text:
SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

vol.20 issue1Leopold August Warnkönig, een voorganger van François Laurent in de Universiteiten van Luik en GentPfandrecht und Niessbrauch - Mehrfachbestellung und Konvaleszenz beschränkter dinglicher Rechte im römischen, im gemeinen und im geltenden Recht author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing

On-line version ISSN 2411-7870
Print version ISSN 1021-545X

Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014

Roman law and the causa legitima for reprisal in Bartolus

Jacob Giltaij*

Post-doctoral Researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki; formerly, Junior Researcher, Paul Scholten Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam

Writers on the history of international law, such as Grewe and Ziegler, maintain that in the Tractatus represaliarum by the fourteenth-century jurist Bartolus de Saxoferrato, there is an analogy between ius belli and reprisal. According to these scholars, Bartolus derived his theory of causa legitima for both war and reprisals solely from scholastic thought. This seems curious, since in the Corpus iuris civilis itself there are numerous texts dealing with reprisals and self-defence. This article therefore aims to establish whether Bartolus did indeed refer to any Roman legal text in his treatment of the causa legitima for reprisal.

1. Introduction

I became acquainted with Laurens Winkel when I attended a course on the history of international law, which he presented at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. I passed this course by writing what I generally refer to as my 'second master's thesis', a paper dealing with the development of rules governing conflict between the legal systems of the Italian city-states in the various works of the famous fourteenth-century jurist Bartolus de Saxoferrato. This paper led to a proposal that I conduct research into the possibility that there might be in Roman law a precursor to the modern idea of human rights. I wrote my doctoral thesis, supervised by Laurens Winkel, on that subject, and obtained my doctorate at the Erasmus University in 2011. This dissertation features many of the ideas treated previously in the master's thesis as well as themes dealt with in the course on the history of international law, such as the reception of Roman law from the Middle Ages onwards, and the development of the notion of ius gentium. When supervising doctoral theses, Laurens Winkel also inspires in his own students his great passion for legal history. Other students will have experienced this before me and it is to be hoped that many will do so after me. It is for this reason that I dedicate this article to him in friendship and appreciation, as a small appendix to my 'second master's thesis'.

The reception of Roman law in the early development of a law of nations in the later Middle Ages and early modern period, particularly with regard to 'private law analogies' as studied by Lauterpacht, is one of the main themes in the publications of Laurens Winkel, for example in a paper published in 20041. Even though the jurist Bartolus de Saxoferrato may be seen as of fundamental importance in both the reception of Roman law in Western Europe and the development of international (private) law2, he hardly figures in the work of Lauterpacht. It was other historians of international law, such as Ziegler and Grewe, who read a type of analogy between the ius belli doctrine and the theory of reprisals into Bartolus' Tractatus represaliarum (1354), which they characterised as a 'höchst scharfsinnigen und eingehenden Darstellung des Repressalienrechts'3. At first glance, it seems that the reprisal Bartolus had in mind does not coincide with a state's right to defend itself, comparable to the right later enshrined in article 51 of the Charter of the UN. It is, rather, a precisely formulated alternative type of legal remedy, primarily available to commercial traders as private parties where they cannot appeal to a tribunal or court4. Moreover, even though Grewe suggests that Roman law did have some influence on Bartolus when he was developing his doctrine of reprisals, he also states that the jurist did not find any precursors of the right of reprisals in Roman law itself5, and emphasises that as regards the 'analogy' to the ius belli, Bartolus had recourse to scholastic rather than Roman legal sources6.

2. Reprisal and self-defence in Roman law

The question whether Bartolus made use of Roman law in developing his doctrine of reprisals, possibly even analogous to his theory on the ius belli, was addressed somewhat indirectly by Winkel in another publication7. He there referred to Bartolus when discussing whether there had already been precursors of Vitoria's theory of a 'just war on both sides' in medieval civilian scholarship. Undoubtedly, these could be found in theology and canon law, as confirmed by Haggenmacher8, but in medieval Roman-law doctrine this was not so obvious. Winkel suggested that a Roman-law basis for a theory of just war, based on self-defence, may be found in D., but that Bartolus did not refer to it. Winkel's suggestion is interesting when one considers the content of this Digest text, which in theory seems to provide the 'sedes materiae' for a doctrine of reprisals and a possible connection between reprisals and the theory of just war:

D. Ulpianus Libro sexagensimo nono ad edictum: "Eum igitur, qui cum armis venit, possumus armis repellere, sed hoc confestim, non ex intervallo, dummodo sciamus non solum resistere permissum, ne deiciatur, sed et si deiectus quis fuerit, eundem deicere non ex intervallo, sed ex continenti." (Thus, the one who comes with arms we may drive back with arms, but at once, not after a lapse of time. We should know that it is not only permissible to offer resistance in order to avoid being expelled, but that even if someone is expelled, he may expel the other, albeit not with the lapse of time, but at once.)

The text was originally written in the context of the interdictum de vi armata, in terms of which one may defend one's property by force if necessary9. This is certainly not the only source of a doctrine on reprisals and self-defence in the Roman legal sources. Selfdefence and self-help constituted a fundamental principle of Roman law in its classical period, expressed by the maxim vim vi repellere (licet)10. For instance, in the early Empire the jurist Gaius Cassius Longinus employed the maxim in the context of the interdictum unde vi as stemming from the ius naturale11.

In this respect, it has been argued that the Roman jurists' approach to self-defence was influenced by Greek philosophy. The following text was thought to suggest this12:

D. 1.1.3 Florentinus Libro primo institutionum : "Ut vim atque iniuriam propulsemus: nam iure hoc evenit, ut quod quisque ob tutelam corporis sui fecerit, iure fecisse existimetur, et cum inter nos cognationem quandam natura constituit, consequens est hominem homini insidiari nefas esse." (And that we offer resistance against violence and injustice, because from this right it follows that what someone does to protect his own body, is considered to have been done rightfully; because nature established between us a kind of fellowship, it is accordingly wicked for one man to attack another.)

In the text, defence of one's own body is said to be lawful because there is a common bond among all human beings. Thus self-defence is not only 'legal' and 'natural' as Cassius argues, but is also, according to Florentinus, founded on a distinctly Stoic theory of justice, one based on a natural fellowship between men13. In view of these texts, adopted in Justinian's Digest, the suggestion made by Mladen that the Corpus iuris does not mention reprisals at all, seems to be false or at least misleading14. On the other hand, the reprisal that Bartolus has in mind seems to differ from the notion of reprisal in the maxim vim vi repellere (licet) of Roman law. Whereas the Corpus iuris compared the practice of self-defence with the protection of legal remedies15, in the Tractatus represaliarum the reprisal is depicted as a type of legal remedy, albeit one enforced by one city-state against another.

3. Reprisal in the Tractatus represaliarum

Does this mean that Bartolus did not refer to the Corpus iuris at all in his Tractatus represaliarum? While commenting on the notion and function of the reprisal in the Tractatus represaliarum, Woolf has illustrated the difficulty of reconciling the Holy Roman Emperor's loss of de facto power with the rise of the Italian city-states in the fourteenth century16. De iure the operation of the statutes of the city-states could not extend beyond their walls. Yet the Emperor was often de facto unable to adjudicate disputes that were outside the scope of the jurisdiction of individual city-states17. This led to a dramatic rise in the use of reprisals as a means of individual self-help in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries18. Although Bartolus reluctantly acknowledges the right of self-defence19, he also tries to minimise and formalise this right in the context of reprisals as much as possible20. According to Van de Kamp, in granting reprisals the procedure is as follows: if one has a claim against someone in another civitas, first one has to go to the debtor's civitas and request a judgment against him. If this fails, the next step is to seek permission for the reprisal in one's own civitas, taking into account the formalities of the statute of that civitas. If the statute does not contain specific regulations, the procedure has to comply with the ius commune. Reprisals are not granted where there appears to be no right, or the debtor finally pays his debt or promises to do so21.

From this discussion, it is clear that there is a major difference between the notion of self-defence in Roman law and the reprisal as formulated in the Tractatus represaliarum. Bartolus himself even indicates this in the Proemium to the Tractatus itself, stating that the question of reprisals did not arise in the days of the Roman Empire, since the parties to a conflict always had recourse to a higherjurisdiction22. In the time of Bartolus, reprisals were thus only allowed when a supreme jurisdiction was lacking23, in which case, they were allowed in accordance with the jurisdiction of the individual city-states24. Therefore, reprisals were only lawful when two conditions were satisfied: firstly, they might only be granted by those who had no superior25. Thus the city-states involved must not be subject to a higher jurisdiction. Moreover, the city-states in question themselves had to be 'superior authorities', which meant that the cities of both the debtor and the creditor had to be civitates sibi princeps, in which the Holy Roman Emperor did not function as a de facto adjudicator26. Secondly, the reprisal could be sanctioned only for a just cause27. It is this second condition that interests us the most: Haggenmacher states that the analogy between the ius belli and the reprisal in Bartolus is to be found chiefly in reliance on a causa legitima28.

4. References to Roman law in the discussion of the causa legitima for a reprisal?

The causa legitima as a requirement for both a just war and granting a reprisal has to be an act of aggression (vis) or injustice (iniuria)29. Interestingly, this dichotomy between vis and iniuria also appears in a Roman legal text, namely D. 1.1.3 as quoted above30. Moreover, in his commentary on this text as well in the Tractatus represaliarum, Bartolus indicates that the act of aggression has to consist of more than a slight injustice31. However, according to Haggenmacher, Bartolus refers to no Roman legal texts in discussing the causa legitima for granting reprisals. Instead, his discussion appears to be based on works in the field of moral theology, mainly by Augustine and Thomas Aquinas32. Certainly, this is the case in Quaestio 1.1 of the Tractatus, dealing with the reprisal in foro conscientiae. In this context, Bartolus adds the requirement of an intentio recta, citing Augustine (Contra Faustum, XXII.74) and Thomas Aquinas (Summa theologiae, Secunda secundae partis, Q. 40, art. 1). However, in the subsequent Quaestio 1.2 Bartolus proceeds to discuss whether reprisals are allowed in foro civili and if so when. Quaestio 1.2 commences by referring to the problem of the debtor's civitas, refusing to provide a legal remedy for the creditor in question33. When there is indeed no other legal remedy available, the creditor's civitas may grant him the reprisal, provided it has 'superior authority'34.

At this point, Bartolus comments on the second condition for granting reprisals, the 'legitimate cause'35:

Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Tractatus represaliarum, Quaestio 1.2.4-6: ... "Causa autem legitima esse uidetur, quod dominus, gens, vel populus requisitus iustitiam facere neglexerit ... Hoc idem videtur tenere sanctus Thomas de Aquino, ut dixi in praecendenti quaestione. Si bene aduertantur praedicta, mihi videtur, quod ius concedendi represalias non iure civili, uel canonico sit inductum, sed magis iure diuino, dicto capitulo Dominus noster (C. 23 q.2 c.2), et de iure gentium quidam permittunt bella licita, l. Ex hoc iure ff. de iust. et iu. (D. 1.1.5) et quod ibi notaui. Et bellum licitum est ex causis praedictis, quod etiam probatur, quia de iure gentium est, quod id quod quis ob tutelam sui corporis fecerit, videtur fecisse iuste, ut ff. de iustit. et iu. l. Vt vim. (D. 1.1.3). Corpus intellego siue loquamur de uno individuo, siue de uno corpore mixto. Vnde ob tutelam unius ciuis potest civitas indicere bellum, sicut unus particularis potest indicere bellum contra omnes ob tutelam personae suae, et suarum rerum, ubi superioris copia, uel aliud remedium haberi non potest, ut dictis iuribus et ff. quod ui aut clam. l. Si alius § Bellissime (D. ... et praedicta puto iuri gentium, et ueritati ciuili consonare . ." (It seems to be a legitimate cause, however, that the prince, tribe or nation which is assaulted has neglected to provide justice . Saint Thomas Aquinas seems to hold the same, as I have stated in the preceding quaestio. If the aforementioned things are correctly observed, it seems to me that the right to concede reprisals is not introduced by civil or canon law, but rather by divine law, as in C. 23 q.2 c.2, referred to above, and on the basis of the law of nations just wars are simply allowed, as stated in D. 1.1.5 and my commentary on that provision. And a war is permitted on the grounds mentioned above, which is also demonstrated because it is in conformity with the law of nations that what one does to protect one's body is regarded as having been done justly, as is stated in D. 1.1.3. I understand the term body to mean either a specific body or a 'united body'. Hence, in order to protect one citizen the state is entitled to declare war, just as one individual is entitled to declare war against all to protect himself and his assets, where there is no recourse to a supreme authority or another remedy, as in the provisions mentioned and in D. ... and I am of the opinion the aforementioned is in conformity with the law of nations and the civil truth . .)

Apart from the references to Thomas Aquinas and the Decretum Gratiani, we find several allusions to texts from the Corpus iuris civilis in this part of the Tractatus represaliarum. According to Bartolus, the ultimate source for reprisals is not civil or canon law, but rather divine law and the law of nations36. Then the law of nations is discussed, firstly following D. 1.1.5, which states that wars were introduced by the ius gentium37. Secondly, since both texts consider the content of the ius gentium, Bartolus relates D. 1.1.5 to D. 1.1.3. Constructing an analogy between war and reprisal, the just cause for both under the law of nations is the tutela corporis or the protection of one's own body, or of the 'united body' of citizens as a whole. Finally, we do indeed come across a reference to a text taken from a Digest-rubric regarding the interdictum de vi38. The text concerns a defence (exceptio) seeking to bar the interdict in question, to be used when someone has of his own accord demolished a building that was constructed by force or secretly. The text makes it clear that this form of self-help should be used only when there is good and sufficient cause to do so39. It may be argued that Bartolus refers to the text because a legal remedy is available in the first place, which illustrates the point he made in the Proemium about the mutual exclusivity of legal remedy and reprisal40.

5. Conclusion

While Bartolus may refer to D. 1.1.3 and other Roman legal sources in this context, it is clear that the reasoning in the Roman texts differs from that of Bartolus. D. 1.1.3 does not explicitly state war to be a consequence of the absence of a legal remedy. Nor is recourse to a supreme jurisdiction suggested as an alternative to reprisal in the text. Moreover, whether scholastic or canon law thinkers or Bartolus himself equated violence against one citizen with a transgression against a 'united body' of citizens, this idea is certainly not to be found in the Roman legal sources. On the other hand, the analogy between reprisal and war that was emphasised in the Tractatus represaliarum and referred to by Ziegler, Haggenmacher and Grewe is partially formulated according to texts from the Corpus iuris civilis. This follows from the connection Bartolus makes between D. 1.1.3 and D 1.1.5, both pertaining to ius gentium. The texts allow Bartolus to declare tutela corporis to be a causa legitima for reprisal. Furthermore, he refers to texts from the Corpus iuris civilis in order to emphasise the basic unlawfulness of reprisal as compared to legal remedies. Therefore it seems that Bartolus does not derive his views on the causa legitima for reprisal from any single source or school of thought. As is perhaps typical of the approach of Bartolus, canon law and scholastic thought, as well as Roman legal sources, all feature in the Tractatus represaliarum.

* The author wishes to express his grateful thanks to Prof. dr. J. Hallebeek (VU Amsterdam) for his comments and suggestions.
1 L. Winkel 'The peace treaties of Westphalia as an instance of the reception of Roman law' in R. Lesaffer (ed.) Peace Treaties and International Law in European History. From the Late Middle Ages to World War One (2004) 222-237,         [ Links ] generally referring to Lauterpacht's private-law analogies at 224; and to uti possidetis at 230; and military occupation at 232 in the treaty of Westphalia in particular. Cf. H. Lauterpacht, Private Law Sources and Analogies of International Law (1927); R. Lesaffer, 'Argument from Roman law in current international law. Occupation and acquisitive prescription' 2005 European Journal of International Law 25-58.         [ Links ]
2 For instance, K.-H. Ziegler 'Die römischen Grundlagen des europäischen Völkerrechts' 1972 Ius commune IV 16; P. Stein 'Bartolus, the conflict of laws and the Roman law' in The Character and Influence of the Roman Civil Law (1988) 83-90.
3 Q. 3.2.3: concedere repraesalias est indicere bellum; Ziegler (n. 2) 17; G. Grewe Epochen der Völkerrechtsgeschichte (1984) 145.
4 Grewe (n. 3) 145-146.
5 Idem 146.
6 Idem 147.
7 L. Winkel 'Francisco de Vitoria on just war on both sides and on the legal position of Burgundy' 2007 Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 358.         [ Links ]
8 Ibid.; cf. P. Haggenmacher Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre juste (1983) 209-221.
9 O. Lenel Das Edictum perpetuum (1883) 374-376.
10 T. Mayer-Maly 'vis' RE 2 17 Band IX A1 (1961) col. 318: 'eines Zeitpunkts vor Cassius und Sabinus', referring to Pro Milone 10-11, but also Cicero is 'kaum der Erste'.
11 D.; O. Lenel Palingenesia juris civilis I (1889) col. 122 no. 118; A. Wacke 'Notwehr und Notstand bei der Aquilischen Haftung. Dogmengeschichtliches über Selbstverteidigung und Aufopferung' 1989 ZRG RA 474. Compare T. Mommsen Römisches Strafrecht (1899) 620-621; Mayer-Maly (n. 10) col. 314; W. Waldstein 'Vorpositive Ordnungselemente im Römischen Recht' 1967 Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 1-26.
12 Lenel (n. 11) col. 171 no. 1; L. Winkel 'Die stoische oikeiosis-Lehre und Ulpians Definition der Gerechtigkeit' 1988 ZRG RA 677-678.
13 E. Schrage Libertas est facultas naturalis (1975) 41 n. 42; H. Wagner Studien zur allgemeinen Rechtslehre des Gaius (1978) 166; Winkel (n. 12) 677-678; Wacke (n. 11) 474 n. 28; J. Giltaij Mensenrechten in het Romeinse recht? (2011) 137-138.
14 L.M. Mladen 'Bartolus the man' 1978 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 334.         [ Links ]
15 See also D.; Lenel (n. 11) col. 1280 no. 1809; Mayer-Maly (n. 10) col. 314-315; Wacke (n. 11) 474.
16 C.N.S. Woolf Bartolus of Sassoferrato (1913) 203-204.
17 Woolf (n. 16) 204; Q.R.D. Skinner The Foundations of Modern Political Thought I (1978) 10-12; Stein (n. 2) 85.
18 J.G. O'Brien 'In defense of the mystical body: Giovanni da Legnano's theory of reprisals' 2002 Roman Legal Tradition 26.         [ Links ]
19 Woolf (n. 16) 202 conceded to the 'bannitus''de iure naturali' and 'de iure gentium'. In his comment on D. 1.1.3, Bartolus makes the same distinction: Bartolus de Saxoferrato Opera omnia (1589) ad D Calasso, among others, indicates the basic view in the works of Bartolus that reprisals were unlawful: F. Calasso Medio evo del diritto I. Le fonti (1954) 576.
20 Similarly, in one of his consilia (no. 228), Bartolus declares a judgment in a case involving selfdefence void, since the plea had not been properly considered, and witnesses had not been heard. The decision is founded on Roman law, with regard not to the legality of the act or the plea itself, but the procedural aspects; D. 4.7.1pr.: H. Coing 'Die Anwendung des Corpus Iuris in den Consilien des Bartolus' in D. Simon (ed.) Gesammelte Aufsätze I (1982) 145.
21 J.L.J. van de Kamp Bartolus de Saxoferrato 1313-1357 (1936) 56-57.
22 Proemium to the Tractatus represaliarum as quoted by Woolf (n. 16) 203. Also, Van de Kamp (n. 21) 56.
23 Woolf (n. 16) 204-205: Q. 2.5.12 and Q. 3.2.3. See also, Giovanni da Legnano's theory: O'Brien (n. 18) 26 n. 3.
24 Woolf (n. 16) 204: Q. 3.2.4.
25 Woolf (n. 16) 204; O'Brien (n. 18) 30 n.20; Q. 3.2.3: et sic ex parte concedentis represalias requiritur quod sit talis qui superiorem non habet.
26 J.N. Figgis 'Bartolus and the development of European political ideas' 1905 Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 157-159; Skinner (n. 17) 11-12; M. Ryan 'Bartolus of Sassoferrato and free cities' 2000 Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 66, 84-85. The distinction between de iure and de facto authority is moot according to Van de Kamp (n. 21) 56.
27 Woolf (n. 16) 205:Q. 1.2.4, see below.
28 Haggenmacher (n.8) 169 n. 633: Q. 1.2.4.
29 Haggenmacher (n.8) 170 n. 636: Q. 2.4.
30 Apart from D. 1.1.3, also Florentinus in D. 1.5.4pr.: nisi si quid vi aut iure prohibetur; Schrage (n. 13) 47.
31 Compare Bartolus (n. 19) ad D. and Haggenmacher (n. 8) 170.
32 Haggenmacher (n. 8) 169, and 154 for the just war-theories of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas.
33 Q. 1.2.3: Et (represaliae) sint licitae, cum gens, et populus iustitia requisiti facere neglexerint, ut C. 23 q. 2 c. 2 ubi hoc est expressum. C. 23 q. 2 c. 2 'Dominus noster' of the Decretum Gratiani concerns the conditions for waging a just war.
34 Woolf (n. 16) 205 n. 2; Q. 1.2.4: Doctores omnes communiter in sententiam istam inclinant quod si quidem contra illum hominum vel populum, qui iustitiam facere et debitum reddere neglegit, potest haberi recursus ad superiorem, tunc represaliae sunt licitae duobus intervenientibus. Primo requiritur superioris auctoritas; non enim licet alicui sua auctoritate ius sibi dicere ... .
35 For the text, I have used Bartolus de Saxoferrato Omnium iuris interpretum antesignani consilia, quaestiones et tractatus (Venice 1590) adn. Iacobi Anelli de Bottis vol. X.
36 Woolf (n. 16) 206; O'Brien (n. 18) 30.
37 D. 1.1.5: Ex hoc iure gentium introducta bella, discretae gentes, regna condita, dominia distincta, agris terminipositi, aedificia collocata, commercium, emptiones venditiones, locationes conductiones, obligationes institutae exceptis quibusdam quae iure civili introductae sunt. Bartolus (n. 19) ad D. notes a war is legitimate to defend oneself as stated in D. 1.1.3.
38 Though not the interdictum de vi armata, but the interdictum quod vi aut clam: Lenel (n. 9) 387. See, also, Q. 1.2.3-4 which contains a similar reference.
39 D. Bellissime apud Iulianum quaeritur, an haec exceptio noceat in hoc interdicto quod non tu vi aut clam feceris'? ... Quod non aliter procedere debet, nisi ex magna et satis necessaria causa; alioquin haec omnia officio iudicis celebrari oportet.
40 Compare on Roman law: Mayer-Maly (n. 10) col. 323: 'der Gegensatz zwischen individuellem und behördlichem Vorgehen dargegen beherrschte gewiß schon die Vorstellung der Klassiker'.

Creative Commons License All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Type: response

text:
Chief backs expansion of exhibition centre

PUBLISHED : Thursday, 23 July, 2009, 12:00am
UPDATED : Thursday, 23 July, 2009, 12:00am

Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen has thrown his support behind plans for a third expansion of the Convention and Exhibition Centre, calling it 'my dream'.

It was the strongest indication yet that the proposal will go ahead.

Speaking at the launch of the 20th Hong Kong Book Fair yesterday, Mr Tsang said: 'I would like to assure you that continued investment in high-quality convention and exhibition infrastructure, soft as well as hard, forms a key part of our strategy.

'The government and the [Trade Development Council] are actively examining the case for a Phase 3 expansion of the HKCEC.

'It appears, according to my colleagues, that we will have to move existing government buildings and public facilities to make room for the extension. For this purpose, we need to consult the public on the way ahead and balance the interests involved, but I think so far the TDC has made a very strong case and we have to consider very carefully. The option remains open and Phase 3 remains my dream.'

The comments echo similar remarks he made in his policy address in October, when he stressed the need to increase the exhibition area of the Wan Chai venue to maintain Hong Kong's position as a convention and exhibition hub. He said the government and TDC were examining the feasibility of the expansion.

Exhibition space at the Wan Chai venue grew 40 per cent, to 66,000 square metres, after work on expanding the atrium was completed about three months ago. But the council, which manages the centre, has long argued that a minimum of 100,000 square metres is needed to compete with venues in Macau, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

A spokesman for the AsiaWorld-Expo centre at Chek Lap Kok said there was still ample exhibition space in Hong Kong but called for more efficient use of existing venues.

warcinfo:
robots: classic
hostname: ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal
software: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-36
operator: CommonCrawl Admin
description: Wide crawl of the web for August 2016
publisher: CommonCrawl
format: WARC File Format 1.0
conformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf


text:
Council project helps feed community, improve environment

Castlecorp depot land after landscaping and establishing vegetable gardens.

News Release
Tuesday 22 January 2013

Council project helping feed local community and improve environment

ROTORUA 22.01.13: A Rotorua District Council project to help reduce dust in Ngapuna has resulted in over 100kg of vegetables being donated so far to the Salvation Army food bank to help needy residents.

Mayor Kevin Winters says staff from the council’s maintenance business unit, Castlecorp, developed vegetable gardens at their Vaughan Road headquarters in August last year. He said the project was part of a Dust Management Plan in conjunction with Environment Bay of Plenty, aimed at reducing dust in the Ngapuna industrial area.

“The result is a win-win-win outcome for Rotorua. We’ve been able to supply freshly harvested vegetables to help feed some of our more needy residents, we have a reduction in dust in the local environment and we’ve made some substantial savings by recycling waste material that would otherwise incur waste disposal costs,” said Mr Winters.

Castlecorp general manager Mike Davies said there had been concern about the amount of dust generated in Ngapuna from unsealed areas and uncovered stockpiles of soil and waste.

“Rather than seal or grass the land behind our council depot, it made sense to have it landscaped, and put to a more practical use that would benefit our community,” he said.

“There was quite a lot of surplus material and rubbish accumulating in our back yard, such as excess materials from work sites. So instead of carting it away to the landfill we used that material to form a protective bund and garden surrounds, which were then planted with herbs and vegetables.

“By utilising left-over waste materials we’ve effectively saved in excess of $20,000 in landfill charges. The only costs incurred have been staff time and landscaping machinery, and about $500 on vegetable plants and trees which has been recovered through the sale of surplus scrap metal.

“It’s been a really satisfying project in terms of recycling and looking after our environment. As well as utilising excess materials, we’ve relocated trees and shrubs that had been removed from the CBD, and our mulch has come from tree branches that we’d had to cut down over the previous months.”

Mr Davies met with Salvation Army staff at the end of last year to offer their foodbank fresh vegetables from the new gardens and the offer was well received.

He said small deliveries were made to the Salvation Army prior to Christmas and over following weeks. However last week Castlecorp staff harvested and delivered a further 100kg of new potatoes, silverbeet, cabbage and carrots to the non-profit organisation for distribution to people in need.

“It was initially a trial to control dust but the help we’ve been able to give to our community has been an extra bonus. Because it worked so well this summer and our vegetables were of high quality, we’re looking at further developing and expanding the gardens we currently have.

"Our new vegie gardens have certainly made a big difference to the aesthetics of our back yard and have been very effective in reducing dust. It now looks beautiful and it's creating quality produce for those in need. We're feeding the community we care for which is very satisfying," said Mr Davies.

He said lettuce, cauliflower, leeks, kamokamo, strawberries, and fruit trees have also been planted for the next harvest.

© Scoop Media

Parliament Headlines | Politics Headlines | Regional Headlines

Departure Speech: Governor-General’s State Farewell Luncheon

"...Unfortunately I was unable to get to the Antarctic, the Chatham Islands and the Kermadecs. A dicky heart thwarted our travel to the Antarctic; and even though I volunteered to parachute into the Kermadecs to join the Young Blake expedition, time, commitments and officials frustrated my plans to visit the Kermadecs and Chathams." More>>

New Research: Most Homeless People Working Or Studying

“The cost of housing has been rising without corresponding increases in income, whilst the number of state houses per capita has been in decline. Many low-income people are missing out on housing, whether we recognise them as ‘homeless’ or not. More>>

Post-Traynor: New Offender Info Sharing Plan

“This Bill delivers on that step-change by moving away from name-based records held by individual agencies to a shared, anchor identity based on unalterable information, such as fingerprints and facial recognition. It also gives agencies access to the drivers’ licence photo database and birth, death and marriages information." More>>

  • NZ Law Foundation - New $2M fund for research on information challenges
  • Littoral: New Ship To Deliver Enhanced Naval Capability

    Defence Minister Gerry Brownlee says the Government has approved a Ministry of Defence and New Zealand Defence Force recommendation to request tenders for a new naval ship to support littoral operations. More>>

    After King's Labour Snub: Māori Party And Kiingitanga To Work Together

    Māori Party Co-leaders Te Ururoa Flavell and Marama Fox met with Kiingitanga representatives in Wellington yesterday to discuss working together on key issues for the betterment of Māori. More>>

    Waitangi Claim On Rehabilitation: The 'Justus' System For Māori Not Good Enough

    Closing statements at the Waitangi Tribunal case against Corrections called for immediate steps and a comprehensive review to address the high rate of Māori reoffending. More>>

    Advice: PM Sets Rules For Ministers' Treatment Of Public Servants

    Prime Minister John Key has laid down the law about the way ministers and public servants should interact, saying ministers may not always like the advice they receive, but they must listen to it carefully, respectfully and professionally. More>>

    Gordon Campbell: On The Funding Changes In Special Needs Education, And Uber

    The plan to strip out the educational support for older “special needs” children in order to meet the existing shortfall in funding for special needs in early childhood education is so miserly and relentlessly stupid as to defy belief… More>>

    Online Learning Plans:

    Get More From Scoop

    Search Scoop
    Powered by Vodafone
    NZ independent news


text:
Searching for Dunedin’s Local Heroes

Media Release, for immediate release, Monday 13 January 2014

Searching for Dunedin’s Local Heroes

Entries for the annual Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards open today. The Awards, which are run in partnership with the Dunedin City Council, are open to all voluntary groups and organisations working to make Dunedin a better place to live.

Since the Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards began in 2001 more than $65,000 has been given away to deserving voluntary groups and organisations, and this year more than $5000 is up for grabs.

Anyone can enter a voluntary group or organisation for the Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards – voluntary groups and organisations can even enter themselves.

Last year 98 groups were entered for the Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards. Trustpower Community Relations Representative Emily Beaton is looking forward to seeing the community get on board to recognise more of these local unsung heroes.

“Voluntary groups are a formidable force of good in the Dunedin community and everyday members benefit from their hard work. From the teams that work behind the scenes at community events to the supportive coaches on the side-lines to the tireless fundraising teams; volunteers are in every corner of this region but often they are not recognised for the invaluable work they do.

One of the best ways to demonstrate the importance of volunteering to the Dunedin community is to ensure volunteers' contributions are recognised, valued and accounted for.

Now you have the chance to say ‘thank you’ to these volunteers who work hard to improve the community – just by filling out an entry form. It takes just a few minutes of your time to enter a group but it will make a real difference to the volunteers you are recognising,” says Miss Beaton.

Locals have until 5pm on Friday 7 March to get entries in for this year’s Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards. Forms are available from Council offices or service centres or can be completed online at www.trustpower.co.nz/communityawards. Entry Forms can also be received by calling Emily Beaton on 0800 87 11 11.

The awards cover five categories; Heritage and Environment, Health and Wellbeing, Arts and Culture, Sport and Leisure, and Education and Child/Youth Development. Category winners receive $500, runners-up receive $250 and the Supreme Winner will take home $1,500 and an all-expenses paid trip for two representatives to the 2014 Trustpower National Community Awards. Last year’s Trustpower Dunedin Community Awards Supreme Winner was The Neurological Foundation Southern Chair of Neurosurgery.

© Scoop Media

Parliament Headlines | Politics Headlines | Regional Headlines

Departure Speech: Governor-General’s State Farewell Luncheon

"...Unfortunately I was unable to get to the Antarctic, the Chatham Islands and the Kermadecs. A dicky heart thwarted our travel to the Antarctic; and even though I volunteered to parachute into the Kermadecs to join the Young Blake expedition, time, commitments and officials frustrated my plans to visit the Kermadecs and Chathams." More>>

New Research: Most Homeless People Working Or Studying

“The cost of housing has been rising without corresponding increases in income, whilst the number of state houses per capita has been in decline. Many low-income people are missing out on housing, whether we recognise them as ‘homeless’ or not. More>>

Post-Traynor: New Offender Info Sharing Plan

“This Bill delivers on that step-change by moving away from name-based records held by individual agencies to a shared, anchor identity based on unalterable information, such as fingerprints and facial recognition. It also gives agencies access to the drivers’ licence photo database and birth, death and marriages information." More>>

  • NZ Law Foundation - New $2M fund for research on information challenges
  • Littoral: New Ship To Deliver Enhanced Naval Capability

    Defence Minister Gerry Brownlee says the Government has approved a Ministry of Defence and New Zealand Defence Force recommendation to request tenders for a new naval ship to support littoral operations. More>>

    After King's Labour Snub: Māori Party And Kiingitanga To Work Together

    Māori Party Co-leaders Te Ururoa Flavell and Marama Fox met with Kiingitanga representatives in Wellington yesterday to discuss working together on key issues for the betterment of Māori. More>>

    Waitangi Claim On Rehabilitation: The 'Justus' System For Māori Not Good Enough

    Closing statements at the Waitangi Tribunal case against Corrections called for immediate steps and a comprehensive review to address the high rate of Māori reoffending. More>>

    Advice: PM Sets Rules For Ministers' Treatment Of Public Servants

    Prime Minister John Key has laid down the law about the way ministers and public servants should interact, saying ministers may not always like the advice they receive, but they must listen to it carefully, respectfully and professionally. More>>

    Gordon Campbell: On The Funding Changes In Special Needs Education, And Uber

    The plan to strip out the educational support for older “special needs” children in order to meet the existing shortfall in funding for special needs in early childhood education is so miserly and relentlessly stupid as to defy belief… More>>

    Online Learning Plans:

    Get More From Scoop

    Search Scoop
    Powered by Vodafone
    NZ independent news


text:
Helping children in palliative care

Helping children in palliative care

5 March 2014

Imagine the pain of nursing your terminally ill child.

It is without a doubt the worst thing a parent could ever go through. However, it’s a reality for hundreds of New Zealand families every year.

Throughout the weeks and months (and occasionally years) of a child’s terminal illness many families experience a gentle slide into poverty, as one or both parents stop working.

The Harcourts Foundation is proud to be supporting the Guardian Angels Charitable Trust, which aims to minimise financial stressors for families with babies, children and young people who have been referred to the Paediatric Palliative Care Service at Starship Hospital.

As well as helping families pay their day to day bills, Guardian Angels has set up a Special Wishes Project which helps with the special or unusual needs that arise for which there is no alternative funding.

A Harcourts Foundation grant of $2856 is going towards this incredibly worthwhile project.

A recent example of the type of request the project supports is a wish expressed by 16 year-old, who has advanced Duchennes Muscular Dystophy, a debilitating condition that has left him completely dependent upon others for all aspects of his day to day care.

He is essentially bedbound and requires considerable support to get him out of the house. When asked what he would be doing for Christmas, he said he would be spending the day with his caregiver while his family went to church – as they were unable to pay $200 for the cost of a mobility taxi. Guardian Angels Charitable Trust was able to fund the taxi van and allow him to spend the day with his family.

In another case a dying child wanted to be able to either go to the movies or visit the Sky Tower. His father, who stays with his son in Auckland while his wife continues working in Hamilton, said he could wheel his son there from the hospital in a wheelchair, but was there anyway there could be some help with the cost of the ticket. The Guardian Angels Charitable Trust paid for a taxi and tickets to both the movies and Sky Tower.

Trustees Helen Jackson and Leanne Hegan say it is heart breaking the situations they deal with every day, but the Guardian Angels Charitable Trust is deeply committed to removing unnecessary stress from families already going through so much.

Bob Stubbs, who has recently retired as business owner of Harcourts Greenlane, says one of the amazing things about Guardian Angels Charitable Trust is there are no overheads. Guardian Angels is run solely by volunteers and has no administrative costs so 100% of all donations go to helping the families in need.

Mr Stubbs says he and the Harcourts Foundation are humbled to support such a wonderful cause.

“What the families go through is unbearable. We are happy to make a contribution towards a charity doing such amazing work to help in a practical way.”

© Scoop Media

Culture Headlines | Health Headlines | Education Headlines

A Series Of Tubes: 150 Years Of The Cook Strait Cable

“It was a momentous achievement for its time. The successful connection came on the third attempt at laying the cable, and followed a near disaster when the first cable snapped - almost destroying the ship Weymouth in the process,” says Ms Adams. More>>

February 2017: Guns N' Roses - New Zealand Dates Announced

Founder Axl Rose and former members, Slash and Duff McKagan have regrouped for one of the century’s most anticipated tours... Rolling Stone said: "This was the real thing, the thing we'd all been waiting for: the triumphant return of one of the most important bands to cross rock music history. And it happened in our lifetime.” More>>

Werewolf: Brando, Peckinpah And Billy The Kid

Gordon Campbell: Initially, One-Eyed Jacks was supposed to have been directed by Stanley Kubrick from a script by Sam Peckinpah – yet it quickly became Brando’s baby... More>>

Book Awards: ANZAC Heroes Wins Margaret Mahy Book Of The Year

“Simply stunning, with gold-standard production values,” say the judges of the winner of this year’s Margaret Mahy Book of the Year Award in the prestigious New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults. ANZAC Heroes is also the winner of the Elsie Locke Award for the Best Book in the Non-Fiction category. More>>

Baby Animals: Hamilton Zoo Rhino Calf Named

Hamilton Zoo’s latest rhino calf has been named Samburu and he's being celebrated with a unique zoo experience... Samburu arrived after his mother Kito’s 16-month pregnancy and the calf brings the number of white rhinos at Hamilton Zoo to six. More>>

Gordon Campbell: On The Rio Olympics

Were you pretty excited earlier this week when Vietnam won its first ever Olympic gold medal? Hanoi, reportedly, went wild... Perhaps we should keep Vietnam’s golden moment in mind as we gear up for saturation media coverage of New Zealand’s medal achievements in Rio. More>>

Get More From Scoop

Search Scoop
Powered by Vodafone
NZ independent news


text:
Families Free From Violence campaign and website

Families Free From Violence campaign and website

We are pleased to announce the launch of our Families Free From Violence campaign and our new Families Free From Violence website. This website has been created to encourage people to take responsibility for ending family violence by seeking help for their family, helping another family, or helping to end family violence in our community. The website and promotional material has been developed with the support of the Are You OK campaign.

Our website has been designed as a conduit for getting people to the services they need, so the site links with other agencies and services. These can be accessed through the “I want help” pages or through the ‘Useful phone numbers’ page.

Family violence is preventable. People choose to be violent and can choose to change, and there are services and support to make these changes. This website is designed to give people the information and means to make a difference.

To promote the website DCAFV we have developed some community resources that can be used by community groups such as a weatherproof marquee, bouncy castle and barbeques that can be used by any community, school or sports group to enhance their event. These display the website and QR code to link people to the website, and are available for a small koha to support our work. Further details and information is available on the website.

We are also hosting the following events that you may be interested in:
• Families celebrating Father’s Day 7th September at the Forsyth Barr stadium – There will be music, free food and free activities for all the family to enjoy.
• Political debate on Family Violence – Friday 5th September at 5.30pm. This will be livestreamed and further details on the website.
The panel members will be: Jan Logie – Greens
Claire Curran – Labour
Tracey Martin – NZ First
Jacqui Dean - National
• White Ribbon riders will be in Dunedin 22nd and 23rd of November.

© Scoop Media

Parliament Headlines | Politics Headlines | Regional Headlines

Departure Speech: Governor-General’s State Farewell Luncheon

"...Unfortunately I was unable to get to the Antarctic, the Chatham Islands and the Kermadecs. A dicky heart thwarted our travel to the Antarctic; and even though I volunteered to parachute into the Kermadecs to join the Young Blake expedition, time, commitments and officials frustrated my plans to visit the Kermadecs and Chathams." More>>

New Research: Most Homeless People Working Or Studying

“The cost of housing has been rising without corresponding increases in income, whilst the number of state houses per capita has been in decline. Many low-income people are missing out on housing, whether we recognise them as ‘homeless’ or not. More>>

Post-Traynor: New Offender Info Sharing Plan

“This Bill delivers on that step-change by moving away from name-based records held by individual agencies to a shared, anchor identity based on unalterable information, such as fingerprints and facial recognition. It also gives agencies access to the drivers’ licence photo database and birth, death and marriages information." More>>

  • NZ Law Foundation - New $2M fund for research on information challenges
  • Littoral: New Ship To Deliver Enhanced Naval Capability

    Defence Minister Gerry Brownlee says the Government has approved a Ministry of Defence and New Zealand Defence Force recommendation to request tenders for a new naval ship to support littoral operations. More>>

    After King's Labour Snub: Māori Party And Kiingitanga To Work Together

    Māori Party Co-leaders Te Ururoa Flavell and Marama Fox met with Kiingitanga representatives in Wellington yesterday to discuss working together on key issues for the betterment of Māori. More>>

    Waitangi Claim On Rehabilitation: The 'Justus' System For Māori Not Good Enough

    Closing statements at the Waitangi Tribunal case against Corrections called for immediate steps and a comprehensive review to address the high rate of Māori reoffending. More>>

    Advice: PM Sets Rules For Ministers' Treatment Of Public Servants

    Prime Minister John Key has laid down the law about the way ministers and public servants should interact, saying ministers may not always like the advice they receive, but they must listen to it carefully, respectfully and professionally. More>>

    Gordon Campbell: On The Funding Changes In Special Needs Education, And Uber

    The plan to strip out the educational support for older “special needs” children in order to meet the existing shortfall in funding for special needs in early childhood education is so miserly and relentlessly stupid as to defy belief… More>>

    Online Learning Plans:

    Get More From Scoop

    Search Scoop
    Powered by Vodafone
    NZ independent news


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
Heart of the Capital to undergo major surgery

A RADICAL overhaul of Edinburgh city centre is set to be given the green light - after international design experts delivered a damning "health check" on the heart of Scotland's capital.

Council leaders in Edinburgh have vowed to press ahead with a blueprint for change which is set to see buses diverted off Princes Street, parking spaces reduced in George Street, more space given to pedestrians, and special events held in normally traffic-clogged thoroughfares.

Shopping hours would be extended, new pavement cafe areas encouraged, festival performance areas created, lighting features installed and works of art commissioned to bring new life to Princes Street, George Street and Rose Street.

Railings would be removed from Princes Street to help improve access, while Charlotte Square Garden would be opened to the public outwith the Book Festival.

A four-year timetable has been mapped out by the council two months after acclaimed Danish practice Gehl Architects completed an audit of the "underperforming and disappointing" city centre for the local authority.

Council leader Jenny Dawe said there was a "consensus" within the council that parts of the city centre were letting Edinburgh down. She insisted she was "determined" that Gehl's action plan was implemented as soon as possible.

Planning experts believe many of the changes are "long overdue", while heritage chiefs in the capital insisted most of the proposals were realistic and feasible if there is a "political will" behind them.

Gehl - which has helped create pedestrian-friendly areas in Copenhagen, Beijing, Perth, Adelaide, Brisbane, Cape Town, Stockholm and Oslo - was called in last year to help revive the fortunes of the city centre, which has struggled to compete with out-of-town shopping centres and has suffered major disruption from work on the city's troubled tram project,

Gehl's experts have warned the council that Edinburgh has become the fifth most congested city centre in Europe.

Princes Street was branded "monofunctional", due to the lack of cafes and restaurants and amount of unused space above shops, while George Street was described as "a big car park".

• Analysis: We've neglected our inheritance - it's time to take action before it's too late

• Capital trams could be leased to other cities

Among the "quick-fix" projects the council has agreed to back over the next few months are resequencing traffic lights to give pedestrians more priority, start removing all "clutter" from major thoroughfares, introduce new continental-style kiosks in Castle Street, and extend pavement space on the north side of George Street to encourage more al fresco cafe areas.

Key projects which the council hopes to deliver within the next two years include creating a pedestrian-friendly zone in George Street, holding special events in Rose Street, and closing off Princes Street on a trial basis during festival times.

Within the next four years, bus services face being relocated away from Princes Street and George Street. It is hoped parts of the West End, the Mound and the East End will be given over to pedestrians permanently, and a new network of city centre cycle routes is expected to be in place.

Councillor Dawe said: "Edinburgh is a world-class city and a magnet for visitors but, equally, there is a consensus that the quality of public space in some parts lets us down.

"I am determined that this action plan be implemented. The starting point is the delivery of temporary short-term projects, which can be done quickly and cheaply to bring much-needed changes to the city centre.

"Gehl's findings reinforce the clear correlation between good public places and good economic performance, as already demonstrated by the success of the redevelopments of St Andrew Square and the Grassmarket."

Gordon Mackenzie, transport and environment leader at the city council, added: "I think everything is possible in the longer term and we are definitely up for pressing ahead with these ideas.

"You only have to look at what has been achieved in the somewhere like New York to see what could be done here."

Mark Robertson, a director at the planning agency Ryden, said: "These proposals are certainly do-able and many of them are actually long overdue. Some of them were being discussed as far back as the 1980s and are the kind of thing Glasgow has managed to achieve on Buchanan Street and Sauchiehall Street."Adam Wilkinson, director of the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust, said: "I think these proposals are as feasible and realistic as people want them to be."

However, former council leader Donald Anderson, now a PR consultant, said: "The big issue is that around 98 per cent of Edinburgh's buses use Princes Street. Any changes to traffic management have to be thought about very carefully as they could do a lot of damage to businesses."

Back to the top of the page


text:
Glasgow council stands by Palestine flag call

Lord Provost Sadie Docherty offered her condolences to those affected. Picture: Robert Perry

Lord Provost Sadie Docherty offered her condolences to those affected. Picture: Robert Perry

Have your say

GLASGOW City Council is standing by a controversial decision to fly the Palestinian flag in solidarity with those affected by the Gaza conflict.

The flag was raised at the city chambers on George Square today despite opposition from some members of the Jewish and political community.

Glasgow is the second local authority in Scotland to fly the flag after West Dunbartonshire made the gesture last week.

Fife Council plans to follow suit in the coming days.

Nearly 1,900 Palestinians and 67 Israelis have been killed since fighting between Israel and Hamas began in early July.

The Disasters Emergency Committee said the violence has led to the entire population of Gaza being left without adequate access to medical care and about 1.4 million people with no or very limited access to water and sanitation.

Hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to flee their homes and 65,000 people have seen them destroyed or damaged beyond repair.

Glasgow Lord Provost Sadie Docherty wrote to Bethlehem mayor Vera Baboun on Wednesday, stating the city’s support.

She said: “In solidarity with Bethlehem and Palestine, Glasgow City Council will raise the Palestinian flag on Friday August 8.

“We hope that peace can be found to ensure the human rights for the people of Palestine.

“Please be assured that our thoughts are with you and we are hopeful that an immediate, enduring and peaceful resolution can be found to this conflict.”

Fife Council, meanwhile, plans to fly a Palestinian flag at its Glenrothes headquarters for a week.

Council leader David Ross said there was a “general consensus” that the gesture should be made to raise awareness of the suffering of the people in Gaza.

“This action is not in support of any specific organisation but simply in solidarity with the people of Gaza to show our concern for their suffering and to call for a lasting ceasefire,” he said.

Conservative councillor David Meikle said Glasgow’s decision to fly the flag was taken without consulting council members and would do nothing to stop suffering on both sides of the conflict.

Instead, he said it could cause division in Glasgow communities.

Mr Meikle said: “I failed to read in the letter where the Lord Provost mentions the plight of the Christian population in Bethlehem who are leaving owing to harassment.

“I also failed to see in the letter any condemnation of the Hamas terrorists who have declared war on Israel and their use of civilians as human shields to protect its forces.

“I fully sympathise with the plight of the innocent Gaza citizens caught up in this but I also condemn the continued attacks on Israel from terrorists.

“I, therefore, would support Glasgow City Council also raising the Israel flag to show that we are not political but in sympathy with all who suffer in the Middle East.”

A statement from the Israeli embassy in London said: “Whilst the Palestinian flag flies over Glasgow, the flag over Gaza is the green Hamas flag, which expresses the one-sided ideology of blind hatred, which the group shares with Al-Qaeda, Boko-Haram, ISIS and other radical Islamist entities around the world.”

Paul Morron, president of the Glasgow Jewish Representative Council, said: “I think this is gesture politics.

“I think it will not alleviate the suffering of one person in the Middle East conflict and I don’t think it will bring peace closer by a single minute.”

Mr Morron said the move instead has the potential to cause division in Scotland, with most people interpreting the flying of a Palestinian flag as a political statement.

There was support for Glasgow from the group Scottish Jews for a Just Peace.

In a statement on behalf of the group, Marion Hersh said: “We are particularly distressed by the Israeli bombardment of Gaza, leading to the deaths of nearly two thousand Palestinians.

“We support Glasgow City Council in flying the Palestinian flag and consider it a welcome gesture of solidarity and support.”

Glasgow and Fife councils to raise Palestine flag

Back to the top of the page


text:
Westminster ‘confusion and concern’ on Scottish 6

Have your say

WESTMINSTER’S Scottish affairs committee says there is widespread “confusion and concern” about the shape an independent Scotland would take.

In a report published today, the Labour-dominated group argues there are a series of questions which need answering by the SNP government ahead of the referendum.

The MPs identify six areas they say merit scrutiny: banking regulation; pension payments; the currency; membership of international organisations; defence; and the costs of independence.

Committee chair, Glasgow Labour MP Ian Davidson said: “Questions that may seem trivial at first actually show just how this issue permeates through every aspect of life: from the television you watch to how you travel round the world.”

He said the committee would be holding a series of further evidence sessions on the key issues raised by the initial findings.

The report comes after First MinisterAlex Salmond used a speech in Liverpool on Monday evening to argue that people on both sides of the Border would notice little difference from independence, apart from political control moving to Edinburgh.

Mr Davidson said: “Although the Scottish Government wants to establish its independence from the rest of the UK, the wider social union – the ties of family and friendship, which link people across these islands – would continue.

“In particular, Scotland would continue to act as a friend and partner to its neighbouring countries.”

Back to the top of the page


text:
Awards for Trump’s golf course

Have your say

DONALD Trump’s course in Aberdeenshire has landed its first awards less than six months after the American entrepreneur hit the christening shot at Menie Estate.

It has been voted both course of the year and the UK’s best practice ground by Golf Odyssey, a leading golf travel magazine.

It described the course as “a must-play marvel that belongs on everyone’s bucket list” with the range being hailed as “one of the finest practice facilities anywhere”. Sarah Malone, of Trump International Golf Links, Scotland, said the awards were a “fantastic accolade”. She added: “This year has been exceptional – the feedback has been incredible and we’re looking forward to building on this success.”

Back to the top of the page


text:
Scott Cawelti Photo
  • On Noah's choice in the film NOAH

    • Posted on Apr 02, 2014

    SPOILER ALERT!  Do not read on if you believe that knowing the ending will erode your enjoyment of the film.  Go see Noah and come back.

    Noah believes that he has been clearly commanded by God to destroy all mankind.   Because humanity has become so utterly evil, nothing will save humans from God’s scorn and wrath.

    Noah’s plan (derived, he believes, from God’s will) is to leave no heirs—to just let his family die natural deaths from old age.  But his plan gets spoiled when the girl they had rescued from a marauding clan miraculously gets pregnant with twins—daughters, as it were.

    Noah knows that this means mankind will continue, since two daughters are capable of producing any number of future humans, especially since Noah’s son fathered them, and can father more.  Yet Noah continues to believe that God does not want mankind to survive.  And that would include Noah and his family.

     To carry out God’s commandment, he—Noah—must murder his granddaughters.    He has no choice, he insists over and over.   This doesn’t sit well with his family, all of whom think he has become a madman, and tell him so.
    Noah, however, will not be stopped, and with his knife raised, ready to slaughter his beautiful newborns, he pauses.   Then instead of stabbing them dead, he gently and sweetly kisses each one.

    Thus Noah blatantly gives up on God’s commandment.   At first, this is horrible for him.  By disobeying God’s order he feels as though he utterly betrayed the Creator, and the poor man lapses into severe depression, hobbled by guilt, and soon turns to the fermented grape for comfort.   He’s a guilty mess.

     To his family, however, Noah finally came to his senses and became the loyal father and husband they loved.

     More than that, they eventually convince him, supported by supposed signs from heaven (the sun’s rays peak through at just the right time, white doves return to the ark) that his refusal to kill his grandchildren was also an order from God, only from inside Noah in the form of his conscience.  God evidently changed His mind.
    Mankind will continue after all, and Noah feels fine about that in the end.

    Thus the film ends happily, with Noah’s family carrying on, post-flood, in the belief that mankind does have a few redeeming features—granddaughters and such.

     SO:  where is God? Is he out there, issuing orders that seem cruel and heartless?  Or in there, letting each human listen to whatever their consciences tell them?

    Here’s the rub.  God’s initial demand on Noah was directly contradicted by Noah’s choice to spare his granddaughters.  Directly.  You can’t have it both ways—if you’re listening to the God “out there” commanding you to do something you find distasteful, then change your mind because your conscience tells you it’s fine to disobey the first command, you have a problem.   You’re left to decide for yourself which set of commands to follow.

    This is exactly the same as not worrying about God at all.   Do what you think is right, and forget about trying to please anyone but your own conscience.  That’s what Noah does, and though he eventually believes God approves, this seems suspiciously like a rationalization, a self-serving decision to please his family and himself.  Who’s to say, really, whether he pleased God or not?

    Thus the film Noah raises this question: Do we need God to help us do the right thing?  And down deep, offers this answer:  not really.

    Go comment!
    Posted in
    • Cedar Valley Chronicles
    • Hot Button Issues
    • Reviews
    • Religiosity
  • "Landscape Iowa" Symphony Concert March 2

    • Posted on Mar 05, 2013
    Have to say, last Saturday's Symphony Concert in Cedar Falls was special.

    Jason Weinberger, conductor, CEO, and creative mind behind the innovative programming that drives this excellent Waterloo-Cedar Falls Iowa regional symphony, wanted to offer an evening that celebrates the Midwest.

    It's our land of real seasons, after all, where the summer really is a summer and the winter, seriously now,  a winter.  And the springs and autumns offer glories beyond description, where the land comes to life explosively, and then locks up tight seven months later with hard freezes,  and stays tight and brutally cold for months.

    And beauty.  Long-time Midwestern photographer Bill Witt has captured the Midwest's beauty in hundreds of images, many of them published in "Enchanted by Prairie" (University of Iowa, 2009). Jason Weinberger's idea was to capture the beauty of the Midwest using Witt's photography, as well as symphonic music by well-known composers who celebrated the Midwest, Anton Dvorak and Aaron Copland, and a newly commissioned piece by Jon Chennette,  "Rural Symphony."

    Jason also wanted language, bless his heart, and asked me to narrate several pieces that also celebrate the Midwest.   So Bill Witt, Jason Weinberger, and I met and worked up the program for last Saturday's symphony concert Cedar Falls.

    It began with James Hearst's 1966 poem, "Landscape Iowa,"--

    No one who lives here

    Knows how to tell the stranger

    What it’s like, the land I mean,

    Farms all gently rolling,

    Squared off by roads and fences,

    Creased by streams, stubbled with groves,

    A land not known by mountain’s height

    Or tides of either ocean,

    A land in its working clothes,

    Sweaty with dew, thick-skinned loam,

    A match for the men who work it,

    Breathes dust and pollen, wears furrows

    And meadows, endures drought and flood.

    Muscles swell and bulge in horizons

    Of corn, lakes of purple alfalfa,

    A land drunk on spring promises,

    Half crazed with growth—I can no more

    Tell the secrets of its dark depths

    Than I can count the banners in a

    Farmer’s eye at spring planting.

    Hearst's poem captures the feel of Iowa perfectly for me--"a land in its working clothes."

    The poem that stopped me in my tracks, though,  was "Becoming Prairie in Dickinson County,"  written by John Peterson, and published in Michael Carey's book Voices on the Landscape: Contemporary Iowa Poets.  (Loess Hillls Books, 1996)   It's about a man who chooses to become a plot of prairie land, and "in my mind" this makes him completely happy.  Here's how it ends:

    For now in my mind I have given up my job, my house,
    And all my enemies have forgotten me,
    Now that I have gone to prairie.
    My wife still visits;
    She sees my transformation is complete.
    I have grown resilient, shabby, responsive to the faintest heartbeat
    pulsing on these ragged hills.
    She will finally know why,
    Will finally see me as lovely,
    And she will know that only now may I truly disappear
    from happiness.

    This was Jon Chennet's inspiration for his "Rural Symphony," and I can see why.  I read it before the last Chennet's last movement, the one he says was inspired by "Becoming Prairie."

    It was a splendid evening, I thought; the orchestra played a challenging concert with skill and precision, and the images and poetry blended seamlessly.  Here's
    George Day's review that appeared in today's Courier:

    It was a snow-weary crowd that attended the March concert of the Waterloo Cedar Falls Symphony Orchestra concert last Saturday night. Their spirits  soon soared, however, as they watched and heard  the perfectly splendid show  that unfolded before them.

    Jason Weinberger, artistic director, designed and  directed a far from  ordinary concert. This one consisted of music and images and words that reflect the atmosphere of rural America, its charm and its beauty.  The words by several writers were narrated by Scott Cawelti and the images were photographs   of the Iowa landscape taken by Bill Witt. The pictures appeared on a huge screen above the Orchestra and they quickly attracted everyone's awed attention.

    Three pieces were on the program.  The first featured a new composition by Jonathan Chennette entitled "Rural Symphony." It is a commissioned work designed to reflect through music "the rural life and rural landscape” of Iowa  "at the turn of the century."  There were three movements entitled:  Row Crops and Livestock, Milking Time, and Becoming Prairie.

    I am not sure if the music of the first and final movements evoked mental images of row crops, livestock, or the prairie.   But the Milking Time section had some percussive sounds that may well have been those of a milking parlor.  Overall, though the Chenette piece aided by Witt's stunning beautiful photographs and Cawelti’s poetic readings did conjure up a sense of a peaceful country atmosphere.

    Surely the music of the Rural Symphony must owe more than a small degree of its sounds or moods of nature to the work of Aaron Copland, the acknowledged master of what might be called "American landscape music".

    It was Copland's music we heard next:     "The Tender Land,

    Suite."  Originally composed as an opera with the setting designated as a midwestern farm in the spring at high school graduation time, the Suite is an orchestral concert version of the opera, and a perfect choice for this program.  The music is very much in Copland's distinctive idiom:  flowing harmonies, smooth and dream-like rhythms, and joyful tonal effects.  It is optimistic in mood and on this occasion splendidly performed by the ensemble under Weinberger's sensitive direction.

    The final work on the program was Antonin Dvorak's Suite in A, sometimes called the "American Suite." For this, the WCFSO was joined by selected members of the Northern Iowa Youth Orchestra. Like the others on the program the piece is could easily be seen as a hymn to the natural beauties of Iowa landscape. Certainly it is typical Dvorak in its shape and sound, its lively dance-like tunes and bold crescendos as well.  There may well be, as has been suggested, some Native American rhythms in the finale (Allegro) movement.   Again we were treated to some of Bill Witt's drop dead beautiful pictures of Iowa at its best.And some of Iowa's best writing and speaking, too,  courtesy of James Hearst's poetry expertly delivered by Scott Cawelti.

    This concert was a perfect antidote for the winter blues as could easily be sensed in the mood of the audience as they filed out into the frigid March night.

    Go comment!
    Posted in
    • Arts
    • Language & Writing
    • Reviews
    • Cedar Valley Chronicles
Contact Scott Header
Contact Scott Photo
Brothers Blood Book
James Hearst
Landscape Iowa CD


text:
Dentures and Bridges Vs. Implants

Denver and Lakewood, Colorado

When a tooth is lost it needs to be replaced as soon as possible. This is not only for the cosmetic benefit of filling the gap, but also for your dental health. Many people have had a bridge done or dentures made, which are excellent as far as they go.

Dentures may fit well for a while but then need modifying or replacing as the mouth changes with aging.

  • They may be too loose and move when you want them to be stable
  • They must be removed and cleaned every night

In our experience about ten percent of people with dentures really function fine with them. The other 90 percent never really get comfortable with how they look, with the 75 percent reduction of natural chewing force, or with the slipping that ANY denture has. While some dentures fit fine at the start, over time the jaws shrink and get thinner and shorter, making it harder to wear them as the years go by.

Porcelain Bridges

Bridges can be secure and comfortable, but require trimming of the neighboring teeth to properly secure them. These teeth may have little or no dental work, but for the bridge they must be substantially modified.

  • Over time whatever happens to one of these anchor teeth affects ALL of the bridge
  • If you get a cavity on one tooth, the whole bridge of multiple teeth needs to be replaced
  • For optimal longevity, these bridges need good regular cleaning. But that can be laborious, taking extra time and requiring special brushes to go under the fake tooth

Removable bridges

Also called partial dentures, these are the most common image people see when someone says "bridge". Many picture an uncle who had a lot of chrome or silver hooks showing when he smiled. If you have a partial denture:

  • It can frequently become uncomfortable because it moves with chewing
  • The pressure can cut the gums
  • It can make it easier to get cavities on the teeth that support it.
  • If it is not immaculately cared for, more cavities and the spiral of more teeth loss occurs.
  • Finally you are faced with the need to have ALL of the remaining teeth removed and a full denture made.

We have had MANY people tell us: "If I knew a denture was like this I would have worked harder to save my teeth!"

The Advantage of Dental Implants

Denver Dental ImplantsA missing tooth leaves not only the tooth gap, but also a root gap in the jawbone. Being invisible, it may not seem so important, but that is a fallacy. When that vacant space is left too long in the bone, the bone tissue resorbs (shrinks) to fill it up. That will change your jawline and facial shape, giving you an older and less healthy look. Dental implants replace the tooth root.

By replacing the tooth root, an implant takes any overload of forces away from the neighboring teeth and spreads it around evenly. Your teeth will feel and function better, as will your jaw joints.

For information on how implants are done, please see The Dental Implant Procedure and Replacing Multiple Teeth.

There is more information on the Questions About Dental Implants page.

Dental implants have been used for over 50 years, with a success rate of 95-98 percent in most situations. They deliver proven and predictable results and have the potential to be a truly cost-effective, lifelong replacement compared to bridges, dentures or partials.

You can learn more about dental implants from Cosmetic Dentist, Dr. Greenhalgh and discuss them as a possible procedure for you. Please call or email our cosmetic dentistry office and we will be happy to schedule a consultation for you. We serve the Denver and Lakewood, Colorado areas.

Scott Greenhalgh
3190 South Wadsworth Blvd., Suite 300
Lakewood, Co , 80227

720-484-8832 or 800-757-6680
| Fax : 303-479-7599 | Contact Us

Office Hours:
Monday: closed
Tuesday: 11 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Wednesday: 7 a.m. - 1 p.m.
Thursday: 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Friday: 7 a.m. - 3 p.m.


text:
Gallery: Shrine Bowl Practice

SPARTANBURG, S.C. - Scout has spent time at the Shrine Bowl practices all week and you can see images of some of the top prospects in this event here.

Some of the top prospects out of North Carolina and South Carolina like Greg Gilmore (LSU commit), Tyrone Crowder, Tramel Terry (Georgia commit), Tyquan Lewis (Ohio State commit), Larenz Bryant (South Carolina commit), and Mike Williams (Clemson commit) among others are featured in this Shrine Bowl Photo Gallery.
Chad Simmons is currently a National Recruiting Analyst for FOX Sports/Scout. He started with Scout in 2003 and then moved on to another Recruiting Service from 2004-2008 before returning to Scout the first of 2009 to become South Recruiting Manager.
Twitter | Facebook | E-Mail

Scout Football Top Stories


text:
Vandenburg picks up Nebraska offer

Nebraska has been in hot pursuit of Los Angeles (Calif.) Pierce College tight end, Beau Sandland, since this spring. With Sandland literally weeks away from making a decision the Nebraska staff extended another offer to a junior college tight end last night.

Brandon Vandenburg is the latest player to pick up a Nebraska offer. Vandenburg, a 6-foot-6 and 260-pound junior college tight end from Palm Desert (Calif.) City of the Desert, had a big season pulling in 26 passes for 370 yards and three scores.

Vandenburg didn't have long to talk to about the recent offer because he was with a college coach at the time and had some other obligations tonight, but said that he got the offer last night.

"Yeah I got the Nebraska offer last night," Vandenburg said. "I took an official visit to Connecticut last week and I am considering taking an official visit to Nebraska in January." will try and bring you more information about Vandenburg this evening.

Bryan Munson has worked with Big Red Report for 10 years covering recruiting and football and has covered Nebraska recruiting for 12 years.
Facebook | Twitter| E-Mail |

Big Red Report Top Stories


text:
Rangers Minor League Roundup – 4/28

The Hickory Crawdads and Charleston RiverDogs combined for 23 runs on 26 hits during Saturday's series opener. Lone Star Dugout takes a look at all of the day's minor league action in the Texas Rangers' system.

AAA: Round Rock 5 – (@) Oklahoma City 11
L - Ramirez (2-2)
HR - Hernandez (2)

Entering Saturday's start against the RedHawks, Neil Ramirez (4.50 ERA/.241 BAA) had issued just four walks in 21 innings. He'd been relatively efficient in each of his four outings this season.

That certainly wasn't the case on Saturday, as the 22-year-old threw a whopping 55 pitches––and only 25 strikes––in the first inning. He was lifted after the frame, in which he allowed six runs on five hits and three walks. He struck out two.

Streaking shortstop Luis Hernandez provided some pop for the Express with a two-run homer––his second of the season––in the third inning. He also singled once.

Leadoff hitter and centerfielder Leonys Martin raised his batting average to .344 by going 2-for-3 with a double, two walks, and his sixth stolen base.

Joey Butler (2/4, 2B) added a single and a double, bumping his average to .310 on the young season.

Cleanup man Brad Nelson (2/4) singled twice.

Oklahoma City expanded its lead off lefty reliever Ben Snyder (3.78 ERA/.309 BAA), who was knocked around the yard for four runs on six hits in 1.1 innings.

Right-handers Yoshinori Tateyama (2 IP) and Sean Green (1 IP) kept the RedHawks off the scoreboard for the final three innings.

Green, 33, has the following stat-line through eight appearances this season––12.1 ip, 15 h, 2 r, 4 bb, 10 k. The sinkerballing sidearmer is flashing improved velocity this season, and he is inducing four groundouts per airout. Fellow righties are also just 2-for-22 against him with nine strikeouts.

Player of the Game: SS Luis Hernandez
5 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 .250

AA: Frisco 1 – Corpus Christi 10
L - Pimentel (2-1)

After showing improved control in the early going this season, Carlos Pimentel (1.35 ERA/.174 BAA) struggled with the strike zone on Saturday. The 22-year-old allowed seven hits and walked five batters in 4.2 innings, leading to three runs allowed. He struck out three.

The runs allowed by Pimentel were his first in 20 innings this season. He'd begun the season with 15.1 shutout frames over his first five appearances, including one start.

Centerfielder Engel Beltre (1/4, 2B) doubled for the RoughRiders' only extra-base hit of the game, and he also picked up a pair of outfield assists.

Chris McGuiness (2/4), Jurickson Profar (1/3, BB), Brad Hawpe (1/4) and Jose Felix (1/3) had the team's only other hits.

Lefty Corey Young worked around a hit and a walk in an otherwise clean and scoreless 1.2 innings.

Newly signed righty reliever Ross Wolf was touched up in his first appearance for Frisco. The 29-year-old veteran coughed up four runs in two-thirds of an inning, giving up four hits and walking two. He threw only 14 of his 31 pitches for a strike.

Player of the Game: CF Engel Beltre
4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 .271

A+: Myrtle Beach 3 – (@) Potomac 4
L - Buckel (2-1)

Cody Buckel (1.65 ERA/.174 BAA) was relatively human and hittable for the first time this season on Saturday. The 19-year-old righty still picked up a quality start––allowing three runs in six innings––but he scattered nine hits. He walked one and struck out four.

Buckel hadn't surrendered more than two hits in any of his first four starts this season. He has now yielded 16 hits in 27.1 innings, walking nine and fanning 33.

The Pelicans were able to plate one run in the top of the ninth but ultimately stranded the tying run at second base.

Facing rehabbing sinkerballer Chien-ming Wang, the Pelicans scored one run on four hits in four innings. Wang struck out three without issuing a walk.

Jake Skole (2/4, 2B), Brett Nicholas (2/4, 2B) and Yefry Castillo (2/4, 2B) all singled once and walked once. Second baseman Santiago Chirino added two hits in four trips, raising his batting average to .215.

Player of the Game: DH Yefry Castillo
4 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 .233

A: Hickory 9 – Charleston 14
L - McBride (2-1)
HR - Odor (4)

Charleston and Hickory have arguably the two most talented rosters in the South Atlantic League out of the gates this season, and the two clubs played a slugfest in Saturday's series opener.

Tall lefty Victor Payano (2.96 ERA/.188 BAA) battled his way through five innings. He gave up four runs––three earned––on four hits while walking four and striking out four.

On the other side, the Crawdads roughed up fireballing Yankees prospect Jose Campos for eight runs in only 2.2 innings. The offensive performance was particularly impressive considering Campos entered the night having permitted three earned runs in 22 innings over his first four starts.

The RiverDogs erased an early deficit by plating a six spot versus righty Nick McBride in the sixth inning. All of the runs were unearned.

Young prospect Rougned Odor had a solid game at the plate, going 2-for-5 with a double and a two-run homer––his fourth of the season. Both of the extra-base hits came against Campos.

Left fielder Jeremy Williams went 2-for-4 with his third double.

Hanser Alberto (2/5) and Drew Robinson (2/4, BB) both singled twice.

Speedy shortstop Luis Sardinas had one single, two walks, and a sacrifice fly in five plate appearances. He also stole his eighth base of the year.

Player of the Game: DH Rougned Odor
5 1 2 1 1 3 0 0 .274

Subscribe to LoneStarDugout.com today! Only $79.95 brings you one full year of Total Access Pass and all premium content on LoneStarDugout.com, Scout™ Player and Roster Database (including the 'Hot News' at the top of the site), Breaking News and Information, Total Access to all Scout.com Websites, and Player Pages, detailing the progress and careers of players from high school, the minors, and the pro ranks.

Sample the LoneStarDugout.com Total Access Pass™ at no risk for 7 days, then pay only $7.95 or $21.95. If you want to save 2 months off the monthly subscription price, simply choose the annual LoneStarDugout.com Total Access Pass™ at $79.95.

Future Rangers Top Stories


text:
Red flag fire warnings in Southern California counties

68729 full
68729 full

Southern California fire officials increased staffing levels Saturday because of red flag warnings announced for areas in Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino and Riverside counties.

The National Weather Service issued the warnings in response to very dry conditions and forecasts for gusty winds and low humidity. There is no red flag warning in Los Angeles County.

Even so, Los Angeles County Fire's Kyle Sanford said the department has stepped up staffing and has engines in designated areas because of expected gusty winds.

Los Angeles Fire Department has up to 100 extra personnel deploying because of an increased level of fire weather danger, especially in neighboring areas outside the city's limits, spokesman Brian Humphrey said.

Firefighters, already facing tinder dry conditions, are preparing for the peak of fire season, which is expected to arrive in a few weeks with the onset of the notorious Santa Ana winds.

The "Santa Anas," as they're known, are caused by high pressure over the West that sends a clockwise flow of dry, warm air rushing down into the region.

"This weekend will be our last chance to prepare for this seasonal nemesis, so we're encouraging those in wildfire prone areas to survey their home and property and discuss preparedness plans," Humphrey said.

The red flag warnings remain in effect through 6 p.m.

blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
E-Paper Kit - Softly Summer 2

Availability: In Stock
List Price: $4.00
Sale Price: $1.49 (Save $2.51)

Added to your Favorite Products. View Favorites
Added to your Wish List. View Wish List
Login or Sign Up to add to your Wish List or Favorites.

Description & Information

This collection features colors you would see on a relaxing summer day, with a unique and fun twist. Scrapping with Softly Summer will make you think of pink lemonade and warm gentle breezes – summer is almost here! This collection includes 5 patterned and / or textured papers! Includes all of the digital papers you see here in .png format
  • Zipped file for faster download
  • Industry standard 300 ppi
  • SKU: paperkit-softsummer2

    Reviews and Ratings

    Avg. Rating
    100% of buyers would recommend


text:
All Blogs
Created By: FreckledGranny
Last Day of My Vacation
The last day ... oh my! Quickly it's slipping away, minute by minute. Tomorrow, the day will begin too early. I'll be up, probably before 3 am, and at my desk just after 5:30 am. I've had a total of 9 days off this time. Maybe I should've taken more? Maybe next time. I've enjoyed this time off; and I am thankful for a job. I've been unemployed before. It's very stressful. I won't see another long vacation till around Thanksgiving. And then at Christmas and New Years. I've done a lot on my vacation, but not everything I wanted. Oh well, I'll be satisfied with what I did do. Until then -- I still have a few hours to enjoy! I think I will do just that!
Created: Jun 27, 2010

Created By: FreckledGranny
Freckled Granny Journalings
Just a little bit of this, and a little bit of that.
Created: Jun 13, 2010

Search Blogs
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
Email this scrapbook from ScrapbookFlair.com
Heart beat
Your Email Address:Your valid email adress is required.
To:Separate multiple emails with commas.
Your Private Message:
2000 characters left.
Or, cancel and go back to scrapbook Heart beat.
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
230 points (current score) Uploaded: Jan 7, 2013
Viewed 254 times.
About this scrapbook page:
collab kit forest fruits
extractions of Jacob and Gizmoh
trees from kit up a lazy river by Julie C
horse from a toyshop catalogue
kit streets of love and Alice in wonderland by Almira
sparkles from Butterfly designs kit wintershivers
extra flower, no clue where I took this
wordart made from a renderocity image and pse effects

Comments for this page: (view all 20 comments)
az_ip says:
Wow...this is great
Feb 4, 2013
gintercedes4u says:
Impressive finish!
Jan 9, 2013
SuziKatz says:
Awesome how it all came together! Love it!
P.S.: Sorry for the c/p but just trying to catch up.
Jan 9, 2013
inkyD says:
Beautiful final stage, wonderful choice of elements combining well for a fabulous grand finale!
Jan 9, 2013
sugarpops says:
Absolutely gorgeous final page xxxx
Jan 8, 2013
Diane56 says:
Gorgeous page
Jan 8, 2013
lady wolf known as Krystal says:
Totally gorgeous final challenge page just utterly beautiful, simply lovin'it!!xXx
Jan 8, 2013
Pixelpia says:
A just fab final page, love your choice of elements!
Jan 7, 2013
LadynRed_44 says:
Fantastic final step and great page!
Jan 7, 2013
belle15 says:
Wonderful scrap!
Jan 7, 2013
This scrapbook appears in the following galleries:
This scrapbook appears in the following challenges (click a challenge name to go to that challenge):
This scrapbook appears in the following groups (click a group name to go to that group):
This scrapbook has the following tags:
Post and Share this page on Blogs and other Websites by copying and pasting this link:
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
270 points (current score) Uploaded: Mar 9, 2011
Viewed 229 times.
About this scrapbook page:
Evan's 4th birthday invitation challenge

Thankyou for viewing my page your C/V are always appreciated xx
Design credits:
pirate elements-not known

Comments for this page: (view all 28 comments)
neeltje says:
Fantastic pirate page!
Mar 11, 2011
milliec says:
Adorable pirate invite page!
Mar 10, 2011
Pelle says:
A supert invitation card for the boy`s birthday!!
Mar 10, 2011
debra 112233 says:
Fabulous invitation!!
Mar 10, 2011
HanoverKim says:
Love your invite for Evan!
Mar 9, 2011
Nanny-G says:
Brillant invite page,
Mar 9, 2011
Micheline 1 says:
Fabulous page and invite!
Mar 9, 2011
Xguern66 says:
Love this invite - you've incorporated everything Evan likes - super work.
Mar 9, 2011
auzziecarol says:
lovely page xxx
Mar 9, 2011
goodbye says:
how fun
Mar 9, 2011
This scrapbook appears in the following galleries:
This scrapbook appears in the following challenges (click a challenge name to go to that challenge):
Post and Share this page on Blogs and other Websites by copying and pasting this link:
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
180 points (current score) Uploaded: Aug 16, 2014
Viewed 379 times.
Design credits:
The Artists Memories G&T Designs xxx

Comments for this page: (view all 16 comments)
Scrapaholic247 says:
WOW, love this hun!!
Jan 6, 2015
oklahomadawn says:
Dec 11, 2014
Larkspur Nanny says:
Aug 31, 2014
English Nana says:
Aug 25, 2014
Tersia/Toetsie says:
An amazing kit!!!
Aug 23, 2014
Corel says:
Aug 20, 2014
NathL says:
another amazing page! :D
Aug 18, 2014
LadynRed_44 says:
Great Favorite!
Aug 18, 2014
zanthia says:
great favorite and fab page
Aug 17, 2014
Grandma M says:
really really lovely page xx
Aug 17, 2014
This scrapbook appears in the following galleries:
Post and Share this page on Blogs and other Websites by copying and pasting this link:
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
About this scrapbook page:
this is my nephew Tristan
i loved this photo, cause he looks righgt into the camera!!
i did this for the magic challenge!!
wordart- bethany

Comments for this scrapbook page:
pammykez1969 says:
adorable page
Aug 28, 2009
Roniiv says:
What a delightful page!!!! 10/10cp
Jul 29, 2009
amelia123 says:
Lol this is just to cute, love the anntenahs on the babies head lol xxx
Jul 29, 2009
MaxiDesigns says:
Oh, sooo adorable, 10cp
Jul 25, 2009
jenmat0 says:
beautiful page......thank you for joining the challenge
Jul 25, 2009
debigayle says:
Great page!
Jul 22, 2009
LadyLuckHearts says:
LOL so cute! Very creative page.
Jul 22, 2009
Moongirl says:
Wonderful page!
Jul 22, 2009
kpoddream says:
very cute.
Jul 21, 2009
pmrmoncada says:
Sooo adorable!
Jul 21, 2009
oklahomadawn says:
very cute! 10+cps
Jul 21, 2009
Pelle says:
Beautiful page and so well done 10ch!!
Jul 20, 2009
Daisybelle says:
Beautiful page and photo 10+10
Jul 20, 2009
shannonsnan says:
it's bee utiful
Jul 20, 2009
island_light says:
Beautiful page
Jul 20, 2009
ositafotografa says:
Super, super adorable Child... awesome page!!!
Jul 20, 2009
gintercedes4u says:
Darling page!
Jul 20, 2009
Eliza kitty says:
A really lovely page!
Jul 20, 2009
Liz MX says:
very sweet!
Jul 20, 2009
mommyj says:
very well done
Jul 20, 2009
scrapitude says:
deze is super schattig prachtig foto ook van tristan 10+10
Jul 20, 2009
Delsol Jan/Naelle_Coeurs de pirate says:
Very adorable composition
Jul 20, 2009
PamelaROSE says:
Lovely page!

Jul 20, 2009
y2bonnie says:
Beautiful page!!
Jul 20, 2009
Chocoholic says:
This is ao adorable!! Outstandng page!!
Jul 20, 2009
djsm says:
LOL this is the cutest scrap idea I've seen in a while. Just too adorable for words. Such a fantastic interpretation of 'magical' because it is.
Jul 20, 2009
kruk says:
fantastic page!!
Jul 20, 2009
Faigee says:
Stunning beautiful page! +cp
Jul 20, 2009
savannah's grand mawmaw says:
wonderful page
Jul 20, 2009
scrapladymama says:
So cute! Tristan is a sweety!10cp!
Jul 20, 2009
To comment, vote, become a fan or request a friend:

Join for FREE, or sign in if you're already a member.

or, back to scrapbook Magic Challenge!!
 © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0
The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates,
scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
The difficulty in selecting who should be considered among the 10 best American child actors lies in determining who should be considered a child actor. Technically, teenage actors are child actors. But, teens often play roles that entail adult themes. Accordingly, this list of ten best American child actors includes only children who achieved fame during their preteen years. These actors may have had significant teen careers that merit consideration, but their later success was built on popularity from performances when they were indisputably children.

  1. Shirley Temple. Temple is easily the best American child actor in movie history. Her career began at the age of three. Blockbuster movies such as “Bright Eyes,” “Heidi,” “Curly Top,” “The Littlest Rebel,” and many others made her an enormous studio asset. Temple's adult movie career faltered, but she flourished as a public servant.

  2. Jackie Cooper. Cooper's big break came when he was selected to play in the “Our Gang” comedies. Cooper received an Oscar nomination at the age of nine for his performance in the movie “Skippy.” His achieved his greatest fame as an American child actor for his numerous collaborations with actor Wallace Berry, particularly “The Champ” and “Treasure Island.” As an adult, Copper has done some acting, but he has really made his mark as a talented entertainment executive.

  3. Ron Howard. Howard was an integral part of the success of “The Andy Griffith Show.” He also appeared in movies and starred in the TV show “Happy Days.” Eventually, he pursued his dream of directing and producing movies and became one of the most successful filmmakers in Hollywood.

  4. Macaulay Culkin. Culkin rose to fame starring in the blockbuster hits “Home Alone,” and “Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.” As an adult, he has sometimes struggled in both his personal and professional lives.

  5. Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Although most lists of American child actors count these two twins separately, their careers are so intertwined that they should be listed together. Both girls began their careers as infants on the popular and long-running TV show “Full House.” As adults, they have demonstrated business savvy by parlaying the Olsen brand into a multimillion dollar fortune.

  6. Drew Barrymore. Barrymore is part of a famous acting family and began acting at age three. Her role in “E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial” made her famous, and she has continued to work steadily up till the present day. As a child, Drew led a chaotic life, but has had a successful adult career as an actress, director, and producer.

  7. Jerry Mathers. Mathers played the title character in the popular TV show “Leave It to Beaver.” He has done some acting work since the show ended, but Mathers has primarily focused on successful business endeavors. Nearly 50 years after the last new episode was broadcast, “Leave It to Beaver” is still in reruns despite being filmed in black and white, and Mathers is still an international celebrity.

  8. Natalie Wood. Natalie Wood had a very successful career as an American child actor that transitioned into an equally successful adult film career. Her breakout role was the little girl in “Miracle on 34th Street.” Even as a child, directors recognized and commented on Natalie's consummate professionalism.

  9. Gary Coleman. Coleman became famous for his role as Arnold on the hit TV show, “Diff'rent Strokes.” Unfortunately, he never achieved success as an adult in either his personal or professional life. Eventually, a lifelong kidney condition took his life at a relatively young age.

  10. Jackie Coogan. Best known today for his role as Uncle Fester in “The Addams Family,” Coogan was arguably the biggest American child actor of the silent film era. His big break came when Charlie Chaplain selected him to co-star in his movie, “The Kid.” Coogan sued his parents after they stole his film earnings, resulting in laws to protect American child actors. As a young adult, Coogan allegedly participated in the lynching of two men who kidnapped and murdered one of his best friends.