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Phillip TruittBy Charlie Brown, Delmar, DE (8/16/13) – Phillip Truitt of Parsonsburg, Md. added his name to a long list of Super Pro winners as he became the 13th different winner this season Friday night at the U.S. 13 Dragway. Crystal Hudson of Millsboro, Del. got her first win of the year in Pro while James Farmer of Denton, Md. continued to rack of the wins in Pro Bike. Other winners on the night included:  Frank Parks of Denton in Street; Dacia Powell of Salisbury, Md. in Jr. Dragster 1 and Christian Walston of Crisfield, Md. in Jr. Dragster 2.

Phillip Truitt faced Bobby Insley of Salisbury in the Super Pro final. Truitt had the better reaction and run taking the win with an 8.172/154.95 on an 8.15 dial.  Insley ran a 7.707/171.65 on a 7.66 dial. Semi-finalists were Glenn Reese of New Castle, Del. who lost to Truitt and Sterling Clough of Marion, Md. who lost to Insley.

Crystal Hudson got her first win of the season in Pro defeating Jesse Long of Preston, Md. Hudson in her Chevy S-10 was on her dial with a 10.187/131.52 on a 10.18 dial. Long left early and had a red light foul. Semi-finalists were Chelsea Williams of Seaford who lost to Long and Ryan Groton of Laurel who lost to Hudson.

The two hottest riders in Pro Bike, James Farmer and Harvey Powell of Salisbury went up against each other in the Pro Bike final. Farmer “sealed the deal” on the starting line with a .009 reaction and rode to the win with an 8.641/136.98 on an 8.61 dial. Powell was late at the start and ran a 9.456/135.78 on a 9.44 dial. Semi-finalist was Jimmie Miller of Annapolis, Md. who lost to Farmer while Powell had the bye.

Taking the Street win was point leader and defending champion Frank Parks. Parks faced Ronn Carey of Dagsboro, Del. in the final round. Parks had the better start and ran an 11.690/113.93 on an 11.60 dial for the win. Carey as late at the start then broke out with an 11464/119.01 on an 11.47 dial.

Dacia Powell continued to pad her point lead in Jr. Dragster 1 defeating Brittany Hooper of Hurlock, Md. Powell had the better reaction and ran an 8.980/72.79 on an 8.97 dial. Hooper broke out with an 8.913/72.78 on an 8.94 dial. In Jr. Dragster 2 it was Christian Walston over Jerel Davis of Salisbury. Davis left early and fouled in the heads-up run and Walston took the victory with a 7.890/83.23 on a 7.90 dial.

Wednesday night, August 21st will be a Tune & Test night and will serve as a prelude to Sunday, August 25th’s William & Juanita J. Cathell Memorial 50th Anniversary Chevy Show Shine & Drags. Check out for more information on this event.

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text:
Denver Bar Association
November 2004
© 2004 The Docket and Denver Bar Association. All Rights Reserved.
All material from The Docket provided via this World Wide Web server is copyrighted by the Denver Bar Association. Before accessing any specific article, click here for disclaimer information.

Goodbye? Hello? Bill Ritter!

by Diane Hartman

Bill Ritter
On the giant chess board that is Colorado politics right now, the highly-regarded Denver District Attorney Bill Ritter is poised to jump, as he term limits out in January.

He won’t speculate on a landing place, but "public service" comes up often in the same paragraph with "political office."

Ritter, 48, has had a run of 11 ½ years, winning elections in ’94, ’96 and 2000. He so obviously loves what he’s doing right now and will miss it. One afternoon, he was still hyped up after "working with different lawyers on an unsolved murder case. We’re close to breaking it." He said he would miss "working with the staff, working on the right thing to do. This job challenges your intellect and your moral direction. Doing the right thing is not always easy. I’ve appreciated the fact that, after getting input from gifted attorneys, I’m the final arbiter. . . . The best thing is just the notion of being involved with a group of colleagues who are bent on trying to do justice every day in every case."

He added: "You’re constantly doing something that makes a difference in the lives of people and in the quality of life for the community. It’s a fascinating story every five minutes."

The stories are often funny—"you HAVE to have a sense of humor to work here."

Once he was questioning a witness, using a Vietnamese translator, when the translator got Charlie Horses in both legs. "I had to massage his legs in front of the jury so he could go back to translating. . . . you do what you have to do."

He remembers when (now Judge) John McMullen was a prosecutor, trying a robbery case where identification was an issue. "He asked the witness to ID the robber, and instead of IDing the young Hispanic defendant, he ID’d me. The jury convicted the defendant anyway."

His hardest case was trying Ronald Garner in 1985, for three separate murders. In the course of prosecuting and convicting him, he got the law changed about what could be admitted as other transactions evidence. "I got pneumonia during the trial; I don’t think I’ve ever been so emotionally and physically drained."

Fun Facts About Your Out-going DA:

• He worked construction to pay for law school.
• He’s one of 12—count ‘em—12 children!
• He and his wife “aren’t big on housecleaning.”
• He exercises three to four times a week.
• He and his family lived in Zambia for three years.

Ritter is used to many kinds of hard work. He did construction to put himself through CSU, and CU Law School. His first ambition was to be a labor lawyer, and he belonged to local 720 in Denver, but after interning at the Denver DA’s office, "I never looked back." There he ran into his first and best mentor, Brooke Wunnicke: "She was a big influence in how I wrote and how I thought. She defined for me the way every lawyer should practice law." The DA then was Dale Tooley. Ritter remembered one case in his first three or four months that had political ramifications. "Dale said ‘Politics be dammed. Do the right thing’."

Wunnicke thinks the world of Ritter: "He’s exceptionally competent, a very able trial lawyer of total integrity. . . . I hope he can find an area where he can continue his public service."

Ritter, born in 1956, is one of 12 children, and now his parents have 34 grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren. Bill and Jeannie, his wife of 21 years, have provided them with four—August, 18, a freshman at CSU; Abraham, 16, a junior at Mullen; Sam, 14 (who was named after Samuel Adams beer one night at the Pearl Street Grille) and Natalie, 11, both in school at Our Lady of Lourdes.

They’ve tried to raise the kids in as normal an atmosphere as possible, he said. They try to eat dinner together most nights; typical mealtime topics could be what somebody should be for Halloween or what someone should wear for homecoming. "There’s lots of adolescent and pre-adolescent conversation; all are active in sports and academics." Ritter said they don’t have a lot of rules. "Our biggest failing is that we aren’t big on housecleaning. We want to write a book called ‘When Messy People Breed.’ But our house is open. We have someone staying with us almost all the time—maybe a relative who needs a basement for a while, a kid whose parent had a drug problem stayed with us for a couple of years, right now there’s a lady waiting to pass the bar. We’re pretty flexible—it’s like a 24-hour open house."

The Ritters "do a lot of talking" about dating, drugs, violence, etc. with their children; there have been some "groundings," but few discipline problems. "They’ve watched the children of other public figures who have goofed up; they know it could become public and be an embarrassment. But we don’t dwell on that."

Ritter tries to work out three or four times a week—biking, fishing, skiing on occasion: "I try to find a way to be outdoors." He has several close friends, "not a wide circle." For many years, he was actively trying cases—"it’s important to be in good physical shape. You need to limit the number of negative coping mechanisms you use!" The Ritter TV is rarely on, especially not in the evening hours. Football on the weekends is another matter.

A startling part of Ritter’s resumé is the three years that he and his wife and children spent in Mongu, Zambia, where he was coordinator of the Mongu Nutrition Group. An underlying reason for their move is that Jeannie had been a Peace Corps volunteer and going overseas to do "development work" in the Third World was a shared dream. Rittter didn’t want to pass up working in the DA’s office, but when there was an opportunity to be a lay missionary, he felt called. There, he learned practical skills and witnessed "the grace and hope of the Zambian people . . . we saw all the issues that people who live in Third World poverty struggle with, including significant malnutrition, tropical diseases without adequate health care and we saw the early devastation of the AIDS pandemic making its mark. . . . in spite of that, it was a rich experience that I would not trade for the world."

Everyone seems to agree that Ritter is a principled man. As people play the game about what he’ll do next, some say his anti-abortion stand, as a Democrat, could hurt him politically. "You know, I can’t put how I feel about that in a quick sound bite. My agenda is not to overturn Roe v. Wade, but I do think about the issue the way a lot of conservatives do. I can articulate it in
a 30-minute conversation, but it’s more difficult in a campaign. I have been told that this issue wouldn’t loom the way it has in the past."

Even someone who could be his arch rival—Charlie Garcia, Denver’s Public Defender—has only good words to say about Ritter. "We’ve been friends forever. He’s the most straightforward DA I’ve ever known. He’s fair and he’s concerned about the ethics of the people in his shop."

When asked what law he’d like to see changed, Ritter said: "I think as a nation and state and city, we have to figure out what we’re going to do about drug use, abuse and trafficking. I think it’s appropriate to incarcerate people involved in the drug trade. But we should ask ourselves what we might do differently about people who are addicts and abusers. If there’s a way to maintain public safety but doesn’t spend state resources incarcerating those who are only abusers, that’s an area we need to think about. I have so much respect for our Denver Court bench. However, I think the way we were operating the drug court before was the right way. I know our courts are again getting overwhelmed with cases involving drugs."

Member Benefits DBA Governance Committees Public Interest The Docket Metro Volunteer Lawyers DBA Young Lawyers Division Legal Resource Directory DBA Staff The Docket


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text:
DUI Crash Victim Now Dealing With Flooded ApartmentA family already reeling from the aftermath of a drunk driving accident is now coping with damage from a flood.
Historic Church Still Drying Out After FloodingA week after flooding at a historic church in Denver, crews are still trying to dry out the mess.
Most Streams Near Peak Runoff As Temperatures ClimbPeak water runoff is being recorded on most Front Range streams as temperatures climb across the state.
Volunteers Help Flood Victims Get New Homes At 3 Habitat Build SitesA new home is very close to becoming a reality for a couple who was displaced by the September 2013 flooding in Lyons.
Colorado Springs Residents Prepare For Wildfires & FloodingThe city of Colorado Springs held an evacuation drill in the Cheyenne Mountain and Broadmoor neighborhoods on Saturday.
'Severe' Water Main Break Floods 20 Homes In North BoulderThe cleanup is far from over for 20 homeowners in North Boulder after their basements flooded because of a water main break.
Few Oil & Gas Companies Say They Can't Meet New Flood RulesOnly four of the estimated 500 oil and gas companies operating in Colorado say they can't meet the April 1 deadline to implement new safety rules to limit spills during major floods, according to regulators.
Colorado Red Cross Volunteers Head To Help Flood Victims In South CarolinaThe Colorado Chapter of the American Red Cross is sending local volunteers to help with flood relief in South Carolina.
Flood Zones Could Expand, Raising Costs For Some ColoradansNew research shows floods like the one that ransacked northern Colorado two years ago, killing 10 people, might be more common than previously thought — and that could require more homeowners to get flood insurance and trigger more stringent construction rules.
New Drainage System At Heron Lake Keeps Flooding From LongmontFlood mitigation work continues at an area along the Front Range that was devastated by flooding in 2013. Crews have been installing a new drainage system at Heron Lake in Longmont.
'I'm Going To Get Knocked Out' Woman Thought While Trapped In FloodA woman who got trapped in her car during flooding in Colorado Springs says the road suddenly turned into a river.

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text:
John Toews

  • Professor Emeritus

Ph.D. Harvard University, 1973

Fields: European Intellectual and Cultural History
Phone: 206-543-9855
Office: SMI 312A |
Curriculum Vitae:

I am an historian of modern Western intellectual and cultural history, with a specific focus on Europe since the Eighteenth Century .  My teaching and scholarship investigates the emergence and transformation of historical consciousness in Western cultures over the past two centuries.  My work has been particularly focused on reconstructing the cultural assumptions and ethical implications embedded in the texts of influential historical thinkers on the nineteenth-century German tradition, from Hegel to Freud.  I also examine the ways in which thinking of human existence as essentially historical has been articulated in musical compositions and in the spatial forms of architecture and urban planning. In all of my work I try to connect the reconstruction of past thinking to the dilemma of living our own lives, both individually and collectively, with an expanded understanding of our humble status as heterogeneous products of multiple pasts and of our responsibility as makers of the future. Most recently I have turned my attention to the analysis of the shifting cultural frameworks through which temporality is experienced in the contemporary world, and on the ways in which such transformations suggest a need to revise  our customary ways of imagining personal and collective narrative.

At the University of Washington, I am probably  best known for my role in developing the Comparative History of Ideas Program ( CHID) into a national model for innovative interdisciplinary undergraduate education, and into  the second largest Humanities major in the College of Arts and Sciences. Trusting students to participate as full partners with faculty and staff in shaping their curriculum, focusing on project-based and collaborative learning, intensive international experience, public service and constant critical self-reflection, CHID has reinvigorated the traditions of a liberal arts education within the context of responsible global citizenship. The courses I teach in the History Department articulate my interdisciplinary proclivities and are usually cross-listed with the CHID program. I have directed a quarter-long Foreign Study in Berlin a number of times during the last decade that centers on the analysis of architecture and public space as an archive of historical memory and national identity formation.  In recent years I have focused my undergraduate teaching on a series of courses devoted to Marx, Nietzsche and Freud as mentors of modern cultural critique. My seminars at both the graduate and undergraduate level are thematically focused and usually designed to appeal to collaborative investigation across the disciplines.

My most recent publications- essays on the parallels between Mahler and Freud, on the problem of Secularization in Nineteenth Century, on the integration of musical culture into intellectual and cultural history and on the dilemmas facing historical thinking in the wake of the fading of postmodernism and the so-called “linguistic turn”,  represent different facets of my interest in the task of thinking historically about thinking historically in the contemporary era.  My most substantial earlier scholarly works—Hegelianism : the Path Toward Dialectical Humanism (1980) and Becoming Historical: Cultural  Reformation and Public Memory in Early Nineteenth-Century Berlin (2004)—are focused on the emergence of modern historical consciousness in the nineteenth century.  I am currently working on a study of the emergence of modern conceptions of individual identity and self-autonomy in the work of Sigmund Freud, and of the ways in which these conceptions imply new ways of imagining the formation of the self in historical time.

After teaching for six years at Columbia University in New York City I came to the University of Washington in the fall of 1979. I became the Director of CHID after my promotion to Associate Professor of History in 1981. From 1984-89 I was the lucky recipient of a MacArthur Prize fellowship and in 1996-97 I was a Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.   I was the Alumni Distinguished Professor of the College of Arts and Sciences in 2006-2007 and was chosen to give the 31st Annual Faculty Lecture in Spring of 2007.  From 2008 to 2010 I held the Giovanni Costigan Endowed Professorship in History and from 2012 to 2015 served as the Joff Hanauer Distinguished University Professor for Western Civilization in the College of Arts and Sciences.

List of Courses Taught:

HIST//CHID 309:   Marx and the Marxist Tradition in Western Thought: Mentors of Modern Cultural Critique I

HIST/CHID 319: Nietzsche and the Nietzschean Legacy in Western Thought: Foundations of Modern Cultural Critique II

HIST/CHID 314: Freud and the Psychoanalytic Revolution in Historical Perspective:  Mentors of Modern Cultural Critique III

CHID 390: The Interpretation of Texts and Cultures: The Problem of Identity

Becoming Historical: Cultural Reformation and Public Memory in Early Nineteenth-Century Berlin(Cambridge University Press, 2004).
Winner of the Hans Rosenberg Prize of the American Historical Association for the best book in German and Central European History published in 2004-2005

"Refashioning the Masculine Subject in Early Modernism", in Marke Micale, ed. The Mind of Modernism: Medicine, Psychology and the Cultural Arts in Europe and America 1880-1940 ( Stanford University Press, 2003).

"The Linguistic Turn and Discourse Analysis in History," International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (Elsevier Press, 2001), XIII, 8916-1932.

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, edited with a selection of documents and an historical introduction (Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999).

"Having and Being: The Evolution of Freud's Oedipus Theory as a Moral Fable, in Michael Roth ed.,Sigmund Freud: Conflict and Culture ( Alfred Knopf, 1998).

Hegelianism:The Path Toward Dialectical Humanism, 1805-1841 (Cambridge University Press, 1981).


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text:
Agency plan

Table of contents

1. Introduction

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is an agency subject to the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) and is required to comply with the Information Publication Scheme (IPS) requirements. This agency plan describes how the DFAT proposes to do this, as required by section 8(1) of the FOI Act.

DFAT has the role of advancing the interests of Australia and Australians internationally. This involves working to strengthen Australia's security; enhancing Australia's prosperity; and helping Australian travellers and Australians overseas.

DFAT provides foreign and trade policy advice to the government. We work with other government agencies to ensure that Australia's pursuit of its global, regional and bilateral interests is coordinated effectively.

Reforms to the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) have established the Information Publication Scheme (IPS). The purpose of the IPS is to enhance and promote Australia's representative democracy by increasing public participation in government processes and increasing scrutiny, discussion, comment and review of government activities and decisions.

The draft plan has been prepared to assist DFAT implement the IPS, in accordance with section 8(1) of the FOI Act and to give the Australian public the opportunity to comment and provide feedback on this plan.

The purpose of the plan is to:

  1. Comply with section 8(1) of the FOI Act
  2. Assist the planning and development of DFAT's IPS
  3. Initiate processes to proactively discover and disclose DFAT's documents, in accordance with the objectives of the FOI Act
  4. Facilitate public consultation on DFAT's response to the IPS

The objectives of this plan and the IPS are to:

  1. Manage DFAT's documents with relevance to the IPS
  2. Proactively identify all information required to be published, including this plan, under section 8(2) of the FOI Act
  3. Review and ensure on a regular basis that information published under the IPS is accurate, up-to-date and complete (section 8B of the FOI Act)
  4. Ensure that information published under the IPS is discoverable, understandable and machine-readable
  5. Ensure that the format of online content will conform with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (Version 2) (WCAG 2.0)
  6. Publish all identified information on the DFAT website, regularly review the material and update as required
  7. Measure the community uptake and other aspects of DFAT's IPS

2. Implementing the Information Publication Scheme

The Assistant Secretary, Domestic Legal Branch (AS DLB) is responsible for leading DFAT's implementation of the FOI reforms, including establishment of the IPS.

Establishing DFAT's IPS contribution by 1 May 2011

DFAT is committed to providing information to the public about its functions and activities that is useful, relevant, up to date and accurate. DFAT currently provides:

  • responses to information requests from the public
  • responses to FOI requests
  • information published on the agency website
  • printed reports and other material available to the public

DFAT's IPS will proactively identify and publish information that will assist the public to understand and engage with the activities and decisions of the agency.

Roles and responsibilities

The Assistant Secretary, Domestic Legal Branch is supported by the IPS Working Group, the Freedom of Information and Privacy Law Section, the Website Management Section and by officers across the Department to establish DFAT's contribution to the IPS by 1 May 2011.

The IPS working group has developed a draft spreadsheet of information required or permitted to be published under s8(2) and 8(4).

To prepare the draft spreadsheet, the IPS working group spent approximately two months:

  • auditing documents currently published on the DFAT website ( and identifying the documents that will form part of the IPS from 1 May 2011
  • creating a list of IPS documents (including those not already published on the DFAT website)
  • compiling a spreadsheet of links to IPS documents on DFAT's internal intranet site that are not currently published on the DFAT website
  • identifying any IPS documents that are not accurate, up to date or complete
  • nominating suitable staff members to take responsibility for ensuring particular IPS documents which are not accurate, up to date or complete, are revised by 1 May 2011.

The draft spreadsheet facilitates compliance with WCAG 2.0 (see Objectives on page 2), as it:

  • describes the format of all IPS documents currently published on the DFAT websites
  • contains a link to an alternative format of an IPS document (preferably an RTF (rich text format) version), where the document is only available in Portable Document Format (PDF) on the DFAT website
  • contains a link to an RTF version and, if available, a searchable PDF for IPS documents that are not on the DFAT website
  • identifies any other issues that may affect publication of an IPS document on the DFAT website.

In the context of the IPS, the Freedom of Information and Privacy Law Section has the following roles:

  • initial consultation within the agency to assist other areas in identifying information covered by the FOI reforms
  • preparation of the Agency plan for executive endorsement and public consultation
  • responding to public feedback and considering changes in the planning and administration of DFAT's IPS
  • liaison with DFAT Divisions to assist them to identify and forward documents for publication
  • leading the IPS working group
  • creation and publication of an information register, which includes the disclosure log for information released under FOI requests
  • control and maintenance of the information register to ensure information is up to date and accurate
  • setting up a system for fulfilling requests for information that are covered by the IPS but not available electronically, including information in other formats such as hardcopies or on disc. This service may attract a charge for time and materials.

The Website Management Section has the following roles:

  • design and development of the DFAT website that meets the requirements of the FOI Act, guidelines of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC), DFAT's commitments and obligations to accessibility standards and the DFAT website design
  • preparation of documents for publication with special responsibility for accessibility standards
  • publication of information identified under the scheme
  • maintenance of the IPS website
  • assistance with the development of other systems such as the information register
  • responsible for implementation of government compliance and accessibility requirements such as the Web Accessibility National Transition Strategy based on recommendations from the Government 2.0 Taskforce.

DFAT Divisions

  • Prior to 1 May, identify, update and arrange for all operational information held by the Department to be made available through the IPS.
  • Beyond 1 May, each Division that holds information that is covered by the IPS will be asked to nominate an IPS coordinator for that Division
  • IPS coordinators will form the IPS Reference Group under the leadership of the Director Freedom of Information and Privacy Law Section and the Director, Website Management Section
  • Further detail on the roles of IPS representatives will be established. However, broadly they will:
    • Liaise internally to identify information in their Division covered by the IPS including mandatory and optional information
    • clear this information for publication as appropriate
    • follow relevant Departmental policies for upload of information to the internet.
    • respond to requests for reviews and update new information to maintain the currency of the IPS

Public consultation on the Agency Plan will be welcomed from the time of its publication. Details of this consultation will be available at the time of publication of the Agency Plan.

Expected information upload by 1 May 2011 deadline

DFAT is committed to meeting its obligations under the IPS. For reasons including that certain documents are currently undergoing major revision, not all operational information will be available for download by 1 May. In each case, alternative arrangements for obtaining or discussing the relevant information will be in place and will be publicised on the IPS site. Dates by which it is expected to publish this additional information will be identified and DFAT will continue to identify and publish information into the future.

From 1 May 2011, DFAT's ongoing compliance with the IPS will be coordinated by the Freedom of Information and Privacy Law Section, Website Management Section and Divisions which have responsibility for documents on the IPS website.

Each Division within DFAT will be responsible for day to day tasks associated with complying with the IPS regarding the information relating to their Division. The Freedom of Information and Privacy Law Section will continue to advise on the application of the FOI Act to documents being identified by Divisions for uploading, and will be responsible for implementing, reviewing and revising the agency plan.

As part of managing the ongoing administration of the IPS information holdings, the Department will develop a Guide to publishing information under the IPS for DFAT staff. The guide will:

  • describe processes to be followed internally to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of published information
  • help staff to identify on an ongoing basis any information to be published under the IPS
  • describe the process for publishing information.

The Department will engage in better practice initiatives to engage with the community about DFAT's contribution to the IPS. These include:

  • issuing a media release announcing the launch of the IPS
  • making IPS documents as easily discoverable, understandable and machine-readable as possible
  • inviting members of the public to contact the FOI contact officer via the DFAT website with comments on the IPS information holdings, particularly if any documents are found not to be discoverable, understandable or machine-readable

The Department will also put in place a system to enable DFAT IPS documents, which are not available on the DFAT website, to be made available upon request.

DFAT may charge a person for accessing any IPS document which it is impracticable to publish online:

  • at the lowest reasonable cost
  • to reimburse specific reproduction costs or other specific costs (s 8D(4)).

DFAT will publish on its website a list of any IPS documents that are impracticable to publish online. The website will state that a person seeking access to any of these documents may contact the relevant Division which owns the document to arrange access.

The list of documents will include indicative charges that may be imposed for making that information available and an explanation for the charge. These charges will be consistent with charges in the Freedom of Information (Charges) Regulations 1982 (which generally apply to access requests under Part III of the FOI Act).

Information architecture

DFAT will publish its IPS information holdings on its website in accordance with the timetable at Annexure A (except where this is impracticable).

To enhance consistency for public users of the IPS, DFAT's IPS will be accessed via the IPS logo link from the DFAT home page and links for other agency websites.

The IPS information to be published on the DFAT website under the scheme, will be published under the following headings:

Under s8(4), DFAT may also publish other information held by the agency. If so, appropriate headings to capture this information will be utilised in addition to the above.

To ensure that the IPS information holdings (and individual IPS documents) are easily discoverable, understandable and machine-readable, DFAT will:

  • publish an IPS icon on the homepage of its website, which will link to the IPS section of the website
  • design and publish an IPS entry point on its website
  • wherever possible, provide online content in a format that can be searched, copied and transformed
  • publish a sitemap for its website, to help individuals identify the location of information published under ss 8(2) and 8(4)
  • provide a search function for its website
  • establish links to this agency plan
  • seek and respond to community feedback about whether the IPS information holdings (and individual IPS documents) are easily discoverable, understandable and machine-readable.

DFAT will make its IPS documents available on the IPS section of the website either through a link from the IPS section or published in the IPS section directly.

DFAT will, so far as possible, make its IPS information holdings available for reuse under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence, unless otherwise noted as detailed on the DFAT copyright page.

Information required to be published

DFAT will publish documents required to be published under the IPS (s 8(2)) in the IPS section of the DFAT website.

DFAT will publish these documents in accordance with the timeframe set out in Annexure A.

DFAT will publish these documents under the following headings:

Agency plan
Who we are
this will include an organisational chart and information about statutory appointments
for statutory appointees, DFAT will publish the name of the person appointed, the length or term of appointment, the position to which the person is appointed (and particulars of the position) and the provision of the Act under which the person is appointed.
What we do
this will outline the functions and decision making powers of the Department
DFAT will also publish rules, guidelines, practices and precedents relating to these functions and powers.
Our reports and responses to Parliament
this will include the full text of DFAT's recent annual reports (2008-2009 and 2009-2010) tabled in Parliament.
Routinely requested information
this will include information in documents to which the Department routinely gives access in response to FOI requests
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Idaho Firefighter Dies Fighting Palo Pinto County Blaze

PALO PINTO COUNTY (CBSDFW.COM) – Firefighters across Texas and the country are mourning the loss of one of their own. The rescuer died Thursday while fighting the latest fire in Palo Pinto County.

Caleb Hamm was battling a wildfire near Mineral Wells when he collapsed. Hamm was a member of the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Bonneville Interagency Hotshot crew, based in Salt Lake City, Utah.

The 24-year-old from Idaho died while being transported to the hospital by helicopter ambulance. An autopsy will be performed but there’s speculation his death is heat-related. Temperatures in the area reached 105-degrees the day Hamm collapsed.

Don Smurthwaite, with the National Interagency Fire Center, says their firefighters are all trained to look out for one another, but something obviously went wrong.

“They know exactly what to do and that is to get them off the line and begin medical treatment. However, in this case it doesn’t appear that that system worked the way it should have.”

Smurthwaite says when the investigation is complete there will most likely be recommendations handed down on how to prevent this kind of accident from happening again.

One Comment

  1. Kim Dar says:

    Our prayers are with his family and his fellow firefighters. He is a true hero.

  2. Beverly Hill says:

    Our hearts and prayers go out to the firefighter’s family. My son is volunteer firefighter and they are constantly putting their lives on the line. It can be a very difficult job at times and we as family members pray for all of them whether it be here or for firefighters in other states. May God be with the family

  3. C Bauer says:

    I thought he was a firefighter from Utah. That’s what the news first reported – or is this another sad casualty?

Comments are closed.

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Open Access

Primary Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of lung: a report of one case and review

Diagnostic Pathology20127:70

DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-70

Received: 3 April 2012

Accepted: 20 June 2012

Published: 20 June 2012

To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of lung.

A case of primary pulmonary intravascular large B-cell lymphoma was analysed in histopathology and immunophenotype.

The patient is a 42-year-old female who had cough for one year. Computed tomography showed ground-glass opacities and small nodules in bilateral lung fields. Histopathology demonstrated accumulation of similar sized neoplastic cells within alveolar capillaries, widening the alveolar septae. The alveolar structure sustained in part of districtions. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for CD20 and negative for CD3,CK, which were similar to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Primary pulmonary presentation is even more rare. The diagnosis is based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma Primary Lung Clinicopathology

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma characterized by the selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumina of vessels, particularly within capillaries, with exception of larger arteries and veins [1]. The clinical presentation is highly variable due to occlusion of small vessels or capillaries in different organ systems. This is an aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis which in part reflects frequent delays in diagnosis due to above variable symptoms. The most common clinical manifestations involve central nervous system (CNS) presentations, cutaneous leisions, fever of unknown origin, or hemophagocytic syndrome. Although autopsy findings have revealed that pulmonary involvement is common in this disease, primary presentation in the lungs is distinctly uncommon and has been rarely described. We here reported a case that manifested predominantly as clinical interstitial lung disease and finally proven IVLBCL by biopsy. To our knowledge, this maybe the first case of primary IVLBCL in the lung. The clinical features, histopathological characteristics, and differential diagnosis of primary IVLBCL were also discussed in this article.

Case presentation

Patient and methods

The patient was a 42-year-old chinese woman who presented with nonproductive cough and occasional shortness of breath for one year. She had no prior history of lung disease, and no exposure to occupational or dust hazards. No focal findings were noted on examination especially of skin and CNS when the patient consulted our hospital. Her routine laboratory findings were uneventful. CT showed diffused ground glass opacities and scattered reticulonodular shadow infiltrated bilateral lungs(Figure 1). No superficial and deep lymphadenopathy was found. There was no abnormal finding with ECT and brain MRI. She was diagnosed with interstitial penumonitis and treated with antibiotics by our physician. But after transient improvement of symptoms, the treatment was not effective and the chest CT-scan showed diffused interstitial shadows remained. She then went to surgery for pulmonary biopsy. In the operation, there was no adhesion between the lungs and the chest walls, the whole lungs showed very tiny granules, no mass was seen in the lungs. The tissues of lingular segment of left superior lobe, basal segment and dorsal segment of left inferior lobe were resected and sent to pathology for diagnosis.
Figure 1

chest CT-scan showed diffused interstitial shadows.

Tissue sections were fixed in 10 % formalin and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stains were supplemented. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted in selected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of case. A Leica autostainer (Bond Max) using a standard avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique (with blocking of endogenous biotin) was used for immunohistochemical studies. Heat-induced epitope retrieval was applied as pretreatment for selected markers. Diaminobenzidine was utilized as the chromogen. The primary antibodied have been summarized in Table 1. Appropriate positive and negative controls were run concurrently for all the markers tested.
Table 1

Panel of Antibodies

Gene Tech

Chromogranin A

Gene Tech

Cytokeratin 5/6

D5/6 B4

Gene Tech

Cytokeratin 7

Gene Tech

Gene Tech

Gene Tech

19 H7

1 H4

Gross pathology findings

  1. (1.)

    Lingular segment of left superior lobe (1.4 x 1.3 x 0.6 cm) showed gray white color and median texture.

  2. (2.)

    Basal segment of left inferior lobe (2.6 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm).

  3. (3.)

    Dorsal segment of inferior lobe (2 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm), a grayish white node was seen in the incisal surface(1 x 0.7 x 0.3 cm), with clear margin.

Part of alveolar structure remained in these resections with mediastinal widening. The large atypical tumour cells were mainly lodged in the lumina of small pulmonary arterioles, venules, capillaries, and lymphatics in cluster (Figure 2 and 3). The neoplastic cells were irregular shaped with prominent nucleoli. They showed large, vesicular, indented nuclei, eosinophilic nucleoli and moderate amount of pale cytoplasm. Mitoses including atypical forms were seen frequently. Minimal extravascular location of neoplastic cells also can be seen. The perivascular regions contained and admixture of small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histocytes. The neoplastic cells distended vessels; in particular capillaries superficially resembled an interstitial pneumonia, leukemia, or metastatic carcinoma.
Figure 2

Hematoxylin-eosin staining of pulmonary interstitium intravascular lymphoma (100X).
Figure 3

Hematoxylin-eosin staining of pulmonary interstitium intravascular lymphoma (400X),the the alveolar septae was widen and filled with tumour cells showed in high power field.

The tumor cells were highlighted by staining for common leukocyte antigen and B-cell marker CD20 (Figure 4). The tumor cells exhibited no immunoreactivity for CKpan, CK7, CK5/6, SPA, SPB, TTF-1 and for T-cell marker CD3. And no staining was seen with CD34 (Figure 5), S-100protein, Syn, Chr-A, actin, or desmin, either. Proliferative marker, KI-67 showed distinctive nuclear reaction involving 70 % neoplastic cells (Figure 6).
Figure 4

CD20 immunostain of the neoplastic intravascular B lymphocytes (400X).
Figure 5

CD34 immunostain shows the neoplastic lymphocytes located in the alveolar capillaries,(200X).
Figure 6

KI-67 immunostain highlights the proliferation of intravascular lymphoma cells, (200X).

The patient refused to have chemotherapy treatment after the IVLBCL diagnosis made. She died after 20 months.

By the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, IVLBCL is a rare type of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma characterized by the selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumina of vessels, particularly capillaries, with exception of larger arteries and veins [1]. It is a rare and aggressive variant of intravascular proliferation of clonal lymphocytes with little to no parenchymal involvement.

The clinical manifestations of IVLBCL are highly variable and depend on the preferentially involved organs. There are no pathognomonic, clinical, laboratory, or radiological signs of IVLBCL. Nearly half of cases present fever of unknown origin, night sweats, malaise, fatigue, unexplained weight loss. Anemia, high lactic acid,dehydrogenase levels, and high sedimentation rates are typical. In Western countries, CNS and cutaneous symptoms account for close to 80 % of presentations, while in Asian countries, hemaphagocytic syndrome are much more commonly seen. And some authors found that 68 % of IVLBCL patients had symptoms present in at least one of these organs. Although autopsy findings indicated that lung involvement in IVLBCL is relatively frequent (approximately 60 %) [2], predominat or primary presentation in lung has been rare. Diagnosis for our patient was so difficult because she did not demonstrate any cutaneous or neurological symptoms. Only chest CT revealed diffuse interstitial changes. Then she was treated with antibiotics and after transient improvement of symptoms, the treatment was not effective and the chest CT-scan remained shadows. For the purpose of diagnosis, surgical lung biopsy was performed. All biopsied specimens demonstrated obstruction of the small vessels by large neoplastic lymphoid cells, which expressed B-cell associated antigen CD20. These histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of IVLBCL. Radiological examinations in pulmonary IVLBCL present various findings. The majority of cases with lung involvement showed diffuse interstitial infiltrates, pleural effusion, signs of pulmonary hypertension, or consolidation in the lung. In this case, our patient did not demonstrate any cutaneous or neurological symptoms. The laboratory findings were normal. And except her chest CT appeared interstitial pneumonitis alike, there was no involvement of any other organ considered typical of IVLBCL. All of these made the diagnosis challenging and difficult. Recently, FDG-PET has emerged as a powerful functional imaging tool in the assessment of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Several authors have reported that FDG-PET is useful for the diagnosis of IVLBCL when this type of lymphoma is clinically suspected. FDG-PET is a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of IVLBCL with pulmonary involvement, if the possibility of this disease presents in the patient with respiratory symptoms without abnormal findings by CT [3, 4].

IVLBCL is characterized by a massive intravascular proliferation of atypical mononuclear cells which lodged in the lumina of small or intermediate vessels in many organs. The neoplastic lymphoid cells are large with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. Fibrin thrombi, haemorhage and necrosis may be seen. IVLBCL needs to be differentiated from venous thromboembolism, bland thrombus mixed with lymphoma cells, metastatic carcinoma or melanoma. The other differential diagnosis of intravascular malignancy in the lung includes lymphomatoid granulomatosis, angiocentric lymphoma, sarcoma, and pulmonary involvement by acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Immunohistochemistry will provide great help for the correct diagnosis. In this case, the neoplastic cells showed ground or oval shape with large, vesicular nuclei, and little to moderate amounts of pale cytoplasm. No adhesion was seen between tumor cell. Neuroendocrine tumor and other mesenchymal differentiated tumors (smooth muscle tissue, neuro tissue et al.) can not be excluded. So we perform antibodies like Syn, Chr-A, desmin, S-100 to help differentiation diagnosis.

The mechanism of selective intravascular location of IVLBCL are largely unknown. Several studies showed that the defective interactions between lymphoma cells and vessels may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder [57]. Lymphocyes circulating in the blood vessels bind to high endothelial venules (HEV) with lymphocyte homing receptor, traverse vessels walls and enter lymphoid organs. They also found that IVLBCL cells had normal levels of lymphocyte homing receptor, while the presence of HEV is selectively low or absent in organs where IVLBCL commonly occurs, such as brain and skin. These observations suggest that a deficiency of HEV in particular sites of blood vessels may block lymphoma cells transvascular passage and result in the unusual intravascular location of lymphoma cells. CD29 and CD54 are key molecules for transvascular trafficking and migration. Recently, it was found that IVLBCL cells express low levels of CD29 and CD54, which may be responsible for the selective growth of IVLBCL. In addition, IVLBCL cells have lower levels of another adhesion molecule CD18, which may also contribute to their inability to extravasate [8]. CXCL9-CXCR3 also provide a possible new clue to the pathogenesis of IVLBCL by virtue of the characteristic expression of them. CXCR3 was expressed in IVLBCL and its ligand, CXCL9, was expressed in blood vessels, which might explain the aggregation of atypical lymphocytes in the vascular lumen [9].

Patients with IVLBCL are thought to have a systemic disease with an aggressive clinical course [10]. The site of disease influences the prognosis. Patients with CNS involvement at initial diagnosis developed early CNS progression. Conversely, the duration between initial diagnosis and CNS recurrence was long in patients without CNS involvement [11]. These findings might reflect differences in clinical manifestations between patients with CNS IVLBCL and patients with cutaneous IVLBCL. The latter have a significantly longer survival. Combination chemotheraphy is the mainstay of treatment. CHOP or CHOP-like therapy has been more commonly offered. The addition of rituximab to CHOP therapy substantially improved the prognosis of IVLBCL. But the difficulties and delays in diagnosis oftern result in the poor prognosis which make it urgent need to better understand this lymphoma and to optimize its therapeutic management.

Written informed consent was obtained from the next of kin of the patient for publication of this Case Report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma

Central nervous system

H & E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

World Health Organization

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

High endothelial venules.

Authors’ Affiliations

Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine
Department of Pathology, Tongji University School of Medicine
Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine

  1. Swerdlow Steven H, Elias Campo, Nancy Lee Harris, et al.: WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2008, 4Google Scholar
  2. Wick MR, Mills SE, Scheithauer BW, et al.: Reassessment of malignant “angioendotheliomatosis”. Evidence in favor of its reclassification as “intravascular lymphomatosis”. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986, 10: 112-123. 10.1097/00000478-198602000-00004.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Balkema C, Meersseman W, Hermans G, et al.: Usefulness of FDG-PET to diagnosis intravascular lymphoma with encephalopathy and renal involvement. Acta Clin Belg. 2008, 63 (3): 185-189.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Shimada K, Kosugi H, Shimada S, et al.: Evaluation of organ involvement in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography. Int J Hematol. 2008, 88 (2): 149-153. 10.1007/s12185-008-0102-7.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Ferry JA, Harris NL, Picker LJ, et al.: Intravascular lymphomatosis (malignant angioendotheliomatosis), A B-cell neoplasm expressing surface homing receptors. Mod Pathol. 1988, 1: 444-452.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Jalkanen S, Aho R, Kallajoki M, et al.: Lymphocyte homing receptors and adhesion molecules in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis. Int J Cancer. 1989, 44: 777-782. 10.1002/ijc.2910440505.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Ponzoni M, Arrigoni G, Gould VE, et al.: Lack of CD29 (beta 1 integrin) and CD54 (ICAM-1) adhesion molecules in intravascular lymphomatosis. Hum Pathol. 2000, 31: 220-226. 10.1016/S0046-8177(00)80223-3.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Yao X, Sadd A, Chitambar CR: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, an exclusively small vessel disease? A case report and review of literature. Leuk Res. 2010, 34: 275-277. 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.016.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
  9. Kato M, Ohshima K, Mizuno M, et al.: Analysis of CXCL9 and CXCR3 expression in a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009, 61: 888-891. 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.007.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Campo E, et al.: Definition, diagnosis, and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: proposals and perspectives from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25: 3168-3173. 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.2313.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Shimada K, Murase T, Matsue K, et al.: Central nervous system involvement in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: A retrospective analysis of 109 patients. Cancer Sci. 2010, 101: 1480-1486. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01555.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar

© Yu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Wednesday, April 28, 2010

on the road again wearing different clothes again

Yes, its good to be riding my bike again, its been far to long. This was Sunday morning on the way to the Long Beach swapmeet. We all went out the night before to see the Black Tibetans at the Redwood bar, big mistake. 2 hours sleep then 30 minutes of trying to start the shovel, I kicked and kicked till I vommed....nice. I really need to get some new plugs or something.

  1. Looks Good Matt. Did you extend your front end at all? sorts looks like a diff stance... more raked or something..

  2. While you were looking elsewhere, I stuck my peepee in the tailpipe (both of em)... just to show how much I love this bike.

  3. gotta hate hung over hard starts. brain squishing all around in the noggin and what not.


text:
Contact Us

Instant Expert: The Clash

The Clash
Hulton Archive
You’ve seen them at parties, lurking in the corner, waiting to engage in battle disguised as conversation. They’re indie rock know-it-alls, and no matter what band or musician you mention, they’ve got an opinion — strong and almost certainly negative — ready to ram down your throat. With Instant Expert, we offer preparation for these very situations. Each Thursday, in advance of your weekend carousing, we pick an artist and provide a quickie career overview, highlighting both prevailing critical opinions and the inevitable contrarian counterarguments. Even if you’re completely unfamiliar with the music, you’ll be able to bluff your way through and defend your indie cred. This week: the Clash.

The Clash
Kate Simon

The Gist

The Sex Pistols may have gotten there first, but the Clash were the best punk band. Ever. They were also the most versatile. The group released only five albums (nobody counts 1985's crappy 'Cut the Crap,' which was made without guitarist/singer/co-founder Mick Jones), but each of them portrays a restless band in transition. From their early spit-in-your-face singles to the Top 10 showing of 1982's 'Combat Rock,' the Clash, for a time at least, indeed sounded like, as their fans claimed, the Only Band That Matters.

The Clash London Calling

Critical Consensus

The band's third album came out at the very end of 1979, pretty much making it the first great — yeah, why not, the greatest — album of the '80s. The Clash messed around with rockabilly, reggae and soul music along with their usual punk. They even managed to sneak a great pop song, 'Train in Vain,' onto the end of it.

The Clash

Contrarian Counterargument

The Clash's 1977 self-titled debut is their only real punk album. Even the reconfigured U.S. version of the record, which came out two years later, can't compare. They really do sound like the only band that matters here.

The Clash Sandinista

'Sandinista!' is where the band really stuck it to the establishment. They produced it themselves, the original vinyl version contained three records and it included everything from dub and disco to rap and R&B. Plus, they named it after communist freedom fighters!

The Clash Should I Stay or Should I Go

Whatever You Do, Don’t Say This

'Should I Stay or Should I Go' sounded great in that one commercial.

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Love and Sexuality

Sublimation and tantra

Because it offers a comprehension of love and sexuality according to an Initial Philosophy: for discovering the divine gift of what Plato talked about in the Symposium: “Here is, so I declare it, the energy of love (eros) is, the most ancient and worthiest, among gods. It has the greatest titles for driving the man on the virtue and happiness way, both in life and in kingdom of afterlife”. So, we set out some reflections drawn by the disciplines of the Initial Philosophy (kabbala, alchemy, symbolism, tarots, astrology, yoga tantra) with the hope to furnish, to our visitors, internal stimulus to analyze and to face up better the demonstration of love and sexuality in the daily life.
What does initial philosophy bring about original, compared with the generic philosophical religious approach, and compared with that psychoanalytical and psychological?
Concretely, how can love (platonic winged eros) conduct us on this way, predicted by many evolved creatures? How to direct this extraordinary energy towards the predestinate aim and not stopped at halfway? So, what is the predestinate half? Does this aim involve sadness, inexpressible privations and the cessation of the pleasure? Or, is it an approaching to a new pleasure, more intense and thinner, to new joys? Moreover, this sense would have a spiritual run if this had to conduct to sadness and privation?
Probably, it only need substitute a rough, temporary and carrier, in the time of poisons and bitterness, pleasure with another kind of pleasure which develops light, knowledge, joy and generosity. The fear to abdicate the most immediate pleasure, stops sometimes the enter and the experimentation of ancient truths.
Is this love, that man knows in the affective sphere, different from love that move the sun and the other stars" of which Dante, the Supreme Poet ("L'amor che move il sole e l'altre stelle" in Paradise XXXIII, 145) talked about?

That this energy can help us to fly and ,so, to feed our spiritual centers (chakra), symbolically, it is well-known since the antiquity. In fact, The winged dragon, fantastic animal knew to all the mythologies and at present also in the Christian iconography, is the symbol of the existing instinctive strengths in the man and of their possible transformation. Subduing and steering these strength to use them as mean of propulsion towards the most elevated peaks of the spirit, represents the deep sense of the spiritual run that everyone is, or it will be, called to complete it.
The predestination of the man is to develop, here on the earth, his divine quality and the sexual energy. The energy of love is the resource, inseparable from the practice of the virtues, predestinate to feed the development of the spiritual organs of the man (chakra).
It is necessary to add that it doesn't mean to dominate the sexual energy for not committing a sin, but it means to sublime it... it doesn't need to repress it, but to sensitize it, and to direct it upward; this is its predestination and it brings suffering or mere renouncement in the man. But to enrich him, to give him more elevated and more intense joys, that’s why, if energy goes upward, it feeds the spiritual, extraordinary centers (chakras) that everyone has got effectively, if also to the latent state, made exception for the evolved creatures, the geniuses and above all the Saints whose spiritual gifts are apparent and visible to everybody.

Certainly it is not an easy job, whose result can be programmed to temporal level. It doesn't deal with applying mental techniques in theory, tout court, but to develop, day by day, with humility, simplicity and tolerance also towards themselves, a state of conscience, a whole of so many small daily behaviors more and more elevated, so a day it can be tasted, also on the earth, that fullness, that joy to which our soul strongly and naturally long for.
"The sexual strength or the winged dragon", not by chance it is just the title of Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov’s famous work with which the author has deepened the comprehension of love and sexuality. He has furnished concrete indications to live in an harmonious way this divine energy ,that feeds our existence. "All the human beings, whoever they are, without knowing they look for God. Do they believe to look for only the happiness? and who doesn't look for it? God is anywhere in the universe and he is hidden in all of this that arouses our desire. The ambitious ones, the drunkards, the gluttons, the avid ones, the dissolute persons, by their way, everybody look for God, because effectively it is also possible to find one lower case letter of Yours particle in the alcohol, in the food, in the sexuality, in the money, in the glory, in the power... God can be found anywhere, also in the swamps, also in the stones where Your presence is as a hidden spark. Certainly from these things you can be drawn only a momentary satisfaction, because God not him he can really find in the coarsest layers, in the inferior forms of the subject, but only in the spirit." (Daily thoughts)
This spiritual job, this activity, willy-nilly, constitutes a forced way of our run in this long cycle of the reincarnations. And' an activity that doesn't ask for isolation, monastic life or bachelorhood. It is compatible with the life of couple and with the life from single.
Certainly in this field there is a risk to stir from an excess to the other and whoever scrutinizes with sincerity his own behaviors he can recognize it.
The initiatic philosophy finds a different point of balance from the traditional yoga tantra.
Mirabail M. talks about that in his volume "Dictionnaire de l'ésotérisme - Collection Marabout université": "O.M. Aivanhov talks, instead, about another way: a sort of loving homeopathy" susceptible to wake up again in the creatures, also in the life of couple, the spiritual gifts that are present in each of us.

The contribution of the Philosophy

The great illness of the twentieth century, that has to be seen with all our problems and it strikes us both as single individuals both in so much society, is the «loss of soul». When the soul is neglected, it doesn't limit him to abandon us; it reappears in symptomatic way in the obsessions, in the dependences of every kind, in the forms of violence and in the loss of meaning. We have tried to isolate these symptoms or to eradicate them one by one; but the background problem is that we have lost ours to relatively know to the soul and we don't even interest there more to it". (Thomas Moore)
The man's soul reborn in the Renaissance official culture for worth of Ficino, it returns today in the contemporary psychology of Hilmann.
Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) author, besides, of the De religione Christiana et fidei pietate and Commentary on Plato's Symposium on Love, conceives the universe as universal hierarchy organized in five Corporate body: God, angels, rational soul, quality and body.
At the top there is God, in an intermediary position there is man, or, better the human soul ("copy of the world").
The soul is the base of every creature, it is the soul of every individual it mirrors the world that surrounds her.
The Renaissance theory of the homo copulation mundi replaces the man to the center of the world after centuries of pessimism and anticipates the modern psychology cfr. Hilmann.
The man is the middle term between the divine and the ground. Then the soul of the man is the center of the world, where divine and terrestrial meet her. The man has the liberty to decide if to inhale the tall one or to lose himself in the lower part, has the privilege to perceive both the divine things and the terrestrial things. The accession to God ends with a gradual run done of knowledge and love.
How observes Aivanhov in "Man's Two Natures, Human and Divine " man is set to the limits of the animal world and the divine world; its nature is therefore double and it is important that he takes conscience of such ambivalence to win her and to overcome her. If in the sacred texts it is written "you are gods" it is for remembering the presence of a superior essence to the man hidden in him. So, he has to learn to manifest it."
The Nature for Ficino is the Symbol of the unity of the Immortalize Love that has produced it, even if this appears disguised in the deceptive multiplicity of the creatures. This Love produces all the Realities, inclusive that visible in which we live. This gasp of love he manifests perpetually the creation of reality and it extends, to return to his origin, inhales in turn, to rejoin. This trial back of love towards himself ends above all through the trip of the man.
In the comment Tale of Eros and Psyche (The legend of 'Cupid and Psyche, or the Tale of Amour and Psyche) of Apuleius, Ficino talks about ecstasy of lover as "furor amatorius", because ‚who really loves tries to rejoin himself to God, to the part of itself, to create the "spirituals circuits" from God to the soul and from it to God. The eros is winged, as explained Plato, because it can conduct the man towards the spiritual salvation.
Despite Ficino had been orderly priest, he succeeded in proposing a new vision of the Christianity (cfr. introduction to the Enneads of Plotino)... it is the true and taller form of one "Tradition", about a common religion and natural precedent... the run of the divine Revelation is not initiated with the Christianity, but it started to be revealed also before, in the investigation and in the works of Zarathustra, of Hermes Trismegisto, Pythagoras, Plato...
How said M. Ficino " It was the supporter of an ideal of Humanity to respect all of his members, that only Humanity that looks for the Light - the only Light - also practicing and crossing different streets."
Traditionally, the Initial Philosophy, the intention are established to know the soul, to explain the divine nature of the sexual energy, to disclose its sacred finality, to illustrate its formalities to direct it.
Certainly, it is not an easy job whose result can be programmed to temporal level. It doesn't deal with applying mental techniques in theory, tout court, but to develop, day by day, with humility, simplicity and tolerance also towards themselves, a state of conscience raised, a whole daily behaviors permeated by the desire to live that ethical values proper of the teaching of the Gospel... And we have to intervene on the behavior of life.
The utility of the Initial philosophy derives from the fact that it can offer the cognitive and methodological tools to face this run of improvement and perfecting. All of them desire to spiritualize, to embellish their own sexuality to change indeed, the it is necessary to know, suitable methods and Love from who intends to change.
We will talk, therefore, some disciplines of the initial philosophy (cabala, alchemy, symbolism, tarots, astrology, the homeopathic way) in synthetic way necessarily with the auspice to furnish internal levers to our visitors to analyze and to face better the demonstration of love and t sexuality in the daily life.

The Chakras and the Kundalini

Inside every human being there is:
- a network of nerves and sensory organs that are in contact with the external physical world and it corresponds to the traditional structure of man according to the western culture that the soul adds you;
- as well as a thin system of channels (nadi) and of centers of energy (chakra) and this corresponds to the structure of the thin bodies according to the oriental mystical culture.
The most ancient story where the word is mentioned chakra, it seems to attribute to Sees: the god Vishnu is described while it is coming down on the earth bringing among his four arms a chakra, a flower of lotus, a baton and a shell.
The term sanscrito Nadi derives from the root Nad that means "movement" and the Nadis are the channels through which the Prana (the vital strength) it flows for the whole thin body of the man.
Chakra in Sanskrit means wheel and represented as vortex of energy that rotates in our body.
The sleeping strength at the base of the coccyx, called Kundalini, it is the reflex of the Divine Mother who is in us. The Greek talks about "Pneuma", the Islam of "Ruh", the Christians "Puff of the Saint Spirit", the Hebrews of "Shekhinah" and, still first the Sumeris revered "Inanna", the mother goddess that gives the spiritual birth and the sacred puff.
The chakras are also represented by the flower of lotus, sacred in India, that is born from the mud as a flower of few petals and it is disclosed and it evolves up to become a" lotus from the thousand petals." As the flower of lotus also the man can develop departing from the ground of the instincts up to reach the maximum spiritual conscience, the illumination, the true awareness of the Itself, or according to the Gospel, "the Second birth."
This thin structure represents, under the symbolic profile, a spiritual suit that the man possesses, but that he doesn't succeed in wearing yet. The Saints, the Teachers have succeeded in this assignment and the test is furnished by the spiritual gifts that they manifests.
In fact in this sketch it can be observed around the head, in proximity of the last chakra (Sahasrara), the presence of an aureole, of a bright bundle: symbol of holiness.
Every chakras possesses different spiritual qualities. These qualities exist to the latent state... when the Kundalini wakes up him and goes up, it acts on the chakras that open as the flowers of lotus... then the spiritual qualities proper of every chakras start to be revealed in our life.
The development of the chakras, or goes up again of the Kundalini it is therefore, at the same time, a process of spiritual ascension.

To illustrate the formalities of gone up again of the kundalini we can furnish these simple indications.
Along the acantha, we have the central channel Sushumna through which it has to go up again Kundalini. This channel to facilitate the ascent of the kundalini must preliminarily be polishes up through the purification.
To the left and to the right of the channel sushumna, and in some points are crossed, we have the two Nadis or current, Ida and Pingala, that as spirals go up again long Sushumna and they finish at the base of the nostrils.
In this sketch we observe the two tides that climb in the way of snakes and aloft the two heads of an only snake meet him. Aloft we have the crown of the initiate the enlightenment
Little by little kundalini climbs, it wakes up again the situated chakras along the acantha.
These sketches underline as the awakening of the Kundalini is already contained in the famous symbol of the caduceus one of Hermes, very diffused in our days.
Another symbol (ouroboros) is the snake eats the tail, underlines the same trial: the join of the opposite ones, of the masculine and of the female one...
The study of the Chakras is, therefore, the study of a thin, therefore real physiology even if less thick subject of that that supports the physical apparatus and however influential on the nervous and endocrine system. Every chakras, correspond particularly, to determined nervous ganglions and determine glands of the endocrine system. Then, every chakra can be in partnership to specific parts of the body and particular physiological functions.
While in the oriental culture it is strong the tendency to directly act on the chakrases through postures, mantra, prayers... in the western culture it would owe, instead, to prevail the referable Christian run to the initial teaching of the Gospel: the quality of the behaviors, of the feelings and of our thoughts, it naturally produces the development of the connected spiritual gifts to the chakras (The Saints represented with the aureoles). Then spiritual exercises in narrow sense (prayers, meditations...) is needed in the life of every day.
However, the awareness of the chakras is the fact that every human being possesses latent spiritual gifts.It can help us to mostly understand our divine nature and the importance of our choices and our behavior of life. There is in fact a link among thoughts, feelings, behaviors, mental and psychic comfort, health of the body.
The science by now has shown the relationships among subjective world (thoughts and feelings) and nervous system and, in general, the health of the physical body.
We have not therefore thoughts and feelings or a visible thin subject (with the actual scientific tools) so strongly to act on a thick and visible matter or the physical body.
The chakras, the centers energy, if they don't correctly work they negatively act on the incretory glands and on the health: we think about they can stop energy. The chakras, besides, bring energy in vibration, they are intimately sensitive to the vibrations of the colors and the music. From here, the diffusion of the music therapy and the chrome therapy.
"Modern physics confirms us these philosophical conceptions when they recognizes the undulated nature of the subatomic particles that they constitute, at the end, the subject. According to the mechanical totality, in fact, the subject is never inactive, but it is an aggregation of atoms in continuous movement. Also the inanimate objects, also seeming macroscopically immovable, in reality, to microscopic level they show one vibration movement of theirs. They wave, even if to such a low frequency to be seemed immovable. The chakras are known as energy's centers, wheels or gears of an energetic system, also says energetic body, that overlaps to our physical body vivifying it. I am energy in movement for excellence, propelled you of becoming, and continually they rotate in every of us, with a frequency of vibration that increases, gradually, from the inferior chakrases, to low vibration frequency, because more neighbors to the subject, to the superior chakrases, to tall vibration frequency, more neighbors to the mind and the spirit". (S.Tassoni)

Here are the names of the chakras. 7°: Sahasrara (chakra of the crown). Literally "Thousand Petals." This energetic point is found on the cranial summit. 6°: Ajnaì ( chakra of the mind).. 5°: Vishuddha (chakra of the throat). 4°: Anahata (chakra of the heart): 3°: Manipura (chakra of the solar plexus). 2°: Svadhisthana (chakra of the navel): 1°: Muladhara (within this chakra resides/sleeps the kundalini shakti, the great spiritual potential).

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The Sublimation - Sexuality with homeopathic doses .

"Subliming the sexual strength and getting a perfect mastery of itself, it isn’t necessary to complete all the experiences described in the texts on the Hindu or Tibetan tantrism. Another Tantra-yoga that overcomes it. exists and I am a fervent supporter of it. One of the techniques of this tantrism consists in learning to love without waiting for being beloved... " O.M. Aïvanhov
The initiatic philosophy transmitted by O.M.Aivanhov finds a point of different equilibrium from the traditional yoga tantra.
He writes, to such intention M. Mirabail in his volume "Dictionary of the esotericism" (.Mondadori):"O.M. Aivanhov talks about another way: a sort of loving homeopathy" susceptible to wake up again in the beings, also in the life of couple, the spiritual gifts that are present in each one of us.
As we have anticipated in the initial page, certainly it is not an easy job, whose result can be programmed to temporal level. It doesn't deal with applying mental techniques in theory, tout court, but to develop, day by day, with humility, simplicity and tolerance also towards themselves, a state of conscience, a whole of so many small daily behaviours more and more elevated, so a day it can be tasted, also on the earth, that fullness, that joy to our soul strongly and naturally long for.
It is not enough in this field to impart prohibitions, it is necessary to furnish explanations, methods and to put the sexuality in the ample sketch of improvement of the attainable man through the cycle of the reincarnations. The embellishment of the own existence cannot be imposed but it has to be the fruit of an internal need warned sincerely.
The spiritual job that we’ll get to begin will be never lost, will belong to our more intimate baggage and we will find again him/it in the following incarnations.
For us Western, it is not essential going in India to find the methodological answers for the job of sublimation about sexual energy. Also teaching Gospel contains the truths, the principles that it is necessary however to translate in concrete methods in rules of daily life.

About relationships among practical yoga and the parables of the Gospel see the volume "Man's Subtle Bodies and Centres. .

In the work of O.M.Aïvanhov, suggestions and methods transmit him to rediscover the divine nature of the sexual strength with the purpose to live love and sexuality in balanced way, for the spiritual elevation of the single one and the couple.
Talking about spiritual life it doesn't mean, precise Aïvanhov, stopping eat, to drink, to sleep, to breathe, to be children, but mean doing better everything. Every day would be necessary to practice the sublimation or the substitution, to make to flow inside of us every day a new water, for way of living states of conscience you divine, marvellous. All it takes is wanting to succeed him, it also need the deep knowledge of our human and divine nature the acquisition of methods.

"Many people come to me for complaining about particular discomforts and unbalances, and I have always said them "Why have you stopped loving? These troubles derive from the fact that you have compressed love inside of you; then you are repressed ending up devastating everything. The love is a powerful stream, but since you didn't know it since you were not illuminated, you have swept away all the barriers. If you want to save you from these torments, you have to love, love day and night, love all the creatures… at this point you’ll never let the time torment you because will be busy! Instead now, closer than you, you are stingy of love and the things are more complicated. You are generous, and you will be safe; you give your love to all the creatures". (O.M.Aïvanhov)

The volumes where you can read the thought of Aïvanhov about the matter we postpone dutifully, are numerous.

Recently, P. Riffard, in "The Dictionary of Esoterism") has put O.M.Aïvanhov among the greater twelve characters of western esotericism, of every time, beginning from Orfeo, Pitagora...

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Textes of O.M.Aïvanhov

"Love is impossible to define or explain, it is all things at once... a power, a principle, an emotion, a feeling, a powerful force, inspiration, understanding, everything comes under the heading of love. But for love to be effective you must understand what it is, you must think of it as an instrument, a magic power you can always make use of. For instance when nothing is going right, when you are sad or discouraged and disillusioned, when you think everything is lost and the world is against you then the only thing that will help you is love. Whatever happens to you the solution is to go on loving, loving all creation, all humanity. The greatest philosophy, the greates wisdom and light, are hidden in the words: never stop loving."

Relationships, love and sexuality are issues which humanity continues to struggle to fullyunderstand. Without a new spiritual understanding of love and sexuality we will continue to suffer, relationships will fail and the true happiness love can bring will continue to be an unreachable dream.

The teaching shows that men and women are reflections of the divine principles which like the union of spirit and matter create a very powerful union which raises their love to new heights and is a source of inspiration for all.

"The next time you take someone in your arms, try to project them all the way to heaven and linkthem to the higher. A man should address himself to the Divine Mother through his beloved and sheshould address herself to the Heavenly Father through him, instead of limiting their exchanges tothe lower regions, both of them will be linking themselves to the Source. In this way both of youtake the riches God has given you, life, and the emanations and warmth of mutual love, and insteadof using them for your own pleasure, you drink together the purest form of love from the highest source.”

Sexual energy is a great gift, the source of our life force and supports the continuationof humanity.
It can be likened to combustible fuel which if used wisely and directed towards a spiritual ideal propels us to a higherform of love which brings lasting joy, inspiration and fulfilling relationships.

“The sexual force is a gift from God, it is we who must learn how to use it. Countries which have great deposits of coal or oil under their soil have become immensely rich because they make use of their resources. Those who do not know how to use them, burn them. In the same way, the sexual force is an energy which we must learn to use so that we can turn on the lights, light the fires and set all the engines within us in motion.”

Whether one chooses to be single or in a relationship, sublimation of the sexual force is a work which reaps immeasurable rewards. Repression or promiscuity both have undesirable consequences but there is a third solution. With a commitment to a high spiritual ideal and by linking ourselves to our soul and spirit we can transform our sexual energy to develop our fullest potential as human beings and to bring heaven down to earth.

“To master the sexual force you must have a high ideal, a tremendous love for perfection, purity and beauty. This is not easy and needs an entire science if you are to succeed. Without a high ideal, without an aspiration to live the divine life, it is not worth struggling against the sexual force because you will not succeed in sublimating it. You will only repress and this is not a solution to the problem of sexuality. Only a tremendous love for a high ideal will allow you to sublimate your energies.”

Satisfaction of the sexual instinct is one of the greatest sources of pleasure a human being experiences – but it comes at a price and is transitory. By changing our attitude towards intimate relations, and considering them a spiritual work, then pleasures of a more lasting and divine nature can be experienced.

“The secret of control, the secret of sublimation, is to seek work not pleasure. You say “But suppose I hold my love in my arms… what’s the point if I’m not looking for pleasure?.
There can be joy, there can be inspiration, there can be wonder and ecstasy, if you have a heightened consciousness …. is that not more than pleasure? When a man and woman are together sharing a divine emotion, without being carried away, then their communion, this tenderness between them, is something so expressive, so beautiful. It is a form of pleasure of course, but superior pleasure, something divine which makes them immortal.”

“The Kingdom of God will only come on earth when human love is made more spiritual. May those who are enlightened and who have a high ideal in love, know they can work for the Kingdom of God with their sexual energy. May they love each other, embrace each other, but always with the idea that this love is dedicated to the realization of something divine. If they do this, they will produce such beautiful emanations that the angels themselves will be amazed and in their delighted wonder, will bring all sorts of gifts to lovers.

The quotes above are taken from:

Complete Works
Vol. 13 Love and Sexuality Vol.1
Vol. 13 Love and Sexuality Vol.2
Izvor P213AN Sexual force or the Winged Dragon

To further study the works of Aïvanhov

Sexuality tends to be self-centered. It drives man to seek only his own pleasure, even to the detriment of others. Love, on the other hand, thinks of the other's happiness above all else. It is based on self-denial and sacrifice: the sacrifice of one's time, energy and money, even the sacrifice of one's gratification, for the sake of helping the other, of allowing the other to blossom and develop their full potential. Nothing is more beautiful than love, when you are ready to do without, to give up that you have or what you enjoy. Spirituality begins precisely at the point where love prevails over sexuality, when a human being is willing to wrest something from himself for the sake of another. As long as you are incapable of sacrifice, you will be unable to love.

. The Masculine and Feminine Principles The Love of God, the Love of Others, Self Love
2. Taking the Bull by the Horns - The Caduceus of Mercury
3. The Serpent -Isis Unveiled
4. The Power of the Dragon
5. Spirit and Matter - The Sexual Organs
6. Manifestations of the Masculine and Feminine Principles
7. Jealousy
8. The Twelve Doors of Man
9. From Yesod to Kether : The Path of Sexual Sublimation
10. The Spiritual Screen
11. Nourishment and Love
12. Woman's Role in the New Culture
13. The Initiatic Meaning of Nudity
14. Exchanges and Relationships
15. Wealth and Poverty
16. To Love is the Work of the Disciple
17. Love in the Universe
18. A Wider Concept of Marriage I
19. The Twin-Soul
20. Everything Depends on Your Point of View
21. A Wider Concept of Marriage II and III
22. Analysis and Synthesis
23. Like the Sun, Love Brings Order to Life
24. Mother Love
25. The Meaning of Renunciation
26. The Bonds of Love
27. Youth and the Problem of Love - The New Currents Marriage - Why Self-Control - The Need for a Guide Give Your Love to God First

1. A Question of Attitude
2. True Marriage
3. The Sun is the Source of Love
4. The Goal of Love is Light
5. The Manifestations of the Masculine and Feminine Principles
6. Master or Mistress ?
7. Vestal Virgins ; the New Eve
8. Materialism, Idealism and Sexuality - ‘On Earth as in Heaven’
9. Heart and Mind ; the Universal White Brotherhood
10. Seek the Soul and the Spirit
11. Restoring Love to its Pristine Purity
12. Love Transforms Matter
13. Love and Identification
14. The Task of a Disciple
15. Open Yourself to Others and They Will Love You
16. Tantra-Yoga
17. Emptiness and Fullness : the Holy Grail
18. Love is Everywhere
19. Look for Love at its Source
20. Know How to Use Your Powers of Love
21. A Broader Concept of Marriage, Part IV
22. It Rises from Earth and Descends from Heaven
23. The Secret of Happiness is in an Expanded Consciousness
24. ‘Whatever you Bind on Earth’
25. Love God so as to Love Your Neighbour Better
26. Live Lovingly
27. Our Only Weapons: Love and Light
28. Never Stop Loving
29. Towards a Broader Concept of the Family

Sexual Force or the Winged Dragon

The dragon is not pure fiction: it is the symbol of our instinctive, primitive forces and is common to all mythologies as well as to early Christian iconography. The great challenge of the spiritual life is to conquer, tame and use those forces to reach the highest summits of the spirit. The fact that this fire-breathing monster with the tail of a serpent also has wings shows that the forces it embodies have a spiritual destination.

Sexual energy is like petrol: if you are ignorant and use it carelessly you will burn yourself; your very quintessence will be destroyed by this all-consuming force. But Initiates, who know how to handle it, use it to move freely about the universe. This is the true meaning of the winged dragon

Table of Contents

1. The Winged Dragon
2. Love and Sexuality
3. The Sexual Force is Essential for Life on Earth
4. Pleasure: I - Do not Seek Pleasure for it Will Impoverish You
4. Pleasure: II - Replace Pleasure with Work
5. The Dangers of Tantric Yoga
6. Love without Waiting to be Loved
7. Love is Everywhere in the Universe
8. Spiritual Love is a Higher Way of Feeding Ourselves
9. A High Ideal Transforms Sexual Energy
10. Open Your Love to a Higher Path

Man's Subtle Bodies and Centres

For thousands of years men have worked to multiply and amplify the sensations and perceptions entering their consciousness through their five senses, and it is this play on the keyboard of the senses that thay call civilization and culture. Well, is this not rather meagre? However much we cultivate and refine our five senses they will always be sverely limited in scope for they belong to the physical plane: they will never be capable any reality above and beyond the physical. Until human beings recognize that there ate other areas that invite exploration, other dimensions to see, touch and breathe, they will never experience new, richer, more far-reaching or subtler sensations. Each of our organs is specialized: it has its own particular function to perform and it can convey only its own particular type of sensation. In order to experience other, new sensations, we must call into play those other, subtler organs and centers which we all possess.

Table of Contents

1. Human Evolution and the Development of the Spiritual Organs
2. The Aura
3. The Solar Plexus
4. The Hara Centre
5. Kundalini Force
6. The Chakras: The Chakra System
I. The Chakra System
II. Ajna and Sahasrara

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Mary Cortina - Fat Lady
TitleMary Cortina - Fat Lady
PhotographerEisenmann, Charles
Creator StampRecto and Verso
Date Original[unknown]
Description RectoFull view, seated fat lady in plaid dress.
Description Verso[Mary Cortina ]
Image Number96
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text:
Alsey vs. William Randolph
View original image: Page  045
[missing figure]

I ReynoldsReynolds an acting justice of the peace in and
for the county of JohnsonJohnson and State of IllinoisIllinois do
certify that John Johnstan the deponent whare pleace
of residence is in the county of JohnsonJohnson State of IllinoisIllinois was
by me swom to testify the truth of his knowledge
touching the matter in controversey in the
aforesaid that deponent was examined and his examination
reduced to writing and subscribed by said deponant in my
presence on the first day of March in the year Eighteen Hundred and forty two between the hours of
eight in the forenoon and six of the afternoon at the
office of SamuelSamuel capeland Esqr in the town of
Vienna in the county of Johnsan and State of IllinoisIllinois
given and certified the 1st day of March 1842.