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Mar. Drugs 2013, 11(3), 584-598; doi:10.3390/md11030584

Characterization of Palytoxin Binding to HaCaT Cells Using a Monoclonal Anti-Palytoxin Antibody

Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft Detrick, MD 21701, USA
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 18 December 2012 / Revised: 12 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 February 2013 / Published: 26 February 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Toxins)
View Full-Text   |   Download PDF [735 KB, uploaded 24 February 2015]   |

Palytoxin (PLTX) is the reference compound for a group of potent marine biotoxins, for which the molecular target is Na+/K+-ATPase. Indeed, ouabain (OUA), a potent blocker of the pump, is used to inhibit some PLTX effects in vitro. However, in an effort to explain incomplete inhibition of PLTX cytotoxicity, some studies suggest the possibility of two different binding sites on Na+/K+-ATPase. Hence, this study was performed to characterize PLTX binding to intact HaCaT keratinocytes and to investigate the ability of OUA to compete for this binding. PLTX binding to HaCaT cells was demonstrated by immunocytochemical analysis after 10 min exposure. An anti-PLTX monoclonal antibody-based ELISA showed that the binding was saturable and reversible, with a Kd of 3 × 10−10 M. However, kinetic experiments revealed that PLTX binding dissociation was incomplete, suggesting an additional, OUA-insensitive, PLTX binding site. Competitive experiments suggested that OUA acts as a negative allosteric modulator against high PLTX concentrations (0.3–1.0 × 10−7 M) and possibly as a non-competitive antagonist against low PLTX concentrations (0.1–3.0 × 10−9 M). Antagonism was supported by PLTX cytotoxicity inhibition at OUA concentrations that displaced PLTX binding (1 × 10−5 M). However, this inhibition was incomplete, supporting the existence of both OUA-sensitive and -insensitive PLTX binding sites.
Keywords: palytoxin; ouabain; binding; ELISA; HaCaT cells palytoxin; ouabain; binding; ELISA; HaCaT cells
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).

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Pelin, M.; Boscolo, S.; Poli, M.; Sosa, S.; Tubaro, A.; Florio, C. Characterization of Palytoxin Binding to HaCaT Cells Using a Monoclonal Anti-Palytoxin Antibody. Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 584-598.

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Middlesex pair win Croatia trip after teaming up with US students | Middlesex University London
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    Middlesex pair win Croatia trip after teaming up with US students

    Business School undergraduates to attend Summer Jam international entrepreneurship conference

    Summer Jam CroatiaTwo Middlesex University Business School students will be travelling to the Summer Jam 2015 international entrepreneurship conference in Croatia after winning the MDX+PSU Innovation Challenge, taking place as part of Global Entrepreneurship Week.

    Ogonna Amukamara and Elena Burykh, along with Penn State mechanical engineering students Matt Ciarrocca and Matthew Malencia, beat three other transatlantic teams with their proposal to help school girls in Ghana overcome personal health issues.

    The four teams taking part were asked to propose a solution to a problem within one of four categories – Green Technology, In the Home, Social Entrepreneurship, and Transportation – and create a short video outlining their ideas.

    Having identified that 96 per cent of girls in Ghana miss school while on their periods as a result of bullying – which leads to one in ten African girls dropping out of school altogether – the winning foursome set about creating a long-term, sustainable solution to the problem.

    Using Matt and Matthew's engineering expertise and drawing upon Ogonna and Elena's business acumen, they proposed to provide local communities with the resources, money and knowledge needed to construct low-cost machines to make effective, yet cheap sanitary pads. This would be supplemented by a curriculum to teach girls and boys about puberty and packaging tips promoting good hygiene practices and the importance of getting an education.

    Commenting on the winning idea, Senior Lecturer in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Dr Simon Best, who heads up the Enterprise Development Hub at Middlesex, said "The video was clear and captivating from the opening and the problem is a real and critical one that profoundly impacts on many young girls, depriving them of a fuller life.

    "Their solution is one that puts control into the girls' hands."

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Fag Hag Diary

Meet Carrie Bradshaw

The Fag Hag has been approached with an intriguing offer. Not, sadly, from a man waving a diamond butt plug and money in my direction but from an Australian magazine asking me to be their very own Carrie Bradshaw. What me? With my reputation? Writing about men and sex and dating the sordid contents of the Fag Hag inbox? Oh fuck it, go on then…

So, the Julie Burchill-esque photo taken in 1963 has been selected, the laptop has been opened, the coffee shop has been selected, the opening sentence of ‘I couldn’t help but wonder’ has been plagiarised, but what the dickens is a girl to write about?

I need you, my boys, with just one idea a month, you could keep Faggy’s column going for an entire year. Please give generously.

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3 comments to “Fag Hag Diary”

  1. How much are we getting paid for this joint effort?

    VA:F [1.9.22_1171]
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  2. You could talk about having nothing to write about.

    Oh look, You already did!

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  3. Oh Simon, time of the month?

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North Texas Volleyball's Carnae Dillard Awarded C-USA Offensive Player Of The Week

Junior Carnae Dillard #5
Sept. 2, 2014

IRVING - Junior outside hitter Carnae Dillard has earned the first Conference USA Offensive Player of the Week award of the 2014 season for her performance in the North Texas Invitational tournament this past weekend in Denton.

Dillard, who led the team in kills last season, kicked off this season right where she left off. In the season-opening five set victory over Northwestern State, she recorded a double-double with a 30 kill, 15 dig performance. Head coach Andrew Palileo opted to rest her in a game with an outmatched Mississippi Valley State opponent, to prepare her to face No. 15 Missouri later in the day. The strategy proved to pay off, as Dillard recorded yet another double-double with 29 kills and 12 digs. Both of the weekend kill tallies nearly eclipsed her career high of 31, set last season at Marshall.

"Carnae had a great all around weekend," Palileo said. "She was pivotal in our win against a very good Northwestern State team and definitely gave us the opportunity to win against Missouri."

Unfortunately, Dillard's efforts weren't enough to complete the upset over No. 15 Missouri, as the Mean Green fell short in a heartbreaking five set loss (25-17, 17-25, 29-31, 25-18, 12-15).

For her performance, she was named to the North Texas Invitational All-Tournament team by a vote of the coaching staffs. This is the junior's first Conference USA honor in her career.

"She has worked hard to become a complete player and this award is just the start for her," Palileo added.

Dillard currently leads the team in kills with 75 in 13 sets played, and looks to add to that total Friday afternoon (5 p.m.) in San Marcos when the Mean Green take on Wichita State in the Texas State Delta Zeta Classic.

For more on Carnae Dillard's Player of the Week award, visit the Conference USA's week one award release

North Texas Mean Green


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Cooling After Cardiac Arrest Can Wait a Bit

  • by
    Staff Writer, MedPage Today
  • This article is a collaboration between MedPage Today® and:

    Medpage Today

Action Points

  • Note that this study was published as an abstract and presented at a conference. These data and conclusions should be considered to be preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
  • In a retrospective review, initiation of therapeutic hypothermia within 2 hours of cardiac arrest showed no differences in patient clinical outcomes when compared to late initiation, but patients in whom hypothermia was initiated earlier had a decreased length of cardiac intensive care unit stay.

CHICAGO -- There's no difference in neurologic outcomes or survival as long as cardiac arrest patients are started on therapeutic hypothermia within 6 hours of being revived, researchers said here.

In a single-center study, those who were started on hypothermia within 2 hours had similar Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scores -- a measure of neurologic outcomes -- and similar survival to those whose bodies were cooled more than 2 hours after they'd been revived, according to Said Chaaban, MD, of Kansas University School Of Medicine in Wichita, and colleagues.

But those who were cooled sooner did have a significantly shorter length of stay in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU), Chaaban reported during a poster session at the CHEST meeting.

"It's just a retrospective review, but if these findings are true, it could mean a huge decrease in medical expenses and comorbidities," Chaaban told MedPage Today.

In therapeutic hypothermia, the body temperature is lowered as quickly as possible, usually via a balloon catheter and cold saline. That temperature is maintained for about 24 hours, followed by a re-warming period until the temperature is normalized.

Chaaban said a number of centers across the U.S. are adopting the procedure to improve outcomes among their out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, as more guidelines have started to confirm its utility.

Those guidelines also suggest that the protocol should be started within 6 hours of return of spontaneous circulation, but the exact timing is unclear.

So Chaaban and colleagues conducted a retrospective study of data from their hospital over a 2-year period to determine whether there were differences in outcomes if hypothermia was started within 2 hours of recovery, or after 2 hours.

Out of 49 patients, 35 started hypothermia more than 2 hours after arrest, and 14 started within 2 hours or less.

If patients did have hypothermia induced earlier, it tended to be done in the emergency department (P=0.0001), and this group also achieved a lower body temperature (31.97°C [89.5°F] versus 32.45°C [90.4°F], P=0.04).

Overall, they found no differences in CPC score -- as a measure of neurologic outcome -- or in mortality between these two groups.

However, those who were cooled earlier had a significantly shorter stay in the cardiac ICU (6.36 days versus 9.94 days, P=0.038), as well as a trend toward a shorter overall length of stay (7.72 days versus 13.95 days, P=0.079).

Chaaban said the findings suggest that a clinically meaningful neurologic recovery and survival can be achieved whether patients get therapeutic hypothermia "early" or "late" after cardiac arrest -- although he warned that the findings are only retrospective and provide an "idea for more clinical and prospective review."

But if indeed they are true, he said, the therapy has the potential to reduce morbidity associated with longer ICU and hospital stay, including infection and other complications.

The researchers reported no conflicts of interest.

  • Reviewed by Zalman S. Agus, MD Emeritus Professor, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Dorothy Caputo, MA, BSN, RN, Nurse Planner

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Have an eMaker night

Let's try to have two meetings a month for electronics projects. I know from talking to many of you that there's interest in everything from Raspberry Pis, Arduinos and robotics to Lilly Pads and wearable electronics. Let's see where these meetups take us. Were already doing the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays as open Maker nights, the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays can be specifically for electronics. See you at the Innovation Lab...

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UX Breakfast Club, Workshops and Other Fun Activities Message Board › Thank You || Gaia Dempsey, Brian Mullins, Brian Selzer and Matthew Szymczyk

Thank You || Gaia Dempsey, Brian Mullins, Brian Selzer and Matthew Szymczyk

Crystal Ehrlich, U...
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Palm Bay, FL
Hi Folks,

Saturday's gathering on Mobile Augmented Reality was amazing. We were so fortunate to have Gaia Dempsey from daqri, Brian Mullins from daqri, Brian Selzer from Ogmento and Matthew Szymczyk, from Zugara join us.

I got a lot of feedback about how valuable the discussions were and many folks are still sharing links that were discussed at the breakfast. When you have a chance, please thank our guest experts and Vitamin T, who makes this series possible.

If you haven't rated the event yet or posted any comments, please take a moment to do so.

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If you have an idea for a Meetup event - let me know.

Something good for socialising :)

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Mellow Mummy: JD Sports Kids and Infant Trainers Review : Taking life as it comes...

Monday, 21 October 2013

JD Sports Kids and Infant Trainers Review

I have felt a bit sorry for Holly when it comes to shoes - Lara wore her shoes for such short periods of time that they all became hand-me-downs for Holly to wear so we were very excited to be approached by JD Sports to review a pair of their infant trainers; It makes a change for Holly to have a pair of shoes all of her own!

The other thing I have really noticed as a second-time mummy is that I am a lot more mellow about measuring Holly's feet. With Lara, I used to rush to the shops strictly every 4 weeks to get her feet measured but with Holly it tends to be more of a gut feeling when she is ready for a new pair of shoes. This is probably bad of me because I know how delicate little bones are but it is partly a reflection of how much more in tune with tiny feet I am now than I was before.

I chose Holly these Nike Rift Infants Trainers because they looked like they would fit like a glove - and they do. These Nike trainers are quite unlike anything else I've seen. They have a firm toe area and sides but the foot is actually held in place across the top and back by a stretchy fabric which can stretch to exactly fit your child's foot. The end of these Nike infant trainers has a harder toe area to protect against scraping.

I am a big fan of easy-fasten shoes for children (buckles and laces seem so impractical at this age) and these Rift trainers have a Velcro-style fastening across the top and across the back to allow you to get them tightened up just right. At first I think I was making them a bit too tight for Holly's feet as I could see marks on her feet after she had taken them off. Now though, I'm finding them perfect because I can get them just right.

Holly is going through the stage of removing her shoes at EVERY opportunity.  I remember Lara going through this stage so I know it is short-lived but my goodness, it's frustrating!  When Holly isn't sitting down in her buggy or car seat she forgets about shoe removal and runs... she runs and runs.  Hours before writing this blog post I witnessed Holly run the full length of a superstore about 8 times while wearing her new Nike trainers and I struggled to keep up.  I've a funny feeling Holly may run for Britain when she is older.

The Nike Rift is available in this white and fuschia pink design or in white and grey - I think the design of shoe would suit a girl or a boy.  They are available in infant sizes 4.5 to 9.5 and cost £25.  This is cheaper than many of the trainers I nought on the high street for Lara when she is younger so I think JD sports offer very good value for the quality of their infant trainers.
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Perform string manipulation tasks on the client with the JavaScript String object

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Most Real Programmers treat JavaScript like the poor cousin from the country - useful in certain situations, but not very important. Real Programmers aren't interested in a language whose primary application seems to be swapping one image with another, or drawing mouse trails across a Web page. Real Programmers have better things to do.

Well, I've got news for all your Real Programmers out there - JavaScript may be a small, not-very-exciting programming language limited to the client side of a Web transaction, but that's not a reason to count it out. Sure, it may not have the features and functions of PHP or Perl, but it sill comes with some very powerful tools - tools that can come in handy when you're trying to make your application more efficient by transferring computational load from the server to the client.

In order to illustrate what I mean, I'm going to be taking an in-depth look at one of the more powerful modules in JavaScript: its string library. I'm going to introduce you to the wonders of string concatenation, string comparison, string search and replace operations, and string formatting...all without writing a single line of Perl code.

In addition to providing a gentle introduction to JavaScript programming in general, this article will give you a broad overview of JavaScript's string manipulation capabilities, serving as both a handy reference and a tool to help you write more efficient code. Regardless of whether you're an Apprentice or a Real Programmer, you should find something interesting in here.

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NCIS: 16 Years (CBS 3 Nov 2015 with Jessica Walter)

AIRDATE: Tuesday 3 November 2015 at 8.00pm on CBS

Season 13 Episode 7

The NCIS murder case of a retired Navy Lieutenant Commander forces Ducky to reveal his participation in a secret society that solves cold cases.

Jessica Walter guest stars as Judith McKnight and Richard Riehle guest stars as Walt Osorio, both members of the secret society.

Mark Harmon (NCIS Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs)
Michael Weatherly (NCIS Special Agent Anthony “Tony” DiNozzo)
Pauley Perrette (Abby Sciuto)
Sean Murray (NCIS Special Agent Timothy McGee)
Rocky Carroll (NCIS Director Leon Vance)
Brian Dietzen (Jimmy Palmer)
Emily Wickersham (Probationary NCIS Agent Eleanor “Ellie” Bishop)
David McCallum (Dr. Donald “Ducky” Mallard)

Jessica Walter (Judith McKnight)
Richard Riehle (Walt Osorio)
Chris Gartin (Jason Tupperman)
Todd Louiso (Lyle Waznicki)
Matthew John Armstrong (Navy Seaman Michael Hayes)
Nick Toren (Dwight’s Father)
Paul Mabon (Lucas’ Father)
Nate Scholz (Former Navy Seaman Todd Bennett)
Joe Pistone (Prison Guard)
Lauren Bray (Makaela Hayes)
Iris Almario (Natalie Tupperman)
Mataeo Mingo (Lucas)
Zeb Sanders (Dwight)
Jonathan Salisbury (Stephenson)

WRITTEN BY: Brendan Fehily
DIRECTED BY: Mark Horowitz


text:
McGwire Doesn't Deserve Hall of Fame

Frank Murtaugh says we ought to downsize the Big Mac.

Allow me to open this week's column with a sportswriter's confession of sorts. If there are two enterprises I take too seriously, they are St. Louis Cardinals baseball and the Baseball Hall of Fame. That said, I'm here to argue that when the Hall announces its newest class of inductees Tuesday, one Mark McGwire should not be on the invitation list.

How does a player who hit 583 home runs, broke a 37-year-old record, and reunited a nation behind its favorite pastime not qualify for his game's highest honor? For anyone in touch with baseball since McGwire's retirement after the 2001 season, the answer is as sharp as a hypodermic needle: steroids.

Before we send Big Mac to his corner, let's consider the context of this year's Hall of Fame selection. A pair of veritable baseball saints -- Tony Gwynn and Cal Ripken Jr. -- will likely break yet another record to cap their sensational careers: percentage of votes for induction. First-ballot election to the Hall of Fame is reserved for the absolute greatest among the game's greats: Ruth, Mays, Aaron, Koufax, Musial, Gibson, Seaver, Ryan. Look for Gwynn and Ripken, each one-team wonders for two decades in the big leagues, to garner close to the 90-percent support enjoyed by Tom Seaver, Nolan Ryan, and Ozzie Smith. The Hall of Fame was created to honor the likes of these two. It will be a richer place once their plaques are hung.

Then there's McGwire. If this were still 1998 (or 1999 for that matter), the argument could be made that Gwynn/Ripken/McGwire would make the greatest Hall class since the first five members were inducted in 1936 (those five were named Ruth, Cobb, Wagner, Mathewson, and Johnson). But this is 2007, almost two years removed from the now infamous St. Patrick's Day testimony before Congress by McGwire, Sammy Sosa, Rafael Palmeiro, and Curt Schilling.

McGwire's insistence on not being here "to talk about the past" is trumped in baseball's sorry steroid chapter only by Palmeiro's vehement, finger-pointing denial of having ever -- EVER -- used performance-enhancing drugs. (If you think McGwire's candidacy for Cooperstown is somewhat cloudy, wait until the caught-red-handed Palmeiro's name comes up in 2011.)

Whatever Big Mac used to enhance his powerful swing during his rise to baseball's zenith of popularity was, by letter of the game's law at the time, legal. Within weeks of breaking Roger Maris' single-season home run record on September 8, 1998, McGwire was discovered to have been taking androstenedione, a testosterone booster he freely admitted to including in his workout regimen. It was not, at the time, a banned substance. So why all the fuss?

Almost a decade later, we fans now realize part of the fuss was inspiring the likes of Barry Bonds to consider various boosters himself (at least if one is inclined to believe the overwhelming evidence revealed last spring through the reporting of Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams). Merely three years after McGwire seemed to have put the home run record out of reach at
70, Bonds clouted 73. The steroid era had reached a new depth just as an achievement of unprecedented heights had captured headlines across the globe. And forgive me for following Palmeiro's lead, but I'm pointing a finger at Mark McGwire.

The saddest part of this fall from grace is knowing how different it might have been. Had McGwire chosen to fall on his sword (bat?) and admit to having used steroids during that testimony in Washington, he may have actually added to his inflated aura of heroism. The misguided professional athlete, choosing glory against his better judgment, now fallen but willing to help pick up both his sport and its nation of fans. That, dear reader, would have been worthy of Cooperstown.

The likelihood is that McGwire will wind up in the Baseball Hall of Fame ... someday. (The hope here is that his plaque features an Oakland A's cap.) Ty Cobb, remember, was loathed by his contemporaries, including the baseball writers who elected him to the Hall. Unlike Pete Rose, McGwire was never caught breaking a rule as established by the game's powers that be.

But he broke a trust. McGwire was the slugger behind a curtain, we fans gasping at his otherworldly achievements, only to finally gain a glimpse of the truth after he had last stepped into the batter's box. You decide for yourself whether McGwire belongs enshrined with the likes of Mantle, Gehrig, and Foxx. At the very least, he should spend a few years pondering the question himself.

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Find information on medical topics, symptoms, drugs, procedures, news and more, written for the health care professional.

* This is the Professional Version. *

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

By Steven K. Herrine, MD

Click here for
Patient Education

Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) usually occurs in patients with cirrhosis and is common in areas where infection with hepatitis B and C viruses is prevalent. Symptoms and signs are usually nonspecific. Diagnosis is based on alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, imaging tests, and sometimes liver biopsy. Screening with periodic AFP measurement and ultrasonography is sometimes recommended for high-risk patients. Prognosis is poor when cancer is advanced, but for small tumors that are confined to the liver, ablative therapies are palliative and surgical resection or liver transplantation is sometimes curative.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer, with an estimated 23,000 new cases and about 14,000 deaths expected in 2012 in the US. However, it is more common outside the US, particularly in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where the incidence generally parallels geographic prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (1).

Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually a complication of cirrhosis.

The presence of HBV increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by > 100-fold among HBV carriers. Incorporation of HBV-DNA into the host’s genome may initiate malignant transformation, even in the absence of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Other disorders that cause hepatocellular carcinoma include cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hemochromatosis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis due to other conditions are also at increased risk.

Environmental carcinogens may play a role; eg, ingestion of food contaminated with fungal aflatoxins is believed to contribute to the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in subtropical regions.

Symptoms and Signs

Most commonly, previously stable patients with cirrhosis present with abdominal pain, weight loss, right upper quadrant mass, and unexplained deterioration. Fever may occur. In a few patients, the first manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma is bloody ascites, shock, or peritonitis, caused by hemorrhage of the tumor. Occasionally, a hepatic friction rub or bruit develops.

Occasionally, systemic metabolic complications, including hypoglycemia, erythrocytosis, hypercalcemia, and hyperlipidemia, occur. These complications may manifest clinically.

  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement

  • Imaging (CT, ultrasonography, or MRI)

Clinicians suspect hepatocellular carcinoma if

  • They feel an enlarged liver.

  • Unexplained decompensation of chronic liver disease develops.

  • An imaging test detects a mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen during an examination done for other reasons, especially if patients have cirrhosis.

However, screening programs enable clinicians to detect many hepatocellular carcinomas before symptoms develop.

Diagnosis is based on AFP measurement and an imaging test. In adults, AFP signifies dedifferentiation of hepatocytes, which most often indicates hepatocellular carcinoma; 40 to 65% of patients with the cancer have high AFP levels (> 400 μg/L). High levels are otherwise rare, except in teratocarcinoma of the testis, a much less common tumor. Lower values are less specific and can occur with hepatocellular regeneration (eg, in hepatitis). Other blood tests, such as AFP-L3 (an AFP isoform) and des-gamma–carboxyprothrombin, are being studied as markers to be used for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Depending on local preferences and capabilities, the first imaging test may be contrast-enhanced CT, ultrasonography, or MRI. Hepatic arteriography is occasionally helpful in equivocal cases and can be used to outline the vascular anatomy when ablation or surgery is planned.

If imaging shows characteristic findings and AFP is elevated, the diagnosis is clear. Liver biopsy, often guided by ultrasonography or CT, is sometimes indicated for definitive diagnosis.

If a hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed, evaluation usually includes chest CT without contrast, imaging of the portal vein (if not already done) by MRI or CT with contrast to exclude thrombosis, and sometimes bone scanning.

Various systems can be used to stage hepatocellular carcinoma; none is universally used. One system is the TNM system, based on the following (see Table: Staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma*):

  • T: How many primary tumors, how big they are, and whether the cancer has spread to adjacent organs

  • N: Whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes

  • M: Whether the cancer has metastasized to other organs of the body

Numbers (0 to 4) are added after T, N, and M to indicate increasing severity.

Staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma*

T1, N0, M0

Single tumor (any size) with no invasion of blood vessels

T2, N0, M0

Single tumor (any size) with invasion of blood vessels

Several tumors that are all < 5 cm

T3a, N0, M0

Several tumors with at least one > 5 cm

T3b, N0, M0

One or more tumors of any size with invasion of a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein

T4, N0, M0

Tumor or tumors of any size with invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of the visceral peritoneum

Any T, N1, M0

Tumor or tumors of any size with spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes

Any T, Any N, M1

Tumor or tumors of any size with distant metastasis

*Adapted from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC): AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, ed. 7. New York, Springer, 2010.

Other scoring systems include the Okuda and the Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging systems. In addition to tumor size, local extension, and metastases, these systems incorporate information about the severity of liver disease.

The TNM system may predict prognosis better than other systems for patients who are having tumor resection (and possibly transplantation), whereas the Barcelona system may predict prognosis better for patients who are not having surgery (for more information, see Staging systems in hepatocellular carcinoma ).

An increasing number of hepatocellular carcinomas are being detected through screening programs. Screening patients with cirrhosis is reasonable, although this measure is controversial and has not been shown to reduce mortality. One common screening method is ultrasonography every 6 or 12 mo. Many experts advise screening patients with long-standing hepatitis B even when cirrhosis is absent.

  • Transplantation if tumors are small and few

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma depends on its stage (1).

For single tumors < 5 cm or 3 tumors that are all 3 cm and that are limited to the liver, liver transplantation results in as good a prognosis as liver transplantation done for noncancerous disorders. Alternatively, surgical resection may be done; however, the cancer usually recurs.

Ablative treatments (eg, hepatic arterial chemoembolization, yttrium-90 microsphere embolization [selective internal radiation therapy, or SIRT], drug-eluting bead transarterial embolization, radiofrequency ablation) provide palliation and slow tumor growth; they are used when patients are awaiting liver transplantation.

If the tumor is large (> 5 cm), is multifocal, has invaded the portal vein, or is metastatic (ie, stage III or higher), prognosis is much less favorable (eg, 5-yr survival rates of about 5% or less). Radiation therapy is usually ineffective. Sorafenib appears to improve outcomes.

Treatment reference

  • Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-based diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 50(4):835-853, 2016. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.041.

Use of vaccine against HBV eventually decreases the incidence, especially in endemic areas. Preventing the development of cirrhosis of any cause (eg, via treatment of chronic hepatitis C, early detection of hemochromatosis, or management of alcoholism) can also have a significant effect.

Key Points

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually a complication of cirrhosis and is most common in parts of the world where hepatitis B is prevalent.

  • Consider the diagnosis if physical examination or an imaging test detects an enlarged liver or if chronic liver disease worsens unexpectedly.

  • Diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma based on the AFP level and liver imaging results, and stage it using chest CT without contrast, portal vein imaging, and sometimes bone scanning.

  • Consider liver transplantation if tumors are small and few.

  • Prevention involves use of the hepatitis B vaccine and management of disorders that can cause cirrhosis.

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text:
The A’s lineup heading into spring training pivoted around one person — first baseman Daric Barton.

If he made the team, the lineup would structure one way. If he didn’t make the team, it would structure quite another.

Barton has had a nice spring offensively. Heading into Monday’s game in Surprise against the Rangers, he carried a .298 batting average, but with no extra-base hits. He also had nine walks and had been hit by a pitch, leading to a .486 on-base percentage, which is something the A’s value highly.

So heading into Monday’s season opener, unless the A’s pull off an unexpected switch, you can figure on Barton being at first base with last year’s first baseman, Brandon Moss, serving as the DH. (Both men are likely to be on the bench when left-handed pitchers start).

If Barton hadn’t made the team, the DH would have been catcher John Jaso, also left-handed, with Stephen Vogt and Derek Norris sharing the catching. There are those in the A’s organization who see having three catchers as a possibility at some point later this season, but not now.

This level of success is a major about-face for Barton, who was repeatedly designated for assignment last year when it seemed his career in Oakland had been played out. But injuries in the outfield and behind the plate led to Moss moving to the outfield for a while and Jaso missing the last two months, and Barton thrived.

Called up for the final week of August, Barton hit .301 the rest of the way while posting a .381 on-base percentage. He’s always been more of an on-base machine than a run producer, but over those 29 games he actually had more RBIs (13) than walks (12).

The knock on him in the past was that he was too passive at the plate, too willing to wait for walks and not going to the plate with the idea of driving in runs, but he showed new aggression last September. It’s carried over to this year.

“I came here this spring to have fun, and I’ve done that,” Barton said. “I’m more aggressive now. When they throw a strike, I’m swinging.”

For more on the A’s, see John Hickey’s Inside the A’s blog at Follow him on Twitter at

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Pedersons attend conference

December 8, 2013
Messenger News

Steve Pederson and Brian Pederson with Blue Ribbon Pelham Water, attended the IBWA annual business conference in Nashville, Tenn., where they participated in several educational sessions. The conference also covered coffee and tea products and services.

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Parman, T, et al., Toxicogenomics and Metabolomics of Pentamethylchromanol (Pmcol)-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Sci, 2011. 124(2): 487-501.

Metabolon results led to:
- Mechanism of compound derived hepatotoxicity
- A demonstration that metabolomics essentially serves as a noise reduction tool for toxicogenomics, prioritizing significant gene changes into a cohesive model

Key metabolomic observations:
- Depletion of total glutathione with compensatory effects on methionine and cysteine metabolism
- Depletion of the ophthalmate

Vitamin E has been widely investigated as a chemopreventative agent in several types of cancers. A vitamin E derivative (PMCol) has been shown to have antiandrogenic activity in prostate carcinoma cells but also hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and anemia in toxicity studies. Thus, investigators at SRI international used a toxicogenomic and metabolomic approach to understand the molecular basis of toxicological PMCol. The results revealed profound depletion of glutathione echoed by strong changes in pathways related to glutathione biosynthesis (cysteine and methionine metabolism and the trans-sulfuration pathway). A key clue to the source of the glutathione depletion came with the observation that a barometer for glutathione biosynthetic capacity, ophthalmate, was also depleted. This observation implicates PMCol in directly inhibiting glutathione biosynthesis. Importantly, by overlaying metabolomics onto gene expression data, a model for PMCol toxicology was produced that would not have been produced with gene expression data alone, suggesting that metabolomics would be an ideal companion for toxicology investigations.

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It's "not poor, it’s not on a point, it’s nowhere near New Orleans..."
June 23, 2014 12:57 PM   Subscribe

On Sunday, Poverty Point, LA, was granted World Heritage recognition by UNESCO's (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Committee.

Poverty Point is the name of a vast, subtle ruin on the bank of today’s Bayou Macon, a tributary of the Mississippi in northeastern Louisiana, partway between Monroe, and Vicksburg MS. Turn north off I-20 and you can be there in about half an hour. Its awkward name comes from that of a plantation that once occupied the area. The site is the largest known complex built that long ago by hunter-gatherers in North America, maybe even in the world. What amazes archaeologists is that hunter-gatherers aren’t supposed to build city-like complexes. Normally, it takes more developed agricultural cultures to do that...

From the Louisiana Department of Cultural Development: "What is special about the Poverty Point site?
  • The earthworks are massive: 5 mounds and 6 C-shaped ridges surround a huge plaza.
  • The geometric design is unique in the world and is a masterpiece of engineering.
  • The site is 3,400 years old.
  • At the time the earthworks were constructed, they were the largest in North America.
  • The site was the major political, trading, and ceremonial center of its day in North America.
  • The people who built and lived at the site did not raise crops.

    The state hopes the World Heritage designation will encourage tourism.
  • posted by msbubbaclees (20 comments total) 17 users marked this as a favorite

    Whereas I hope that this won't lead to vandalism to the site from chuckleheads concerned about "UN World Government" takeover.

    But really -- cool, and thanks for bringing this to our attention. I'd never heard of this site before.
    posted by Nerd of the North at 1:06 PM on June 23, 2014

    Reminds me of Cahokia, which I had managed to not learn about either. Pauketat's book probably contains more conjecture than some folks like, but it's a good starting point.
    posted by benito.strauss at 1:14 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    From the first link:
    The Poverty Point occupants vanished long before the rise of the Native American cultures we know today. The mounds survived, if diminished, but erosion wore the ridges down to a foot or two (top photo). The plantation workers actually farmed over them, the plowmen probably cursing the oddly lumpy ground they had to tame. Eventually the plantation closed; trees grew. Except for the mounds, the extent of the ruin was literally too big to see from the ground, and well-disguised even from the air.

    When the Army Corps of Engineers made a routine aerial photography sweep in 1938, nothing was noticed. The photos went into the files. In 1952 archaeologist James Ford reviewed those photographs and saw the pattern of the semicircles.
    Fascinating, but Wikipedia includes references of prior investigations to the area, though it wasn't until James A. Ford and Robert Neitzel that there was lengthy study and publication on the site.
    posted by filthy light thief at 1:15 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    Cahokia, or Carcosa?
    posted by Apocryphon at 1:16 PM on June 23, 2014 [2 favorites]

    Post-hole remnants show that circular structures also stood there, “woodhenges” of unknown purpose.

    Wow, Laurie Anderson was right (again). Let X = X.

    The state hopes the World Heritage designation will encourage tourism.

    Last year, I spent about three weeks on Socotra, another UNESCO World Heritage site. And one of the recurring themes I heard from locals there (including some who had worked with the U.N. on their preservation efforts) was that the World Heritage designation was actually something of a curse. They felt that the U.N. was very much interested in preserving the plant life and forestry on Socotra, but didn't care a whit about the actual culture of Socotra, i.e., the unwritten language (Soqotri) and folk traditions that were rapidly disappearing under Yemen's rule. They also felt that the increased tourism and footprint resulting from the UNESCO designation was actually having a deleterious effect on the landscape. Yemeni business owners in Hadiboh (the archipelago's largest city) were also encouraged, through the flow of tourists, to modernize and make the main island more Western-adaptive than it currently is. The Socotri are only now beginning to get into the game as tour guides, but almost all the other businesses in Hadiboh are Yemeni-owned, so the money they make doesn't even necessarily increase the quality of living for native Socotri. It was an eye-opening perspective for me on how these ostensibly valuable preservative designations can actually conflict directly with (or, in the worst case, threaten) the populations who call these places home.
    posted by mykescipark at 1:17 PM on June 23, 2014 [5 favorites]

    They also felt that the increased tourism resulting from the UNESCO designation was actually having a deleterious effect on the landscape

    That would be my concern for locations that are not currently inhabited, like Poverty Point. More tourists means more facilities to support the tourists (roads, bathrooms, places to buy food, general use items and mementos, etc).
    posted by filthy light thief at 1:22 PM on June 23, 2014

    Here's the complete list of sites added in this round, pushing the total to 1001.

    (and here are all US sites)
    posted by effbot at 1:23 PM on June 23, 2014

    Isn't there a line of conjecture that herding/aquaculture/horticulture was used in place of large scale agriculture at places like PP?
    posted by The Whelk at 1:25 PM on June 23, 2014

    Sorry, meant to include a link to the LA Department of Cultural Development page where the bullets in the post came from. The bottom of that page has several additional links for more information.
    posted by msbubbaclees at 1:27 PM on June 23, 2014

    from the Cahokia Wikipedia article:
    One of the major problems that large centers like Cahokia faced was keeping a steady supply of food, and waste disposal was also an issue, which made Cahokia an unhealthy place. Because it was such an unhealthy place to live, the town had to rely on social and political attractions to bring in a steady supply of new immigrants; otherwise the town's death rate would have caused it to be abandoned earlier.[13]
    posted by Bwithh at 1:40 PM on June 23, 2014

    They also felt that the increased tourism and footprint resulting from the UNESCO designation was actually having a deleterious effect on the landscape.

    UNESCO doesn't seem to be that impressed; if I'm reading things correctly, they've recalled the original decision from 2008, and have given Yemen until 1 February 2015 to show that they're actually going to do something more than just building roads all over the main island (apparently it has the "highest per capita road allocations in the region and possibly the world").

    The recommendations include "empowering local communities to acquire a leading role in managing their natural heritage" and "establish a monitoring system to ensure tourism sustainability and its minimal impact on the natural heritage and associated cultural values" and a bunch of other things.

    I'm not enough up to date on local politics to tell if this will have any effect, but at least UNESCO doesn't just slap a label on something and leave it to the member state to do whatever they want with it.
    posted by effbot at 2:19 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    Cahokia and Poverty Point, two places I only learned about by conquering them in Civ IV.

    This is very cool news, though. Anything that helps get the point across that there were some amazing and complex civilizations here well before Europeans turned up is a good thing.
    posted by davros42 at 3:16 PM on June 23, 2014

    That 1938 aerial is really striking. I wonder if the people living there had noticed the pattern at all?
    posted by Dip Flash at 3:16 PM on June 23, 2014

    A cool recent finding about Poverty Point is that the majority of it may have been constructed in as little as a single 30-90 day span, involving a concentrated 270,000 person-hours of labour - this is based on a very fine-grained geoarchaeological study of the sediments.

    Together with Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, Poverty point is something of a paradigm-breaker in archaeology since the associated societies "aren't supposed" to have enough "social complexity" (whatever that is) to invest in such substantial monumentality.
    posted by Rumple at 3:38 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    constructed in as little as a single 30-90 day span, involving a concentrated 270,000 person-hours of labour

    Going with 90 days and ten hours a day, that's only 300 people, a lot less than I would have guessed. Even at thirty days it's only 900 people, hardly unimaginable.
    posted by Dip Flash at 3:44 PM on June 23, 2014

    There must be a zero missing from the hours, because the article uses 3000 - 9000 as the number of workers.
    posted by Dip Flash at 3:47 PM on June 23, 2014

    30 * 900 = 27,000, not 270,000.
    posted by Rumple at 3:48 PM on June 23, 2014

    Also, hopefully the academics are smarter than this and it's just sloppy reporting, but e casual sexism of sentences like this really bug me:

    Assuming that each worker may have been accompanied by at least two other family members, say a wife and a child,

    Has the writer never seen photos of the long lines of Indian women with baskets of dirt on their heads building levees and roads? It's not just men who move dirt.

    30 * 900 = 27,000, not 270,000.

    Times ten hours/day, no?
    posted by Dip Flash at 3:52 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    Oh, yeah. Probably I made the same mistake they did in the news summary then..... well, here is the relevant table from the PDF (Geoarchaeology) journal. The authors' estimate 91,700 person days, at 5 hours/day (based on an experimental study from the 1960s on mound building).

    (I only skimmed the article, if anyone wants it then memail me).
    posted by Rumple at 4:05 PM on June 23, 2014 [1 favorite]

    Poverty Point, I am sorry to say, is the most complete disappointment I have ever seen.

    You can barely tell anything is there, and the one visible and extant mound might as well be from roadside construction.
    posted by atchafalaya at 5:53 PM on June 23, 2014

    « Older Airbnb's hidden impact on San Francisco   |   "Gotta keep the chickens fed," Newer »

    This thread has been archived and is closed to new comments


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Versuri Nirvana - Milk It

Album: Nirvana - In Utero

I am my own parasite
I don't need a host to live
We feed off of each other
We can share our endorphins
Doll steak, test meat
I own my own pet virus
I get to pet and name her
Her milk is my s**t
My s**t is her milk
Doll steak, test meat
Look on the bright side is suicide
Lost eyesight I'm on your side
Angel left wing, right wing, broken wing
Lack of iron, and/or sleeping
Protector of the kennel
Obituary birthday
Your scent is still here in my place of recovery
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"some music was meant to stay underground..."

Dragonforce logo

Dragonforce Photo

Band Photo: Dragonforce (?)

Formed: 1999
From: London, United Kingdom
Last Known Status: Active

The band is powered by the twin guitar assaults of Herman Li and Sam Totman, vocalist ZP Theart, keyboard player Vadim Pruzhanov, bassist Adrian Lambert, and drummer David Mackintosh. A standard line-up for a rock band it may at first appear but DragonForce features a uniquely diverse, multi-cultural line-up (Hong Kong, UK, New Zealand, South Africa, Ukraine).

Early DragonForce can best be described as a mix of modern melodic power metal with the fury of speed metal, since than, the band’s style has evolved into a even more distinctive sound of their own. By combining all their favorite aspects of different rock and metal styles they like, ranging from – classic/power/thrash/speed/death/progressive metal/hard rock and video games music, played with a high octane energy, DragonForce’s sound maybe best described as ‘Extreme Power Metal’.

The catchy and instantly memorable melodies that stand shoulder-to-shoulder with some outrageous speed, power, complex twin guitar wizardry and extreme metal drumming are just some of the qualities that separate this band from the masses. This sonic fury in no way hides the bands greatest strength - their songwriting ability.

The band started off with a self produced demo which attracted over half a million (500 000) downloads from 1 internet site alone. DragonForce had already toured with the likes of Halford, Stratovarius and Virgin Steele as well as headlining their own shows across England without having an album out. After the release of their debut album, Valley Of The Damned, the band was invited for their first tour of South East Asia, headlining their own shows in Thailand, opening for Helloween on their Japanese tour, and performing to an invited audience in Taiwan.

Below is a summary of Dragonforce coverage and information on Metal Underground.com.


text:
A tipster over at Gawker sent in a video that appears to show a Midtown Panera employee being hit by her manager.

At around the seven-second mark you can hear the woman slap the man, and at 12 seconds you see him hit her and she falls to the ground. Immediately a slew of Panera workers crowd around the heated manager in order to separate him from the employee.

The description under the video posted by user Midgarrr says, “Panera employee quit mid shift, just wasn't having it today. Threw some bag of chips on the floor, yelled, etc NBD. Manager in white shirt basically threw her out the door, she came back, and then.....this”

Upon hearing about the incident, Panera responded with the following statement.

"We have a zero tolerance policy for violence and worked swiftly with authorities to investigate," a spokeswoman said in the statement. “The associates who were determined to be involved no longer work for Panera."


text:
PARIS (Reuters) - France will launch a public guarantee system to enable farmers facing a sharp fall in revenue to boost their cash position or refinance their debt at favorable rates, Prime Minister Manuel Valls said on Tuesday.

French livestock, dairy and grain farmers have all faced weak prices in the past year, with grain growers also hit by a slump in output this season due to poor spring weather which led to the lowest yields in over 30 years in some crops.

"In light of this (crisis), we need a mobilisation of all actors concerned," Valls told reporters.

The state will guarantee, through public bank Bpifrance, half of farmers' new loans or refinanced ones. The aim is to generate up to 1.5 billion euros ($1.7 billion) of credit to improve rolling funds and cut reimbursement costs.

For those whose gross operating profit is forecast to fall in 2016 by at least 20 percent compared to the average of the past five years, excluding the best and the worst, it will fund the entire public guarantee cost, officials said.

Between 50,000 and 80,000 farmers could benefit from this measure, they said.

"The whole purpose of the state guarantee is to allow everyone to access low rates and favourable refinancing," Agriculture Minister Stephane Le Foll told reporters.

The new fund will be built up gradually, according to actual needs, and the extent of state's financial involvement is thus yet to be determined, officials said.

Xavier Beulin, head of France's largest farm union FNSEA, welcomed the plan.

"It's finally the recognition of a major crisis in the French agriculture," he told reporters.

"We have been facing an economic crisis for two years and this year we also have a weather crisis never seen probably since the post-war," he added, pegging losses for the sector at between 4 and 5 billion euros this year.

The government had already put forward a set of "initial emergency measures" for grain farmers in late July so that they could start their sowings before the new harvest, including tax rebates and speeding up repayment of value added tax (VAT).

Most of these measures were extended in the latest plan.

France also unblocked nearly 50 million euros for livestock farmers as part of a wider EU plan and slowed down its plan to transfer EU subsidies from large grain farms to smaller livestock ones.

($1 = 0.8953 euros)

(Reporting by Jean-Baptiste Vey; writing by Sybille de La Hamaide; editing by Adrian Croft)


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McInnis & Holloway
Funeral Homes

McInnis & Holloway Funeral Homes
“The opportunity to serve” is the highest compliment
McInnis & Holloway could receive.
Call (403) 243-8200 or 1-800-661-1599

Girardi, Maria Grazia

Maria Grazia Girardi of Calgary, passed away on Sunday, May 7, 2006 at the age of 100 years.

Maria is survived by her two daughters, Giovanna Galasso and Antonia Serpico; and six grandchildren, Josie Casale, Joe Galasso, Silvanna Casale, Carlo Galasso, Maria Serpico, and Marriano Serpico; nine great-grandchildren; and two great great-grandchildren. She was predeceased by her husband Giuseppe.

Those wishing to pay their respects may do so at McINNIS & HOLLOWAY’S Park Memorial Chapel (5008 Elbow Drive S.W.) on Wednesday, May 10, 2006 from 7:00 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. Funeral Mass will be celebrated at St. Anne’s Parish (910 – 21st Avenue S.E.) on Thursday, May 11, 2006 at 10:00 a.m. with the Rev. Lawrence Bagnall Presider. Forward condolences through

In living memory of Maria Girardi, a tree will be planted at Fish Creek Provincial Park by McINNIS & HOLLOWAY FUNERAL HOMES Park Memorial Chapel, 5008 ELBOW DRIVE S.W. Telephone: (403) 243-8200.

Offer Condolence for the family of Girardi, Maria Grazia

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text:
Trayvon Martin's Death Shows Justice Is Not Equal

Luther Campbell, the man whose booty-shaking madness made the U.S. Supreme Court stand up for free speech, gets as nasty as he wants to be for Miami New Times. This week, Luke is tired of marching and rallying for justice.

Last week, thousands of people, led by

Rev. Al Sharpton, held a rally in Sanford, Florida, to protest the fact

police have still not arrested neighborhood vigilante George

Zimmerman for killing Miami Gardens teen Trayvon Martin in cold

blood. That followed rallies in New York and Miami, as well as kids from Miami Carol City High, Central High, Michael Krop High, and Miami Northwestern High walking out of school in protest.

I don't know about you, but I am tired of holding rallies and marches to get justice every time an innocent African-American is murdered over the color of his skin. The saddest part about Trayvon's death is that we still have a lot of Anglos believing we don't have serious racial problems in this country.

What happened to Trayvon is no different from the days when the Ku Klux Klan would go around dragging black folks from their homes and lynching them. But when you point out the injustice, people who are not black are quick to accuse us of playing the race card. It's wrong.

As I watch these rallies and marches play out, I can't help but wonder why there aren't more white people joining in calling for Zimmerman's arrest. I remember there were a lot of white faces organizing protests when Michael Vick was accused of fighting dogs. Now you have an innocent black kid get murdered like a dog, yet you only see mostly African-Americans showing up to protest. There are very few prominent Anglos and Hispanics voicing any outrage.

I want to see Tea Party golden boy and U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio taking the floor of Congress to condemn the assassination of a 17-year-old African-American. But I know it won't happen.

When we talk about disenfranchising African-Americans and the law being applied differently if you were a white person, Anglos try to turn around and call us racist. But the black man is right when he says it needs to stop. Seeking justice for these innocent individuals is not racist.

Until some white people acknowledge we still have serious race issues and stop calling out African-Americans for playing the race card for telling the truth, we will never be treated equally in the United States of America.

Follow Luke on Twitter @unclelukereal1.

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Governor authorizes Detroit bankruptcy filing, describes it as only viable option to help residents and restore city; Tough step will revive city buried in $18 billion debt and unfunded liabilities

Thursday, July 18, 2013

DETROIT - Gov. Rick Snyder today authorized Detroit's emergency manager to seek federal bankruptcy protection for the city, saying it was the only viable option to provide the 700,000 people of Detroit with the public services they need and to restore the city.

"The fiscal realities confronting Detroit have been ignored for too long. I'm making this tough decision so the people of Detroit will have the basic services they deserve and so we can start to put Detroit on a solid financial footing that will allow it to grow and prosper in the future," the governor said.  "This is a difficult step, but the only viable option to address a problem that has been six decades in the making."

Snyder's decision allowed Detroit Emergency Manager Kevyn Orr to make a filing under Chapter 9 of the federal bankruptcy law. Orr filed for Chapter 9 protection today shortly after receiving authorization from the governor.  Chapter 9 protects financially distressed municipalities from creditors while their debts are resolved under the direction of a bankruptcy judge.

Detroit has more than $18 billion in debt and unfunded liabilities and doesn't have the revenues to meet those obligations and provide an adequate level of services to its people, who pay the highest taxes per capita in Michigan.  The city's debt level is unsustainable. Currently, 38 cents of every city dollar goes toward debt repayment, legacy costs and other obligations. By 2017 that figure is expected to reach 65 cents per dollar.

"The simple fact is Detroit is in a financial crisis.  The city is insolvent and has been borrowing money to pay its bills for nearly a decade. Bankruptcy is the only feasible option to fix the city's finances and do what is right for the 700,000 people of Detroit," Snyder said.

The governor noted Orr's restructuring plan for the city calls for investing $1.25 billion over 10 years in core services, primarily police and fire protection, trash pickup and street lighting.

"Fixing the city's finances will allow for investments in key areas that will improve the quality of life for Detroiters and encourage growth and investment in the city," Snyder said.

"We want to create an environment that attracts more families, young professionals and job providers to Detroit. That will be a win for Detroit and a win for Michigan. Michigan is the comeback state and we need our state's largest city to be healthy and strong to keep the comeback going strong."

The governor and Orr will hold a news conference at 10 a.m. Friday to discuss the Chapter 9 bankruptcy filing for Detroit.  The news conference will take place at the DPTV studios, which are located at 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit 48202.  The news conference also will be live streamed and may be accessed by going to:

Related Documents
Detroit EM Kevyn Orr Chapter 9 Recommendation PDF icon
Governor Snyder Chapter 9 Authorization PDF icon


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Baymont Inn & Suites - Detroit/Warren

Hometown hospitality begins here! Whether you're here on business or leisure you'll enjoy the many extras. Complimentary amenities include Hot breakfast daily, indoor pool, whirlpool, WIFI, Business Center and fitness room.

Baymont Inn & Suites

Contact Information

7447 Convention Blvd.

Warren, MI 48092

Driving Directions

Reservations: (586) 977-7270

Toll Free: (877) 229-6668

Phone: (586) 977-7270

Fax: (586) 977-3889

Location of Baymont Inn & Suites - Detroit/Warren

Map of Michigan


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1:144 Queen Anne Scale Fireplace

Dressing the 1:144 Scale Queen Anne is going to take some time.

I recently spent several hours on the fireplace. The largest portion of my time went into designing the tile — it had to print as an actual design, not a brown blob. I started with creating a fabulously intricate Moroccan-flavored tile. Printed at such a tiny scale, the details all melted together to create a solid brown tile. The final graphic is a much simplified and brightened design.

Doesn’t look right, does it? But it prints well.

For the fireplace construction, I was greatly inspired by Anna Carin’s fireplace tutorial. Because I wanted a natural wood finish, I used wood where Anna Carin used cardstock, but the build method is pretty much identical.

And just for fun…

1 comment for “1:144 Queen Anne Scale Fireplace

  1. Carolyn
    June 14, 2012 at 10:49 pm

    Once again the detail on that micro tiny piece is amazing! Thanks for sharing.

Comments are closed.


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Case registered against 48-yr-old for raping daughter-in-law

Uttar Pradesh: A case has been registered against a 48-year-old man for allegedly raping her daughter-in-law, following which she became pregnant.

In her complaint, the 26-year-old woman has alleged that she was raped and threatened by her father-in-law, identified as Sajid, in July 2013.

The incident came to light when the woman, who is seven months pregnant, sought permission on Thursday from District Magistrate Kaushal Raj Sharma for abortion at Chapar village here.

A case has been registered against Sajid and mother-in-law Naeema under section 376 (rape), 506 (criminal intimidation), and 120b (criminal conspiracy) of the Indian Penal Code, SP
city Sarvankumar said, adding, the woman's statement in this connection will be recorded in the court tomorrow.

The District Magistrate has ordered an inquiry and referred the case to the chief medical officer for taking necessary steps.

The woman has been sent for medical examination, Sarvankumar said.

Meanwhile, Sajid and Naeema have denied the allegations and said that the woman has falsely implicated them because of a property dispute.

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French Open: Czech Petra Kvitova suffers scare on Day One

Paris: World No12 Petra Kvitova kicked off Day One action at the French Open narrowly avoiding an upset against Danka Kovinic 6-2, 4-6, 7-5 to reach the second round yesterday.

Petra Kvitova
Petra Kvitova

For a set and a half, Czech Kvitova looked to be cruising into the second round, only to suddenly find herself dragged into a dogfight against the Montenegrin.

By the end, she was hanging onto her title dreams by the thinnest of threads, coming within two points of defeat before taking the final three games to drag herself across the finishing line.

In the second round, she will face Taiwanese Hsieh Su-Wei, a 7-6, 6-3 winner over Lara Arruabarrena.

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State-wide strike of doctors across Maharashtra called off

While the Maharashtra Association of Resident Doctors had announced a state wide strike to agitate against their demands not being met by the government, it was called off at around 11.30pm after a meeting held with the state medical education minister.

MARD had gone on an indefinite strike last year for nearly five days after which they resumed with work after the government assured them that their demands would be discussed in the cabinet meeting. While the MARD had gone on a two days strike this year in January, the HC intervened following which it was called off.

Sources at MARD said the strike was called off this time since many patients were being admitted due to the monsoon season and with the patient load, it would be unfair to go on an indefinite strike, said the doctor.

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Midlothian binmen take action over pay

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Have your say

Refuse collectors at Midlothian Council are said to be taking industrial action as part of protests against a recent pay cut.

Engaged in a lawful protest known as ‘work to contract’, the waste operatives are doing no more than the minimum required in order to cause a slowdown, it is claimed.

It has been reported that binmen are refusing to handle wheelie-bins that are even a fraction of an inch overfilled.

are you experiencing problems with bin collection?
The pay dispute revolves around the council’s decision to remove the Market Supplement of £1371, which was awarded to refuse collectors following the Modernising Midlothian settlement.

As reported in last week’s Advertiser, staff moral has crashed as a result of the reduction in pay.

Are you a refuse collector who is fed-up with your working conditions and pay, or are you a taxpayer who feels that the binmen are being unreasonable? Leave your comments below.

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