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Consider Repurchase Rights for Founders Stock

You took the leap and founded a new business. You and your co-founders have purchased your shares, own them outright, and are ready to go. Then someone suggests you should make these shares subject to a Repurchase Right. Huh?

Why should you agree to tie the shares you got for starting the Company to a right of repurchase that goes away over time similar to how employee stock options vest over time? There are a several reasons to consider doing this. We’ll name a few, but will first explain Repurchase Rights.

Repurchase Rights Defined

In the context of shares of stock, a Repurchase Right is a term that provides a party (or parties), typically the Company that originally issued the shares, to repurchase those shares from the shareholder who owns them. Repurchase Rights for startup companies are often used with Common Stock, in particular Common Stock issued to the founders of the business when the Company is formed. The Repurchase Right usually has a time-based structure meaning that the right to repurchase shares from the founder will lapse over a pre-determined time period.

What are the differences between a Repurchase Right and Vesting?

(1) The shareholder owns the stock subject to a Repurchase Right. Options Holders do not have any rights to stock options that are unvested.

(2) A Repurchase Right gives the Company an “option” to buy shares back from the shareholder under certain circumstances (typically upon leaving the Company). The Company does not have to exercise this right, and it must repurchase the shares from the shareholder (usually for the initial price paid). Failure to take these actions results in the shareholder keeping the stock that was subject to repurchase. With options subject to vesting the Company does not have to take any action on the unvested portion of the option grant if an employee leaves or is fired. These options revert to the Company automatically.

With Stock Option Vesting, if you leave during the vesting period you forfeit the unvested portion of your option grant. With a Repurchase Right, if you leave during the repurchase period you do not immediately forfeit the shares still subject to repurchase. The Company must elect to repurchase these shares and pay you for them. Usually the amount paid is equal to the original purchase price, but there are situations where the repurchase price is tied to the current value of the shares. Given that it requires a Company to come out-of-pocket to repurchase the shares, there are scenarios where the Company will elect not to repurchase. Many Repurchase Rights provide the right to repurchase to multiple parties in a waterfall structure. Usually the Company has the Right of First Refusal to repurchase the shares, but if it declines, this right will often then shift to investors in the Company with the right shared between them. If none of the parties who have a right to repurchase elect to do so within a pre-defined period of time, the shareholder will retain the shares.

We have seen situations where the Company and investors allowed a Repurchase Right to expire even when the business was doing well. Two examples of this include one where a Founder who was asked to step out of the CEO role and agreed with the new CEO that it made sense for them to depart the business, which they did amicably, and another case where the executive’s spouse had health issues and he wanted to spend more time with her so resigned from the Company with about six months left on the Repurchase Right clock but the Company decided it was appropriate to allow the right to expire.

The decision on whether to exercise the Repurchase Right is usually made by the Board of Directors, although the process maybe defined in a voting agreement which could provide for a different process to decide this matter. There are several potential conflicts of interest with the Board to consider. First, the departing shareholder might have a board seat and would clearly be an “interested party” when it comes to the Repurchase Right. Second, if Investors have a secondary right to repurchase, they might want the Company to waive its right so they can exercise their own repurchase rights. Legal counsel can help structure the repurchase terms to minimize these conflicts.

So, why should you consider tying at least a portion of your founders equity to a Repurchase Right? There are several reasons to do so – we cover four of them below:

When do you “earn” your shares?

Did you earn your founders shares for being there when the company was started, or is it implied, along with your co-founders, that you will have earned these shares for the time and energy you put into working side-by-side to make the business successful? It is usually a combination of these.

Founders often put in a meaningful amount of time, effort and sometimes also money before they formally start a Company. This should be recognized as should the simple fact the founder came up with the idea and took the leap to found the Company. However, great ideas seldom result in valuable outcomes without a group of people first putting in a significant amount of effort to turn the idea into reality. This is especially true since many businesses are successful based on business models and strategies that are very different from what was first envisioned when the business was formed. Execution matters A LOT.

As such, it is reasonable to put a structure in place that requires the founding team to “earn” these shares over time based on their ongoing engagement with the business as it grows and evolves.

Early Founder Departures

Ask any number of founders who had a co-founder bail on them for the “safety” of a high paying job at some big corporation but owned their shares outright and decided to keep them, how they feel about vesting founders shares. When you make the business a success, is it really fair that this person shares in the spoils in a big way? Doubtful.

Setting up a repurchase right on founders shares helps ensure each founder has a clear incentive to stick with the business and help it succeed, and forces them to make a hard decision if a different opportunity arises that they want to pursue. It keeps you aligned and keeps everyone motivated. To the extent any of the founders was planning to only stick around for a short period of time, setting up a repurchase right will encourage an up front discussion about this at the outset, which in the long-run will be a good thing.

Get Aligned with Employees

You will invariably expect early employees to accept a vesting schedule for their shares. While there are good arguments for how your founders shares should be treated differently, you should also consider the employees point of view and be aligned with them.

Showing your employees the importance of earning equity by having the founders earn it too can create a better working environment where everyone is in the same boat together. We’ve seen too many founders get frustrated that an engineer who owns .01% of a Company (on a four year vesting schedule) and makes less in cash compensation than they could earn at a large enterprise wants to go home at night while the founder (who happensto own 25% of the company outright) pulls all nighters to make the business work. This disparity will always exist, so anything you can do to bridge the divide is a good thing.

You’ll probably have to do it eventually anyways

If you end up raising outside capital, especially from venture investors, it is likely you will be asked to sign up to a repurchase agreement for some portion of your shares. In other words, you’ll be asked (required) to give up some of the stock you own outright and put it at risk based on your ongoing involvement with the company.

When this moment arises, one of the main points of discussion will be how much credit you should get for ‘time served’ and as a result how much stock should remain owned outright and not subject to repurchase. If you set a repurchase agreement up when you start the Company, and the terms of this are within the range of reasonableness (explained below), there is a good chance the investors will stick with the plan you have in place. Safe to assume they will also look favorably on the fact you already took this step as it shows you and your co-founders have a long-term commitment to the business.

The Range of Reasonableness

So, lets say you agree it makes sense to set up a Repurchase Right on your founders shares.  What terms are fair to the founders, and what will pass muster with future investors?

We cannot say with certainty as every situation is different, but here are a few things we’d recommend considering:

(1)  Keep 6-18 months for yourself. Assuming a four year vesting period, and that you have not been operating the business for more than 12 months, plan to keep between 6 and 18 months, or 12.5% to 37.5%, of the equity outright, and subject the rest to a repurchase right. The 6-18 month range is up to you, but two factors that argue for 18 months (or more) include a long incubation period where you worked on the idea before forming the business and a prior track record of success.

(2)  Tie the remaining shares to a Repurchase Right over three to four years. We typically recommend having the repurchase right on the shares lapse over the number of months left in the typical 48 months vesting period after subtracting the months you keep outright.  So, if you keep 12 months (25%) outright, you’d have 36 months remaining. An easier method is to just pick a repurchase period of three or four years (yes, the vast majority of founders select three years – go figure!). Three years is usually within the reasonable range that would be acceptable to investors.

(3) Protect Yourself – While we wish it were not the case, there are investors out there who will try to screw you over and you need to protect yourself. In terms of repurchase rights you should make sure you are protected from a scenario where the investors try to push you out of the business during the repurchase period in order to get some of your shares back into the Company (or worse, into their own hands). There are valid situations where investors want a founder to leave, but also those where the tipping point in the decision is the opportunity to pull back a bunch of stock from the founder. You should put a termination clause in the repurchase right that says if you are dismissed (fired) from the business without cause, that the repurchase right for at least some portion of the shares tied up will go away. If you leave on your own volition, the repurchase right stays in place, but if you are let go, the right goes away. If it is time for a founder to leave the business, having this structure in place will force the investors to work out an acceptable arrangement. Note the “without cause” statement – if you start to take actions detrimental to the business in an effort to get fired, you risk triggering a “for cause” determination which will nullify your protections. It is a reasonable structure as it helps ensure you don’t do bad things to get fired and keep your stock, while ensuring the investors do not fire you simply (or mainly) to get a bunch of your shares back.

(4)  Set up Change of Control protections. Item #3 protects you prior to the sale of the business, but after the Company is acquired you are dealing with a totally different set of decision makers. Ensure that all of the shares subject to repurchase have accelerated vesting for a change of control. We recommend a 100% Double Trigger which essentially means that if your business is acquired, and you are subsequently fired, forced to move outside of your current metro area, have your salary materially reduced, or have a significant change in your work responsibilities, the repurchase right ends and you own the shares outright. There is an arguement for a Single Trigger (repurchase right ends at change of control), but it does not usually pass the sniff test because part of the value in the acquisition is buying the team, including you. Look for another post that discusses Triggers (single and double) in more detail soon.

(5) Assuming you have good corporate counsel, discuss this with them to get their input on what terms you should consider in setting up the repurchase right. They should have some boilerplate terms from other deals that they can provide.

So, are you convinced that applying a Repurchase Right to founders shares is a good idea? If not, PLEASE include a comment to tell us why. If you are unsure, let us know what questions/concerns you have. If you have other reasons to consider having, or not having repurchase rights, please include these as well. If you found the article helpful, please comment to let us know (we like getting feedback), and please share it with others on Twitter, Facebook or a link from your website/blog.  Thanks!

About CapGenius
All about equity

22 Responses to Consider Repurchase Rights for Founders Stock

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  5. Great Article. I’ll be sharing with my startup clients when I get pushback on this. Thanks.

    • CapGenius says:

      Thanks, much appreciated. Hope it helps when you get pushback from clients. This brings up a point we want to share – Entrepreneurs should hire an attorney who will push back and give them feedback when the structure they want may not be in their best interests over the long run. Don’t hire someone to generate documents – hire someone who understands the importance of what goes into those documents.

  6. righteously indignant says:

    What if they were instrumental in setting up and keeping the company, missing ridiculous deadlines with barely-legal workloads, were the go-to person who knew and did everything that no one else would do, and were the company’s backbone and excyclopedic repository of knowledge and skills, all for six long years, and they left because they were being bled like a stone for more and more work and hours without fair compensation, weren’t listened to when their concerns that the company was being run into the ground (and how to fix them) fell on deaf ears, and were stressed to the brink of mental and physical illness and were hospitalized more than once because of it? Not to mention they accepted significantly lower pay than is average for their position for those six years in exchange for those stocks? Are they still the b**** who is profiting for no work, then? In such a case, I think the company is the one profiting unfairly off the blood, sweat and tears of their fellow founder and punishing them for leaving, since the company is in trouble without them and the co-founder knows it. I think my spouse (the above real-life example) is getting the better deal because I predict that without another financial transfusion from the remaining founder (the only one of four original members left now) that inside of two-three years the company is going to go under (they have no exit strategy, and are blind to their leadership deficiencies) and we will have gotten a deal, getting our money back and they will be left holding the very empty bag.

    • CapGenius says:

      Dear Righteous:

      Wow. Where to begin?

      Two things we can really comment on here given we don’t know the exact situation (and it sounds like we don’t want to):

      (1) Sorry – sounds like a terrible situation to be in. Choosing your co-founders wisely is probably the most important thing you can do and no vesting structure can save you from an untenable situation. Unfortunately, even situations where people think they have done this can go wrong.
      (2) The founder vesting we have proposed would not have been an issue for your wife given her six years of service to the company. There are clearly situations where co-founders can make things so miserable that you’d rather leave early than keep on vesting, but those are not common, and you can generally assume the end result will be a negative one for those co-founders anyways, as it sounds like it was in this situation. People who behave this way don’t often find great success (yes, there are frustrating exceptions).

  7. entrepreneur says:

    Is it possible to establish repurchase rights after the founders stock has been issued? (e.g. we issued the stock two months ago and are still laying the foundation for the company. There are several individuals who have not contributed except for several days as we began.)

    • CapGenius says:

      You can add repurchase rights at any time but will have to get agreement from the shareholder to assign these rights if they were not part of the initial structure (you actually have to get them to agree to this even if it is, but in that case if they refuse you can just decide to not give them any stock). Hopefully this will be possible for you. If not you might want to consider negotiating an arrangement with them that is fair given the short period of time they helped out. Realize that their idea of “fair” is likely to be different from yours and you should think about how to recognize their help in terms of things they helped you accomplish instead of days they worked (safe bet they will think of it this way).

      There are more “draconian” approaches if they refuse and if the remaining founders feel strongly that it is an unfair situation. All involve legal efforts and cost as you might expect. If you have to go down this route you should do it now while the company is still in the formative stages instead of waiting until later on. Ping us if this is the route you have to go and we will try to give at least some high level guidance and ideas you could explore with your legal counsel to see if they are feasible in your situation.

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  9. bob says:

    Can a company have an indefinite repurchase right (i.e. it does not expire no longer how long after the person leaves)? Does the law provide a default amount of time after which if expires, if no time limit is specified?

    • CapGenius says:

      Not sure if it is legally possible to have an indefinite repurchase right, but we have never seen this done before. The simple reason is that you should try to have some finality around the departure of a founder/employee, and setting an indefinite repurchase period would leave both sides in limbo for a long time. In fairness to the person who has departed, for the Company to wait for a long time (ie years) before deciding whether to repurchase the shares would make it possible to wait to know whether the business will be a success or not before making the decision to repurchase.

      That said, if the concern you have is that the Company might not have the capital available for the repurchase, you could structure the arrangement so that the Company declares its intention to repurchase but has some longer time period within which to pay for these shares. Alternatively you could structure the repurchase so the company has to decide whether to exercise its rights soon after the departure, but instead of paying cash for the shares would issue a debt instrument to the shareholder in question that would not be payable until some future date, which could be a future financing round or an exit (sale or IPO).

      To the best of our knowledge there is not “default” time period for expiration as there is no law specifically for repurchase rights – these rights are unique for each situation and tied to a legal agreement.

      If there is a specific scenario you are trying to plan for or avoid, please let us know and we’ll try to be more specific to your particular situation.

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  11. LostinLegalLand says:

    Question on a clause in stock agreement about Right to Repurchase. This clause states my company has the right to repurchase my shares within a set period of time. How is the price of the shares determined? Who sets that price? Also, do I have to sell? Can I refuse? What if I the company is repurchasing my shares so they can regain those shares and later the company has an IPO? To me that seems unfair. I feel like I am being bought out.

    • CapGenius says:

      Typically the repurchase right is set up so that if you leave the company they have the right to repurchase the stock from you. This may be tied to a stock grant with a repurchase right, or could be applied to a stock option, either one with early exercise rights, or one that has vested and been exercised. If the former it is pretty standard stuff. If it is tied to options you have early-exercised (meaning you have not vested/earned the shares, but you can exercise the options before this happens, sometimes available to employees for tax planning reasons). However, if it is the final one (vested and exercised stock options) we would have concerns about the approach this company is taking in granting equity to employees, namely that they are setting it up to make it possible to screw people over down the road.

      More on that below but first quick answers to the rest of your questions:
      How is Price Determined? It should be pretty clearly outlined in the document and if it is not you should not be afraid to ask. Typically this will be set at the price you paid for the stock (price per share), but if this is a situation where the company is putting in a repurchase right for vested and exercised options it might be set at the then fair market value. This is uncommon, and is better for you as the employee (which is why it is uncommon). Determining fair market value is a whole ‘nother can of worms (and is now in the article queue).

      Do I have to Sell? Can I refuse? Highly unlikely that you can refuse. If you could the whole point of the “Right to Repurchase” would be pointless, or at least not a “Right”

      What if they company is repurchasing my shares so they can regain the shares and later the company has an IPO? And herein lies the issue with Repurchase Rights IF those rights are tied to vested and exercised options. If this is a repurchase right on a share grant that you have to earn over time, and you have not met that time period requirement, it is hard to complain if they take these back. But if you actually “own” those shares and earned them, a clause giving them the right to buy them back kinda sucks….

      Specifically, if you have a stock option that has fully vested, and you exercised this option and now own the stock (purchased with your hard earned cash), and the company has a right to repurchase the stock, whether for a specific reason (you leave the company) or more generally, this is a bad situation and you should think twice about joining the company. The reason we say this is that if they are sticking these clauses in the stock plan for employees, they are doing so because they want to have the flexibility to potentially screw people over later. They will not say this of course, they will say they want to ensure they control the ownership and have flexibility, and that they “would never” do something to screw over employees. Unfortunately, history has shown that this is not always how things work out, and some combination of greed, weak morals and bad ethics come into play and when those shares of stock that have little value today are later on worth millions, people show their true colors. If the wrong person has the ability to leverage the repurchase right described above, you are at risk.

      Some will argue this clause is fair with employees who leave, to which we say, Bah! If the person earned (vested in) the equity, its done, they earned it, finished. There should not be a way to take this back at that point and a company who gives itself this ability is not doing it with their employees best interests at heart.

      hope this helped.

  12. Pingback: In Singapore, a Stock Repurchase scheme isn't easy thanks to article 76 of the Companies Act. How does founder vesting work? - Quora

  13. rhoneyman says:

    I have a somewhat different problem. There are four co-founders and a number of other shareholders. A potential lender is going to require personal guarantees for any shareholder exceeding 10% equity interest. Two of the co-founders are unwilling to offer a personal guarantee.

    The two who are willing will be issued new shares as compensation. The shares will have a vesting period. No problem here. However, the unwilling co-founders both need to have their current ownership interest reduced significantly.

    A repurchase arrangement (which is already included in employee agreements) doesn’t look like it addresses the ownership question cleanly enough. Instead, I was thinking of the unwilling co-founders remit shares to the corporation for safe-keeping and somehow weakening their ownership interest. That interest would be ceded back to the shareholder via a vesting mechanism.

    Does this sound plausible and feasible? Is there a better/more appropriate/more elegant way of accomplishing this?

    • CapGenius says:

      Picture flashing red lights and klaxons going off with ‘WARNING WARNING WARNING’, or in this case ‘AVOID AVOID AVOID’. Now read on…..

      Before we “answer” this question we are going to cover a lot of other stuff below, and then ultimately refuse to directly answer this question because based on what we read we (and I took a poll before writing this), all ADAMANTLY agree that you should not try to force a co-founder to personally guarantee debt for the business, that it truly runs counter to the reasons people form corporations and take personal risk starting companies, and that each of us would aggressively pursue legal action if we were in a situation where people tried to force this on us. (by the way, we also don’t think you should do it yourself, but more on that below).

      That said, we will suggest a potential alternative that would be fair to all parties.

      So, to continue, this is an interesting challenge, and frankly a new on for us. As stated above, we are violently opposed to the idea that equity holders should be required to provide personal guarantees on debt for a start-up. This is what is wrong with most of the lenders who claim to work with start-ups – they cannot get comfortable with the risk so do things like require you to guarantee the debt personally, charge absurd rates, or set it up so you can borrow the money but once your bank balance equals the amount they lent to you they prevent you from accessing the capital so there is no real point in having the loan in the first place (yes, this happens VERY FREQUENTLY). So, before instead of addressing your specific question, we’ll try to dissuade you from taking debt from this lender.

      One of the great things about being an equity holder (whether it comes from founder or working at a company or investing) is that your liability is limited (in standard cases) to what you’ve put into the company. You are taking a massive risk on a start-up in this regard, but you know your downside is limited to what you have committed to the business, personally and/or financially.

      Then along come these debt guys. They do not understand start-ups, they will never admit it but they cannot comprehend why you would take this sort of risk, and no matter what they tell you, they have no idea how to assess the creditworthiness of a business that has no revenue (or if already rolling has a negative cash flow). The number of lenders that truly understand these companies, are comfortable with this risk, and have been consistently focused on lending to start-ups can be counted on one hand. Everyone else is outside their comfort zone, so they end up asking for things like personal guarantees on the debt. Which leads us to START UP AXIOM #1:

      If someone ever requires you to personally guarantee money they are providing to a start-up, whether it is equity, debt or revenue, you should only accept this if they agree that you get to personally keep all of the gains related to their involvement. Why should you pay a lender above market interest rates and give them warrants (or other equity) in your company if you have to personally guarantee they’ll get their money back. Their risk is no longer tied to the business, it is now tied to you, so why should they get any benefits or upside from the company? Answer, they SHOULD NOT.

      Now, to try and get to your question, but with some more advice along the way:

      We do not believe equity holders should ever be required to guarantee debt, and unless this was clearly outlined in the documents they signed when they received the equity, it will be very hard to force them to make personal guarantees on behalf of the company, and frankly we think it is inappropriate to do so. Think about it this way – you join a company and agree you are going to work really hard to make it a success. You take a huge risk with your career and maybe put some money in to make it work. You have some money saved up which makes it possible to take this risk, and maybe you are married with kids and having something in reserve was a clear necessity if you wanted to give this start-up thing a shot. Now, AFTER you take that leap and start working to make the company a success you find out that you have to personally guarantee debt for the company. That sucks.

      Our advice would be that given the circumstances described you sound like you may have some founder conflict issues that need to be resolved, and that the debt guarantee issue has helped surface. You should think about whether this is accurate and if so work to resolve those before you deal with the specific debt issue.

      Next (whether we are right or wrong about broader conflict issues) – is this the only source of capital for the business? If so you should talk about why this is the case, and whether there are alternatives that are better than what is on the table (a debt guarantee sucks, trust us. Don’t forget these will be joint and several, meaning that each person is individually on the hook for all of the debt, so that if the other people who provided guarantees do not pay, you might have to, or worse, the lender may just go after one person because they have deeper pockets).

      Finally – a better solution. If the lender is focused on your personal assets for guarantees, have the two founders wiling to take on this risk just structure the loans to be personal loans, and then have these founders lend the money to the company, or invest it in the form of preferred equity where you get this money out first. As an individual you are taking on the same risk as with the personal guarantee, but instead of passing the upside for lending to the start-up to the lender, you are getting the “compensation” for backing this money up. You can structure it under the same terms as the lender was asking for, with all of that accruing to the two founders who are extending the loan. If you are reading this and thinking “I don’t want to personally loan money to the company” then stop now, call the lender and tell them you are going to pass because if you guarantee the loan you are in many ways doing exactly that, but with no upside because the only reason the company will fail to pay the debt is if it cannot do so, so if you get stuck with the debt on the personal guarantee it is a pretty safe bet you are sitting on a worthless company as well. Again, that sucks.

      As we said up front – AVOID AVOID AVOID.

      PS As an aside, one of our contributors shared a story about a lender who was setting up a $1 million line of credit for one of his companies. They got to the final paperwork when the lender threw in a clause that they wanted the venture investors to have their firms guarantee the debt. As any legit firm would do, the firms both refused and the company set up the line of credit elsewhere. The beauty of this story? Three months later, before the company drew down a nickel from the line of credit, they were acquired for $485 million. The warrants that the initial lender would have gotten (and the second one DID get) were worth over $1 million. Given the company never borrowed any money, the ‘debt returns’ for this lender included $500 paid in to exercise the warrants (yes, $500), and $1.05 million paid out a couple of weeks later. The second lender (one of the ones on our single hand above) reaped a return on investment that to this day continues to be a record in terms of IRR (Internal Rate of Return). They deserved every penny for stepping up.

      • rhoneyman says:

        Thanks, Cap. I agree completely with your response in the case where the lender is a non-government entity. However (I probably should have mentioned this), the lender in question is state government economic development agency. As we started getting into it after my initial post, we discovered that are some state grants associated with the whole package.

        Does that information change your assessment? Thanks again.

      • CapGenius says:

        It changes things in that I no longer question the motivation of the lender, but to be honest I’d be very concerned about having to guarantee a government loan of this sort. Grants are great, and usually require no financial guarantees. Just to understand, if they loan you the money and the business fails, they want you to repay them? If the answer is yes, then the initial response pretty much stands.

  14. Mark says:

    How would you deal with a vesting scenario if both founders will work on it besides their day job as we don’t have money or investors. I believe that I will be spending more time on it and have also thought of and created the first version of the product. So I was thinking about a 60/40 split.

    What is better? Get all stocks but have Repurchase Right. I am guessing that we would value the stocks rather low so repurchase costs would be low. Or have a vesting scenario that after a year your get 25% and from then 2% each month. Now difficulty here is of-course that for both of us it is not the full time job. (unfortunately).

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Tag Archives: marine exhaust

Exhaustive Knowledge

An awareness of what is going on with your exhaust system can keep your engine running at peak performance and avoid costly repairs.

By Capt. Ken Kreisler

Years back, a friend of mine, short a mate for a late afternoon, early evening six-pack charter, asked me to work the deck for him. Fishing was good and on the way back to the barn, with just a few minutes to his dock, I noticed we were riding a bit low in the water and that the bilge pumps were now discharging fairly regularly. I told him about it and decided we would check things out as soon as we were shut down and our fishermen were on their way.

We discovered there was quite a bit of water below as well as having collected forward. I asked him to hit the starter button and as the engine turned over, I was shocked to see raw water pouring out from underneath the hose connecting to the riser. Instead of being discharged out the exhaust pipe, it was bucketing into the boat. When we took things apart, we discovered the riser itself was totally corroded from the inside with very little material left being held by the hose clamps. We had dodged a very big bullet and one that neither of us would ever forget.

Just like any other critical part of your boat’s engine, the exhaust system needs proper attention to ensure safe and smooth operation. Besides the chance of being exposed to noxious fumes, not doing so can lead to severe engine problems and yes, even sinking.

Checking out your boat’s exhaust system should be a part of your regular preventive maintenance regimen. Photo: DeAngelo Exhaust Systems

We usually take the exhaust system for granted and expect there is little if anything that can go wrong. First mistake. This is a very important maintenance component and while you should call in the experts if you suspect there is a problem brewing, there are some things you can look for to help you head off the sticker shock of a major engine overhaul.

By now, we all know that when an up stroking cylinder compresses atomized diesel fuel—or when a spark goes off in a gasoline engine—there is detonation. Once that occurs, the resultant gases given off need somewhere to go. And it is during the exhaust phase of your engine’s operation that this is accomplished. Not being able to efficiently do so will result in backpressure problems, the first of many that can occur.

“Most people don’t worry about it until something goes wrong; and when it does, it can be pretty bad,” says Jorge Lang, Operations Manager at Ft. Lauderdale’s DeAngelo Exhaust Systems. “Think of it as a human being; it has to inhale, through the air intakes, and exhale through the exhaust.”

Basically, backpressure is the inability for your engine to breathe properly and as easily as it should and results in poor performance, a cut in fuel economy, and decreased speed. In addition, there can be consequential damage to internal engine parts such as valves, stems, injectors, and critical gaskets. “If the exhaust is running straight out, you have no backpressure. But if it has to go through a ninety degree turn or through a muffler, or you’re going to throw water into that gas flow, your adding resistance.”

A corroded riser, left unchecked, can cause problems no one needs. Photo: BoatUS

Given the fact that diesel engine manufactures do not supply exhaust risers with their engines, this critical piece of equipment is therefore, an after market component where improper system design and sizing, that being the diameter of the exhaust pipe, can worsen the problem. “If the material used is also not of the proper grade, what you wind up with is a lethal combination of metal, exhaust fumes, and salt water that does not get along very well,” said Lang. “We’ve seen it all; some even thinking a Home Depot pipe job will suffice.”

Poorly designed exhausts can also allow water to flow back into the exhaust manifold, especially during large following sea conditions, and make its way into the engine. “There are a number of factors that determine how long a riser will last. Some of these include the quality of the welds, materials used, if the riser holds water when the engine is shut down, and how well it is supported.” Lang also suggests a regular inspection underneath your engine bed and stringers to look for rust spots, indicating a possible leak coming from somewhere.

Just as with your other important engine parameters, it’s best to have a base line for your exhaust system including correct operating temps for both cooling and exhaust systems, the right amount of visible exhaust flow should you not have an under water system, and of course, taking regular back pressure readings from your engine monitoring data. OEM’s have different predetermined backpressure limits based on critical internal features, so it’s best to check your engine manual or have the discussion with your engine manufacturer. Remember, the higher the backpressure, the more restricted the exhaust system will be. “Exceeding those limits will lead to problems,” said Lang.

Salt Deposit

A salt deposit on a muffler indicates a weeping spot where water is escaping. Photo: Centek Industries

But what if your running bottom and props are not fouled and your backpressure is within acceptable limits? “This happens a lot, especially with boats up north that are stored for the winter,” says Mechanical Engineer and Manager of Centek Industries’ Product Design & Engineering Bert Browning. “Something may have made its winter home in the exhaust pipe and either died or made a nest or some other kind of living space.” A careful check for obstructions before getting your boat back in the water should be part of your regular preventive maintenance regimen.

“While backpressure issues can result in higher exhaust temps you don’t necessarily need to have backpressure problems for this to result,” offered Browning. You can have some cooling water issues as a result of a faulty water raw pump or failed impellers. These should also be checked regularly. If that impeller is degraded or damaged, not only will the proper amount of cooling water be diminished but, should any of the vanes break loose, the rubber material can be pushed all the way through the cooling system and severely clog the water flow. Or, you may have picked up a plastic bag or some other debris through the intake hose. In this case, make sure you shut off—and open once done—the seacock before attempting to have a look. And always make sure, just as you check your oil and fluid levels before starting up, to have a look at your raw water strainer and clean the basket if any debris or fouling is present.

Another area to check is the condition of the blue and black hoses and the clamps, especially those connected to the riser and the mixing elbow. With high temperature ratings, blue hose, rated at 350F if preferable. Any telltale problems will show up as a discoloration on some portion of the hose, usually at the clamp site. And it’s a given that hoses should be double clamped. Other revealing signs, such as those with fiberglass, gelcoated, or even Awlgripped systems, will be a yellowish-brown discoloration and ‘flaky’ deterioration. “With fiberglass, over time, the resin will ‘cook out’ and start weeping resulting in salt deposits forming on the exterior surface of the exhaust pipe,” said Browning. “Losing the resin will cause the pipe to eventually soften and compress under the clamp force.”

A well-maintained exhaust system will result in better engine performance, improved fuel economy, and less impact on the environment. Photo: Ken Kreisler

Keeping tabs on your exhaust system is as important as any other aboard your boat. Check with your yard manager during yearly haul out time and have the risers inspected as part of your maintenance regimen. Besides the fact that exhaust fumes are noxious and can cause health problems, your engine will not be running as efficiently as it was designed to do and, allowed to continue operating under diminished conditions, will lead to costly repairs.

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Posted by on December 30, 2015 in Maintenance

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Green Dock

Green Dock

New Technical Report Recommends Guidelines
For Reducing Sulfur Oxide Emissions

The much-respected Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers offers some important advice on dangerous emissions.

By Capt. Ken Kreisler

One of the fundamental principles of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), an organization dating back to 1893, and one that rings true for this posting on the Boat & Yacht Report’s GREEN DOCK category, reads this way:

Using their knowledge, experience and skill for the enhancement of human well-being and as good stewards of the environment.

snamelogoSNAME’s lofty mission is to advance the art, science, and practice of naval architecture, shipbuilding and marine engineering. Since its inception, members have included commercial and governmental practitioners, students, and educators of naval architecture, shipbuilding, and marine and ocean engineering. The organization encourages the exchange and recording of information, sponsors applied research, offers career guidance, supports education, and enhances the professional status and integrity of its membership.

The latest efforts of the Society have resulted in a technical report that provides recommendations on technologies, practices and fuels that control and reduce sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions.

I’ll limit the chemistry lesson here and only mention that sulfur oxide refers to the many types of trbulletincompounds containing sulfur and oxygen, including SO2. According to the EPA, “sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of a group of highly reactive gasses known as “oxides of sulfur.” The largest sources of SO2 emissions are from fossil fuel combustion at power plants (73%) and other industrial facilities (20%).  Smaller sources of SO2 emissions include industrial processes such as extracting metal from ore, and the burning of high sulfur containing fuels by locomotives, large ships, and non-road equipment. SO2 is linked with a number of adverse effects on the respiratory system. “ Sulfur oxide compounds are also water soluble.

SO2 causes a wide variety of health and environmental impacts because of the way it reacts with other substances in the air.  Particularly sensitive groups include people with asthma who are active outdoors, children, the elderly, and people with heart or lung disease. These Impacts include:

    • Respiratory Effects from Gaseous SO2
    • Respiratory Effects from Sulfate Particles
    • Visibility Impairment
    • Acid Rain
    • Plant and Water Damage
    • Aesthetic Damage

Limitations on SOx are currently in place with more stringent regulations coming in the near future. Designed to assist with SOx management and reduction on ocean-going vessels, Marine Vessel Environmental Performance (MVEP) Assessment Guide Air Emissions: Sulfur Oxides (SOx) provides options for assessing emissions performance along with a standard methodology for determining SOx output from a vessel.

Marine Vessel Environmental Performance (MVEP) Assessment Guide Air Emissions: Sulfur Oxides (SOx) was written by Mark West and Brian Ackerman, reviewed by the SNAME Technical & Research Panel EC-10 and approved by the Society’s Environmental Engineering Committee.

Identified as Technical and Research Bulletin 6-2 MVEP AE-1, the 495-page report has been published electronically and can be ordered on the SNAME Website at

GREEN DOCK is dedicated to supplying a forum to discuss important issues, products, and trends that can better help all of us protect the environment. Your thoughts, ideas, opinions, and desire to make a change is most welcome. Please contact us by using the COMMENT tab at the lower right hand corner of this page.

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Posted by on February 26, 2014 in Green Dock

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Can You Fill A Three-Car Garage With V8s For Less Than $15,000?

We found three awesome V8 cars that are all affordable.

On our "build a garage" series, we like to prove that you don't need a ton of money to buy several cars to suit all of your needs. We think that the used market is the perfect place to purchase something cool for a fraction of the price of a new car. For less than $15,000, you could walk away with something like a Kia Rio, Mitsubishi Mirage, Chevy Spark, or Nissan Versa. However, what if you wanted a V8 in your garage? Could you actually fill out a garage with three V8 cars for less than the price of one new economy car?

The 2004 Audi S4 came with a 4.2-liter V8 engine with 340 horsepower going out to a Quattro AWD system. The cabriolet model that we found in Tampa Florida is currently being offered for just $4,995. The car has 85,393 miles, and comes in navy blue with a black leather interior. The S4 can fit four people and trudge through any bad weather. Not only is the S4 a comfortable cruiser, the glorious sound of the 4.2-liter V8 will be even clearer with the roof down. Maintenance on an old Audi is typically quite expensive, so you should budget some money if anything breaks. Still, it's amazing to think that you can get a V8 German convertible for less than $5,000.

The V8 engine can be used in many different applications. Some are tuned to be sporty, while others are built to be rugged. The 2003 Land Rover Discovery has a curb weight of over 4,500 pounds, so guess which category it falls into? The Discovery came with a 4.6-liter V8 which produces 217 hp and 300 lb-ft of torque driving all four wheels through a four-speed automatic. The Discovery can take seven people on an off-road exploration in British luxury. We found our Discovery SE for just $5,000 in Providence, Road Island on Pawtucket Ave. Maybe you'll run into Peter Griffin when you buy it.

Lexus built the first generation of the SC coupe from 1991 to 2000; the SC300 which came with the 3.0-liter 2JZ-GE inline-six from the Supra was especially popular. This version could be ordered with a manual, but unfortunately no turbo. The more powerful option was the SC400 which came with the 4.0-liter 1UZ-FE V8. This was the same V8 that was used in the LS400 and reportedly cost over $400 million in R&D. The SC400 was so good that it was named Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year in 1992. We found a 1996 SC400 for $4,925 in California. The SC400 is a nice reliable way to round out our budget V8 garage.

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Only The Gearbox Remains Original In This Modified Porsche 964

No heat. No air. Climate control inconveniences aside, it's a brilliant daily.

A real Porschephile probably wouldn’t buy a brand new 911, save for, maybe, the new GT3 Touring or 911 R, if they can afford one. Purist new 911s aside, there’s a huge market for original air-cooled 911s. Really, Porsche built these things for decades; it’s not hard to find one. But they’re no longer particularly cheap given the sudden upsurge in popularity. If you’re willing to pay what’s necessary, then one of the best air-cooled 911s out there is the 964, the generation Singer Vehicle Design starts with before those sick and ungodly expensive restomods.

One of Matt Farah’s oldest friends, Larry Kosilla, owns a heavily modified 964 that could probably kill an inexperienced driver. He’s done about as much as he can, modifications wise, to it at this point. Gone is the original flat-six, replaced by a 3.8-liter six that’s good for 300 hp.

This 911 also happens to be a Carrera 4, as in all-wheel drive, something that’ll come in handy for daily driving in Connecticut. Over the years, literally everything has been ripped out and replaced, such as the sunroof because, obviously, sunroofs are pointless in weekend track cars. Oh, and the entire climate control system has been yanked out as well, which must suck in the winter and summer. The only main original component is the five-speed manual, which has been beefed up some. Think of this 964 Carrera 4 as a fine blend between old and new; you experience the joys of an air-cooled 911, but there are also plenty of modern mechanical upgrades.

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The 2017 VW Golf Alltrack Is World's Better Than You'd Assume

Think a Golf wagon, only raised and with the Golf R's AWD system.

We honestly didn’t have high initial expectations for this one. Yes, we’re big fans of the Volkswagen Golf lineup, including the GTI and Golf R, but we failed to see the point of the Golf Alltrack. Then we drove one for a week and changed our minds. What VW did here was so simple it’s brilliant: start with the already excellent Golf Sportwagen, jack up the ride height a bit, tweak the exterior slightly, and toss in the Golf R’s 4Motion AWD system. Those Germans. So clever. So innovative.

Power, however, comes from the base Golf’s turbocharged 1.8-liter four-cylinder with 170 hp and 199 lb-ft of torque that comes paired to a six-speed dual-clutch. Honestly, this combo is more than good enough.

Step inside and you’ll find that familiar Golf interior, only VW offers just three color options and one upholstery material: leatherette. Why? Because it’s easy to clean following your down and dirty off-road adventures. Speaking of which, can the Golf Alltrack really take you off-road? Kind of. It’s not as able as, say, the Subaru Outback, but AWD is always better than FWD when going off pavement. In any case, the 2017 Volkswagen Golf Alltrack, base price of $26,950, is an all-around winner that’s earned our respect.

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Communications Specialist

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We have the Communications Specialist position you seek! Take a peek at this temp-to-hire opportunity currently located in Newark, NJ. For this position, the Communications Specialist is responsible for successfully developing, executing and managing association communication projects to ensure a superior level of member engagement, as well as optimum positive positioning of the company within their industry. This includes supervising ongoing programs and executing new initiatives in key areas as required and assigned.

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We offer an attractive compensation package including competitive salary, 401(k) plan, weekly paychecks, holiday pay and a health benefits program.

A specialist in placing creative, marketing and digital talent, The BOSS Group, offers temporary and direct hire/full-time positions with corporations, associations design agencies and non-profit organizations across the U.S. With 28 years of experience staffing and recruiting top creative talent we seek the best placement for you.
The BOSS Group is an equal opportunity employer.

Where Talent and Opportunity Meet

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Geotechnical Engineer

  • Job reference: IF-000615
  • Sector: Energy, Geotechnics, Infrastructure
  • Location: United Kingdom, Leeds, Warrington, Epsom, London
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Why not...

We have opportunities for dynamic and motivated Geotechnical Engineers. We are seeking experienced Geotechnical Engineers to join our geotechnical teams working in the energy and infrastructure sectors.

As one of the UK’s leading geotechnical consultancies Atkins offers a comprehensive service in ground technology. With more than 300 professionals, Atkins’ geotechnical reputation is built on the skills, excellence and commitment of our people in all aspects of geotechnical engineering.

Atkins has an impressive current portfolio of prestigious geotechnical projects in the UK and internationally. We need to increase our resources to meet the growing demands from our clients, especially in the infrastructure sector (particularly rail, highways & water) and the energy sector, which includes carbon capture & storage, renewable energy (wind, current and hydro-power), low carbon engineering, offshore and onshore oil & gas and nuclear power.

As a result, we’re looking to grow our team and looking for people with the drive and enthusiasm to embrace the future. We have the depth of knowledge and breadth of expertise to help you build a bright career in this exciting and rapidly evolving sector. We have offices throughout the UK and depending on the particular skillset and experience of the applicant we may consider locating the role in one of our UK hub offices (Epsom, London, Birmingham, Bristol, Warrington, Leeds & Glasgow), although other locations may be considered.

We welcome the opportunity to discuss a flexible working pattern for this vacancy. For roles advertised under the category of flexible working we would encourage you to explore the flexible working options we are able to offer during the interview process.

Candidates should have the right flair and ability that will help us develop and expand our infrastructure and energy geotechnics capability by building on the existing portfolio of our rapidly expanding, flexible and outward looking team that can tackle work across a broad spectrum of sectors.

The applicant will be required to carry out the geotechnical design of foundations for offshore and onshore structures including windfarms and oil and gas facilities. They will also be required to design and specify ground investigations for energy and infrastructure projects, be able to interpret the results from the investigations and to calculate the relevant geotechnical parameters.

  • Applicant to be a Geotechnical Engineer with a proven technical, commercial and project management track record. Excellent technical skills are required relevant to our work in the energy and infrastructure sectors. The applicant will require:
  • A strong academic background with a relevant degree (ideally MSc or equivalent) , at or approaching Chartered status
  • Proven experience of acting as a geotechnical engineer in a fast-moving engineering consultancy environment
  • Excellent communication skills and confidence to liaise with clients
  • Good commercial track record in negotiating and running successful jobs
  • Excellent report writing skills with the ability to self-check and produce accurate work.
  • A flair for innovation
  • A willingness to travel on short assignments both within the UK and overseas
Training and Development

The learning and development experience in our Ground Engineering team is different to that at most other companies. Here we thoroughly recognise the importance of our people and we invest for the long term to provide them with the technical, commercial and managerial expertise they need throughout their career. At Atkins our staff continue to learn and develop irrespective of their position or experience.

Our investment includes our acclaimed technical conferences, regular presentations and discussion groups, field trips, bespoke training courses as well as active on the job mentoring. We also have our Ground Engineering Academy to provide structured support and encouragement to staff in their progression to chartership. Fulfilling learning and development experiences include the opportunity for international assignments in a variety of countries.

We have also increased our investment even further by launching our Ground Engineering Professionals Programme, facilitating strong professional development to match the passion and skills of our talented people post-chartership.
This role may require security clearance and offers of employment will be dependent on obtaining the relevant level of clearance.  If this is necessary it will be discussed with you at interview.
If applying to this role please do not make reference to (in conversation) or include in your application or CV, details of any current or previously held security clearance.

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Thorndale Bad Credit Car Loans From Car Loans Bank

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Getting Approved for Your First Car Loan in Thorndale

Getting ready to buy your first car can be a very exciting time, but you should know what to expect before starting the car financing application process. First and foremost, you should already know what your credit situation looks like.
If you have bad credit, it is still possible to obtain car financing in Thorndale, but you will probably need to gravitate towards a company like us at the Car Loans Bank that specializes in bad credit car loans in Thorndale.
If you are young, you may have no credit history established yet; again, this may cause problems for some banks. Some lenders may be willing to finance you, while others will not. It may be a good idea to establish your credit by obtaining a credit card, or a secured loan that will report monthly payments to the credit bureaus. We can get you approved at Car Loans Bank, apply now.

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Our ultra-easy car loans application process is known throughout the industry as the simplest in Thorndale, requiring no faxing or paperwork, significantly cutting down on time. That means you could be a click away from your new car with Car Loans Bank's quick and simple application.
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We provide drivers with as much guidance as possible to inform successful bad credit car loan application, leaving them to choose the car they want, before letting us take care of the rest. Our car loan approval rate in Thorndale stands at over 99%, which is a testament to the work of our customer service team, who are committed to the success of every application.

You Can Still Get Auto Loans in Thorndale Even With Poor Credit

We foster an open-minded approach which treats each credit situation differently, meaning more drivers in Thorndale will be able to get on the road. Rarely will an application will be automatically discounted, even in the case of bankruptcy or a poor credit rating. Car Loans Bank has a team of over 150 credit specialists who are trained to assess each financial situation and deliver solutions which are agreeable to all parties - we help drivers with our Thorndale bad credit car loans.

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While we have a very strong customer base in Thorndale, we also service every province and territory across the country and welcome drivers to our offices in order to discuss their vehicle finance options. Alternatively, you can speak to us over the phone six days a week, and we will be happy to guide your car loan application in the right direction, whether you have an excellent credit record or need an bad credit car loan in Thorndale.

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Research Findings: Sugarbutch Will Teach You What Your Teacher Never Would

Throughout the research period, I will post research findings in an academic format to show off my fancy knowledge. This Research Findings report details the amazing stuff I discovered about online sex education for queer women using my own brain to analyze the content.

The Internet, among offering queer kids a singular source for sex education, is also a valuable resource for alternative and kink communities and for young people looking for resources about anything beyond vanilla sexual activity. Both heterosexual and homosexual people miss out on the opportunity to learn about anything outside of traditional, missionary-position, vaginal intercourse in sex education when it is in the classroom. But because of the Internet, examples of kink, BDSM, and queer sex are no longer hidden, secret, or shameful. In fact, they’re pretty freakin’ popular.

The Sugarbutch Chronicles, for example, is a multi-dimensional website featuring erotica, instructional and informational resources, pornography, and helpful shopping guides for queers interested in BDSM via a blog format. Run by a “kinky queer butch top,” Sinclair Sexsmith, the website is truly unique and offers something no sex education class is going to touch with a thirty-foot pole: naked people, leather, and an array of stuff to fill the void in between (“Sugarbutch Chronicles”). Autostraddle has also embarked on multiple endeavors to represent the kink / BDSM community in their work, including a recent month-long feature in which one post per week purely devoted to kink was posted for all readers (Sugarbutch). Efforts like these allow people to broaden their perspectives and engage in open, honest, and educational dialogue about different forms of sexual activity – which is crucial to sexual development.

The mission statement of Sugarbutch Chronicles is as follows:

“Sugarbutch Chronicles is an online writing project (aka “blog”) which explores sovereignty, healing, and communication through the personal examinations of sex, gender, and relationships, while celebrating queer sexuality, gender, culture, and identity in ways that are expansive rather than restrictive, liberating rather than limiting.” (“Sugarbutch Chronicles”)

The set-up of Sugarbutch chronicles is also very focused on the interactive potential of social media: Sexsmith takes questions from anonymous submitters via an “Ask Me Anything” box, interact with readers in the comments, and posts about her own personal life experience in order to make the narrative of kinky queer women more personalized and perhaps even, to lend it a face. Or multiple faces. Social media has made it possible to humanize kinky sex and therefore normalize it, bringing it out of the shadows and onto your computer screen while you’re on your lunch break. Amazing.

Aside from providing queer women with a space to explore more queer kinds of sex (and for clarification, what I mean is sex that doesn’t mimic made-for-men lesbian porn, explores BDSM, and isn’t restricted to a masculine/feminine dichotomy), the website also provides something empowering and strangely educational – honest erotica written by queer women, for other queer women. Take, for example, “Handprints on the Hotel Window:”

“I didn’t come. I am still dressed, wearing the boxers and tank top I slept in. She barely touched me. But I’m as satisfied as if I came twice (a rarity), content and buzzing as I lay down next to her and gather her into my arms.

We kiss, curl into each other. When she gets her voice back, she takes a minute to tell me what she liked—”I liked it when you kicked me, made me crawl,” “I liked being against the window,” “I liked coming over and over for you,” “I like when you tell me what to do”—which she knows I like to hear as part of my aftercare. Lessens my top guilt. I hold her close and stroke her skin.

We lay together a while as our bodies quiet and calm, then I strip and get into the shower. Later in the day, doing one last sweep over the hotel room before we leave, I notice her handprints still on the window, and a lip print where her face was pressed up against it. Usually I hate leaving the oils of my hands in prints on glass, too aware of janitorial jobs that must clean up after carelessness, but this time, it’s so pretty, I can’t bring myself to wipe them away” (Kristen).

What stands out in the above selection is a number of things: the honest depiction of sex being about more than climax, the presence of kink and rough sex (which was more heavily and graphically described in the full segment), and a depiction of post-coital communication about what two partners liked about their sexual rendevous. Sound like your average, everyday “Lesbians Go Nude” porn video? Nope. And that’s exactly what’s so amazing about it.

Whereas the Internet is seen as somewhat of a vehicle for purely heterosexual porn, having access to free erotica describing toys, sex play, and communication between two women engaged in sex pushes the boundaries of a traditional sex education and allows queer women to view themselves more honestly as sexual beings. It allows them a space to feel less shameful about their indulgences, and perhaps more normalized within their community. By backing that up with shopping guides and other resources, this kind of educational method – which could only be achieved through a vehicle like a blog – is a revolutionary mechanism for teaching queer women how to have sex and giving them agency to really explore what kind of sex they like in the first place.

Images without credits are always found innocently via Tumblr. Please let me know if any are yours!

Kristen. “Handprints on the Hotel Window.” The Sugarbutch Chronicles. 12 December 2011.

Sugarbutch. “NSFW Lesbosexy Sunday is Hogtied.” Autostraddle. 26 February 2012.

Sugarbutch Chronicles.” The Sugarbutch Chronicles.

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Assistant professor Coastal Structures

The TU Delft is world leader in the hydraulic engineering field. We are actively looking for an enthusiastic Assistant Professor to contribute to our research …

4 maanden geleden

Stevinweg, Delft, Zuid-Holland
Tijdelijk contract / Tijdelijke opdracht
Uren per week:
32 - 38 uur
€ 3475 - € 4757 per maand

The TU Delft is world leader in the hydraulic engineering field. We are actively looking for an enthusiastic Assistant Professor to contribute to our research and education activities starting september 2018.

You will be active in the field of coastal structures, which includes rubble mound breakwaters, closure dams, bed protections and other shoreline protection measures. Topics of interest include the analysis of (wave) boundary conditions, improving understanding of the underlying physical processes, application of (probabilistic) design methods, physical modelling, and development and application of CFD for coastal structures. You will combine a strong theoretical profundity with the ability to educate our students to become professional designers, engineers and scientists in this field. We are looking for a team player, who enjoys a broad scope of fundamental and applied research and has a genuine interest in teaching.

Your responsibilities include:

*Education: teaching, developing and organizing courses of value for the Hydraulic Engineering curriculum in the above field and across interfaces with adjacent disciplines (typically you will be responsible for one three month course and help with others); supervising BSc, MSc and PhD students in close co-operation with relevant companies.

*Research: conducting and initiating research in one of the above-mentioned fields, preferably including application of CFD to wave-structure interaction. This potentially becomes an enabler for nature-inclusive design of coastal structures. Research should cover both fundamental and practical aspects. The research portfolio will be developed in cooperation with colleagues both within the section and elsewhere.

* Valorization: the candidate is expected to acquire funding for these projects through cooperation with the private sector, government and / or EU or Dutch national projects and research grants.

*Organization: a small portion of the positions’ responsibilities is devoted to management activities in the department or faculty, e.g. participation in department and faculty committees.

The candidate: holds MSc and PhD degrees in a relevant area such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, or a strongly related field; is an experienced researcher and can demonstrate this through publications in scientific journals; has worked on applied projects in the relevant field for government and/or private sector. The candidate has experience in academic education and / or course programs for engineering professionals. The candidate can generate enthusiasm among students. The candidate has followed educational training or is willing to do so.

In addition, the candidate has a good network that is relevant for the department in e.g. private sector, government, and/or academia.

At the start of the tenure-track you will be appointed as Assistant Professor for the duration of six years. Section leader, department leaders and you will agree upon expected performance and (soft) skills. You will receive formal feedback on performance and skills during annual assessment meetings and the mid-term evaluation. If the performance and skills are evaluated positively at the end of the tenure track, you will be appointed in a permanent Assistant Professor position.

TU Delft offers a customisable compensation package, a discount for health insurance and sport memberships, and a monthly work costs contribution. Flexible work schedules can be arranged. An International Children’s Centre offers childcare and an international primary school. Dual Career Services offers support to accompanying partners. Salary and benefits are in accordance with the Collective Labour Agreement for Dutch Universities.

TU Delft sets specific standards for the English competency of the teaching staff. TU Delft offers training to improve English competency.

Inspiring, excellent education is our central aim. If you have less than five years of experience and do not yet have your teaching certificate, we allow you up to three years to obtain this.

Additional information

For more information about this position, please contact Bas Hofland, assistant professor, e-mail: B.Hofland@tudelft.nl, tel: +31 15 27 85067. Or look at our website (https://www.tudelft.nl/en/ceg/about-faculty/departments/hydraulic-engineering/).

To apply, please send a letter of application along with a curriculum vitae and a personal research and teaching statement (max. 3 pages), as well as a list of publications, link to or electronic copies of three key publications, and the names of at least three references mentioning your relation to them. Please e-mail all your application information in one single PDF entitled Lastname_ CITG18-24.pdf before 17 June 2018 to Recruitment-CiTG@tudelft.nl.


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Life in Macarthur
The Macarthur region includes the townships of Camden, Narellan and Campbelltown, with Camden (the home of Carrington) rated as one of the best suburbs in greater Sydney.

The Macarthur region has so much to offer its residents. Whether you love exploring nature, beautiful scenery, history, shopping, art, markets, live entertainment or dining out, you will be surprised by what Macarthur has available for you.

You can also feel comfortable in knowing that your good health is covered, as Macarthur has state of the art health facilities and some of Sydney’s leading medical specialists.

And if you want something else that isn’t here, Macarthur is only:

  • 45 minutes from the City
  • 40 minutes to the Airport
  • 40 minutes to the South Coast beaches
  • 30 minutes to the Southern Highlands
  • 40 minutes to the Blue Mountains

Just like Carrington – you will find that Macarthur has all you need, and more than you expected.

Want to know some more? For history buffs

Belgenny Farm

The home farm of John and Elizabeth Macarthur dates back to 1805. Located in a beautiful and picturesque setting, Belgenny Farm includes Belgenny Cottage built in 1820 and is the oldest surviving collection of farm buildings in Australia. Regular events are held throughout the year for the whole family to enjoy and there are also guided group tours into the history of the estate.

Camden Valley Inn

Built in the early 1930s originally as a milk bar, but always as a popular meeting place for locals. The “Camden Vale Inn”, as it was then known, was built to promote the pure and wholesome milk of Camden Park. Today the Inn has changed from milk bar to restaurant and a luxury hotel inn, after being granted its tavern licence in 1989.

The original building of Camden Valley Inn still retains its quaint charm and country friendliness in an atmosphere reminiscent of old England.

For nature lovers

The Australian Botanic Garden

The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan is Australia’s largest botanic garden with more than 2000 species of native plants. The Garden covers 416 hectares and features picnic areas with BBQs and shelters.

The Garden is the native plant garden of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, which is also responsible for the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens and the Blue Mountains Botanic Garden, Mount Tomah.

The Australian Botanic Garden features themed gardens with BBQ and picnic facilities, a café, walking tracks, a plant nursery and gift shop, as well as interactive sculptures such as the Sundial of Human Involvement, the Federation Flower Maze and Jamie Durie’s Room with a View. The Garden is home to the internationally significant scientific research facility, the Australian PlantBank.

The Garden is open every day of the year. Autumn, Winter and Spring the hours are: 8.00am – 5.00pm. Summer, the hours are: 8.00am – 7.00pm.

Dharawal National Park

Dharawal was proclaimed a national park in 2012. Prior to this it operated as a state conservation area and previously was a water catchment area managed by Sydney Water. Seventy years of restricted public access has kept the area largely undisturbed, so the surroundings remain pristine.

At 6,500ha, the park supports a huge range of birds and animals, superb plant life and features tracks to walk or ride and scenic spots to relax.

The park’s landscape is dominated by beautiful dense vegetation and rugged Hawkesbury sandstone. Bushwalks allow the discovery of eucalypt and shale forests, stunted woodlands and windswept heath as well as patches of rainforest and extensive sedge land.

Dharawal National Park is the traditional land of the Dharawal Aboriginal people. Their long connection with this Country, the land and waterways, and the plants and animals that live in it feature in all facets of Aboriginal culture and are associated with Dreaming stories and cultural learning that is passed on today. The park protects several ancient Aboriginal sites, including drawings and axe-grinding grooves.

O’Hares Creek catchment, on the Register of the National Estate is home to 17 vulnerable, rare or threatened species, and feeds the park’s eucalypt forest, woodland, heathland, and sedge land habitats. More than 500 plant species occur within the park, providing a home to a wide range of animals, including koalas and long-nosed potoroos, swamp wallabies, eastern wallaroos, New Holland honeyeaters and countless birds.

For art lovers

The Camden Society of Artists

The Camden Society of Artists fosters arts and appreciation of arts. The society regularly hosts a variety of exhibitions, field days, workshops, lessons, drawing and live model classes.

Campbelltown Arts Centre

The Campbelltown Arts Centre is a state-of-the-art facility delivering a broad range of contemporary cultural programs in both the visual and performing arts. The centre features more than 20 exhibitions a year and offers art lovers the following:

  • 180 seat performance studio
  • Rehearsal studios
  • Workshop space
  • Exhibition galleries
  • Japanese garden and teahouse
  • Outdoor scultpure garden
  • Café
  • Outdoor amphitheatre

The centre hosts an annual program of workshops, visual arts, music, dance, theatre, comedy, film, writing and new media.

For garden lovers

Campbelltown Japanese Gardens

The Campbelltown Japanese Gardens celebrate the sister city relationship between Campbelltown and Koshigaya. The gardens were presented to Campbelltown by the citizens of Koshigaya on 10 April, 1988.

The gardens feature a traditional waterfall, koi pond, timber bridge, stonework pathways, flourishing plants and a 16th Century designed teahouse, hand crafted by Japanese craftsmen. The aim of the garden is to obtain quiet solitude. The design represents elegant simplicity, leading to contemplation and heightened awareness.

Camden Community Gardens

Camden Community Garden is a place for gardeners to meet and exchange ideas, bringing together gardeners across a range of ages, abilities and a diverse cultural background.

Other attractions

Local Markets

The Macarthur area offers a range of community markets to suit all tastes and interests, including fresh produce, handmade arts and crafts, trash and treasure and much more.

The Camden Fresh Produce Markets are just 5 minutes from Carrington and are held every Saturday with locally grown fruit, veggies, herbs, country style baking, jams, wool products, meat, cheese and fresh flowers. A great way to get your weekly shop and enjoy your morning overlooking beautiful surroundings, the markets are one of the very special things that Camden has to offer residents.

The Cube Entertainment Centre

The CUBE is Campbelltown Catholic Club’s premium entertainment venue. This purpose built facility features state of the art sound and lighting, superb acoustics and a professional stage. The CUBE is the ultimate venue to see a huge range of national and international artists performing live.

Event Cinemas, Campbelltown – an 11-screen cinema complex, including Gold Class and V-max cinemas, offering all the latest movies. Located in Macarthur’s premier dining district, Kellicar Lane, you can dine with friends and family, a short stroll from the cinemas.

Dumaresq Street Cinema, Campbelltown – providing an affordable cinema experience, Dumaresq Street Cinema offers the same low price to all movie-goers at all sessions. This cash-only cinema has an ATM in the foyer.

United Cinemas, Narellan – an 8-screen cinema complex, with all screens featuring Grand Recliner Seating and offering all the latest movies, as well as two large-screen cinemas.

Macarthur Square is the leading retail destination in Sydney’s south west. The centre is home to more than 100 leading fashion names, as well as all of the latest homewares.

Relax in Macarthur’s very own ‘eat street’, Kellicar Lane, providing popular dining and entertainment options to suit everyone. Enjoy Event Cinemas with Gold Class, King Pin Bowling, and a vast choice of restaurant options.

The centre’s $240 million expansion, due for completion in late 2016, will add 45 new specialty stores, a fresh food hall, dining terrace and additional car parking, transforming the centre into the fifth largest shopping centre in the state.

Narellan Town Centre has Big W, Woolworths and Coles plus more than 140 specialty stores including fashion, beauty, fresh and fast food, a wide range of services, beautiful restaurants, cafes and United Cinemas featuring Grand Recliner Seating and 3D. The complex is currently undergoing a major redevelopment with the first stage due to open in November 2016  that will see it triple in size and will include K Mart, more specialty shops, professional suites and a spectacular outdoor food and entertainment area.

Camden Main Street

Take a stroll through boutique retail outlets and gift stores or stop for a coffee or lunch in one of the many street cafes located on this village style main street and enjoy the architecture of some of Sydney’s oldest and most picturesque buildings.

View a map of the Carrington estate and our facilities

Carrington offers a range of independent living options, including Mayfarm which offers state of the art cottages that provide the ultimate in style

Available Now →

Call us today to answer your questions and arrange a visit

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Massa turpis ornare nec commodo non, auctor vel cursus vestibulum varius hendrerit turpis quiseam cursus.


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3 Bedrooms Middle Floor Apartment in Sedella Print

This stunning 3 bedroom 2 bathroom independent Villa situated in Sedella offers the most striking mountain views Spain can offer, the master bedroom is very large it comprises of lounge and dining rooms kitchen and storage room and private garden, telephone and internet connection, a highly recommended property of view.
  • Utilities
    • Electricity
    • Drinkable Water
No energy rating available

Property Highlights

Ref No: R2798873
Price: €249,000
Location: Sedella
Area: Costa del Sol East
Country: Spain
Property Type: Middle Floor Apartment
Bedrooms: 3
Bathrooms: 2
Plot Size: 7000m2
Living Area: 124m2
Terrace: 0m2

More Information

Email: [email protected]
Call Us: +34 952 547 601 M. +34 649 123 068
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Nederlands
  • Deutsch
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More Information
H1 Title iPhone 8 Plus Luminescent Case
Color Rose Gold
Manufacturer Apple
Device iPhone 8 Plus
In stock

Luminescent Badge

The Luminescent case is designed with genuine crystals that light up at the touch of a button for a dazzling display. Enclosed in a rose gold outer shell and adorned with metallic buttons, this  illuminated phone case is as luxurious as it is unique. Light on or off, this case is a sight to behold.

  • Crystals light up at the touch of a button

  • Micro-USB rechargeable battery

  • Anti-scratch technology

  • Two-piece construction

  • Metallic buttons

  • Lifetime warranty

Write Your Own Review
You're reviewing:Luminescent
Your Rating


text:
Metadata Updated: August 9, 2018

The GPM Ground Validation Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) MC3E dataset was collected during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), which provides data on raindrop size and precipitation drop size distribution. The MC3E took place in central Oklahoma during the April-June 2011 period. The experiment was a collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Ground Validation (GV) program. The field campaign leveraged the unprecedented observing infrastructure currently available in the central United States, combined with an extensive sounding array, remote sensing and in situ aircraft observations, NASA GPM ground validation remote sensors, and new ARM instrumentation purchased with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

Downloads & Resources

Metadata Created Date August 9, 2018
Metadata Updated Date August 9, 2018

Metadata Source

Harvested from NASA Data.json

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date August 9, 2018
Metadata Updated Date August 9, 2018
Unique Identifier C499445-GHRC
Maintainer Email
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 026:00
Metadata Context
Schema Version
Catalog Describedby
Harvest Object Id df4e1a4a-2eea-4c4b-832c-0ad528de8160
Harvest Source Id 39e4ad2a-47ca-4507-8258-852babd0fd99
Harvest Source Title NASA Data.json
Data First Published 2012-02-24T15:48:29.000Z
Homepage URL
Language en-US
Metadata Type geospatial
Data Last Modified 2017-09-29T11:00:15.000Z
Program Code 026:001
Publisher Hierarchy U.S. Government > National Aeronautics and Space Administration > NASA/MSFC/GHRC
Related Documents,,,,,
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash 54961e4ebf4b187983dabc7bba28a7b4bb9d6d66
Source Schema Version 1.1
Spatial -97.7 36.5 -97.44 36.7
Temporal 2011-04-21T16:22:00Z/2011-06-06T23:59:59Z
Category MC3E, geospatial

Didn't find what you're looking for? Suggest a dataset here.


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Heady Harvest Lollipops

Rated 4.63 out of 5 based on 8 customer ratings
(4.63 based on 8 customer reviews)

This product contains less than 0.3% THC

2 Lollipops per bag

60mg Total (30mg each)

Note: This product could melt slightly due to high heat during shipping. If your product arrives melted, we are unable to refund or replace it. You can refrigerate to make hard again, CBD will not lose its effects after melting.
SKU: HH Lollipop Categories: , , ,

Product Description

CBD Isolate
Natural & Artificial Flavoring

2 per bag / 30mg PER Lollipop (60mg Total)

– Peach
– Pomegranate
– Watermelon
– Strawberry

8 reviews for Heady Harvest Lollipops

  1. Rated 5 out of 5

    Every thing I have purchased from you have been a great success in my store I cant keep them on the shelf thankyou and I need to make a order right now

  2. Rated 5 out of 5

    Great to carry with for pain relief and anxiety. CBDvapjuice.net thanks for great service!

  3. Rated 5 out of 5

    Love this Brand. Products are full spectrum organic flavor tastes great. Best lolis around

  4. Rated 5 out of 5

    I love the lollipops, i just wish i could pick the flavor.

  5. Rated 3 out of 5

    The product worked better for my wife than I. The first time around, I received strawberry, which was great… Second time, mango… Not so much… Without the option to choose the flavor, and try the flavors that I’m most interested in, I won’t be ordering this product again. Strawberry =5 stars; mango=1 star; average=3 stars.

  6. Rated 4 out of 5

    Didn’t give me the strongest feeling but I only had one. They taste great though and I’m sure I’d have more of an effect with eating both.

  7. Rated 5 out of 5

    I am so excited to have finally ordered this product. I love them!! I like the higher amount of CBD in this product.

  8. Rated 5 out of 5

    Wonderful there great

Add a review

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text:
Six Reasons to Consider Installing an Electronic Toilet

Electronic ToiletWho doesn’t want a remote control to work their toilet? Although we don’t have flying cars or hover-boards like Marty McFly experienced when visiting the future, in the iconic Back to the Future Parts II and III, we do have other really innovative technologies like the smart phone, robotic vacuum, and even a self-cleaning, remote control electronic toilet.

The newest bathroom luxury is designed to meet every modern day convenience anyone could ever want or need.  From energy efficiency to hygiene maintenance the benefits are clear:

Read More


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Indiana University astrobiologist hired by NASA to protect earth from aliens

BLOOMINGTON, Ind. – Last year we told you that NASA was hiring someone to be its real-life guardian of the planet. Well, they’ve filled the position, and we now have an Indiana University astrobiologist to rely on to protect us from aliens.

Lisa Pratt, Provost Professor in the IU Bloomington College of Arts and Sciences’ Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, has been named the planetary protection officer at NASA.

The position is responsible for the protection of Earth from potential contamination by extraterrestrial life forms, including potential microorganisms that could live in the ice or groundwater of Mars, as well as preventing accidental transportation of Earth’s microbes to other planets through exploratory probes — or the boots of astronauts.

Lisa Pratt, photo by Anna Powell Teeter

In other words, Pratt’s responsibilities include ensuring humans don’t contaminate space, and other organisms don’t contaminate Earth. So basically, she will need to stave off an alien invasion if necessary.

“I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to the mission of planetary protection at a defining moment in human evolution and the advancement of science,” said Pratt. “We are on the verge of becoming a spacefaring species, and I feel privileged to be invited into an extraordinary conversation, pushing the frontiers of science, exploration and discovery at NASA. This position plays a direct role in seeking evidence to address a profound question: Are we alone?”

Pratt has been a member of the IU faculty since 1987, where her research focuses on understanding how microorganisms adapt to extreme environments.

“If life does exist on Mars, which is a big ‘if,’ then we have a brief window of time remaining in which extraterrestrial life can be studied in near-isolation from terrestrial life,” she added.

Her position with NASA, at the agency’s headquarters in Washington, D.C., begins February 5. She will become a professor emerita at IU.

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March 1

Hackathon registration open

June 1

DevPost Hackathon platform open with resources for collaboration, team-building, and product development

August 15

Hackathon registration deadline

September 1

Friedman School faculty mentors announced for teams

October 4-5

Nutrition Data Summit 2018!

Collaborative spaces available daily

Nutrition Entrepreneurship instructors available for mentorship during office hours

October 6

Hackathon pitch competition and awards