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Winter Rage Blast Description

If you are a big fan of free online driving and shooting war tank games. And you are looking for a new fresh and intense challenge online, to shoot and smash and even destroy other tanks. Then you're in luck here on we have prepared our latest exclusive game called Winter Tank Strike. In Winter Tank Strike you must drive your awesome tanks in 8 infernal levels. The war it's in winter time so driving on ice it's pretty hard and steering a heavy leaded tank can be dangerous in ramps and cliffs. So Use arrow keys wise and drive the unlocked tank. Press D key to fire the mines and turrets that are trying to kill you. Jump and drive over obstacles, smash in to boxes and destroy everything in your way. Always collect ammo and life to keep repairing your tank. To eliminate each turret needs 2 missiles to be able to destroy it. So do not waste your ammo, keep the ammo and shoot to destroy. Unlock new better and faster tanks and make it to the finish line in each level. Use W to rise and S to lower your cannon fast to be able to shoot and destroy the enemies. Always try to avoid frontal confrontation, and try to aim and shoot from distance. You got larger range and more firepower than the turrets. Enjoy this intense adrenaline pumping action pack tank game and see how good can you get. Eliminate all enemies to survive and win the game. If you enjoy free online war and shooting games, here on Brightest Games we have other similar unity and 3D tank games specially selected to have fun online. Try other new tank games for free online and good luck! Enjoy!

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Automatic dialers, or auto dialers, are powerful tools that can streamline your outbound calls and make the process much more efficient. They can also, however, create trouble for your call center due to the legal regulations and public perception of autodialing technology. In this blog, we’ll explore what autodialers are, what they should be capable of, and how to use them properly.

Autodialers or automatic telephone dialing systems (ATDS) are electronic devices or software that automatically dials telephone numbers through the use of random or sequential number generators. Once the call has been answered, the autodialer either plays a recorded message or connects the call to a live person.

There is a distinction between when an autodialer plays a recorded message or connects the call to a live person when a caller picks up. When an auto dialer plays a pre-recorded message, it is often called robocalling or voice broadcasting. Some examples are asking the person who picked up to phone to press a button on their phone keypad or playing an advertisement. When an auto dialer connects a customer to a live agent, it is called a predictive dialer or power dialer. Predictive dialers often use real-time analysis to determine the optimal time to dial numbers, while power dialers dial a pre-set list of phone numbers for the agent.

The introduction of auto dialers gave call centers the ability to dial numbers quickly and efficiently, giving call centers the power to conduct massive outbound calling campaigns.

The use of auto dialers and automatic telephone dialing systems (ATDS) in the United States is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC. The FCC enacted the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, in 1991. According to the TCPA and the FCC’s interpretation, the definition of an ATDS and ATDS equipment is any device that has the capacity to call, store, or produce numbers using a random or sequential number generator. Autodialers would typically go through a list of numbers and call every number. This ability to call, store, and produce telephone numbers at a quick rate through a sequential number generator opened up the opportunity for many outbound contact centers and telemarketers to flood the public with outbound telephone calls. This led to the rise of illegal robocalls and spam calls. As a result, the FCC passed legislation that introduced a statutory definition of what constitutes an auto dialer with the purpose of reducing the number of illegal robocalls. Any system that’s considered an autodialer system under TCPA’s definition or the statutory definition of an ATDS is subject to regulation.

Alongside regulation on the operation of autodialers, the FCC also requires the software to protect client information through the implementation of effective and comprehensive privacy policies. Privacy policies must cover any personal information of the client. What a privacy policy should include is covered in other laws, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI.

In 2015, the FCC further expanded its definition of autodialer and ATDS through the Automatic Telephone Dialers Act and introduced a broader definition. The FCC’s interpretation of the ATDS definition and autodialer definition now includes almost any dialing equipment that is automated and is powered through generating sequential numbers.

Violation of TCPA laws can have severe consequences. If there is any inappropriate use of equipment that falls under the definition of an autodialer or is considered an autodialer by the ATDS definition, it can lead to punishment from the FCC or other government bodies. Punishments include having to pay statutory damages and being subject to lawsuits by litigants.

Modern dialing equipment and ATDS equipment come with a number of features that help automate outbound calls and reduce the amount of human intervention needed. Here are some of the features that modern dialing equipment must have.

A key feature that any autodialer must have is the ability to distinguish an answering machine  or electronic device and a live human pick-up. Utilizing sequential numbers to dial through lists of phone numbers means your call center will often run into unavailable numbers. Since there is often no indication that a call is being answered by a machine, ATDS equipment must often analyze the incoming audio and make a decision on whether the voice is that of a human or machine. This will reduce the level of human intervention needed, reduce dialing such numbers, and increase the efficiency of your call center

Autodialers need to be compliant with many laws and regulations. Any equipment that falls into the definition of autodialer is heavily regulated by the FCC. As a result, your auto dialer should be compliant with federal regulations. Your autodialer should comply with laws and regulations, such as TCPA, HIPAA, PCI, and GDPR, and allow you to set a privacy policy to protect user information. All of these steps are necessary to avoid heavy fines and lawsuits by litigants.

Outbound telemarketing telephone calls are often scrutinized by the public. Due to the negative perception, your call center software should allow you to ensure that outbound interactions with your customers and consistently great. Through remote monitoring and AI-driven quality assurance, you can ensure that your call center is generating new leads rather than turning potential customers away.

An omnichannel call center system allows you to communicate with clients on all channels of communication seamlessly. Whether you want to connect with clients through ordinary calls, text message, conventional smartphone, email, or video chat, an omnichannel platform allows you to connect with potential leads through all of these channels on one, easy-to-use agent desktop. On an omnichannel system, interactions that begin through channels like text message can easily be transferred to a phone call, allowing your agents to seamlessly communicate with potential clients.

Bright Pattern’s robust contact center software has a powerful, capable autodialing system among many other advanced features. Being fully compliant with federal regulations and laws, Bright Pattern’s autodialer will ensure that your call center is safe from potential legal issues.

On top of a powerful autodialing system, Bright Pattern’s contact center solution is omnichannel. This allows you to communicate with customers on any channel, including text message, video chat, email, phone calls, and social media. Omnichannel also allows you to switch between these channels with ease, giving your client a seamless, personalized customer experience. Bright Pattern’s contact center software also fully integrates with any CRM, whether it is your own system of records or a third-party CRM, like Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle, or Salesforce.

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We are happy to answer questions, discuss specific workflows and requirements on a live presentation online, describe core benefits, or set up a pilot project to trial our applications without paying any license fees. Let Bright Pattern’s call center solution help you change the pattern of customer service

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MIT Researcher Finds Evidence Of Global Warming On Neptune's Largest Moon

June 24, 1998

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. --We're not the only ones experiencing global warming. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher has reported that observations obtained by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based instruments reveal that Neptune's largest moon, Triton, seems to have heated up significantly since the Voyager space probe visited it in 1989. The warming trend is causing part of Triton's surface of frozen nitrogen to turn into gas, thus making its thin atmosphere denser.

While no one is likely to plan a summer vacation on Triton, this report in the June 25 issue of the journal Nature by MIT astronomer James L. Elliot and his colleagues from MIT, Lowell Observatory and Williams College says that the moon is approaching an unusually warm summer season that only happens once every few hundred years. Elliot and his colleagues believe that Triton's warming trend could be driven by seasonal changes in the absorption of solar energy by its polar ice caps.

"At least since 1989, Triton has been undergoing a period of global warming. Percentage-wise, it's a very large increase," said Elliot, professor of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and director of the Wallace Astrophysical Observatory. The 5 percent increase on the absolute temperature scale from about minus-392 degrees Fahrenheit to about minus-389 degrees Fahrenheit would be like the Earth experiencing a jump of about 22 degrees Fahrenheit.

Triton is a simpler subject than Earth for studying the causes and effects of global warming. "It's generally true around the solar system that when we try to understand a problem as complex as global warming--one in which we can't control the variables--the more extreme cases we have to study, the more we can become sure of certain factors," Elliot said. "With Triton, we can clearly see the changes because of its simple, thin atmosphere."

The moon is approaching an extreme southern summer, a season that occurs every few hundred years. During this special time, the moon's southern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight. The equivalent on Earth would be having the sun directly overhead at noon north of Lake Superior during a northern summer.

Elliot and his colleagues believe that Triton's temperature has increased because of indications that the pressure of the atmosphere has increased. Because of the unusually strong correlation between Triton's surface ice temperature and its atmospheric pressure, Elliot said scientists can infer a temperature increase of 3 degrees Fahrenheit over nine years based on its recent increase in surface vapor pressure. Any ice on Triton that warms up a little results in a big increase in atmospheric pressure as the vaporized gas joins the atmosphere.

Scientists used one of the Hubble telescope's three Fine Guidance Sensors in November 1997 to measure Triton's atmospheric pressure when the moon passed in front of a star. Two of Hubble's guidance sensors are normally used to keep the telescope pointed at a celestial target by monitoring the brightness of guide stars. The third can serve as a scientific instrument.

In this case, the guidance sensor measured a star's gradual decrease in brightness and Triton passed in front of it. The starlight got dimmer as it traveled through Triton's thicker atmosphere and then got cut off completely by the moon's total occultation of the star. This filtering of starlight through an atmosphere is similar to what happens during a sunset. As the sun dips toward the horizon, its light dims because it is traveling through denser air and because the sun's disk gets "squashed."

By detecting that Triton's atmosphere had thickened, astronomers were able to deduce that the temperature of the ice on Triton's surface has increased. "This pressure increase implies a temperature increase," Elliot wrote. "At this rate, the atmosphere has at least doubled in bulk since the time of the Voyager encounter." Like the Earth, Triton's atmosphere is composed mostly of molecular nitrogen, but its surface pressure is much less than that of the Earth--about the same as that 45 miles high in the Earth's atmosphere.

In their Nature paper, Elliot and his colleagues list two other possible explanations for Triton's warmer weather. Because the frost pattern on Triton's surface may have changed over the years, it may be absorbing a little more of the sun's warmth. Or changes in reflectivity of Triton's ice may have caused it to absorb more heat. "When you're so cold, global warming is a welcome trend," said Elliot.

About the same size and density as Pluto, Triton--one of Neptune's eight moons--is 30 times as far from the sun as the Earth. It is very cold and windy, with winds close to the speed of sound, and has a mixed terrain of icy regions and bare spots. Triton is a bit smaller than our moon, but its gravity is able to keep an atmosphere from completely escaping because it is so cold. Its composition is believed to be similar to a comet's, although it is much larger than a comet. Triton was captured into a reverse orbit by Neptune's strong gravitational pull.

Other astronomers who participated in this investigation are MIT research assistant Heidi B. Hammel and technical assistants Michael J. Person and Stephen W. McDonald of MIT; Otto G. Franz, Lawrence H. Wasserman, John A. Stansberry, John R. Spencer, Edward W. Dunham, Catherine B. Olkin and Mark W. Buie of Lowell Observatory; Jay M. Pasachoff, Bryce A. Babcock and Timothy H. McConnochie of Williams College.

This work is supported in part by NASA, the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Related Global Warming Articles from Brightsurf:

The ocean has become more stratified with global warming
A new study found that the global ocean has become more layered and resistant to vertical mixing as warming from the surface creates increasing stratification.

Containing methane and its contribution to global warming
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Global warming and extinction risk
How can fossils predict the consequences of climate change? A German research team from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), the Museum of Natural History Berlin and the Alfred Wegener Institute compared data from fossil and marine organisms living today to predict which groups of animals are most at risk from climate change.

Intensified global monsoon extreme rainfall signals global warming -- A study
A new study reveals significant associations between global warming and the observed intensification of extreme rainfall over the global monsoon region and its several subregions, including the southern part of South Africa, India, North America and the eastern part of the South America.

Global warming's impact on undernourishment
Global warming may increase undernutrition through the effects of heat exposure on people, according to a new study published this week in PLOS Medicine by Yuming Guo of Monash University, Australia, and colleagues.

Global warming will accelerate water cycle over global land monsoon regions
A new study provides a broader understanding on the redistribution of freshwater resources across the globe induced by future changes in the monsoon system.

Comparison of global climatologies confirms warming of the global ocean
A report describes the main features of the recently published World Ocean Experiment-Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology.

Six feet under, a new approach to global warming
A Washington State University researcher has found that one-fourth of the carbon held by soil is bound to minerals as far as six feet below the surface.

Can we limit global warming to 1.5 °C?
Efforts to combat climate change tend to focus on supply-side changes, such as shifting to renewable or cleaner energy.

Global warming: Worrying lessons from the past
56 million years ago, the Earth experienced an exceptional episode of global warming.

Read More: Global Warming News and Global Warming Current Events is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to


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NASA researchers explore lightning's 'NOx-ious' impact on pollution, climate

October 29, 2009

Every year, scientists learn something new about the inner workings of lightning.

With satellites, they have discovered that more than 1.2 billion lightning flashes occur around the world every year. (Rwanda has the most flashes per square kilometer, while flashes are rare in polar regions.) Laboratory and field experiments have revealed that the core of some lightning bolts reaches 30,000 Kelvin (53,540 ºF), a temperature hot enough to instantly melt sand and break oxygen and nitrogen molecules into individual atoms.

And then there is this: each of those billion lightning flashes produces a puff of nitrogen oxide gas (NOx) that reacts with sunlight and other gases in the atmosphere to produce ozone. Near Earth's surface, ozone can harm human and plant health; higher in the atmosphere, it is a potent greenhouse gas; and in the stratosphere, its blocks cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation.

In 1827, the German chemist Justin von Liebig first observed that lightning produced NOx--scientific shorthand for a gaseous mixture of nitrogen and oxygen that includes nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nearly two centuries later, the topic continues to attract the attention of scientists.

Fossil fuel combustion, microbes in the soil, lightning, and forest fires all produce NOx. Scientists think lightning's contribution to Earth's NOx budget--probably about 10 percent--is relatively small compared to fossil fuel emissions. Yet they haven't been sure whether global estimates of NOx produced by lightning are accurate.

"There's still a lot of uncertainty about how much NOx lightning produces," said Kenneth Pickering, an atmospheric scientist who studies lightning at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "Indeed, even recent published estimates of lightning's global NOx production still vary by as much as a factor of four. We're trying to narrow that uncertainty in order to improve the accuracy of both global climate models and regional air quality models."

Using data gleaned from aircraft observations and satellites, Pickering and Goddard colleague Lesley Ott recently took steps toward a better global estimate of lightning-produced NOx and found that lightning may have a considerably stronger impact on the climate in the mid-latitudes and subtropics--and less on surface air quality--than previously thought.

According to a new paper by Ott and Pickering in the Journal of Geophysical Research, each flash of lightning on average in the several mid-latitude and subtropical thunderstorms studied turned 7 kilograms (15.4 pounds) of nitrogen into chemically reactive NOx. "In other words, you could drive a new car across the United States more than 50 times and still produce less than half as much NOx as an average lightning flash," Ott estimated. The results were published July.

When the researchers multiplied the number of lightning strokes worldwide by 7 kilograms, they found that the total amount of NOx produced by lightning per year is 8.6 terragrams, or 8.6 million metric tons. "That's somewhat high compared to previous estimates," said Pickering.

More remarkable than the number, however, is where the NOx is produced. A decade ago, many researchers believed cloud-to-ground lightning produced far more NOx per flash than intracloud lightning, which occurs within a cloud and far higher in the atmosphere.

The new evidence suggests that the two types of lightning produce approximately the same amount of NOx per flash on average. But since most lightning is intracloud, this suggests a great deal more NOx is produced and remains higher in the atmosphere. Compounding this effect, the research also shows that strong updrafts within thunderstorms help transfer lower level NOx to higher altitudes in the atmosphere.

"We've really started to question some of our old assumptions as we've gotten better at measuring lightning in the field," said Ott.

The observations spring out of field projects conducted in Germany, Colorado, Florida, Kansas, and Oklahoma between 1985 and 2002. For example, in a NASA field campaign called the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) aircraft flew headlong through anvil-shaped thunderheads to measure the anatomy of the thunderstorms. Sensors sampled the pressure, humidity, temperature, wind, and the amount of trace gases such as NOx and ozone.

Later, Ott input this data, as well as additional data from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network and NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), into a complex computer model that simulated the six storms and calculated the amount of NOx that the average flash of lightning produced. With that number, she could then estimate the amount of NOx that lightning produces globally each year.

"One of the things we're trying to understand is how much ozone changes caused by lightning affect radiative forcing, and how that might translate into climate impacts," said Pickering.

There's a possibility that lightning could produce a feedback cycle that accelerates global warming. "If a warming globe creates more thunderstorms," Pickering noted, "that could lead to more NOx production, which leads to more ozone, more radiative forcing, and more warming," Pickering emphasizes that this is a theory, and while some global modeling studies suggest this is indeed the case, it has not yet been borne out by field observations.

The new findings also have implications for regional air quality models. Scientists from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, are already plugging the new numbers into a widely-used air quality model called the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model. "Lightning is one of the smaller factors for surface ozone levels, but in some cases a surge of ozone formed from lightning NOx could be enough to put a community out of compliance with EPA air quality standards during certain times of the year," said Pickering.

Pickering offered one important caveat to the findings: The value of 7 kilograms per flash was derived without consideration of lightning from storms in the tropics, where most of the Earth's lightning occurs. Only very recently have data become available for tropical regions, he noted.

Written by: Adam Voiland
NASA Earth Science News Team

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

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New nitrogen products are in the air
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A deep dive into better understanding nitrogen impacts
This special issue presents a selection of 13 papers that advance our understanding of cascading consequences of reactive nitrogen species along their emission, transport, deposition, and the impacts in the atmosphere.

How does an increase in nitrogen application affect grasslands?
The 'PaNDiv' experiment, established by researchers of the University of Bern on a 3000 m2 field site, is the largest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in Switzerland and aims to better understand how increases in nitrogen affect grasslands.

Reducing reliance on nitrogen fertilizers with biological nitrogen fixation
Crop yields have increased substantially over the past decades, occurring alongside the increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer.

Flushing nitrogen from seawater-based toilets
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We must wake up to devastating impact of nitrogen, say scientists
More than 150 top international scientists are calling on the world to take urgent action on nitrogen pollution, to tackle the widespread harm it is causing to humans, wildlife and the planet.

Read More: Nitrogen News and Nitrogen Current Events is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to


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Drug Improves Survival For Certain Heart Attack Patients

November 12, 1997

rvival in people with heart muscle damage, but the same drugs make the outcome worse for people with normal heart function. Those are the findings of a new study by researchers at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. The results were presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in Orlando, on November 12.

"We found that even elderly patients or those with low blood pressure or kidney damage did better with ACE inhibitors, as long as they also had impaired heart function following a heart attack," says Stephen Gottlieb, M.D., a cardiologist who heads the Heart Failure Service at the University of Maryland Medical Center.

For the study, researchers analyzed data from the Health Care Financing Administration's Quality Improvement Project for Medicare beneficiaries, which included more than 200,000 heart attack patients. The study then focused on 127,000 patients for whom complete information was available.

The mean age of the patients was 74 years, and 54 percent were men. The researchers took into account 21 clinical and demographic factors that probably affected survival in this group of patients.

Dr. Gottlieb says ACE inhibitors increased patient survival by about 30 percent overall, but the impact of the drugs varied according to how well patients' hearts were able to pump blood, which doctors measure by the ejection fraction. The higher the ejection fraction, the better the heart's pumping ability. In this study, an ejection fraction of less than 45 percent marked the dividing line between patients who did better with ACE inhibitors and those who did worse.

ACE inhibitors open blood vessels, help heart muscle to pump more effectively, and prevent further deterioration. Of the 127,000 patients analyzed, two-thirds of those who should have been given ACE inhibitors did not receive the drugs. The analysis supports the use of ACE inhibitors in almost all patients with impaired heart function when they are discharged from the hospital following a heart attack.

"Doctors are often reluctant to prescribe these drugs in patients with certain conditions," says Dr. Gottlieb. "But, we found that older age, evidence of kidney disease and low blood pressure do not diminish the beneficial effect of the drugs in these patients, as long as they have impaired heart function."

Gottlieb adds a word of caution, "These data do suggest, though, that patients with good heart function may be harmed by ACE inhibitors, and they should not be routinely used in this group unless there are other indications."

Dr. Gottlieb's co-authors in the study were Robert J. McCarter, Jr. ScD and Robert A. Vogel, M.D.

University of Maryland Medical Center

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Newly discovered pathway may have potential for treating heart failure - New research model helps predict heart muscle cells' impact on heart function after injury - New mass spectrometry approach generates libraries of glycans in human heart tissue - Understanding heart damage after heart attack and treatment may provide clues for prevention - Understanding atrial fibrillation's effects on heart cells may help find treatments - New research may lead to therapy for heart failure caused by ICI cancer medication

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New target identified for repairing the heart after heart attack
An immune cell is shown for the first time to be involved in creating the scar that repairs the heart after damage.

Heart cells respond to heart attack and increase the chance of survival
The heart of humans and mice does not completely recover after a heart attack.

A simple method to improve heart-attack repair using stem cell-derived heart muscle cells
The heart cannot regenerate muscle after a heart attack, and this can lead to lethal heart failure.

Mount Sinai discovers placental stem cells that can regenerate heart after heart attack
Study identifies new stem cell type that can significantly improve cardiac function.

Fixing a broken heart: Exploring new ways to heal damage after a heart attack
The days immediately following a heart attack are critical for survivors' longevity and long-term healing of tissue.

Heart patch could limit muscle damage in heart attack aftermath
Guided by computer simulations, an international team of researchers has developed an adhesive patch that can provide support for damaged heart tissue, potentially reducing the stretching of heart muscle that's common after a heart attack.

How the heart sends an SOS signal to bone marrow cells after a heart attack
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Read More: Heart Attack News and Heart Attack Current Events
Brightsurf.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com.


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Nearly 90 percent of clinical trialists think data should be more easily shared

November 20, 2012

Research: Sharing of clinical trial data among trialists: a cross sectional survey

Nearly nine out of ten clinicians carrying out biomedical research trials believe that trial data should be shared more easily, even though they do express some practical concerns, a study published today on reveals.

BMJ has long championed transparency in medical research. Last month, the journal launched an open data campaign to compel greater accountability in healthcare, and from January 2013, it will require a commitment from trialists to make their data available on reasonable request.

Dr Fiona Godlee and Dr Trish Groves (BMJ Editor and Deputy Editor) say that this decision has been made because "it is no longer possible to pretend that a report of a clinical trial is sufficient to allow full independent scrutiny of the results". They say that this new policy is a "step in the right direction" and it is now down to journals and their contributors to "ensure that we are as rigorous in overseeing and critiquing this new breed of reanalyses as we have tried to be of the originals".

Major regulators are also beginning to contemplate far-reaching open data access policies, most notably the European Medicines Agency.

Many trialists have advocated for data sharing to enhance the value of trial data. It has been argued that full access to data reduces the potential for incomplete reporting of study outcomes therefore improving medical evidence and clinical decision making.

Data sharing generally takes place either via depositing in a repository or after a request from an individual. However, despite compelling evidence, studies have shown that researchers of clinical studies are among the least likely to share their raw data due to concerns over research subject confidentiality and diminished rewards for conducting original research.

Researchers from Yale University, BioMed Central and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute therefore carried out a survey on authors of trials published in 2010 and 2011 in the six journals with the highest Impact Factor 2011 - New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine, PloS Medicine and the BMJ. All responses were anonymous. Respondents were asked about concerns regarding: sharing data through repositories, receiving and making data sharing requests, reasons for declining or granting requests and their beliefs on the right of first use of trial data.

315 trialists completed the survey, the majority of which were male, between 50 and 64 years of age and who had completed their training between 10 and 24 years ago. 83% were employed by an academic institution and two thirds had reached the rank of full professor.

88% of respondents supported data sharing with 75% believing that sharing data through a repository should be a requirement. 73% thought investors should be required to share data upon individual request while only 18% of trialists were required by the research funder to deposit their trial data.

Only five (2%) respondents indicated that data should be made available to investigators immediately upon trial completion; 109 (35%) thought between one to two years after completion; 97 (31%) within three years and 104 (33%) said there should be no time limit and right of first use should extend until the main findings are accepted for publication.

Concerns with data were varied including: appropriate data use (65%), investigator and funder interests (41%) and protection of research subjects (29%). Other, more specific concerns were patient confidentiality and consent, while recognition was the reasoning behind denying individual requests for 42% of respondents. The most common reason for denying individual requests was ensuring appropriate data use at 74%.

And while some trialists themselves may have shown reluctance to share data, fewer than a fifth were required by their funders to deposit trial data in a repository and fewer than half had received an individual request. The researchers say this, however, may be a consequence of an under-developed data sharing system.

The researchers suggest that due to this, the concerns that trialists have need to be addressed. They suggest that to ensure competency, training curriculums can be developed to teach the best practices for preparing and using shared clinical trial data. They say there is also a need to ensure trialists receive sufficient recognition but addressing these concerns will require a "cultural shift" with academic institutions and promotions needing to begin crediting investigators.

In conclusion, the researchers found "substantial support" for sharing clinical trial data among researchers of recently published trials in high impact general medical journals. They say that "practical concerns must be addressed" and the community "needs to not only cooperate with these efforts, but trust that data sharing is in best interests of public and science".

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Read More: Clinical Trial News and Clinical Trial Current Events is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to


text:
Gender issues related to spaceflight: A NASA perspective

November 30, 2001

November 25, 2001 -- Bethesda, Md.-- Twenty-two percent of the active astronaut corps are women (35 of 158). The average female astronaut is 42 years old (vs. 43 years for men) and weighs 60.7 kg (vs. 81.2 kg for men). Insufficient data exist in most of the discipline areas at the present time to draw valid conclusions about gender-specific differences in astronauts or to determine their impact on the health of male and female astronauts.

The inability to draw statistical comparisons based on gender differences is linked to the small number of female astronauts, resulting in an insufficient study sample. In addition, individual differences in physiological responses within genders are usually as large as, or larger than, differences between genders, so individual characteristics usually outweigh gender differences per se.

Despite these obstacles, a minireview in the November edition of the Journal of Applied Physiology, a publication of the American Physiological Society (APS), offers a summary of gender-specific physiological changes and health issues in astronauts for future consideration and in light of the expectation that the number of female astronauts will grow. The summary is derived from a special task-force report developed by Deborah L. Harm, Janice V. Meck, Michael R. Powell, Lakshmi Putcha, Clarence P. Sams, Suzanne M. Schneider, Linda C. Shackelford, and Scott M. Smith, of the Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tx.; Richard T. Jennings, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tx., and Peggy A. Whitson of the Astronaut Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tx.

The review is part of the APS's fall focus on gender differences in physiology. It provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight and covers cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology and decompression sickness, renal stone risk, immunology, neurovestibular and sensorimotor function, nutrition, pharmacotherapeutics, and reproduction.

Highlights of the article appear below.

Gender-related differences are known to exist with respect to clinical efficacy and adverse effects of drug treatment. There is a general consensus among clinical pharmacologists that pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in women are different from those in men. Gender differences in gastrointestinal physiology and hepatic metabolism may contribute to differences in drug dynamics. In addition, hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, renal blood flow, and body composition also play roles in gender-specific drug disposition.

Gastrointestinal Physiology and Hepatic Metabolism

Women may have adverse effects on their drug absorption, biovariability, metabolism, and elimination due to gender differences in gastrointestinal physiology and hepatic metabolizing enzyme systems. They also have altered bile composition, slower intestinal transit time, and higher gastric pH than men. During the first few days of spaceflight, there is a high incidence of space motion sickness (SMS) accompanied by decreased gastrointestinal motility. The combination of initial slower intestinal transit time and decreased gastrointestinal motility associated with SMS may adversely affect absorption and bioavailability of orally ingested medications more in female than in male astronauts. Clinically significant gender differences have been reported for drug elimination processes; these were predominantly linked to the gender-specific expression of metabolic enzyme systems. Differences between men and women in hepatic phase I and phase II metabolism have an important influence on drug metabolism. Men have higher levels of certain metabolizing enzyme isoforms, whereas women have higher activity levels of different isoforms. These differences in drug metabolism may partially account for the higher incidence of adverse reactions to drugs in women than in men.

Hormonal Changes

Menstrual cycle hormonal changes can also influence drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, and oral contraceptive use can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs. Due to the absolute preclusion of pregnancy in space, many female astronauts choose oral contraceptives during the training period, and most continue to use them while on orbit. Changes in the renal, cardiovascular, hematological, and immune systems during menstruation are well known, and these physiological changes could influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs by altering such variables as protein binding and volume of distribution of drugs, which could significantly worsen disease severity.

Normal Menstrual Function
Because space shuttle flights are considerably shorter than the average menstrual cycle length, no on-orbit studies have been done to determine the impact of microgravity on normal hypothalamic/pituitary/ovarian axis function. The primary concern is that anovulation might occur, resulting in continuous estrogen exposure, endometrial hyperplasia, and possibly menorrhagia. Second, there is some concern that hypothalamic amenorrhea and reduced estrogen levels could occur. The reason for concern is that the exercise necessary for long-term cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness may be strenuous enough to cause hypothalamic-induced hypogonadism with reduced serum estrogen levels. The combined effect of hypoestrogenemia and spaceflight-related calcium loss could lead to increased osteoporosis risk.

Menstrual Efflux and Retrograde Menstruation Many women normally experience some retrograde intra-abdominal bleeding during menses. Because of the effects of gravity, the blood products and cellular debris usually stay confined to the pelvis. The development of endometriosis is multifaceted, but exposure of the pelvic peritoneum to menstrual blood products is thought to be the primary cause of its development. Endometriosis is also primarily a pelvic problem in part because gravity keeps the menstrual products confined to the pelvis.

Although medical debriefing data from shuttle flights have not supported concern that retrograde menstruation increases during spaceflight, the role of gravity in menstruation should be investigated to determine whether retrograde menstruation is increased and how peritoneal fluid is distributed. In addition, radiation exposure at varying doses has been associated with the development of endometriosis in certain primate species.

Radiation concerns for women and men are generally similar except for exposure of the gonads and breast and thyroid tissue. Although the radiation exposure levels found in long-duration spaceflight may present an infertility problem for men, this is not likely for the more radiation-resistant ovary. However, the effect of space-based radiation on the chromosomes of oocytes is of considerable importance to women who may desire future pregnancies.

Compared with women, men are at considerably increased short-term risk from damage to gametes. However, the effect of neutrons, high-energy particles, and other radiation from space needs to be assessed for both men and women on prolonged missions so that they can make informed decisions regarding cryopreservation of gametes before flight.

The participation of women in spaceflight piques the interest of the public in issues relating to pregnancy and fertility in space. However, the radiation levels associated with spaceflight in low Earth orbit or deep space preclude pregnancies at this time. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements guidelines limit radiation exposure to 500 mrem for an entire pregnancy and to only 50 mrem per month. The International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines are more restrictive. On the International Space Station, radiation exposure to a pregnancy may approach 35,000 mrem or more. Radiation exposure on the International Space Station varies with altitude, solar cycle, and location of the astronaut in the space station. Thus, during a nine month pregnancy, exposure could range from 10,500 to 36,000 mrem, depending on the altitude of the station and the solar cycle.

Generally, women have lower blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance and higher heart rates than men. In addition, women respond to cardiovascular stress with greater heart rate increases, whereas men respond primarily with greater increases in vascular resistance. In one study designed to examine postflight orthostatic intolerance, the presyncopal astronauts (five women and three men) were found to have greater increases in heart rate, greater decreases in blood pressure, and less of an increase in peripheral resistance in response to the postflight stand test than their nonpresyncopal counterparts (two women and 19 men). It was suggested that indirect vasodilatory effects of estrogen in premenopausal women may contribute to smaller vasoconstrictive responses in women compared with men during orthostatic stress.

Ventricular Dysrhythmias

New data suggest that cardiac dysrhythmias may be of greater concern during long-duration than short-duration spaceflight. In the general population, men in this age group have a greater risk of ventricular dysrhythmias than women. It would, therefore, be expected that in the astronaut population this would hold true as well.

At the present time, 22 percent of the active astronaut corps are women (35 of 158). The average female astronaut is 42 years old (43 years for men) and weighs 60.7 kg (81.2 kg for men). In general, the average woman is 10 cm shorter and 13 kg lighter and has 11 percent more body fat, 8 percent less muscle mass, 10-14 percent less hemoglobin mass, and a lower level of aerobic fitness than her male counterpart. These gender differences can be expected to influence exercise capacity and thus the ability to perform specific tasks during spaceflight.

Aerobic Fitness

The average aerobic fitness, expressed as the maximal oxygen uptake of adult women is 2.0 l/min, compared with 3.5 l/min for men. When adjusted for differences in body weight, the average maximal uptake for women is 40 vs. 50 ml/ kg for men. (These differences can be reduced still further.) Thus, for any task requiring a given absolute oxygen uptake, the average woman is working at a higher percentage of her exercise capacity than the average man.

This would result in a higher heart rate, higher body temperature, greater stress, and a quicker onset of fatigue during the exercise. These more severe exercise responses may result in a greater number of injuries and less tolerance for a stressful environment. For example, in a study of 124 men and 186 women during basic combat training, the women had a 51 percent injury rate compared with 27 percent for the men.

The average woman is less active and less fit than the average man. Therefore, when exercise data are normalized for fitness, the gender differences often are greatly reduced. If allowed to work at a similar percentage of their maximal exercise capacity, men and women would have similar cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses. However, men tend to be faster than women during aerobic events due to their greater muscle strength and the mechanical advantage of their longer arms and legs. Women, on the other hand, tend to have a greater endurance capacity due to a greater reliance on fat metabolism during exercise; thus a glycogen-sparing effect might delay fatigue during long-duration events.

At this time, there is not sufficient data to compare the degree of aerobic deconditioning after spaceflight between men and women. However, in response to bed rest, the relative changes in aerobic capacity are similar between men and women despite the marked differences in absolute values.

There are obvious strength differences between the average man and the average woman. Body strength of the adult woman is about two-thirds that of the adult man. Upper body strength of the woman is 50 percent that of the man, whereas lower-body strength is 70 percent. Few data exist concerning strength changes in women after spaceflight or bed rest. Regional decreases in muscle volume were similar in two men and two women after eight days of spaceflight.

Some reports, however, indicate that women have a greater percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers than men. Slow-twitch muscle fibers appear to be more affected by spaceflight than the fast-twitch fibers. If this is the case, women may be more susceptible to changes in muscle mass and endurance. This hypothesis has yet to be tested. In response to strength training, women and men have a similar proportional increase in lean body mass and strength, yet the total muscle girth of the women is less. These consistent differences in muscle mass of men and women are believed to be attributable to the anabolic effect of the 20- to 30-fold greater concentration of testosterone in men.
The American Physiological Society (APS) was founded in 1887 to foster basic and applied science, much of it relating to human health. The Bethesda, MD-based Society has more than 10,000 members and publishes 3,800 articles in its 14 peer-reviewed journals every year.

American Physiological Society

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Inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases
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text:
Study shows thinning of brain tissue remains in college football players

November 30, 2016

CINCINNATI--A growing body of research continues to raise concerns about the effects of head trauma sustained while participating in popular contact sports, particularly football. But this may not be confined to professional players only. A new study from researchers at the University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, show that even college-level players may be vulnerable to the effects of head trauma, and that even several years after graduation, college football players continue to show evidence of neuropathic brain changes. The findings were published online in the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.

MRI scans of 11 former collegiate football players showed evidence of significantly lower cortical thickness within portions of both the frontal and temporal cortex of the brain, versus a similar group of track-and-field athletes. In many areas of the brain, decreased cortical thickness correlated with the number of reported concussions.

"We found evidence of persistent cortical thinning in some former collegiate football players several years after the end of their active playing career. The former football players showed, on average, lower cortical thickness across prefrontal and temporal brain regions--areas of the brain involved in sustained attention, memory and executive abilities--cognitive domains critical to long-term professional and social function," says Cal Adler, MD, professor and vice chair for clinical research in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience at the UC College of Medicine and a co-principal investigator of the study.

Over 60,000 students play intercollegiate football, and according to NCAA statistics, the sport accounts for more injuries than any other at the collegiate level. Moreover, tackle football can begin at an early age in some football leagues, and by high school, players may have already participated in contact play for several years. "Although many of the functional and cognitive effects of concussion seem to resolve over the months after an event, we have seen where elite athletes from a variety of contact sports can exhibit evidence of neuropathic changes as early as young adulthood," Adler says. "In this study, we saw evidence of correlations between the number of reported concussions and the extent of persistent thinning throughout the prefrontal and temporal cortex in the scans of these former college players," Adler says.

Though the authors emphasize that this was a small, exploratory study, it adds to a growing literature around the potential impact of playing college level football on student athletes' neurological health, suggesting that at least some consequences of high-level collegiate football play may persist years after an athlete has hung up the uniform. "Larger studies following these football players as they age will be crucial to better understanding the risks of college athletics and the potential longer-term consequences of concussions in these young players," says Jon Divine, MD, co-principal investigator, professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the UC College of Medicine and director of primary care sports medicine. Divine is also head team physician for UC Athletics.
The study was funded by a grant from the UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute.

University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center

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Brain scans reveal how the human brain compensates when one hemisphere is removed
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text:
Cell Transplant Repairs Diseased Nervous System In Dogs

December 31, 1996

Application Seen For Multiple Sclerosis In Humans

MADISON -- In a hopeful new development for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), researchers have shown in studies with dogs that they can repair diseased areas of the spinal cord by transplanting nervous system cells into the animals.

Scientists at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine and collaborators report the finding in the current issue of the journal Nature Medicine.

"We are cautiously optimistic that the success we have achieved in dogs may become the best hope available for repair of lesions in people with chronic MS and related disorders," said Dr. Ian Duncan, professor of Veterinary Medicine, who directed the research. "But several scientific questions must be answered before testing in humans can begin. We hope to have these answers within the next two years."

Duncan stressed that transplant therapy for MS would need to be combined with drugs that lessen or prevent on-going disease. While MS is usually widespread throughout the central nervous system, in many patients it causes chronic lesions of the spinal cord, and such patients might be appropriate first candidates for the therapy, he said.

MS is a complex, chronic disease affecting myelin, the sheaths that surround nerve cells. Patches of demyelination, or lesions, along nerve cells can result in weakness, incoordination, and speech and vision disturbances. As many as 300,000 people in the United States have MS, which usually strikes young adults.

Some MS researchers have been encouraged by the recent success of fetal tissue transplantation into patients with Parkinson1s disease, noted Duncan.

"This has been an important precedent," he said. "These advances have shown us that nerve cells can be transplanted safely and effectively, and can survive long-term in the human brain without significant complications in the majority of patients."

Buoyed by the Parkinson1s transplant experiences and progress resulting from his own years of research and that of others on myelinating disorders in rodents, Duncan recently turned his attention to a family of dogs born with a genetic mutation affecting central nervous system myelin. Although not identical to MS, the dog model offers many similarities.

Researchers transplanted glial cells, the supporting structure of nervous system tissue, from healthy newborn pups or fetuses into six of the abnormal dogs ranging in age from two to 32 weeks. All of the dogs exhibited myelin growth at the site of the transplant and in adjacent areas, including one dog in which growth was noted for 27 weeks.

"A dramatic result of these experiments was the degree of myelination - seen as thick and well-compacted sheathing - achieved by the transplanted cells," said Duncan. "However, the extent of myelination in dogs that received the fetal glial cells was even more remarkable."

The fetal cell transplants yielded growth well beyond the graft site, said Duncan, noting that migration of the cells and subsequent myelination was far greater than he and others had observed in earlier experiments with rodents. The experiments in dogs were the most relevant to humans undertaken to date, he added.

The UW scientist was especially encouraged to observe that nerve cells in the mature dog could also be myelinated by the transplanted glial cells. "This is encouraging with regard to human transplantation, since most myelin disorders in humans occur in early adulthood," he said.

MS and spinal cord injuries can also produce gliosis, a reaction that results in excess tissue around demyelinated nerve cells that may serve as a barrier to remyelination. Gliosis also occurs naturally with age in the dogs Duncan studied.

"We showed we could transplant cells into a mature animal with gliosis and still achieve significant myelination," he said. "This has started us thinking that gliosis in MS may not be an absolute barrier to repair, as previously believed."

Duncan said his group has targeted MS with this research, but several other disorders characterized by demyelination may benefit from the transplant technique.

The Wisconsin work is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Multiple Sclerosis Society and the Myelin Project, an international task force of scientists working on myelin and remyelination founded by Augusto and Michaela Odone of Lorenzo's Oil fame.

University of Wisconsin-Madison

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text:
A message from theRobert Forrester, CEO of Vertu Motors plc.

/ /

Fuel type
Body style
Fuel economy
0 mpg

Miles per gallon
0 mpg

Combined - 0 mpg EC Extra Urban - 0 mpg EC Urban - 0.

Engine power
125 bhp

BHP rates the engine performance of vehicles and stands for the brake horsepower.

CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the vehicle in grams per kilometre travelled, the lower the CO2 emissions the cleaner the vehicle is for the environment.

Road tax

Road Tax is based upon the CO2 emissions of the vehicle and is split into 13 bands from A to M. The higher the letter the greater the cost of tax paid to drive the vehicle on public roads. In addition to the road tax detailed below, any vehicle that had a manufacturers retail price in excess of £40,000 when first sold, attracts a road tax supplement of an additional £320 per year. This is charged until the vehicle is 6 years old.

Key features

  • Climate Control
  • Metallic Paint
  • Cruise Control
  • Satellite Navigation
  • Alloy Wheels
  • Heated Seats
  • DAB Radio
  • Bluetooth
  • Parking Sensors
  • Heated Front Windscreen
  • Low Mileage
  • Full Service History
  • USB
  • Keyless Entry/Push Button Start
  • Auto Lights
  • Electric Folding Mirrors
  • Lane Departure
  • Pre Crash Prevention

Managers comments

Christopher Stewart, CMA General Manager
Christopher Stewart, CMA General Manager,

Ford Durham

"our own demonstrator is available now, Clean lines, a sleek layout and sophisticated look. The interior of the Focus is more comfortable, spacious and chic than ever before. A series of smart technologies are designed to protect you, your family, and other road users. For example, Active Braking and Pre-Collision Assist with Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection can warn you of potential collisions and even apply the brakes automatically if you don't react in time. Representing the next level of Ford kinetic design, this is a car that makes its presence known. Whichever way you look at it, the Ford Focus is impossible to ignore. Get ready for the most addictive driving experience, with all the agility and precision you could wish for. It's so much fun to drive, you'll always be craving for more. The dynamic personality of the Focus continues on the inside. The driver-orientated cockpit wraps around you and with the latest technology and features at your fingertips you'll feel completely at one with the car. For an engaging everyday driving experience that yields fun and excitement, Ford Focus delivers. Ford Focus Offering dynamic driving characteristics like nimble handling, impressive ride comfort and spirited performance. Its European-inspired suspension is tuned for agility and precision. Torque Vectoring Control is designed to help the vehicle gracefully negotiate curves. Electric power-assisted steering (EPAS) automatically adjusts to your speed and the conditions. At low speeds, the system makes wheel turns feel lighter and easier, improving maneuverability. At high speeds, when you need greater control, it firms up the steering. Now with drift control, EPAS also takes into account crosswinds and other driving conditions, while active nibble control reduces any unwanted vibration in the steering wheel. All of our vehicles at Bristol Street Motors come fully prepared with our peace of mind Main Dealer guarantee. Every vehicle is fully prepared both mechanically and cosmetically up to the highest standard, every vehicle also comes with a full HPI vehicle check assuring you that your new vehicle will have no registered accident claims reported, or any outstanding finance, it also shows the vehicle has not been imported. In addition to this we also do a full Government VOSA report check to verify the mileage on all cars over 3 years old. This service comes free of charge to all our customers unlike other main dealers who charge you an admin fee for this service. We also offer nationwide delivery on all our vehicles, so call today to arrange a viewing / test drive and let one of our professional sales executives give you the Bristol Street experience."

Body Glass

  • 'Quickclear' heated windscreen/heated washer jets
  • Tailgate wash/wipe
  • Heated rear window
  • Automatic rain sensing wipers
  • Front variable intermittent wipers with electric wash
  • Electrically operated front and rear windows with one touch opening and closing

  • ABS+Electronic Brake force Distribution
  • Electronic stability control
  • Electronic parking brake
  • Hill start assist
  • Auto hold function
  • Post collision braking

  • Bluetooth system

Driver Aids

  • Lane keeping aid with lane departure warning
  • PAS
  • Eco mode
  • Intelligent speed assist
  • Selectable drive mode
  • Pre collision assist with autonomous emergency braking and pedestrian/cyclist detection

Driver Convenience

  • Easy fuel capless refuelling system

Driver Information

  • Ford pass connect
  • Trip computer
  • Digital clock
  • 4.2" TFT coloured cluster
  • Wireless charging pad
  • Ford SYNC 3 navigation with 8" TFT touchscreen, and app link Android auto/Apple carplay

Driving Mirrors

  • Auto dimming rear view mirror
  • Body coloured electrically operated and heated door mirrors with side indicators
  • Power folding door mirrors with puddle lights

  • Aux input
  • 2 USB ports

Exterior Body Features

  • Body coloured bumpers
  • Body coloured door handles
  • Upper grille with chrome surround and horizontal bars

Exterior Lights

  • LED rear lamps
  • LED daytime running lamp
  • Auto headlamps (on/off)

  • Dual zone electronic air temperature control

Interior Features

  • Cloth upholstery
  • Reach + rake adjustable steering column
  • Leather gear knob
  • 3 spoke leather trimmed steering wheel with integrated audio controls

Interior Lights

  • Ambient Lighting

  • Driver airbag
  • Front passenger airbag
  • Front side airbags
  • Passenger airbag deactivate switch
  • Tyre pressure monitoring system
  • Side curtain airbags
  • 3x3 point rear seatbelts
  • Front inertia reel height adjustable seatbelts with pre-tensioners
  • Three rear inertia reel lap/diagonal seatbelts
  • Front and rear seatbelt reminder
  • MyKey system

  • Heated front seats
  • Height adjustable front headrests
  • Isofix child seat preparation
  • Rear centre headrest

  • Remote central locking & engine immobiliser
  • Thatcham category 1 alarm
  • Ford keyfree system with Keyless entry and keyless start/sleep mode key fob

Wheels - Alloy

  • 16" 15 spoke sparkle silver alloy wheels

Wheels - Spare

  • Mini steel spare wheel

The specification listed for this vehicle was standard when purchased new. The actual specification may vary, for confirmation, please contact our sales department.

Dealership location

Ford Durham

High Street, Carrville, Durham, DH1 1AU

Representative Finance Example

Customer deposit £999.00
Monthly payments £146.79
Cash Price £10,000.00
Amount of credit £9,001.00
Fees £0.00
Optional final payment £4,750.00
Total amount payable £12,794.92
Annual mileage 8000*
Term 48 months
Fixed rate of interest 5.25%
Representative APR (fixed) 9.90%

Terms & Conditions: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information shown. However, errors do sometimes occur. The detailed specification of each vehicle listed on the Bristol Street Motors website is provided by "CAP". The inclusion of such data does not imply any endorsement of any of its content nor any representation as to its accuracy.

We are currently unable to provide part exchange valuations online.

Speak to an advisor


text:
A message from theRobert Forrester, CEO of Vertu Motors plc.

/ /

Fuel type
Body style
Fuel economy
47 mpg

Miles per gallon
47 mpg

Combined - 47 mpg EC Extra Urban - 50 mpg EC Urban - 42.

Engine power
190 bhp

BHP rates the engine performance of vehicles and stands for the brake horsepower.

CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the vehicle in grams per kilometre travelled, the lower the CO2 emissions the cleaner the vehicle is for the environment.

Road tax

Road Tax is based upon the CO2 emissions of the vehicle and is split into 13 bands from A to M. The higher the letter the greater the cost of tax paid to drive the vehicle on public roads. In addition to the road tax detailed below, any vehicle that had a manufacturers retail price in excess of £40,000 when first sold, attracts a road tax supplement of an additional £320 per year. This is charged until the vehicle is 6 years old.

Key features

  • Climate Control
  • Cruise Control
  • Satellite Navigation
  • Alloy Wheels
  • Leather Seats
  • Heated Seats
  • DAB Radio
  • Bluetooth
  • Parking Sensors
  • Full Service History
  • USB

Managers comments

Lee Strange, General Manager
Lee Strange, General Manager,

SKODA Chesterfield

"This immaculate Audi Q5 comes very well equipped with, Alloy Wheels-8.5Jx20in 5-Segment Spoke Design . Anti - Theft Device Thatcham Category 1 Approved . Audi Music Interface . Audi Parking System Plus . Automatic Start - Stop Function . Cruise Control . Deluxe 3-Zone Cliamte Control . Drivers Information System (DIS) in Colour . Front and Rear Electric Windows . Heated Front Seats . MMI Navigation System - HDD Based, . Mobile Telephone Preparation-Bluetooth Interface . Privacy Glass . Rain Sensor . Tyre Pressure Monitoring System . Upholstery - Fine Nappa Leather Leather"

Body Glass

  • Rear wiper
  • Privacy glass
  • Front and rear electric windows
  • Light and rain sensor for auto activation of lights and windscreen wipers
  • Acoustic windscreen

  • ABS
  • Traction control
  • Hill descent control
  • ESP
  • Electromechanical parking brake

Driver Aids

  • Servotronic speed related PAS
  • Rear acoustic parking system

Driver Convenience

  • Remote electric boot opening/closing

Driver Information

  • Service interval indicator
  • Driver information centre with colour display in instrument panel
  • MMI - Multi Media Interface control system

Driving Mirrors

  • Auto dimming rear view mirror
  • Electrically adjustable and heated door mirrors

  • Diesel particulate filter

  • DAB Digital radio

Exterior Body Features

  • Rear spoiler
  • Body colour bumpers
  • Chrome exhaust tailpipe
  • Aluminium sill plates
  • S Line body styling
  • Platinum grey rear diffuser

Exterior Lights

  • Front fog lights
  • Headlight washers
  • Xenon headlights with LED running lights
  • Headlight range control
  • LED rear lights

  • 3 zone climate control

Interior Features

  • Reach + rake adjustable steering column
  • Front centre armrest with 12v socket

  • Driver and passenger airbags
  • First aid kit
  • Warning triangle
  • Driver and passenger side airbags
  • 3 point seatbelts on all seats
  • Front passenger airbag deactivation
  • Tyre pressure monitor
  • Seat belt force limiter

  • Split fold rear seat
  • Height adjustable front head restraints
  • Height adjustable driver's seat
  • 3 rear headrests
  • Isofix front passenger and rear seat preparation

  • Remote central locking
  • Locking wheel bolts
  • Thatcham category 1 alarm + immobiliser

  • Towbar preparation

Wheels - Spare

  • Tyre repair kit

The specification listed for this vehicle was standard when purchased new. The actual specification may vary, for confirmation, please contact our sales department.

Dealership location

SKODA Chesterfield

1 Discovery Way, Whittington Moor, Chesterfield, S41 9EG

Representative Finance Example

Customer deposit £999.00
Monthly payments £146.79
Cash Price £10,000.00
Amount of credit £9,001.00
Fees £0.00
Optional final payment £4,750.00
Total amount payable £12,794.92
Annual mileage 8000*
Term 48 months
Fixed rate of interest 5.25%
Representative APR (fixed) 9.90%

Terms & Conditions: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information shown. However, errors do sometimes occur. The detailed specification of each vehicle listed on the Bristol Street Motors website is provided by "CAP". The inclusion of such data does not imply any endorsement of any of its content nor any representation as to its accuracy.

We are currently unable to provide part exchange valuations online.

Speak to an advisor


text:
A message from theRobert Forrester, CEO of Vertu Motors plc.

/ /

Fuel type
Body style
Fuel economy
66 mpg
Pearl - Fiery Red

Miles per gallon
66 mpg

Combined - 66 mpg EC Extra Urban - 69 mpg EC Urban - 63.

Engine power
136 bhp

BHP rates the engine performance of vehicles and stands for the brake horsepower.

CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the vehicle in grams per kilometre travelled, the lower the CO2 emissions the cleaner the vehicle is for the environment.

Road tax

Road Tax is based upon the CO2 emissions of the vehicle and is split into 13 bands from A to M. The higher the letter the greater the cost of tax paid to drive the vehicle on public roads. In addition to the road tax detailed below, any vehicle that had a manufacturers retail price in excess of £40,000 when first sold, attracts a road tax supplement of an additional £320 per year. This is charged until the vehicle is 6 years old.

Key features

  • Air Conditioning
  • Climate Control
  • Metallic Paint
  • Cruise Control
  • Satellite Navigation
  • Heated Seats
  • DAB Radio
  • Bluetooth
  • Parking Sensors
  • Stop Start
  • Low Mileage
  • USB
  • Manufacturer Approved
  • Diamond Cut Alloy Wheels
  • Keyless Entry/Push Button Start
  • Apple/Android Play
  • Rear Camera
  • Auto Lights
  • Electric Folding Mirrors
  • Lane Departure
  • Rain Sensors

Managers comments

Arun Raghu, Branch Manager
Arun Raghu, Branch Manager,

Hyundai Edinburgh West

"The Tuscon N-Line is an absolutely stunning car influenced by Hyundai's performance models giving it the aggressively styled bumpers and black 19 alloys and we have just put a new demonstrator on the road for you to try. This is the 1.6 Diesel Mild Hybrid version which twins the engine with a small electric motor to improve economy and emissions. The N-Lime gets fantastic specification on top of its performance styling it has Leather/Suede sport seats, Touch screen media with Satellite Navigation and wireless charge port, Heated seats, Parking sensors, rear camera and cruise control. We think you will be blown away by this car so come and try for yourself. All of our vehicles at Macklin Motors come fully prepared with our peace of mind Main Dealer guarantee. Every vehicle is fully prepared both mechanically and cosmetically up to the highest standard, every vehicle also comes with a full HPI vehicle check assuring you that your new vehicle will have no registered accident claims reported, or any outstanding finance, it also shows the vehicle has not been imported. In addition to this we also do a full Government VOSA report check to verify the mileage on all cars over 3 years old. This service comes free of charge to all our customers unlike other main dealers who charge you an admin fee for this service. We also offer nationwide delivery on all our vehicles, so call today to arrange a viewing / test drive and let one of our professional sales executives give you the Macklin experience. Reserve online for just £99."

Body Glass

  • Rear wash/wipe with intermittent wipe setting
  • Automatic defog system
  • Adjustable intermittent front windscreen wipers with aero wiper blade
  • Electric front/rear windows with drivers one touch/anti-trap
  • Automatic windscreen wipers with rain sensor
  • Tinted glass with windscreen shade band
  • Privacy glass - Rear windows and tailgate

  • ESP
  • Electronic parking brake
  • Trailer stability assist
  • Emergency stop signalling system
  • Hill start assist control (HAC)
  • Brake assist function
  • Traction control
  • Downhill brake control
  • Anti-lock brake system
  • Vehicle stability management

  • Bluetooth system
  • Apple car play/Android Auto
  • Wireless phone charging pad

Driver Aids

  • Cruise control + speed limiter
  • Reversing camera
  • Lane keep assist
  • Flex Steer variable steering settings
  • PAS
  • Front and rear parking sensors
  • Driver alert system
  • Speed limit information

Driver Information

  • Tailgate open warning light
  • Roll over sensor
  • Trip computer
  • Rev counter
  • Digital clock
  • Trip odometer
  • Water temperature gauge
  • 8" touchscreen satellite navigation including traffic messaging channel, map care and live services
  • Windscreen washer fluid sensor and warning indicator

Driving Mirrors

  • Black outside mirror covers
  • Black door mirrors with integrated indicators
  • Auto dimming rear view mirror with compass
  • Electrically adjustable, heated and power folding door mirrors

  • DAB Digital radio
  • Steering wheel mounted audio/phone controls
  • 2 front and 2 rear speakers with 2 tweeters
  • USB and aux connection in front

Exterior Body Features

  • Integrated front spoiler
  • Integrated rear spoiler
  • Twin exhaust pipes
  • Body colour bumpers
  • Black roof rails
  • Grey bodyside mouldings
  • N Line Badging
  • Rear skid plate - Grey
  • N Line grille
  • Body Colour Exterior Door Handles
  • N Line Exclusive front and rear bumpers

Exterior Lights

  • LED brake lights
  • Follow me home headlights
  • Automatic headlights with dusk sensor
  • LED daytime running lights
  • LED rear lights
  • Positioning Lights - LED
  • Halogen projector headlights
  • Front fog lights
  • Static Cornering lights

  • Dual zone climate control

Interior Features

  • Luggage hooks
  • Front door pocket bottle holders
  • Height/reach adjustable steering column
  • Chrome interior door handles
  • Luggage area underfloor compartment
  • Cupholders in centre and rear console
  • Front armrest with storage box
  • Illuminated/air conditioned glove compartment
  • Logo on seat backrests
  • Retractable load cover
  • Black headliner
  • Red stitching on central pad
  • Driver and passenger front seat pockets
  • Red stitching on steering wheel
  • Luggage cover
  • Luggage net
  • Cloth upholstery
  • Front and rear door pockets
  • Sunglasses holder
  • N Line branded gear stick
  • N Line branded leather steering wheel
  • N Line Leather/suede upholstery
  • 12V power outlets in front console and luggage compartment

Interior Lights

  • Luggage compartment lighting
  • Map reading lights
  • Door courtesy lights

  • Childproof rear door locks
  • Drivers knee airbag
  • 3x3 point rear seatbelts
  • Active bonnet
  • Autonomous emergency braking
  • Seatbelt warning
  • Front side airbags + full size curtain airbags
  • Driver and passenger airbags
  • Front seatbelt pretensioners
  • Height adjustable front seatbelts
  • Front passenger airbag deactivation switch
  • Tyre pressure monitoring system with individual tyre pressure display - TPMS

  • Reclining rear seats
  • Driver's seat height adjustment
  • Manual height adjustable front passenger seat
  • Heated front seats
  • Adjustable head restraints
  • 60/40 split folding rear seat
  • ISOFIX child seat anchorage points attached on outer rear seats
  • Driver's seat electric lumbar support

  • Deadlocks
  • Perimeter alarm
  • Speed sensitive auto door locking
  • Locking wheel nuts
  • Immobiliser
  • Remote control central locking
  • Smart key with keyless entry and engine start/stop button

Vanity Mirrors

  • Driver and passenger sunvisors with illuminated LED vanity mirrors

Wheels - Alloy

  • 19" Alloy wheels

Wheels - Spare

  • Tyre repair kit

The specification listed for this vehicle was standard when purchased new. The actual specification may vary, for confirmation, please contact our sales department.

Dealership location

Hyundai Edinburgh West

390 Calder Road, Edinburgh, Lothian, EH11 4AS

Representative Finance Example

Customer deposit £999.00
Monthly payments £146.79
Cash Price £10,000.00
Amount of credit £9,001.00
Fees £0.00
Optional final payment £4,750.00
Total amount payable £12,794.92
Annual mileage 8000*
Term 48 months
Fixed rate of interest 5.25%
Representative APR (fixed) 9.90%

Terms & Conditions: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information shown. However, errors do sometimes occur. The detailed specification of each vehicle listed on the Bristol Street Motors website is provided by "CAP". The inclusion of such data does not imply any endorsement of any of its content nor any representation as to its accuracy.

We are currently unable to provide part exchange valuations online.

Speak to an advisor