984 Mac 512Ke vintage). For the technicals, go to Apple, read geeky blogs. For the rest of us, I'll try to keep it more straight-forward. They claim 300 changes... here are what I think are some of the more interesting ones... apologies for the length of the review, relative to the number of changes claimed, a moderate length to this review. Updated December 09, 2007 to reflect new experiences.

-Time machine! OK, back up programs are available, but how many of them are sold versus the number of macs out there? This program is native, created by Apple for Apple. All I did was plug in a hard drive and Leopard asked if I wanted to make this my back-up drive for Leopard. I clicked yes, and that was it, all set up. It begins back up once the computer is left on and idle. The first takes a very long time, hours, subsequent back ups are hourly, however only files that have changed are saved, preserving storage space and computing power. Time machine looks like any open folder window when it gets down to it... like you went back in time and browsed around (hence the name). Similar to "snapshot" for those Windows XP users out there.
-Install was very easy. Boot machine, insert CD, restart with CD. The computer verified that the CD is in good condition (a lengthy process of about 45 minutes that you can skip but which is recommended). The rest of the install takes about 45 more minutes, but it is basically all automated. It's a Mac, it's so clever that it's easy.
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THis is a brilliant update to Apple's operating system. Installed with no problems, runs beautifully, and the new features are wonderful.

This OS will not run on older Macs, but will run on any of the newer (last three years or so) Macs -- and it makes everything look clean, new, and runs faster (indeed!) than TIger.

Safari is particularly lightning fast in Leopard. Mail has some wonderful new features (most notably the To Do and Notes features) and everything just looks better.

Note that you might need to reinstall some printer drivers after updating - especially if you have Epson printers; but those are available at epson.com (or similar sites for other printers). Many of the "beta" drivers inside Leopard will not work.

One note: if you watch the Apple video about Leopard and follow their instructions ("You can start the install, and go out for coffee and it will all be ready for you when you return") it is simply NOT TRUE. DO NOT LEAVE YOUR COMPUTER while it is updating. You will frequently be asked to approve the next step as you install and if you don't answer them it will just sit there.

Note that they "say" it will take 30 minutes to an hour to install -- that is true only if you skip the disc verification that Leopard automatically performs at the beginning of the install -- otherwise, it actually takes 1 and 1/2 to 2 hours to install.

One big warning: make sure you check your printer's compatability with Leopard before upgrading -- many printers (especially Lexmark and HP) do not currently have any printer drivers and the old drivers will not work. Make sure there is a driver for your printer for OS 10.5 or you will be out of luck. Same with scanners and all-in-one machines.
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There is a ton of potential here with Leopard, including some very nice new features that makes the Mac even better. The only problem is that the bugs in this first release are so annoying and problematic that I've wasted more time trying to work out the kinks than being productive. Going from the stability of Tiger to this has been a huge dissapointment.

My advice is to hold off a bit until they get some of these issues worked out. Here are a list of the problems I am experiencing on both my Mac Pro and Macbook (other Mac owners are reporting similar problems on their machines):

1. Desktop freezing - both machines frequently have their desktops freeze up, making them inaccessible. The solution is to change the screen resolution to a lower setting and back. **Since the 10.5.1 update I have not experienced additional desktop freezing issues**

2. Installation woes - Leopard's upgrade disc did not recognize my Mac Pro's system drive initially, I had to run one of the programs on the installation disc in order to get it to pop up for the install.

3. Font problems - If you do a lot of graphic design work and are continually receiving fonts along with a Quark or Adobe inDesign document, definitely hold off on upgrading. A few current projects that opened up fine in Tiger simply don't recognize the fonts under Leopard.

4. Back to My Mac - This for me was I upgraded.. Sadly it just doesn't work and likely won't for most of us. Checking through online discussion boards many other folks are equally frustrated in trying to get this thing to work. Apple has recently posted a message indicating that expanded support for third party routers is "coming soon.
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HTC Desire HD — Bluetooth turns off automatically

  • Replies:1
  • OpenNot stickiedAnswered
  • Forum posts: 5

Sep 21, 2012 10:13:29 AM via Website

Since a few days I've got the following problem on my HTC Desire HD.
When I'm activating Bluetooth it starts up quite normally, but after a few seconds the bluetooth connection turns off automatically.

No (whatever) restart, no taking out the battery, sim card and so on helps.
Has anybody got an idea (or encountered the same problem) to solve this behaviour?
Thanks in advance
  • Forum posts: 5

Sep 29, 2012 11:32:32 AM via Website

Bluetooth finally works again and for all who've got similar problems:
- Changing the antenne (integrated in the cover of the accu slot) didn't work
- Deleting all bluetooth apps (or apps that use bluetooth) didn't work either
- Reloading the rom didn't work, too

Only a complete handy reset and reinstall "brought bluetooth alive" again.
(all apps, data and so on naturally were lost - via play store at least the apps were restored rather quickly)


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AppliancesConnection.com Images of Northland 24TF-SS-R 24" 14.9 cu. ft. Built-in Top-Freezer Refrigerator with Stainless Steel Interior, Automatic Ice Maker and Automatic Defrost in Stainless Steel with Right Hinge

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FORT LEAVENWORTH, Kan. (Dec. 10, 2009) - Army Community Service is providing $50 gift cards to more than 400 families of deployed Soldiers on Fort Leavenworth, thanks to a donation from Royals Charities.

Kansas City Royals outfielder David DeJesus, and team Hall of Famers second baseman Frank White and pitcher Dennis Leonard visited post to sign autographs, meet with Army families and present a $25,000 check to support waiting families Dec. 2 at the Frontier Conference Center.

Joy Sedlacek, senior director of Royals Charities, said the team raises funds throughout the year with sponsorships, golf tournaments, auctions and events at games. She said supporting military families of deployed service members was one of the charity's priorities, especially close to the holidays.

"We want to support our Soldiers because they are defending and keeping us safe," she said. "We support our families and our military."

Col. Wayne Green, Fort Leavenworth Garrison commander, said it was an honor to accept the charity's gift.

"We're thrilled to accept this offer on behalf of our waiting families and the Soldiers they support," he said.

Green said the funds would not only support gift cards, but a catered holiday dinner for waiting families and gift boxes for single Soldiers through their unit family readiness groups. He thanked Royals Charities for their gift of caring and concern.

Families said they were especially excited to meet Royals baseball Hall of Fame players.

Maj. Jim Bunyak, Battle Command Training Program, brought his son Dylan, 7.

"He didn't know, I surprised him and brought him over after school," he said.

Chris McCormick brought her daughter, Ainsley, 5, and neighbor Reese Dietzman, 6.

"Apparently, Reese has been wearing his ball cap for about two days," McCormick said.

Jonathan Hokana, Patton Junior High School eighth-grader, said he was pleased to meet the players.

"I was stunned because this hardly happens," he said. "Personally, I think the more people support the military, the happier we'll be. These guys make everyone happy."


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A Meme is born

Adelaide writer and artist Peter Drew looks at various examples of recent street art and the many ways it is circulated and reproduced as a meme in a wired and globally connected world. "As it turns out," he says, "memetics can be very useful in understanding the patterns of street art."

Peter Drew | Feature

This article is only available in the print and app editions of Artlink. Purchase back issues or subscribe at the Artlink online store.


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Post Blast Investigative Techniques I (Course ID EXPL-CS-0013)

Post Blast Investigative Techniques I (Course ID EXPL-CS-0013)

Program Description: This is a basic post blast course designed to teach a systematic method of investigating an explosion scene. The course provides instruction in explosives identification and applications, explosives effects, IED component recognition and evidence collection. The course is delivered at a variety of locations throughout the United States based on requests from ATF Field Divisions.

The course is comprised of classroom participation, an explosives demonstration and actual investigation of a post blast scene.

Student must provide his or her own transportation, lodging and meals. ATF provides instructors, classroom supplies, training materials, and range tools. Student selection is conducted by the ATF Field Office hosting the training. Please contact the local ATF Field Office hosting the course for more information.

Some of the topics covered include:

  • Introduction to Explosives

  • Introduction to improvised explosive devices (IED)

  • Post blast scene processing and forensics

  • ATF team concept

Length of Training: 5 class days

Prerequisites for Attendance: Applicant must be a full time public safety official whose primary mission is to investigate bombing incidents and other explosions. Selections are intended to facilitate coordination of agencies in the area of operation where the training is being conducted.

Application: Download ATF F 6310.1 — State and Local Training Registration Request. Please send the completed application via email to Those selected will be contacted with available course dates.

Course Dates:
Course From To Location
TBA TBA TBA Redstone Arsenal, AL

Contact: PBIT Program Manager at 256-261-7503 for additional information.

Last Reviewed June 22, 2015


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Yosemite Home Decor YP5745TS Single Handle Tub Faucet Head Shower System
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Yosemite Home Decor YP5745TS Single Handle Tub Faucet Head Shower System

Yosemite Home Decor YP5745TS Single Handle Tub Faucet Head Shower System

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Product Description

Available while supplies last.

Single Handle Tub Faucet Head Shower System

Yosemite Home Decor brings you a tub filler and shower head that has style and appeal. The YP5745TS will give your bathroom modern flair. The finishes are easy to match with almost any modern bathroom interior. More important than the aesthetics are the shower set’s safety features and rain shower pleasure.

The YP5745TS is pressure balanced, which means that despite the changes in water delivery pressure, you will get constant water temperature. This prevents incidents where your water is too hot or too cold.

The shower set also comes equipped with a temperature limit stop. You can easily adjust the maximum hot water temperature for the water that flows out of the shower head or faucet. This prevents accidental burning from scalding water. You get a total value for your money with the style, functionality, and safety of the YP5745TS.

  • Wall mount
  • 100% pressure system tested
  • Shower head: 2.25 GPM
  • An intelligent addition to your bathroom
  • Spout Reach : Faucet - 4.75" / Shower Head - 14.5"
Materials:Solid Brass
Warranty:Limited Lifetime
Shower Handle Style:Lever

Dimensions & Weights

Liters per Minute (Max):8.34L
Gallons per Minute (Max):2.2gal

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Category: Shower Systems - 11239
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Kids Competing for Autism Speaks

Kids Competing for Autism Speaks – Youth Triathlon- All proceeds benefit the Pittsburgh Chapter of Autism SpeaksSaturday August 3, 2013 at Settlers Cabin Wave Pool7:30 AM - Check-in begins at 6:30 AMKids Age 7-9Swim 50 meters; Bike 1 Mile; Run 1/2 MileKids Age 10-12Swim 100 Meters; Bike 2 Miles; Run 1 MileTo register visit: addition Information please contact Stephanie Wiggers via e-mail: or Lore Poe at

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July 01, 2010

 CVTEA-accredited programs total 169

Posted June 18, 2010

The AVMA Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities accredited four new veterinary technology programs at its April 16-18 meeting in Schaumburg, Ill.

The four programs granted provisional accreditation were Globe University, Eau Claire, Wis.; Brown Mackie College, Findlay, Ohio; Minnesota School of Business, Moorhead, Minn.; and Globe University, Sioux Falls, S.D.

In addition, five programs were moved from provisional to full accreditation, and two programs were placed on probationary accreditation, which is a status assigned to a program that has specific deficiencies in one or more standards that affect student outcomes or safety.

The CVTEA has now accredited 169 programs in total. Twenty of those offer a four-year degree, and nine offer distance-learning opportunities. Alaska, Hawaii, Montana, and Rhode Island are the only states, along with the District of Columbia, that do not have AVMA-accredited veterinary technology programs.

The CVTEA has 37 site visits scheduled this year and 52 tentatively scheduled for 2011.

The committee's newly elected chair for 2010-2011 is Rachel A. Valentine, RVT. She is a veterinary technology instructor at Tulsa Community College in Oklahoma who served as CVTEA's vice chair for the previous two years.

She said the increasing influx of veterinary technology programs vying for accreditation has been a topic of discussion in recent years by the committee.

"I think one thing we've strived to do is to streamline the review process, so, as committee members spend more time in preparing for meeting to evaluate reports, they can come to the meeting and we don't have to go over every detail of a site visit," Valentine said. "The meeting process where we review programs has come a long way in five years. We're a lot more efficient with our time."

The CVTEA will continue to focus on educating and marketing the veterinary technology profession to the public, she said, which also includes talking to veterinarians about what veterinary technicians can contribute to a practice.

"Really, it's an objective for all of us. Even though it's not in our criteria, it's still important to market (the profession)," Valentine said.


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Financing a Purchase when a Conventional Mortgage is not an Option

Posted by attorney Cameron Kelly

Alternative Financing Methods in a Slow Real Estate Market

Most real estate transactions involve buyers financing the transaction through a combination of cash and conventional financing with a mortgage lender. With conventional financing, the seller receives payment for the real estate purchased, and the buyer receives title and possession to the property at closing.

Periodically, market conditions cause buyers to seek alternatives to conventional financing. In the 1980's, alternative financing methods were common because of high interest rates. Alternative financing is becoming popular again, this time because of increased restrictions on lending and a high volume of homes on the market. Buyers who are unable to obtain conventional financing are finding sellers more willing to provide seller financing for a transaction in order to sell their property.

These alternatives require the seller to be involved in the transaction long after the time that a typical closing would have taken place. Alternatives to conventional financing include: lease with option to purchase, contract for deed, or seller financing through a note and mortgage. What follows is a brief description of these methods, and the impact on the buyer and seller.

Lease with Option to Purchase: In a lease with option to purchase, instead of immediately purchasing a property, a prospective buyer will lease the property for a period of time. One of the terms of the lease will give the prospective buyer the option to purchase the property for a predetermined purchase price. The option to purchase will typically be held open for a period of one to three years. The seller continues to own the property until the buyer exercises the option to purchase.

The advantage to the buyer in a lease with option to purchase is that they have a right to purchase the property, and additional time to secure financing for the purchase. The seller benefits by receiving rental income, and a potential buyer for the property.

Contract for Deed: A contract for deed is a transaction where the buyer, instead of leasing the property, makes monthly payments towards the purchase of the property. This option is more popular than a lease with option to purchase, in large part because it feels more like a sale to both the buyer and seller. There are a couple of reasons for this. First, Minnesota law requires the contract for deed to be recorded, giving the buyer an immediate, and public interest in the property. The seller still holds record title to the property, but the seller's role is more similar to that of a lender. Second, under most contract for deed transactions the buyer truly steps into an ownership role and is responsible for maintenance, taxes and insurance on the property.

Like the lease with option, a contract for deed can be beneficial to buyers and sellers when a traditional sale is not an option. In this option, the buyer obtains financing in a situation where conventional financing may not have been available. Unlike the lease option, the seller has the advantage of passing many of the ownership responsibilities to the buyer, and having a buyer who is contractually obligated to purchase the property.

Seller Financing: This option is less common than a contract for deed, but is another option available where a buyer cannot obtain conventional financing. Using this option, the closing will occur quickly, like a conventional sale. The buyer immediately receives title to the property, but the seller continues to be involved as a lender. Like a bank in a conventional financing situation, the seller will loan the buyer all or part of the purchase price, and receive in return a note and mortgage. The mortgage secures the buyer's interest in the property, giving the seller the right to foreclose if payment is not received. Although not as popular as a contract for deed, it may be worth considering under certain circumstances.

While conventional financing is normally the best option, these alternative methods are available to buyer who otherwise could not purchase. Before using one of these methods both buyers and sellers should seek advice about which option makes the most sense for their transaction. If you have questions regarding the content of this article, please contact Cameron Kelly at 651-705-6277.

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Objects conservators at the Australian War Memorial have contributed this information. If you need more information, ring the Conservation Section on (02) 6243 4444 and ask for an objects conservator. Textiles, paintings, and paper (including books and photographs) conservators are also available for consultation regarding their areas of specialization.

Soot is a mixture of oil, carbon and tar compounds that represent the materials destroyed in a fire. The particle size is so fine that it is able to become lodged in microscopic cracks in the surface of an object and become electrostatically bonded.

Soot is a corrosive substance and its effects can be made worse if an object is touched with bare hands, the natural oils present in skin causing possible etching of metal surfaces for example. Handle objects as little as possible and wearing soft cotton or latex gloves when handling metals or any precious item is highly recommended. Handling will also result in compacting the soot layer, causing it to adhere more tightly to the surface and be driven further into the object. Ensure gloves are changed as soon as they become dirty to avoid the transfer of soot onto other objects.

Cleaning should be undertaken in three stages: vacuuming, followed by dry surface cleaning, and then wet surface cleaning as a last resort.

Safety is important. Fires can release a number of hazardous materials (such as toxic chemicals and asbestos) which may become deposited on the object as part of the soot. It is important to take safety precautions such as wearing gloves whilst handling objects.

Vacuuming is most effective if undertaken as soon as possible following a fire and before the object is handled. The vacuum nozzle should not come into direct contact with the object and should be used without any attachments or brushes which would only serve to drive the soot further into the surface.

Dry Surface Cleaning

Erasers such as vinyl erasers, mechanical vinyl erasers and eraser dust are very effective in removing soot from objects. Only white erasers should be used for cleaning objects as others may contain materials such as fine glass particles that would damage the object further. Eraser dust can be easily made at home by using the finest grade on a cheese grater in the kitchen. Always remembering to wear gloves when handling the object, the dust can be gently massaged over the surface and should be changed as it becomes dirty. Document cleaning pads (available from art suppliers) are fabric bags containing very fine eraser dust – these may also be used for cleaning.

Soot sponges are also very useful but more difficult to obtain and are made from vulcanized rubber. Conservation suppliers Zetta Florence sell a Dry Cleaning Sponge, and other brands such as Smoke Sponge, Sootmaster (for cleaning fireplaces) and Gonzo’s Smoke-off Sponge should be available from hardware stores. Groom Stick is a material used by conservators in the removal of soot and is available from conservation suppliers. Microfibre dusting cloths may be used with a gentle lifting motion rather than wiping.

Wet Cleaning

Wet cleaning should only be attempted as a last resort. As soot is water repellent in nature it is necessary to use a detergent in conjunction with water in order to lift and remove the soot. Only a weak solution of a very mild, pure soap in water should be used. Stronger detergent solutions must not be used as this may lead to further damage. Solvents such as white spirits or methylated spirits may be used with extreme care and applied to the object with cotton wool swabs. As the use of water and solvents as cleaning agents may result in loss of colour from certain objects, spot tests should be conducted as the first step in cleaning before attempting the object as a whole.

Cotton swabs can be easily made by tightly rolling cotton wool around the end of a bamboo/wooden skewer. These are preferable to commercially available cotton buds as solvents can dissolve the plastic stalks, redepositing them on the object’s surface.

The swab should be lightly moistened with either a weak solution of warm soapy water or a solvent then gently rolled across the surface of the object. Do not rub or wipe with the swab, as this may ingrain the soot and carbon further into the surface of the object.

It is very important that the object is never fully immersed in water or solvent. Immersion prevents any changes to the object being easily observed and limits control over any reactions taking place. Cleaning should always be undertaken slowly and methodically.

Treating Specific Materials

  • Wood furniture – wipe surface with cotton rags barely moistened with white spirits then buff with a clean, soft lint-free cloth.

  • Bronze – clean with solvent then buff dry as with wood furniture.

  • Metal and glass – clean with water and mild soap. Follow by rinsing with water and then methylated spirits. The methylated spirits will ensure that no moisture remains behind and the object is thoroughly dry. Avoid using water on iron-based metals, use solvents instead.

  • Ceramics – high fired wares may be treated in a similar manner to glass, but low-fired wares may require specialist treatment.

  • Smells – following cleaning, small objects can be placed in a zip-lock bag with baking soda, clay cat litter or activated charcoal (such as Odour Eaters) which will absorb the smell over time. Isolate the object from direct contact with the absorbent material with a sheet of paper or plastic.

If a damaged object is valuable or precious, or you have any doubt about cleaning an object yourself it may be worth taking it to a private conservator for assessment and possible treatment. Proceed with caution – treatments carried out at home may cause unintentional damage that even professional conservation treatment may not be able to fully deal with.

Cons Dist List: RE: removal of oil and soot

Greaves, J. Fire at the Huntington gallery: a preliminary report. WAAC Newsletter Volume 8, Number 1, Jan. 1986, pp. 12-13.

Spafford-Ricci, S. & Graham, F. The fire at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.

Trinkley, M. Protecting your institution from wild fires: planning not to burn and learning to recover


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The headquarters of the 2/18th Infantry Battalion opened at Wallgrove Camp, west of Sydney on 13 July 1940. Its recruits were drawn principally from north-west New South Wales and Sydney and they trained at Wallgrove until 16 August. The battalion subsequently continued its training at Ingleburn, south of Sydney, and at Bathurst from 6 November. As part of the 22nd Brigade of the 8th Australian Division, the 2/18th sailed from Sydney bound for Singapore on 4 February 1941.

Immediately upon its arrival in Singapore on 18 February, the 2/18th moved north to Port Dickson in Malaya, where it would train for service under tropical conditions. In March it moved to Seremban in central Malaya, in late-August to Jemaluang on the east coast, and in early September to Mersing, also on the east coast. War with Japan was increasingly likely and the battalion set to preparing defensive positions.

The 2/18th stood to arms on 6 December 1941 but it was not until 3 January that it encountered its first Japanese - two downed airmen captured in a hut outside Mersing. On 17 January the 2/18th, much to the consternation of many members of the battalion, received orders to abandon the well-prepared defences at Mersing and withdraw to Jemaluang further south. Japanese successes to the west were threatening to outflank the forces on the east coast. Although never tested, the strong defences had dissuaded the Japanese from conducting a landing around Mersing and using the shortest landward route to advance on Singapore.

The 2/18th's first major action was at Nithsdale Estate in the early hours of 27 January. The battalion lay in wait for the advancing Japanese and sprang an ambush involving three of its companies. It took the Japanese completely by surprise and inflicted heavy casualties. But command broke down in the dark - the complex ambush plan had been intended for daylight - and a premature withdrawal order from brigade headquarters forced the abandonment of D Company behind the bulk of the Japanese force.

After the Nithsdale ambush the 2/18th withdrew to Singapore. It was allocated a position in the centre of the 22nd Brigade's sector on the island's east coast but the wide frontage it was required to cover meant its platoons and sections had to be widely dispersed. When the Japanese launched their invasion on the night of 8 February, the 2/18th had no hope of holding them back, although its positions along the waterfront inflicted heavy casualties. The Japanese infiltrated between the 2/18th's posts and the battled degenerated into vicious scattered engagements in the dark. Like most Australian units involved, it fell into a desperate retreat that ended with surrender on the outskirts of Singapore city on the night of 15 February.

Initially imprisoned in the sprawling Changi prisoner of war camp, it was not long before members of the 2/18th were allocated to external work parties and, as one soldier noted, "scattered to the seven winds". The largest group of 2/18th prisoners were send to to Blakang Mati, off the southern coast of Singapore and lesser numbers ended up at other camps around Singapore and Malaya, along the Burma-Thailand railway, and in Borneo and Japan. The surviving prisoners were liberated in late-August 1945 and began returning to Australia almost immediately. The 2/18th was formally disbanded later that year.
  • AWM52/8/3/18: 2/18 Battalion war diary
  • Burfitt, James; 2/18th Battalion (A.I.F.) Association, Against all odds : the history of the 2/18 Battalion A.I.F.(Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: 2/18 Battalion (A.I.F.) Association, 1991)
Related place
Related conflicts Second World War, 1939-1945
Related events Malayan Campaign
Battle honours
Commanding officers
Decorations1 MC; 2 DCM; 1 MM; 13 MID
Alternative names
  • 2/18 Battalion
  • 2/18 Bn
  • 2/18 Infantry Battalion
  • 2/18th Australian Infantry Battalion
  • 2/18th Battalion (Infantry)
  • 2/18th Bn
Unit hierarchy


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New Review of Autism Research Theorizes Possible Vaccine Link

Just in time for Autism Awareness Month, a very large can of worms… A scientific review of peer-reviewed studies reignites the debate the medical community has worked so hard to put to rest: Could vaccines possibly be a factor in autism?

The study, published by author Helen Ratajczak in the Journal of Immunotoxicology, looks at all published medical research since autism was first articulated in 1943 to the present. It’s the first published review that takes all studies into account, not focusing on one vaccine or ingredient of concern, but the entire history of what the medical community has reported about autism.

Here’s what Ratajczak had to say:   “Documented causes of autism include genetic mutations and/or deletions, viral infections, and encephalitis [brain damage] following vaccination. Therefore, autism is the result of genetic defects and/or inflammation of the brain.” The author goes on to explore possible reasons vaccines might cause inflammation, including the increase in the number of vaccines given at one time, and a surprising new potential culprit: Human DNA. When vaccine manufacturers took the controversial mercury-based preservative thimerosol out of vaccines, they replaced it, in some cases, with human tissue.

Ratajczak says when foreign human DNA is incorporated with the host DNA,  it can change the host DNA.

“That DNA is incorporated into the host DNA. Now it’s changed, altered self and body kills it. Where is this most expressed? The neurons of the brain. Now you have body killing the brain cells and it’s an ongoing inflammation. It doesn’t stop, it continues through the life of that individual.”

While the DNA theory has never been proven, the fact that it has never been disproven, says Ratajczak, means the question is still open. She cites a spike in autism following the addition of human DNA to the MMR vaccine, and to the chicken pox vaccine in 1995.

Ratajczak’s article, is already being dismissed by the medical community.

University of Pennsylvania’s Dr. Brian Strom, a government advisor on vaccine safety, acknowledges that there is an accepted association between vaccines and brain damage (how reassuring) but says that the scientific data finds no link between vaccines and autism. He finds Ratajczak’s review “irrelevant”:

This is a review of theories. Science is based on facts. To draw conclusions on effects of an exposure on people, you need data on people. The data on people do not support that there is a relationship. As such, any speculation about an explanation for a (non-existing) relationship is irrelevant.

Ratajczak herself is from a pharmaceutical background. She told CBS news, who is investigating the story, that she was restricted from publishing certain information while employed in the industry.  This adds fuel to what vaccine opponents have suggested for years, that the pharmaceutical industry may be suppressing information.  “I’m retired now,” she said. “I can write what I want.”

CBS approached the CDC to see what their reaction was to this new development in what is surely one of their greatest long-term controversies. Their reaction? Officials told CBS that a  “comprehensive review by CDC…would take quite a bit of time.” In the meantime, they suggested, parents should refer to their various materials stating unequivocally that there is no link between vaccines and autism.

Read the full story on

photo: Unicef

Article Posted 5 years Ago

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Polly Moore, author of The 90-Minute Baby Sleep Program, defends her NAPS sleep solution. The Five-Minute Time Out.

It’s no secret that new parents are obsessed with sleep. Put “baby” and “sleep” into the book search on and you come up with – I kid you not – 11,172 hits. But Polly Moore, the author of the new book The 90-Minute Baby Sleep Program, thinks she has the answer. A PhD and sleep researcher, Moore created the N.A.P.S. program after recognizing the Basic Rest and Activity Cycle, or BRAC, in her infant daughter. (BRAC is a fancy-schmancy term for one of the body’s biorhythms, such as the fact that, during sleep, people go through ninety-minute cycles of REM and non-REM rest.)

Moore’s plan is this:

Note the time when the baby wakes up.

Add ninety minutes.

Play, feed or do other things.

Soothe baby back to sleep when ninety minutes are up.

Her book details her program, offers tips on perennial problems like early morning waking and provides readers with a handy-dandy sleep journal where you can chart your baby’s sleep. Babble talked to her about how she came up with her plan, why parents get so testy about their baby’s sleep patterns and how much sleep she gets at night. – Jennifer V. Hughes

Every parent I’ve ever known was totally freaked out about their baby’s sleep – how often the baby wakes up at night, how hard it is to get the kid to sleep. Why do you think new parents are so consumed by sleep?

My guess is it’s for selfish reasons, because their own sleep is so affected by it. I don’t mean to say that people are selfish. It’s just that it’s the one area of our lives that has the biggest impact. I think the other thing is the unpredictability. They have no idea when the baby is going to wake up and that leads to stress.

How did you come up with the N.A.P.S. system?

I came up with it quite by accident. I made a bunch of mistakes with my daughter, but what it came down to was not recognizing her signs of sleepiness. I had an “aha” moment when she was about four months old. I had gotten into the habit of rocking her to sleep and I had to take her into this large closet that was dark. One time I noticed that she started to look sleepy and I realized she had just gotten up ninety minutes ago. All the training I had as a sleep researcher and the ninety-minute clock came rushing back at me. Once I started following the clock, she started to nap longer and her nighttime sleep got better in two or three days.

So, you tried it out on your daughter (Maddie, now ten). Did you use it on your son (Max, now eight)?

When my son was born, I thought “I’m going to pay attention to this from the day he’s born,” and it was apparent to me while I was still in the hospital.

I have to say, one of my biggest problem with your system is that it says that you feed the baby after the nap. I nursed my daughter and it was always such a wonderful, gentle and effective way to lull her to sleep. Why mess with that rhythm?

I wouldn’t say to never do that, but what I’m suggesting is for parents to figure out their baby’s signs of sleepiness. The easiest way to separate a sleepy cry from a hungry cry is to feed early in the alert cycle . . . nursing is a natural way for the baby to focus, to tune out the noise of the world. That’s a great thing, but the reason why I caution about that is that if your baby can only fall asleep while nursing you are going to have a hard time if you want to teach some self-soothing.

I’m also a little curious as to the part about being home to put the baby down for a nap every ninety minutes. That makes it pretty hard to go to the park with an older child, do preschool pick-up, run errands – anything. Is that really realistic, especially for a second or third child?

That ninety-minute increment of time quickly expands into three hours within a few months. I remember that was hard because my kids were just eighteen months apart and it was hard to be home for naps for my son because my daughter would have loved to be out a lot more. It happened that my kids could only get full two-hour naps in the crib, but I’ve talked to a lot of parents who tell me their kids sleep in their strollers really well. Again, the idea is not to lecture you, to tell you that you have to be home, but to think of that time as important, to protect their sleep time because it’s so easy if you don’t prioritize it to lose it.

“We have an epidemic of our young people not getting enough sleep.” I realized as I was reading your book that I wound up getting really defensive. Can you tell my kid was a terrible sleeper? I think how our babies sleep really hits a nerve!

It is! That’s why I get some emails from my website where people are kind of hostile. [Laughs.] I’m trying to help you – you can use this information whatever parenting style you have. I have this bias that babies need a lot of sleep. When I look at the data on the effects of not getting enough sleep and the long-term consequences, that’s why I push to pay attention to babies’ sleep.

What are the long-term consequences of not getting enough sleep?

I really think we have an epidemic of our young people not getting enough sleep. There are a lot of associations between inadequate or irregular sleep and a bunch of problems – attention problems, for one. I think there is a strong association between short sleep and obesity. We know from adult studies that you will get mood changes, attention changes, you can even get some consequences of klutziness. There are studies of children and inadequate sleep and higher rates of injury.

How much sleep do you get?

I wish I got more. I am someone who does have some stress-related insomnia. I get about seven or eight hours. We’re long sleepers in my family.

You address several sleep myths in your book, such as that skipping naps makes a baby more ready for nighttime sleep or that solid food helps babies sleep longer. Why do so many myths persist about baby sleep?

It’s because we want them to be true. If parents are looking for some way to take control, to help their baby sleep through the night, the key is more sleep during the day.

Article Posted 8 years Ago

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