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Full disclosure: I’m going into this one entirely cold. I’ve seen and heard enough of The Purge to know that I’m not interested in a mediocre “home invasion” film with a premise that makes no sense. So I haven’t seen the first film and I passed on the sequel.

I was going to skip this movie as well, but the reviews for it have been surprisingly solid. Moreover, given all the violence that’s been dominating our headlines in recent weeks, the timing for The Purge: Election Year seems uncanny. It is, after all, a franchise in which killing each other with impunity for 12 hours every year leads to a stronger and more peaceful America.

I still have no idea how that makes any plausible sense, but it works quite well as an allegory for the state of our nation right now.

In theory, the Purge is supposed to act as a release valve for the various divisions between Americans (ie: political differences, gang violence, bigotry, etc.). In practice, the Purge only deepens those divisions by emboldening those who thrive on conflict. It gives both sides a legitimate way to give into their baser instincts and quite literally kill the opposition instead of only doing it metaphorically.

What’s more, the Purge gives citizens a chance to act out their big Hero Fantasy. Everybody secretly thinks they’re a hero just waiting for their Call to Adventure, and the Purge offers no shortage of perceived villains to overcome. The Purge also plays into the glorification of martyrdom. Look at the various mass shooters we’ve had recently, and you’ll find that quite a few of them were men’s rights activists, racists, religious terrorists, etc. There’s always been a kind of perceived nobility in believing for some cause to the point where someone will die for it and/or kill for it. With the Purge, everyone is free — socially pressured, in fact — to indulge in that delusion.

The Purge is the ultimate fate of a society that cultivates fear and paranoia. A nation in which we’re supposed to be constantly terrified of the very real possibility that the person sitting next to you could pull out a gun or a bomb and destroy everyone in shouting distance within seconds and without any warning. More than that, it’s the logical conclusion of what happens if we give in to entropy and lean into the violence, rather than take steps to tamp down on it.

Furthermore, while the wealthy and powerful have the option to hide in their bunkers with armies of bodyguards, nobody else has that option. This naturally means that those who die in the Purge are mostly the poor, the disabled, the elderly, and those among racial minorities. This in turn means that there’s less money going into social security, welfare programs, affirmative action, and so on, to say nothing of all the brown people who are too dead to vote or run for office. Meanwhile, the weapons manufacturers and insurance companies are taking advantage of the annual holiday to make billions. To say nothing of the “murder tourists” who are bringing in money from other countries just so they can join in the 12 hours of bloodshed.

The upshot is that the whole nation gets whiter as the rich get richer and the poor get killed off. But there’s too much money for the bourgeoisie to make, and the proletariat are having too much fun killing each other for various reasons, so getting rid of the Purge seems to be a political impossibility. But that hasn’t stopped people from trying.

Senator Charlie Roan (Elizabeth Mitchell) is an idealist who’s running for president on a platform of abolishing the Purge. She’s all about hope and change, and her brand of optimism has built up quite a following. But there are also several voters who won’t support her, either because they don’t think she can win or because they’ve grown too cynical about politics to think she’ll actually deliver on her promises.

There are so many layers to how this premise is used in a way that satirizes the current American sociopolitical climate. And the film is exceedingly blunt in delivering its messages, which can be a double-edged sword.

Being blunt can be an effective way of conveying a message, especially when it’s presented with some other form of entertainment (ie: comedy, allegory, etc.) to sugar-coat the pill. But being blunt is anathema to character development, as characters become one-dimensional vehicles to express certain viewpoints rather than credible and sympathetic human beings. It’s also a dealbreaker for horror, as building up atmosphere, crafting a perfectly-timed scare, and (again) presenting characters whose fates we can invest in all require a subtle touch.

In summary, what we have here is a picture in which there is a very clear polarization between the good guys and the bad guys, such that there’s never any doubt as to why these people are chasing and shooting at each other and whom we should root for. That’s not a horror film — that’s an action movie. And while the film works far more effectively on those terms, it’s hard not to judge the picture as a horror, because that’s how it was marketed. Moreover, even if the movie fails as a horror, there’s still enough disturbing imagery and cheap jump scares to show that the filmmakers clearly wanted to craft a horror movie.

The Purge: Election Year has elements of an intellectual pitch-black sociopolitical satire, a brainless action flick, and a horror movie. If the filmmakers had stuck with any one of those, or maybe even two of the three, they might have been able to pull that off. But trying to take on all three at once resulted in something that is sadly less than the sum of its parts. What we’re left with is something that’s far more notable for its novel ideas and its bold approach to huge issues, rather than its forgettable action scenes, bland scares, and cellophane characters. Though the movie is a fantastic showcase for Frank Grillo (here playing the senator’s chief bodyguard), no doubt about that.

I was very deeply impressed with how such a boneheaded premise could be used to deliver so much incisive social commentary. But the rest of the film around that commentary leaves me with very little worth recommending.

For more Movie Curiosities, check out my blog. I’m also on Facebook and Twitter.


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God with Us

God With Us is an anthology of Bible studies, prayers, reflections, poems, hymns and song suggestions, activities for youth groups and other ways to include worship and prayer on the theme of refugees and migration. This could be for churches that have a particular ministry to asylum seekers and refugees, and to any church wishing to mark Sanctuary Sunday, the Sunday which marks the end of Refugee Week.

Bible studies will be led by

Fiona Kendall is a mission partner shared by the Church of Scotland, Methodist Church in Britain, and Global Ministries (UCC/Disciples). She works with the Mediterranean Hope project, set up by the Federation of Protestant Churches in Italy to work for and on behalf of migrants. Fiona supports MH's front-line teams through her policy and advocacy work.

Anne Ross is a Lutheran minister from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria, Germany, seconded to the Church of Scotland. Together with Fiona, David and others she was involved in creating the resource ‘God With Us’.

David Bradwell was from 2015-2020 Co-ordinator of Scottish Faiths Action for Refugees. He is a member of the Church of Scotland and currently works in the Church’s national office staff team with responsibility for parliamentary and political affairs.

How to register

To join us on these online Bible Studies as we explore the ‘God With Us’ resource, click on the links below to register for your chosen date. After registering for each date, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining each meeting.

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Click for COVID-19 Advisories and Travel Updates.

Visual Arts

A visit to Cincinnati & Northern Kentucky is a pilgrimage for visual arts lovers. View masterpieces – and visit venues – that range from classical to cutting-edge, large-scale to intimate, indoors and even outdoors.

Discover Art Masterpieces at Cincinnati Region Museums

Immerse yourself in the expansive Cincinnati Art Museum—with one of the most comprehensive collections that includes more than 67,000 works of art, you’ll discover everything from famous European masterworks to hundreds of rare musical instruments. Plus, the museum offers free admission. For a more intimate art experience, visit the Taft Museum of Art, renowned for being one of the finest small art museums in America. Modern art lovers must see the Contemporary Arts Center, a groundbreaking institution that exhibits the work of contemporary progressive artists. The Weston Art Gallery, inside Aronoff Center for the Arts, is acclaimed for its eclectic mix of emerging and professional artists. Check out more places serving up a feast for the eyes in our must-see museums list.

You don’t have to stay indoors to discover stunning artworks. Walk through the region and you’ll come across more than 100 colorful and cool public murals. Start with a walking tour of 10 must-see murals in Cincinnati to get a taste. Or tour on your own to find architectural wonders like Carew Tower—where you can take in panoramic views of the region from the observation deck—and Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, a National Historic Landmark whose Art Deco exterior is the largest half-dome in the western hemisphere.

Trip Ideas and Inspiration


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Transport / Mass transit

There are bedbugs on the New York subway

As we at CityMetric know all too well, bed bugs are not pleasant creatures. They bite, they itch, and they spread indiscriminately to clothes, luggage, and even books. Worst of all, once they get into your house, it’s remarkably difficult to get rid of them again.

Lately, they’ve strayed even further afield. On 31 August, the New York Daily News reported that, since the beginning of that month, there had been 21 sightings of the insects on New York’s subways. Joe Costales, chairman of the local Transport Workers Union, told the paper that there have been occasional sightings in transit workers’ lodgings before, but now “it’s throughout the system”.

These stats didn’t come from the Metropolitan Transit Authority itself: the News got them from unnamed “transit sources”. They’ve also responded somewhat tersely to the news. Spokesman Adam Lisberg said:

More than 5.8 million people ride 8,000 subway trains on an average weekday, but the MTA has found no bedbug infestations on any trains, and has found and treated bedbugs on only 16 trains.”

White papers from our partners

He did, however, add that a “specialist expert” has been called in to review the situation.

If you plan to take your chances and continue to ride the bug-infested trains, here’s a quick breakdown of where the bugs have been spotted on individual lines (three sightings were in MTA crew rooms, so we haven’t included them here):

Might be a good idea to avoid the N line for a while.

This article is from the CityMetric archive: some formatting and images may not be present.


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CITY SOCIAL CLUB                           MEETUP GROUP IN OKC

Single Blind Date for Ages 21- 40 in OKC - Open Registration

  • 12 Oct 2018
  • 6:30 PM
  • Oklahoma City

Registration is closed

This is an Open Registration for a Traditional Single Blind Date that will be in Oklahoma City for a man and a woman between the ages of 21 and 40.

The definition of this Blind Date is that you won't know the identity of your date until you meet him/her at the event location.

There is no pressure for romance during these dates, and you do not need to be a member of the City Social Club Matchmaking Service to attend this event.

Each member is responsible for paying for their own meal on the date.

Due to the fact that there is not a hostess at the event, all event fees must be paid prior to the event using a credit card. This event is open to the public.

You will be contacted by e-mail two hours prior to the beginning event time and notified if the event is cancelled.

If the event is cancelled, you will be given an option of keeping your event fee as a credit, or having it refunded to you.

Please contact Eileen Eleftherakis at (405) 612-7408 with any questions.

The Event Location, which is a low to medium priced restaurant in Oklahoma City, will be e-mailed to attendees once the event fees have been paid.

© City Social Club
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08/03/21 [Liberia] Day 13: The Hearing of Witnesses 15, 16, and 17

The thirteenth day of public hearings resumed on 8 March 2021 in Monrovia, Liberia.

Witness 15 is heard

(Finnish Witness ID: Civilian 79)

The Defense questions the Witness

The Witness began her testimony by explaining how she became involved in the Finnish police’s investigation. The Witness explained that she went to the Red Light Market, where she saw her friend, [FNM-058], who sold goods in Waterside with the Witness before the incident. [FNM-058] later called her and explained that a man, later identified as [Employee 1], had asked her if she had been in Waterside during the incident, and that white people wanted to know about it. [FNM-058] gave the Witness’s number to the man, who later contacted her for an interview. Witness 15 told the man she was scared, but he told her there was nothing to be afraid of, as the people “just want to ask questions.”

The Witness recalled telling the white people about the incident at Waterside, explaining that she lived in Paynesville, a suburb of Monrovia, and used to go to Waterside very early in the morning to sell goods. One day, upon arriving in Waterside, she heard the sound of gunfire coming from every direction. She later clarified that the shooting was coming from Waterside towards West Point, where the fighting was concentrated. She and [FNM-014] tried to run away, but some people – later described as soldiers –  grabbed and captured her. The Witness recalled how, as she was trying to escape, she was still carrying goods on her head in a plastic bag, and how it fell when she was grabbed. The soldiers dragged her and [FNM-014] towards West Point and under the bridge, where there was a small house in which the group was based. The Witness described having seen people being beaten and killed all around her, and she saw dead bodies everywhere. She later noted that the soldiers were firing as they were taking the captives to West Point.

The soldiers ordered Witness 15 to drink dirty water from a puddle. The Witness began to cry, and one of the men told the others, “Y’all carry this woman, y’all send her to heaven.” The Witness noted that the man identified himself by saying, “I, Angel Gabriel, sent them to heaven! When y’all go, tell God I sent you.” The soldiers then beat her with the butt of a gun, and she cried out in her dialect, “God here am I!” This caught the attention of one of the soldiers who was standing in front of “Angel Gabriel”. He asked her what dialect she had just spoken, to which the Witness responded that it was Gio. He then asked the Witness if she knew who he was. After Witness 15 said she did not, the man introduced himself as “Devil Working-God Working.” He turned to the man identified as “Angel Gabriel” and told him that she had spoken in his dialect. Devil Working-God Working then asked “Angel” to let the Witness go. The Witness recalled that Angel said, “I say let the woman go to heaven” and told her to tell God that he sent her. The soldiers then began kicking her and telling her to leave the area. The Witness started running away and saw many dead and dying as she escaped. When asked who killed these people, the Witness noted that she saw a man giving orders, but that it was the soldiers who were killing people. The Witness clarified that she did not see this man kill anyone, but that he had hit her with the butt of his gun. The Witness confirmed she did not see the man doing anything with the dead bodies.

The Witness believed that the man’s soldiers were the ones shooting as they were all around him. She did not recall any other troops around the area. When questioned whether she knew the names “RUF”, “LURD” or “LURD Rebels”, she stated that she did not know RUF, but had heard of LURD rebels. The witness did not know with what group the troops shooting and beating people were affiliated, but noted that the uniform worn by the man giving orders was grey and black with a white shirt.

The Prosecution questions Witness 15

The Prosecution began by questioning the Witness about the man who was giving orders during the incident. Witness 15 explained that the man who beat her with the butt of the gun was also giving orders, and that Devil Working-God Working called him “Gabriel.” She added that “Gabriel” also referred to himself as “Angel Michael.” The Witness explained that this man was giving orders to kill people, to send people to heaven, and that the men killed [FNM-014] before reaching West Point. The Witness recalled this event taking place between 2000 and 2001, around the end of 2000. Finally, the Witness was asked whether she remembered the man who had initially contacted her via her friend, [FNM-058]. She stated that the man’s name was [Employee 1]. The Witness confirmed that she and [FNM-058] were in Waterside at the same time. She did not know what happened to [FNM-058] after they scattered during the shooting, and they only met later on.

The Defense questions Witness 15 further

The Witness stated that she and [FNM-058] had spoken on the phone, the morning of the incident, about going to Waterside. In response to questioning as to whether Witness 15 and [FNM-058] had ever discussed the incident before talking to [Employee 1] , the Witness stated [FNM-058] gave her number to [Employee 1]. The Defense pressed the point,  asking whether, in the past twenty years, Witness 15 and [FNM-058] had ever discussed the incident. Witness 15 confirmed that they used to be together, but had not thought about that time.

The Defense then asked whether “Angel” did anything other than give orders during the incident. The Witness stated that he was beating people and giving orders to “Fire the man! Fire the woman!” The Defense asked again whether the Witness had seen him doing anything to the dead bodies. After confirming she had not, the Defense noted that the Witness had previously told the Finnish police, in 2019, that “the commander took from the dead people stomach, intestines, and made it out of checkpoint.” The Witness stated that she was human and had forgotten this detail, but clarified that she had indeed seen the man take intestines from a body and “made a checkpoint out of it,” which she clarified was a line in the road indicating where people should not cross.

The Witness recalled this incident as taking place in early 2001. The Defense noted that she told the Finnish police that it might have taken place in April or May 2002, between the dry and rainy seasons. The Witness reaffirmed that the incident took place in early 2001, and referenced the different parts of the war: WW1, WW2, and WW3. She believed that the incident was in connection to the war that occurred in 2000. She attributed the discrepancies in her interview and testimony to nerves before the interview, and that she has now had more time to think.

The Defense then questioned Witness 15’s understanding of the groups involved in the incident. Reading from the summary of the earlier police interview, the Defense noted that the Witness had stated to the Finnish police that there were two groups present at the time: government troops in Waterside, and LURD on the other side of the bridge in Vai Town. The Witness recalled that she had indeed said that “Angel Gabriel” and his people were at the end of the bridge near Waterside, and “other people” were on the other side of the bridge in Vai Town. The Defense pressed the issue of whether it was “LURD” on the other side. The Witness added that, although she did not know the differences between these groups, she knew the man that took her under the bridge. The Defense noted that the Witness had also told the Finnish police that she had heard about RUF being part of the government’s troops, and that “Angel Gabriel” was their commander. The Witness noted that she may have forgotten this. The Defense then asked the Witness if she knew any other names of RUF members. She stated that, besides “Angel Gabriel,” who she also named as “Angel Gabriel Massaquoi,” she did not. At the Defense’s prompting, the Witness recalled that she had given two other names of RUF fighters to the Finnish police, Benjamin Yeaten and a soldier, [FNM-106 ]. Witness 15 had heard of the names during the war, and said they were from Nimba County.

Witness 16 is heard

(Finnish Witness ID: Civilian 69)

The Prosecution questions Witness 16

The Witness began his testimony by recalling the Waterside incident. He explained that he went to Waterside one day to purchase goods. There was significant commotion at Waterside when he arrived; people were looting and nobody was selling. He described the place as “upside down,” explaining that he could only see soldiers and captured civilians. The civilians, including the Witness, were captured and placed in a specific area. The Witness identified the man controlling the soldiers as “Angel Gabriel.” The witness noted that he did not know whether “Angel Gabriel” was this man’s full name or his birth name, but confirmed that he  was the one giving orders. In addition, the witness noted that “Angel Gabriel” did not speak Liberian English.

The Witness then said that the commander would send soldiers to beat people inside the building where they (including Witness 16) were being held. When people were called outside, the Witness said that he could hear guns firing and someone saying, “Go and tell the papay that I sent you.” There were fewer and fewer people left in the building, because the ones being called outside never returned. When the soldiers called the group of people in front of him, the Witness wondered if he would be called outside, too. The Witness explained that he was eventually freed because his grandmother, [FNM-064], was a seller in Waterside and a lot of the soldiers knew her. One of the soldiers, [FNM-107], recognized the Witness. The Witness specified that [FNM-107] was a Liberian soldier who was working with “Angel.” [FNM-107] found a way for the Witness and several other men to escape through the back of the store. The Witness explained that this was the reason he is still counted among the living.

Following the Witness’s explanation of events, the Prosecution asked questions to clarify certain parts of the story. The Witness said he did not know specific names of buildings in Waterside, but later explained that the building where he was held was quite some distance from the bridge, not too close to the river. When asked, the Witness also clarified that he knew the name “Angel Gabriel”, both because the soldiers would shout his name, and because “Angel Gabriel” himself stated his name several times when the shooting took place. Following a question from the Prosecution asking whether Angel Gabriel himself shot a gun, the Witness responded that Angel Gabriel was the one giving orders, and therefore was responsible for the shooting. When asked if he saw corpses once he stepped outside, Witness 16 responded that he left via the back of the building, as he could not go out the front.

The Witness also recalled that the event he described took place in 2001, but noted that he could not  remember the month; he simply thought it had not been during the rainy season. He did not know how old he was at the time, either. When asked about the identities of the soldiers doing the shooting, the Witness stated that he did not believe they were government troops, since he did not believe government troops would kill their own people. The Witness also emphasized that their commander did not speak Liberian English.

Recalling his contact with the Finnish Police, the Witness explained how one of his friends, [FNM-065], asked him about the incident and if he knew anything about it. When the Witness responded that he had been there, his friend told him that there was a group who wanted to know more about what happened. When asked, the Witness confirmed that he has not talked about the incident he recounted with any other organizations.

The Defense questions Witness 16

The Defense began by asking what kind of place the Witness was held in: a store or a building. Witness 16 answered by describing a store where goods are sold. When asked if he had seen [FNM-107] since his escape, the Witness said no, as Monrovia is a big place and the Witness did not live there. He further clarified that [FNM-107] knew his grandmother, [FNM-064], and not his mother, who had died before the incident. The Defense pointed out that in a recording with the Finnish Police, it sounded like the Witness was talking about his mother. Witness 16 responded that his grandmother was the person who raised him, so she was like a mother to him. Later in his testimony, the Witness stated that [FNM-107] was the only person he knew in Waterside.

When asked about his age during the incident, the Witness responded that he was probably around ten or twelve at that time. After the Defense indicated that, in his police interview, the Witness had stated he was ten or eleven, the Witness explained that he was born in the “bush” and only his mother, who had died, would have known his exact age. The Witness further noted that the incident happened in 2001, explaining that he knew the date because in 2000 they left his hometown of Nile in Bong County, and tried to make a living in Waterside the following year.

The Prosecution interjected and asked the Witness to explain his interview with the Finnish police. The Witness stated that he was asked if he knew anything about what happened in Waterside in 2001, and if he remembered which year it happened.

The Defense resumed its questioning and asked the Witness about the police interview, particularly whether he felt worried or scared. The Witness confirmed that it was his first time seeing these people, so he did not feel “free to talk.”

The Defense pointed out that, during the interview with the Finnish police, the Witness had stated that the incident occurred either in February or March 2002. The Witness stated that it might have been possible, but could not remember exactly. However, the Witness was clear that it was impossible for the incident to have occurred in 2003 or 2004, as he was not in Monrovia at the time. Less than a year after the incident, the Witness moved from Monrovia back to Nile.

When asked if there was a war going on at the time of the Waterside incident, Witness 16 answered that there was no real war, but everything was “upside down.” He went on to explain that he did not know anything about the wars, only that the Waterside incident happened in 2001. The Defense pointed out that the Finnish police’s summary of the interview stated that the Witness had indicated that WW2 was in 2001. The Witness said he could not remember, and could not be expected to know the exact time.

The Witness also expressed familiarity with both ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J, but did not know the difference between them. He had also heard about LURD, since many people used to say “LURD rebels.” However, the Witness was unable to tell if they were in Monrovia at the time, since he did not fight in the war, stating only that he knew they used to “cause trouble.”

At this point, the Prosecution interjected briefly to ask Witness 16 if he had been alone at Waterside, or if he saw anyone he knew there. Witness 16 responded that he only remembered knowing one person: the man who rescued him, [FNM-107]. The Prosecution asked if he knew someone named “J” to which Witness 16 answered yes, that person helped him escape.

The Defense resumed questioning, asking how Witness 16 knew [FNM-107]’s name was “J.” The Witness said he knew it from his grandmother. Defense then pointed out that when the Witness had spoken to the Finnish police, the Witness had called [FNM-107] a different name, and that the only “J” Witness 16 had mentioned at the time was in reference to a friend who had died in the incident. In response, the Witness stated that people could have different names in different places, and that in Liberia people have different names. The Witness also stated that he had lost many friends during the war, and when the police interviewed him, he only remembered the name that he gave.

Referring back to the conversation with the Finnish police, the Defense noted that the Witness used the name “Angel Gabriel” in his court testimony, but only used the name “Angel” when talking to the Finnish police. The Witness explained that “Angel Gabriel” was his full name, but at the time of the interview he only called him “Angel.” This was because the Witness believed “Angel Gabriel” to be a biblical name, reserved for people who work with God. He also explained that it is possible he told the police the man referred to himself as “Angel Gabriel.”

Witness 17 is heard

(Finnish Witness ID: Civilian 08)

The Defense questions Witness 17

After Witness 17 introduced himself as a medical personnel, Defense asked about his earlier interactions with the Finnish police. Witness 17 explained that he had seen them down at Waterside and had asked them what they were there for. Upon learning that they were interested in wartime events in 2001 and 2002, the Witness took them to the biscuit store that was broken into, as well as to the Housing and Saving Bank on Water Street.

The Defense asked the Witness if he had mentioned the date 20th June 2003 when interviewed by the Finnish Police, to which the Witness agreed.

The Witness went on to describe what happened when he met the Finnish Police: how he had explained to them that there had been shooting at the biscuit store where civilians went to steal. The Witness mentioned seeing two dead bodies at the Housing and Saving Bank, one dead body at the intersection of Mechlin and Water Street, and one dead body at the intersection of Randall and Water Street.

The Witness went on to testify as to what he heard, around 2001 and 2002, from his patients who were wounded in the Waterside incident. As they cried, most of his patients said the name “Massaquoi.” Witness 17 did not know or see “Massaquoi” himself, but any time he treated a wounded person, they would say that name. One of the wounded individuals he treated was a commander, Major Fokoe who told the Witness that he had been protecting civilians so that they could get more food, and while he was protecting them, a group affiliated with Charles Taylor came and shot him. Witness 17 explained that there was no food because the government was not making supplies available and “LURD was on the other side giving government hard time.” Civilians had to find food, which is why they broke into the biscuit store.

The Defense asked the Witness if he could say something about the year 2003, to which the Witness responded that the war was almost over, and he had to pass by the bodies to get to where Major Fokoe lived. Witness 17 said this was between 2002 and 2003. In response to another question from the Defense about what happened in 2003, the Witness mentioned Charles Taylor’s forces taking over Waterside, which the victims told him was around June/July, between 2002 and 2003. The Witness described how he had learned from the wounded he was treating that the incident at the biscuit store happened between 2002 and 2003, and most of the patients had been hiding in their homes because they were afraid to come out.

When the Defense asked if the Witness had been in contact with any other organization, Witness 17 mentioned that MSF Belgium (Médecins Sans Frontières) and Merlin (Medical Emergency Relief International) were on the field, but he was not in contact with them.

The Prosecution questions Witness 17

The Prosecution began by asking what Witness 17 had heard at the biscuit store. The Witness clarified that he had received patients from the incident who had bullet wounds. The Prosecution asked Witness 17 about “Massaquoi” being mentioned by the victims he was helping. The Witness related how the victims had told him that the man was “so wicked” and began to fire at them.

The Prosecution asked what Major Fokoe told the Witness as he was treating him. Witness 17 recalled that Fokoe had called him for help, and said he was shot by a militia group while protecting civilians who were at the biscuit store to buy food. The Witness related that the only name Fokoe mentioned to him was Massaquoi, who Fokoe said was the commander. The Witness recalled that Fokoe had come to him as a patient from 2002 ending in early 2003, having remained as a patient for 3 months.

The Prosecution then asked about the location of the biscuit store, which Witness 17 explained was opposite to the New Bridge; leaving from Vai Town and crossing to Waterside, the biscuit store was on the right, by a light pole.

The Defense resumes questioning Witness 17

The Defense asked about the presence of military troops at Waterside. The Witness explained that Major Fokoe was the commander at the government joint security base in 2001, 2002 and 2003. He stated that the government soldiers were there to protect the civilians, and the militia group used to come and harass civilians and then go. The Witness stated that he did not know whether the militia group also had a base in Waterside at that time, as he was busy treating people

When asked by the Defence about LURD rebels, the Witness responded that they were throwing missiles at them in Waterside including to the hospital where he worked. Witness 17 stated that this occurred in “WW1, WW2,WW3”. When asked by the Defence when this was, the Witness  said that the war really intensified in 2001, 2002, and 2003.

The Defense then asked the Witness specifically about June 2003. The Witness replied that  he had observed fighting on both sides, and in June there was a major attack by both sides because LURD wanted to cross. During this time, the Witness continued to treat people.

The Defence asked the Witness if LURD had attacked Monrovia before June 2003. The Witness answered yes, and explained that this is what they call WW1, WW2, WW3. The Witness clarified that the government was fighting LURD during these “WWs”

The Defense then asked the Witness about something mentioned in the summary from the Finnish police: a letter the Witness wrote in June 2003 to MSF in Mamba Point asking for help.Witness 17 clarified that he had been in West Point when he wrote the letter. The Defense asked if this was during the time the Witnesses’ patients were talking about Massaquoi, to which Witness 17 responded, yes. In response to a question from the Defence whether people were talking about Massaquoi at the same time he wrote the letter, on 20th June, the Witness clarified that he wrote the letter for help when he ran out of his own medicine supply.

The Defence asked the Witness if he knew why they were shooting civilians, and the Witness said the only reason he knew was that civilians were looking for food. When asked by the Defence about having stated in the recording that the army was angry with the civilians because they were turning to LURD, the Witness clarified that he had said that civilians were searching for food, and the militias got angry and said they wanted to turn to LURD.

The Defence noted that the Witness stated in a recording that when he wrote the letter, civilians were looking for food, the army was firing at them and that was Massaquoi, and the first six persons were shot in July 2003. The Witness clarified that this was the narration from the patients.

The Defense then asked whether LURD was in Monrovia when the biscuit store incident occurred. Witness 17 replied that this incident occurred during WW3, which was between 2002 and 2003. The Witness clarified that LURD was in Monrovia at the time of the incident, because from 2002 LURD had attacked Monrovia, retreated, and attacked again. The Defence asked if the Witness thought that the biscuit store incident happened during the first LURD attack, to which the Witness responded that the patients he was treating explained that it happened between 2002 and 2003. When the Defence raised that Witness 17 had written to MSF for help in June 2003, the Witness stated that he was treating patients in 2002 and 2003 with his own medicine, and when he ran out, he wrote to MSF.

The Defense then asked if Witness 17 told the Finnish police about any incident that happened between 2001 and 2002. The Witness replied that he only took them to the bridge and to the E.J. Roye building where there had been snipers shooting in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The Defense noted that in the recording, the Witness said six people were shot in June 2003. The Witness explained that patients had told him, in 2003, that it was done at the biscuit store.The Defense concluded that they would need to review the recording.

At this point, the Judge interrupted the questioning because the Witness needed to leave. Witness 17 will continue his testimony on Tuesday, 16 March 2021.

The hearing concluded and will resume in Monrovia on Tuesday, 9 March 2021.

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First and Last Lines – A Christmas Quiz 2019 – The Answers

If you didn’t see the quiz first time round, then click here, otherwise scroll down for the answers. How many did you get? Be honest now!

First Lines

  1. “Penny for the guy, sir?” Murder in the Mews by Agatha Christie
  2. It began, as a certain man remembered it, in a house in Pompeii. The Black Spectacles (a.k.a. The Problem of the Green Capsule) by John Dickson Carr
  3. “You do see, don’t you, that she’s got to be killed?” Appointment with Death by Agatha Christie
  4. From the very beginning the Khalkis case struck a sombre note. The Greek Coffin Mystery by Ellery Queen
  5. Warbeck Hall is reputed to be the oldest inhabited house in Markshire. An English Murder by Cyril Hare
  6. Lije Baley had just reached his desk when he became aware of R. Sammy watching him expectantly. The Caves of Steel by Isaac Asimov
  7. “Well, the war’s done one good thing at any rate. It’s got rid of all those damned railings.” Murder by Matchlight by E. C. R. Lorac
  8. It all began one day in April when I went round to change a library book. The Colour of Murder by Julian Symons
  9. To the unwary traveller, Didcot signifies the imminence of his arrival at Oxford; to the more experienced, another half-hour at least of frustration. The Case of the Gilded Fly by Edmund Crispin
  10. In this narrative of mine I have departed from my usual practice of relating only those incidents and scenes at which I myself was present. The ABC Murders by Agatha Christie

Last Lines

  1. Pour moi, every time the central heating…” Hercule Poirot’s Christmas by Agatha Christie
  2. “Tell him,” said Pettigrew happily, “to go and stick pins in himself.” With a Bare Bodkin by Cyril Hare
  3. “Just look at those two – actually holding hands! They’re rather sweet, aren’t they? We must do we all we can to make up to them for having such a dull time in the war…” N or M? by Agatha Christie
  4. “I have committed another crime, Hadley,” he said. “I have guessed the truth again.” The Three Coffins (a.k.a. The Hollow Man) by John Dickson Carr
  5. “Woof,” said Bob in energetic assent. Dumb Witness by Agatha Christie
  6.  “Sir, Our client, Lady Buntingford, instructs us most emphatically that she dispatched three undervests-” Smallbone Deceased by Michael Gilbert
  7. For as Mr Ferguson was saying at that minute in Luxor, it is not the past that matters but the future. Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie
  8. “Let’s stab him and see if his ghost can come back and find out who did it.” Cards on the Table by Agatha Christie
  9. In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate… Something like that. Murder in Mesopotamia by Agatha Christie
  10. “That,” I said, “is Joanna’s little joke.” The Moving Finger by Agatha Christie

4 thoughts on “First and Last Lines – A Christmas Quiz 2019 – The Answers”

  1. It seems my score of 11 (6 and 5) wasn’t too bad, although I did look at the checklist and had a couple of lucky guesses.

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Wednesday, June 29, 2011

What I'm Loving Wednesday

This week, I'm loving....

This pillow and these sheets from Pottery Barn. I've been wanting to change out the pillows on the couches in the living room to something more light and summery (they are red and tan damask right now), and these might just fit the bill.Perhaps paired with a couple of solids to break things up. Plus, they're monogrammable! I made that word up. I also lovvvve these sheets with the ruffles. But then again, I love anything with a ruffle. These both may be coming soon to a Ferri household near you...

These precious pajamas from Target. I talked myself out of buying them last week, but I think I've decided they are a summer must-have. Again with the ruffles...

That we have a long weekend coming up with no plans except relaxing and grilling out with friends!

That I am almost done with summer classes! I had my final mediation yesterday, I have my final counseling session next Wednesday (like, I am counseling a client regarding her estate planning, not that I need counseling myself. I mean...never mind), and then I will only have one formal exam to take!

That I wore a maxi dress and flats to work today... and just put my hair up in a clip. After what seems like weeks of meeting with clients and being in suits and heels everyday, it's nice to be comfy. Plus, I can sit Indian style at my desk in a maxi dress. Just kidding. Maybe.
Excuse the really crappy bathroom-at-work photo. And again, with the ruffles...

And as always, I'm loving my sweet husband :) Who supports all of my shopping habits, ruffling, and monogramming listed above.

Join me over with Jamie and count the things that make you smile today! Makes for a much more pleasant Wednesday :)

  1. LOVE ~ LOVE! How about another Caylee Anthony post? I'd love to hear what you are thinking now?

  2. love love love that pillow. i seriously might have to buy it. looks a little 70s, which i love even more.

    im a new follower btw.


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Author Interviews Janae Marks

Cathleen Barnhart interviews Janae Marks for FROM THE DESK OF ZOE WASHINGTON

Headshot: Janae-MarksJanae Marks writes contemporary books for kids and teens. After graduating college with an English Literature degree, she worked in children’s publishing in New York City, where she remembered how much she loved stories for children, and still connected with them – even as an adult. That love only grew when she got an MFA in Writing for Children from The New School. Her middle grade debut FROM THE DESK OF ZOE WASHINGTON will be published on January 14, 2020 by HarperCollins Katherine Tegen Books. She currently lives in Connecticut, and when she’s not writing fiction or working in education, she’s spending time with her husband and daughter – at the beach when it’s warm enough.

From the Desk of Zoe Washington

Cathleen: Hey Janae! I’m so excited that I get to interview you, since we’re (sort of) neighbors and also both HarperCollins authors. Also because I read and loved your book! There’s so much I want to know about your process and your inspirations for this story. I know you’ve already written about how you originally conceived of this novel as a YA story, so I won’t ask you about that here, J.

Janae: Hi Cathleen! I’m so excited to have you interview me.

C: I am curious about how you created Zoe as a character. How much of Zoe comes from who you were in middle school?

J: Zoe and I have a few things in common. To start, we’re both only children, so since we don’t have siblings, our friendships mean a great deal to us. Also, while Zoe’s conflict with Trevor is completely fictional, I did experience friendship trouble back in middle school. In my case, there was a girl who felt threatened by my friendship with my BFF at the time, so she tried to sabotage me and get me kicked out of our friend group. I survived, but talk about drama. That story could be a middle grade book of its own!

Finally, I named Zoe’s dog, Butternut, after my own childhood dog.

C: What were your other inspirations for developing Zoe as a character?

Zoe dreams of being a baker, and she bakes some amazing cupcakes in the novel. You’ve said that you’re not a big baker. Why did you choose this particular passion for Zoe?

J: I’m going to combine these questions because one of my big inspirations for this book led me to make Zoe an aspiring pastry chef. When I want to relax, I love watching cooking and baking competition shows, particularly ones that feature children, like Master Chef Jr. and Food Network’s Kids Baking Championship. The latter show ended up inspiring the Kids Bake Challenge show that Zoe aspires to compete on in the book. What I love about these shows is how passionate and talented the kids are, even at a young age. I wanted to give Zoe a hobby, and add a lighter storyline to balance the heavier themes in the book. Even though I’m not a big baker myself, it was a lot of fun to research bakeries, and write those scenes.

C: What were you passionate about when you were Zoe’s age?

J: When I was Zoe’s age, I was really into musical theater and singing. That passion continued through high school, and I even thought I wanted to major in theater in college. I eventually realized theater wasn’t the right fit, but I still love singing along to music, and watching Broadway shows in NYC when I can.

C: I was so impressed with the story line you developed for Marcus (Zoe’s dad), and how and why he ended up in jail. I felt it was both believable and middle-grade appropriate. How did you go about developing this story line? What kind of research did you do?

J: I knew I wanted to write a story that touched upon the systemic racism within the criminal justice system, as well as wrongful convictions. But I didn’t want the story to focus solely on injustice. I wanted to show Zoe’s growing relationship with Marcus. That’s when I decided to add their back-and-forth letters to the story. I loved writing letters as a kid, and thought young readers would enjoy reading the letters in between the prose.

I decided to add the mystery around whether or not Marcus is truly innocent of his crime, because I’ve been hooked on true crime podcasts and documentaries. What makes them so compelling is not knowing the truth until the end. Sometimes, the truth is never discovered. (But don’t worry, my book doesn’t have that kind of open ending.)

As for research, I read articles and books about wrongful convictions. I read a lot about the work the Innocence Project organization does. I also watched the Ava DuVernay documentary, 13th. Not all of this research went into the book, but it was helpful background as I developed the story.

C: Can you talk a little bit about your writing process? Are you a plotter or a pantser?

J: I am a plotter! I tried pantsing a book once and it was a disaster. For this book, I started by writing a pitch, sort of what you’d see on the back of a book. This helped me know that the story idea had legs. Then I wrote a synopsis, and broke it down into scenes and chapters. I started drafting from there!

C: Wow! I am totally a pantser. I would love to take a writing workshop with you! How long did it take you to write the draft of Zoe Washington that got you an agent?

J: I wrote the first draft in a couple of months, but revised it for another year before I began querying. While querying, I received an R&R (Revise & Resubmit) from an agent. I liked the suggestions, so I revised it again. That draft got me five offers of rep from agents, and I decided to sign with Alex Slater at Trident Media Group. Because I’d done so much revising already, Alex felt the draft was in good shape to submit to editors, so the book went on submission to publishers shortly after I signed with him. It only took one week to get our first offer, and the book went to auction! That part of the process was very fast, but before I wrote this book, I’d written three other novels. Overall, my journey to get published was long and winding.

C: There’s so much you can’t control about the publishing process! But as a writer, there’s one thing you can control: your writing space. What matters to you in your environment when you’re writing? Candles? Music? Snacks?

J: All I really need is my laptop, a notebook, headphones and a comfy seat!

C: And now a couple of questions about books. What was your favorite book when you were in middle school?

J: I was really into the Babysitter’s Club series.

C: What books made you want to be a writer?

J: All of them! I’ve always been an avid reader. I didn’t start thinking that I could actually write a novel myself until I was in my early twenties, but all of the books I’d read until that point inspired me to go for it.

C: What are you reading right now and what’s up next on your tbr list?

J: One of the best parts of being a debut author is getting to read other debut books early. Right now I’m reading an advanced copy of Suzanne Park’s YA rom-com, THE PERFECT ESCAPE. Next on my list is the MG book FOREVER GLIMMER CREEK by Stacey Hackney. Both are out on 4/7/20!

C: I loved THE PERFECT ESCAPE! Thank you so much for this glimpse into your amazing novel and the writing process that got you to write it.

Congrats on the release of your debut book, Janae! You can visit Janae’s website for more info and follow her on Twitter and Instagram, as well as order FROM THE DESK OF ZOE WASHINGTON on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or Indiebound. Lastly, don’t forget to add it on Goodreads!


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September 15, 2018

Your Secret to Getting More Done – October Homekeeping Society

I cannot believe that it’s time to share October’s subscription with you already, but you’re going to love it! My whole goal of the subscription is to SIMPLIFY homekeeping – come see how this subscription can take your hand and guide you through those mundane tasks in a mindful and productive way. I’ve also added a new feature that I know you’re going to LOVE! If you were thinking of signing up, October is a great month to do it! Keep reading to see more…..

Here’s what you get with the subscription….

  • You can purchase a one-year subscription for Homekeeping Society at a discount – 2 months free!
  • You can login each month to grab your essentials but you’ll also get an email from Clean Mama with the next month’s subscription as a quick download with some exclusive tips for rocking the coming month! This email comes out on the evening of the 15th – sign up early to get it.  This email also includes links and tips to help you with next month – this is going to really help you get started.
  • I have a NEW members-only group on Facebook – you’ll see the link in the monthly email from me. This is a small, intimate group working through the same monthly goals – I’m excited to see this group grow and work through Homekeeping Society together!

October’s Homekeeping Society subscription is up – go here to see the homepage and to see what it’s all about.

If you don’t know where to start or are feeling a little defeated, I think you’ll find just the right amount of support and structure in Homekeeping Society! Homekeeping Society is intended to be just the gentle nudge you need, making your tasks and to do’s more enjoyable with a sweet and simple format. My favorite thing about Homekeeping Society is that each month is different, yet it all looks good together, and it’s complete with seasonal touches you’ll love!

Here’s what you’ll find in October’s subscription:

  • October 2018 Homekeeping Society cover page
  • October’s monthly focus (LAUNDRY AREA) + quick tips page
  • blank calendar for October
  • pre-filled homekeeping calendar for October
  • monthly menu planning calendar for October
  • 2 weekly menu planning dockets with a shopping list
  • to do list for October
  • daily planner for October
  • 2 weekly dockets for October (Sunday + Monday starts)
  • quote for the kitchen sink
  • LAUNDRY AREA checklist
  • October budget checklist/worksheet

Homekeeping Society is simple to use:

  • 2 EASY PRINT packets are included – simply open and print the pages in ONE step. One version features one of each and the other is set up exactly how the printed version is packaged with 4 pages of the weekly planners, etc. You’ll love how easy this is to use! Of course, the individual pages are also included, but if you want to print everything in one easy step, you’ll love this. If you want to print back to back, just select that upon printing and print away.
  • I have a Facebook Group to help you with your homekeeping – HOMEKEEPING SOCIETY – join if you’re a member of the subscription or not, it’s a special place to discuss homekeeping struggles, tips, tricks and ask questions to other members or myself. It’s a closed group, just ask to join and I’ll add you. I also just opened up a new Homekeeping Society group just for members – you’ll get an invite if once you join.
  • Another great feature with Homekeeping Society is that you can also access/save/download ALL the previous month’s of HOMEKEEPING SOCIETY!

How to login:

If you’re a member (log in here) and if you’d like to sign up today, it’s an instant download. The Homekeeping Society MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION is designed to create order out of your household chaos and help you keep your home tidy with ease and your mind less cluttered. You can cancel ANYTIME right on your membership screen. Take a peek at what I’ve created for the month of October– you’ll LOVE it!

Keeping a home clean can be both rewarding and frustrating. Sure, it’s possible to get your home clean, but to keep it that way can be the biggest challenge. Throw in the additions of busy schedules, jobs, kids, chaos, and lack of time and energy and it can feel downright defeating. You’ll love the Clean Mama Cleaning Routine included in every month of Homekeeping Society – it truly takes the guesswork out of cleaning and sets it on auto-pilot. If you struggle with routine and more or less free time, Homekeeping Society will help you keep on top of the tasks and provide a little structure.

Sign up for HOMEKEEPING SOCIETY and see how this simple and do-able approach can streamline your life.

Want to see more and get on the list? I can’t wait for you to join me! Go here to learn more – and use the coupon code 30offoctober for 30% off your first month. Want to see some ideas and more information on how to implement Homekeeping Society? Go here to see all the posts and past months of Homekeeping Society!

PLEASE NOTE: As a member, you will be able to download your digital subscription every month by going to your account page, click on the link for October 2018 and it will allow you to download the monthly essentials zip file. I also email your subscription to you as well – if you don’t see it, check your spam folder.

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Homekeeping Society


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University of Michigan Law School
Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse
Title "Orndorff v. Jefferson County"
Date Mar 14, 2014
Author ACLU Washington
External Link
Abstract In 2002, the ACLU of Washington and the ACLU's National Prison Project filed suit over prisoner conditions at the Jefferson County Jail. The lawsuit sought an end to the unconstitutional treatment of inmates, including deficient jail plumbing, hygiene, climate control, medical care, access to courts, access to reading material, and staffing.
Source American Civil Liberties Union of Washington

This Resource Relates To
case Orndorff v. Jefferson County (JC-WA-0002)

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Search Shop
Tigers Complete First Day At Cardinal Invite

Tigers Complete First Day At Cardinal Invite

OAK RIDGE, TENN. – The Clemson Rowing team opened up its spring competition today in Oak Ridge, Tennessee at the Cardinal Invite. The Tigers fielded five boats in two sessions in the morning and afternoon. Their competition included a tough early test against ranked opponents in Virginia and Michigan, but the Tigers rebounded convincingly in the afternoon.

“It was really exciting starting off our last season as a Clemson Tiger. It was a great effort by all of our boats. It was nice to start out hard on the first race and then implement what we needed to and come out even stronger in the second race,” said senior Becca Kretzer.

The Tigers got off to a slow start in the morning session with only one boat finishing better than third. The 3V8 managed a second place finish in a field of three with a time of 7:00.16. Three of the five boats recorded third place finishes in fields of four. The 1V4 finished with a time of 7:37.78, the 2V8, 6:47.62, and the 2V4, 7:30.14. The 1V8 were narrowly edged by a half-second to a fourth place finish out of four and a mark of 6:38.79.

“Today was a good learning experience. We had some early morning races; some went our way, some didn’t, and we learned. One of our goals from this race was to learn from each event. The lessons we learned from the first race we put into practice for the second one and so it was nice to see them progress,” said Head Coach Stephen Frazier Wong.

The Tigers bounced back in the afternoon, however, to end the day wtih several strong performances. The 1V8 led the way with a first place finish and a time of 6:40.62. They were then matched by a first place performance from the 3V8 (7:06.55) and the 2V4 (7:28.58). Of the three first place finishes all were in convincing fashion with each boat finishing with a margin greater than five seconds–the 2V4 outpaced the first runner-up by over 10. The 1V4 and 2V8 both placed third with times of 7:43.06 and 6:48.70, respectively.

“It was really nice to get on the water today; being able to race people other than each other and to be able to finally improve from one race to the next. I think we made up a lot of ground from one race to next which was really good improvement from us,” said senior Katie Eidson. “Today was just kind of a race where we were able to put all of our passion out there and reinforce why we do the sport. We just put up a good fight.”

The Tigers return to action Sunday morning at 11:14 a.m., to compete in their final races of the Cardinal Invite.

Complete results can be found here.

1V8: Emily Goff (Cox), Paula Wesselmann, Dana Zielinski, Milena Heuer, Ashley Robinson, Rebecca Kretzer, Rachel Salvia, Giorgia Bergamasco, Gaia Nencini

2V8: Kathleen Eidson (Cox), Erin Ferguson, Sophia Porach, Julia Meredith, Courtney Fallon, Lorena Croft, Cassidy Davidson, Megan Mars, Lydia Hanewich

3V8: Rebekah Stein (Cox), Emma Neat, Emily Radziwon, Brynn Hentschel, Isla McRae, Rebecca Simonetti, Elizabeth Sessinger, Jenny D’Anthony, Maddie Macrone

1V4: Megan Kauffeld (Cox), Anna McLean, Alexis Georgia, Julia Mathews, Amelia Shein

2V4: RC O’Shea (Cox), Sarah Decker, Anna Skochdopole, Amber Rewis, Claire Prevost


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Pendulux Rover Table Clock

Polished aluminum and brass 8" x 8" x 6.5". We designed this clock to operate under a range of gravitational extremes, specially fitted with rolling wheels to handle Martian terrain. With brass fittings and detail among heavy polished aluminum and glass lens protecting the mid-century dial and hands. This clock is at-home in Earthling cities and Mars colonies alike.

$ 229.00
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Buses, mobility transition and climate change

This is a story broadcast in the Konkani News Bulletin of Doordarshan Kendra, Panaji, on 28th February, 2013.

Transport sector accounts for about 25% of world energy use and contributes around 30% to GHG emissions. Road transport accounts for almost 90% of all emissions of the transport sector.  The private car is the largest contributor to a household’s carbon footprint.  Using public transport is one of the most effective ways an individual can fight against climate change.  Goa however is on a totally different trajectory from the climate change perspective – with around 8.6 lakh vehicles for a population of around 14.6 lakh, there is a vehicle for every second person in Goa!.:

Translation of the text:

A poorly serviced, unreliable and time-exhausting public transport system is one of the main reasons for the ubiquitous use of private transport in Goa.  In 2011-2012 alone  around 75000 vehicles were registered with the State Transport Department, out of which around 80% were non-transport vehicles, of which over 70% were two-wheelers.  Research has shown that energy consumption in motorised individual passenger traffic is upto 10 times as high as in a well-organised demand-oriented public transport system.

Buses play a critical role in the mobility transition, specially in urban areas.   While occupying twice the road space taken by a car, buses can ferry 40 times the number of passengers, and can displace anywhere between 5 and 50 vehicles with enormous savings in pollution and carbon emissions.  The Union Finance  Ministry  has set a benchmark of 60 buses per lakh population for 4 million-plus cities to make the public transport system reliable and efficient.  A good public transport system also promotes equity as the poor are most dependent on affordable and cheap public transport to access jobs and services.  However most state transport corporations suffer from enormous backlog of losses and inefficiency resulting in plunging passenger volumes and deplorable service quality.

Setting up a reliable and credible public transport system requires massive investment in renewal and modernisation of fleet, including setting up Rapid Transit Systems which can haul large numbers of passengers. The JNNURM has already catalysed Central Govt investment in bus rolling stock, specially low-floor buses required for level boarding.  Besides investment, a host of operational changes like setting up of a control room to function as a time-table controlling tool, improving fare-collection, improved passenger services like electronic display of bus-timings, routes,electronic issue of tickets, etc.are badly needed.

Recognising the potential of a well-organised  public transport system for efficient mobility as well as for reducing pollution and carbon emissions, Goa state-owned Kadamba Transport Corporation (KTC) is revamping its services.  More than 100 new fuel-efficient buses are being purchased to replace the older fleet, while other measures like adoption of new routes, seasonal bus passes for daily commuters and students at discounted rates, introduction of hand-held electronic ticket-issuing machines for on-the-spot issue of tickets, etc. have been introduced.

Says Derrick Pereira, Managing Director of KTC  “Tax burden on public transport vehicles is excessive.  In most Indian cities the tax burden is almost 2.6 times higher for public transport buses than private cars,  which amounts to a perverse incentive against public transport” .  Obviously this trend has to be reversed to stimulate investment in buses and discourage usage of private cars.  Government have to work on a combination of strategies to lure the public away from individualised transport and make public transport a viable mobility mode.

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New malaria drug requires just one dose and appears twice as effective as existing regimen

Read Time:1 Minute, 34 Second

Contact: Michael Bernstein 202-872-6042 American Chemical Society

Scientists are reporting development of a new malaria drug that, in laboratory tests, has been twice as effective as the best current medicine against this global scourge and may fight off the disease with one dose, instead of the multiple doses that people often fail to take. A report on the drug appears in ACS’ Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.

Gary Posner and colleagues explain that malaria continues to kill almost 1 million people annually. The best existing treatment is so-called artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). It requires patients to take pills every day for several days, and many patients fail to complete the regimen. As a result, these patients don’t get better, and it opens the door for malaria parasites to develop resistance to ACT. To stop that from happening, the researchers developed a new type of ACT that could stop malaria in a single dose.

They describe a series of new compounds they developed that, given once, are more effective than traditional artemisinin-derived substances. One of the new compounds, when combined with mefloquine, killed off all of the parasites in some mice with just a single oral dose and allowed those mice to live almost twice as long as those treated with conventional ACT.

The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and the Bloomberg Family Foundation.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 164,000 members, ACS is the world’s largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

To automatically receive news releases from the American Chemical Society, contact

Categories: Disease and Conditions, Ignored - Breakthrough Cures & Treatments

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Interaction between Genetic Risk Scores for reduced pulmonary function and smoking, asthma and endotoxin.

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Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci associated with lower pulmonary function. Pulmonary function is strongly related to smoking and has also been associated with asthma and dust endotoxin. At the individual SNP level, genome-wide analyses of pulmonary function have not identified appreciable evidence for gene by environment interactions. Genetic Risk Scores (GRSs) may enhance power to identify gene-environment interactions, but studies are few.We analysed 2844 individuals of European ancestry with 1000 Genomes imputed GWAS data from a case-control study of adult asthma nested within a US agricultural cohort. Pulmonary function traits were FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC. Using data from a recent large meta-analysis of GWAS, we constructed a weighted GRS for each trait by combining the top (p value<5×10-9) genetic variants, after clumping based on distance (±250 kb) and linkage disequilibrium (r2=0.5). We used linear regression, adjusting for relevant covariates, to estimate associations of each trait with its GRS and to assess interactions.Each trait was highly significantly associated with its GRS (all three p values<8.9×10-8). The inverse association of the GRS with FEV1/FVC was stronger for current smokers (pinteraction=0.017) or former smokers (pinteraction=0.064) when compared with never smokers and among asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics (pinteraction=0.053). No significant interactions were observed between any GRS and house dust endotoxin.Evaluation of interactions using GRSs supports a greater impact of increased genetic susceptibility on reduced pulmonary function in the presence of smoking or asthma.

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Authors: Sinjini Sikdar, Annah B Wyss, Mi Kyeong Lee, Thanh T Hoang, Marie Richards, Laura E Beane Freeman, Christine Parks, Peter S Thorne, John L Hankinson, David M Umbach, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Stephanie J London


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That Heathrow temperature record ?

The record highest ever recorded July temperature by the Met Office at Heathrow Airport was given huge media coverage. The record was broken during one single heat spike that lasted just over 20 minutes between 14:06 and 14:30. What caused that heat spike? Mark McCarthy argues it was due to a break in clouds, and refutes Paul Homewood’s proposal that a change in wind direction sucked in hot Jet exhausts . However Mark doesn’t explain why a similar sun burst just 30 minutes later produced no temperature response whatsoever. He instead  writes : “In this instance there is no compelling evidence to suggest the measurement is incorrect”. I disagree. There is compelling evidence that such a sharp temperature peak lasting just 20 minutes was actually caused by 3 long haul flights landing in quick succession, then exacerbated by the SE wind direction and late runway exits.

The record was broken during a heat spike that occured between 14:06 and 14:30

The record was broken during a heat spike that occured between 14:06 and 14:30

The weather station is located on the northern border of Heathrow just beyond the North Runway. On July 1st the North runway was being used for landing aircraft arriving from the west because there was an increasing 4 m/s SE wind.  This wind was also blowing directly up a major exit runway lane directly pointing towards the Met station.

Location of the Met Office weather station at Heathrow is shown by the orange icon. The blue arrow shows the wind direction from the SE.

Location of the Met Office weather station at Heathrow is shown by the orange icon. The blue arrow shows the wind direction from the SE.

A BA 747-400 originating from San Francisco, a BA 777 from Tokyo and an Etihan A380

Heathrow wind speed July 1st

Heathrow wind speed July 1st

superjumbo all landed within minutes of each other  between ~ 14:00 and ~14:30 on July 1. Smaller aircraft normally exit well before they reach that exit, but  large heavy aircraft need far more runway to stop.  They must exit directly alongside the Met station, and as they turn SE towards the terminals their Jet engines accelerate thereby pumping hot exhausts directly towards the Stephensen screen. The wind directon on July 1 ensured that those hot gases reached the station. This, in my opinion, is a far more likely explanation for the sudden spike in temperature rather than any  short sunny spell. Timings on  plots shown below confirming this are approximate C/O Plane Finder on July 1.

BA 747-400 lands from San Francisco

BA 747-400 lands from San Francisco

Etihad A380 lands on North Runway

Etihad A380 lands on North Runway

Heathrow is neither a registered WMO station nor is it is not one of the ~7300 stations included in CRUTEM4, NCDC GHCN V3 analysis. I am pretty well convinced that the Met Office made a mistake on this one. Did their zeal to find a record July temperature anywhere cloud their judgement? Heathrow  was bound to be contentious because it is one of the world’s busiest and most compact airports. The ‘heat wave’ only lasted one single day so who really cares anyway?  On balance I think Paul Homeward was more likely than not correct in his original analysis.

Correction: Heathrow is a WMO registered site and in CRUTEM4 !

This entry was posted in Meteorology, UK Met Office and tagged . Bookmark the permalink.

43 Responses to That Heathrow temperature record ?

  1. Andrew Carey says:

    Didn’t know Heathrow not counted as a registered WMO. Fascinating reading, cheers.

  2. Euan Mearns says:

    Clive, the interesting thing about this story is the science psychology. The warmists are desperate to drag up and publicise any fragment of data that may support their “theories”. The same happens on the other side with the solar coolers desperately waiting for a cold catastrophe to befall Britain. I can admit to belonging to that group 🙁

    I am at my cottage in Perthshire, it is late July and we just walked our dogs about 21:00. My wife had hat and gloves on. We have the wood burner on. The outside temperature is 11?C. Why is the MET office not reporting on this?

    The broader question is why did England have a heat wave? Was this because CO2 increased the surface air temperature at Heathrow? Off course not. It is because the sub polar jet is becoming increasingly meandering. This can either draw anomalous cold air southwards from the Arctic or anomalous warm air northwards from the tropics as was the case for England a few weeks ago.

    As for the MET office making a big deal out of that T spike at Heathrow, if indeed they did so, I didn’t consider this story worth any time at all following. Any scientist observing a spike like you show recorded at an extraordinary site like Heathrow would simply discount it as an outlier and should be at pains to explain so in the media. If the MET office have not done this then this is proof positive that they are not scientific.

    • Clive Best says:

      I agree completely. There seems to be a need for warming storylines to gain public support ahead of the Paris meeting. This was just a one day UK heatwave of little significance. I wonder if anyone at the Met Office remembers 1976. We had 2 months of hot sunshine without any rainfall. Temperaures were above 30C every day for nearly a month. The drought was so bad that Cornish houses were asked to flush the toilet only once a day ! That was what I call a real heatwave! Everyone was delighted.

      I have been in Liguria for the past 3 weeks. The temperature is hot and sunny and has reached 34 to 36C every single day, falling to just ~27C at night. In cities like Genova & Milan it reaches 38C and higher, even Italians find it hard to sleep. The sand on the beach is over 50C and it hurts to walk on.

      If I park my car in the sun then temperatures can rise to well over 42C. Once I drive around for 10 minutes the temperaure falls to 34C. Temperatures are supposed to be air temperatures 2m above ground and measured in the shade. Temperature spikes lasting just 20 minutes cannot happen for meteorological reasons. They must have a local cause – either poor shielding or an external heat source.

      Take a look at this interview about the futility of knee-jerk action by any single country. The only long term answer is technical innovation.

    • Ben Vorlich says:

      My brother in Dunning is sharing your pain.

      I agree I don’t want to return to the LIA the Minoan Optimum on the other hand would be fine.

  3. Joe Public says:

    Don’t forget jets also use reverse-thrust during landing. This heated air is not only diverted rearwards, but to both sides too.

    In addition, there are multiple planes taxiing beside the main runway(s), waiting to take off.

  4. Joe Public says:

    The Met Office Press Office, in a reply to Paul Homewood, stated:

    In addition the turbulence generated by passing aircraft would help mix the air close to the ground and so, is more likely to lower the air temperature rather than raise it.

    • Clive Best says:

      In that one answer they are admitting that heat ‘reflected’ from the ground is the most likely cause of the spike. Hot exhaust gases reaching the station is another. If they just want mixing – then instal a fan !

  5. Nick Stokes says:

    Heathrow on the day reached 36.7C, which is 98.06F. Some other temperatures around, according to Accuweather:
    St Albans 98F
    Aylesbury 98F
    Reading 98F
    Windsor 98F
    Doesn’t look like Heathrow needs all this special pleading.

    • Nick Stokes says:

      TonyB pointed out at WUWT that Accuweather seems to just use Heathrow temperatures in the data for nearby towns, and that in Reading at least, the temperature reached only about 93F. So this isn’t useful data – apologies.

  6. Cytokinin says:

    Why is it that weather becomes climate in so much of the media. Why are record highs reported, but but record lows ignored. In the north Scottish highlands we have experienced the cpressureay and June on record and if things continue, it will be the coldest July too. In Orkney farmers are having to sell cattle because it has been so cold that the grass hasn’t grown. There is still snow on the hills in mid July, normally all gone in May. Further afield there is cold, with record snow falls in south Norway in early June. The last of the snow only disappeared in Boston USA this week. Sydney Australia had snow last week! This all does not imply global warming, or global cooling. It is merely fluctuations in weather, which has always happened. The media however likes hottest day stories, flood stories, big wind stories and hopefully a few deaths. It sells papers and increases viewing and so brings in more revenue. Why the BBC behave like this is a mystery unless they feel their publicly funded service has to out sensationalise the rest of the media.

    Understanding the drivers of climate is only clouded by sensationalism, since fear created by the media leads to demands for action and gets in the way of good objective scientific analysis. Science cannot be done to time scale and turns into politics if put under pressure.

    1.30pm and the outside temperature is 13C, 10 degrees lower than this time last year.

  7. Pingback: Met Office Explanation For Heathrow Record Looks Increasingly Threadbare | NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

  8. Clive

    Are the flight arrival times GMT or BST (The Met graph is GMT)?

    i.e the temp spike was 14.15GMT, which is 15.15 BST.

    • Clive Best says:

      I had a twitter exchange with Mark McCarthy about just this point. It is quite likely that I am an hour out so I will need to recheck the arrivals times. I am using an Ipad APP ‘Plane Finder’ while in Italy !

      My theory is simple. A large aircraft exited down that exit lane with a SE wind. As it turns to accelerate so hot exhausts are blown back onto the weather station ~50m away. The SE wind also ensured the heat pulse reached the station.

      I now need to double check whether this is correlated in exact time.

  9. From the ORIGINAL CO2 MOLESTER, Prof. Hubert Lamb; who was promoting ”Big Ice Age for year 2000, because of CO2 DIMMING EFFECT”

    MOST of the ”ICE AGE for year 200 Predictors” are now in the Warmist Cult:

    Here’s a list of articles from the 70’s predicting the next ice age along with a link to the website that listed them.
    1970 – Colder Winters Held Dawn of New Ice Age – Scientists See Ice Age In the Future (The Washington Post, January 11, 1970)
    1970 – Is Mankind Manufacturing a New Ice Age for Itself? (L.A. Times, January 15, 1970)
    1970 – New Ice Age May Descend On Man (Sumter Daily Item, January 26, 1970)
    1970 – Pollution Prospect A Chilling One (The Argus-Press, January 26, 1970)
    1970 – Pollution’s 2-way ‘Freeze’ On Society (Middlesboro Daily News, January 28, 1970)
    1970 – Cold Facts About Pollution (The Southeast Missourian, January 29, 1970)
    1970 – Pollution Could Cause Ice Age, Agency Reports (St. Petersburg Times, March 4, 1970)
    1970 – Scientist predicts a new ice age by 21st century (The Boston Globe, April 16, 1970)
    1970 – Pollution Called Ice Age Threat (St. Petersburg Times, June 26, 1970)
    1970 – U.S. and Soviet Press Studies of a Colder Arctic (The New York Times, July 18, 1970)
    1970 – Dirt Will Bring New Ice Age (The Sydney Morning Herald, October 19, 1970)
    1971 – Ice Age Refugee Dies Underground (Montreal Gazette, Febuary 17, 1971)
    1971 – Pollution Might Lead To Another Ice Age (The Schenectady Gazette, March 22, 1971)
    1971 – Pollution May Bring Ice Age – Scientist Rites Risk (The Windsor Star, March 23, 1971)
    1971 – U.S. Scientist Sees New Ice Age Coming (The Washington Post, July 9, 1971)
    1971 – Ice Age Around the Corner (Chicago Tribune, July 10, 1971)
    1971 – New Ice Age Coming – It’s Already Getting Colder (L.A. Times, October 24, 1971)
    1971 – Another Ice Age? Pollution Blocking Sunlight (The Day, November 1, 1971)
    1971 – Air Pollution Could Bring An Ice Age (Harlan Daily Enterprise, November 4, 1971)
    1972 – Air pollution may cause ice age (Free-Lance Star, February 3, 1972)
    1972 – Scientist Says New ice Age Coming (The Ledger, February 13, 1972)
    1972 – Ice Age Cometh For Dicey Times (The Sun, May 29, 1972)
    1972 – Ice Age Coming (Deseret News, September 8, 1972)
    1972 – There’s a new Ice Age coming! (The Windsor Star, September 9, 1972)
    1972 – Scientist predicts new ice age (Free-Lance Star, September 11, 1972)
    1972 – British Expert on Climate Change Says New Ice Age Creeping Over Northern Hemisphere (Lewiston Evening Journal, September 11, 1972)
    1972 – Climate Seen Cooling For Return Of Ice Age (The Portsmouth Times, ?September 11, 1972?)
    1972 – New Ice Age Slipping Over North (The Press-Courier, September 11, 1972)
    1972 – Beginning of new ice age (The Canberra Times, September 12, 1972)
    1972 – Ice Age Begins A New Assault In North (The Age, September 12, 1972)
    1972 – Weather To Get Colder (Montreal Gazette, ?September 12, 1972?)
    1972 – British climate expert predicts new Ice Age (The Christian Science Monitor, September 23, 1972)
    1972 – Scientist Sees Chilling Signs of New Ice Age (L.A. Times, September 24, 1972)
    1972 – Science: Another Ice Age? (Time Magazine, November 13, 1972)
    1972 – Geologist at Case Traces Long Winters – Sees Ice Age in 20 Years (Youngstown Vindicator, December 13, 1972)
    1972 – Ice Age On Its Way, Scientist Says (Toledo Blade, December 13, 1972)
    1972 – Ice Age Predicted In About 200 Years (The Portsmouth Times, December 14, 1972)
    1973 – New Ice Age coming? (Popular Science, January 1973)
    1973 – The Ice Age Cometh (The Saturday Review, March 24, 1973)
    1973 – Believe new ice age is coming (The Bryan Times, March 31, 1973)
    1973 – ‘Man-made Ice Age’ Worries Scientists (The Free Lance-Star, June 22, 1973)
    1973 – Fear Of Man-made Ice Age (The Spartanburg Herald, June 28, 1973)
    1973 – Possibility Of Ice Age Worries The Scientists (The Argus-Press, November 12, 1973)
    1973 – Weather-watchers think another ice age may be on the way (The Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 1973)
    1974 – Ominous Changes in the World’s Weather (PDF) (Fortune Magazine, February 1974)
    1974 – Atmospheric Dirt: Ice Age Coming?? (Pittsburgh Press, February 28, 1974)
    1974 – Support for theory of a cooling world (The Canberra Times, May 16, 1974)
    1974 – New evidence indicates ice age here (Eugene Register-Guard, May 29, 1974)
    1974 – Another Ice Age? (Time Magazine, June 24, 1974)
    1974 – 2 Scientists Think ‘Little’ Ice Age Near (Hartford Courant, August 11, 1974)
    1974 – Ice Age, worse food crisis seen (Chicago Tribune, October 30, 1974)
    1974 – Imminent Arrival of the Ice (Radio Times, November 14, 1974)
    1974 – Making a BBC Science Special [The Weather Machine] (New Scientist, November 14, 1974)
    1974 – The Weather Machine (BBC, November 20, 1974)
    1974 – New ice age ‘could be in our lifetime’ (The Canberra Times, November 22, 1974)
    1974 – Believes Pollution Could Bring On Ice Age (Ludington Daily News, December 4, 1974)
    1974 – Pollution Could Spur Ice Age, Nasa Says (Beaver Country Times, ?December 4, 1974?)
    1974 – Air Pollution May Trigger Ice Age, Scientists Feel (The Telegraph, ?December 5, 1974?)
    1974 – More Air Pollution Could Trigger Ice Age Disaster (Daily Sentinel, ?December 5, 1974?)
    1974 – Scientists Fear Smog Could Cause Ice Age (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, December 5, 1974)
    1975 – Climate Changes Called Ominous (The New York Times, January 19, 1975)
    1975 – Climate Change: Chilling Possibilities (Science News, March 1, 1975)
    1975 – B-r-r-r-r: New Ice Age on way soon? (Chicago Tribune, March 2, 1975)
    1975 – Cooling Trends Arouse Fear That New Ice Age Coming (Eugene Register-Guard, ?March 2, 1975?)
    1975 – Is Another Ice Age Due? Arctic Ice Expands In Last Decade (Youngstown Vindicator, ?March 2, 1975?)
    1975 – Is Earth Headed For Another Ice Age? (Reading Eagle, March 2, 1975)
    1975 – New Ice Age Dawning? Significant Shift In Climate Seen (Times Daily, ?March 2, 1975?)
    1975 – There’s Troublesome Weather Ahead (Tri City Herald, ?March 2, 1975?)
    1975 – Is Earth Doomed To Live Through Another Ice Age? (The Robesonian, ?March 3, 1975?)
    1975 – The Ice Age cometh: the system that controls our climate (Chicago Tribune, April 13, 1975)
    1975 – The Cooling World (Newsweek, April 28, 1975)
    1975 – Cooling trend may signal coming of another Ice Age (The Sun, May 16, 1975)
    1975 – Scientists Ask Why World Climate Is Changing; Major Cooling May Be Ahead (PDF) (The New York Times, May 21, 1975)
    1975 – Summer of A New Ice Age (The Age, June 5, 1975)
    1975 – In the Grip of a New Ice Age? (International Wildlife, July-August, 1975)
    1975 – Experts ponder another ice age (The Spokesman-Review, September 8, 1975)
    1975 – Oil Spill Could Cause New Ice Age (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, December 11, 1975)
    1976 – Deadly Harvest [Film] (Starring: Kim Cattrall, Clint Walker, 1976)
    1976 – The Cooling: Has the Next Ice Age Already Begun? [Book] (Lowell Ponte, 1976)
    1976 – Ice Age Predicted (Reading Eagle, January 22, 1976)
    1976 – Ice Age Predicted In Century (Bangor Daily News, January 22, 1976)
    1976 – It’s Going To Get Chilly About 125 Years From Now (Sarasota Herald-Tribune, January 23, 1976)
    1976 – Worrisome CIA Report; Even U.S. Farms May be Hit by Cooling Trend (U.S. News & World Report, May 31, 1976)
    1977 – Blizzard – What Happens if it Doesn’t Stop? [Book] (George Stone, 1977)
    1977 – The Weather Conspiracy: The Coming of the New Ice Age [Book] (The Impact Team, 1977)
    1977 – The Ice Age Cometh… (New York Magazine, January 31, 1977)
    1977 – The Big Freeze (Time Magazine, January 31, 1977)
    1977 – Has The Ice Age Cometh Again? (Calgary Herald, February 1, 1977)
    1977 – Space Mirrors Proposed To Prevent Crop Freezes (Bangor Daily News, February 7, 1977)
    1977 – We Will Freeze in the Dark (Capital Cities Communications Documentary, Host: Nancy Dickerson, April 12, 1977)
    1978 – Ice! [Book] (Arnold Federbush, 1978)
    1978 – The New Ice Age [Book] (Henry Gilfond, 1978)
    1978 – Winter May Be Colder Than In Last Ice Age (Deseret News, January 2, 1978)
    1978 – Current Winters Seen Colder Than In Ice Age? (The Telegraph, January 3, 1978)
    1978 – Winter Temperatures Colder Than Last Ice Age (Eugene Register-Guard, Eugene Register-Guard, January 3, 1978)
    1978 – International Team of Specialists Finds No End in Sight to 30-Year Cooling Trend in Northern Hemisphere (The New York Times, January 5, 1978)
    1978 – Little Ice Age: Severe winters and cool summers ahead (Calgary Herald, January 10, 1978)
    1978 – Winters Will Get Colder, ‘we’re Entering Little Ice Age’ (Daily Record, January 10, 1978)
    1978 – Geologist Says Winters Getting Colder (Middlesboro Daily News, January 16, 1978)
    1978 – It’s Going To Get Colder (Boca Raton News, ?January 17, 1978?)
    1978 – Another Ice Age? (Kentucky New Era, February 12, 1978)
    1978 – Another Ice Age? (Reading Eagle, ?February 13, 1978?)
    1978 – The Coming Ice Age (In Search Of TV Show, Season 2, Episode 23, Host: Leonard Nimoy, May 1978)
    1978 – An Ice Age Is Coming Weather Expert Fears (Milwaukee Sentinel, November 17, 1978)
    1979 – A Choice of Catastrophes – The Disasters That Threaten Our World [Book] (Isaac Asimov, 1979)
    1979 – The Sixth Winter [Book] (John R. Gribbin, 1979)
    1979 – The New Ice Age Cometh (The Age, January 16, 1979)
    1979 – Ice Age Building Up (Daily Record, June 5, 1979)
    1979 – Large Glacial Buildup Could Mean Ice Age (Daily Chronicle, June 5, 1979)
    1979 – Ice Age On Its Way (Lewiston Morning Tribune, June 7, 1979)
    1979 – Get Ready to Freeze (Daily Chronicle, October 12, 1979)
    1979 – New ice age almost upon us? (The Christian Science Monitor, November 14, 1979)
    * Note: A couple of the news stories are duplicates in different papers with slightly different titles, this is intentional to show that these types of stories were not isolated to a certain regional paper.

  10. Ben Vorlich says:

    Not doubting your landing information, I wondered where you found it?

    I looked here

    earlier in the week and I don’t understand all the columns but it identifies a flight number, registration number, a plane type and a runway (L or R not sure about this?). Checking I couldn’t find any A380s in the time frame, two in quick succession I don’t know whether the times are for arrival/departure from the terminal in which case the time on the runway would be several minutes before or after.
    14:31 Qatar Airways on R
    14:34 Singapore Airlines on R
    747 also a couple
    1408 BA on L ( Peking?)
    1415 BA on L ( Las Vegas)

    Quite a lot of B777, B787, A320, A330

    This is purely guesswork on my part so it could be horribly wrong,

  11. Pingback: The Heathrow Temperature Data That The Met Office Tried To Withhold | NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

  12. Dave Ward says:

    @ Ben – I understand from my sources that until 7:30pm the North runway (“L” or left as a pilot would see it) was used for landings, and the South (“R”) for take-offs. From the link you provided I can see the change to runway 27 occurring between “1831” & “1833” which means times in that list are shown in GMT. This is standard aviation practice, so we would need to be looking for times in the 1300 range. I used “CTRL+F” to highlight all the “09L” entries, and as it happens, there were TWO B747-400’s in succession, at 1314 & 1315 respectively. That ought to have generated a good blast of heat!

    • Ben Vorlich says:

      Thank you Dave that makes good sense. I’m not familiar with the world of aviation and how the log times.

      Now I know that I can see that the planes landing (09L)
      13:14 BOEING 747-436
      13:15 BOEING 747-436
      13:18 BOEING 747-436
      So three 747 landings in 4-5 minutes. As you say a large blast of heat with with a lot of A320s to keep things nicely warm.

      BTW you can search for details on British registered planes here
      and the three are powered by
      13:14 4 x ROLLS-ROYCE RB211-524G2-T-19
      13:15: 4 x ROLLS-ROYCE RB211-524G2-19
      13:18: 4 x ROLLS-ROYCE RB211-524G2-19

    • Clive Best says:

      Thanks Dave and Ben ! That is a great source (even though I had to use a text editer to read it).

      The heat spike occured more or less exactly at 14:15 GMT. Two BA 747-400s landed within 2 minues of each other at precisely the right time. The first BA 272 from San Diego landed at 14:13 GMT and the second BA 274 from Las Vegas landed at 14:15 GMT. It is likely that such heavy aircraft would have had to exit the runway directly in-line with the Met Office station. That equates to 8 Rolls Royce Jet engines pointing directly at the station within a 2 minute period. This was then enhanced by a SE wind of 12 M/s blowing directly down the exit lane towards the station.

      It is inconceivable to me that the Met Office can argue that a simple break in the clouds could cause such a huge temperaure spike. The Stephensen screens are supposed to be shade the thermometers from the sun! However they have air vents to let air circulate inside !

      • Dave Ward says:

        @Clive – the “mht” file that you get from Ben Vorlich’s link above showed up (to me) as an”IE” document. Since I don’t use IE, I right clicked on the saved file and selected “Open with Palemoon” (a Firefox variant) and it opened in a normal tab, from where I was able to use “Ctrl+F” to highlight the appropriate entries.

        Further to the aircraft movements – since smaller planes would normally exit the runway as soon as they have their speed under control, there would (in all probability) be a number of them on the parallel taxiway, in addition to the “heavies” which would use most of the landing distance available. From watching Flightradar24, it’s clear that the vast majority of aircraft go to and from stands at the Eastern end of the site, so the smaller A320’s ~ B737’s etc may well have to stop before the relevant turn off, wait for the “heavies” to cross, and then apply some power to get moving again. To aid turning it’s usual for pilots to apply differential power, which in this situation would mean advancing the port (left) engine(s) more, so any heat resulting would be correspondingly closer to the met station…

  13. pdtillman says:

    Just a xref to Willis Eschenbach’s similar analysis:

    Here, as elsewhere, one senses a whiff of desperation, as Nature fails to stick to the CAGW Party Line….

  14. Pingback: Questions raised about Met Office claims of a new high temperature record | Watts Up With That?

  15. Bryce Payne says:

    Climate and climate change are long term, extremely complex subjects. If GHGs are causing a temperature change it will appear as the cumulative effect of many minute ripples on top of larger waves. None of them will be apparent at the time, but the effect may accumulate eventually.
    The Heathrow heat spike in question was obviously an anomaly, and its occurrence does not speak either for or against climate change. So much noise from what should have been an unreported anomaly. Its occurrence raises the further question of how long has that station been affected by more dilute jet wash in general? There could be substantial unrecognized effects in the historical data from that station. Why was that met station not moved long ago? Might be interesting to look at aviation history with respect to large jets, and trends in historical temperature at airports, or at Heathrow anyway.

    • bob Peckham says:

      Not to mention the gradually increasing heat island effect of more asphalt, concrete, terminals and car parks on a time scale of decades. Not to mention the gradually expanding heat island of London itself, also on a timescale of decades.

      • Clive Best says:

        Remember that warming is always measured in temperature anomalies whereas temperature records are measured in degrees centigrade. That way the Urban Heat effect can simultaneously break temperature records and be proven not to effect global warming. How is that possible? The trick is to renormalise anomalies for each station to average temperature values just 20 years ago.

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