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Fun off-piste in powder in Les Houches!! [video]

This January, Chamonix has received more snow than any January since 1967.
Over two metres 10cms fell in just one night in Argentière a week or so back.

So, when yet another 40cms of snow fell yesterday at chalet level, and with visibility greatly reduced throughout the valley, Helen and I chose to ski our own backyard: to explore the off-piste possibilities in Les Houches.

In Chamonix, most people head up to Grands Montets when there are powder snow conditions – which unfortunately means it also gets tracked out very quickly.

Instead, we sometimes go searching for the interesting and excellent little routes and lines that can be had in Les Houches.

Les Houches is so under-rated for off-piste skiing, but it holds some superb hidden gems….

This is one of our favourite spots for off-piste here: down through the trees over by the Grand Bois button lift.
This year has seen SO much snow fallen that it is thigh-deep in places – and today was simply exceptional.

Bluebird day off-piste on Grands Montets

We are SO lucky to live here in Chamonix valley.
Every now and again, we get to experience conditions that are simply PERFECT for great ski days.

Take yesterday, for instance.
It was one of those bluebird days with not a cloud in the sky.  We headed up to Les Grands Montets, one of the five ski stations in Chamonix valley which is world-renowned for its acres and acres of off-piste terrain, and found it virtually empty.

It would have been simply rude not to have taken advantage of this by heading up to the very top.

Normally there is a long queue for the top station, but yesterday, we were lucky and scarcely waited.

Here’s a little local’s tip: The buvette at the top of the lift station at the very top of Grands Montets serves potentially the best Croûte Forestière in Chamonix valley.  Perhaps it is the altitude. Perhaps it is the method.  I don’t know.  But over the past few years, we have consistently enjoyed this simple Savoyard meal here.  Fresh bread, a heaping of creamy mushrooms, topped with a slice of ham and a handful of grated cheese, add a swig of white wine and a pouring of fresh cream and bake for a few minutes to melt the cheese and wine down to a gorgeous, creamy, sticky consistency.  Absolutely delicious at 3230 metres above sea level.

Sustainance applied, Helen, Tim (Helen’s nephew) and myself stumbled down the 30-odd metres of metal steps (ski boots and steps are rarely a gainly combination) to the snow, where leaving the pistes behind, we headed out onto the untracked Glacier d’Argentière for our descent.

Please note that we would not recommend this route to our guests or people who do not know the area without a guide. This is glaciated terrain, and just a few metres past the rope marking the piste, you ski on snow bridges over hidden crevasses. Last year, a guide died here when the snow bridge he was on collapsed, so it can be deadly terrain.

Helen and Tim on the Glacier d'Argentière

Okay. Warning aside, the Glacier d’Argentière is staggeringly beautiful.  We were virtually the sole people skiing the top half, skiing open patches of perfect powdery snow, carefully finding the route, avoiding those place we know there are crevasses, before dropping down amongst the towering seracs and icefalls.

Once we’d dropped onto the main body of the glacier, we were joined by a few other skiers taking the same route out.

Helen skiing the crowded glaciated terrain

Sadly, we only had time of one top bin, but we quickly skirted over to the Bochard lift to grab a last descent down the Lavancher bowl.  Again, awesome conditions with lovely soft snow….

View from Lavancher towards Brévent

View towards the Aiguilles Rouges

We arrived back down at the Pendant lift just before it closed.  Just as the liftie was pushing the seats up on chairlift.

All in all, one spectacular memorable day!

Helen and Tim

Complimentary peak performance coaching for skiers…

As part of our ongoing mission to continually improve the value of staying at Maison Jaune, for this Winter we are proud to launch a new service: complimentary peak performance coaching for all our guests.

A HUGE part of skiing performance is your mental game.

It affects how you ski on a day to day basis.
It affects how you ski particular slopes.

Your inner game controls how you respond to falls, ice, moguls, steeps, carving, speed…
and that in turn affects how you enjoy skiing and the quality of the emotions you feel when you ski.

For most people this is haphazard.   You have good days and you have not so good days…

What if you were to discover how to make EVERY day a good day!
What if you were to discover how to ski your best every run!

Sounds pretty amazing, right?

As you may know, Leighton is both a life coach and author of the book, “Skiing without Fear” – which combines neurolinguistic programming techniques (NLP) and visualisation with skiing.  It’s aim is to enable you to step up your inner game and take control of your state whenever you ski.

This is key to being able to tap into your ability to perform at peak levels and truly ski at your best.

This Winter, we are offering a complimentary peak performance course to our guests.  Coupled to our ski orientation, Leighton will accompany you on the slopes and work on your inner game.   He will teach you some fantastic jedi-mind tricks to build your confidence ready for skiing, together with some powerful tools to enable you to control your current state of mind, so that you can perform at your peak whenever you wish.

Powerful stuff.

More details here: Peak performance NLP coaching for skiers

Powder off piste in Flégère.  Game on!

Powder off piste in Flégère. Game on!

Still fabulous skiing to be had….

Although there has been precious little snow for about 9 weeks now, we are still skiing in and out of the chalet without any problems!

The pisteurs have done a fantastic job and we are out skiing in great conditions….
It is warm – 10°c – sunny and spectacular!

Chamonix Les Houches - simply beautiful

Sure, it can be a little slushy in the afternoon in Les Houches – like any spring-time conditions – but Grands Montets is still fabulous – though a little rocky off-piste!  Look like Grands Montets will still be open until the 8th May!!!

The best thing is though that there are SO few people here at the moment.  Lift queues? I don’t think so.

Skiing Les Houches on Sunday March 20th!

Kandahar World Ski Championship in Chamonix 2011!

Today was the Mens downhill from the World Ski Championship here in Chamonix – well, Les Houches, to be precise…

This event is named after Lord Roberts of Kandahar – a Victorian general who famously lifted a siege of the Afghanistan town of Kandahar – who gave out medals at the first ski competitions back in the 1900’s!

Le Cassure - the first jump (50-80m!) of the Chamonix Kandahar

Apparently  in 1911, Henry Lunn the travel agent (Lunn Poly!) organised a downhill ski race in Montana, Switzerland and Lord Roberts donated a magnificent trophy.  This race was known as the Roberts of Kandahar challenge.  There was no piste or trail, and the first descent of 5000 feet took 61 minutes!

Later, in 1928, his son, Sir Arnold Lunn, teamed together with Hannes Schneider, to create a combined downhill/slalom contest, which was known as the Arlberg Kandahar.  This took place in St. Anton and was held annually until the start of World War II in 1940, and resumed in 1949.

The sites of the A-K expanded to include Chamonix, Sestrières in Italy, and Garmisch in Germany.

Today, there was a fantastic atmosphere – it was AMAZING to see these top-class skiers flying down the route that we know so well (and ski so badly in comparison!).   Somewhere between 20 and 40 thousand spectators lined the route and the finishing line.

Just after launch on the Goulet

Helen and I got to see the jumps at the Cassure – the first jump where they drop into the bowl which is normally horrendously moguled… and also le Goulet – the steepest part of the “Verte des Houches” – where they must be jumping 60-90 metres!!

November… and we’re skiing!

Back in September, in my long-range weather forecast for the Alps winter 2010, I predicted an early cold start to the Winter…   and abundant snow…

It is with a lot of relief, it looks as though my forecast is coming true:

The UK has had its earliest snow since 1983…
Temperatures dropped to -18 degrees c in Llysdinam in Wales on Sunday…

… and here in Chamonix, Grands Montets opened its doors on Saturday….  and we were there to celebrate.

Ok.   The visibility was poor.  Flat light.  It was still snowing slightly.
My boots hurt like the worst time since the first time last year!

But it was simply fantastic to be out skiing again!

Snow on the hot tub deck

Snow on the hot tub deck

So the big question here is:  When is Les Houches going to open?

Well…  Les Houches has a history of trying to rival Grands Montets for opening dates –  and GM opens fully from the 6th December.  Next weekend!

Given that just five minutes ago, the first piste-basher was creating a base on the piste outside chalet Maison Jaune, I think there will be a partial opening here next weekend!   The Compagnie du Mont Blanc is unlikely to open the Prarion lift until the 19th, unfortunately!  Spoil sports!   However, SEPP, the company that controls most of the other lifts here in Les Houches, is likely to open the rest of the mountain as soon as it is able…

There is more snow forecast in the next few days and the temperatures are quite cold and stable… so we’ll just have to wait and see….

My first book is finally published!!

I have finally published my first book, entitled “Skiing without Fear”.

It is an instruction manual on how to use neurolinguistic programming (NLP) and visualisation techniques to overcome fears surrounding skiing and learning to ski.  At 102 pages, it is quite a small book – but hopefully will be an influential book in the future.   My hope is that as many people that have read “Inner Skiing” read mine!

Skiing without Fear

I often wondered why noone had ever combined NLP and skiing because, to me, they seemed a natural fit as the mental aspects of the sport seem to hold back the most people – rather than the physical technique of how to ski.

… so I finally got around to doing the research – I read over 30 NLP books for this project which combined with my training as a life coach, and all the NLP stuff I’ve learnt since I first heard about NLP back in Australia in 1991!!

It is available on and – simply go here :  or search on “skiing without fear”.

New video of Les Houches – showing the Kandahar Chamonix world cup run

March is here…   This means we can look forward to warm days, lots of sun, and BONUS, there is still plenty of snow and skiing left!!!

Unfortunately, I am still recuperating – though I sneaked a cheeky ski in for the first time since December when I went for a ski last week…   .

I managed just a single blue run – and it took me three days to recover!!  Not good.

Anyway, it gave me the chance to play with some video footage… and put this short video together…  enjoy…

It shows the Kandahar ski run – the Chamonix world championship run!

The footage was filmed by Helen and Tim in early February this year of chalet guests, Ian and David, skiing the Kandahar.    The music is “The Road” by the Levellers.

Can you find her in the video?   She appears twice!  albeit, briefly…

“Skiing without Fear” website and eBook launched today!

After much webwork – much done whilst I was convalescing in Annecy hospital – the website and eBook for “Skiing without Fear – for beginners, intermediates, and experts ” were completed, tested and launched today…

Skiing without Fear - for beginners, intermediates and experts -

The book is a collection of NLP and visualisation exercises designed to help fearful skiers to overcome their fears, and more advanced skiers to build their confidence – even to be able to produce their peak performances whenever they wish.

Paperback coming soon….
Whilst the eBook launched today and is available for just $9.97 at the moment, the paperback edition will be available hopefully from the end of the month once we have received our ISBN numbers.

It will also be available to purchase from the “Skiing without Fear” website, and via

For more details on the book, read extracts, purchase the eBook – or join the Skiing without Fear forum, please visit:

Fantastic snow through January…

January was an “interesting” month…  I fell ill and ended up actually being hospitalised in Annecy for over two weeks… (hence no blog posts in January).

Thankfully, I am now out, and prescribed a nice selection of medications, and am slowly coming back to health…  In a month, I lost about 20kg of weight… Now I am out, Helen has me on restricted duty…  Unfortunately, it looks like I will not be fit enough to ski for quite some time yet!!   This is rather disappointing as the snow is currently amazing…..  Tant pis.  C’est la vie!!

Consequently, it has been a very busy month for Helen, keeping the chalet running smoothly…  So, a big thank you to Tim, Helen’s nephew, who is helping us out mornings and evenings, and Nikki who has been a fantastic help with the cleaning…  So, it has basically been service as normal!   We have been lucky to have had fantastic guests who have been very understanding of the situation too…

Tim’s chosen speciality is canapés and aperos…  and “apero-boy” as he has been nicknamed is even planning a book…  Good luck with that, Tim!

Anyhow…   January is now over and February has begun…

This means the days are getting longer and warmer…  and the snow is simply perfect at the moment.

There should be some great skiing for our guests…..

Sunset on the Mont-Blanc massif - 3rd Feb

Sunset on the Mont-Blanc massif - 3rd Feb

Helen and Tim enjoying a glass of Champagne in the hot tub with four-time repeat guests, Paul and Lorraine

Helen and Tim enjoying a glass of Champagne in the hot tub with four-time repeat guests, Paul and Lorraine


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Phone 928.300.1699

Russ Lyon | Sotheby's

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Price Reduction at 6070 La Privada

Posted By Wally Reule @ Apr 17th 2014 4:46pm In: Sedona Real Estate Market News

6070 E La Privada
Cornville, AZ

MLS# 503022 - Residential

Panoramic views of the Mingus Mountain range welcome you to this executive style, stucco home. Unique features of this distinctive home, are it's extra high ceilings, walls of glass, and private baths in each of the 3 bedrooms. High-end finishes include granite, stainless, and custom blinds & draperies. Listen to the soothing sounds of the water features which grace both the front courtyard and back patio. Landscaping is low maintenance leaving plenty of time to enjoy the beautiful community pool. This move-in-ready, immaculate property has been spotlessly maintained, & upgraded so that you too can enjoy the luxury of living in this peaceful gated community.

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We have recently reduced the price of this lovely home in Cornville to only $365,000. It's a beautiful and and it's a great deal.

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6 Best Press-On Nails to Fake a Flawless Manicure

April 19, 2020
By: Tembe Denton-Hurst | Makeup.com by L'Oréal
6 Best Press-On Nails to Fake a Flawless Manicure

Gone are the days when press-on nails popped off every few minutes or came in limited, cringe-worthy variations. In recent years, fake nails have gotten stronger and more natural-looking and the designs have gotten prettier and cooler. Thank goodness, because with salons closed at the moment, we miss having the opportunity to play with different nail shapes, lengths, designs and finishes at our every whim.

We’ve rounded up our favorite brands to check out ahead, from the drugstore buy that comes in a dizzying number of shades to the customizable press-ons designed by a celebrity nail artist. Your at-home mani game is about to get stronger than ever.

imPRESS Manicure

The leaders in the drugstore press-on game, imPRESS Manicure offers virtually any nail type and color you can imagine. You can find everything from medium-length, almond-shaped nails to matte manis that feel particularly on trend. One pack, which includes enough nails for both hands as well as some extras, will typically cost you less than $10 so you can save money while you wait for your favorite salon to re-open.

Static Nails

This brand is changing the way we think about press-ons. You can pop them on for days or weeks at a time — the more nail glue you apply, the longer they stay on. Looks include negative space nail art, holographic finishes, matte coffin nails and more on-trend styles. The brand recently dropped a line of polishes that you can use to jazz up blank reusable sets any way you please.

Ardell Beauty Press-On Nails

You may know Ardell Beauty for its lashes, but the brand also sells press-on nails that we love. You can find trend-focused shapes and shades in the collection — from jeweled nude nails complete with a glitter accent nail to vampy coffin-shaped claws with a chrome finish.

Dashing Diva Press-On Nails

For an endless array of short, bejeweled nails, try Dashing Diva’s press-on nails. The brand offers two types of press-ons: Magic Press Nails, which are thin, flexible and waterproof and Glue On Nails, which offer a wider variety of shapes, lengths and shades.

Marmalade Nails

A favorite of beauty enthusiasts and influencers, Marmalade Nails offers Instagrammable sets that you’ll want to wear again and again. A couple of our current faves include Moonlight, a purple and blue iridescent set with a matte finish, and Borderline, light pink stiletto nails with minimalist striped nail art.

Nailed by Cristy

Nailed by Cristy is the brainchild of celebrity manicurist Maria C. Sanchez who has created intricate sets for TV hits like Empire, Claws and RuPaul’s Drag Race. She sells custom sets and nail stickers — all of which feel incredibly luxe. A full set will run you between $50 and $85, but her unique designs are worth the price tag.

Photo: Chaunte Vaughn

Read more


text:
States’ SOP should be the same as the Federal Government’s directives – Minister

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sabri ismail tourists money

PUTRAJAYA: The use of QR Quotes or Quick Response Quotes by some states for easy management purposes is not compulsory as it is not in the Act 342, Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (Act 1988).

Security and Senior Minister, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob said, the government encourages people to download relevant apps and states do have their own apps but it is not compulsory.

“Many people do not like their personal details like name and hand phone numbers to be written and probably for that reason the states have introduced QR Quotes,” he said in his daily press conference held here today.

Ismail added, the use of face mask is also not compulsory in the Act 342 but the people are encouraged to wear it whenever they are in the public places.

The senior minister was responding to a question of whether the QR Quotes is compulsory on the people during the Conditional Movement Control Order that (CMCO) was enforced until June 9.
Elaborating on this, Ismail said,

whatever SOPs that have been released by the National Security Council (NSC) at the state level should be the same as the Federal Government’s directives.

Regarding the inter-state travel permits given to the Muslim couples who want to marry, Ismail said non Muslims have also been granted the same permission but only four are allowed that is the bride and bridegroom and two other witnesses to be present at the registration event.

On the CMCO compliance, Ismail said, 93 vehicles without inter-state permissions have been asked to return by the police. The highest number of attempts to cross the state borders is led by Pahang (38), Melaka (27) and Selangor 24.

“Yesterday Jun 2, the police had detained 56 individuals who did not comply with CMCO and from that 46 individuals were remanded while 10 others were on police bails.

“The police had also issued compounds to 88 individuals for defying CMCO but there was no compound issued for Hari Raya visit,” Ismail said.

For the return of students to their home towns, Ismail added, from April 27 until to date, the Ministry of Higher Education had sent 57,729 students from the institutes of higher education back to their families.

Ismail said, on June 2, 915 students have been sent back via seven flights. However 702 students are still at the campuses and will be sent back soon. –Malaysia World News

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text:
Here's another English translation done by Mama Lisa:

Little soldier, big soldier,
Let us all march proudly,
The flute is tooting and the drum is strumming,
And my daddy is my soldier buddy!

Sheet Music

Sheet Music - Klein soldaatje, groot soldaatje

Thanks and Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Lyndsey Haezebrouck for contributing and translating this song.

Dank u wel!


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How Does Early Intervention Work?

Updated on February 02, 2012
M.M. asks from Chicago, IL
21 answers

Hi all,
My DD is about to turn 18mos, and mostly, she's not talking. She uses Mama, Dada and Kitty regularly.
Apart from that, nothing. She HAS words. I have heard her say blanket, cup, bink (ba ba), Uh-oh!, and banana (nana)...but she won't use them. She prefers to walk over to something and grunt and point at it when she wants it.
I've tried making her say it by witholding what she wants...she wins that fight with a screaming fit each time.
I've tried walking away, and she'll get mad, and then just go find something else to do.

She understands my very well, and quite a bit. She follows basic orders quite well ("put this in the trash", "Go get your cup", etc...). She's just not talking, seeminly, becuase she doens't want to.

I'm guessing that the ped is going to want us to do early intervention when we go for her 18mos apt. So I'm just curious what that involves?

What can I do next?

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answers from Minneapolis on

speech therapy and working with her a lot at home. No magic pills :( My cousins baby was speech delayed at 18 months. It was mostly just going in to a speech therapist weekly.

More Answers

answers from San Francisco on

My nephew was exactly the same. He would not talk for anything. My sister lived with my mom and my mom ran the roost so sis didn't have much to say when mom put her foot down and absolutely FORBADE anyone giving my nephew anything unless he at least made an attempt to speak. My sister was heartbroken for days watching her little one cry, but it worked. It didn't take long for him to realize that no one was going to cave and if he wanted something, he was going to have to at least try to say it.

So, while I agree you should look into early intervention, don't be surprised if they tell you there is nothing wrong, she is just bein stubborn and lazy. You will do her a world of good if you stop giving in to the tantrums.

3 moms found this helpful

answers from Los Angeles on

I am an early childhood interventionist, and I have seen the therapy work very well for a lot of kids. Even if your pediatrician is not concerned, I would push for the therapy if you can. Someone said 18 months is too young, but by the time you actually get someone coming to your house she might be 2 already, so you don't want to wait. I have worked with kids as young as 10 months so it's never too early! We really force the language to come out and help stop the behaviors. It's not a miracle but the younger you start and the more on board YOU are with it (i.e. using the methods outside of the sessions) the better it works.

2 moms found this helpful

answers from Chicago on

My son did not say a word when he turned 2. We contacted early intervention. They did an evaluation & started speech therapy for him. It did wonders.
He is in kindergarten now & is talks as well as his peers.
I couldn't have made a better decision.

2 moms found this helpful

answers from Jacksonville on

My son at 18 months didn't have any words and didn't even point or grunt to let us know what he wanted, so I don't know if this will work for you. Our specialist has us use sign language. The thought being that you can't force a child to talk but you can move their hands. This helps them to understand that words have meanings and if they ask for things, they will be given to them. We started with eat. Whenever we would sit down to eat, would have him sign eat. We would just put a little on his plate. If he wanted more he had to sign more or eat. We had to help him at first by moving his hands. He was resistant at first, but he did catch on and started asking for things,
My son really liked the signing times and baby signing times dvds. You can check them out at the library.
My son started with EI at 18 months. He just turned 3 and is doing really well with talking. We don't use sign language anymore.

2 moms found this helpful

answers from Chicago on

You call the early intervention phone number, they set up an appointment time for you and the child to come in, or they may do it at your house. They will tell you if the child qualifies for any services. If they do qualify then they usually come right to your house (or daycare) and do whatever services you qualified for. It's that easy.

2 moms found this helpful

answers from Dallas on

I think your expectations are too high. My oldest son barely said anything understandable until he was 3. He graduated high school with honors and does public speaking since graduating college.

I know that your question was about early intervention, but I think you may be putting too much pressure on your little girl. I doubt she needs anything.

2 moms found this helpful

answers from Dallas on

I think she sounds pretty normal and I doubt your doctor will be concerned. You can continue to help her develop her skills by reading to her, doing rhymes/poems/nursery rhymes with her, singing/ music in the car, and by modeling the language. If she wants a drink and walks over and grunts at your, Say "Oh, I think you mean that you want a drink. Say "Drink, please" and then hand her the drink. Even if she does not say it. When she DOES say the words, go wild with excitement!

2 moms found this helpful

answers from New York on

Even if your pediatrician doesn't recommend it, I'd call early intervention. It will take a little while to get scheduled, have a meeting and get started. It is only available till age three and it's much harder to get help after three. They evaluated my son for free in my home, and the intervention he got was VERY inexpensive and convenient. Your daughter might not be that far behind but it sounds like she will not progress as she has decided to scream, not talk -bad sign that she finds speech frustrating. In the meantime, teach her the word and the sign language for "Please" and insist she use it when she wants something, it is easier for her than coming up with the correct label for what she wants but teaches her she must use words to ask for and receive something. For the next week use the word and the sign for her, then push her to say it. Then start walking away from tantrums without giving in! Put yourself in a nice quiet time out and know that screaming will not hurt her as much as rewarding and reinforcing screaming will hurt her.

1 mom found this helpful

answers from Richmond on

Usually 18 months is when pediatrician's begin talking about EI. Do you have any other children? They take their milestone's into consideration as well.

My pediatrician got me in touch with EI just after my son's 18 month check up. Once you're in touch with them, it takes quite a while (I'm assuming depending on your state), usually 3-5 months to review applications. My son was accepted within a week, because his case is considered 'severe'.

He had to undergo a full developmental evaluation and go to an ENT before you could even apply. After that, they sent a team out to my home to evaluate him (they like to do this at home, since it's within the child's comfort zone). After that, he was either accepted or denied (like I said, in his case, he was accepted immediately.)

Then you come up with a game plan and create 'goals'... and after that, you begin speech therapy (and/or OT therapy, and/or group therapy)... and that's when the real work begins ;)

GOOD LUCK!! My son is 2 and has the vocabulary of a 12 month old, but EI has worked WONDERS and he's definitely improving! He still has a ways to go, but he's getting there :)

Like your kiddo, my son understands *everything*... he just doesn't speak. He grunts and growls and gets mad (well, that's all he was doing in the beginning)... but now he can say a few more words and even put two words together, like 'bye dada!'...

We also figured out that, as a younger baby, he never put things in his mouth (which is how babies explore their environment and it's important because that's how they learn to work their tongue muscles)... because he skipped that step, he's a picky eater, and it's directly related to his not speaking. We're getting there! You'd be surprised, in hind sight, how much contributes to the issues she's having now!! PM me if you'd like more info :)

Good luck with your daughter!!

ETA: Stick with your mommy gut. If you truly feel like there's an issue, keep bringing it up with her doctor. Everyone told me my son was on track, that he's normal for that age, his big sisters must be speaking for him, etc, etc... and it turned out to be a SEVERE speech delay. Trust that instinct mama!!

1 mom found this helpful

answers from Rockford on

I actually just started this with my son. He wasn't speaking so we had him evaluated at 17 months (he's 19 months now). Like you, I knew he had words, he just refused to use them, and would grunt and scream more than try to use words. Our pediatrician referred us to Child and Family Connections. They actually sent someone out to our house, to ask about my worries and what types of things he was and wasn't saying. They do a basic question and answer with you about your child, to get a feel for what is going on. After that we had an appointment with two developmental therapists, who came to our house and, basically, played with my son on the floor with a few toys to see where he was in development. That lasted for 45 minutes, then I talked with them for 45 minutes. They recommended I have his hearing tested and that he have speech therapy once a week. The speech therapist comes out to the house once a week and works with him. He's already started saying more words and expressing himself verbally more!
That was my experience with early intervention. Child and Family Connections has a web site too, that might give you more information.

Best wishes!

1 mom found this helpful

answers from Washington DC on

Your daughter sounds just like my daughter. She is 18 months and in the same boat. She has been part of an Early Intervention (EI) program since she was a year old. She originally was an automatic participate because she has a heart murmur but once she was evaluated they recommended speech, EI and physical therapy (she was a LATE walker). Now we have dropped the PT but picked up Occupational Therapy. I once asked the speech therapist when I should be ‘worried’ that she doesn’t talk much…she replied ‘when do I worry or when does a pediatrician worry’ apparently they differ. 18 months is when therapists would like to see them start but most start at around 2 years at the recommendation of the pediatrician. We also taught her simple signs to help with her frustration.

EI can only HELP your daughter and do no harm, so why not just get her evaluated? Then go from there. Good luck!!!

1 mom found this helpful

answers from Washington DC on

hon, i think you might need the intervention!
she sounds like an awesomely strong-willed little person, a trait that will serve her well as she grows up. and she is training you very well indeed.
for starters, i wouldn't try to *make* her talk, it'll just get her back up. setting it up as a competition that she 'wins' by melting down is a losing proposition. but you can make it easier and more comfortable for her to meet you (not lose to you) by setting it up so that she 'wins' by opening up her communication. i'd start by being very opportunistic about her talking. when you do hear her say 'blanket', don't go all nuts with praise, but use the occasion to open the door to a simple dialogue. 'yes, honey, blanket's on the floor! pick her up, please.' or when you know she wants a banana but won't ask, dance around the kitchen singing a banana song, make the word irresistably fun to her. play with words and concepts, don't allow them to become forces of opposition.
sorry, i know that's not what your question was about. i'm just thinking that what this strong little girl needs is for you to decline the battle, not necessarily to ramp it up with intervention.

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answers from Dallas on

18 months is still too young for early intervention, IMO, and according to our pedi. My daughter had the same problem, she only said a handful of words by her 2-year checkup. The pedi said they do most of their verbal developing between 2-3 years, so we did nothing and sure enough, right around her 3rd birthday, she just opened up and started talking. She learned oodles of words daily, and she hasn't had a single problem since.

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answers from Houston on

Neither of my boys were saying much more than what you described until they were about 24+ months. Just like your daughter, they could follow directions, knew a few words and would communicate by pointing and following directions. I was also told by friends/family to have them evaluated/ have their hearing checked, but my pedi said they were totally fine so I never worried about it. Sure enough, one day they just started talking in 2 and 3 word sentences.

But, for eci, they typically come and make an evaluation, then proceed with setting up therapy if needed.

You can help with the word development and encouraging the use of words yourself though in the meantime, by story play, exploring, word games, reading, flash card games.... Also, don't give in to her screaming fights when she won't use her words... walk away.

Here are warning signs... it doesn't sound like your child has any of them, except for maybe not saying 15 words, but that doesn't have to mean consistently. If you look back it may surprise you how many words she does know:

However, getting evaluated and some therapy to help her progress never hurts either, so if you are really concerned, then you can always go that route if they determine it is needed.

1 mom found this helpful

answers from Kalamazoo on

We used EI through the state of IL for my now almost 3yo. I highly recommend it. Call the department for your county and they will put you in touch with a case worker who will organize and schedule all the evaluations. They came to our home and did all of the evaluations for free. They will do them every three months at your request too. If she needs it, great you can take advantage. If she doesn't, at the very least they can give you some pointers. Go ahead an try it, it's not going to hurt.

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answers from Chicago on

When we used it, I began by calling the office where we are located (Kane County) and requesting an evaluation. After being evaluated, my daughter qualified for physical therapy as well as speech/developmental therapy. The therapists came to our house for the sessions and continued until the appropriate progess was achieved. The sessions were billed through our insurance company.

I'm attaching a link that will explain the process in Illinois. If you have any specific questions, please feel free to send me an email.

answers from Chicago on

Wow, it is dissapointing to read that many found they had to wait for EI services, in Tx I called and with in a week they did an evaluation and began services, maybe it was because of his age (30 months) and they only had 6 months to do anything with him, either way it saddens me. Your pedi does not have to send a reccomendation or anything you can contact them, they will contact your pedi and keep your pedi up to date on services and what is going on. I liked that my pedi would call periodically to discuss some of the reccomendations made by the therepists, mostly OT and he seemed to be involved and invested in my son's development. My son grunted and pointed as well and what we did in the begining was
Child grunts/points
Parent Oh what do you see?
Child grunts/points
Parent is that a banana?
Child grunts/points/squeels
Parent Can you say banana please?
Child grunts/points/squeels/screams
Parent can you say Ba Pa? (asking for first sounds only now)
Child screams - remove child from situation, calm child down, say "Sarah, can you say Ba Pa? (while holding the banana)" if they make an attempt you cheer give a small bite and ask her to try again.
My son's issue was caused by one huge ear infection that kept flaring up from 3months until 2.5 y/o when we got him tubes. Each time we followed up after the round of meds it appeared to be gone, it was only "gone" enough to LOOK like it cleared up and would slowly make its comeback! Either way the day he got his tubes in it was an explosion of words - now we had to teach him HOW to use them correctly since he could understand and be understood! EI works wonders if you utilize their services correctly and to the fullest. I will reccomend that if they offer a service TAKE IT! We were offered Speech, OT, Developmental Play Therepy and a Family Councilor - Each were a blessing in their own and my son LOVED their visits. I will also reccomend that if your child does have multiple therepists that at least once amonth they overlap their visits or have a longer group visit so EVEYONE is on the same page. We did this frequently because Speech did not want to counter what OT suggested or what DPT suggested and often that was when our BEST solutions came because we could come up with a plan/activity that addressed all the concerns at once! The Family Councilor - she was all MINE, she would visit with my son a bit based on his desire to interact with her but we would sit on the couch and drink coffee and talk about what was going on each week and discuss me and how I was doing since the others were there for my son. I tell you - a blessing EI was just a blessing to have.

answers from New York on

She sounds Ok, to me, but I am always a fan of getting an evaluation. You can call them now because it takes several weeks to get someone out and then another few weeks to start treatment if she qualifies. You do not need a referral or anything, although when you call they may ask what your pediatrician has said. They will ask you questions on the phone like what your concerns are and how many words she has. They will then come out and do an evaluation. You may have a good or a bad team, it's usually 2 people. We had a speech therapist who was good and an occupational therapist who was not. Anyway, they will most likely score your child way lower than you thought so don't freak out. This is especially true if your child has never been evaluated and is younger. Then they will tell you if you qualify. After that someone will call you and come out and discuss your goals. Then they will assign you the therapists that the original team reccomended. They will usually start you out with once a week. You will need to provide last years taxes because the rate you pay is based on your income. Honestly, if insurance covered my son's speech therapy I would have done it at the therapists office because EI always does it at home (sometimes a park or library) and my son did not like people coming to our home someone putting a lot of demands on him. So be prepared.

answers from Dallas on

I can only speak for the ECI process for Texas but am assuming it may be similar for IL. They will come to your house and do an eval. It is free. For speech if they are found to have at least a 3 month delay then they will qualify for early intervention treatment. My daughter had speech therapy from 18 mos to 2.5 yo. They would go to her daycare and do the therapy. They base the cost on your income. For example, my cost was $100 per month. If you don't make much money, it could even be $0. If they still need help after age 3, then it goes through the school system.

answers from Pittsburgh on

She may be too young for a speech eval....not sure. Definitely check with your pediatrician and express your concerns.

BUT I can tell you this friend had a son that required EI and services. (This is in PA, but I'd assume pretty standard OP.)
He was evaluated and they determined which services from which he would benefit (ST, OT, etc.) and they set up a schedule for the therapists to come to the house & do it. I believe the process involved her applying for SSI for him, so that everything would be completely covered. (He was older than 18 mos. when this began)
This followed through to IEP's and a TSS in class when he was school aged.
So...she might be too young yet AND it might be nothing, but I think you are SO on the right track for thinking about it and getting your child any & all help/services available to her!

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$1 for 3 months. Save 97%.
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Ron Simon | Hating the heat, but dreading winter

Ron Simon

Thank heavens for air conditioning. I don’t think I could survive much time at home if I didn’t have it on hand.

There are always warm and even hot days in mid-summer. But the heat that started in late June has turned the world into a load of misery. And it doesn’t look like it’s going to calm down. We had this coming eventually after so many soft summers. It was time to experience a real hot time.

It makes me wonder if we could start thinking about the coming winter’s time. Some workout buddies at the Mansfield Area Y say they expect this will be a long and nasty winter. Not so much cold as just damp and miserable.

One added on another thought, which was, “We’ve had this coming for a long time.”

Thank heavens for having air conditioning. No matter how much it costs, I can live with it.

As for the coming winter, it's wait and see.

Meanwhile, I’m selling off a number of my old books. I’m closing in on a thousand volumes so far. I’m only asking for $1 per book. When I ask for more, buyers simply were not interested. But when I seek just $1 per book, just asking for a simple dollar seems to do the trick and I have no idea why. It just works.

While I’m ready to say goodbye to books I haven’t even read, there are a couple I just can’t walk away from.

A pair of Classic American Railroad Routes, one for the east and south and another for the west and southwest, are a real reading treat. I think I’ll to hang on to these gems. Another well-illustrated book about the story of mountain railroads is also worth keeping.

Beyond that, have a look at the hundreds of well-kept books on my shelves.

Ron Simon, Mansfield News Journal columnist.

I love to see buyers work through the stacks of books in search of something they just have to have on their shelves.

But let’s hold off until we can get cooler weather. I’ve got plenty of time if you do too. I just need some cool afternoons, say from 1 to 6 p.m.

See you then.

Ron Simon is a retired reporter, award-winning columnist and veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces. He can be reached at


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$1 for 3 months. Save 97%.
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Bailey gets roughed up, Reds lose to Phillies

Associated Press

PHILADELPHIA – Homer Bailey took a step backward after a few solid outings.

Cole Hamels threw seven sharp innings to earn his 100th career win, Domonic Brown had a career-best five RBIs and the Philadelphia Phillies beat the Cincinnati Reds 12-1 on Saturday night to end a four-game losing streak.

Bailey (3-3) lasted only 3 2-3 innings, allowing six runs and seven hits. He had three straight starts of three runs or less after allowing four or more in four of his first five starts.

“I didn’t have command with anything,” he said. “Sometimes that’s just the way it goes. I’ve been there before. You just have to keep working hard and keep your focus.”

Bailey had a scoreless streak of 18 innings against the Phillies before Cody Asche snapped Philadelphia’s 23-inning scoreless streak with a two-run double that sparked a six-run fourth. Cesar Hernandez capped the scoring for the Phillies with his first career homer.

“Homer wasn’t real sharp,” Reds manager Bryan Price said. “When he’s on, he’s locating with his fastball.”

Hamels (1-2) didn’t need much run support.

Coming off a career-high 133-pitch outing at the Mets last Sunday, the three-time All-Star left-hander was impressive. Hamels gave up one run and three hits, striking out 10 on 90 pitches.

Hamels, the 2008 World Series MVP, was stuck on 99 wins since last Sept. 14. He improved to 9-0 against the Reds, including the postseason. The Phillies are 12-0 when Hamels starts vs. Cincinnati.

“He was really sharp,” Price said. “He hit both sides of the plate with his full arsenal.”

Phillies manager Ryne Sandberg used his 23rd different lineup in 40 games. Jimmy Rollins led off for the second straight game instead of Ben Revere, who has a stomach virus. Asche moved up to sixth from eighth and Brown was dropped to seventh from sixth.

It worked.

Ryan Howard started the fourth with a walk and Marlon Byrd hit a double to end an 0-for-13 slump. Asche then lined a double to right on an 0-2 pitch for a 2-1 lead.

Brown followed with a two-run shot into the second deck in right field. Brown got a green light on a 3-0 pitch and didn’t miss it, connecting for only his second homer in 234 at-bats, dating to last season. Brown led the Phillies with 27 homers in 2013 and was an NL All-Star in his first full season in the majors.

“I got in a few jams early and left a few balls up,” Bailey said.

Carlos Ruiz chased Bailey with a two-out RBI single. Chase Utley greeted reliever Logan Ondrusek with an RBI single to make it 6-1.

Asche had an RBI single in the seventh, Brown followed with a three-run double and John Mayberry Jr. snapped an 0-for-14 slump with an RBI double.

NOTES: Reds slugger Joey Votto remained in Cincinnati and the team is uncertain whether he’ll need a stint on the DL. Votto has a distal strain of his left quadriceps. … Reds RHP Mat Latos threw his third bullpen session since suffering a setback in his rehab for a strained flexor. Latos is scheduled to face Reds hitters in a simulated game on Tuesday. … The Reds are 7-18 at Citizens Bank Park since 2008. … LHP Tony Cingrani (2-2, 3.34) faces LHP Cliff Lee (3-4, 3.23) of the Phillies in the series finale Sunday.


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Our Escape to Tapalpa, Jalisco

2018 Articles Suzanne A. Marshall

By   Suzanne A. Marshall from the September 2018 Edition

What were we escaping from you may wonder. Here we are living in paradise, on the beaches of Manzanillo, and we certainly have no desires to change that. But this season it’s been very, very hot. This isn’t so unusual in Mexico, and certainly not given the global heat wave the planet has experienced this summer, but what a perfect excuse to find a little temporary reprieve from the temperatures and head up the mountain into the Sierra Madre mountains to cool off and explore, yet another, lovely Mexican location.

We learned about Tapalpa from our Mexican neighbours who encouraged us to go and explore the area. It was easily accessible by car and only takes 3 – 3 ½ hours to drive there. It’s a pretty basic route on the freeway to Guadalajara then a turn into the city of Sayula (which I previously wrote about) and on past Sayula and up the road until you reach Tapalpa.

It’s a lovely location, situated at about 1,950 metres (6,400 ft.) and is one of the 83 designated “Pueblos Mágicos”, or magic towns, found throughout Mexico. Tapalpa was the fifth town to earn this designation which is only awarded to towns with real natural beauty; cultural richness, traditions, historical relevance and more. Tapalpa means “place of coloured earth” derived from the ancient Nahuatl language spoken by the Aztecs and many of Mexico’s indigenous civilizations. Its population is approximately 19,506, taken from a 2015 census.

A nopali cactus tree frames one of many rustic log cabins hugging the tree lines entering Tapalpa.
Atop the mountainside, the local flora includes cacti, pine, oak, cedar and fir trees. The wildlife includes deer, rabbits, squirrels, armadillos, snakes and a small wildcat known as the oncilla. There are even a few elusive pumas. (I prefer them elusive.)
My first impression of the area also included pastoral scenes of large, green, grassy fields with plump cattle grazing everywhere as well as beautiful rustic log-structured homes and cabins, with terra cotta tile roofs, scattered among the pines as we entered the city proper. We were destined for a small hotel, just off the main town square, named Hotel Casona de Manzano. It was a lovely, convenient spot for walking about the town and had a wood-burning stove/fireplace in the room.

The first paper factory in Latin America was opened in Tapalpa in 1840. [4] The factory shut down and was abandoned in 1923 due to the Mexican Revolution. [5] Today, its abandoned ruins have become a tourist attraction.

We’d be happy to return to Tapalpa one day and continue our exploration of this lovely area. I would be remiss if I didn’t mention how reasonable the restaurant and shop pricing is in this town. As a tourist destination, a person often anticipates elevated pricing but that was not the case here and a very pleasant surprise. I know we haven’t seen it all and we will be happy to pick up where we left off and enjoy this breathtaking area again.

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This Mexico wall map features thousands of place names, accurate political boundaries, national parks including Cumbres de Monterrey National Park, biosphere reserves including El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve, archeological sites including the ruins of the Yucatán Peninsula, and major infrastructure networks such as roads, canals, ferry routes, and railroads.

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This drawing depicts what the new career and technical education center in Clinton County could look like. The building will cost between $8 million and $11 million depending on where it is built; EICC officials have yet to announce its location.

More details about a proposed bond referendum to pay for a handful of Eastern Iowa Community College projects — including a new career and technical education center in Clinton County — have been released.

A bond referendum is a public vote that allows residents the power to authorize or deny a governing body the means to raise funds through the sale of bonds.

In this case, the sale of bonds would be needed to construct, among other things, the CTE center that would offer a variety of classes for high schoolers and adults in Jackson and Clinton County. EICC has been working alongside superintendents from Jackson and Clinton counties to plan the building’s layout and curriculum.

According to documents shared at the November Central DeWitt School Board meeting, the bond referendum will ask taxpayers to approve one of two proposed referendums that range from $33 million to $40 million. The plan is for the referendum to be on ballots in March in each of EICC’s counties — Jackson, Clinton, Scott, Muscatine and Louisa.

EICC has two proposals for the referendum. Included on both referendums are:

A new health wing at the Scott Community College Belmont Campus in Riverdale for an estimated $6,124,943.

A CTE addition on the Blong Technology Center in Davenport for an estimated $2,543,764.

A CTE and nursing building and welding/advanced manufacturing addition on the Muscatine Community College building for an estimated $12,689,085.

An ag innovation center addition onto North Scott High School for an estimated $3 million.

Each referendum proposal is the same except for one project closer to home. EICC officials have yet to decide the location for the Clinton/Jackson CTE center and are mulling the idea of either building a CTE center in Clinton next to Clinton Community College or building the center offsite at either the Crossroads Industrial Park in DeWitt of the Clinton Railpark near Low Moor.

One of of those options will also be a part of a proposed March referendum.

According to documents provided by EICC, the building near CCC would cost an estimated $8,891,868. An off-site building would cost an estimated $11,221,839.

Northeast Community College Superintendent Neil Gray said he expects EICC officials to decide the location of the center in Clinton County by the end of 2020.

An optional add-on to the referendum that EICC officials are considering is a new entrance and student union area added onto the Scott Community College — that option would add another estimated $5,341,383 to the referendum.

Superintendents Tom Meyer and Chris Hoover, of Bellevue and Maquoketa, respectively, have both expressed concern about the proposed locations of the Clinton/Jackson center.

They both support building the center in Clinton County, but, they also are advocating for an investment in enhancements to the CCC campus already in place in Maquoketa.

The main sticking point, they say, is travel time. A one-way drive from Bellevue to the proposed site in Low Moor is between 46 and 54 minutes depending on the route. The drive to DeWitt via U.S. 61 is 43 minutes.

“To have our kids drive, or ride a bus, there — that’s two hours a day on the road. I’m not in favor of putting our kids on the road for that long,” Meyer.

Neither referendum proposal has an option for updates to the Maquoketa CCC campus.

Clinton Community College President Brian Kelly did not respond to a request for comment before press time.


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High Tide 03:05 (3.95m)

High Tide 05:50 (3.96m)

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Wednesday, January 20, 2021

Maritime Logistics Professional

Massive drugs haul off Spanish coast

Posted to On the waterfront (by on December 24, 2009

A joint sting has made London a little safer

The streets of London may have got just a little bit cleaner and safer thanks to a massive drugs haul off the coast of Northern Spain.

Cocaine with a street value of £375million was seized from a large ship, a 150ft former coastguard vessel that started its journey in the West Indies and was destined for the UK.

This particular drugs haul, seized from the ship named The Destiny Express, was the result of an intense underworld investigation that stretched from London and Spain to the Caribbean and Columbia, bringing into focus yet again the sheer scale of export of class A drugs, the resulting laundering of the multi-million pound proceeds and the impact it has on families, communities and vulnerable groups.

A report from the UN recently highlighted the vast impact of drug trafficking on difficult social issues including prostitution, tax evasion and gun crime. The UN stated that the global dug trade generated an estimated $321.6billion in 2003 alone, with an upward trend, especially in undeveloped nations.

In the UK, illegal drugs trade accounts for around 1% of GDP, or £8.5billion, again with extensive knock on effects in criminal activities.

With the drug trafficking industry becoming ever-more dangerous and wide-reaching, the huge seizure was achieved through a joint operation between the UK’s Metropolitan Police, the Serious Organised Crime Agency and the Maritime Analysis & Operations Centre, with the cooperation of the Spanish National Police.

A senior representative from the Met’s Central Task Force commented, “I would like to thank Spanish National Police whose excellent work ensured the prisoners and drugs were safely secured. I would also like to thank my team and others that have supported us in what has been a challenging and demanding investigation. Their dedication and professionalism has ensures that the harm caused by this criminal network to the communities of London has been reduced significantly.”

Tags: boat business economics finance shipbuilding U.S. Asia show yachts "mega yachts" megayachts superyachts boats building luxury yacht "giga yachts" "super yachts" gigayachts MONACO HIGH NET ULTRA WORTH


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• Mark Dallmann

6 Graphs Showing the Strength of the Current Housing Market

Some Highlights:

  • Keeping an eye on the current status of the housing market is one of the best ways to make powerful and confident decisions when buying or selling a home.

  • Mortgage rates remaining near historic lows and houses selling in an average of only 29 days are just two key elements driving the strength of today’s market.

  • With the national data shown here, make sure to also determine what’s happening in your local market so you are fully informed when you’re ready to make your next move.

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© 2020 by Mark Dallmann REALTOR. All rights reserved


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Delivery to Sick Child

Marken Delivers Medicine to Help Save a Child’s Life…

Challenge: It is nearly midnight on a Wednesday and a child at Mater Children’s Hospital in Brisbane, Australia is critically ill and in immediate need of a drug available only in the United Kingdom. The drug needed to save this child must consistently remain at 2-8 degrees C in order to maintain efficacy. To further complicate the situation, quick routes with direct flights from the U.K. to Brisbane are very limited, and the pharmacy originally designated for delivery of the shipment is unable to accept weekend deliveries.

Solution: Marken provides validated 2-8  degrees C Credo packaging for the shipment and works with their resources to secure a space on the next direct flight from London to Brisbane. Marken’s team of experts works around the clock to identify an alternate delivery location for the shipment to bypass the pharmacy closure. The in-depth clearance documents are quickly provided by Marken’s imports coordinator in Australia, ensuring the shipment receives efficient and speedy customs clearance in time for delivery directly to the hospital pharmacy as soon as it opens at 8 a.m. on Saturday.

Outcome: Marken’s immediate access to validated packaging and airline contacts secured a direct flight. Teamwork and ingenuity identified a new weekend delivery location, and appropriate customs paperwork avoided any delays in customs clearance.  An experienced and dedicated Marken team around the world cleared the path to make a life-saving impact on a child. Marken makes it happen.

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Fed’s Dudley Says Its Too Early to Hike Rate

It is too early to consider an interest rate rise in the United States due to concerns about global economic growth, New York Federal Reserve Bank President William Dudley was quoted as saying by an Italian newspaper on Monday.

“The situation changed over the last few months,” Dudley told CorrierEconomia last Thursday on the sidelines of a conference at the Brookings Institutions in Washington.

“It’s true we thought we could raise interest rates by the end of 2015, but turbulence on financial markets, modest global growth, energy prices and macro-prudential imbalances are slowing this process down.”

He added that it was “still too early to think about raising interest rates”.

Speaking at the Brookings Institution last Thursday, Dudley said he would be prepared to raise interest rates in December if the U.S. economy performed in line with his forecast of continued moderate growth.

The Fed surprised half of Wall Street in September by holding rates steady rather than hiking. Fed Chair Janet Yellen and other officials have said they expect a rate hike will be needed by the end of this year, but two Fed governors last week urged caution.

Dudley told CorrierEconomia that it would be a “big mistake” to ignore the fact that the global economy is growing only moderately.

The economic insert of Corriere della Sera also quoted Dudley as saying that the Federal Reserve had to look at the global picture but the state of the U.S. economy remained key.

“For me there are some data that have greater importance … for example we need to see a bigger improvement in the U.S. labor market.”

via Reuters

This article is for general information purposes only. It is not investment advice or a solution to buy or sell securities. Opinions are the authors; not necessarily that of OANDA Corporation or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers or directors. Leveraged trading is high risk and not suitable for all. You could lose all of your deposited funds.

Alfonso Esparza

Alfonso Esparza

Senior Currency Analyst at Market Pulse
Alfonso Esparza specializes in macro forex strategies for North American and major currency pairs. Upon joining OANDA in 2007, Alfonso Esparza established the MarketPulseFX blog and he has since written extensively about central banks and global economic and political trends. Alfonso has also worked as a professional currency trader focused on North America and emerging markets. He has been published by The MarketWatch, Reuters, the Wall Street Journal and The Globe and Mail, and he also appears regularly as a guest commentator on networks including Bloomberg and BNN. He holds a finance degree from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) and an MBA with a specialization on financial engineering and marketing from the University of Toronto.
Alfonso Esparza


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66966619.jpgWal-Mart Stores Inc., Supervalu Inc., Walgreen Co., Kroger Co. and Safeway are pulling 12.5-ounce cans of Enfamil Newborn powdered infant formula with the lot number ZP1K7G after a Missouri newborn who consumed it apparently died of Cronobacter sakazakii.

According to news reports, ten-day-old Avery Cornett died Sunday after getting sick several days earlier in Lebanon, Missouri. Preliminary hospital tests indicated he died of a rare infection caused by bacteria known as Cronobacter sakazakii.

A second infant fell ill late last month after consuming several different types of powdered baby formula, but that child recovered, health officials said. The state health agency in Illinois, where the child lives, is investigating that case.

The incidents also prompted Illinois authorities in Madison County Missouri to test for the infection in a 25-day-old infant girl from Granite City who died Wednesday.

About Cronobacter sakazakii, formerly Enterobacter sakazakii

Sakazakii(1)(1).jpgEnterobacter sakazakii was first described as a new bacterial species in 1980, and over a hundred scientific papers have been written about it. From 1980 to 2007 it was known as Enterobacter sakazakii, but in 2007 there was a proposal to reclassify it into a new genus Cronobacter as Cronobacter sakazakii. (1) For simplicity and for the reasons mentioned later, this discussion will continue to use the original name Enterobacter sakazakii. The proposed alternative classification is given as a section at the end and includes a discussion of the problems and the need for future studies.

Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium classified in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It has been isolated from three types of infection — devastating meningitis in very young babies (neonates), bacteremia (blood steam infection) in older babies, and a wide variety of infections (or colonization) in older babies, children and adults. The majority of infections reported in the peer-reviewed literature have described neonates—newborn infants, including premature infants, post-mature infants, and full-term newborns—with sepsis, meningitis, or necrotizing enterocolitis. (2) Although it has been isolated from cases of necrotizing enterocolitis, its causative role is unclear. (3)

Reported outcomes in neonatal meningitis are often severe: seizures; brain abscess; hydrocephalus; developmental delay; and death in as many as 40%–80% of cases. Premature infants are thought to be at greater risk than more mature infants, other children, or adults, and outbreaks have occurred in hospital units for newborns. (3)

Although E. sakazakii can cause illness in all age groups, infants are believed to be at greatest risk of infection and E. sakazakii was first implicated in a case of neonatal meningitis in 1958 (before the organism was given a scientific name). Since that time, around 70 cases of E. sakazakii infection have been reported, but it is likely that is the number of cases is significantly under-reported in all countries and the incidence is probably higher. (4)

Experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) met in 2004 to summarize information, and develop international guidelines and educational messages regarding E. sakazakii. The meeting confirmed that there is very little known about virulence factors and pathogenicity of this bacterium. Like other bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, differences in virulence among E. sakazakii may exist, and it is possible that strains are less or non-pathogenic. Work done by Pagotto et al. (2003) was the first describing putative virulence factors for E. sakazakii. Enterotoxin-like compounds were produced by some strains, but not all. Using tissue cultures, some strains produced a cytotoxic effect. Two strains (out of 18 isolates) were capable of causing death in suckling mice by the peroral (administered by mouth) route. (5)

Mortality rates from E. sakazakii infection were once reported to be 50 percent, but this figure has declined to under 20 percent in recent years. Significant morbidity in the form of neurological deficits can result from infection, especially among those with bacterial meningitis and cerebritis (inflammation of the cerebrum of the brain). While the disease is usually responsive to antibiotic therapy, a number of authors have reported increasing antibiotic resistance to drugs commonly used for initial treatment of suspected Enterobacter infection. Long-term neurologic sequelae are well recognized. (5)

Enterobacter sakazakii kills 40%–80% of infected infants. In 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed literature for reports of E. sakazakii and analyzed 46 cases of invasive infant infection to define risk factors and guide prevention and treatment. Of the 46 cases analyzed, twelve infants had bacteremia, 33 had meningitis, and 1 had a urinary tract infection. Compared with infants with isolated bacteremia, infants with meningitis had higher birth weight (2,454 grams vs. 850 grams, with a probability value, p = 0.002) and longer gestational age (37 weeks vs. 27.8 weeks, p = 0.02), and infection developed at a younger age (6 days vs. 35 days, p<0.001). Among meningitis patients, 11 (33%) had seizures, 7 (21%) had brain abscess, and 14 (42%) died. (3)

Although E. sakazakii has been isolated from all age groups, infants (children less than 1 year) are at most risk. The groups of infants at greatest risk include pre-term infants, low-birth-weight (less than 2.5 kilograms) infants or immunocompromised infants. However, infants who are compromised for any other reason may also be at greater risk of E. sakazakii infection. Infants of HIV-positive mothers are at risk because they may be immunocompromised, and may specifically require powdered infant formula. (4)

In 2006, an FAO/WHO expert working group concluded that neonates and infants under two months are at greatest risk. Research has shown that premature infants who develop bacteremia after one month of age and term infants who develop meningitis during the neonatal period are still more at risk. (4)

In the United States, an incidence rate of 1 per 100,000 infants for E. sakazakii infection has been reported. This incidence rate increases to 9.4 per 100,000 in infants of very low birth weight, i.e. less than 1.5 kilograms. (4)

While the source of every E. sakazakii infection was not conclusively shown, a growing number of reports have established powdered infant formula as the source (vehicle) of infection. In several investigations of E. sakazakii outbreaks that occurred among neonates in neonatal intensive care units, investigators were able to show both epidemiological and microbiological associations between infection and the consumption of powdered infant formula. These investigations included cohort studies, which implicated infant formula as the cause of the outbreaks. In addition, there was no evidence of infant-to-infant or environmental transmission; all cases had consumed the implicated formula. The stomach of newborns, especially of premature babies, is less acidic than that of adults: a possible important factor contributing to infection with E. sakazakii in infants. (5)

Limited information was available on the numbers of E. sakazakii organisms that ill patients were exposed to in any of the various outbreaks and it is therefore not possible to develop a dose-response curve for E. sakazakii to establish the “infectious dose.” However, it is possible that a small number of cells present in powdered infant formula can cause illness. (4)

Unfortunately it is not possible to manufacture powdered infant formula to be completely free of E. sakazakii contamination, and even very low levels of contamination are of great concern as an infection risk. In a study of the prevalence of E. sakazakii contamination in 141 powdered infant formulas, 20 were found culture-positive, yet all met the microbiological specifications of the current Codex code for coliform counts in powdered infant formula (less than 3 bacteria per gram). Powdered infant formula that was contaminated with E. sakazakii has been linked to outbreaks. (5)

Outbreaks of E. sakazakii have also occurred in which the investigators have failed to identify lapses in formula preparation procedures. Thus, it seems that neither high levels of contamination nor lapses in preparation hygiene are necessary to cause infection from E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula. Lapses in technique in preparing formula and extended holding at non-refrigerated temperatures can lead to increases in the levels of E. sakazakii contamination at the time of consumption. However, it is not possible to assess the contribution of these factors have on the cases that have been associated with powdered infant formula that contained low levels of E. sakazakii. Thus it must be currently assumed that low levels of E. sakazakii in infant formula (less than 3 cfu/100 g) can lead to infections. (5) These microbiological standards do not consider that E. sakazakii can be present in the form of large pieces of biofilm rather than as individual cells.

The April 12th 2002 issue of CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report described a fatal case of meningitis in an intensive care nursery in Tennessee. The infecting organism was E. sakazakii – an unusual but often fatal invasive pathogen. In the fatal Tennessee case, the infection was traced to powdered infant formula contaminated with E. sakazakii. Other infants in the same nursery were screened for E sakazakii. Of 49 screened infants 10 were infected or colonized (1 proven infection, 2 possible infections, and 7 colonizations). This report showed a direct link to unopened powdered infant formula contaminated with E. sakazakii for the first time. The manufacturer voluntarily recalled the contaminated batch of powdered formula shown to be the source. (6)

In 2004, powdered infant formula was microbiologically linked to two E. sakazakii outbreaks, in New Zealand and in France. The French outbreak involved nine cases, and resulted in the death of two infants. Eight of the cases were in premature infants of low birth weight (less than 2 kg) and one case was in an infant born at 37 weeks and weighing 3.25 kg. The outbreak involved five hospitals, and a review of practices in the hospitals revealed that one hospital was not following recommended procedures for the preparation, handling, and storage of feeding bottles. Four hospitals were storing reconstituted formula for more than 24 hours in domestic-type refrigerators, with no temperature control or traceability. (4)

The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) points out that powdered infant formulas are not commercially sterile products. Powdered milk-based infant formulas are heat-treated during processing, but unlike liquid formula products they are not subjected to high temperatures for sufficient time to make the final packaged product commercially sterile. FDA has noted that infant formulas nutritionally designed for consumption by premature or low birth weight infants are available only in commercially sterile liquid form. However, so-called “transition” infant formulas that are generally used for premature or low birth weight infants after hospital discharge are available in both non-sterile powder form and sterile liquid form. Some other specialty infant formulas are only available as a non-sterile powder. (2)

The FDA has become increasingly aware that a substantial percentage of premature neonates in neonatal intensive care units are being fed non-sterile powdered infant formula products. In light of the epidemiological findings and the fact that powdered infant formulas cannot be manufactured free of dangerous microbial pathogens, FDA recommends that powdered infant formulas not be used in neonatal intensive care settings unless there is no alternative available. If the only option available to address the nutritional needs of a particular infant is a powdered formula, risks of infection can be reduced by:

• Preparing only a small amount of reconstituted formula for each feeding to reduce the quantity and time that formula is held at room temperature for consumption;

• Recognizing differences in infant formula preparation among hospitals—individual facilities should identify and follow procedures appropriate for that institution to minimize microbial growth in infant formulas;

• Minimizing the holding time, whether at room temperature or while under refrigeration, before a reconstituted formula is fed; and

• Minimizing the “hang-time” (i.e., the amount of time a formula is at room temperature in the feeding bag and accompanying lines during enteral tube feeding), with no “hang-time” exceeding 4 hours. Longer times should be avoided because of the potential for significant microbial growth in reconstituted infant formula. (2)

WHO recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Thereafter, to meet their evolving nutritional requirements, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond (WHO/UNICEF, 2003). It is important to support breastfeeding and promote its benefits to infants and young children. (4)

There are, however, instances where breast milk is not available, where the mother is unable to breastfeed, where they have made an informed decision not to breastfeed, or where breastfeeding is not appropriate i.e. when the mother is taking medication that is contraindicated for breastfeeding or when the mother is HIV-positive. Similarly, some very low-birth-weight babies may not be able to breastfeed directly, and in some cases expressed breast milk may not be available at all or available in insufficient quantities. Infants who are not breastfed require a suitable breast-milk substitute, for example, an infant formula prepared in accordance with the present guidelines. WHO Guidelines for infant formula preparation, storage, and handling (2007), in both care settings and at home, are specified at http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/powdered infant formula (4)

In January 2006, a second meeting (after the initial one in 2004) of experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) took place to summarize information, and develop international guidelines and educational messages. The meeting participants first re-endorsed the recommendations made by the 2004 FAO/WHO meeting on this issue. The additional recommendations made by the expert meeting to member countries included the following:

• Develop prevention strategies for E. sakazakii infections caused by contaminated powdered infant formula that address the different stages of production and preparation and use of powdered infant formula, taking into consideration the risk to infants? Both within and beyond the neonatal period and of any immune status.

• Develop educational messages on the safe handling, storage and use of powdered infant formula, including the health hazards of inappropriate preparation and use; target healthcare workers, parents and other caregivers, in both hospitals and the community, since E. sakazakii infections have occurred in hospital and home settings.

• Review and revise product labels, as appropriate, to enable caregivers to handle, store and use the product safely, and to make clear the health hazards of inappropriate preparation.

• Encourage member countries to establish surveillance and rapid response networks, and facilitate coordinated investigation by clinicians, laboratory workers, and public health and regulatory officials, to enable the timely recognition and cessation of outbreaks of illness associated with E. sakazakii and the identification of contaminated powdered infant formula. (7)

(1) US FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration]. Health professionals letter on Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with use of powdered (dry) infant formulas in neonatal intensive care units. 2002. Available from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/InfantFormula/AlertsSafetyInformation/ucm111299.htm.

(2) Bowen AB, Braden CR. Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12(8): 1185-1189. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no08/05-1509.htm.

(3) WHO [World Health Organization], FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. Guidelines for safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula. 2007. Available from

(4) WHO [World Health Organization]. Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula. MRA Series 6, 2004. Available from http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/mra6/en/index.html.

(5) CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula-Tennessee, 2001. MMWR, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51(14):298-300. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5114a1.htm.

(6) WHO [World Health Organization]. Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella in powdered infant formula: Meeting report. MRA Series 10, 2006. Available from http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/mra10/en/index.html.

(7) Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, et. al. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies I. BMC Evol Biol 2007; Apr 17;7:64.

Note:  Reclassification of Enterobacter sakazakii

Both the original 1980 study and subsequent studies noted heterogeneity in the species E. sakazakii. Recently Iversen and co-workers proposed that E. sakazakii be reclassified in a new genus Cronobacter which was defined to have four named species, one unnamed species, and five named subspecies (7):

Cronobacter sakazakii
Cronobacter sakazakii subspecies sakazakii
Cronobacter sakazakii subspecies malonaticus
Cronobacter dublinensis
Cronobacter dublinensis subspecies dublinensis
Cronobacter dublinensis subspecies lactaridi
Cronobacter dublinensis subspecies lausanensis
Cronobacter muytjensii
Cronobacter turicensis
Cronobacter genomospecies 1 (a distinct species, but unnamed)

This proposal was based on sound scientific evidence and is generally being accepted by the scientific community. However, the new proposed raises several issues and problems. The first problem is that only a few laboratories in the world have the expertise and resources to identify bacterial isolated to this precise level. Almost all hospital laboratories use commercial identification systems, which cannot identify strains to the level of species/subspecies as given above. Even Dr, Matthew Arduino’s laboratory at CDC does not identify strains of the Enterobacter sakazakii – Cronobacter group to the species and subspecies level.

The second problem is that all of the paper that have been written about E. sakazakii need to be re-evaluated in the light of the new knowledge of the study of Iversen and co-workers. Until these problems are solved, precise names should be used that do not overstate what was actually found by laboratory identification methods. For example, the statement “Enterobacter sakazakii was isolated from the intestine of a fruit fly caught in the kitchen of the case.” would be replaced by one of the following statements: “An isolate of Cronobacter species was isolated from the intestine of a fruit fly caught in the kitchen of the case.” or “An isolate of the Enterobacter sakazakii – Cronobacter complex was isolated from the intestine of a fruit fly caught in the kitchen of the case.” All isolates of the Enterobacter sakazakii – Cronobacter complex need to be studied by experts who can identify them precisely. This would lead to corrections in the literature and correction about our knowledge of this group. One theoretical result of this needed retrospective analysis would be:

“The organism that Farmer isolated in 1978 from his dog’s water bowl (CDC strain designation: 1167-78) and originally identified as E. sakazakii biogroup 3 has been retested. The revised identification of this strain is Cronobacter dublinensis subspecies lactaridi* based on the following criteria … .” Or whatever the revised identification turns out to be.  Many additional studies of this complex group of organisms are needed to define its ecology, epidemiology and role in human infections. Until these studies are done, all laboratory results and literature reports should be interpreted critically and with due caution.


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Sheraton Grand Sydney Hyde Park

161 Elizabeth Street, Sydney 2000 Australia
+61 2 9286 6000

City Side Room Guest room, 2 Twin/Single Bed(s)

Check Room Rates & Availability

Room Overview

Room Features

  • 40sqm/430sqft
  • Air-conditioned
  • This room is non-smoking
  • Walk-in closet
  • Windows, soundproof
  • Hooks
  • USB Outlets

Hospitality Services

  • Newspaper delivered to room on request

Accessible Room Features

  • This room type offers mobility accessible rooms
  • This room type offers accessible rooms with roll in showers
  • This room type does not offer hearing accessible rooms

Room Amenities

In-room Media

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Property Management Specialists

Boutique Real Estate Agency

Welcome to Marshall SA Real Estate.  We are a privately owned boutique real estate agency specialising in property sales and management of investment properties throughout greater metropolitan Adelaide. Having been in the real estate industry for more than three decades, we pride ourselves on consistently providing absolute customer satisfaction.

Property Management

At Marshall SA, we recognise the potential of the Greater Adelaide metropolitan area, the most populated part of South Australia.  Our business is to assist property owners, investors, and tenants who wish to live and work in this vibrant city. Marshall SA takes pride in offering personalised property management services with a boutique feel. Your success is our success so expect that your needs will be given the close attention they deserve.  Allow us to be your partner in ensuring the expected  returns on your property investment. Let our efficient, thorough and reliable property management services deliver the exact results you require and need.

Property Sales

Sell your property through the boutique residential property sales services of Marshall SA and get exceptional results. Marshall SA specialises in residential property sales as well as property management in greater metropolitan Adelaide. We have been successfully selling homes for almost three decades and we’re committed to continually provide property sellers with honest, convenient and stress-free services. Regardless if you have a townhouse, a single detached property or a unit, Marshall SA and its dedicated sales team can facilitate a smooth and efficient sale. At Marshall SA, you can count on our well-trained staff working on your behalf to give you the best possible result.