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March equinox

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UT date and time of
equinoxes and solstices on Earth[1][2]
event equinox solstice equinox solstice
month March June September December
year day time day time day time day time
2016 20 04:31 20 22:35 22 14:21 21 10:45
2017 20 10:29 21 04:25 22 20:02 21 16:29
2018 20 16:15 21 10:07 23 01:54 21 22:22
2019 20 21:58 21 15:54 23 07:50 22 04:19
2020 20 03:50 20 21:43 22 13:31 21 10:03
2021 20 09:37 21 03:32 22 19:21 21 15:59
2022 20 15:33 21 09:14 23 01:04 21 21:48
2023 20 21:25 21 14:58 23 06:50 22 03:28
2024 20 03:07 20 20:51 22 12:44 21 09:20
2025 20 09:02 21 02:42 22 18:20 21 15:03
2026 20 14:46 21 08:25 23 00:06 21 20:50
Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of an equinox

The March equinox[3][4] or northward equinox[5][6] is the equinox on the Earth when the subsolar point appears to leave the Southern Hemisphere and cross the celestial equator, heading northward as seen from Earth. The March equinox is known as the vernal equinox (spring equinox) in the Northern Hemisphere and as the autumnal equinox in the Southern.[4][3][7]

On the Gregorian calendar, the northward equinox can occur as early as 19 March or as late as 21 March at Greenwich. For a common year the computed time slippage is about 5 hours 49 minutes later than the previous year, and for a leap year about 18 hours 11 minutes earlier than the previous year. Balancing the increases of the common years against the losses of the leap years keeps the calendar date of the March equinox from drifting more than one day from 20 March each year.

The March equinox may be taken to mark the beginning of astronomical spring and the end of astronomical winter in the Northern Hemisphere but marks the beginning of astronomical autumn and the end of astronomical summer in the Southern Hemisphere.[8]

In astronomy, the March equinox is the zero point of sidereal time and, consequently, right ascension.[9] It also serves as a reference for calendars and celebrations in many human cultures and religions.

The point where the Sun crosses the celestial equator northwards is called the First Point of Aries. However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, this point is no longer in the constellation Aries, but rather in Pisces. By the year 2600 it will be in Aquarius. The Earth's axis causes the First Point of Aries to travel westwards across the sky at a rate of roughly one degree every 72 years. Based on the modern constellation boundaries, the northward equinox passed from Taurus into Aries in the year −1865 (1866 BC), passed into Pisces in the year −67 (68 BC), will pass into Aquarius in the year 2597, and will pass into Capricornus in the year 4312. It passed by (but not into) a 'corner' of Cetus at 0°10′ distance in the year 1489.[citation needed]

Apparent movement of the Sun[edit]

In its apparent motion on the day of an equinox, the Sun's disk crosses the Earth's horizon directly to the east at sunrise; and again, some 12 hours later, directly to the west at sunset. The March equinox, like all equinoxes, is characterized by having an almost exactly equal amount of daylight and night across most latitudes on Earth.[10]

Due to refraction of light rays in the Earth's atmosphere, the Sun will be visible above the horizon even when its disc is completely below the limb of the Earth. Additionally, when seen from the Earth, the Sun is a bright disc in the sky and not just a point of light, thus sunrise and sunset can be said to start several minutes before the sun's geometric center even crosses the horizon, and extends equally long after. These conditions produce differentials of actual durations of light and darkness at various locations on Earth during an equinox. This is most notable at the more extreme latitudes, where the Sun may be seen to travel sideways considerably during the morning and evening, drawing out the transition from day to night. At the north and south poles, the Sun appears to move steadily around the horizon, and just above the horizon, neither rising nor setting apart from a slight change in declination of about 0.39° per day as the equinox passes.[11]

The Babylonian calendar began with the first new moon after the March equinox, the day after the return of the Sumerian goddess Inanna (later known as Ishtar) from the underworld, in the Akitu ceremony, with parades through the Ishtar Gate to the Eanna temple and the ritual re-enactment of the marriage to Tammuz, or Sumerian Dummuzi.[citation needed]

The Persian calendar begins each year at the northward equinox, observationally determined at Tehran.[12]

The Indian national calendar starts the year on the day next to the vernal equinox on 22 March (21 March in leap years) with a 30-day month (31 days in leap years), then has 5 months of 31 days followed by 6 months of 30 days.[12]

Julian calendar[edit]

The Julian calendar reform lengthened seven months and replaced the intercalary month with an intercalary day to be added every four years to February. It was based on a length for the year of 365 days and 6 hours (365.25 d), while the mean tropical year is about 11 minutes and 15 seconds less than that. This had the effect of adding about three quarters of an hour every four years. The effect accumulated from inception in 45 BC until the 16th century, when the northern vernal equinox fell on 10 or 11 March.[13]

The date in 1452 was 11 March, 11:52 (Julian).[14] In 2547 it will be 20 March, 21:18 (Gregorian) and 3 March, 21:18 (Julian).[15]

Western Christendom[edit]

In Western Christendom, the March equinox is one of the factors used to determine the date of Easter. However, the Gregorian reform of the calendar declared March 21 to be the date for the ecclesiastical equinox, and it is this fixed date (rather than the date of the actual astronomical event) that is used for the Easter date calculation.

Bas-relief in Persepolis, a symbol of Iranian Nowruz: a bull (symbolizing the Earth) and lion (the Sun) in eternal combat are equal in power on the equinox.
Chichen Itza during the spring equinox—Kukulkan, the famous descent of the snake

Abrahamic tradition[edit]

  • The Jewish Passover usually falls on the first full moon after the northern hemisphere vernal equinox, although occasionally (currently three times every 19 years) it will occur on the second full moon.[16]
  • The Christian Churches calculate Easter as the first Sunday after the first full moon on or after the March equinox. The official church definition for the equinox is 21 March. The Eastern Orthodox Churches use the older Julian calendar, while the western churches use the Gregorian calendar, and the western full moons currently fall four, five or 34 days before the eastern ones. The result is that the two Easters generally fall on different days but they sometimes coincide. The earliest possible western Easter date in any year is 22 March on each calendar. The latest possible western Easter date in any year is 25 April.[17]

Iranian tradition[edit]

  • The northward equinox marks the first day of various calendars including the Iranian calendar. The ancient Iranian peoples' new year's festival of Nowruz can be celebrated 20 March or 21 March. According to the ancient Persian mythology Jamshid, the mythological king of Persia, ascended to the throne on this day and each year this is commemorated with festivities for two weeks. Along with Iranian peoples, it is also a holiday celebrated by Turkic people, the North Caucasus and in Albania. It is also a holiday for Zoroastrians, adherents of the Baháʼí Faith and Nizari Ismaili Muslims irrespective of ethnicity.[18]

West Asia and North Africa[edit]

South and Southeast Asia[edit]

According to the sidereal solar calendar, celebrations which originally coincided with the March equinox now take place throughout South Asia and parts of Southeast Asia on the day when the Sun enters the sidereal Aries, generally around 14 April.

East Asia[edit]

  • The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms (节气, literally "climatic segments"), and the vernal equinox (Chūnfēn, Chinese and Japanese: 春分; Korean: 춘분; Vietnamese: Xuân phân) marks the middle of the spring. In this context, the Chinese character 分 means "(equal) division" (within a season).
  • In Japan, Vernal Equinox Day (春分の日 Shunbun no hi) is an official national holiday, and is spent visiting family graves and holding family reunions.[19][20] Higan (お彼岸) is a Buddhist holiday exclusively celebrated by Japanese sects during both the Spring and Autumnal Equinox.[19]

The Americas[edit]

Modern culture[edit]

See also[edit]

  1. ^ United States Naval Observatory (4 January 2018). "Earth's Seasons and Apsides: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion". Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  2. ^ "Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100". 20 February 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b Serway, Raymond; Jewett, John (8 January 2013). Physics for Scientists and Engineers. Cengage Learning. p. 409. ISBN 978-1-285-53187-8.
  4. ^ a b United States Naval Training Command (1972). Navigation compendium. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. p. 88.
  5. ^ Bromberg, Irv (18 May 2012). "Churches take March 21st as the Ecclesiastical Vernal Equinox in calculating the date of Easter. This page takes an astronomical look at the equinox and March 21st". University of Toronto.
  6. ^ Teaching Science. Australian Science Teachers Association. 2008.
  7. ^ Desonie, Dana (2008). Polar Regions: Human Impacts. Infobase Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4381-0569-7.
  8. ^ "Defining Seasons".
  9. ^ Zeilik, M.; Gregory, S. A. (1998). Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 0030062284.
  10. ^ Resnick, Brian (19 March 2020). "The spring equinox is Thursday: 8 things to know about the first day of spring". Vox. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  11. ^ Bromberg, Irv. "Solar Year Length Variations" (PDF). University of Toronto, Canada.
  12. ^ a b Bromberg, Irv. "The Lengths of the Seasons". University of Toronto, Canada. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  13. ^ Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2003). The Oxford companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning. Oxford University Press. p. 683. ISBN 0-19-214231-3. Corrected reprinting of original 1999 edition.
  14. ^ Smith, Ivan (10 May 2002). "Vernal Equinox, 1452–1811". Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  15. ^ Smith, Ivan (10 May 2002). "Vernal Equinox, 2188–2547". Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  16. ^ Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. (1835). The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Knight. OCLC 220404854.
  17. ^ Cooley, Keith (2001). "Keith's Moon Facts". personal pages.[self-published source]
  18. ^ "Navroz". The Ismaili. Islamic Publications Limited. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  19. ^ a b Milton Walter Meyer (1993). Japan: A Concise History. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 246. ISBN 978-0-8226-3018-0.
  20. ^ Yoneyuki Sugita (18 August 2016). Social Commentary on State and Society in Modern Japan. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-981-10-2395-8.
  21. ^ "Disablót". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish).
  22. ^ "Visitors Guide to the Woodhenge". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  23. ^ Iseminger, William. "Welcome the Fall Equinox at Cahokia Mounds". Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  24. ^ "Winter Solstice Sunrise Observance at Cahokia Mounds". Collinsville Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Cahokia Mounds Mark Spring Equinox : The keepers of Cahokia Mounds will host a spring gathering to celebrate the vernal equinox". Indian Country Today. Indian Country Media Network. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  26. ^ "World Citizens Day—World Unity Day". Consultative Assembly of the Peoples Congress. 2007.
  27. ^ "With Spring comes the Baháʼí New Year". National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  28. ^ "Annapolis Welcomes Spring by Burning Socks". First Coast News.[permanent dead link][failed verification]
  29. ^ Rey, Diane. "Hillsmere Joins in Sock Burning Tradition". The Capital. Annapolis, Maryland. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  30. ^ Gander, Kashmira (20 March 2014). "Spring equinox 2014: First day of spring marked by Google Doodle". The Independent. London. Retrieved 20 March 2014.

External links[edit]


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hong Kong Okra Aug 25 2012.JPG
Okra plant with mature and developing fruits in Hong Kong
Ladies' Finger BNC.jpg
Okra in longitudinal section
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Abelmoschus
A. esculentus
Binomial name
Abelmoschus esculentus
  • Abelmoschus bammia Webb
  • abelmoschus longifolius (Willd.) Kostel.
  • Abelmoschus officinalis (DC.) Endl.
  • Abelmoschus praecox Sickenb.
  • Abelmoschus tuberculatus Pal & Singh
  • Hibiscus esculentus L.
  • Hibiscus hispidissimus A.Chev. nom. illeg.
  • Hibiscus longifolius Willd.
  • Hibiscus praecox Forssk.

Okra or Okro (US: /ˈkrə/, UK: /ˈɒkrə/), Abelmoschus esculentus, known in many English-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. It is a good source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber.[2] The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of West African, Ethiopian, and South Asian origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world and is a notable part of the cuisine of the Southern United States.[3]

'Abelmoschus' is New Latin from Arabic أَبُو المِسْك (ʾabū l-misk, “father of musk”).[4] 'esculentus' is Latin for being fit for human consumption.[5]

The first use of the word okra (Alternatively; okro or ochro) appeared on 1679 in the Colony of Virginia, deriving from the Igbo word ọ́kụ̀rụ̀.[6] The word gumbo was first recorded to be used in American vernacular around 1805, deriving from Louisiana Creole,[7] but originates from either the Umbundu word ochinggômbo[8] or the Kimbundu word ki-ngombo.[9] In Cuba and Puerto Rico, the vegetable is referred to as quimbombó and is used in dishes such as quimbombó guisado (stewed okra), a dish very similar to Southern gumbo.[10][11] Despite the fact that in most of the United States the word gumbo often refers to the dish, gumbo, many places in the Deep South still use it to refer to the pods and plant as well as many other variants of the word found across the African diaspora in the Americas.[12]

Origin and distribution[edit]

Whole plant with blossom and immature pod

Okra is an allopolyploid of uncertain parentage. However, proposed parents include Abelmoschus ficulneus, A. tuberculatus and a reported "diploid" form of okra. Truly wild (as opposed to naturalised) populations are not known with certainty, and the species may be a cultigen. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The Egyptians and Moors of the 12th and 13th centuries used the Arabic word for the plant, bamya, suggesting it had come into Egypt from Arabia, but earlier it was probably taken from Ethiopia to Arabia. The plant may have entered southwest Asia across the Red Sea or the Bab-el-Mandeb straight to the Arabian Peninsula, rather than north across the Sahara, or from India. One of the earliest accounts is by a Spanish Moor who visited Egypt in 1216 and described the plant under cultivation by the locals who ate the tender, young pods with meal.[13] From Arabia, the plant spread around the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and eastward. The plant was introduced to the Americas by ships plying the Atlantic slave trade[14] by 1658, when its presence was recorded in Brazil. It was further documented in Suriname in 1686. Okra may have been introduced to southeastern North America from Africa in the early 18th century. By 1748, it was being grown as far north as Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson noted it was well established in Virginia by 1781. It was commonplace throughout the Southern United States by 1800, and the first mention of different cultivars was in 1806.[13]

Botany and cultivation[edit]

Okra plant pollen
Latitudinal cross-section of the okra pod

The species is a perennial, often cultivated as an annual in temperate climates, often growing to around 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall. As a member of the Malvaceae, it is related to such species as cotton, cocoa, and hibiscus. The leaves are 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) long and broad, palmately lobed with 5–7 lobes. The flowers are 4–8 centimetres (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter, with five white to yellow petals, often with a red or purple spot at the base of each petal. The pollens are spherical with approximately 188 microns diameter. The fruit is a capsule up to 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long with pentagonal cross-section, containing numerous seeds.

Abelmoschus esculentus is cultivated throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world for its fibrous fruits or pods containing round, white seeds. It is among the most heat- and drought-tolerant vegetable species in the world and will tolerate soils with heavy clay and intermittent moisture, but frost can damage the pods. In cultivation, the seeds are soaked overnight prior to planting to a depth of 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in). It prefers a soil temperature of at least 20 °C (68 °F) for germination, which occurs between six days (soaked seeds) and three weeks. As a tropical plant, it also requires a lot of sunlight, and it should also be cultivated in soil that has a pH between 5.8 and 7, ideally on the acidic side.[15] Seedlings require ample water. The seed pods rapidly become fibrous and woody and, to be edible as a vegetable, must be harvested when immature, usually within a week after pollination.[16] The first harvesting will typically be ready after about 2 months of plantation, and it will be approximately 2-3 inches long.[15]

The most common disease afflicting the okra plant is verticillium wilt, often causing a yellowing and wilting of the leaves. Other diseases include powdery mildew in dry tropical regions, leaf spots, yellow mosaic and root-knot nematodes. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus in A. esculentus was transferred through a cross with Abelmoschus manihot and resulted in a new variety called Parbhani kranti.[17]

Food and uses[edit]

Stir-fried okra with diced chili peppers

The products of the plant are mucilaginous, resulting in the characteristic "goo" or slime when the seed pods are cooked; the mucilage contains soluble fiber.[18] One possible way to de-slime okra is to cook it with an acidic food, such as tomatoes, to render the mucilage less viscous.[19] Pods are cooked, pickled, eaten raw, or included in salads. Okra may be used in developing countries to mitigate malnutrition and alleviate food insecurity.[18]

Though classified as a fruit, Okra has often been utilized as a vegetable, both on its own and with other dishes and materials. When cooked, it takes many forms. Cutting and cooking okra in moisture will create a sticky juice that increases the thickness of soups and stews. Dried okra can also thicken sauces. Some people sometimes use it as an egg white substitute to increase richness of flavor. Other people might grind and roast the seeds as a non-caffeinated substitute.[20]

Okra, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy138 kJ (33 kcal)
7.46 g
Sugars1.48 g
Dietary fibre3.3 g
0.19 g
1.9 g
VitaminsQuantity %DV
Vitamin A equiv.
36 μg
Thiamine (B1)
0.2 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
0.06 mg
Niacin (B3)
1 mg
Folate (B9)
60 μg
Vitamin C
23 mg
Vitamin E
0.27 mg
Vitamin K
31.3 μg
MineralsQuantity %DV
82 mg
0.62 mg
57 mg
61 mg
299 mg
0.58 mg
Other constituentsQuantity
Water89.6 g

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

Raw okra is 90% water, 2% protein, 7% carbohydrates and negligible in fat. In a 100 gram amount, raw okra is rich (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) in dietary fiber, vitamin C and vitamin K, with moderate contents of thiamin, folate and magnesium (table). Okra also provides iron, niacin, phosphorus, copper, and a rich source of antioxidants.[20]

Leaves and seeds[edit]

Young okra leaves may be cooked in a similar way to the greens of beets or dandelions, or in salads.[citation needed] Okra seeds may be roasted and ground to form a caffeine-free substitute for coffee.[13] When importation of coffee was disrupted by the American Civil War in 1861, the Austin State Gazette said, "An acre of okra will produce seed enough to furnish a plantation with coffee in every way equal to that imported from Rio."[21]

Greenish-yellow edible okra oil is pressed from okra seeds; it has a pleasant taste and odor, and is high in unsaturated fats such as oleic acid and linoleic acid.[22] The oil content of some varieties of the seed is about 40%. At 794 kg/ha, the yield was exceeded only by that of sunflower oil in one trial.[23] A 1920 study found that a sample contained 15% oil.[24] A 2009 study found okra oil suitable for use as a biofuel.[25]

Industrial uses[edit]

Bast fibre from the stem of the plant has industrial uses such as the reinforcement of polymer composites.[26] The mucilage produced by the okra plant can be used for the removal of turbidity from wastewater by virtue of its flocculant properties.[27][28] Having composition similar to a thick polysaccharide film, okra mucilage is under development as a biodegradable food packaging, as of 2018.[29]

Medical uses[edit]

There is ongoing research about the different uses of Okra. According to a study done by researchers from Hainan Medical College exploring the effect of okra extract on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats and its probable molecular mechanism, Okra can improve the blood sugar levels of pregnant rats that had gestational diabetes.[30] Okra is also high in fiber. About eight medium-sized pods are estimated to contain 3 grams of fiber.[20] According to a study done by researchers Hiroki Fujii, Masanori Iwase, Toshiaki Ohkuma Shinako Ogata-Kaizu, et al. that explores the impact of dietary fiber intake on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Okra increases fiber intake promotes better glycemic control and improves insulin sensitivity.[31] According to a study done by researchers Sathish Kumar Doreddula, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Durga Prasad Gaddam, et al. on "Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antistress, and Nootropic Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Seed Extracts of Ladies Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Mice", Okra seed extracts of okra have an antioxidant, anti-stress effect in the bloodstream of mice.[32] And food that has high fiber content and antioxidants lower cholesterol levels, according to The American Heart Association.[33] According to another study done by researchers Fangbo Xia, Yu Zhong, Mengqiu Li, Qi Chang, et al. on "Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Constituents of Okra", Okra plants can improve recovery times and fatigue levels.[34] Thus, if one includes Okra in their daily diet, one might be able to work for longer hours and recover more quickly from fatigue.

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Okra: Nutrition, benefits, and recipe tips". www.medicalnewstoday.com. 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  3. ^ National Research Council (2006-10-27). "Okra". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables. Lost Crops of Africa. 2. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10333-6. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  4. ^ "Definition of Abelmoschus". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  5. ^ "Latin definition for esculentus, esculenta, esculentum (ID: 19365)". Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources - Latdict. 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  6. ^ "Definition of okra". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  7. ^ Justin Vogt (2009-12-29). "Gumbo: The mysterious history". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  8. ^ "Definition of gumbo". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  9. ^ "Many food names in English come from Africa". VOA. 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  10. ^ Julie Schwietert Collazo. "Cuban Quimbombo (Afro-Cuban Okra)". The Latin Kitchen. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  11. ^ Gloria Cabada-Leman. "QUIMBOMBÓ GUISADO". whats4eats. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  12. ^ Stanley Dry (2020). "A short history of gumbo". Southern Foodways Alliance. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  13. ^ a b c "Okra, or 'Gumbo,' from Africa". Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M University.
  14. ^ " Okra gumbo and rice" Archived 2005-10-28 at the Wayback Machine by Sheila S. Walker, The News Courier, unknown date
  15. ^ a b Almanac, Old Farmer's. "Okra". Old Farmer's Almanac. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  16. ^ Kurt Nolte. "Okra seed" (PDF). Yuma County Cooperative Extension. Retrieved 2012-10-17.
  17. ^ Plant breeding, Chapter 9.2 (PDF). Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production. 2020.
  18. ^ a b Gemede, H. F.; Haki, G. D.; Beyene, F; Woldegiorgis, A. Z.; Rakshit, S. K. (2015). "Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient compositions of indigenous Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pod accessions: Implications for mineral bioavailability". Food Science & Nutrition. 4 (2): 223–33. doi:10.1002/fsn3.282. PMC 4779480. PMID 27004112.
  19. ^ Jill Neimark (5 September 2018). "Leave it to botanists to turn cooking into a science lesson". US National Public Radio. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  20. ^ a b c "Okra: Nutrition, benefits, and recipe tips". www.medicalnewstoday.com. 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  21. ^ Austin State Gazette [TEX.], November 9, 1861, p. 4, c. 2, copied in Confederate Coffee Substitutes: Articles from Civil War Newspapers Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, University of Texas at Tyler
  22. ^ Martin, Franklin W. (1982). "Okra, Potential Multiple-Purpose Crop for the Temperate Zones and Tropics". Economic Botany. 36 (3): 340–345. doi:10.1007/BF02858558. S2CID 38546395.
  23. ^ Mays, D.A., W. Buchanan, B.N. Bradford, and P.M. Giordano (1990). "Fuel production potential of several agricultural crops". Advances in New Crops: 260–263.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Jamieson, George S.; Baughman, Walter F. (1920). "Okra Seed Oil.1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 42: 166. doi:10.1021/ja01446a023.
  25. ^ Farooq, Anwar; Umer Rashid; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Nadeem (March 2010). "Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed oil for biodiesel production". Applied Energy. 87 (3): 779–785. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.020.
  26. ^ De Rosa, I.M.; Kenny, J.M.; Puglia, D.; Santulli, C.; Sarasini, F. (2010). "Morphological, thermal and mechanical characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fibres as potential reinforcement in polymer composites". Composites Science and Technology. 70 (1): 116–122. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.09.013.
  27. ^ Konstantinos Anastasakis, Dimitrios Kalderis, and Evan Diamadopoulos (2009), "Flocculation behavior of mallow and okra mucilage in treating wastewater", Desalination, 249 (2): 786–791, doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.09.013CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Monika Agarwal, Rajani Srinivasan, and Anuradha Mishra (2001), "Study on Flocculation Efficiency of Okra Gum in Sewage Waste Water", Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 286 (9): 560–563, doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20010901)286:9<560::AID-MAME560>3.0.CO;2-BCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ Araújo, Antonio; Galvão, Andrêssa; Filho, Carlos Silva; Mendes, Francisco; Oliveira, Marília; Barbosa, Francisco; Filho, Men Sousa; Bastos, Maria (2018). "Okra mucilage and corn starch bio-based film to be applied in food". Polymer Testing. 71: 352–361. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.09.010. ISSN 0142-9418.
  30. ^ Tian, Zhao-Hua; Miao, Feng-Tai; Zhang, Xia; Wang, Qiao-Hong; Lei, Na; Guo, Li-Chen (December 2015). "Therapeutic effect of okra extract on gestational diabetes mellitus rats induced by streptozotocin". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 8 (12): 1038–1042. doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.11.002. ISSN 2352-4146. PMID 26706676.
  31. ^ Fujii, Hiroki; Iwase, Masanori; Ohkuma, Toshiaki; Ogata-Kaizu, Shinako; Ide, Hitoshi; Kikuchi, Yohei; Idewaki, Yasuhiro; Joudai, Tamaki; Hirakawa, Yoichiro; Uchida, Kazuhiro; Sasaki, Satoshi (2013-12-11). "Impact of dietary fiber intake on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry". Nutrition Journal. 12: 159. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-159. ISSN 1475-2891. PMC 3878841. PMID 24330576.
  32. ^ Doreddula, Sathish Kumar; Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Gaddam, Durga Prasad; Desu, Brahma Srinivasa Rao; Ramarao, Nadendla; Pandy, Vijayapandi (2014). "Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antistress, and Nootropic Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Seed Extracts of Ladies Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Mice". The Scientific World Journal. 2014: 519848. doi:10.1155/2014/519848. ISSN 2356-6140. PMC 4221879. PMID 25401145.
  33. ^ The American Heart Association. "Cholesterol Abnormalities and Diabetes".
  34. ^ Xia, Fangbo; Zhong, Yu; Li, Mengqiu; Chang, Qi; Liao, Yonghong; Liu, Xinmin; Pan, Ruile (2015-10-26). "Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Constituents of Okra". Nutrients. 7 (10): 8846–8858. doi:10.3390/nu7105435. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 4632455. PMID 26516905.

External links[edit]

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text:
Mosaic Parc Guell Ring
  • Mosaic Parc Guell Ring

    Ring in 18 carats rose Gold with mosaic of Sapphires, Topazes, Peridot and Diamonds. The Parc Guell collection features vivid colors and audacious combinations of stones defining Zoccai’s maximum expression of creativity. The jewels of this collection are entirely hand made in Italy.


text:
Best and Worst Ancient Philosophy Journal Experiences

Waiting for months to get a desk rejection or a couple of brief and dismissive comments is frustrating, especially for job market candidates and early career faculty who have much riding on getting published quickly. To help ancient philosophy scholars considering which journals to submit to, I thought it would be good to highlight what recent public surveys submitted to the APA Journal Surveys project indicate about the editorial experience at journals that specialize in ancient philosophy and the history of philosophy. I am not including generalist journals that also publish some articles in ancient philosophy, both because there are a large number of these and because the survey aggregates may diverge from the experience of those submitting ancient philosophy papers (there’s no way to filter experiences based on topic).

First, a couple of caveats: 1) many ancient philosophy journals from my journals listing are not included because they have no submitted surveys  2) even for those that are represented, there are a limited number of data points, especially for some journals (e.g. Classical Quarterly) and 3) we do not know how representative those submitting entries are in comparison to all authors submitting papers to these journals. However, the reported response times and comments numbers do closely track publicly available data where available (for example, with the Journal of the History of Philosophy and the British Journal for the History of Philosophy). These statistics also fit with the experiences that I have heard from others in the ancient philosophy community. They will also hopefully get more accurate as more people submit to the APA Journal Surveys project, and I will revisit this topic as the data warrants. Also, if you are part of the editorial staff at one of these journals and think that the data about your journal is misleading, please contact me. I would be happy to share more complete information about submission statistics with readers.

JHP and BJHP, which are among the most transparent about their editorial practices, lead the way in editor experience scores. The APA journal surveys site asks respondents to rate the overall editorial experience from 1-5 and these two are the only ones with ratings in the 4.5-5 range, with JHP averaging 4.71 and BJHP averaging 4.6. Unsurprisingly, they also have some of the quickest turnaround times with BJHP averaging around 3 months and JHP averaging under 2 months. However, it’s also worth noting that JHP has the highest overall rating, even though at least 1/3 of the authors reporting were rejected without being sent out for review (usually within less than a month). Authors don’t seem to mind desk rejections if they’re really quick and allow them to move on to the next journal. The other two journals that did well on editorial experience, with scores in the 4-4.5 range, are Classical Quarterly and Phronesis with 4.33 and 4.05 respectively. These journals are also among the quickest, with Phronesis averaging a little over 2 months and Classical Quarterly under 4 months.

At the other end, the two journals with overall editorial experience scores under 3 are Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy and Apeiron: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science. Time under review had a big influence here too. These two were the slowest of all the journals considered, with average time to decision of almost 8 months (OSAP) and 8.5 months (Apeiron). A large number of submissions also had to wait even longer, with 9 of the 15 reported submissions at OSAP having to wait at least 8 months for a decision and 6 out of the 20 reported submissions to Apeiron taking a year or more to receive a decision. OSAP‘s low score was also affected by the fact that 3 of the 4 submissions that did not receive reviewer comments still had to wait for at least 6 months. Desk rejection with a long wait is the worst combination.

The chart below lists the relevant journal surveys statistics for all the ancient and history of philosophy journals with at least 4 reviews. Where a decent number of surveys were available I used surveys from 2015 on, since the most important thing for potential authors is the current editorial situation. Where there were not as many surveys available, I went back to 2011. The full spreadsheet with all the records assembled from the publicly available APA Journal Surveys data is available here.

Journal name Number of Surveys Comment count Comment quality Editor experience Response time
Time range
22 1.24 2.73 3.50 4.52 2011 on
Apeiron 20 0.84 2.65 2.63 8.50 2011 on
Archiv für
Geschichte der Philosophie
4 2.00 4.00 3.00 6.00 2018 on
British Journal for the
History of Philosophy
38 2.00 3.77 4.60 2.96 2015 on
Classical Quarterly 12 1.09 3.50 4.33 3.88 2011 on
History of Philosophy Quarterly 18 2.00 4.00 3.94 5.58 2015 on
Journal of the
History of Philosophy
21 0.95 3.17 4.71 1.60 2015 on
Oxford Studies in
Ancient Philosophy
15 1.20 3.27 2.40 7.66 2015 on
Phronesis 20 0.95 3.26 4.05 2.17 2015 on

Full disclosure: At the time of posting, I have personally submitted to, published at, and/or refereed for all of these journals except for Classical Quarterly. The basis for this post is not, however, my personal experiences, which do not always match the overall trends. For example, my last submission at Apeiron was looked at within two months and received excellent comments (leading to acceptance after revision and resubmission) and my last submission at OSAP got two sets of helpful comments within a reasonable timeframe (though it was rejected).

  • djr

    My first response to these reports was: wow, much of that doesn’t fit my experience at all. So I thought it might be worth sharing some of my own relevant experiences in order to illustrate that reports like these do not necessarily predict the sort of response you will receive if you choose to submit to these journals.

    Take Apeiron first. I published an article in Apeiron in 2016. I did not have to wait 8 months for a decision; it was more like 3 months from submission to acceptance. I have also reviewed for Apeiron numerous times, and though I cannot say how much time had elapsed between submission and my receipt of the articles or between my submission of reports and the communication of a decision, I have on each occasion returned a report within a month, as the editors request. I have also known several others who have published papers in Apeiron, and I do not recall their having to wait nearly so long for a decision. Similarly, I received a decision from CQ in under a month, while I once received a response from Ancient Philosophy only after waiting for many months and contacting the editor for an update. So the relative ranking of AP and Apeiron in these surveys does not fit my experience at all, even though it reflects the experience of 20+ others.

    In short, I suspect that individual experiences differ widely and I would discourage people from taking these survey numbers as an accurate prediction of the experience they’ll have if they choose to submit to one of these journals. The one exception: pretty much everybody I’ve ever head from reports that OSAP takes forever.

    • Caleb Cohoe

      Yes, this information is provisional and may be a more or less accurate representation. As I mentioned at the end of the post, my own previous experience at Apeiron took significantly less time and was quite positive. But I wanted to summarize what’s in the surveys, not what my own experiences have been. It would be much better, of course, to have all journals provide the sort of data on submissions and processing that JHP offers. My hope is highlighting the survey information that is available might encourage more journals to be transparent. I would also say that some journals are more variable than others. One reason that JHP gets high ratings is that they are very consistent: desk rejections are always given in under a month and refereed papers almost always get a decision within 3 months. Being able to reasonably predict around when you’ll get a decision is quite helpful.

      • djr

        I think I might have written my earlier response too hastily and so inadvertently gave the impression that I was critical of your post. I meant, instead, to be adding to your own anecdotal evidence that the survey data might not accurately represent normal experience with these journals, adding further weight to your point that the survey data might not be very representative. But the survey data is, of course, useful in any case, even if only as yet more anecdota. I do wonder whether these surveys are more likely to be filled out by people who have had unusually negative or positive experiences. Online product reviews often seem that way — unusually satisfied and unusually dissatisfied people write strong positive and negative reviews, but the boringly content majority write nothing. APA surveys are not Yelp reviews, but a similar sort of bias could be a factor. However that may be, it’s helpful to make the data, however limited, more publicly visible. Your point about consistency is right on, too — editors can only do so much to ensure consistency, but it would help to have a reliable idea of how long things will take.

  • Caleb Cohoe

    No worries! I take your point about the possibility of extremes being overrepresented. That would not surprise me. I do, however, know that some people get into the habit of submitting a survey whenever they hear back from a journal. If enough people develop that habit, we’ll get more representative data.

  • Clerk

    I would also be interested to know at which journals editors review (and desk-reject) non-anonymized papers. I think at least one journal on your list does this.

    • Manu

      Interesting point of view. I’ve being several times surprised about many articles published in some of these journals that, from my point of view, didn’t contribute to anything new, nor were they brilliant explications of something already known. Furthermore, some articles seem to me as poor research. But then you see that Mr X is already known in the field and this might be like a kind of free-pass to publish whatever they want in order to fulfill publishing requirements. I mean I’m not speaking about a profound critic of such articles, but I’ve found basic logical faults (e.g. an ex silentio argument that guided the whole article) that make me think that the editors didn’t read the paper or they just didn’t care about it (I have a list of some articles published that contain structural and important flaws). To me the system is biased in order to favour the already-known-kind-of-my-friend scholars. Still, many articles are great pieces of work. But not all of them.

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text:
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text:
Raspberry Pi Data Logger with InfluxDB and Grafana

November 3, 2016

A need popped up at work for a data logger for various lab tasks. Quickly looking at the market, I failed to identify a lab tool for data logging (cheap, easy but powerful setup, remote access); something for researchers and scientists. I decided a Raspberry Pi with some input buffering would be ideal for the task. This is my roll your own data logger, put together on Saturday – showing what is possible quickly and potential with more development time.

Hardware Setup

  • Raspberry Pi (3) – I used a 3 for integrated wifi and speed but any Pi should work.
  • SD Card – A reliable brand as the database will be writing frequently. I used a 16GB SanDisk Extreme
  • Some form of IO buffer or input device. I first developed with a DHT22 temperature/humidity sensor, followed by a potential divider/zener diode digital logic buffer then finally a Pimoroni Automation HAT for analogue voltage. I plan on creating a custom multi-channel buffered 24V logic and 0-10V analogue input card to partner with this, for industrial device testing.

Install InfluxDB and Grafana on Raspberry Pi

A while back I attempted this but ran into problems installing and configuring InfluxDB and Grafana. I had attempted to user Docker but without success. Thankfully, .deb packages now exist in the Debian ‘Stretch’ repository for armhf (Raspberry Pi). You and either add ‘Stretch to your list of sources or download the packages with wget:

# update these URLs by looking at the website: https://packages.debian.org/sid/grafana
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/i/influxdb/influxdb_1.0.2+dfsg1-1_armhf.deb
sudo dpkg -i influxdb_1.0.2+dfsg1-1_armhf.deb
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/grafana/grafana-data_2.6.0+dfsg-3_all.deb # grafana data is a dependancy for grafana
sudo dpkg -i grafana-data_2.6.0+dfsg-3_all.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/grafana/grafana_2.6.0+dfsg-3_armhf.deb
sudo dpkg -i grafana_2.6.0+dfsg-3_armhf.deb
sudo apt-get install -f

Setup InfluxDB

Installed via the .deb package, InfluxDB creates a service and enables at startup so there is little more configuration to do. One must create the databases that our scripts will be saving into. This can be done via the web gui. Navigate to your Pi IP on port 8083 (default InfluxDB admin port – http://localhost:8083 if you’re doing this on the Pi). Using the ‘Query Templates’ dropdown, one can create a database with ‘Create Database’ – it’s fairly self explainatory. Make one called ‘logger’ to store our sample data.

InfluxDB Create Database

Create Logging Script

The example below uses Pimoroni’s Automation HAT but can be easily adapted to a GPIO pin or DHT22 using the commented lines. It’s worth having a read of the InfluxDB Key Concepts but essentially, I create a unique tag for each time the script runs called ‘run’. This enables a user to differentiate between test setups with no backend jiggery pockery when we come to Grafana. The measurement name can be set via the command arguments, to enable a user to set different testing sessions, currently by default it is ‘dev’. You’ll need the InfluxDB Python module for this script, which you can install like this:

sudo pip install influxdb

import time
import sys
import datetime
from influxdb import InfluxDBClient
import automationhat
#import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

# Set this variables, influxDB should be localhost on Pi
host = "localhost"
port = 8086
user = "root"
password = "root"

# The database we created
dbname = "logger"
# Sample period (s)
interval = 1

# For GPIO
# channel = 14¬
# GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)¬
# GPIO.setup(channel, GPIO.IN)¬

# Allow user to set session and runno via args otherwise auto-generate
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    if (len(sys.argv) < 3):
        print "Must define session and runNo!!"
        session = sys.argv[1]
        runNo = sys.argv[2]
    session = "dev"
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    runNo = now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M")

print "Session: ", session
print "runNo: ", runNo

# Create the InfluxDB object
client = InfluxDBClient(host, port, user, password, dbname)

# Run until keyboard out
    while True:
        # This gets a dict of the three values
        vsense = automationhat.analog.read()
        op = automationhat.input.read()
        # gpio = GPIO.input(channel)
        print vsense
        print op
        iso = time.ctime()

        json_body = [
          "measurement": session,
              "tags": {
                  "run": runNo,
              "time": iso,
              "fields": {
                  "op1" : op['one'], "op2" : op['two'], "op3" : op['three'],
                  "vsense1" : vsense['one'],"vsense2" : vsense['two'],"vsense3" : vsense['three']
                  # ,"gpio" : gpio

        # Write JSON to InfluxDB
        # Wait for next sample

except KeyboardInterrupt:

Save the script as ‘logger.py’ and run using python logger.py. To run the script in the background and indefinately as a ssh user use nohup python logger.py &.

Setup Grafana

Unlike InfluxDB, Grafana doesn’t enable it’s service, so do this to enable at boot and start the service now:

sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
sudo systemctl start grafana-server

Navigating to port 3000, you should be presented with the Grafana web GUI. Grafana has plenty of powerful querying tools to make lots of pretty and informative graphs. Have a read of the Getting Started, and in particular the InfluxDB section.

The first thing you will need to do is add the ‘logger’ database as a Datasource. Navigate to Datasource->Add New and fill in as below

Create the 'logger' InfluxDB database as a Datasource
Create the ‘logger’ InfluxDB database as a Datasource

After this, you need to setup a Dashboard. Click the top dropdown button, press ‘New’ and create a dashboard called ‘logger’. The dashboards consist of rows. Clicking on the green bar on the left-hand edge provides a dropdown where one can add graphs etc – again, the Getting Started explains this better than me. Below are a couple of captures of how I setup the Automation HAT.

Log Away

With this short introduction you should have the framework for a basic logging device and see the potential for real-world analytics of almost anything! I’m quite excited using the combination of a time based database like InfluxDB and powerful web graphing package Grafana.


text:
Welcome to ACC

Art hsu 0eb3c5d9ed242093c2c3be241a6146c5d8db2e2a2df39f1bdaf703e34c2f0d6aI'm Pastor Art, the lead English Pastor at Austin Chinese Church. Thank you for visiting our website! At ACC we strive to be a community of faith that loves God with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength. We live this mission out by loving our neighbors and sharing the good news of Jesus with all people. As a family of God, we pursue his truth in his righteousness, justice, and compassion. I hope you enjoy your time here at ACC and experience the peace and mercy of Jesus in your life.

By His grace,
Art Hsu

What to Expect Sunday Mornings

We invite you to join us on Sunday mornings to learn more about God, His love for you, and His purpose for us. English Congregation Service starts at 9:30AM every Sunday in the Ming Dao building. We welcome adults, college students and youth 6th grade and older to join us for this first hour of contemporary-style worship and Scripture teaching.

Don't know where to go when you arrive at Ming Dao? Look for one of our friendly greeters and ushers who will help you find a seat in our sanctuary. We also have a Connection Center in the lobby that you can visit after Sunday Service to meet some of the members of our church and get connected!

If you have kids, our Promiseland Children's Program and Nursery is available 9:30AM - 12:15PM for kids 5th grade and younger.

After Sunday Service, we continue to deepen our understanding of God and His relationship with us during our Discovery Groups, College Quest Class, and Youth Breakouts.

Promiseland, our Sunday Children's Ministry, is available during adult worship services. Parents can check-in their children who are 5th grade and younger for Promiseland in the Taylor Hall Lobby, where one of our Promiseland helpers will assist you. For more information about our nursery and children's programs, visit Get Involved.

Discovery Groups

Our education classes meet on Sundays after Sunday Service to equip people to grow spiritually by discovering the truth of God’s Scripture together over select relevant topics.

Adult Discovery Groups meet at the Ming Dao Building classrooms at 11:05AM. College students can attend Quest at the John Sung Building at 11AM. Students who are in 6th – 12th grade are invited to attend Youth Breakouts in the Carey Building at 11AM.

Beyond Sundays

We strive to be a church community that not only worships together on Sundays, but also shares life together so that we can help each other mature as followers of Jesus. To learn more about opportunities to grow with our church community beyond Sunday mornings, visit Get Involved.

Our Core Values

God-Centered Worship

We believe that the triune God - the Father, the Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit - is supreme and sovereign. He is the focus of our individual and corporate worship in praises, prayers and the preaching and teaching of God’s Word. We believe that prayer is essential in order to sustain a close relationship with God, and it must be the foundation of all our ministries. Therefore, we are committed to building up ACC as a house of prayer. (Psalm 150; Isaiah 56:7)

Biblical Teaching

We believe that God’s Word is the catalyst for spiritual transformation and growth. The Bible is the highest authoritative guide for what we believe and how we should live. We are committed to teaching and upholding the Bible, and we pledge to avoid misinterpreting, truncating, adjusting or in any other way modifying Biblical truth, which was once and for all delivered to people in God’s Word. (2 Timothy 3:16)

Transformed Disciples

We believe that every Christian must continually grow and be transformed as a disciple of Christ through the application of God’s Word, obedience to the Holy Spirit, and faithful service to the Lord. We are committed to making disciples who will make disciples. (Ephesians 4:1-3; 15-16)

Spiritually Healthy Families

We believe that spiritually healthy families are the foundation of a united church. We are committed to building God-centered families whose members love one another, following the example of Christ. (Colossians. 3:18-21; Ephesians 5:21-6:1- 4)

Authentic Fellowship

We believe in vibrant and authentic fellowship in which we care for and love one another sacrificially, as we build up the body of Christ. (Acts 2:42-47; John 13:34-35)

Local & Global Missions

We value a lifestyle of sharing the love of God both locally and globally by spreading His Good News through evangelism, missions, and community caring and service. We believe that every Christian is called to be an ambassador for Christ. (Matthew 28:19-20; Acts 1:8; 2 Corinthians 5:20)

Unity Embracing Diversity

We believe that it is essential and effective for believers to seek, discern, and obey the Lord’s will as a community. We are committed to unity embracing diversity in a multilingual, multicultural and multigenerational ministry within our multi-congregational church. We value honest communication and mutual respect so that God will be glorified and our church will flourish. (Ephesians 4:11-13,15; Galatians 3:28; 1 Corinthians 12:12)

Our Statement of Faith

We believe in the one and only true God, Creator of all universe, eternally existent in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

We believe in Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, Conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He suffered under the hand of Pontius Pilate, died on the cross, buried, descended into Hades and was raised bodily from the dead on the third day. He ascended to the right hand of the Father. He will return personally to judge the living and the dead.

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Counselor, who convicts and regenerates the repentant sinners, and indwells, illuminates and empowers the believers to manifest their faith in action, attaining a sanctified life.

We believe the sixty-six books of the Holy Bible, both the Old and New Testaments, to be the inspired word of God, consistent in truth and inerrant, the divine and final authority for all Christian faith and life.

We believe that man was created in the image of God, had a glorious position originally, that he sinned and was depraved. As a sinner, man is in need of God’s grace for regeneration and can only be justified through faith in Jesus Christ alone.

We believe that there shall be a bodily resurrection of the just to eternal life, and of the unjust to eternal punishment.

We believe that the Church is built by Jesus Christ. The Church is His body, consisting of those regenerated by the Spirit of God and of which Jesus is the Head, and the purpose of the Church is to be Christ’s witness on earth.

Our By-Laws

Our church is governed according to by-laws that prescribe how the church is organized and administered. The by-laws have been approved by the Church Council and members, and are available for download.

Art hsu 0eb3c5d9ed242093c2c3be241a6146c5d8db2e2a2df39f1bdaf703e34c2f0d6a

Reverend Arthur Hsu

English Pastor

Pastor Art Hsu is the English Pastor at ACC, having joined staff in June 2009. He was born in the Philippines and grew up in Southern California. He received his Bachelor degree in Psychology at UCLA (1994) and his Master of Divinity at Fuller Theological Seminary (2000). For nine years Art and his wife, Lucy, were involved in international student ministry. They joined ACC because they want to invest in the next generations of Asian-Americans, challenging them to become passionate Christ-followers here in Austin and to the nations of the world. Art and Lucy have two sons, Roan and Wyatt.

Gaylord tsuei 2be0f2d2bfcc197bf38eb41367f3151716caea10c4febc8816c255ba7fa3461c

Reverend Gaylord Tsuei

English and Caring Pastor

Pastor Gaylord Tsuei joined the Pastoral Staff at ACC in May of 1998 as the English Pastor. Pastor G graduated from Bob Jones University with a B.A. in Christian Missions (1988), and completed his Master of Divinity at Central Baptist Theological Seminary (1996). He is married to Tina, and they have two children, Charis and Silas. Gaylord and Tina have a special burden for Chinese-Americans. They desire to see God use them to encourage others to grow in their walk with Christ and to serve God faithfully.

Pat 6525d4bf8c454ce3c1aa61679f54544a1317b115f9a4581b8e9da783450cdc7a

Reverend Patrick Yao

NextGen Family Pastor

Pastor Patrick Yao is the NextGen Family Pastor at ACC, joining the staff in August 2018. Hailing from St. Louis, Missouri, Pat attended University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and graduated in Economics and East Asian Languages and Cultures in 2001. Following his calling to ministry, Pat later attended Covenant Theological Seminary and graduated with an M.Div in 2006. He served as youth pastor and English associate pastor in California from 2006-2018 before following the call to ACC as Family Pastor. Pat’s desire is to equip families growing in the next generation to live out the call of Deuteronomy 6. Pat is married to Gloria since 2005 and have four children, Adelaide, Eliana, Cason, Kayliane, and bleeds red and blue for the St. Louis Cardinals, and Golden State Warriors.

Dominic chan 1f219adaa064deea4113916c7fbb0634881211065fb0c915020bcc467173d678

Dominic Chan

Youth Pastor

Minister Dominic Chan joined ACC in 2015 as the youth pastor serving middle and high school students. Growing up in Southern California, he became a Christian through a youth summer camp. He received his calling to ministry as a high school senior. He graduated from Boston University with a business degree in finance and entrepreneurship and received his Master of Divinity at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Prior to joining ACC, Dominic apprenticed at Boston Chinese Evangelical Church and interned at Golden Gate Christian Church in San Francisco. Dominic met his wife, Lynn, in college through Intervarsity and they are passionate to see Chinese-American students richly steeped in the Gospel in order to reach the world. They have two young sons, Micah and Jordan. In his spare time, Dominic enjoys cooking, trying new restaurants, basketball, traveling, reading, listening to podcasts, storing random bits of information into Evernote, and wandering up and down the aisles of Costco.

Ann eb5f25123b34410df66c6baa6530414bfd870bb2a956d2eccf3ba3ea95d0a83e

Ann Hung

Children's Ministry Director for Awana/JAM

Ann Hung was born in Hong Kong, immigrated to the US and attended high school in Houston. Ann received her bachelor degree in computer science from UT Austin, master degrees in software engineering and choral conducting from Texas States University. She was baptized in ACC in April 1995. Following her calling to ministry, Ann attended Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary and received a master degree in Christian education in 2013. She joined the ACC staff in 2014, and has served as Cantonese ministry assistant and Children ministry assistant before accepting her call to serve as Children ministry director for Awana/JAM in 2020. Ann is married to Johnny Wong and together have three children, Johnson, Joann and Joshua.

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Lai Yung Lai

Children's Ministry Director for Promiseland

Lai Yung Lai is the Children's Ministry Director for Promiseland (Sunday mornings) at ACC, having joined staff in September of 2016. Lai Yung was born and raised in Hong Kong before immigrating to Florida. Her family moved to Austin in 2005. Lai Yung was the deacon of children's ministry from 2012-2015. She believes that it is important to help each child learn about Jesus and His salvation, and is glad that she has the opportunity to serve God in this important ministry. Lai Yung is married to Raymond and they have three children, Andrew, Becky, and Christopher.

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Reverend Tony Hsu

Mandarin Pastor

Rev. Tony Hsu came to the US from Taiwan in 1983 for his MBA study. Soon after, he and his wife Jenny, accepted Christ and got baptized together in 1984. After getting their masters degree in computer science, they moved to Los Angeles in 1986 to work as software engineers and joined a newly planted church FEC-SGV. Four years later, they planted another church (RLCC) with a team in Los Angeles. At that time, God called them to full-time ministry, and Tony completed his M.Div. studies at Fuller Theological Seminary in 1994. Then, from 1997 to 2013, he served in Ithaca, NY, the college town of Cornell University, focusing on student ministry. In 2000, he served full time as both Chinese Pastor and English Pastor for 8 years. He also served as Cornell University chaplain and continued to equip himself by completing Doctor of Ministry study at Trinity Evangelical Divinity in 5 years (2003 to 2008). God then guided them to move to Austin at the end of 2013 to serve as ACC’s Mandarin Pastor. Their two daughters, Lydia and Tina, have already graduated from college.

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Reverend Simon Shen

Mandarin Associate Pastor

Rev. Simon Shen came to US in 1997. He received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Washington State University, then worked in utility companies for 12 years. He received Christ in 2002, and entered Dallas Theological Seminary in 2007. He received the Th. M. degree in 2012 and came to serve as the Mandarin Associate Pastor at Austin Chinese Church in January 2013. He and his wife are raising a family of 6 boys and 3 girls.

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Reverend Enoch Chow

Cantonese Pastor
Coordinating Pastor

Reverend Enoch Chow was born in Hong Kong and moved to the US in 1991. He finished his high school and college in CA. Before being called to full-time ministry he worked in the IT industry for almost twelve years. In 2010 he moved to Dallas for his seminary study. In 2015 he joined ACC and became the Cantonese congregation pastor. He is married to Esther, and they have two sons. Enoch likes watching cooking shows and enjoys cooking and road trips.


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Desi Milk Has Gold: BJP Leader Dilip Ghosh's Bizarre Bovine Gyan - 'Indian Cows Mother, Foreign Ones Are Aunties'

Dilip Ghosh Didn’t Stop At That! He Also Took A Sharp Swipe At Those Who Eat Beef.

News Nation Bureau | Edited By : Surabhi Pandey | Updated on: 05 Nov 2019, 01:37:33 PM
Addressing an event in West Bengal’s Burdwan, Dilip Ghosh said that Indian cows’ milk contain gold in it.

New Delhi:

Verghese Kurien, the father of India’s White Revolution, would have been flummoxed had he heard Bengal BJP chief Dilip Ghosh’s unique bovine gyan. Dr Kurien, responsible for making India a global leader in dairy sector, would have never thought in his dreams that one day a politician will come up with ‘jersey cows are aunties’ logic! Baffling it may sound, but it is true. The Bengal BJP president, known for his controversial remarks, has yet again made an off the cuff statement. Addressing an event in West Bengal’s Burdwan, Ghosh said that Indian cows’ milk contain gold in it.

‘Desi cows have special characteristic. Their milk contains gold in it and this is the reason why milk of Indian breeds is yellowish in colour,’ Ghosh said while addressing a Gopashtmi event, which is a day to celebrate the importance of cows. Listing out the reason behind ‘milk has gold’ logic, Ghosh said that, ‘there is a nari (blood vein) in the humps of desi cows that produces gold with the help of sunlight.’ As for ‘aunty breeds’, Ghosh said that there was no hump in foreign cows that’s why no gold. In fact, he said that the foreign cows were ‘janwar’.

Ghosh didn’t stop at that! He also took a sharp swipe at those who eat beef. He said that, “Few intellectuals eat beef on roads, I tell them to eat dog meat too, their health will be fine whichever animal they eat, but why on roads? Eat at your home.” In 2017, Ghosh had asked party workers to beat policemen if they hesitate to take action against Trinamool Congress supporters.

In December 2018, Ghosh had warned Kolkata Police of ‘stripping’ them of their uniforms if the party comes to power, accusing policemen of filing false cases complaints against party workers.

According to a report by Human Rights Watch, radical cow protection groups in India have killed at least 44 people over the last three years. About 280 people have been injured in more than 100 attacks between May 2015 and December 2018, the report by the New York-based group said.

For all the Latest India News, Download News Nation Android and iOS Mobile Apps.

First Published : 05 Nov 2019, 01:32:11 PM

Related Tags:

Dilip Ghosh West Bengal Cows


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Karnataka: Police detain BS Yeddyurappa, party workers for carrying out 'Mangaluru chalo' rally

The Locals Witnessed Heavy Traffic Jam Between Ambedkar Circle And Deputy Commissioner's Office Due To Agitation. The Office Goers Faced Hard Time In The Morning.

News Nation Bureau | Edited By : Vikas Mehta | Updated on: 07 Sep 2017, 05:34:39 PM
Karnataka: Police detain BS Yeddyurappa, party workers for carrying out 'Mangaluru chalo' rally

New Delhi:

The Karnataka police on Thursday detained several BJP workers and party leaders who were staging protest against the alleged killing of Hindu activists in the coastal region of the state.

The Yuva Morcha of the saffron party organised "Mangaluru chalo" rally in their protest.

Senior party leader and former CM B S Yeddyurappa, former BJP President Prahlad Joshi, former deputy chief minister R Ashoka and KS Eshwarappa, Lok Sabha member Pratap Simha and Nalin Kumar Kateel, and former minister Katta Subrahmanya Naidu were detained by the police.

The locals witnessed heavy traffic jam between Ambedkar Circle and Deputy Commissioner's Office due to agitation. The office goers faced hard time in the morning.

The police denied permission to BJP leaders who wanted to take out bike rally and procession. The denial led to arguments between the police and and BJP leaders. As many as 2,500 party workers were gathered at Ambedkar circle.

Also Read: BJP protests against Mamata govt in Kolkata; police lathicharge to disperse protesters

The police took party leaders in custody when they started moving towards DC office from Ambedkar Circle in the afternoon. The police also deflated tyres of the buses carrying party leaders and workers to the venue.

Also Read: Tipu Jayanti celebrated in Karnataka amidst state wide protests by BJP

For all the Latest India News, Download News Nation Android and iOS Mobile Apps.

First Published : 07 Sep 2017, 04:03:08 PM

Related Tags:

BJP Yeddyurappa


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Janša says EU multi-year budget must be adopted before break

Ljubljana, 1 July - Prime Minister Janez Janša underlined once again the need for the EU to adopt the next multi-year budget before the summer break as he talked to EU Council President Jean Michel in a videoconference on Wednesday. He also expressed support for additional cohesion policy funds.

Prime Minister Janez Janša.
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Hertingfordbury Lime Repointing

Do you need expert lime repointing in Hertingfordbury?

Lime Mortar Repointing HertingfordburyLime mortar is an attractive and versatile binding agent, combining water, lime and aggregate such as sand.
Lime mortar appeals to architects because of its ability to be colour-matched to complement existing stone and brickwork. Its effectiveness as a building material is due to its remarkable durability and longevity. This can be witnessed by viewing many long-standing lime mortar structures still visible in our British listed buildings throughout the UK.

Heritage Mortar Lime Repointing in Hertingfordbury

The repair, restoration and repointing of lime mortar structures requires expert knowledge of the lime repointing process. That's where English Building and Restoration Hertingfordbury comes in. We are a highly skilled team specialising in stonework and restoration services, including heritage & conservation brickwork.

We provide façade refurbishment for many historic, period and listed properties, working for individuals or assisting contractors. We use traditional lime repointing methods and materials to minimise any impact on Hertingfordbury  properties. We successfully replicate the art of the stone mason on brick buildings, where bricks are cut and shaped precisely to fit the decorative masonry features.

To hire a lime repointing company in Hertingfordbury, call us on: 01992 829543

Traditional Lime Repointing HertingfordburyYou choice for Lime Repointing in Hertingfordbury

With years of experience in Hertingfordbury lime repointing, English Building and Restoration is a team of dedicated and professional brickwork repair experts in Hertingfordbury.

English Building and Restoration has competitive prices and offers a genuine, reliable service. We always get the job done to exceptional standards, with a finish guaranteed to last for countless years.

Why Choose Our Hertingfordbury Lime Repointing Service?

As lime re-pointers in Hertingfordbury and qualified tradesmen, we strongly believe that every aspect of our lime re-pointing should be of the highest standard.

We take great pride in all lime brickwork we re-point. As a result, our clients regularly come directly from personal recommendation.

At English Building and Restoration we will source high quality, competitively priced lime brickwork materials in Hertingfordbury. We are experts in using the diverse materials required in residential lime repointing and commercial lime re-pointing in Hertingfordbury and locally.

To find out more about our lime brickwork repointing in Hertingfordbury, call us on: 01992 829543

Hertingfordbury Lime Repointing MortarHertingfordbury Traditional Repointing and Repairs

Have you experienced structural issues in your traditional Hertingfordbury Lime Brickwork?

Structural issues can also cause varying degrees of masonry damage. Common structural issues in Hertingfordbury include incorrectly sized lintels, or unsupported masonry arches over garage door or windows.

We have many years experience with Hertingfordbury traditional repointing repair work, including:

  • Hertingfordbury Waterproofing
  • Hertingfordbury Chimney repairs
  • Hertingfordbury Traditional Repointing
  • Hertingfordbury Brickwork repairs
  • Hertingfordbury Historical Renovations

No-obligation quotes for lime repointing in Hertingfordbury - call us on: 01992 829543

Lime Repointing in HertingfordburyHow our Hertingfordbury lime repointing team works

As expert traditional repointing contractors we specialise in re-pointing Hertingfordbury limestone masonry. We will supply all relevant materials and labour in this particular area.

With English Building and Restoration you are getting a team fully focused and qualified in providing traditional Hertingfordbury lime repointing of unrivalled quality.

If your property doesn't use lime mortar, we also provide a regular brick repointing service in Hertingfordbury.


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Shephall Repointing Experts

Repointing Shephall

Your choice for Local Repointing Shephall

With years of experience in Shephall repointing, English Building and Restoration is a team of dedicated and professional brickwork repair experts in Shephall.

English Building and Restoration has reasonable, competitive prices and offers a genuine, honest service. You can trust us to get the job done to exceptional standards, with a finish that will last for years to come.

Why Choose Our Shephall Repointing Service?

As repointers in Shephall and skilled tradesmen, we strongly believe that every aspect of our work should be of the highest standard.

We take great pride in all brickwork we repoint. As a result, our clients often come directly from personal recommendation.

To hire a repointing company in Shephall, call us on: 01438 771939

Only the best materials

At English Building and Restoration we will source high quality, competitively priced masonry materials in Shephall. We are experts in using the diverse materials required in residential repointing and commercial repointing in Shephall and locally.

Materials available for repointing in Shephall include:

  • brick
  • stone
  • manufactured stone
  • cast stone
  • concrete
  • limestone

To find out more about our brickwork repointing Shephall, call us on: 01438 771939

Brick Repair & Repointing Company ShephallShephall Brickwork Repair & Masonry Repairs

Do you have water damage in your Shephall Brickwork?

One of the most common causes of masonry damage is water ingress in masonry walls. the lack of direct sunlight. means, when water enters a Shephall masonry wall in it takes long periods of time to dry.

During the cold Shephall winter months, water that gets into a masonry walls can sometimes freeze and expand. This can cause brick faces to fall off, mortar joints to crack, or chimney columns to crack. This all requires repointing work.

It's a lot simpler to repair brickwork in Shephall when these problems are first noticed, as the longer issues go on the worse water leaks can get.

Have you experienced structural issues in your Shephall Brickwork?

Structural issues can also cause varying degrees of masonry damage. Common structural issues in Shephall include incorrectly sized lintels, or unsupported masonry arches over garage door or windows.

We have many years experience with Shephall masonry repair work, including:

  • Shephall Waterproofing
  • Shephall Chimney repairs
  • Shephall Repointing
  • Shephall Brickwork repairs
  • Shephall Historical Renovations

No-obligation quotes for repointing in Shephall - call us on: 01438 771939

Repointing in ShephallHow our Shephall repointing team works

As expert repointing contractors we specialise in repointing Shephall masonry, whether it's stone, brick, or blockwork. We will supply all relevant materials and labour in this particular area.

With English Building and Restoration you are getting a team fully focused and qualified in providing Shephall repointing of unrivalled quality.

Does your brickwork have lime mortar? Read more about Shephall Lime repointing here.


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Simple Magazine Mockup

Simple PSD magazine mockup built with 7 different scene variations is all that you need to showcase your design realistically. With this photoshop file, you will get control over shadows, lights, effects, highlights, and backgrounds. Of course, placing your design is a piece of cake at the first place using smart object layers. A help guide with screenshots is included for beginners. A sample scene of this mockup package can be downloaded for free.

Technical Info

  • Resolution: 300 dpi
  • Dimensions: 5000 x 3750
  • Layered: Yes
  • Help File Included: Yes
  • Format: Adobe Photoshop


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Deepika Padukone To Be Summoned By NCB After Drug Chats Asking “Maal Hai Kya” From Her Manager Go Viral

Chats between D and K talking about the drugs have come forward yesterday. There were many guesses about who the two would be and now it has been revealed that it was Deepika Padukone talking to her manager Karishma Prakash and asking for some drugs. And now the Narcotics Control Bureau is looking to summon Deepika Padukone for the same.

Deepika Padukone drug chats

it was reported that NCB has accessed chats of two top actresses with initials D and K. However, the K turns out to be the manager of Deepika Padukone, an employee of KWAN talent management company, as reported by the news channel. The chats had D, now revealed to be Deepika, asking Karishma if she has any ‘maal’. The latter responds saying that she has but at home. Deepika, as reported, clarifies that she wants ‘Hash’ and not ‘Weed’. These chats that have made their way to the news channel are from 2017.

As reported, the chat goes as follows:

At 10:03 AM, D writes: K…Maal you have?

At 10:05 AM, K writes: I have but at home. I am at Bandra.

At 10:05, K writes: I can ask Amit if you want

At 10:07, D writes: Yes!! Pllleeeeasssee

At 10:08, K writes: Amit has. He’s carrying it

At 10:12, D writes: Hash na?

At 10:12, D writes: Not weed

At 10:14, K writes: What time are you coming to Koko

At 10:15: D writes: 1130/12ish

At 10:15: D writes: Till what time is Shal there?

K writes: I think she said 11:30 because she needs to at the other place at 12

Meanwhile, NCB is likely to summon the Bollywood celebrities too this week for questioning. As reported by Times Now, Deepika Padukone and Shraddha Kapoor will be summoned this week by the NCB.

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Rekha Wrote A Secret Letter To Amitabh Bachchan’s Bahu Aishwarya Rai: Read What’s Inside

Rekha and Amitabh Bachchan had a pretty intense affair as per the tabloids in the 70s and 80s. However, Amitabh’s wife Jaya never approved of the same. While the two have been cordial with each other forever, Rekha has never been too close with the Bachchan family ever since except for Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. Yes, the bahu of the Bachchan family, Aishwarya Rai shares a very close bond with the veteran actress Rekha and she has been appreciated by Rekha many times. In 2018, Rekha even wrote a heartfelt letter to Aishwarya Rai praising her for her work and keeping her motivated.

In the letter that Rekha sent to Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Rehaa had written, “My Ash, A woman like you who is in harmony with her spirit is like a flowing river, never stagnant. She goes where she wants to without pretense; and arrives at her destination prepared to be herself and only herself. People may forget what you said, they may also forget what you did but they will never forget how you made them feel. You are a living example that courage is the most important of all the virtues because, without courage, you can’t practice any other virtue consistently! Your deep strength and pure energy introduce you even before you speak!”

It is clear from the text of the letter that Rekha shares a very close bond with the former Miss World and the now bahu of the Bachchan khandaan. Comparing Aishwarya Rai to a river, she has not just inspired and praised Aishwarya, but also given her a much-needed life lesson. She praised her virtue of courage which has helped Ash perform and practice all of her other virtues with utmost grace.

Further talking about Aish’s accomplishments in real life instead of the reel life, Rekha had written, “The wisest thing you did was to be present with the ‘present’ with gratitude. You pursued the things you loved doing, and then did them so well that people can’t take their eyes off you! You on your own are enough with nothing to prove to anyone. Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take but by the moments that take our breath away. You’ve come a long way, baby. Having endured many hurdles, like the phoenix you rise! And I cannot pen down in words how proud I am of that little ‘cool’ moon-faced girl who took my breath away from the very instant I first laid my eyes on her. “

Concluding the letter, Rekha wrote, “You always gave better than the best to all the roles you were bestowed with but my most cherished character of yours is the role of the complete ‘Amma’ that you are, to the little bundle of pure joy called Aaradhya. Keep loving and spreading your magic. Two decades of Aishwarya Rai Bachchan- wow! Aashirwads and duas I wish for you more goodness and blessings; much more than your heart can contain! Love you. Jeete raho. Rekha Ma.”

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On April 7th World Health Day focuses on our greatest good. Learn more about the newest findings, modern and traditional treatments from our documentaries.

Pain, be Gone! – New Ways of Treatment

1 x 52 min. | HD

Back pain, limb pain and headaches: permanent features of life for millions of people. Contrary to what has long been popular belief, however, chronic pain is not merely a symptom, but a disease in itself. And it is treatable.

Healing from Within – Medicine between Orient and Occident

1 x 45 min. | HD

Even in European hospitals, Ayurveda is a medicine that has been applied individually to different kinds of symptoms and disease patterns. The journey begins in Varansi, in the northwest of India: along the waterfront of the Ganges, Varansi is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world and is considered the holy city of Hinduism. Between tradition and modern age, health is being attached to great importance. For this sake the secrets of nature, healing plants and herbs as well as the healing arts of Ayurveda are being explored.

Gold Mine Health

1 x 45 min. | HD

Strength training with barbells and the bench three times a week, at least one yoga session and a daily run: having the perfect body is the ultimate ideal in today’s achievement orientated society. Available for purchase in fitness studios, shops selling training gear, speciality sports nutrition shops and in the form of apps that provide motivation and show your progress. But being slim is so yesterday; today you have to have defined muscles. And that’s why so many people push themselves to the limit.

Medical Cannabis

1 x 25 min. | HD

Cannabidiol is a natural product and legally used for treatments of pain, cancer and epilepsy.

How Healthy is our Bread?

1 x 52 min. | HD

More and more people are suffering from wheat and gluten intolerance. Wheat protein was long considered to be the cause of this scourge, and today gluten free products are on all the supermarket shelves. However, there is now increasing suspicion that it is not wheat but how it is processed that makes bread a potentially unhealthy food.

For further information please contact:
Armin Luttenberger
Head of Content Sales International
Content Sales International
+43 1 87878-14518
Monika Kossits
Sales Manager TV
Content Sales International
+43 1 87878-14839
Alexandra Hopf
Sales Manager TV
Content Sales International
+43 1 87878-14474

If you no longer wish to receive our information e-mailings, unsubscribe here.

ORF-Enterprise GmbH & Co KG
Wuerzburggasse 30
A-1136 Vienna
Phone: +43 1 87878-13030


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Enterprise Framework

Software Solutions in the Enterprise

List of No SQL Databases

List of No SQL Databases

MongoDB (from "humongous") is an open-source document database, and the leading NoSQL database.
Redis is an open source, BSD licensed, advanced key-value store. It is often referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets.

Popular, blazing fast open source enterprise search platform from the Apache LuceneTMproject

Amazon SimpleDB is a highly available and flexible non-relational data store that offloads the work of database administration. Developers simply store and query data items via web services requests and Amazon SimpleDB does the rest.

Unbound by the strict requirements of a relational database, Amazon SimpleDB is optimized to provide high availability and flexibility, with little or no administrative burden. Behind the scenes, Amazon SimpleDB creates and manages multiple geographically distributed replicas of your data automatically to enable high availability and data durability. The service charges you only for the resources actually consumed in storing your data and serving your requests. You can change your data model on the fly, and data is automatically indexed for you. With Amazon SimpleDB, you can focus on application development without worrying about infrastructure provisioning, high availability, software maintenance, schema and index management, or performance tuning.

The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.

Cassandra's data model offers the convenience of column indexes with the performance of log-structured updates, strong support for denormalization and materialized views, and powerful built-in caching.

The Apache™ Hadoop® project develops open-source software for reliable, scalable, distributed computing.

The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. Rather than rely on hardware to deliver high-availability, the library itself is designed to detect and handle failures at the application layer, so delivering a highly-available service on top of a cluster of computers, each of which may be prone to failures.

Elasticsearch is a highly scalable open-source full-text search and analytics engine. It allows you to store, search, and analyze big volumes of data quickly and in near real time. It is generally used as the underlying engine/technology that powers applications that have complex search features and requirements.
CouchDB is a database that completely embraces the web. Store your data with JSON documents. Access your documents and query your indexes with your web browser, via HTTP. Index, combine, and transform your documents with JavaScript. CouchDB works well with modern web and mobile apps. You can even serve web apps directly out of CouchDB. And you can distribute your data, or your apps, efficiently using CouchDB’s incremental replication. CouchDB supports master-master setups with automatic conflict detection.

RavenDB is a transactional, open-source Document Database written in .NET, and offering a flexible data model designed to address requirements coming from real-world systems. RavenDB allows you to build high-performance, low-latency applications quickly and efficiently.

DynamoDB is a fast, fully managed NoSQL database service that makes it simple and cost-effective to store and retrieve any amount of data, and serve any level of request traffic. Its reliable throughput and single-digit millisecond latency make it a great fit for gaming, ad tech, mobile and many other applications.

Berkeley DB enables the development of custom data management solutions, without the overhead traditionally associated with such custom projects. Berkeley DB provides a collection of well-proven building-block technologies that can be configured to address any application need from the hand-held device to the datacenter, from a local storage solution to a world-wide distributed one, from kilobytes to petabytes.

Helpful Links : Cool Technology : Microsoft : ASP.NET : SignalR (Latest Version 2.0)

What is SignalR

ASP.NET SignalR is a new library for ASP.NET developers that makes developing real-time web functionality easy. SignalR allows bi-directional communication between server and client. Servers can now push content to connected clients instantly as it becomes available. SignalR supports Web Sockets, and falls back to other compatible techniques for older browsers. SignalR includes APIs for connection management (for instance, connect and disconnect events), grouping connections, and authorization.

Helpful Links : Microsoft : Documentation : Better Unit Testing with Microsoft Fakes (Published April 2014)

Visual Studio 2013

Microsoft has published a document that represents the current view of Microsoft on Unit Tests from the Visual Studio ALM (Application Lifecycle Management)  Rangers Team.

          Website: Visual Studio Test Tooling Guides

Also there is additional documentation:

Here is the documentation for download:

The guidance includes the following artifacts:

  • Poster - Encountering IntelliTrace technology in DevOps
  • Poster - Resolving bugs in DevOps with the help of IntelliTrace
  • Cheatsheet - Build Master DevOps and IntelliTrace Checklist
  • Cheatsheet - IntelliTrace Cheat Sheet
  • Cheatsheet - Ops view of DevOps and IntelliTrace
  • Hands-on Lab - Build (Symbols Configuration & Build)
  • Hands-on Lab - Dev (Client Side No Symbols Found Resolution)
  • Hands-on Lab - Ops (Collection for WPF Rich Client)
  • Quick Reference Guide - Developer view of DevOps and IntelliTrace
Additional Helpful links:

How To : Microsoft : Windows 7 : Certificate : Permissions

Managing Permissions for Certificates on Windows 7

While doing development on a Windows 7 system you may need to use a certificate.  If you use a certificate, you will need to assign yourself the correct permissions to use it. In the below example I assign permission to the Network Service account and myself. Previously you would have use the WSE 3.0 Certificates Tool to assign permissions.  Now you can use MMC Certificates Snap In

After you run MMC >Certificates Add In

  1. Right click on the Certificate > All Tasks > Manage Private Keys
  2. Assign Network Service and Your self permissions to the certificate

How To : Microsoft : TFS (Team Foundation Server) : Get check-ins for a specific user using TF.exe command line

Visual Studio 2013 Commands:

All Check Ins for a specific user
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\Common7\IDE\TF.exe" history $/ /user:RAmiscaray /recursive  /noprompt

All Check Ins for a specific user from Start Date (5/17/2014) to End Date (5/31/2014)
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\Common7\IDE\TF.exe" history $/ /user:RAmiscaray /recursive /noprompt /v:D5/17/2014~D5/31/2014


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Tim Trial, Ross Robertson, Brian Gish

Long Term Performance of EPDM Roof Membranes Revisited

The results obtained in this study confirm the outstanding field aging performance of EPDM membranes. The tensile strength and tear resistance data obtained for both ballasted and exposed roofs exceed the ASTM D 4637 specifications new and heat aged membranes… Read More


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Introduction: Today, it is recognized that factors other than health services are involved in health improvement and decreased inequality so identifying them is the main concern of policy makers and health authorities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of governance indicators on health outcomes.

Methods: A panel data study was conducted to investigate the effect of governance indicators on child mortality rate in 27 OECD countries from 1996 to 2012 using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and EVIEWS.8 software.

Results: According to the results obtained, under-five mortality rate was significantly related to all of the research variables (p < 0.05). One percent increase in under-five mortality in the previous period resulted in a 0.83% increase in the mortality rate in the next period, and a 1% increase in total fertility rate, increased the under-five mortality rate by 0.09%. In addition, a 1% increase in GDP per capita decreased the under-five mortality rate by 0.07%, and a 1% improvement in control of corruption and rule of law indicators decreased child mortality rate by 0.05 and 0.08%, respectively. Furthermore, 1% increase in public health expenditure per capita resulted in a 0.03% decrease in under-five mortality rate.

Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that considering control variables, including GDP per capita, public health expenditure per capita, total fertility rate, and improvement of governance indicators (control of corruption and rule of law) would decrease the child mortality rate.

Keywords: governance; child mortality rate; OECD; GMM
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Volume 13, Issue 1, January-March 2021

The worldwide spread of COVID-19 as an emerging, rapidly evolving situation, and the dramatic need of urgent medicine or vaccine, has rapidly brought new hypotheses for pathophysiology and potential medicinal agents to the fore. It is crucial that the research community provide a way to publish this research in a timely manner.

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