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Corey Linsley and Understanding the PUP List

Packers Center Corey Linsley

Don’t expect Corey Linsley back soon.

Nothing like a lingering injury to change everything. After starting at center for Green Bay Packers for the past two seasons, center Corey Linsley isn’t moving off the PUP list fast at all. Initially sidelined by a hamstring injury during this past May’s OTAs, Linsley has yet to play a single snap during the 2016 training camp. Instead of snapping the ball to the first team offense, he’s been working daily with the training staff to return. In the meantime, JC Tretter has been named the starting center, and it is his job at this point to lose.
And so Linsley sits on the PUP list, that no-mans land where players either get a little respite to heal or their careers fizzle out all together. While this isn’t a career killer for Linsley by any stretch of the imagination, it is yet another wrench thrown into the offensive front line. Just when you think you’ve got the entire band back together, there’s a question mark as to when exactly Linsley will be cleared to return.
Word on the street is that he does not need surgery. That tells me he likely has what is called a Class II, or partial tear. Remember, that all muscle strains, by their very nature, are muscle tears. The severity of the injury determines the degree of the tear. A class one is the simple muscle strain. There is minimal tearing of the actual muscle fibers, and recover is rather short and are usually better in under two weeks. On the other side of the spectrum, there is the Class III muscle tear where the entire body of the muscle is torn in two. Those are the injuries that invariably need surgery.
HamstringInjuries_SmallAnd then there are Class II muscle tears (the middle graphic.) These type of injuries have a larger tear to the muscle fibers, but it isn’t a complete tear. It’s enough to leave a player very symptomatic. There may be a large bruise on the back of the thigh shortly after the acute injury (muscles, like many tissues bleed when torn.) These type of injuries do not typically require surgery and rely on the RICE regimen (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) as well as a large tincture of time for recovery. Emphasis on tincture of time.
Remember when Rodgers tore his calf two seasons ago and was sidelined forever yet didn’t need surgery? Same severity of injury as what Linsley likely has only in a different muscle group.
Recovery is variable with partial tears. They are typically gauged in terms of weeks to months, depending on the severity of the injury. It appears that Linsley initially tore his hamstring back in May but reinjured the muscle in July. So he’s back to square one with his hamstring. In other words, don’t hold your breath for a timely return before Packers head into week one of regular season play as the Packers head to Jacksonville to take on the Jaguars.
So where does this leave the Packers’ injured center? With training camp quickly winding down, it appears that he remains very much in limbo. If he doesn’t make it off the PUP list, that status will automatically transfer over to the regular season. Perhaps that is the best option for him at this point. He wouldn’t necessarily be lost to the season on injured reserve unlike WR Jeff Janis who had practiced and would not be eligible for the PUP list.
The downside would mean he is a guaranteed no-show for the first six weeks of the regular season as per league rules related to PUP athletes. If he doesn’t play, it’s no different than being on IR, but it this would keep the Designated For Return IR position available for if and when they need to use it later in the season for another key player. (No, the Packers will not be using that spot for Janis. There are million ways to use the Designated For Return spot that do not involve burning it up on the WR that is fourth or fifth on the wide receiver depth chart.)
Chances are he will just remain on the PUP list as he is recovering. It makes no sense moving him over to injured reserve.  I honestly don’t see him returning before the end of training camp, but chances are he will be cleared to play some time this season. He’d have six weeks of no daily wear and tear of practice to focus solely on rehabilitation. And he’d be fresh and ready to go about the time other linemen start dropping like flies from other assorted injuries. (There’s nothing wrong with a fresh set of legs at that point in the season!) The team would not even have to tap into the Designated For Return status if they wanted to bring him back. And as far as returning to play goes, the DFR status is really no different than PUP–you have to sit for at least six weeks until you are eligible for return. The PUP is a way to allow a long-term injury to heal. As long as a player like Linsley has not practiced, that spot does have to be used and can be saved for an in-season injury that needs significant time to heal but has a chance to return as the Packers head toward a possible off season.
So in the meantime, it is crucial that Tretter get every snap possible with the first team so that he gels with the line and just assume he is the long-haul guy at center. That’s the nature of offensive lines–next man up. And quite honestly, I’d rather have two healthy options at center over the course of the 16 game regular season and beyond instead of hoping Lang can improvise and going through the disastrous musical chairs with the offensive line like last year.
It’s not a season until someone on the offensive line goes down with an injury that takes weeks to recover from. Looks like this year’s lucky man is center Corey Linsley.

Kelly Hodgson is a writer for and you can listen to her as a Co-Host of Out of the Pocket. You can also follow Kelly on Twitter at @ceallaigh_k

3 thoughts on “Corey Linsley and Understanding the PUP List

  1. Thank God for Tretter. His versatility paying dividends. I can’t remember if he was drafted to play center or tackle.Either way I’m sure glad we have him.

  2. Didn’t the NFL change the Injured reserve rules? No more Designated for Return no longer exists. They can bring one player back from IR, but they don’t have to designate ahead of time which player.

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Natural Health Tips How to Lose Weight Over the Holidays. An average of seven to ten pounds Weight gain for people in between thanks And Christmas and those stats really Living daylight takes me away. And today I want to teach you Five keys so you don’t get it. Because of the weight of the terrible holidays really No worse than that. weight gain So the first thing I want to do with you The first key you must apply You need to start your day with exercise.

How to Lose Weight Over the Holidays

How to Lose Weight  This is really proven when you Start your day with exercise Set the tone for your day Start your day with a healthy habit. Even during the holiday season when we Feel so crazy and we can feel it too Stressed and we should be. You are really enjoying this season Give yourself some precious moments Now here’s the thing you don’t need.

Work two hours to get it An amazing body but you have to give You need a little time Exercise your day and start with you. It Will set the tone for this season and You will feel slim and sexy promise fine. The other thing is like you’re at one party and you are enjoying yourself You know I don’t want you to feel like me. Can’t enjoy yourself and you have to enjoy However the second step you must stop. Choose wisely to do what you say To survey.

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Link to Owner Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr.

Scappoose High School's boys wrestling team has won first nine duals in short season

COURTESY PHOTO: JESSICA KAUFFMAN AND JOSI WELTER - At a Scappoose dual meet, Scappoose senior Brett Krieger wrestles an opponent from Rex Putnam High School.The Scappoose High School boys wrestling team hasn't wasted time in the short season, winning each of its first nine matchups.

The team has won each matchup by an average of 34 points, with just two meets left on the schedule as of the time the Spotlight went to press.

Head coach Nick Byrd said the team would have likely had 10 more wrestlers if it weren't for the unusual season and year.

Byrd said Scappoose has roughly 40 wrestlers this year, including girls.

Though the team is somewhat smaller than would have been expected in previous years, strong wrestlers have still brought wins for the team. Byrd said seniors Brett Krieger, Cutter Sandstrom and Deacon Smith "have put in a ton of time" on the team.COURTESY PHOTO: JESSICA KAUFFMAN AND JOSI WELTER - Senior Cutter Sandstrom faces off against a Milwaukie wrestler at Scappoose High School.

"It's unfortunate that those guys don't get a typical season, but I'm pretty happy that they've been able to get something out of it," Byrd said.

While the Tribe's wrestlers have dominated the competition, Sandstrom said the feel of the season wasn't what he hoped from his senior year. Though seniors graduated June 5, they still had a few more matches left.

"To put it nicely, it's been," Sandstrom said, pausing to pick the right words, "not great."

Sandstrom said that while some aspects of the season felt disappointing or just plain terrible, he was grateful to have some sort of conclusion to his final year.

"I feel kind of blessed to have something — I was going to be really upset if I didn't get to wrestle anymore," he said.

Sandstrom said he's won all his matches so far this season, but he is missing out on the fiercer competition that large tournaments usually provide.

"I just want to have the best time I can have with my teammates and really enjoy the season," Sandstrom said, rather than focusing on the parts he's missing out on.

Byrd said that in addition to the experienced wrestlers like Sandstrom, the team has "a really talented younger group that has bought into working pretty hard and is going to do some great things down the road for us, too."

The shortened season means less matches for wrestlers and less practice time, both before the first competition and in between meets.

"But everybody's in the same boat," Byrd said. "It's an even playing field. So you've gotta look at it in a positive way. They're able to get experience this year and still able to compete, where three or four months ago, it didn't look like it was gonna be a real high likelihood (of competition)."

In a normal season, varsity wrestlers could get around 45 matches in a season. But this season, the team is looking at just 11 or 12 matches, Byrd said.

"It was a tough balance, trying to decide how much to actually wrestle," Byrd said. "I'd like to have a lot more practice, getting kids comfortable and confident with what they're doing, before throwing them out there."

Many of those matches usually take place at tournaments where dozens of schools are competing. A varsity wrestler could get a dozen matches in at one big tournament — the same number of matches wrestlers will get in the entire season this year.

Usually wrestlers would have more practice time in between competitions, to make adjustments or fine-tune any techniques that weren't successful at the last competition.

"But it's all worked out," Byrd said. "We've got a good balance of having competition and not losing too many practices."COURTESY PHOTO: JESSICA KAUFFMAN AND JOSI WELTER - Senior Kent Jones pins a Milwaukie wrestler during a meet at Scappoose High School. Scappoose beat Milwaukie 57-16.COURTESY PHOTO: JESSICA KAUFFMAN AND JOSI WELTER - Junior Ashtin Kauffman listens to guidance from a coach during a meet.COURTESY PHOTO: JESSICA KAUFFMAN AND JOSI WELTER - Sophomore Wyatt Anicker pins his opponent.

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I’m a Winner

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I sure did come in first place in my age group again this week.  I ran a 5k with my daughter and 8 year old grandson.  It was the Geggie 5k held in Eureka, MO.  This was a fundraiser for the school.  Now before you start congratulating me, there were not that many runners in my age group.  But I came in first and took 2 full minutes off of my time.

So does it really matter that I got a trophy?  (Which is proudly being displayed on my dresser.)  No it does not matter.  What matters is that – #1, I decided to run this race.  And #2,  I finished the race.  What happens in the mean time really does not matter.  What was really important to me was that I got to spend quality time with my grandson who finished the race and never stopped running and my daughter who did the same.  They both came in several minutes before me.  And my husband was at the finish line cheering me on.  These are moments that I will always cherish.

I’m a winner not because of the trophy.  I’m a winner because I finished the race.  I was determined to keep a good pace and not slow down, especially for that last mile which was quite hilly.  I stated thinking about two special people that physically could not race.  One was my grandson who for a year has been side lined from football and basketball because of a devastating injury.  I was thinking about how awful he felt during this past year not being able to participate in his beloved sports.  The other person I was thinking about was a high school athlete, Taylor, who is not only beautiful but a determined young woman.  She has played sports all her life with scoliosis.  She had surgery last week to correct it and will be sidelined for quite a while.  Thinking about these two young people that last mile, motivated me to continue a pace and finish this race.  They were sidelined.  I was not.

Yes, I’m a winner. I did it.  I will continue to do it.  Trophy’s or not.

Came in First

I ran a 5k yesterday morning with my daughter, Maria and 8 year old grandson, Timothy.  The race was held at Route 66 in Eureka.  Annie’s Hope sponsored the race.  Annie’s Hope  is a community based nonprofit organization whose mission is to provide comprehensive support services for children, teens and their families who are grieving the death of someone significant.

Becky Burns is the director and a client of ours.  I wanted to support her organization.  It was such a fun morning.  The weather was beautiful and the race was all on flat ground.  It was a lot of fun and it felt so good to be out running again.  It was especially fun running with my grandson and daughter.  This was Timothy’s first 5k.  And hopefully, I will have another running partner.

We hung around to see who the winners were and I will be dog gone.  I came in first in my age group.  Now to be honest.  I did not see too many women my age at the race.  But that doesn’t matter.  I sure did win.  And I am very happy about it.  I came home and hung that medal up along side my running number as a reminder as to how far I have come.

A Runner’s High

A runners high is a fallacy. There is no truth to it at all. My understanding of a high is a euphoric feeling.  Like when I drink a glass of wine. I feel good. I feel relaxed. I always get a euphoric feeling when I drink wine. That  is one of the reasons I imbibe. Not so with running.

Yesterday, Maria (my daughter and running partner) and I went for our long run – preparing for the Webster/Kirkwood Thanksgiving Day 6 mile run.  We have been doing our long runs at the Meramec Greenway Trail in Valley Park. It is a round trip 6 mile hike along the Meramac river.

I ran twice this week – 3.2 miles and walked the other days. My goal today was that I would run 4 miles without stopping.  Maria thought I should go further and encouraged me to reach 4.5 miles before I started to walk.  Already, before we even started running, she was trying to kill me.  I said “let me go for 4 and see how I do”.  In my mind I am thinking “if I do not die or collapse I will definitely go for 4.5 miles”.  But I did not want to share that with Maria.  Because if I did, she would make me do it.  Maria is RELENTLESS!

And we were off. I kept a decent pace of 5.03 mph. most of the time we were running.  I felt pretty good.  I was not breathing too hard.  Best of all – I WAS BREATHING.  In my mind all I had to achieve was to run to 4.5 miles and then I would walk/run the last 1.5 miles.

Getting back to that runners high. I kept thinking it was going to come.  I kept waiting for it.  1 mile – 2 miles – not so much as a slight happy feeling.  But it was a beautiful day and the view was amazing.  I was listening to my favorite music – Glee.  And that helped me not to think about the abuse I was putting my body through.

At 3 miles, I had a good pace going.  I knew 4 miles was only one mile away.  Euphoria was starting to set in with the thought of not running and start walking.  But then I made it to 4 miles and thought – “You might as well go to 4.5 miles”.  If you can run for 4 miles – you can certainly run for 4.5 miles.  And I new Maria would like that.  She is such a good trainer.  And she slows down her pace so I can run with her.  She could easily leave me in the dust.  But she runs right along side of me.  She really watches over me.

Still no runners high.  And I was getting very tired.

And then at 4.5 miles Maria says “mom you are my hero”.  Crap crap crap!!!  After her saying that, there was no way I was going to stop running.  How can I be her hero and stop running?  I did start to slow down but kept thinking just don’t stop.  And where was that runner’s high?  It had definitely eluded me.

And then I saw the light at the end of the tunnel. Not the white light you see when you die.  Just that the 6 mile mark was so near.   And I made it!!!  I ran for 6 whole miles without stopping. I crossed the finish line.

And then the runners high finally kicked in. I was euphoric that I had completed 6 miles. I was so excited that I had accomplished something I had never done before in my entire life   I was so excited to have run 6 miles and live to tell the story.

Now that is pure euphoria.  I did not die. I did not have a heart attack. I finally got my runners high.  And the best part of the day is that I knew my daughter was proud of me.  After all, I am her hero!

Bites, Licks and Tastes

Bites, Licks and Tastes – better known as BLT’s can bring you down.  The calories and points can be deadly.  One is so unaware when you just take a taste.  Lick’s can add up.  And I have a very big bite.  I made chili on Saturday for our dinner on Sunday.  I know I tasted that huge pot several times.  I am sure I had a full bowl while preparing it.  I also made cupcakes for Sunday and I did lick the batter.   We had all the kids and grandkids over on Sunday for dinner.  And that was after a full day at Eckerts picking delicious – healthy – good for you – apples.

It was a beautiful day on Sunday.  The air was crisp and it was so sunny.  It was a perfect day for apple picking.  And my favorite kind.  Fuji apples.  It was so much fun.  Most of the family went.  After we were done with apple picking, I suggested we get some home made custard ice cream.  Eckerts has wonderful custard – almost as good as Ted Drewes.   I savored every spoonful. I knew the custard would add up several points and calories but I was ok with it. I would just add them into my daily tally.

When we got home my son started making apple pie.  My other son brought some cannolli’s from the best bakery in town.  My husband made the corn bread and I cut up the vegetables.  The chili was simmering on the stove.  And the wine was being poured.  The dinner was served.  I was still fine with my eating.  I was still calculating my calories and points.

And then came the dessert.  There were cupcakes, apple pie and cannollis.  And for some reason my hand kept reaching for the delectable morsels.  Bites, Tastes and Licks.  I never ate a full piece of anything.  I just kept tasting.

The Canolli was delicious.   It had the creamiest filling and the crunchiest, flakiest crust. It was definitely worth the extra calories and extra points.  The apple pie was delicious.  You would think that I was on an eating marathon.  It had been so long since I had any of these delectables to eat that when they were put before me on Sunday I went a little hog wild.   Yes I was a piglet.  I normally have better will power than what I showed on Sunday.  I can usually pass up sweets.  But on Sunday I just could not say no.  It just had been too long since I had any sugary treats.

And it showed up at my weigh in at my weekly Weight Watcher meeting yesterday morning.  I gained one full pound.  But that is ok.  I am on this journey for the rest of my life.  And the BLT’s were very satisfying.  I just will not do that nonsense this week

I did have a very good eating week.  I just fell off the food wagon on Sunday.  What I did do very well this week was my activities.  I got in 6 days of great aerobic exercise.

Tuesday – Calories 1,029 • WW points 27 • Exercise –  Walked 25 minutes

Wednesday – Calories 1,256 • WW points 28 • Exercise –  Ran 3.2 miles (without stopping) and walked 10 minutes

Thursday – Calories 1,223 • WW points 21 • Exercise –  Walked 50 minutes

Friday – Calories 1,522 • WW points 36 •Exercise –  Ran (without stopping) 3.2 miles and Walk/Ran 2.8 miles

Saturday – Calories 1,399 – WW points 28 • Exercise – Ran/walked 4 miles

Sunday – I attempted to count my calories and points but lost track with all the Bites, Licks and Tastes.  Exercise – Day of rest – but picked  a lot of apples at Eckerts

Monday – Calories 1,207- WW points 26 • Exercise – Walked 40 minutes

One thing that I have to remember with my journey is that this is forever.  Do I want to go through my life never being able to eat a delicious high calorie morsel?  No I do not.  But one thing I know I can do better.  I can plan for it.  I did look up the points and calories of the peach custard before eating it.  And I did figure it into my daily tally.  But when my son brought over the cannolli’s and my other son made fresh apple pie.  I knew I was doomed.

So before I go on a Bites, Tastes and Lick’s marathon, I will be more aware.  I will choose one item to enjoy.   And I will take my time eating it and savoring every morsel.  I will not Bite, Taste or Lick it.  I will eat it.  I will enjoy it.

Family Pics from Eckerts

photo-3 Kevin and Hadley and Paul and Timothy

photo-5 The family minus me

photo-6Timothy photographing Paul and Sarah

Run 4 Webster

As you know from my last post, my daughter signed me up for the Webster/Kirkwood Turkey Day 6 mile run.   My friend Amy O’Brien who reads my blog and is on the Webster Groves School Board.  She is a new runner and asked me if I would like to join her in a run on Saturday (this morning).   My first thought was NO.  So I responded “Thank you so much for the invite but I have a client coming in at 10:00 (which I did and was not lying).  And then wouldn’t you know it.  As soon as I hit send, my client called to reschedule for a later time.  Dog gone it.  I could have let things go but since I opened my big mouth on my last post, everyone now knows that I am in training for the 6 mile Turkey Day run.  So I e-mailed Amy right back and said I was now available and I would meet her at Webster Groves High School.  What did I get myself into?

Last night while enjoying a glass of wine, I kept going back and forth in my mind about should I go or not go.  What excuse could I give Amy if I did not show up.  Do I really want to run?  Absolutely not.  But I know to get these last 25 pounds off, I have to amp up my physical activities.  I went to bed undecided on what I was going to do.

When I woke up this morning, I decided that I was going to go and run the full 4 miles and if I needed to walk I would do so.  We got there early to register and it was so cold.  There was still time for me to back out of the race but I saw Amy and I new I was locked into this race.

John came with me – God love him.  He is such a great support.  He never says much but he always supports me in everything I do.  And today he was there to be my official photographer.

Here I am registering.

IMG_3388 IMG_3390

And we’re off.

I finished the race in 50 minutes.  Not the best time.  But at least I finished.

Amy and I after the race.

I will say I had the best time.  I ran 90% of the time.  And I had a great (slow) pace.  But I will tell you who made this race so much fun.  It was the volunteers.  They were at every turn and mile marker.  They cheered us on and held the traffic at bay.  The Webster Groves Cheerleaders were also there doing their cheers.   I felt like every volunteer and cheerleader was there just for me.  I can’t say enough good things about these people that gave up several hours of their time.  Thank you to the Webster Groves School District Foundation for putting on this fun event.  Please read about Ivory Crockett and his amazing feats.  http://www.ivorycrockett.org   I encourage anyone that likes to walk and run please join this fun Run 4 Webster next year.  And thank you Amy O’Brien for being kind enough to read my blog and invite me to this fun race.

Maria Did it Again

Yep she did it again.  My fitter than fit daughter loves to get me into things.  Earlier this year she challenged me to a 30 day wine fast.  We went over to her house for dinner and I had a bottle of wine in tow and she was drinking a tall glass of water with lemon.  She said “Mom – I am doing a 30 day wine fast.  What do you think?  Are you going to join me?”  My first thought was “Are you crazy?  I can not nor want to give up my wine.”  But then my next thought was if I don’t say yes, I better head on over to an AA meeting.  So I said “Sign me up – I’m in.”  And  along with my daughter, I  accomplished the 30 long day wine fast.

Then in February she said. ” Mom let’s run in the St. Patrick’s Day Run.”  I was a bit more skeptical of this challenge because I had only been walking for exercise at this time.  But I really thought I could do it.  And I said “Count me in.”  I did try and started to run/walk.  But my schedule got busy and I came up with a million excuses.  And St. Patrick’s Day came and went and I decided I really did not like running after all.

She also got me doing the Paleo Diet.  She is a very healthy eater and she enjoys eating like a caveman.  My weight loss with Weight Watchers had hit a plateau last January and I was ready to shake things up a bit.  I tried it for one month and it worked.  I think I lost 6 pounds that month.  But I went back to my steadfast Weight Watcher way of eating.

And then on my birthday Maria e-mailed me with a birthday wish and a present.  It was a sign up for the Webster/Kirkwood Thanksgiving run.  My first thought was how sweet.  I thought no big deal.  I can run/walk a 5K.   I do that almost every day.  But then I looked a bit closer to the e-mail.  She signed me up for a 6 MILE RUN!!!!  How can I possibly run 6 miles?  I was not sure I could even walk 6 miles.  Couldn’t she have just given me a card for my birthday?

But then I started to think about it.  I thought maybe I could do this 6 mile run/walk.  I had been walking 3-4 miles for 4-5 days a week and also had been incorporating a bit of running.  So we went to this beautiful trail on Sunday along the Meremac River and started to run.   We trekked for 6 miles.  And actually, I did not think I was going to die.  Maria was giving me tips on how to keep a constant pace.  She was very encouraging.  And guess what?  Along with my daughter, I walk/ran 6 miles.  I was so excited when I hit the 6 mile mark and lived to tell the story.

So on Thanksgiving, my daughter Maria and I will be running in the Webster/Kirkwood 6 mile run together.  I will not make any excuses not to do this.  I have 5 weeks to train for this feat.  I thank my wonderful daughter for her amazing birthday gift to me.  It was not just a tangible gift.  It was a gift of encouragement and believing in me.  And it was a gift of friendship and spending time together.  Thank you my darling daughter, my best friend and running partner.

Happy Birthday to Me

Today I am 62 years old.  I feel great.  I have lost almost 40 pounds this past year and physically I am getting fitter and fitter every day.  I feel the best I have felt in a very, very long time.  And it is going to be a great day.  It started out perfect with a beautiful Vera Bradley bag that my husband, John,  gave me.  I have wanted a Vera Bradley carry all bag for a very long time.  And when I came downstairs to have my coffee, a gift bag and card were waiting for me.  What a great day to start my day.  Now I have a beautiful bag to carry my work out clothes to work in.

He also said something that I loved hearing.  He said “you have given yourself the best birthday present of all.  You have lost a lot of weight”.   Yes I have.  Happy Birthday to me.  And I do like my gift the best.  I have given myself a new outlook on life and a healthier lifestyle.

I had my weigh in at Weight Watchers yesterday.  I lost 3.4 pounds.  I was very happy with that loss.  I decided that I was going to count calories and count my Weight Watcher points and see how calories and points compared.  My daughter, Maria, has been telling me for a long time that I have been eating too much fruit.  But Weight Watchers told my that 5 fruits per day is worked into the plan.  CONFUSION.  Jillian Michaels says that I should be eating 1200 calories a day.  My Fitness Pal says the same thing.   So I tried not eating so much fruit this week.  If I added 5 fruits to my Weight Watchers daily plan I would have been well over 2,000 calories.  And I know that 2,000 calories is too many for me.

So this past week, I limited my intake of fruits to one to three a day.

Here is the breakdown – and I am being completely honest.

Tuesday – is my starting day of the week.  Because that is my Weight Watcher weigh in day.  1153 Calories – 17 points – Exercise Run/Walk 36 minutes

Wednesday – 1071 Calories – 22 points – Exercise –  Jillian Michaels 20 Minute workout

Thursday – 1464 Calories – 23 points – Exercise – Walk/Run 52 minutes

Friday – 1636 Calories – 30 points – Exercise (Day of rest – Jillian says you need one day of rest)

Saturday – 1183 Calories – 26 points – Exercise – Walk/Run 34 minutes

Sunday – 1362 Calories – 32 points – Exercise – Walk/Run 48 minutes

Monday – 1,472 Calories – 28 points – Exercise Jillian Michaels 20 minute workout and a 5 minute Tabata 5.5 run.

I am not sure of the correlation here of points to calories.  But I am noticing that calories and points seem to be close.  On my lower caloric days I was eating one cup of berries.  And on the higher caloric days I was eating 1-2 cups of berries and 2-3 apples a day.  I am going to try this again this week and see how the points/calories compare.

So today I am going to have a great rest of the day.  I am playing hooky from work (the beauty of owning your own business).  John is cooking up some bacon (3 slices is 120 calories and 4 WW points).  I am going to go for my walk/run and a bike ride on the Katy Trail.  And then off to the wineries in Augusta, MO and will be enjoying this most beautiful fall day.

And for todayI know I will be well over my 1200 calories and my 26 points – but after all IT IS MY BIRTHDAY!


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/json

book: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems

full_text:
Learning to Perceive Transparency from

the Statistics of Natural Scenes

Anat Levin

Assaf Zomet

Yair Weiss

School of Computer Science and Engineering

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

91904 Jerusalem, Israel

falevin,zomet,yweissg@cs.huji.ac.il

Abstract

Certain simple images are known to trigger a percept of trans-
parency: the input image I is perceived as the sum of two images
I(x; y) = I1(x; y) + I2(x; y). This percept is puzzling. First, why
do we choose the \more complicated" description with two images
rather than the \simpler" explanation I(x; y) = I1(x; y) + 0 ? Sec-
ond, given the inﬂnite number of ways to express I as a sum of two
images, how do we compute the \best" decomposition ?
Here we suggest that transparency is the rational percept of a sys-
tem that is adapted to the statistics of natural scenes. We present
a probabilistic model of images based on the qualitative statistics
of derivative ﬂlters and \corner detectors" in natural scenes and
use this model to ﬂnd the most probable decomposition of a novel
image. The optimization is performed using loopy belief propa-
gation. We show that our model computes perceptually \correct"
decompositions on synthetic images and discuss its application to
real images.

1

Introduction

Figure 1a shows a simple image that evokes the percept of transparency. The
image is typically perceived as a superposition of two layers: either a light square
with a dark semitransparent square in front of it or a dark square with a light
semitransparent square in front of it.

Mathematically, our visual system is taking a single image I(x; y) and representing
as the sum of two images:

I1(x; y) + I2(x; y) = I(x; y)

(1)

When phrased this way, the decomposition is surprising. There are obviously an
inﬂnite number of solutions to equation 1, how does our visual system choose one?
Why doesn’t our visual system prefer the \simplest" explanation I(x; y) = I1(x; y)+
0 ?

a

b

Figure 1: a. A simple image that evokes the percept of transparency. b. A simple
image that does not evoke the percept of transparency.

Figure 1b shows a similar image that does not evoke the percept of transparency.
Here again there are an inﬂnite number of solutions to equation 1 but our visual
system prefers the single layer solution.

Studies of the conditions for the percept of transparency go back to the very ﬂrst re-
search on visual perception (see [1] and references within). Research of this type has
made great progress in understanding the types of junctions and their eﬁects (e.g.
X junctions of a certain type trigger transparency, T junctions do not). However,
it is not clear how to apply these rules to an arbitrary image.

In this paper we take a simple Bayesian approach. While equation 1 has an inﬂnite
number of possible solutions, if we have prior probabilities P (I1(x; y)); P (I2(x; y))
then some of these solutions will be more probable than others. We use the statistics
of natural images to deﬂne simple priors and ﬂnally use loopy belief propagation
to ﬂnd the most probable decomposition. We show that while the model knows
nothing about \T junctions" or \X junctions", it can generate perceptually correct
decompositions from a single image.

2 Statistics of natural images

A remarkably robust property of natural images that has received much attention
lately is the fact that when derivative ﬂlters are applied to natural images, the ﬂlter
outputs tend to be sparse [5, 7]. Figure 2 illustrates this fact: the histogram of the
horizontal derivative ﬂlter is peaked at zero and fall oﬁ much faster than a Gaussian.
Similar histograms are observed for vertical derivative ﬂlters and for the gradient
magnitude: jrIj.

There are many ways to describe the non Gaussian nature of this distribution
(e.g. high kurtosis, heavy tails). Figure 2b illustrates the observation made by
Mallat [4] and Simoncelli [8]: that the distribution is similar to an exponential
density with exponent less than 1. We show the log probability for densities of the
form p(x) / e¡xﬁ
. We assume x 2 [0; 100] and plot the log probabilities so that
they agree on p(0); p(100). There is a qualitative diﬁerence between distributions
for which ﬁ > 1 (when the log probability is convex) and those for which ﬁ < 1
(when it becomes concave). As ﬂgure 2d shows, the natural statistics for derivative

deriv ﬂlter

corner operator

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Figure 2: a. A natural image. c Histogram of ﬂlter outputs. e Histogram of corner
detector outputs. d,e log histograms.

ﬂlters has the qualitative nature of a distribution e¡xﬁ

with ﬁ < 1.

In [9] the sparsity of derivative ﬂlters was used to decompose an image sequence as
a sum of two image sequences. Will this prior be su–cient for a single frame ? Note
that decomposing the image in ﬂgure 1a into two layers does not change the output
of derivative ﬂlters: exactly the same derivatives exist in the single layer solution
as in the two layer solution. Thus we cannot appeal to the marginal histogram of
derivative ﬂlters to explain the percept of transparency in this image.

There are two ways to go beyond marginal histograms of derivative ﬂlters. We
can either look at joint statistics of derivative ﬂlters at diﬁerent locations or ori-
entations [6] or look at marginal statistics of more complicated feature detectors
(e.g. [11]).

We looked at the marginal statistics of a \corner detector". The output of the
\corner detector" at a given location x0; y0 is deﬂned as:

c(x0; y0) = det(X w(x; y)(cid:181)

I 2
x(x; y)

Ix(x; y)Iy(x; y)

Ix(x; y)Iy(x; y)

I 2
y (x; y)

¶)

(2)

where w(x; y) is a small Gaussian window around x0; y0 and Ix; Iy are the derivatives
of the image.

Figures 2e,f show the histogram of this corner operator on a typical natural image.
Again, note that it has the qualitative statistic of a distribution e¡xﬁ

for ﬁ < 1.

To get a more quantitative description of the statistics we used maximum likelihood
to ﬂt a distribution of the form P (x) = 1
to gradient magnitudes and corner
detector histograms in a number of images. We found that the histograms shown
in ﬂgure 2 are typical: for both gradients and corner detectors the exponent was
less than 1 and the exponent for the corner detector was smaller than that of the
gradients. Typical exponents were 0:7 for the derivative ﬂlter and 0:25 for the corner
detector. The scaling parameter a of the corner detector was typically larger than

Z e¡axﬁ

that of the gradient magnitude.

3 Simple prior predicts transparency

Motivated by the qualitative statistics observed in natural images we now deﬂne a
probability distribution over images. We deﬂne the log probability of an image by
means of a probability over its gradients:

log P (Ix; Iy) = ¡ log Z ¡Xx;y ¡jrI(x; y)jﬁ + ·c(x; y)ﬂ¢

(3)

with ﬁ = 0:7; ﬂ = 0:25. The parameter · was determined by the ratio of the scaling
parameters in the corner and gradient distributions.

Given a candidate decomposition of an image I into I1 and I2 = I ¡ I1 we deﬂne
the log probability of the decomposition as the sum of the log probabilities of the
gradients of I1 and I2. Of course this is only an approximation: we are ignoring
dependencies between the gradients across space and orientation. Although this is
a weak prior, one can ask: is this enough to predict transparency? That is, is the
most probable interpretation of ﬂgure 1a one with two layers and the most probable
decomposition of ﬂgure 1b one with a single layer?

Answering this question requires ﬂnding the global maximum of equation 3. To
gain some intuition we calculated the log probability of a one dimensional family
of solutions. We deﬂned s(x; y) the image of a single white square in the same
location as the bottom right square in ﬂgure 1a,b. We considered decompositions
of the form I1 = (cid:176)s(x; y),I2 = I ¡ I1 and evaluated the log probability for values of
(cid:176) between ¡1 and 2.

Figure 3a shows the result for ﬂgure 1a. The most probable decomposition is the
one that agrees with the percept: (cid:176) = 1 one layer for the white square and another
for the gray square. Figure 3b shows the result for ﬂgure 1b. The most probable
decomposition again agrees with the percept: (cid:176) = 0 so that one layer is zero and
the second contains the full image.

3.1 The importance of being non Gaussian

Equation 3 can be verbally described as preferring decompositions where the total
edge and corner detector magnitudes are minimal. Would any cost function that
has this preference give the same result?

Figure 3c shows the result with ﬁ = ﬂ = 2 for the transparency ﬂgure (ﬂgure 1a).
This would be the optimal interpretation if the marginal histograms of edge and
corner detectors were Gaussian. Now the optimal interpretation indeed contains
two layers but they are not the ones that humans perceive. Thus the non Gaussian
nature of the histograms is crucial for getting the transparency percept. Similar
\non perceptual" decompositions are obtained with other values of ﬁ; ﬂ > 1.

We can get some intuition for the importance of having exponents smaller than
1 from the following observation which considers the analog of the transparency
problem with scalars. We wish to solve the equation a + b = 1 and we have a prior
over positive scalars of the form P (x).

Observation: The MAP solution to the scalar transparency problem is obtained
with a = 1; b = 0 or a = 0; b = 1 if and only if log P (x) is concave.

The proof follows directly from the deﬂnition of concavity.

160

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Figure 3: a-b. negative log probability (equation 3) for a sequence of decompo-
sitions of ﬂgure 1a,b respectively. The ﬂrst layer is always a single square with
contrast (cid:176) and the second layer is shown in the insets. c. negative log probability
(equation 3) for a sequence of decompositions of ﬂgure 1a with ﬁ = ﬂ = 2.

4 Optimization using loopy BP

Finding the most likely decomposition requires a highly nonlinear optimization. We
chose to discretize the problem and use max-product loopy belief propagation to ﬂnd
the optimum. We deﬂned a graphical model in which every node gi corresponded to
a discretization of the gradient of one layer I1 at that location gi = (gix; giy)T . For
every value of gi we deﬂned fi which represents the gradient of the second layer at
that location: fi = (Ix; Iy)T ¡ gi. Thus the two gradients ﬂelds fgig; ffig represent
a valid decomposition of the input image I.

The joint probability is given by:

P (g) =

1

Z Yi

“i(gi) Y

“ijkl(gi; gj; gk; gl)

where < ijkl > refers to four adjacent pixels that form a 2x2 local square.

The local potential “i(gi) is based on the histograms of derivative ﬂlters:

where T is an arbitrary system \temperature".

“i(gi) = e(¡jgjﬁ¡jf jﬁ)=T

(4)

(5)

The fourway potential: “ijkl(gi; gj; gk; gl) is based on the histogram of the corner
operator:
“ijkl(gi; gj; gk; gl) = e¡·=T (det(gigT

l )ﬂ +det(fif T

j +gkgT

i +gj gT

k +glgT

i +fj f T

j +fkf T

k +flf T

l )ﬂ)

(6)
To enforce integrability of the gradient ﬂelds the fourway potential is set to zero
when gi; gj; gk; gl violate the integrability constraint (cf. [3]).

The graphical model deﬂned by equation 4 has many loops. Nevertheless motivated
by the recent results on similar graphs [2, 3] we ran the max-product belief propa-
gation algorithm on it. The max-product algorithm ﬂnds a gradient ﬂeld fgig that
is a local maximum of equation 4 with respect to a large neighbourhood [10]. This
gradient ﬂeld also deﬂnes the complementary gradient ﬂeld ffig and ﬂnally we in-
tegrate the two gradient ﬂelds to ﬂnd the two layers. Since equation 4 is completely
symmetric in ff g and fgg we break the symmetry by requiring that the gradient
in a single location gi0 belong to layer 1.

In order to run BP we need to somehow discretize the space of possible gradients
at each pixel. Similar to the approach taken in [2] we use the local potentials to

g
g
Input I

Output I1

Output I2

Figure 4: Output of the algorithm on synthetic images. The algorithm eﬁectively
searches over an exponentially large number of possible decompositions and chooses
decompositions that agree with the percept.

sample a small number of candidate gradients at each pixel. Since the local potential
penalizes non zero gradients, the most probable candidates are gi = (Ix; Iy) and
gi = (0; 0). We also added two more candidates at each pixel gi = (Ix; 0) and
gi = (0; Iy). With this discretization there are still an exponential number of
possible decompositions of the image. We have found that the results are unchanged
when more candidates are introduced at each pixel.

Figure 4 shows the output of the algorithm on the two images in ﬂgure 1. An
animation that illustrates the dynamics of BP on these images is available at
www.cs.huji.ac.il= »yweiss. Note that the algorithm is essentially searching expo-
nentially many decompositions of the input images and knows nothing about \X
junctions" or \T junctions" or squares. Yet it ﬂnds the decompositions that are
consistent with the human percept.

Will our simple prior also allow us to decompose a sum of two real images ? We
ﬂrst tried a one dimensional family of solutions as in ﬂgure 3. We found that for
real images that have very little texture (e.g. ﬂgure 5b) the maximal probability
solution is indeed obtained at the perceptually correct solution. However, nearly
any other image that we tried had some texture and on such images the model failed
(e.g. 5a). When there is texture in both layers, the model always prefers a one layer
decomposition: the input image plus a zero image. To understand this failure,
recall that the model prefers decompositions that have few corners and few edges.
According to the simple \edge" and \corner" operators that we have used, real
images have edges and corners at nearly every pixel so the two layer decomposition
has twice as many edges and corners as the one layer decomposition. To decompose
general real images we need to use more sophisticated features to deﬂne our prior.

Even for images with little texture standard belief propagation with synchronous

a

c

b

d

Figure 5: When we sum two arbitrary images (e.g. in a.) the model usually prefers
the one layer solution. This is because of the texture that results in gradients and
corners at every pixel. For real images that are relatively texture free (e.g. in b.)
the model does prefer splitting into two layers (c. and d.)

updates did not converge. Signiﬂcant manual tweaking was required to get BP to
converge. First, we manually divided the input image into smaller patches and ran
BP separately on each patch. Second, to minimize discretization artifacts we used
a diﬁerent number of gradient candidates at each pixel and always included the
gradients of the original images in the list of candidates at that pixel. Third, to
avoid giving too much weight to corners and edges in textured regions, we increased
the temperature at pixels where the gradient magnitude was not a local maximum.
The results are shown at the bottom of 5. In preliminary experiments we have found
that similar results can be obtained with far less tweaking when we use generalized
belief propagation to do the optimization.

5 Discussion

The percept of transparency is a paradigmatic example of the ill-posedness of vision:
the number of equations is half the number of unknowns. Nevertheless our visual
systems reliably and eﬁectively compute a decomposition of a single image into
two images. In this paper we have argued that this perceptual decomposition may
correspond to the most probable decomposition using a simple prior over images
derived from natural scene statistics.

We were surprised with the mileage we got out of the very simple prior we used: even
though it only looks at two operators (gradients, and cornerness) it can generate
surprisingly powerful predictions. However, our experiments with real images show
that this simple prior is not powerful enough.
In future work we would like to
add additional features. One way to do this is by deﬂning features that look for

\texture edges" and \texture corners" and measuring their statistics in real images.
A second way to approach this is to use a full exponential family maximum likelihood
algorithm (e.g. [11]) that automatically learned which operators to look at as well
as the weights on the histograms.

References

[1] E.H. Adelson. Lightness perception and lightness illusions. In M. Gazzaniga,

editor, The new cognitive neurosciences, 2000.

[2] W.T. Freeman and E.C. Pasztor. Learning to estimate scenes from images.
In M.S. Kearns, S.A. Solla, and D.A. Cohn, editors, Adv. Neural Information
Processing Systems 11. MIT Press, 1999.

[3] B.J. Frey, R. Koetter, and N. Petrovic. Very loopy belief propagation for
unwrapping phase images. In Adv. Neural Information Processing Systems 14.
2001.

[4] S. Mallat. A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition : the wavelet

representation. IEEE Trans. PAMI, 11:674{693, 1989.

[5] B.A. Olshausen and D. J. Field. Emergence of simple-cell receptive ﬂeld prop-
erties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature, 381:607{608, 1996.

[6] J. Portilla and E. P. Simoncelli. A parametric texture model based on joint
statistics of complex wavelet coe–cients. Int’l J. Comput. Vision, 40(1):49{71,
2000.

[7] E.P. Simoncelli. Statistical models for images:compression restoration and syn-
thesis. In Proc Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pages
673{678, 1997.

[8] E.P. Simoncelli. Bayesian denoising of visual images in the wavelet domain. In

P Mller and B Vidakovic, editors, Wavelet based models, 1999.

[9] Y. Weiss. Deriving intrinsic images from image sequences. In Proc. Intl. Conf.

Computer Vision, pages 68{75. 2001.

[10] Y. Weiss and W.T. Freeman. On the optimality of solutions of the max-
product belief propagation algorithm in arbitrary graphs. IEEE Transactions
on Information Theory, 47(2):723{735, 2001.

[11] Song Chun Zhu, Zing Nian Wu, and David Mumford. Minimax entropy prin-
ciple and its application to texture modeling. Neural Computation, 9(8):1627{
1660, 1997.

given_name: Anat

family_name: Levin

given_name: Assaf

family_name: Zomet

given_name: Yair

family_name: Weiss


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Becoming A Butterfly

I have sat down so many times to start this post, and I either have too many thoughts in my head to write coherently, or something pulls me away from my computer. I feel like I am being pulled in so many directions at once, just trying to get everything done. I'm trying to get things done, but lately, it seems like no matter what I get done, my to-do list is getting longer and longer.

Investigation At Our House (featuring Ghostnet Paranormal)

As you know, last week I was on vacation with my family. Before I left for vacation, though, we had Ghostnet Paranormal come out to our house for an investigation. While I have shared the ghostly going ons in our home with y'all for the two years or so, I felt that it would be best to have someone come out to verify our claims, so you know that what we share is legit.

A Year In Review

As I mentioned in a previous post, our little family has been pretty busy this past year. I figured I would take a moment to go over some of the stuff we have been up to.

Meet Elizabeth: Our Haunted Doll

A lot of people have sent me questions about supposedly haunted objects or dolls being sold on eBay and other similar platforms. Since I hadn’t dealt with anything like that personally, Jeremy and I decided to try it out.

Meet Our Ghosts: My Dad

When Dad was alive he spoke often to us about how he and his brother always said that if they could come back after they died, they would come back, and they would let their families know they were there. Dad had told us that would need to watch for signs that he was visiting.

Meet Our Ghosts: Rampu

One of the great things about living in Japan is finding random little thrift shops. Jeremy and I love exploring thrift stores trying to find hidden jewels. One of our favorite shops in Iwakuni is called Dragonfly. Last summer while walking around the back part of Dragonfly, Jeremy found this old lamp. It was an older touch lamp. He really wanted it because his grandmother had a very similar lamp and it reminded him of her.

Meet Our Ghosts: Al (Part Two)

In my previous post I introduced you to Al… well, George as he was originally known by. As I had mentioned, it took a few years before I learned who he really was. This post is about how I learned about him.

Meet Our Ghosts: Al (Part One)

Al is the spirt that has been with me the longest. Actually, when I first knew he was around me, my roommate Nellie and I called him George. It would be a few years before we found out what his real name was. At the time though George seemed to fit him.

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127, avenue des Champs-Élysées

01 45 63 12 51

Charles de Gaulle Étoile / George V

Ode to 30 avenue Montaigne – Monsieur Dior’s private mansion, in the form of a trompe- l’oeil, the couture house’s new showcase unrolls a ribbon staircase over three oors to discover the brand’s iconic pieces and latest collections, as well as works and sculptures from the Nilufar and Negropontes galleries and furniture by Dimore Studio, Paolo Castelli, Osanna Visconti di Modrone, Ramy Fischler and Philippe Malouin.

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park4night > > Detail of a place

Nature Protect
Merci de préserver la nature et l'environnement ! 🙏

Surrounded by nature

Beautiful isolated place, along a path where we did not meet anyone in high season. Quiet night. Spectacular view of the fjord. At the Dynandji waterfall, continue along the path that runs along the edge of the water.
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SociDynamo Money-Printing Machine That Works For You AUTOPILOT!

SociDynamo Pro WP Plugin INSTANT ACCESS! Site Building Software

SociDynamo created by Brett Ingram. SociDynamo is a wordpress plugin that produces commission generating viral traffic websites in minutes. With SociDynamo you may produce endless aesthetic pages on any type of type of sort of wordpress site with countless...


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Stage 1 Butterfly Mixed Media

Hello Friends!

Over the weekend I began preparing this new canvas for another mixed media butterfly. After I collaged it, I dropped some alcohol inks on it and used a straw to blow them around for some shapes that resemble butterfly wings.

After I took this picture I whitewashed the canvas with Liquitex Absorbent Ground to dull the ink splotches some so I can draw the butterfly and paint it in watercolors. Wish me luck! I probably won’t get to do it today, though, because I have to go to town.

Have a wonderful day, and give someone you love a big hug! 😀

About whitefeatherfloating

When I began this blog I was simply going to share my writing. However, after being part of the blogging world for quite some time now, I decided to begin sharing my artwork. Patsy's Creative Corner will always have my artwork and some writing, but I also created a blog called "My Crazy Life!" in order to simply write my short autobiography and hopefully get some feedback on it as I go. However, it is a very slow project right now. You can find it here: Thanks for visiting! :)

Posted on July 31, 2019, in Art Talk and tagged , , , . Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.

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Word Dancer: Literature, the Arts, & Education

Exploring Curiosity, Imagination, and Wonder

The New Renaissance Mindset

A Creative's Guide to Infinite Curiosity & Life-Long Learning

Visions of a People's Dharma

Freedom using the People's Wisdom

Olga Furman Art

There is an artist in each of us

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Terms & Conditions

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Before proceeding with an order, you will be required to show that you have read and understood the following terms and conditions. We recommend that you print a copy of these Terms and Conditions for your future reference.

This website is the property of Paul McGuckin. All material on this website is copyright of Paul McGuckin and is provided solely for your personal, non-commercial use. You may not use this website for any commercial purpose.

2. Products and Pricing

We take every care to ensure that product descriptions are accurate at the time of uploading products to the website. Although every effort is made to ensure accuracy, typographical errors may occur. We will strive to rectify any errors as swiftly as possible. We reserve the right to withdraw any product from the website without any prior notification. We also reserve the right to amend prices of products without prior notification.

Our products are priced in Euro. When paying by credit/debit card this is the amount which will be deducted from your debit or credit card.  When purchasing products with sterling or other currencies, debit or credit cards, the exchange rates will be set by the cardholder’s bank.  These rates fluctuate on a daily basis. For further information, cardholder should contact their bank as exchange rates are not applied by Paul McGuckin.  All prices shown on our website are inclusive of VAT.

3. Ordering Goods

When an order is placed on our website, you will receive a confirmation email confirming we have received your order and it is being processed.  You will receive a second email from us acknowledging your order has been dispatched with a tracking number where applicable.

All products are subject to availability.  Our display of products on our website is an invitation and not an offer to sell those goods to you. An offer is made when you place the order for your products.

If products that you order are out of stock, subject to a delay or the price is higher than that shown on your order, we will try to contact you at the email address you provided when placing your order. If we cannot contact you or receive no response to our email, we will continue to process any remaining products on your order. We will not supply a replacement product without your authorisation.  If you would like to cancel your order please see returns section of our policy.

Delivery rates and time vary from product choice and location of delivery, please see information on product pages and/or in the checkout page for specific information regarding you product choice and order

4. Company Registration details

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Evansville Health InsuranceHealth Insurance

Should Millennials get Evansville’s Top Rated Health Insurance Provider?

Evansville's Top Rated Health Insurance

Young, healthy, happy millennials, living on a song and gliding through life without health insurance, may be wondering if they should sign up for health insurance by Evansville’s Top Rated Health Insurance Provider – Paulson Insurance for their own sake.

The young person’s quandary? Chances are that many millennials can get by without coverage; they don’t get very hurt or very sick very often, and the fine next year isn’t huge. However, the uninsured are taking a big risk. Bad luck — an accident or serious illness — could leave them bankrupt with their credit ruined, and receiving shoddy care.

First, let’s look at the cost of coverage.
Most millennials without insurance are on the low end of the income scale. While preventive care is free, buying insurance doesn’t take care of all medical bills. It does, however, does ward off financial ruin in the case of serious bad luck, and having insurance means easy access to care. Doctors like to be paid.

Next, let’s look at the cost of bad luck for someone without insurance.
Suppose you twist your knee playing soccer. Without coverage, fixing it will be at least $20,000 to repair the ACL ligament. Can’t pay it? Buy some crutches. They run about $30. You’ll also take on the risk of tissue damage and early arthritis.

Compared to a torn knee, a simple broken arm is a bargain — about $2,500 in the emergency room, but many thousands more if surgery is needed. Meanwhile, and doctors charge uninsured people a lot more than they charge an insurance company. Insurers bargain down prices; individuals have no such power. If you have insurance, you’ll get charged at the discounted insurance company rate, which should save you money as you spend through the deductible.
The bottom line for the young: If you’re uninsured, don’t take up rugby. Better yet, contact Evansville’s Top Rated Health Insurance Provider – Paulson Insurance. Although the vast majority of millennials stay healthy, serious trouble is not rare. Those without insurance are playing the odds. If they win, they’ve saved the insurance premiums. If they lose, they’re ruined.

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I love pop music: 10 playlists

The past few months have been a wonderful discovery of new music, or recent music I hadn’t heard before. I can’t even remember the last time I had so many good choices to listen to in the car, rather than relying on just one or two albums or artists (which isn’t too bad a situation either). Now, there’s a kid-in-a-candy-store feeling to driving.

I now see that ‘the album’ is no longer the way to listen to an artist’s songs. Sure, the artist could arrange their songs in an order that feels most right to them, but then the listener doesn’t have to keep with that, instead rearranging the songs in a playlist of their own.

Here are the artists, and the Spotify playlists I’ve made of them:

hvHey VioLeT – First heard them with the song ‘Break my heart’ last October. It was interesting enough to save the album on Spotify. But then, I really got into them this April, with my favorite songs still being ‘Hoodie’ and ‘Where have you been (all my night).’

axAllie X – Apparently, Katy Perry made Allie famous in 2014, but I had no idea she existed until April, when I heard ‘Tumor’ randomly played by Spotify (Thank you, Algorithms, whatever you are!). The song is one of my less favorite ones of hers, but it was enough to arouse my interest in her two albums, of which apparently ‘Collxtion II’ is a stronger work. I love the instrumentation, simple melodies that don’t get tiring within one minute (not even three), and she belts it out like Sarah Brightman (but with better songs).

ggfoGreat Good Fine Ok – Very little representation of male vocalists in this list, and my favorite musical discoveries of the past decade are of people with vaginas (Taylor Swift, Katy Perry, Ellie Goulding, Carly Rae Jepsen), but the melodies and beats of this group are just very great good fine okay.

ffFickle Friends – Solid songs. It was in discovering the song ‘Velvet’ that I realized what a great age of pop music we are in right now, for which I’m so grateful. I mean, it would be so easy to have never heard of this group.

mauMUNA – Holy shit. ‘About U’ is the first album in more than a decade that I like all the songs of. The weakest song ‘Winterbreak’ is apparently a favorite of many, and the only reason it’s my least favorite is because the verse reminds me of The 1975, who are okay I guess but all their songs sound the same. And MUNA’s Tegan and Sara collaboration cover ‘Relief next to me’ is better than any Tegan and Sara song that I’ve heard.

tasTegan and Sara – I’ve tried listening to their stuff from the early 2000s, but they only get interesting to me when they began working with producer Greg Kurstin in 2013.

snrShura – This woman is brilliant. She recreates the 1980s more convincingly and authentically than anyone else I know. It’s only been a week, but I just love her melodies.

pwPaperwhite – Haven’t really gotten into them, but they sound good.

bwBetty Who – This artist kept showing up randomly on my Spotify, and I liked what I heard enough to listen to her albums. Just good and happy stuff. She sounds like Katy Perry.

crnAssorted – This is my playlist for artists whose one or three songs I like enough to want to listen again. My current favorite song is ‘Sing me to sleep,’ which I found out was a big hit two years ago – the YouTube video has been watched 425 million times!

You probably notice my predilection for the 1980s. With the current indie-ish music scene, it feels like the mid-1990s that gave us TLC, the Backstreet Boys, the Spice Girls, etc. (who have their good songs too, to be fair) was a detour and we’re now back on track. In the current golden age, there is renewed emphasis on the power of reverb (not too much though), atmospheric synth, and probably most importantly, creative, atypical melodies uncontaminated by hip-hop, which is not totally a negative thing, though I’m using it in a negative sense here, where rhythm and lyrics take precedence over melody instead of work with it.

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It was generated using the WordPress content management system and the Google Sitemap Generator Plugin by Arne Brachhold.
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The LFS Payments Area

Welcome to the LFS Payments Area.

How this works

This is where you can pay all fees associated with the courses and workshops run by the London Film School.  This site is just the 'shopping cart' area where you select the courses you wish to pay for and add them to your 'basket'.

No Credit Card/Debit Card details are entered into this site.  When you click on the Make Payment button, you will be transfered to the Sage Pay secure servers, where the Credit Card or Debit Card details will be taken from you.

Click on the appropiate Category on the left under Fee Payment By Category.  You will be given a list of courses/workshops or associated fees. Click on the BUY button to add the item to your basket and you will see the item added to the list on the left under Shopping Basket.  Click on View Basket when you finished adding all items, and then click on.

Registering with this site

You do NOT have to register with this site in order to pay for the courses/workshops. However if you do register, your details (name, address, etc - NOT credit/debit cards) will be kept on the database, so the next time you pay, you will not have to enter them again.  You also will be able to view the history of your payments.

We accept the following credit cards

Other methods of payment

By Cheque and Banker's Draft (drawn on a UK bank only) enclosed with the complete Enrolment Form, and sent to us by post.

Workshops and Short Courses:

Bank transfers can only be accepted for workshops and short courses if requested and arranged in advance.

Submitting a bank transfer for a workshop/short course place without prior arrangement may result in cancellation. Please email for details.

Bank Transfer:Please refer to your tuition fee invoice for London Film School bank details if you wish to pay by bank transfer.

Cick Here to go back to the LFS site

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Terms & Conditions

1. These conditions
1.1 The making of any order by the customer for goods or services provided by Payphone Service shall for all purposes be deemed to be acceptance by the customer of these conditions, to the exclusion of any other conditions, whether the customers conditions or otherwise.
1.2 No variation of these conditions is to be permitted, unless permission is expressly given in writing by the proprietor of Payphone Service.
2. The goods
2.1 Subject to the warranty contained in clause 6.1 all descriptions, drawings and details relating to goods on the web site or in any catalogue, leaflet, brochure or other documents are for illustrative purposes only and as such do not form any part of the agreement between Payphone Service and the customer. All representations as to performance of goods are based on information supplied by the manufacturer of the said goods and relate to their performance when used correctly under normal conditions.
2.2 Unless expressly agreed otherwise, goods supplied will be in accordance with manufacturer's normal specifications and designs current at the date of manufacture or delivery and the supply by Payphone Service of goods differing from any contractual or pre-contractual specifications or descriptions shall not be a breach of the agreement between Payphone Service and the customer insofar as the goods are of approximately equivalent performance to the goods referred to in such specifications or descriptions.
3. Delivery and risk
3.1 Unless otherwise expressly agreed, the cost price shown in Payphone Service's price list or on the web site is exclusive of value added tax. Payphone Service is no longer registered for VAT.
3.2 The time of delivery is not the essence. The agreed date or dates of delivery are estimates only and a failure by Payphone Service to comply with them shall not be a breach of these conditions.
3.3 The goods shall be at the customers risk from the time of delivery.
3.4 It is a requirement that the customer inspects the goods on receipt and notifies Payphone Service of any defects or complaints within 3 days.
4. Property in the goods
4.1 Notwithstanding risk in the goods passes to the customer in accordance with clause 3.3 of these conditions the goods shall remain the sole and absolute property of Payphone Service and title to and legal and equitable ownership of the goods shall not pass to the customer until payment is received by Payphone Service of all monies due from the customer to Payphone Service in respect of all goods supplied by Payphone Service to the customer and the customer acknowledges that until such payment is made in full it is in possession of the goods solely as a fiduciary for Payphone Service.
4.2 Payphone Service licences the customer to use or to agree to sell the goods provided that the entire proceeds of any sale of such goods are held in trust for Payphone Service and are not mixed with other monies or paid into an overdrawn bank account and shall at all times be identifiable as Payphone Service money.
4.3 Until title to the goods passes to the customer the goods shall be kept separate and distinct from all other property of the customer and of third parties and in good condition and stored in such a way as to be clearly identifiable as belonging to Payphone Service and the customer will not cause or permit or suffer any labels, badges, serial numbers or other means of identification of the goods to be removed or obscured.
4.4 Payphone Service may enter upon for the purposes of recovering its goods any premises where they are stored or where they are reasonably thought to be stored and may repossess the same.
5. Price and payment
5.1 Unless otherwise expressly agreed the price is payable on ordering for all goods ordered from the web site. For all other methods of ordering the price is payable on invoice and in no circumstances is payment to be received later than 30 days from the invoice date. Also see clause 5.3.
5.2 Unless otherwise stated, all payments are to be made in sterling. Payments in Euros or US dollars can be made via the web site or by telephone using a debit or credit card.
5.3 For goods not paid for at the time of ordering time for payment is of the essence and if payment is not made within 30 days from the date of invoice Payphone Service may require the customer to pay interest at 5% per month from the date of the invoice compounded monthly.
5.4 The price shall be payable without any deduction or set-off.
5.5 Payphone Service do not keep any customer's card details.
6. Warranty and liability
6.1 Payphone Service undertakes to credit the customer or to remedy by repair or replacement any defects in the goods under the manufacturer's guarantee provided the customer notifies North East Payphones promptly of such a defect and where the customer arranges for the prompt return of the defective goods at the risk and expense of the customer.
6.2 Save as herein specially provided and save to the extent that the same cannot by statute be excluded all conditions and warranties or representations express or implied statutory or otherwise in relation to the goods are hereby excluded. Nothing in this clause 6.2 of these conditions shall exclude the undertakings implied by section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979.
6.3 Payphone service shall not be liable for any financial consequences or indirect loss suffered by the customer or any third party whether such loss arises from a breach of a duty in contract or tort or in any way including without limitation to the generality of this exclusion, loss of profits, economic loss, loss of goodwill, loss of contracts, loss of data, damage to the property of the customer or anyone else and personal injury to the customer or anyone else, except as such injury is attributable to Payphone Service negligence.
6.4 To be valid any claim against Payphone Service must be brought within one year of the date of invoice and any such claim shall be limited to the amount by way of liquidised damages equal to the invoice value of the goods in respect of which the claim is made.
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Payphone Service shall not be liable to the customer for any failure to perform its obligations due to any circumstances beyond its control (including without limitation strikes, lockouts, industrial disputes, failure or power supply delays by BT or any other person, firm or company, delays caused by the manufacturer of the goods, riots, civil disturbance, war or warlike activity, embargoes, fire, explosion, flood or natural causes, Acts of God, Mutiny on the High Seas, hijack, skyjack, and treason) and in any such event Payphone Service may elect that the time for performance shall be extended until such time as Payphone Service can reasonably effect performance.
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All demands, notices and other communications shall be in writing and addressed to Payphone Service at its address shown in invoices delivered by it and to the customer given by it for delivery of invoices (or as subsequently notified by one to the other in writing) and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made by letter 48 hours after being posted first class postage pre- paid.
9. Privacy Policy
As part of the services we provide we necessarily collect personal and financial information from you. Our Privacy Policy sets out how we deal with that information.
9.1 We do NOT share your information with any other party, manually, or by third party links, except with PayPal for the purposes only of processing your payment.
9.2 We do NOT hold your credit or debit card number. If you have this to us via telephone, email or in person we will transmit it to PayPal only in order to process the payment. Confirmation documentation from PayPal to us does NOT include the full card number.
9.3 If you have provided your card number via our website on the PayPal payment page we do NOT get the card number details from PayPal.
9.4 Children are not eligible to use our services and we therefore ask that minors (under the age of 18) do not provide us with any personal or financial information.
9.5 If you provide us with any of the following information :- name, address, email, telephone number. We will use that information only for the purposes of fulfilling your order for goods or services. We will store that information for a period, as required by law,in a locked storage cabinet access to which is restricted to authorised personnel only. Financial information is covered by 2. and 3. above.
9.6 We do NOT hold any information on our computers as 'cookies', or store IP addresses, so if you make a second or subsequent transaction with us you would need to provide us with your information afresh.
9.7 We can, on request, let you know what information we hold on you and you then have the opportunity to change that information if it is incorrect.
10. Law and jurisdiction
These conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English Law


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United States of Agitation is a podcast based on the idea that we, as a nation, can do better. In a time when American politics feels overwhelming and stressful, we’ll explore how to restore hope through united action. Join hosts Peter Kurze and Emily Kurze as they discuss current issues, how they affect you, and most importantly, what you can do about it.

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Obituary for Marilyn Edwards – Macon, GA

Marilyn Bennett Edwards (December 25, 1931 – May 22, 2021) Marilyn Bennett Edwards died on May 22, 2021 in Macon, GA. Marilyn was born in Jacksonville, Florida to Oscar and Eula Bennett. She lived in Waycross and Valdosta, Georgia and moved to Spartanburg, South Carolina when she was five years old.

She graduated from Spartanburg High School as an Honor Graduate and moved to Macon to attend Wesleyan College, where she received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Sociology in 1954. After graduation, she met her future husband Robert Edwards at a YWCA dance. Marilyn worked for the Bibb County Welfare Department and later had a career at the Medical Center of Central Georgia, where she worked in social services from October 1966 until her retirement in 1994.

Marilyn was a member of the Middle Georgia CB Radio Club, the Glenhaven Garden Club (President), the Georgia Association of Hospital Social Workers (civil servant), and the Association of Public Welfare Workers. She was an active member of the Church after attending Cherokee Heights Methodist Church and Lizella United Methodist Church. She has served as Chair of the Missions, President of the Joy Sunday School Class, and Secretary of the United Methodist Women. She led and supported the projects Operation Shoebox, Angel Tree and Thanksgiving Fruit Basket.

Marilyn is preceded in death by her husband, Robert B. Edwards, Sr., and her daughter, Lynn Edwards. She is survived by her loving children Cathy (Orhan) Moss, Susan (Gary) Grant, Robert Edwards Jr., and Richard Edwards; and her grandchildren Jeffrey Jones, Heather (Randy) Clemons, Joshua (Brittany) Grant, Alexandra (Patrick) Leahy, Amelia (Marcus) Baker and Bennett Edwards, and six great-grandchildren.

Services will be held on Thursday, May 27, 2021 at 11:00 a.m. at Lizella United Methodist Church. The tour takes place at the Snows Memorial Chapel on Pio Nono Avenue on Wednesdays from 5:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. and follows the service in the church. Rev. Josh Gale and Rev. Loran Smith to officiate. The funeral will take place in Riverside Cemetery for families only. Flowers are accepted or donations can be made to Lizella United Methodist Church, 2920 S. Lizella Road, Lizella 31052.

Visit to express honors. The Snow’s Memorial Chapel on Pio Nono Avenue is responsible for the organization.

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Peakbagger.com Search Page

Search for Peak Lists or Registered Climbers on separate pages.

Peak Search: Search for individual peaks pages on the site. Select a nation or state to restrict results to that area.
Radius Search: Enter a latitiude and longitude in decimal degrees to find peaks near a point.  Latitude:   Longitude:           Ladders:
Mountain Range Search: Search for mountain ranges, based on the PEMRACS range names.
Site Search: Search for any words anywhere on the Peakbagger.com site.

Show Results using Metric Units

Radius Search from Corral Hollow Hill

NameLocationRange Elev-Ft  Dist-Mi  Bearing Prom-FtRadius Search
Bloods RidgeUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  84951.25495Radius Search
Flagpole PointUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  79332.43133Radius Search
Osborne HillUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  78152.91215Radius Search
Mount RebaUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  87553.16115Radius Search
Poison BenchmarkUSA-CA   84203.27 Radius Search
Mattley RidgeUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  79553.65355Radius Search
Reba BenchmarkUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  88423.74189Radius Search
Mokelumne PeakUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  93344.311494Radius Search
Inspiration PointUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  79204.64400Radius Search
Sapps HillUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  73075.03347Radius Search
Underwood-Avalanche SummitUSA-CA   88545.04 Radius Search
Peak 8840USA-CA  Sierra Nevada  88405.35320Radius Search
Peak 8512USA-CA   85125.56 Radius Search
Peak 8303USA-CA  Sierra Nevada  83035.74303Radius Search
Peak 6963USA-CA  Sierra Nevada  69635.87283Radius Search
Cape HornUSA-CA   80455.89 Radius Search
Elephant RockUSA-CA  Sierra Nevada  74235.99143Radius Search
Peak 7068USA-CA  Sierra Nevada  70686.17468Radius Search
Wheeler BenchmarkUSA-CA   89776.21 Radius Search
Peak 9115USA-CA  Sierra Nevada  91156.41035Radius Search

Search Help

Peak Search Help
  • Use this option to search for a certain peak, quickly listing all peaks that match your search string.
  • For Peak Search, you must enter at least three characters.
  • Do not enter any wildcard characters--the search automatically searches any part of a name.
  • Do not abbreviate any words. Type "Mount Saint Helens", not "Mt. St. Helens".
  • The maximum number of search results for any Peak Search is about 100.
  • For common peak names, you can filter by selecting a Nation and/or State from the drop-down lists. Select a blank row to clear this filter.
  • Searching is not case-sensitive and ignores all accents and diacritics.
  • The results are in order of how many page hits a Peak has received on this site, so the most popular results should be listed first.
Radius Search Help
  • This will return a list all nearest peaks to a point, ordered by distance from the given point.
  • For Radius Search, use WGS84 decimal degrees for latitude and longitude. South latitude and west longitude are negative. For example: 47.5, -122.84
  • Radius Search results will only find peaks within 100 km of the latitude/longitude, and only the closest 20 peaks if there are more than 20.
  • To do a Radius Search around a peak, do a "Peak/Range Search" first, and the results will have a "Radius Search" link for every returned peak.
  • Checking one of the "Ladder" boxes will return a list of peaks in ascending order of elevation or prominence, starting from the given point.
  • Every page for an individual peak on the site has a "Radius Search" link, plus links for the Elevation and Prominence Ladders.
Mountain Range Search Help
  • Use this option to search for a mountain range. The rules for searching match those used for a Peak Search.
Site Search Help
  • Use this option to search for text in trip reports, peak descriptions, or any other text on the site.
  • The Site Search may not have indexed recently added or updated content.

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For a child or adult with an intellectual disability, boarding a bus, interviewing for a job, going to the dentist or getting ready for bed often can’t be done without a family member. For their families, seeing their children grow up to achieve their dreams seems nearly impossible.

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Peak offers the help and resources these families need to live, learn and work toward their dreams of independence. For over 60 years, we've supported the families in our communities – your neighbors and friends – by giving their loved ones opportunities to live, learn and work as independently as they can, and giving them the peace of mind that knowing their son, daughter, sister or uncle will be taken care of.

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Please make a gift today. No gift is too small:

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Your donation will support services. Peak Community Services has been operating since 1955 and is a 501(c)3 tax exempt organization, IRS Section 170(b)(2)(iii). Deductions are eligible from the federal and state income taxes.

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