text:
Illegal Aliens: Taking America on a Deadly and Expensive Ride

By Peter B. Gemma
Volume 23, Number 1 (Fall 2012)
Issue theme: "Victims of Immigration"

On June 10, 2012, Aileen Smith and her husband Zach were on the way from Colorado Springs to San Diego for their baby shower — even though it was three months before her due date of September 5, they had already named their unborn son Demetri.

But when Ramon Hernandez sped onto Interstate 25 and crashed into their car, he shattered the Smith family forever. Aileen was taken to Christus St. Vincent Regional Medical Center in Santa Fe, where doctors performed a C-section in an attempt to save the baby. The injuries to the unborn child were too severe, however; he died from massive head injuries just minutes after being delivered. The Smiths never saw him alive. Aileen recalled, “There was nothing they could do. I woke up from surgery and was reaching out asking for my son, and the nurse leaned over and told me that he had passed.” Aileen held him briefly, as did her husband Zach, saying a prayer for Demetri before handing his little body over to the Office of the Medical Investigator. “We buried Demetri two days before my 26th birthday,” she said. “It’s just an incredibly lonely feeling,” Aileen explained, “You know, you can feel so supported by all your friends and family, and yet just feel so alone inside because that thing you were hoping for is gone.”

A state police dashcam video recorded the tragic scene of the accident. It was a car crash that officials said could have been prevented. Court records show Ramon Hernandez had four prior DWI convictions. Hernandez admitted he had had “a few beers” when he plowed into pregnant Aileen Smith’s car. Investigators said Hernandez had not had a driver’s license for more than a decade.

Ramon Hernandez is also an illegal alien.1

At there is a straightforward inquiry: “What percent of car accidents are caused by illegal immigrants?” Their simple answer is, “Current interpretation of anti-discrimination laws hinder compilation of such statistics.” 2 To find the politically incorrect but truthful answer to the question, one needs to dig deeper, but not much deeper, to see the ramifications of illegal aliens driving in the U.S.

In 2011, the Department of Homeland Securityreported the deportation of 35,927 illegal immigrants convicted of driving under the influence.3 Congressman Steve King (R-IA) asserts that illegal alien drunk drivers kill over 4,700 Americans a year — 13 U.S. citizens die every 24 hours.4 Another study, published by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, cited motor vehicle crashes as the single leading cause of death for Hispanics between the ages of one and 44.5 And according to an analysis by the New York Times, about 4.5 million illegal aliens in the U.S. drive on a regular basis, many without licenses or insurance, or even the ability to read road signs written in English.6

However, many poignant stories give these chilling statistics a human face.

On July 19, 2012, in Phoenix, 19-year-old Eduardo Soto-Ramirez ran a red light and smashed into a car. The force of the collision caused the other vehicle to spin around and eject the driver, Viridiana Espinoza, onto the street. She was taken to St. Joseph’s Hospital and pronounced dead on arrival. According to police, a 15-year-old girl who was in the passenger seat of Soto-Ramirez’s car was seriously injured, having suffered a fractured pelvis, collapsed right lung, fractured vertebrae, and lacerations to the liver. Soto-Ramirez was treated for fractured vertebrae as well as minor facial lacerations. Police officials reported smelling alcohol on the man’s breath as they arrived on the scene. Blood tests were ordered at the hospital and the results showed that he had a blood alcohol level of 0.21 percent, which is nearly three times the legal limit in Arizona. Investigators also discovered that Soto-Ramirez’s driving privileges had been suspended.

Eduardo Soto-Ramirez is an illegal alien as well.7

On May 29, 2011, 27-year-old Johoan Rodriguez rammed into Houston Police Department Officer Kevin Will as he was investigating a separate collision. Rodriguez had a blood-alcohol level nearly three times the legal limit when he crashed through a police roadblock at an estimated 90 miles an hour. A police dashcam video showed Rodriguez’ Volkswagen hitting officer Will, severing both legs, and killing him instantly. Rodriguez was found to have .33 grams of cocaine in his pocket, and prosecutors stated that he was also a member of MS-13, a murderous Salvadoran drug gang.

Kevin Will was a 38-year-old father of two whose wife was pregnant. Johoan Rodriguez is an illegal alien — he had been deported twice before this incident.8

It may be relevant to point out here that National Public Radio has reported:

Nationwide, Latinos rank second only to Native Americans in their alcohol death rate on the highway. The extent of the problem varies from state to state, but community leaders say it seems worse in places where Latinos have newly immigrated.9

A study by the Highway Safety Research Center at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, based on information from law enforcement agencies, revealed Hispanic drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes are more likely to be intoxicated than members of other ethnic and racial groups. The report states that 7.04 percent of Hispanic drivers involved in crashes in North Carolina were intoxicated, compared with 4.87 percent of Native Americans, 2.82 percent of whites, and 2.28 percent of blacks. Hispanics, who account for 18 percent of drunken-driving arrests, make up less than seven percent of the Tarheel State’s population. Drunken driving is the number one killer of young Hispanic men in North Carolina. 10

The Austin Statesman has noted that, “of 3,007 drunken driving arrests in 2002, 43 percent involved Hispanic men, even though they make up only about 11 percent of Austin’s driving population. Including women, Hispanics made up 47 percent of the DWI arrests but only 21 percent of Austin drivers.”11

Obviously there are far more everyday accidents that are not alcohol related — some inflicting injuries, others causing property damage. And not all victims of illegals who drive are Americans — illegal aliens can be their own worst enemy. On April 11, 2012, Palmview, Texas police reported nine suspected illegal immigrantsfrom Mexico died in an accident that involved a van stuffed with 19 people. The vehicle rolled over on U.S. Highway 83, the roadway that runs parallel to the Rio Grande River that forms the U.S.-Mexican Border. Of the survivors, six were injured and four fled the scene. Two of the four runaways were later caught. All of the dead had crossed the border into the United States illegally.12 On July 23, 2012, a pickup truck veered off a rural highway about 90 miles southeast of San Antonio, killing 15 illegal immigrants. The truck was packed with 23 people at the time of the crash. The surviving victims said they were from Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala.13

Other reports of criminal behavior linking illegal aliens and automobiles include this by J.C. Grant, a Contributor Network writer: “There is a statistically significant correlation between state per capita illegal immigration rates and car thefts. This correlation is particularly strong: the odds are less than two in one million that the correlation is a chance occurrence.”14 In Arizona (its illegal alien population is sixth in the nation15), Phoenix has an annual car theft rate of 57,000 vehicles and is known as the “Car Theft Capital of the World.”16 More than 71 percent of all recovered stolen cars in 2005 in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California were stolen by illegal aliens or by “transport coyotes,” those who bring in illegals across the Mexican border.17

Illegal aliens, driving illegally — some in stolen cars — are involved in even more auto-related crimes. The Tampa Bay Times reported this story:

After a truck struck her car in October, Floribel Figueroa Quiles submitted almost $50,000 in medical invoices to her insurance company for injuries she and her three children suffered. The invoices purportedly came from TLC Medical Rehab, where the driver of the truck in the Pinellas Park accident, Lazaro Hernandez Cabrales, had been working. Authorities now say the personal injury protection insurance claim was a scam, another in a long line of staged crashes. Over the past week, authorities arrested Cabrales at his Tampa home and Quiles in Osceola County and charged them with insurance fraud by staging an accident. The arrests are the latest among about 201 for personal injury protection fraud so far this year by the insurance division of the state Department of Financial Services. That’s up 55 percent from 130 arrests during the same period last year.18

Among Florida cities, the bureau’s figures show Tampa alone reached 1,578 questionable claims by the end of 2010. According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, Florida (whose illegal alien population ranks fifth in the nation) is second in questionable insurance claims. California (which has the largest illegal immigrant population in the U.S.) is first.

The statistics keep adding up to paint a complete and consistent picture. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and Department of Homeland Security report:

• 47 percent of cited and/or stopped drivers in California have no license, no insurance, and no registration for the vehicle. Of that number, 92 percent are illegal aliens.

• 63 percent of cited and/or stopped drivers in Arizona have no license, no insurance, and no registration for the vehicle. Of that number, 97 percent are illegal aliens.

• 66 percent of cited and/or stopped drivers in New Mexico have no license, no insurance, and no registration for the vehicle. Of that number, 98 percent are illegal aliens.19

In 2007, the Hillsboro County Florida Sheriff’s Office investigated businesses that were supplying illegal aliens with vehicle titles and registrations, especially “buy-here pay-here” car lots. Authorities were looking for potential fraud and illegal activity among those with alien status to claim legal residency and valid driver’s license and use of a legitimate affidavit to prove insurance. Two businesses were targeted specifically: 98 percent of the customers for one car lot who had processed vehicle title and registration paperwork were identified as illegally in the United States, and 90 percent of the customers at the second dealership were illegal aliens. Further investigation revealed use of fraudulent out-of- state driver licenses, as well as fraudulent Mexican and Guatemalan driver’s licenses. Another form of identification used was Mexican passports, or “Matricula Consular” cards, issued through the Mexican Consulate in Orlando.20

Obtaining fraudulent driver’s licenses using fake paperwork is a growth industry in America. In January 2012, for example, a federal grand jury in Kansas City indicted 14 defendants, including six members of one family, on a 40-count indictment for participation in a conspiracy that allowed more than 3,500 illegal immigrants to obtain Missouri driver’s licenses and other state identification documents. “Prosecutors allege that defendants made more than $5.2 million in fees charged to illegal immigrants since November 2009,” according to a news story in the Kansas City Star. The Star reports, “Each customer paid $1,500 to $1,600 and received a birth certificate and Social Security number in the names of other people. Those documents typically came from conspirators in Texas who bought them from people willing to sell their documents, according to the allegations.”21

Illegal aliens have been driving under the radar so to speak for so long that they have developed a network of support.22 For example, Dan LaFontaine, a chiropractor at the Utah-based, which offers auto repair, legal, and medical advice, issued a news release dated March 28, 2012, asserting, “When it comes to a traffic accident, the immigration status of an individual is completely separate.” recommends that illegal aliens first contact an attorney: “because of attorney-client privilege, the lawyer should not report their client’s citizenship status to immigration officials.” 23

At the website LawQA,24 this question is posed: “If an illegal immigrant has been in an accident and was at fault can he or she be deported if they have to report to a judge? How will insurance treat a situation like this?” Here are some answers that reflect the entire thread:

• Virginia attorney Michael E. Hendrickson: “No, traffic accidents are not normally considered to be ‘crimes involving moral turpitude’ which immigration authorities may consider as a basis for placing a person in removal proceedings.”

• Utah lawyer Bryce Froerer: “Because the person is here illegally and has caused an accident, ICE [the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency] can probably get involved and initiate proceedings to deport them. This probably would not happen as ICE has more critical things to keep them busy.”

• Attorney Paul Vames of Oregon: “Typically, no. That does not mean I.C.E. could not be tipped off somehow regarding the potential issue of residency…”

The support network for illegal aliens who drive has delivered other tangible results. An April 27, 2012 New York Times headline sums up one of the most recent developments succinctly: “Fewer Illegal Immigrants Stopped for Traffic Violations Will Face Deportation.” The story is straightforward:

The policy change on how federal agents will handle illegal immigrants arrested by state and local police for offenses like driving without a license came in the [Homeland Security] department’s response to a report by a task force on the federal program … [The report] argued that such deportations were inconsistent with the department’s stated priorities of removing foreigners with serious criminal records. The increase in deportations of minor offenders … the task force concluded was undermining vital ties of trust between local police and immigrant neighborhoods.”25

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has a program called Secure Communities that runs the fingerprints of anyone booked into any county or local jail in the country through a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and FBI database to determine if they are in the country illegally or not. If it is discovered that the suspect is an illegal alien, ICE will put a hold on him or her and generally pursue a deportation order. In response to the new Homeland Security guidelines that do not require deportation, Illinois, New York, and Massachusetts quickly withdrew from the program overseeing their policies on curtailing illegal aliens from driving.

In Los Angeles, the illegal aliens network has delivered even more. The Police Department has been instructed to ignore California state law, which requires authorities to impound the vehicles of unlicensed drivers for 30 days. The majority of unlicensed motorists in Los Angeles are immigrants who are in the country illegally. A 2011 AAA study titled Unlicensed to Kill finds unlicensed drivers are five times more likely to be involved in fatal crashes and more likely to flee the scene of a crime. No matter, as FoxNews reports, “As long as drivers can produce some form of I.D., proof of insurance and vehicle registration, they’ll be allowed to keep their car,” Police Chief Charlie Beck insists. He asserts that, “it’s simply leveling the playing field.” FoxNews quotes Bates as saying, “It’s about fairness. It’s about equal application of the law.” The Police Chief admits the majority of unlicensed motorists in Los Angeles are immigrants who are in the country illegally, but says the state’s impound law is unfair because it limits the ability of illegal aliens to get to their jobs and imposes a steep fine to get their car back.

The FoxNews story goes on to say:

The decision has angered Don Rosenberg, a resident of Los Angeles County, who lost his 25-year-old son, Drew, in a 2010 accident caused by an unlicensed driver in San Francisco, a city with lax impound policies. The driver, who tried fleeing the scene, had previously been pulled over but was allowed to retrieve his car after a short time, months before the accident. “It doesn’t matter to me who killed my son—what their nationality was. It was the fact that if the law were followed, he’d be alive today,” Rosenberg told Fox News. “It’s more important that people who are in the country illegally get to drive than it is that people who are here get to live,” he said.26

Auto insurance is legitimately available to illegal aliens. Bob Hartwig, president of the Insurance Information Institute, observes, “It’s a dicey issue on the national stage, and it’s not one that the insurance industry is going to be able to resolve or play a fundamental role in.” Hartwig says, “Unless the law of the state forbids an insurer from selling the coverage to someone who is undocumented, then it’s likely there will be insurers and agents who are willing to service that market.”27

In California, there is no state law that would prevent an insurer from selling an auto policy to a non-U.S. resident (with a legal or fake driver’s license) or even an unlicensed driver, according to the state of California Department of Insurance. Carriers there can also write coverage for someone with a valid driver’s license from another country.

But illegal aliens don’t have to secure a driver’s license from another country — they’re available in the United States. As an August 13, 2010 Associated Press story explains:

Carlos Hernandez packed up his family and left Arizona after the state passed its sweeping immigration crackdown. The illegal immigrant’s new home outside Seattle offered something Arizona could not: a driver’s license. Three states — Washington, New Mexico, and Utah28 — allow illegal immigrants to get licenses because their laws do not require proof of citizenship or legal residency.29

The AP report notes that New Mexico “does not require clerks to document where immigrants moved from. And clerks cannot ask if someone is in the country illegally.” Also, “there’s no way to distinguish between a license issued to a Swiss chemist employed with a visa at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a license assigned to a Mexican laborer in the U.S. illegally.” The AP analysis of data in the three states revealed some striking numbers: the rate of licenses issued to immigrants during the 10 weeks that followed approval of the strict new Arizona illegal alien restrictions on April 23, 2010, reflected a 60 percent increase over the annual average for the previous year. “Washington state and New Mexico have been magnet states for the fraudulent document brokers, human traffickers, and alien smugglers for years,” observes Brian Zimmer, president of the Coalition for a Secure Driver’s License, a nonprofit research group in Washington, D.C.30

The Associated Press reveals that,

New Mexico changed its law in 2003 to grant driver’s licenses to anyone without a Social Security number, which are unavailable to people living illegally in the country. More than 90,000 licenses have been issued to immigrants, and state officials speculate that most of those have gone to illegal immigrants. However, it’s impossible to know for certain because license applicants aren’t asked about their immigration status.31

The reports of illegalities in New Mexico abound. According to another AP story, “Thirty-one people listed a mobile home address in Albuquerque to obtain licenses over 29 months and sometimes the licenses came in quick succession. One a week was issued on average at that address during a two-month stretch at the end of 2008.” The exposé also revealed, “In one instance, 48 foreign nationals claimed to live at a smoke shop in Albuquerque to get a license. In another case, more than a dozen claimed to live at an automotive repair shop over a one-year period.”32

Since the federal government has little jurisdiction in licensing drivers or even auto insurance issues, individual states have stepped into the breach. The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles no longer accepts federal employment documents as evidence that a person is in the country legally. Sadly, this initiative was in response to another tragic incident. Carlos Martinelly Montano, a 23-year-old Bolivian national, used a federal employment authorization document to get a driver’s license even though he had drunken driving convictions in 2007 and 2008 and was facing deportation proceedings. On August 1, 2008, he slammed his car head-on into a vehicle carrying three Benedictine nuns on their way to a retreat. Sister Denise Mosier was killed in the crash. Sisters Connie Ruth Lupton and Charlotte Lange were critically injured.33

In April 2012, the governor of Alabama signed into law regulations that make it a felony for an illegal immigrant to get a driver’s license. Florida, South Carolina, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and other states have enacted legislation or are in the process of making the process of driver’s license applications and renewals much more controllable and accountable. In the first half of 2012, of all immigration legislation enacted in the 50 states, 20 percent, the largest segment, related to identification and driver’s licenses.

Even after the heart-rending news stories are read, the statistics are tallied, and the legislation debated, there are still those who do not feel the need for a restrictive and regulated system to obtain driving privileges.

Sara Escudero, a 64-year-old Massachusetts woman on her way to work as a nurse, died in a June 24, 2012 car crash. Escudero, born in Chile, was a naturalized U.S. citizen. Auricelli Braga, 32, was charged with motor-vehicle homicide, negligent operation of a motor vehicle, and driving without a license following the incident. Braga, from Brazil, has been living in this country illegally since 2002. Despite not having a license, Braga was still able to register her car in November of 2011 since state law only required an applicant to have a valid insurance policy. There was no legal requirement to have a license or proof of legal residency to register her automobile.

That loophole in the law was changed, but not without a knock-down, drag-out fight.

Massachusetts State Senator Robert Hedlund’s effort to stop illegal immigrants from registering or operating a car in the Bay State began in 2005 after hearing complaints from law enforcement officials. Although it wasn’t passed at that time, several motor vehicle accidents involving illegal aliens increasingly made the issue his focus. He noted that many “tragedies occurred because a loophole exists that enables people without driver’s licenses and without any sort of training to register and get behind the wheel of a car.” Hedlund cited these cases as examples:

• In October 2009, Richard Grossi was killed when Maria Leite, an unlicensed illegal immigrant, drove through a stop sign and a blinking red light, crashing into Grossi’s car and killing him.

• In February 2011, Manuel Zaruma, also an illegal alien, lost control of his vehicle and spun into the opposite lane. The accident killed Andrea Agosto, who was a passenger in a passing car.

• In August of that same year, an illegal alien driving a truck hit 23-year-old Matthew Denice. Police said the driver, Nicolas Guaman, was drunk and didn’t have a license.34

Then came the tragic death of the 64-year-old grandmother Sara Escudero. Just two weeks after that incident, a bi-partisan majority of lawmakers passed Hedlund’s legislation, which required any person who registers a car in Massachusetts to hold a license, social security number, or other proof of legal residence. In addition, the bill toughened penalties for those caught driving without a valid license.

However, Governor Deval Patrick vetoed the bill, saying, “It is clear from the legislative and public debate that [the legislation is] motivated by efforts to regulate the activities of undocumented people in Massachusetts.” Patrick, who has been described as the “next Barak Obama,” said the measure targeted undocumented immigrants and inappropriately required a state agency, the Registry of Motor Vehicles, to enforce federal immigration law. Patrick warned the members of the Massachusetts House and Senate that, “I will not accept efforts to compel state authorities to enforce federal immigration rules. The recent ruling of the United States Supreme Court, striking down most of Arizona’s anti-immigrant law, underscores the importance of states treading lightly in this federal space. In addition, a long line of authority makes legislation that is racially or ethnically conscious constitutionally suspect.”35

The reaction was sure and swift. The Massachusetts legislature voted to override the Governor’s veto by lopsided margins: 134-19 in the House and 24-10 in the Senate. “This is a victory for motorists in Massachusetts, for police officers in Massachusetts, for immigrants who are here legally, and for the families who lost loved ones because of illegal immigrants being allowed to register cars and then driving,” Senator Hedlund said in a news release.36

While such reforms guard against illegal aliens taking to U.S. roads, each is a battle in and of itself and results in slow but measured progress. In the meantime, thousands of Americans are killed, maimed, or suffer extraordinary property damage. This urgent situation gives defensive driving a new and important definition.

1. “Baby killed in suspected DWI accident,” by Anna Velasquez;

3. “Statistics on illegal aliens causing harm in the USA” August 2, 2010, Conservative News;

4. “Death toll in 2006 far overshadows total U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq, Afghanistan,” by Joseph Farah, November 28, 2006;

5. “DUI, drunk driving and Hispanics, a few statistics”;

6. “Some unlicensed drivers risk more than a fine,” by Julia Preston and Robert Gebeloff, December 9, 2010;

7. “Illegal immigrant arrested in fatal drunk driving crash,” by Julie Rose, FOX 10 News, August 1, 2012;

8. “Jury chosen for illegal immigrant in DWI crash that killed HPD officer,” by Brian Rogers, Houston Chronicle, June 5, 2012;

9. “Drinking and driving plagues Latino immigrants,” by Adam Hochberg, July 21, 2006;

10. “Hispanics in crashes lead DWI stats,” by Ken Little, Star News On-Line, June 26, 2006;

11. “Latinos account for nearly half of 2002 Austin arrests,” by Claire Osborn and Andy Alford, July 20, 2003;

12. “Nine suspected illegal immigrants killed in Texas crash,” By Jared Taylor and Jim Forsyth, Reuters News Service, April 11, 2012;

13. “15th person dies after South Texas truck crash,” by Christopher Sherman, Associated Press, July 24, 2012;

14. “Illegal immigration rates strongly correlated with car thefts,” June 4, 2010;

16. “50 statistics about the U.S. economy that are almost too crazy to believe,”

18. “State authorities target staged crashes in insurance fraud crackdown,” by Ivan Penn, Tampa Bay Times, July 13 2011;

20. “Driving Illegal: Buy-Here Pay-Here Car Lots and Illegal Alien Drivers,” by Mary Lattig, Lakeland Sheriff’s Field Office;

21. “Thousands of illegal immigrants obtained Missouri driver’s licenses” by Tony Rizzo, January 11, 2012;

22. The Open-Borders Network: How a Web of Ethnic Activists, Journalists, Corporations, Politicians, Lawyers, and Clergy Undermine U.S. Border Security and National Sovereignty, by Kevin Lamb; Representative Government Press, Raleigh, NC, 2009; pb, 149 pgs, $12.95

26. “Police to ignore California impound law amid concern of fairness to illegal immigrants,” March 22, 2012;

27. “Insuring illegal immigrants develops into auto niche,” InsuranceNewsNet, August 23, 2010;

28. Utah grants immigrants a driving permit that can’t be used for identification, unlike a driver’s license that helps people open bank accounts or board a commercial flight.

29. “Illegal immigrants drawn to 3 states for driver’s licenses,” by Manuel Valdes and Tim Korte;

30. “Illegal immigrants flocking to 3 states to obtain identification,” by Tim Korte and Manuel Valdes, August 14, 2010;

31. Ibid.

32. “New Mexico driver’s license data point to fraud,” by Barry Massey, January 25, 2012;

33. “Virginia cracks down on driver’s licenses for illegal immigrants,” September 8, 2010;

34. “Veto override gives Hedlund a victory in car-registration law,” by Jessica Bartlett, August 1, 2012; Boston.Com;

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

About the author

Peter B. Gemma has been published widely, including USA Today,, and Military History magazine. He is a contributing editor to the Social Contract.


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Written by Brandy Pasquino
Print this
Topics: Texting, Efficiency

Monday, 14 July 2014

image for Are text abbreviations a time-honored panacea?
Text too long? Think smaller.

Text abbreviations are a part of our lives. Why do we use texting shortcuts? Nearly everyone will agree that they save time. For instance, to proverbially pat the back of someone who has said something exceptionally funny, you can simply type "LMAO". To give recognition to a friend who has been promoted to a managerial position at McDonald's, you can save yourself a lot of time by writing "props".

The demand for efficiency among mobile and regular internet users has increased in recent years. For example, instead of taking the time to type "ok", which on a regular keyboard involves one ring-finger keystroke followed by one with the middle finger, a common shortcut is to type "kk". This shortcut saves time because it involves two keystrokes, but requires the use of only one finger instead of two. Examples of other time-saving shortcuts include "coo" instead of "cool" and "wut" instead of "what", saving one full keystroke each.

A new fad, however, has left experts scratching their heads. It is now popular among teenagers to communicate with single-character texts. In an interview with middle-school student Ian Jacobs, he explained how conversations with his girlfriend are restricted to 100 characters or less. "Teachers are always watching us, to make sure that we're not texting, so we found it best to keep texts as short as possible," Ian explained. At first blush, the idea of a single-character text such as "a" may sound absurd, but Ian described that he and his girlfriend have a special code that they use to communicate. For example, "g" means "good morning, how are you?" while "i" means "i'm fine, thanks for asking!"

But there are only 26 letters in the alphabet, so how does Ian manage to keep a conversation afloat for an entire day? "Context is important for understanding our single-character texts," Ian explains. Apparently, since Ian knows his girlfriend's schedule, he will ask "1" when she is in a class that they don't share, which means "is your class going well?" If it's going very well, she replies with "!" and if it's going poorly she replies with "0".

A well-codified text language can simplify communications, and save time. However, things can go awry if a character does not logically follow from a previously sent character. Ian explains that "having different styles of communication with different people can be confusing at times." He further explains that he once mistakenly sent a full word "props" to his girlfriend, thinking that he was texting his friend Fred, who had indicated in another text that he had just kissed the prettiest girl in school. "I was really nervous when my girlfriend sent me a message with '??', which means that she is confused and upset, using two keystrokes instead of the typical one", said Ian. Apparently, in their codified language "props" means "I would love to eat from your sister's sexy hands".

New words are adopted by dictionaries all the time, but online dictionaries help keep our vocabulary abreast of changes in the English language. However, what about a single character that is introduced for the first time in a pair's conversation? For example, if two individuals have used 10 out of 26 characters for their conversations, what if an 11th character is thrown into the mix? "Dropping a new character can add to the complexity of the conversation because it requires an educated guess based on the history of texts and other important contextual information.", explained Ian. Ian indicated that he figured out that "h" meant "hello, are you there?", after realizing that it had been 4 hours since he last texted his girlfriend and, up to that point, they had used only 25 out of 26 characters in the alphabet.

There is evidence that text abbreviations improve the grammar and spelling abilities of children. The million dollar question is: will hours of guessing at the meaning behind a single-character text increase cognition? The only answer I can give right now is simply, idk.

At press time, we received reports that Ian has permanently solved the problem of the "wrong number text" by purchasing a dual-sim phone, which helps him to restrict single-character texts to his girlfriend.

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FOXBOROUGH, Mass. (AP) -The New England Patriots released cornerback Tim Mixon and linebacker T.J. Slaughter on Wednesday.
The 30-year-old Slaughter was signed by the Patriots as a free agent on Feb. 12. He spent the 2007 season out of football.
Before then, the 6-foot-1, 233-pound linebacker played in 78 games for the Jacksonville Jaguars, who selected him in the third round of the 2000 NFL draft.
The Patriots signed the 23-year-old Mixon to the practice squad on Oct. 9, 2007. The 5-9, 184-pound cornerback was signed to the active roster on Feb. 5.

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Thumbnail Eagles vs. Colts Preseason Pick Will the Colts hand the Eagles their first loss this preseason when the two teams meet at 7:00PM ET tonight?
Thumbnail Chiefs vs. Bears Preseason Pick Will the Chiefs win their first preseason game of 2016 when they visit the Bears today at 1:00PM ET?
Thumbnail Lions vs. Ravens Pick Can the Baltimore Ravens stay unbeaten in the NFL Preseason when they host the Detroit Lions tonight at 7PM ET?
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Central Division NHL Odds to Win

nhl central division odds blackhawks blues

(The Spread) - The odds to win the Central Division in the NHL next season are out, and the defending Stanley Cup champion Blackhawks are favored.

View 2014 Stanley Cup Odds

According to oddsmakers from online sports book Bovada.lv, the Blackhawks are 5/8 favorites to win the Central Division in the 2013-14 NHL season, while the Blues have the next-best odds at 13/4. The Wild, meanwhile, are 6/1 and the Stars are 12/1.

Continuing with those odds, the Predators are 18/1 to win the Central Division next season, while the Avalanche are 20/1 and the Jets have the worst odds at 22/1.

The Blackhawks did a nice job this offseason keeping their winning core intact through the 2014-15 season. They have roughly $36.6 million committed to seven players through 2015-16, although they still need to re-sign Jonathan Toews and Patrick Kane before they become unrestricted free agents in the summer of 2015. Still, this is a dynasty that the Hawks are building in Chicago.

The Blues, meanwhile, added center Derek Roy in the offseason in efforts to add to their offense. And really, that's the only thing missing in St. Louis right now. Under head coach Ken Hitchcock, their defense and goaltending has been outstanding the past season and a half. But goal scoring has been an issue for them the past two postseasons so until they can overcome their lack of scoring, they'll likely fizzle out in the postseason once again.

Bet 2014 Stanley Cup Odds

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Thumbnail Stanley Cup Final Game 5 Pick Will the Pittsburgh Penguins close out the Stanley Cup Final tonight when they host the San Jose Sharks in...
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The Star-News

Classic cheese pizza begat all others

Fri, Sep 06 2013 04:18 PM Posted By: Phillip Brents

Thursday was National Cheese Pizza Day in the United States. However, any day really is a good day to head over to one’s favorite pizzeria and take a bite out of a classic favorite.

Thin crust, deep dish or regular?

There are hundreds of different pizza types and toppings today but all originated with the cheese pizza.

The basic plan goes back to the sixth century BCE when Persian soldiers ate a form of pizza. The Greeks and Romans both took a culinary whirl with the pizza concept but it was largely regarded as a peasant food and made without tomatoes.

Pizza, as it is known today, became popular in Italy only in the 1800s; the first pizzeria opened in the United States in New York City in 1905.

It is estimated that today Americans eat approximately 350 slices of pizza per second and that Americans eat 46 slices of pizza per year.

Three billion pizzas are sold in the United States each year; it has been reported that 94 percent of Americans eat pizza on a regular basis.

The most popular pizza toppings are pepperoni (36 percent), sausage in second and mushroom in third.

But you can’t beat the cheese pizza for its simplicity — or the taste, for that matter.

According to Wikipedia, the most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella, provolone, cheddar and parmesan.  Mozzarella is the most popular (about 30 percent) of all pizzas cheeses.

Ever notice a taste difference between pizzas prepared fresh at a local restaurant and frozen pizzas bought at a supermarket? Processed cheeses are often used for mass production pizzas.

What makes the classic cheese pizza stand out is the zesty sauce that serves as the ocean on which the cheese of choice floats. A better analogy might be to think of the pizza sauce as hot magma.

The sauce is usually a blend of pureed tomatoes, tomato sauce, minced garlic and fresh basil.

The fresher the ingredients, obviously the fresher the taste.

Stan Dale, co-owner of La Bella’s in downtown Chula Vista, said cheese pizzas at the popular west side Italian restaurant include a mozzarella and provolone blend of cheeses.

“Pepperoni is our No. 1 seller but we have a lot of variety, so there’s no one pizza that dominates over the other,” Dale said.

Sprinkle mushrooms over a classic cheese pizza, lay on a few pepperoni slices, sprinkle the top with savory Italian sausage crumbles … well, it’s obvious how the classic cheese pizza morphed into the diverse pizza types we all love today.

With September being National Organic Harvest Month, there’s an endless variety of heath-conscious toppings. However, that’s getting away from the simplicity of the cheese pizza, which can easily be made at home, even on a slice of French bread.
October is National Pizza Month, where all types of the delicious pizza can be celebrated equally.

In fact, La Bella’s has gotten the jump on that by introducing a specialty pizza in September — the Philly cheese steak pizza.
Dale said the plan is to have a specialty pizza of the month at some point.

For more information on menu specials and business hours, contact La Bella’s at 426-8820. The restaurant is located at 373 Third Ave., Chula Vista.

© 2009 The Star-News


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Do Younique 3D Fiber Lashes Work? YES!

I discovered Younique 3D Fiber Lashes, and they are fabulous! I love to play with new makeup. I don’t want to even think about how many different lip glosses I own. But when it comes to mascara, I am very picky. I can’t stand mascara that doesn’t stay put, and it must look natural but also make a big difference. I have thin eyelashes with blonde tips, I need mascara. My friend Trisha kept raving about Younique 3D Fiber lashes, and I was curious. Very curious. Then she offered to send me some because she was so sure I would like them.

Guess what? She was right. Now I am wearing the hottest trend in eyelashes, and I love it. In fact, I love it so much I have to share. No clumping, no running and lashes for days!

What Are Younique 3D Fiber Lashes?

Younique 3D Fiber Lashes are tiny fibers that you apply to your eyelashes to give them a longer and fuller look. Unlike fake eyelashes, they are applied like mascara — no glue, no getting things in just the right spot and no heaviness. You just swipe on the fibers and the transplanting gel that makes them stick and go. It’s so easy.

And Younique 3D Fiber Lashes are 100% Natural Fibers taken from Green Tea. So I feel good about putting them on my eyes.

Younique 3d Fiber Lashes
I have fine, light eyelashes with blonde tips. When I was younger, they were longer, but not so much any more. I actually really like my mascara, but lately I have wished for something more, especially for special events. But I can’t stand fake eyelashes. Even when applied by a professional, they make me crazy when I wear them! Which was what made me interested in Younique in the first place.

After trying Younique for myself, not only do they work. I like the fiber lashes for every day use. They don’t give you huge, fake looking lashes. They give you longer, fuller, natural looking eyelashes. Basically what I have been looking for in a mascara forever.

See for yourself.

Younique 3D Fiber Lashes Review

Pretty dramatic difference, right? Just to be clear, same lighting – no editing. (I even left my wrinkles!)

How To Apply Younique 3D Fiber Lashes

The Younique instructions say to apply your favorite mascara, then after your lashes dry apply the transplanting gel, then the fibers, finally more transplanting gel. I did that, the first time. But I found that to be too heavy, and applying to dry mascara felt crunchy. It was too much. But Trisha told me in advance that she doesn’t follow the instructions. So next time I played with the application process.

I found that the best application for me is:

  • A coat of mascara
  • Add the fibers while mascara is wet
  • Finish with the transplanting gel

Three quick steps and I am done.

The one thing I need is an eyelash brush because every once in a while there is a stray fiber that needs fixing. For now I am using my finger tip, but a brush would be easier.

BTW – I don’t use the Younique on my bottom lashes, I just use mascara. You certainly could, but it is too much for me.

I Love Younique 3D Fiber Lashes

Long, full lashes! No really. Standing that the bathroom counter looking in the mirror, without putting my face right up in the mirror, I can actually see my lashes from afar.

Before I discovered Younique 3D Fiber Lashes, I couldn’t do that unless I work fake eyelashes (which I have only done twice in my life). I actually stopped wearing eyeliner for an average day because I feel like for the first time you can see my eyes without it.

Younique 3D Fiber Lashes are comfortable (I can’t even feel them). And they stay put until I take them off. I use a waterproof mascara because I can’t stand runny mascara, and I have no problems with the addition of the fiber lashes. I don’t use eye makeup remover (never have), my mascara and the lashes wash off easily with facial cleanser and water.

Younique 3D Fiber Lashes Mascara

Buy Younique 3D Fiber Lashes

After falling in love with Younique 3D Fiber Lashes I surprised myself, I became a Younique rep! I really love them so much. (Thanks Trisha!) So you can buy Younique 3D Fiber Lashes online directly from me.

They work for me, and if you give them a try, I bet they will work for you too! Any questions?

  1. Would love to try them! But curios about what mascara you use that you love?! And do you know if younique 3d lashes would interfere if I have contacts?

    • Meg, I have contacts and I have no problems.

    • Hi Meg, I use L’Oreal Paris Double Extend Mascara. I’ve used it for years, and it is one of the few I have found that doesn’t smudge — at all! And like I said, it washes off — not a fan of eye makeup remover. I don’t wear contacts (anymore), but when I apply them nothing gets in my eye. So it shouldn’t effect contacts at all. I know people who wear contacts and the fiber lashes with no problem too. Hope that helps. Feel free to reach out if you have any other questions.

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Rigondeaux vs AgbekoATLANTIC CITY, N.J. – When you stop and think about it, boxing fans are no different than moviegoers that have to decide which flick they want to see on a given night out. Whether you’re heading to the arena or your local cinema, the choice sometimes has to be made between The Fast and the Furious and Driving Miss Daisy.

No one can dispute that Guillermo Rigondeaux (13-0, 8KOs), who successfully defended his WBA and WBO super bantamweight championships here Saturday night with a typically efficient unanimous decision over Joseph Agbeko (29-5, 22 KOs), is a defensive genius. Most opponents can barely touch the two-time Olympic gold medalist from Cuba when he is in peak form, and the 33-year-old southpaw certainly appeared to be at or near the top of his game against Agbeko, a former two-time world bantamweight titlist from Ghana who would have preferred to turn the fight into a pugilistic demolition derby instead of another mostly uneventful drive down safe streets by the man known as “El Chacal.” Judges Ron McNair, Eugene Grant and Robin Taylor all had Rigondeaux pitching a 120-108 shutout.

Really, how we get our entertainment is a matter of personal preference, and there are those who will always prefer a screeching, high-speed ride on the wild side to someone expertly demonstrating the proper way to parallel-park.

Count Top Rank founder and CEO Bob Arum, who promotes the Miami-based Rigondeaux, among those who would like to see the master technician add a bit more pizzazz to his exquisite displays of ring generalship. Like a lot of people, Arum has a fondness for guys who go down in the trenches, to spill a little blood, even if some of it is their own, and score dramatic knockouts.

After Rigondeaux’s nearly flawless unanimous decision on April 13 over Nonito Donaire, the Boxing Writers Association of America’s 2012 Fighter of the Year, Arum – who also promotes Donaire – reacted to the outcome as if he’d just found a roach floating in the punch bowl at the party he was throwing.  He complained that Rigondeaux was not a TV-friendly kind of fighter, and that “every time I mention him (to HBO Sports executives), they throw up.”

The suits at HBO, which televised three of Saturday night’s bouts in the Adrian Phillips Ballroom of Boardwalk Hall – super welterweight slugger James Kirkland (32-1, 28 KOs) weathered an early assault from Glen Tapia (20-1, 12 KOs) to score a brutal, sixth-round technical knockout and two-time former world title challenger Matthew Macklin (30-5, 20 KOs) scored a 10-round, unanimous decision over Lamar Russ (14-1, 7 KOs) in the others – apparently suppressed their gag reflexes long enough to give Rigondeaux another high-visibility shot at winning over viewers who worshipped at the altar of the late Arturo Gatti. Suffice to say the jury is still out as far as future projections regarding Rigondeaux’s ability to ever produce the kind of thrills and high Nielsen ratings Gatti so routinely delivered.

 “I wouldn’t blame HBO for never putting Rigondeaux back on,” longtime HBO analyst Larry Merchant said after  the Cuban, who defected to the United States in February 2009, had clinically dissected Donaire. “I think Rigondeaux is a talented, beautiful boxer, but prizefighting is about entertainment. You want a fighter that can excite.”

 For his part, Rigondeaux – who believes he is a better all-around fighter, pound-for-pound, than Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Andre Ward – isn’t disposed to do much tinkering. What’s that saying? If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.

 “I fight my own way, my own style,” Rigondeaux said a couple of days before he schooled Agbeko. “I do what I need to do to win.”

And what of Arum’s occasionally unflattering critiques of Rigondeaux’s obviously successful but comparatively bland style?

“Bob Arum is not the one doing the fighting,” Rigondeaux said. “If he’s not pleased with me or how I fight, maybe he should consider letting me out of my contract. I’m sure there are other promoters who would love to have Guillermo Rigondeaux fighting for them.”

Upon further review, as NFL officials are wont to say, Rigondeaux softened that stance somewhat. Hey, Arum is still signing his paychecks.

“I understand Bob Arum has a job to do,” he said. “I’m very appreciative that Bob Arum has helped me make some money. I have nothing bad to say about him.”

Of course, Rigondeaux would like for Arum not to have anything bad to say about him, either. Telling it like it is, or how you think it is, is a knife that cuts both ways.

“In the ring, I always feel that I can do whatever I want, that I’m in total control at all times,” said Rigondeaux, who added that his punching power is often underrated by media know-nothings who see only his impenetrable defense. “Anybody can beat anybody else on a given night, right? That’s what they say. So let the others think they have a chance to beat me. Line them up. I’ll fight anybody. But the problem is that nobody wants to fight me.”

Agbeko might have wanted to fight, but he spent 12 rounds pawing at the empty air that Rigondeaux had just vacated. The punch stats were, action-craving spectators, abysmal: Agbeko landed just 48 of 349 (14 percent) to 144 of 859 (17 percent) for Rigondeaux. Both finished below the dreaded Mendoza Line.

“It was just hard to get to him,”Agbeko said. “He’s very fast and he has great foot movement.”

For his part, Rigondeaux was hardly dismayed by the sporadic boos and catcalls that rang out in the last several rounds.

Buoyed by a crowd that was very vocal in its support for him, Tapia, a resident of Passaic, N.J., who sold over 1,000 tickets to family members, friends and supporters, came out winging in the first round against Kirkland. By the time the bell rang to end the stanza, Kirkland had a mouse under his left eye and the understanding he probably was in not in for the easiest of nights.

But electing to stand and trade with Kirkland, one of boxing’s more damage-inflicting hitters, is probably a dubious strategy, as Tapia soon came to realize. Kirkland began to get far the better of the exchanges and by the end of the fifth Tapia looked ready to go – more than ready, in fact. Referee Steve Smoger appeared inclined to stop the bout then, but ring physician Blair Bergen looked Tapia over and, with some hesitation, gave the OK for him to continue.

“I did (think about stopping it), but the doctor told me it was all right for (Tapia) to continue,” Smoger said. “I was on the verge of doing it a couple of times, but then the kid returned fire.”

Tapia, however, was only on the receiving end, all but defenseless, when Smoger wrapped his protective arms around him 38 seconds into Round 6.

Kirkland, who landed 305 of 644 punches – 287 of the connects were power shots – lauded the bloodied Tapia, who was quickly taken to AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, for the courage he had displayed.

“It was a real war,” Kirkland said. “I told everyone it would be this way. We traded some good shots. I came in with a game plan and I stuck to it. I had to be a warrior, and I was.”

Macklin, who was able to impose his superior strength on Russ and wear him down a bit more with each succeeding round, immediately called for a rematch with Germany’s Felix Sturm (39-3-2, 18 KOs), who dethroned IBF champion Darren Barker (26-2, 16 KOs) on an emphatic second-round stoppage Saturday in Stuttgart, Germany. When they met on June 25, 2011, Sturm retained the WBA 160-pound crown on a split decision.

“I feel good,” Macklin said after he had handed Russ his first professional defeat. “I was a little impatient in the beginning, trying for the knockout. I relaxed later and felt more comfortable.”

In non-televised bouts of note, super featherweight Toka Kahn Clary (9-0-1, 6 KOs) scored a six-round unanimous decision over Ramsey Luna (11-1, 5 KOs) in a battle of unbeatens; super middleweight prospect Jesse Hart (11-0, 10 KOs) continued to impress with a first-round stoppage of Tyrell Hendrix (10-3-1, 3 KOs), and Russian middleweight Matt Korobov (22-0, 13 KOs), who was wobbled in Round 1, seized control thereafter, dropping a game Derek Edwards (26-3-1, 13 KOs) three times in all before Smoger stepped in 28 seconds into the ninth round.

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Apprenticeships may be an increasingly fashionable way to train people for a new career but Bradford’s Incommunities organisation has been at the forefront of the work for more than a decade.

Even though others have followed, Incommunities Apprentice of the Year awards tonight proved the organisation is still capable of breaking new ground with its work.

Three of the winners were female, in an industry which is traditionally male dominated and one was aged 41 when apprenticeships are normally associated with those fresh out of education.

Incommunities has set out to break down barriers, working in schools to spread the message that trades in the housing industry are open to women as well as men.

Its annual awards recognised those who have stood out for their work in the last year and Geraldine Howley, Incommunities Group Managing Director, said: “We try to improve year on year, to see how we can make it more diverse.

“We are very proud of what we do, it is not a traditional apprenticeship scheme. We have aimed to bring diversity in and engage females into trades which have traditionally been all-male.

“We have gone into schools and talked with people, to say there is room for females as well as males.”

That also applies to age, with Incommunities currently employing a 50-year-old female plumber who has recently completed her apprenticeship.

Last night’s winners reflected that mix, with the top prize of Main Trades Award going to 18-year-old Kieron Cook at the awards ceremony held at Bradford University’s School of Management.

He is a joiner who acquired a taste for the trade during school work experience and is enjoying his training. “There are so many opportunities, it has opened a lot of doors,” he said.

Colleagues voted for him and were full of praise for his work, with comments including: “Kieron is a hard working individual... his attitude to work is brilliant... he works extremely well as part of a team... is always willing to help other operatives... and has the right attitude and responds very well to every task given.”

The Chair’s award was presented to him by Matthew Walker, Incommunities Housing Association Board Chair.

The Best New Apprentice Award went to Keeley McIntyre, 19, from Shipley, who wanted a “hands on” job after studying art and design at college.

She said: “I didn’t want to go to university, I didn’t really know what I wanted to do with it.”

So far she has enjoyed her time, working as part of a team of tradespeople who renovate homes.

Other winners included Rosanne Heaton, 41, a joiner who started an apprenticeship after realising she had an aptitude for the work while completing DIY tasks at home.

She got the Graham Watson Special Achievement Award, which is given to a former apprentice each year.

Emily Cook was given the Peer Award, chosen by her Incommunities apprentice peers and Christopher Farley took the Electrical Award.

The Mentor Award went to Dale Mackrill for supporting an apprentice during training.

The awards were supported by business sponsors who were proud to be involved in the recognising the work of the apprentices and their colleagues, said Geraldine.


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June 23, 2004 RSS feed / For The Record

Betty Laduron Griffith

Betty Laduron Griffith, 67, of Catherine passed away Sunday, June 13, 2004 at DCH Regional Medical Center in Tuscaloosa. Funeral services were held Wednesday, June 16 at 10 a.m. More...

Thank You

Garry Glass and his family can not express how much your gifts of prayers, money, time and help with the singing, spaghetti supper and BBQ has meant to us. More...

Area Calendar

AL-ANON meets every Thursday night at 6:30 at Pineview Baptist Church (enter door at Moore Street entrance behind church). For more information call 636-9985. More...

Clarke County Property Transactions

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2012-05-24 / Editorials

Smart Banking

The largest tax hike in history
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There won’t be much room at the new Premier Inn, but then that’s the idea

The first Hub will open on St Martin’s Lane in central London next summer
Premier Inn
  • A Hub room by Premier Inn
    1 of 1
    The first Hub will open on St Martin’s Lane in central London next summer Premier Inn

Its bedrooms will be small and room rates will be cheap, but Whitbread claims that its low-cost Hub by Premier Inn brand will offer cutting-edge technology — and a decent shower and comfy bed.

A smartphone app will enable guests to book and check-in online, pre-set the room temperature and light settings and even choose which television or radio channel they want playing in their room when they arrive.

When the first Hub opens in a former office block in St Martin’s Lane, Central London, next autumn, its 167 rooms will cost less than £100 a night — compared with an average

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Warm roast vegetable salad

Dispense with the lamb, just have all the trimmings

THOSE Sunday roasts of my childhood have left their mark, and roast lamb with all the trimmings will always be my comfort food. Especially the trimmings. In fact, there are times when I want only the trimmings.

One of my favourite meals is a warm roast vegetable salad, otherwise known as roast lamb without the lamb. It is the dish that I usually have when I am left on my own for a night, and I like it so much that I have been known to ask eagerly how soon it will be before I will be left on my

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Africa Travel

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After a low period these beautiful islands are back in business

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Is Jamal Edwards the next
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Arrested at 14, media millionaire at 22... Ben Machell finds out how the SB.TV founder became the man everyone – from David Cameron to Ed Miliband
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When Jamal Edwards was 14 years old and living on a council estate in Acton, West London, he would be woken up at night whenever foxes got into the communal bins. Like most kids his age, he owned a cheap mobile phone with a built-in video camera, so rather than just wait for the foxes to go, he decided to start filming them. He found it thrilling. Soon he was making videos of whatever wildlife he could find on his estate: lizards, frogs, even his own pet dog. “I remember I once saw some ants moving a leaf,” he says,

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Why teenage fiction keeps coming of age

Teenagers may be notoriously difficult to please, but they do love books and as a result teenage fiction is enjoying a boom. This year’s Edinburgh International Book Festival is capitalising on the trend, with a particular focus on the genre.

Appearing in the RBS Children’s Programme will be John Green, Michael Grant, Patrick Ness and Robert Muchamore. John Boyne will be previewing his new novel, Noah Barleywater Runs Away, and there will be a celebration of some old favourites — Tove Jansson’s niece, Sophia, celebrates 65 years of his Moomins books.

Also appearing is Meg Rosoff, whose literary bent has captivated

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Take the fear factor out of innovation

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The Cheka to scoop July Cup at 33-1

The Cheka's run in the Duke Of York Stakes means that he must enter calculations
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The Darley July Cup (3.20) is one of the sprint highlights of the year but, with testing ground assured, today’s renewal at Newmarket will demand more than just raw pace. The door is open for a surprise and The Cheka, quoted at 33-1 by most bookmakers, fits the bill.

That price is massive given that the six-year-old is one of only a handful in the race who boasts winning form on a soft surface. His ability to stay beyond six furlongs could also be a potent weapon and, regardless of those factors, his penultimate run, when touched off by Tiddliwinks

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Huge Protests Demanding to ‘Impose Islamic Identity’ Expected Friday in Egypt

The ultra-conservative Salafist Front, an Islamist political organization, has called for a “Muslim revolution” (Arabic link) across Egypt on Friday, November 28 in order to “impose Islamic identity without disguise” and to “impose Islamic sharia” law.

The Salafist Front, formed after the 2011 uprising against President Hosni Mubarak, also demands the reinstatement of President Mohammad Morsi, who replaced Mubarak and was ousted in July 2013 amid mass protests against his rule, the Al-Ahram newspaper reported.

The Muslim Brotherhood announced its support for the Friday protests. The Brotherhood, which was designated in December 2013 by the Egyptian government as a terrorist group, “called the protests a new wave of the glorious Egyptian revolution and urged others to fight for their identity and victory of peaceful freedom of expression,” Daily News Egypt reported.

A statement published on the Brotherhood’s website on Sunday stated:

The Muslim Brotherhood treasures the call to preserve the nation’s identity, which the Egyptian people including the Muslim Brotherhood fought for… The Egyptian people won’t accept any attempt to obliterate its Islamic identity.

The protest has alarmed (Arabic link) Egypt’s security agencies, who are warning of potential violence by demonstrators. The authorities have threatened to use live ammunition against anyone who attacks state institutions during the protests, the Anadolu News Agency reported. Egyptian Ministry of Interior spokesman Hany Abdel Lateef said in an interview on the Tahrir TV Channel that any threat to police facilities “will be met with force.”

It is still unclear how many people will participate in the demonstrations, but according to Egyptian media reports there is great concern that tens of thousands of extremists may join in mass protests. It is also unclear whether Salafi jihadi groups in Egypt will send representatives to the demonstrations.

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Cutler still adjusting to Trestman's offense

Even though Jay Cutler said in June it could take up to three years to master the Chicago Bears' new offense, he understands it's possible that time won't be allotted, which is why expectations for the unit in 2013 shouldn't be temper

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-   -   trotter or barrow??? (http://www.thewarpath.net/redskins-locker-room/391-trotter-or-barrow.html)

PSUskinsfan11 03-12-2004 03:07 PM

trotter or barrow???
There have been some rumors that the skins are interested in signing Barrow and now that Butler was signed by the rams we have a little more money to play with. Would it be worth it to sign Barrow?? He is going to want a good amount of money, maybe close to what Trotter is getting. Why would we sign Barrow for a similar amount of money when Trotter is just as good if not better, younger, and already under contract. If we release Trotter and sign Barrow it seems pointless. You might be thinking that Trotter had a bad season last year however look at how bad our D-line was, which makes linebackers look terrible, and he was just coming back from a torn acl. I say we give him at least another year to see what he does and if his contract is an issue in 2005 try to restructure it. any thoughts?

sportscurmudgeon 03-12-2004 04:31 PM

I think Jeremiah Trotter is the single most overpaid player on the Redskins team in terms of what he produces on the field. As bad a year as Chris Samuels had last year, he was still a better value than Jeremiah Trotter.

Having said that, I would not release Trotter and suffer the dead money that he would bring to the team just to sign Michael Barrow. Barrow will be 34 next month and that is getting long in the tooth for an ILB.

I would certainly consider cutting Trotter and replacing him with someone of Barrow's ability who was younger but not someone who will be 34 before training camp starts.

skins009 03-12-2004 04:34 PM

I def. agree. He's a former pro bowl player, so I think he should be given another your to prove he's worth his big contract. Plus there would be a huge dead money hit if we released after only two years.

MTK 03-12-2004 05:09 PM

Trotter could still be a force in Williams' attacking scheme, and he should be fully recovered from his knee injury. I'd keep Trotter around based on that and his sizeable cap hit that we would have to take if he's let go.

skinsfanthru&thru 03-12-2004 05:09 PM

barrow is reported as saying he wants somewhere around 2 mil a year and from what I know that's no where near the price we r paying for trotter. if we r going to be playing a lot of 3-4, which seems more and more a distinct possibility, he'd be a pretty good pick up to play the other middle lb spot.

johnnyredskin63 03-12-2004 06:07 PM

[FONT=Book Antiqua]i really think trotter is going to go nuts this season under williams.unlike last year he has an idea exactly what he wants his defense to do.if i were to sign another big name with talent,i'd sign john lynch.[/FONT]

Ghost 03-12-2004 06:53 PM

I'd like to see if Trotter can finally fulfill his potential this year. If not we can cut him next offseason and it won't hurt too bad.

Gmanc711 03-12-2004 07:13 PM

I agree. I think he should get one more year to prove he's worth it. That Injury was tough, I personally think he will have a good year. I really think our coaching is going to be a big factor in the play of our LBS this year

Sheriff Gonna Getcha 03-12-2004 07:28 PM

Does anyone remember what Trotter did when he was under a good, experienced coach? He dominated the trenches in Philly. I'd hang on to him not simply because he is young and we'd take a cap hit if we cut him, but because he is good. The MLB position reflects the Dline and Trotter can't do much if he has two guys blocking him because the dline isn't keeping guys off the linebackers.

Trotter is an animal but a crappy dline=a crappy LB corps. Improve the Dline and you will see a commensurate improvement from Trotter.

Let's see, so far we've added a promising, yet disappointing DT in Cornelius Griffin, we're banking on a guy who's coming back from ACL and MCL tears, we picked up a 32 yo average end who had two sacks last season, and we've got Renaldo Wynn at left end. Excuse me, but was anyone else watching how pathetic our Dline was last year? Where is our major Dline upgrade?

I hope we've got something in the works to improve our dline because right now I don't see a very good pass rush and I see Tiki Barber running right up the middle for an 80 yard TD. Does anyone remember how in the Giants at 'Skins game we had Tiki stuffed in the middle and he came out of the melee to gain another ten yards? Tiki ain't Ricky Williams or Jamal Lewis (especially in terms of size) and he ran all over us. What is Gibbs thinking?

Ghost 03-12-2004 07:45 PM

Gibbs is thinking that Gregg Williams knows what he's doing ... hopefully his system will be more than the sum of its parts. Yes I'm surprised we haven't done more on the DL but there must be some reason why we passed on these all these FAs over the past few weeks.

Carnage 03-14-2004 02:31 PM

Trotter was a beast, no doubt about it. I agree with those who think he should be around another year.. He has not impressed, but we have to give him time because of the injury. Either way, we'll know this season.

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On Tuesday, Google unveiled its newest social networking service, Google Buzz. Tech blogs have been anticipating its release, speculatively debating whether it will pose a challenge to Facebook and Twitter.

Now that it's out of the box, techies can weigh its merits. The new service is tied to Gmail and lets users post status updates, pictures, and videos to the web. Unlike e-mail, users can send content directly to recipients or post it publicly. The service is integrated with YouTube and Google's photo sharing vehicle Picasa. As with everything Google releases, some think it's the next big thing.

  • It's Late, Boring and Lame, writes Dan Frommer at The Business Insider: "Like many Google services, it lacks any imagination or compelling reasons to use it. (Starting with the name, a rip-off from Yahoo.)...400 million people are already happily using Facebook, and tens of millions (or hundreds of thousands) are using the other services. Why would they switch to this Google service when there are no compelling reasons to do so?"
  • It's a Game-Changer, writes Tim O'Reilly at Radar: "AWESOME idea. There are many of us for whom email is still our core information console, and our most powerful and reliable vehicle for sharing ideas, links, pictures, and conversations with the people who constitute our real social network. But up till now, we could only share with explicitly specified individuals or groups. Now, we can post messages to be read by anyone...Buzz items can be shared directly in Gmail, but are also pulled in from other social sharing sites, including Twitter, Picasa, YouTube, and Flickr."
  • Great Mobile and Hyper-Local Features, writes Cory Bergman at Lost Remote: "Buzz has heavy mobile integration, spanning Google’s mobile homepage, Maps, Place Pages and Google’s mobile app... I think this makes Buzz a valuable addition to Google’s toolbox as it continues to push aggressively into the local mobile advertising space. Empowering local businesses to self-publish to people around them, with massive Google Mobile distribution, can be a powerful value proposition."


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Density is a very important word, yet seems to be one of the most difficult to understand.  I hope this will help clear things up.

First, let’s start with the definition of Density.

Density:  One of the photographic properties that comprise visibility of detail; the degree of overall blackening of the film.

Optimal density for human visibility is .25-2.5.  We give the different shades from white to black a number between 0 and 3.

If I were to take the density reading of the bones in the hand the reading would be closer to zero.  When looking at the bones we can see they are mostly white and have low density number.

Here’s the tricky part.  The bones in the hand are the thickest, or most dense part of the hand.  This makes it difficult for the x-rays to make it through to the film.  Not having the x-ray photons reach the film, or by having an insignificant amount hitting the film makes it appear white.

The flesh, or soft tissue, of the hand is the least dense and therefore allows for the x-ray photons to pass easily to the film.  Having many x-ray photons interact with the film causes the density on the film to black, or grey.  The shades of grey fall between .25-2.5 with 2.5 being completely black to the human eye.

Knowing this we can say that the thickness of the body part is inversely proportional to the density on the film.  The thicker the body part, the lower the density number.

As you train to become a radiographer you start to refine your ability to tell if a film is of optimal density or not.  You will begin to notice the difference in the density of Chest x-ray which is for soft tissue, and a lumbar spine which is thick bone.

When a film is overexposed it has a high density number and has blackening on the film.  An overexposed has too much information on it.  Too many x-ray photons have made it to the film

When a film is underexposed it has a low density number and is white or lighter shades of grey.  An underexposed film has not received enough information on it.

If too much information has made it to the film a bright light or “hot light” can be used, or better yet if you are using a digital imaging system the scanner can eliminate the excess information.  When using a digital system you are able to adjust your window level to help rid of the extra information.

If your film is underexposed and not enough x-ray photons made it to your film, not enough information, you cannot adjust your image or use a light to make the image appear better.

Knowing this, if you were given the choice to use too much or too little it would make sense to use too much.  Having said that, you still need to consider patient dose and not consistently overexpose your patients.

~Hope this helps!

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3 Responses to “Density”

  1. Austin Galla says:

    Hello, first I want to say awesome blog. I don’t always agree with your blogposts but it’s always a interesting read.

  2. Thanks,
    I like the fact that you don’t always agree. That’s what makes this world so interesting.
    Have a fantastic 2010!

  3. JoAnne says:

    I had an x-ray done due to chest pain, my results stated that I had a couple of low density spots and that I needed to do a follow up in $ months, when I asked the nurse why she responded “I don’t know” I was a bit frustrated and wanted to know if I should be of any concern and she pretty much did not have an answer. Can you please help and explain to me what this may possibly mean.

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