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Light Up Earrings

 Building and testing the charger

So the charger circuit came together pretty well.  Just for fun, I decided to assemble the whole board with solder paste and heat it in a frying pan rather than solder each component individually.  This turned out to be much faster, and you can’t argue with results!

I might be doing this again in the future.

Powering the board up, I first tested the short circuit current to the battery.  If everything was working correctly, it should have been no higher than 9mA:

Boom! Next up, I connected a 2k load which is large enough to push the device into constant voltage mode.  The verdict?

You might be wondering why the board has such an odd shape.

One of the goals of this project was to make something that would be highly technical, but also stylish.  Rather than just making a charging circuit, I wanted to make a storage box that also charges.

For my box, I headed to the GoodWill and came back with three fewer dollars and this:

Although I was happy to take anything remotely close to what I needed, this box turned out to be the perfect size, and the two moons sort of represent the two earrings inside.

Now the challenge with something like this is to make it look good and not hacked together like most of my projects.  I wanted everything to fit together just right.  With the numerous large components on the PCB (inductor, capacitors) and the AAA battery enclosure all vying for space in my box, I needed to be certain that everything would fit before I started drilling holes.

That’s when I did this:

I found an Eagle/Google Sketchup plugin online called EagleUp.  These scripts allow you to export a file from Eagle that can be imported into Google Sketchup.  All you have to do is point it to a directory housing Sketchup models for all of your package varieties.  Standard packages like 0603 resistors and some ICs already have models provided on the EagleUp warehouse page, but to use them, I had to rename them to match the names of my package types in Eagle.  I also had to rename some of my Eagle packages because the OSX filesystem doesn’t allow slashes in filenames while Eagle allows them in package names.

Some of the packages I had to create myself such as the large capacitors, inductor, Schottky diodes, TQFP micro controller, PCB standoffs, and USB connector pictured here:

I also did the switch and buttons on the other side:

As you can imagine, this was a very time consuming process.  Since I was only looking to see if everything would fit, I could have easily just used a cube for every component to represent its extreme dimensions, but the parts that EagleUp came with were so pretty that I didn’t want to ruin the aesthetic.  I’ll be providing the parts I made in the download package for this project.

As I worked on the layout, I continuously exported the results to Sketchup to see how it would fit into a model representing my enclosure.  After numerous tweaks, I came up with this:

With a few small cuts to my box for the USB port, it looked like everything fit.  It was a pretty tight squeeze too!  Take a look at the AAA battery holder represented by the white box here:

I measured 0.6mm of clearance!  Or is it 0.6m?  One odd thing about the EagleUp plugin results from the fact that Sketchup is designed for architectural drawings of large structures. Its precision deteriorates as you enter the sub-milimeter range.  To get around this, EagleUp just multiplies everything by 1,000, so my PCB model is actually 80 meters long or roughly the length of a Manhattan city block.

I can dream.

With the 3D all worked out, I set to work hacking up my box.  A dremel tool made quick work of the wood, and some superglue combined with counter-sunk screw heads held two of the four PCB standoffs in place.  This was necessary to keep the PCB from sliding around due to insertion force from the USB jack:

The PCB helped me align the standoffs, but once the glue dried, I removed it and added my magnets:

These magnets serve the purpose of shutting down the earrings as well as providing the negative terminal for charging.  Electrically connecting them to the circuit proved difficult as my soldering iron’s tip is ferromagnetic and kept getting stuck.  I ended up using ferromagnetic resistor leads which were attracted to the magnets and sandwiched them in the stack:

It’s not the greatest hold, but it works.  If it comes undone often, I’ll have to come up with a better solution.

Now it was time to add something to hold the earrings in place and connect the positive terminal.  I carved a harness out of a block of styrofoam and punched holes in the bottom to allow for the magnets to make good contact with the earrings.  The positive terminals were soldered to a pair of alligator clips, and the wire was reinforced with some liquid electrical tape:

You can’t see the AAA battery enclosure because it’s located under the PCB.  Removing the two screws on the left makes it pretty easy to access.

The alligator clips are meant to be clipped to the wire loop on the top of the earrings, but I found that connecting them to the ear hooks themselves works most of the time.  With everything connected, it looks like this:

Although I really wasn’t thinking about it during the design phase, the two alligator clips connect to the same part of the circuit, so if they short together, it’s no big deal.

The best part is that the box still closes!

A few more issues

I ended up having to remove the PCBs from their earring enclosures a second time to reprogram the firmware.  I found that the voltage measurement can be flakey sometimes and cause my circuits to prematurely shut off.  This happened especially when recovering from sleep with a low battery.  I think the sudden load on the battery from turning on the LEDs was enough to temporarily dip the voltage below 3V.

I solved this by requiring two consecutive low voltage measurements before shutting off.

Likewise, I added a similar delay on the battery charger low current shutoff.  This was a response to observing the unit shutting off while the batteries were still charging at 3mA.  While this prevented the odd bit of noise from shutting the circuit down prematurely, I found that the circuit still never made it close to the expected 1.4mA.

I think this may be due to the lack of precision of my chip’s ADC.  The difference between 3mA and 1.4mA is just 0.05V which isn’t a whole lot.  I’m not super concerned about it though.  3mA is still pretty close to 1.4mA, and cutting it off there probably saves me an hour of charging for just a few percent of additional battery life.

The earrings are brilliantly bright.  This is mostly due to the 3,000mcd LEDs I used for the front face.  They certainly aren’t cheap, but they give off a nice glow for how little power I’m giving them.

I clocked the board at a little above 6mA during active use.  Discharging two fully charged earrings side by side showed a 2:25 battery life for the first and the second died just 7 minutes after.  This seems about on par with what I’d expect.  16mAh is close enough to 19mAh for a battery that I’m not charging up all the way.  I was glad to see that the two earrings had similar battery lives as I was afraid one might die substantially sooner than the other and cause a major fashion faux pas.

Charging actually takes a lot longer; I measured around a 4:15.  This makes the device a little difficult to use.  When in standby mode, the earrings will still die in under two days;  The charger will keep them in standby, but it will do nothing else to maintain their charge.  This means that the user has to remember to start the charger 4ish hours before they hit the dance floor.  Starting it too soon will cause the earrings to start to die before they’re even used, and starting it too late will now allow enough time for them to charge.

I showed them to a few friends who really liked the aesthetic.  Those who tried them on said that their ears would probably be sore after a long night of wearing them, but they weren’t too heavy.

I consider this all to be pretty decent for a first attempt.

Looking forward

Although these earrings are maybe not as “cool” as some of my other projects (especially when you can buy some light up earrings online for fairly cheap), they’re probably one of my most ambitious projects to date.  I’ve been a little bummed recently about my lack of blog updates, but I think this post more than makes up for it.  I’ve covered a ton of new ground!

  • Lithium polymer battery charging
  • Lithium polymer battery protection
  • Constant current sinks
  • 0.01″ trace thickness PCBs
  • 0402 resistors and capacitors
  • Better use of solder paste
  • 3D modeling of circuits and enclosures
  • Idle mode on the ATTiny24
  • Charlieplexing
  • Power source diode ORing
  • Sculpey

I probably should have split this one up into multiple pieces like I did my windshield wipers, but I honestly didn’t think it was going to be this complicated when I set out.

I’m reasonably happy with the final result, though there are a few things I would definitely change if I did this again:

  • Include a small low-frequency crystal to reduce the standby current by two orders of magnitude.
  • Either that, or create some method for killing power to the earrings while the batteries are still charged and then a separate operation to turn them on.
  • Use the single FET solution for the battery shutoff.
  • Find a way to use magnets for the positive trace as well.  The alligator clips are a little clumsy.
  • Add a gas gauge for the charger so the user knows how far along it is.
  • Add an indicator to show which power source is being used (USB or AAA)
  • Use machined plastic instead of Sculpey.

That last point is certainly a sticking one.  As it is, the earrings are pretty fragile.  The only thing connecting them to the wearer’s ears are thin pieces of wire.  I’ve already had one break off which I fixed with a dab of solder.  These will be a Christmas present for a family member, and if I have time before the holidays, I’d like to remake them out of something a little more robust.

Hrm… I wonder how hard it would be to get them to react to music?  I should also consider putting a bird on them.

Continue the story and download project files here.

23 thoughts on “Light Up Earrings

  1. Really nice project! Now get these 3D printed and start selling them on Tindie 🙂
    I still shy away from using LiPos for the reasons you mentioned. Maybe I should give them a try as well.

    A few comments regarding your circuit:
    – when measuring the current draw from your circuit, did you account for the voltage divider (I calculated about 8.5 uA)?
    – you don’t actually need a voltage divider at all! Using the ADC mux connect VCC as reference and the 1.1 V bandgap as input. From that measurement you can calculate VCC.
    – almost did not see this: so you pull low PB0, right? What about the current flowing through R12?
    – when in power-down mode you can still wake up the device with the Watchdog interrupt (see That way you can configure your MCU to only wake up every 8 s.

    • Great comments!

      -The voltage divider certainly contributed to the 0.45mA draw. Also that measurement was taken before I added R12 (I added a note to make this clear).

      -That ADC mux trick is brilliant. I’ll definitely use that next time.

      -Someone else suggested the WDT as well. I’ve never used one before. I always assumed it ran off the same clock as the application processor (or at least that it drew more current than that). I’ll definitely try that out next time.

  2. Your break off programmer has inspired me to use that design in a wearable project idea that I have. Awesome and Thank You!

  3. Nice project 🙂

    One idea that could help storing the earrings in a charged state would be to use a small reed switch between the battery and the rest of the circuit (while keeping the connection to the charger).
    I think you could use it to simply cut the power mechanically instead of having a sensor+code to manage the case.
    For over-discharge protection when it’s in its box, you would only have the self-discharge effect to worry about, and that would not be a problem as long as the earrings are used at least once every few month.

  4. Yeah, using the 1.1vref for voltage detection works out all right – it’s not 100% accurate, but if you set your threshold high enough, you don’t risk getting near the bottom end of the discharge curve for the LiPo cell. I’ve been fiddling around with adding navigation lights to my RC helicopters now that the sun is setting so early in the evening, and having the lights warn me before the low voltage cutout in the model kicks in is a design goal, and it’s within a few dozen mV of my goal voltage.

    (viz: although I’m using a different method.)

    And white Sculpey is translucent, huh? I’ll have to give my blinkenlights a shot with it. Right now I’m using some HDPE medicine bottles to diffuse the LEDs a bit, but it’s a bit weird looking. Pressing them into Sculpey and baking it up might look a _bit_ nicer…

    • It’s actually marked as “translucent” Sculpey. I think the white stuff is different.

      Neat project. I really like the coulomb graph.

  5. Pingback: LED Earrings #WearableWednesday | electronics-trade blog

  6. Pingback: Community Corner: RGB Stick Man Costumes and Ten More Great Projects from the Past Week in Adafruit’s Community « adafruit industries blog

  7. Pingback: Community Corner: RGB Stick Man Costumes and Ten More Great Projects from the Past Week in Adafruit’s Community | electronics-trade blog

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  9. do you have a schematic for the charging circuit? Been throwing around an idea that this battery would work well in.
    – K-tWizel

    • Page 4 has the schematic for the charger. You can also download the .zip file at the bottom of page 5 which contains the Eagle schematic files for the earrings and the charger.

  10. Have some master models of the parts 3D printed. Smooth up the surfaces as needed with some primer and sanding. Then make RTV silicone molds for casting in urethane resin.

    Smooth-On has a fairly quick setting white that when cast thin enough, light can shine through.

    You could make a multiple cavity mold with only one set of 3D printed parts by first making a small mold to cast one set, then cast several sets from that mold to make one or more multi-cavity molds.

    Shrinkage of the resin, especially with small sized items like these, is next thing to zero.

  11. This is an awesome project. I’m also doing really small circuits as well. I’m sure you get this a lot but I need help finding a component. I need something that will detect voltage on a battery to about 2.5 volts. Then after hitting 2.5 volts it will direct the power somewhere until the voltage drops back down to about 1.7 volts. Or something similar to that. I just need to find out what kind of component that would be so I can see what there is to offer. thank you

    • I don’t know of a specific part that can do that. There may be a number of battery management ICs that can be configured to do something like that though. What kind of battery are you dealing with? What’s your application?

      • Well I’m actually dealing with a capacitor but treating it like a battery, just for energy storage. The application is a small energy harvester that takes in small amounts of energy over a period of about a minute and then dumps that collected energy into a motor or an LED. I found a part that could do the job but I’m going to test it in a few days to see if it’ll work. The LM8364 seems like it’ll work. What do you think?

        • Well, that part will certainly detect when the voltage drops below a threshold, but I still don’t quite understand your application. Will this connect to your charging circuit?

          • Sorry for the long reply. Basically the circuit has a small solar panel* made up of photo diodes. I’m getting a little over 3 volts in normal room light from the solar panel. In parallel with the solar panel I have a 1200uF capacitor as a battery to store the electrical energy made from the solar panel. I want that stored energy dumped into an LED or a small motor once the voltage in the capacitor gets to around 2 volts. I just finished building the circuit just now and it doesn’t work with the LM8364. But the circuit did show that the small solar panel and the capacitor could power an LED for a few msec. Then, i could have also heated the LM8364 to high when I was soldering it. I’ll test the component now to see if it actually functions.

          • So after testing the LM8364 I figured out the problem. The component basically detects whether there is enough power to run a processor or not. And in return tells the processor to shut down or turn on. For every failure I learn more about what I’m doing.

  12. Pingback: CNC machine, Christmas gifts, and I’m a dope | ch00ftech Industries

  13. Really good design work, unfortunately the Chinese have unlimited “research” funds
    and dirt cheap parts and labor. They are selling beautiful LED earrings on the web for 99 cents a pair. Including shipping!!! Sorry Guys!!!

  14. Pingback: CNC machine, Christmas gifts, and I’m a dope » Geko Geek

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Posts Tagged “pink always means powerful”

This entry is part 13 of 20 in the series CCS Episode Summaries

Title Screenshot

The fourth DVD of Card Captor Sakura, entitled "Sakura Fight!" in what is possibly a clever way of referencing both the episode containing Sakura's and Kero's flare-up as well as a generic encouragement often heard in anime, contains the following text as a blurb:

Sakura challenges the Power Card to a game of tug-o-war, but thanks to Li, the game could be over in no time! Then, Sakura goes to see her brother in a peculiar version of Cinderella that is brought to a crashing halt by the Mist Card. What will Toya do? Next, after a fight with Sakura, Kero runs away and accidentally befriends a lonely child. Will Kero be able to see Sakura again if it means breaking a little girl's heart! Finally, Sakura's family takes a vacation where Sakura meets an old man in a mansion – who could he be?

I get the feeling that whomever comes up with these probably has nothing much to say about the episodes in question, and can see the looming future of so many DVDs to go and nothing to say about them too.

Extras outside the DVD would be one pencilboard, with rather nice pictures on both sides. One side has Sakura in her episode 2 battle costume framed by very large wings from the Sealing Wand (plus random glowies scattered around), and the other side has Sakura in her opening animation outfit posing against a backdrop which resembles a Clow Card. I might put the pictures up someday when I find them.

Extras in the DVD consists of an Art Gallery, with twenty-four line-art pictures and cleaned-up production sketches, a large number of which are basically Kero-chan in different poses. Standard "art gallery extra" stuff, essentially, and nothing particularly eye-catching, especially at the default resolution; one drawback of relatively older anime is that they don't really age well with regards to Bigger Better Screens and the ability to note every little pixel.

Anyway. Episode 13 is called "Sakura and the Elephant's Test of Strength", which I suppose technically counts as accurate if one kind of squints for a bit at the events in the episode. Sakura does have a test of strength, and an elephant does help out, and that's pretty much all one can say about it. I mean, it's just one elephant (well, technically two), not one thousand, much to Dibbler's disappointment.

Once again, the number of screenshots for this summary has been drastically reduced, or we'll be here all day staring at Tomoyo (Daidouji, I have to add, after the incalculable number of times I have to explain that I do not mean the CLANNAD Tomoyo of the Super Combo Hits). While I am perfectly content to while away the hours basking in Tomoyo's presence, I dare say that not everyone shares my view. (More's the pity.)

Therefore, every time Tomoyo appears onscreen, have another CHECK!Point. It's the right thing to do.

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The brain of the beast

published 05 Sep 2013

The journey starts in a plain, unfurnished apartment on the second floor of a high-rise housing complex on 214th and Broadway, Inwood, New York City, a down-at-heel Spanish-speaking neighbourhood just a few hundred metres from the tip of Manhattan Island’s Northern extension.

From 214th st, Broadway runs north for six more streets to an old rugged metal bridge, which links Manhattan to the Northern Bronx. Across the river, Route 9 continues north, running alongside a train track that is raised above the road by riveted steel stilts, passing through intermingled stretches of high-rise housing projects, scruffy commercial strips, light-industrial zones full of ware-houses and pre-fabricated work-shops. Everything is grimly functional – prettiness is a luxury this part of the city cannot afford. After three or four miles, a slip road provides access to the elevated highway system which allows cars to speed unperturbed over the grubby urban sprawl of the Bronx on their way to the shiny lights of Manhattan. The slip road joins the Saw Mill River Parkway which takes traffic north at a steady speed of 55 miles per hour. Within a few minutes, the city limits have been crossed and Westchester County begins. A dense wall of trees encroaches on all sides.

The wall of trees thins out for a moment as the town of Yonkers passes. A couple of warehouses and a lone, distant, skyscraper appear fleetingly between the trees before the foliage closes in again. Mile after mile goes by without seeing a single building – trees stretch back from the road as far as the eye can see. It feels like one is passing through a region of virgin forests, but the appearance is deceptive. Behind the trees is one of America’s wealthiest boroughs, a suburban spill-over of Manhattan’s elite, with the second most expensive real estate in the country, a far cry from wilderness.

"a clandestine, top-secret, hi-tech institute hidden in the woods"

After 40 miles or so, a slip road leaves the highway and joins the Kitchawan Road, a nondescript secondary road. A small paved driveway leaves that road on the right hand side. A sign, set discreetly back from the road, bears the legend IBM, gold on black, perhaps a metre high. Beyond the sign, the drive enters a sylvan idyll. Herds of deer roam freely, grazing in grassy clearings between copses of old-growth deciduous trees. A security booth interrupts the peaceful setting. It is automated – operated from a remote security centre somewhere – a camera swivels, a disembodied voice asks one’s business, and the barrier rises. The road sweeps onwards through lush parkland. After a mile or so, a most peculiar building appears. It is semi-circular, set low to the ground, 3 stories high, but partially sunken into the ground and hidden behind a grassy knoll that has been built up as if to conceal its existence. The trajectory of the driveway is designed so that, by the time one sees the building, one is right on top of it. Its scale is enormous – the arc of its semi-circle is over a mile long. It has a uniform featureless smooth, black-tinted, shiny glass façade, only interrupted by a metal canopy which extends over the main entrance. Everything about it suggests secrecy. It is reminiscent of what I always imagined the headquarters of SPECTRE, James Bond’s villainous opponents, would look like: a clandestine, top-secret, hi-tech institute hidden in the woods.

Aerial view of TJ Watson under construction image: wikipedia

The driveway forks, with one route leading up to the front door and the other veering off to the left, towards the back of the building. At the end of this road is a parking lot: the interior of the semi-circular building is filled with endless rows of modern, sensible suburban vehicles. Despite the number of cars filling the lot, it is a strangely desolate place. Occasionally, somebody can be seen walking briskly through the lot, but mostly it is quiet, deserted and windswept, creating a sense of exposure and vulnerability. The back of the building has entrance gangways every hundred metres or so. The ground floor is subterranean here, so the entrances give onto the building’s middle floor.

Diverging spokes - internal corridors. image: wikipedia

A swipe card opens the automated doors. Inside the building, long, curving corridors extend in all directions. The main arteries of the building run along its edges uninterrupted through the entire length of the building. Other corridors form regular radial connections between the front and back – like spokes on the bicycle wheel. Everything is gleaming, antiseptic and white. Very occasionally, some eccentric looking man with a wild beard can be seen gliding into view in the distance before disappearing into one of the corridors or doors that line the walls. Other than that an eerie quiet holds semi-permanent sway. From the entrance, a short stroll along the boundary corridor and a turn to the left brings one to a door on the right which opens onto a fairly large office, maybe 6 metres square.

This was my daily commute to work for 6 months or so from late April 1997. I was working as an intern in IBM’s T.J. Watson research centre, in Yorktown Heights in New York, as a programmer for the artificial intelligence group of the mathematics department of IBM research. This job represented the personal crossing of a category boundary in the world of work. Up to this point, I had worked in a variety of jobs: security guard, warehouse picker and shipper, supermarket shelf-stacker, waiter, shoe shop assistant, barista. Those jobs all had a lot in common despite the different roles. In particular, they all corresponded reasonably closely with the basic Marxist model of waged labour. On one side there was management who saw their workers as a commodity to be exploited, commanded, mistrusted and watched. On the other was an antagonistic work force, who basically attempted to do as little work as they could for their wage. Working for IBM research was completely different. Whereas I had been used to punching a clock in and out, and having every minute of presence measured, here noone paid any attention to what time anybody showed up at. My boss disappeared for weeks at a time. I had my own office and, when I shut the door, nobody would disturb me. Nobody issued orders. My boss would ask me if I would be available to do things and never minded when I said no. My wage of $1700 a week was more than 3 times higher than it had been in any previous job. Recruiters would cold-call my office with offers of 6 figure salaries in Wall St. IBM paid for my flight and relocation expenses and gave me an expense account to cover all costs on my first week. Word got around that I was using public transport to get to work so an employee in an office a couple of corridors over dropped in to me and gave me a car. He just freaking gave it to me. He was getting a new one and it was too much trouble to sell the old one. It was in perfect condition.

Deep Blue - good at chess for a lump of plastic and silicon image: IBM

The T.J. Watson building was home to most of IBM’s core research activity. It was packed full of some of the world’s top mathematicians, physicists and computer scientists. In the canteen, one could rub shoulders with the inventor of the track-pad and the people responsible for many of the most fundamental advances in digital storage technology. Wild white beards were de rigeur. In the building’s lobby sat Deep Blue, the chess playing computer which had just defeated the human world champion, Gary Kasparov, and some of the project team who had built it shared my corridor.

My particular research team were working on natural language processing – trying to get computers to understand human language. Amusingly, to me at least, one of the team’s big academic rivals in this field was Noam Chomsky, who was based at MIT, just a couple of hundred miles north. My colleagues frequently grumbled about him getting all the attention.

I was working on a project in conjunction with a Southern US bank. The bank’s problem was that they had could not handle the volume of email that they were getting. Every day they printed out all the emails that they had received that day, put them on a truck and send them to a warehouse, where workers would go through them and sort them into bags for each department in the bank. The next morning the truck would return and deliver the sorted bags of printed emails along with the daily mail. Yes, they actually did that.

Our team’s goal was to automate this process, to teach a computer how to deliver these emails to the correct department, based upon their contents. This is a very standard problem, known as text-categorisation, with a relatively long history of research behind it. The general solution is simple and fairly standard – you take a bunch of pre-categorised example documents, divide them up into tokens (e.g. words), and use some AI algorithm or other to identify the most characteristic patterns of tokens in each category. Then you analyse each new document to see which category-pattern it most closely resembles. Our team’s innovation was to use compound multi-word phrases in the texts in addition to simple words (although the words were stemmed, lemma-ised and linguistically processed: so not altogether simple). My personal contribution was writing the code that took the tokenised output from the linguistic tools, statistically analysed it and turned it into a great big feature-vector which could be fed to a decision tree algorithm. Our training documents were a set of news bulletins, categorised by Reuters, about the international commodities markets. I came to appreciate the subtle differences in the vocabularies of the palm oil and palm kernel trading communities much better than I could ever have expected.

Having built the system, it turned out that it did make a difference – but the difference was as often bad as it was good. In the years since then, research has largely taken an opposite direction – towards simpler statistical models and away from linguistic complexity. Some of the most effective text categorisers nowadays don’t even use words, just letter sequences known as n-grams, where n is usually a small number like 3. For example, this sentence could be made into 3-grams as follows: “for”, “or “, “r e”, “exa”, "xam", and so on. You just add up the number of times each 3-gram appears in the documents in each category and extract the most characteristic patterns. This simple approach has proved surprisingly successful in such fields as language identification (getting a computer to figure out which language a given document is written in), sentiment analysis and even author identification – it turns out that the patterns of 3-grams that people use are pretty individual and tend to repeat themselves in whatever they write.

The point of this digression into the arcane details of text categorisation is, firstly, that it illustrates an interesting general point. In practice, simple, models that don’t make much intuitive sense can be more accurate reflections of the real world than more sophisticated models which embody much more intelligence and capture much more meaningful information. The underlying cause is that the problem of human language comprehension is extraordinarily, ridiculously complex and to fully master it, extraordinarily complex, sophisticated models will ultimately be required. In between the simple, statistical models that currently perform the best, and the type of processing that human brains do, there is a ridiculously wide gap. In bridging this gap, performance declines at first, and it seems likely that we will have to travel a long way down that road before we can arrive at solutions that can consistently out-perform the most simple models.

But the real reason for going into all of this detail about text categorisation is because it is a window into the most wondrous phenomenon in the universe, the human brain and its capacity to solve absurdly complex problems.

"the solution is five years away and always has been"
Optimism - 1958 30 Aug 1958 image: The Times

The history of artificial intelligence research has followed a regular pattern in most of its sub-fields. Researchers invariably start from a naively optimistic point of view where it is assumed that human behaviour can be encoded in a set of rules which determine what to do in any given situation. So, for example, when it comes to translation between natural languages, there is a standard joke in the research community that the solution is five years away and always has been. The earliest computer researchers, back in the 1950s, assumed that language translation would be easy and would merely require parallel dictionaries and a few simple rules. Oh how wrong they were. A similar pattern has repeated itself again and again in every sub-discipline that has attempted to translate human behaviours into computer form. A naively optimistic researcher starts out on the problem, writes a few rules that cover the simple cases, tests them, realises that they are inadequate, then goes back to try to figure out how to fix the problems and, sooner or later, he has an “Oh shit, we’re going to need a bigger boat” moment as the jaw-dropping complexity of the problem becomes clear. Every few years, new teams of researchers attack the problem again, with slightly more sophisticated tools but an equally naïve optimism in their ability to solve the problem, until they too hit the lurking complexity wall. Advances do regularly happen, but they are in small, highly constrained areas. For example, after many decades of effort, in the last couple of years a researcher finally managed to get a robot to successfully fold a sheet, albeit in a highly controlled environment. The goal of emulating the rich, integrated, multi-faceted nature of human behaviour has, if anything, receded even further into the future as our understanding of the problem has advanced.

image: briandeadly (flickr)

The propensity of computer scientists to be extravagantly optimistic in their assumptions about the feasibility of codifying human behaviour and human systems in simple rule-based forms is endlessly infuriating. However, it is understandable. Firstly, in my experience, there is a strong tendency for computer science research to attract individuals who have personalities that are not a million miles away from the personality space known as high-functioning autistic spectrum disorder: very interested in numbers, abstract reasoning and order, not so interested in social interactions. Secondly, when you have a room full of the world’s cleverest people, all intensely focusing their collective intelligence on trying to solve a problem that some of the least intelligent people on the planet can master effortlessly, it’s hard not to be optimistic. Just how difficult these problems are is not obvious a priori and the only reason that we now understand the explosion of complexity that lies beneath the surface is that foolhardy researchers have charged headlong in and discovered all the traps by falling into them and all the brick walls by running headfirst into them.

It’s hard to explain in writing just how difficult the problem of emulating human behaviour is – because it only really comes apparent after you have gone into considerable detail in analysing a problem in a structured way and have stripped out the easily solvable aspects. Nevertheless, a couple of examples can serve as reasonable illustrations at least.

The self-destructing domestic servant

If you want to go beating us at chess, you can do the bloody laundry. image:

In the first example, consider the problem of writing a program to control a robot that can carry out simple domestic duties like folding the laundry. There are all sorts of intricate, mechanical problems that are far from trivial to solve, but a much bigger problem is that, unless you explicitly tell it otherwise, the robot will happily move around the space it is in, bashing itself into things and knocking bits off itself. This is one of the things that we take for granted with humans and even the simplest of animals. It seems sort of trivial - until we have to address it. So, how do we get our robot to not destroy itself ? We need to teach it self-preservation, but this can’t be an absolute rule, as there are certain situations in which self-preservation should be sacrificed: it’s better for the robot to crash into a wall than crashing into a toddler, even if the first is likely to cause greater damage. So, we now need a fairly complex internal ethical model to dictate when self-preservation principles should be applied and set aside and to do this we need a fairly complex model of human ethical hierarchies and… oh shit we’re going to need a bigger boat.

The gnomic conversationalist

In the second example, we take a situation where two men are standing beside each other looking out a window. One of the men says to the other “it’ll be a clear sky for the birds tonight”. Our computer now magically takes control of the second man and we have to come up with a program that will produce a response. We could, of course, simply respond with a banality such as a formulaic affirmation and this is the approach that most Turing test competitors have tended to take. But, formulaic answers only go so far and if we are to improve upon them, we need to actually understand the statement. In doing so, we must ask ourselves: “what are the factors that I must take into account in interpreting the statement.” Most obviously, the actual scene outside the window is significant – if it is raining heavily outside, then perhaps the other person is making an ironic joke? Perhaps the reference to birds is slang and he is actually talking about human females and the comment relates to a planned excursion to a den of iniquity later that night? Or maybe it is a quote by a third party that is known to both people: some shared cultural reference point? Or maybe it harks back to some shared experience of the two men – maybe they were in a war together and the phrase is one that they used to signal that bombing raids were imminent? Or maybe he just has a strange fascination with the effects of meteorology on bird’s moods? And how do we distinguish between these possibilities? Well, that must depend upon the personality of the first man and the nature of their relationship, past and present. So, all we need to take into account in order to understand the phrase properly, is the immediate visual environment, the cultural memes in circulation, the shared history of the two people, and a sophisticated model of the first man’s personality and…oh shit we’re going to need a bigger boat.

When I first encountered this phenomenon – whereby problems that are ludicrously difficult for us to solve explicitly are apparently trivially easy for even the least intelligent humans – it resonated with my egalitarian anarchist politics. It was, as I saw it, just another example of highly educated elitists under-estimating the inherent creativity and intelligence of ordinary people. Although there is some truth to this, it turns out to be extremely limited as an explanation – an individual may be able to effortlessly master the extraordinary complexity of language, but still be eternally incapable of mastering much simpler problems which require explicit abstract reasoning. To properly understand what is going on, we need to go much deeper. We need to look at these problems, understand why exactly they are so difficult, and how the brain manages to solve them with such apparent ease. It turns out that, although a comprehensive understanding of the brain is far off in the distant future, we already know enough to come up with pretty good answers to these questions. And these answers reveal an awful lot about the world, human society and why things happen the way they do and very few people know them.

My next post, which will appear next week, will have answers!

Comments (12)

Another class instalment Chekov, keep them coming. Always loved that Jaws clip, (it was even on the first Encarta multimedia disc in the early 90s you'll be intrigued to know!) and it's a good analogy. I'd suggest it's not just wise men that rush in about what can be achieved by the latest technology. Fools too would underestimate the mind-boggling complexity that can go into making something artificial do something really simple.

That's a great commute from the bustle of Hispanic Manhattan to the monkish retreat of linguistic parsers. Those photos have the feel of Adam Curtis's video blog in a way.

chekov's picture

Thanks for that - some sort of freudian slip there! Lots of wise men become fools when they move outside of their area of knowledge but think their expert status carries over. I'm a gonna drop you a line - I need to meet the junior Clissman.

Your description of your journey out of New York reminded me of the description of a journey into New York in 'Man gone Down'....but yours is a better read.

Kev McMahon

Hi Chekov, well done this is a great read and I look forward to the answers.
If the first man is referring to ladies in a den of iniquity the robot should respond "here's to swimming with bow legged women"
Also enjoyed the report of your adventures with MadDog in India and I hope to get a chance to read back through your other posts. Keep up the good work best wishes Kev

chekov's picture

Thanks for the kind words and great to hear from you. You've obviously got a knack for cybernetics too :-)

Dee Molloy

How the brain deals easily with 'the extraordinary complexity of language' - is it something to do with stereotyping? You've made me very curious for the 'answers'! And how your political position evolves beyond this less-than-Marxist model working environment. It seems that one solution to automation is to get the humans to work like machines first, then make the machines to take their place. Isn't that how assembly-lines work?

J. Ular

When you speak of natural language translation being eternally 5 years away, do you not think that e.g. Google's translation services are pretty respectable?

Speaking from complete ignorance, won't natural language translation always be held to some un-specified standard of correctness just because the languages themselves are not amenable to verification processes unlike computer languages -- which have formally defined grammars with specific properties designed _for_ verification?

chekov's picture

Firstly, apologies to all - the second part of this story is slightly delayed due to me being in Athens and tied up with other things for a while. I'm working on it though, so watch this space.

Jock Ular: Google translation is pretty good for language pairs where lots of parallel texts are available - it's very statistical and depends on having lots of examples of phrases side by side in the two languages in question. However, it's approach has a hard limit built into it - it will never be able to adapt to deep context and will always choose the most common phrase translation. As to the measurability of natural language translation - there are fairly standard tests which are some use at comparing different solutions, they're very far from perfect, but they can and will be improved - you could use, for example, very broad crowd-sourced human feedback which wouldn't be perfect, but would be as close as it is possible to get when you take into account the fact that language and human communication is always a bit semantically ambiguous.

......s'il vous plaît.

chekov's picture

I've been crazy busy for the last few weeks with travelling, writing funding applications and writing research papers and haven't had the time to finish off the follow up article. My last deadline is tomorrow though and I'll be straight back on it then. I'll definitely have it out this week...

Bon courage!

Joyeux Noël!


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May 2014 Favorites

May 2014 Favorites | monthly favorites

It’s monthly favorites time! In light of having a nearly makeup-free favorites round up this month, I thought I’d film this video sans makeup too!

Check out the video and products summarized below.

The cat’s now out of the bag… I recently finished a series of six VelaShape treatments to help reduce cellulite on my lower backside. VelaShape is a new-ish body reshaping and contouring treatment which is non-intrusive and essentially painless. I’m really happy with the results and I’ll be sharing more on my experience in an upcoming blog post soon. I got my treatment done at my favorite Bay Area med spa, Skin Spirit in Mill Valley.

Gucci Flora Eau de Parfum
If you’re a fan of V&R Flowerbomb, imagine Gucci Flora as its older, less sweet but more seductive sister. With notes of citrus, rose, peony, sandalwood, and pink pepper, this fragrance is floral with a sexy kick. I’m basically obsessed.

Tory Burch Eau de Parfum
If there’s a perfume for everyday, this is it. TB’s flagship fragrance is crisp, fresh, and slightly floral, with strong notes of neroli, jasmine, and bergamot. There’s just a hint of sandalwood too which gives it lovely dimension. Go to Bloomie’s now and just smell this stunning scent for yourself.

MAC 130 Short Duo Fibre Brush
Unlike my love-hate relationship with the MAC 187, the 130 brush is much better quality. Perfect for undereye concealer, the short and long bristle blend out product fantastically. Most importantly, it doesn’t shed upon using liquid products like the 187. I know this brush would work like a dream for applying highlighter as well!

Urban Decay Naked 3 Palette
This palette is a beaut, and it’s back out in my daily routine as of late. I especially love Factory, the plummy brown sparkly shade that looks fantastic on the lower lashline in place of an eyeliner. It’s softer, more wearable, and helps my eye color pop.

What did you enjoy the most last month? Please leave me your product recommendations in a comment — I would love to hear them!

Thanks for reading, and I hope you have an amazing start to June.

7 Responses

  1. Ashley June 4, 2014 / 6:28 pm

    I’m definitely loving my Smashbox eyeshadow and Philosophy gel face wash & gel cream. It’s so lightweight, I love it, when I put it on, I feel so refreshed and I’m honestly excited to wash my face and put the gel cream on.

    • Chelsea Pearl July 26, 2014 / 3:46 pm

      Very nice! I’ll have to give Smashbox shadows a try!

  2. bp June 21, 2014 / 5:39 pm

    You’re glowing in this video 😉

    • Chelsea Pearl July 26, 2014 / 3:46 pm

      I can’t get enough of Naked 3! Thanks for stopping by. <3

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Oscar Ray Flick, 84, of Hammon, Oklahoma was born on October 21, 1931 at home North of Hammon, Oklahoma. He is the son of Howard and Ola Mae (Linville) Flick. Oscar passed away on Thursday, March 31, 2016 in Hammon, Oklahoma.

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Colin Donnell
Date of birth: October 9, 1982
Place of birth: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Active: 2005-present
Role: Dr. Connor Rhodes
Show(s): Chicago Med (regular)
Chicago P.D. (recurring)
Chicago Fire (recurring)

Colin Donnell (born October 9, 1982) is an American actor who portrays Dr. Connor Rhodes in Chicago Med.

Biography and career

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160m Receive Conditions on Christmas Island

Here is a video of the typical tropical noise experienced at Christmas Island on 160 m over night. The receiving antenna is a beverage. Noise received on the inverted L transmitting antenna is far worse.

  1. Pingback: Top Band: 160 м - Страница 123

  2. Dale BA4TB

    How the performance between SAL-30 and Beverage?

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Thursday, July 17, 2014

Back home again in Alabama

How rude, I just went on vacation and didn't tell anyone (can you imagine if I did that at work....?).  We drove down to Mobile, AL for a few days followed by a few days at the beach on Dauphin Island.    And because its a 2 day trip with a nursing infant, we got some local flavor in Nashville, Birmingham, and Montgomery.

Available for $500K
It was a last minute vacation and I couldn't get a beach house (well, not on the Gulf side of the island, directly on the beach, for a partial week).  Although the houses are almost disturbingly close to the water, no?  We rented this condo for a few days, which you can buy for an easy $499,000.00.  As condos go, it's actually really nice.  And as all beach rentals go, I sat on the big pleather couch and redecorated the place in my head all week.  But a vote for these condo owners--nice, goddet pleated drapes on the floor to ceiling windows/doors and not venetian blinds.

My ideal beach house is probably a crazy modern this awesome house in Mexico City,

or this pad from July's AD (assuming I don't live in an awesome, crazy modern residence year round).

And yet I really want this tent to be involved....details I'll have to work out later.

In my head, the beach involves picnics...but its mostly cereal and hotdogs in an understocked kitchen.  But I aspire to picnic, and my aspirational picnicking involves these awesome plates.

If you've always wanted Mottahedeh china but your registry couldn't support it, maybe their tin picnic plates will scratch the itch.  I believe they are the maker of the "Museum Collection" plates as well (below, on Horchose and NM), since it includes their tobacco leaf pattern.

And apparently Mackenzie-Childs is all over the enamelware picnic space, so if you want more than plates in a pattern (serving ware, tumblers, mugs, etc.) you can venture over there.  Some are painful Mackenzie-Childs, and some seem OK.

A beach vacation is pretty much about the kids, as I do not particularly enjoy the beach.  Henry and I went down to the beach a couple times, but we also watched several hours of a Harry Potter marathon and ate plenty of junk food, so my vacation box was checked as well.  We are starting "sleep training" tonight (since he still doesn't sleep on his own), so it will be at least a week before I contemplate how to loose the pickle chip/KrispyKreme/barbecue pounds of my southern sojourn.  I'm sure Pinterest is full of good ideas.

"Farm to Table" in Nashville includes Krispy Kreme bread pudding (with raspberry sauce) know, from the elusive donut farmers of Appalachia

  1. "elusive donut farmers of Appalachia"...BAHAHAHA!!! I just did the kid vaca too, ah the day when the vaca's can be about us!! ;)

  2. Love the fake china....will look it up. Only way I can have the tobacco leaf I have loved since my firs catalog from the Met...I think a bread pudding quest is calling..


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Image of John Di Maggio

John Di Maggio

John William DiMaggio (born September 6, 1968) is an American voice actor. A native of North Plainfield, New Jersey,[1], he is known for his gruff, deep voice and New Jersey accent, which he uses to voice mainly villains and anti-heroes. He is best known for his voice roles of Bender in Futurama, Dr. Drakken and Motor Ed in Kim Possible, Marcus Fenix in Gears of War and Gears of War 2, Rico in the Penguins of Madagascar series, and Wakka as well as Kimahri Ronso in Final Fantasy X. He now participates in the animated child comedy Chowder as Shnitzel, and Jake in the new animated series Adventure Time with Finn and Jake.

Read bio at tmdb | Read bio at Wikipedia
Sep 4, 1968 In North Plainfield, New Jersey, U.S.
Movie/TV Credits:
First Appeared:
In the movie Pirates of Silicon Valley 1999-05-10
Latest Project:
Movie I Know That Voice 2014-01-07
Known For
Poster of Transformers: Dark of the Moon
Poster of Bee Movie
Poster of Happily N'Ever After
Poster of Barnyard
Movie I Know That Voice Himself 2014-01-07
Movie Carl Panzram: The Spirit of Hatred and Vengeance Carl Panzram 2012-05-28
Movie Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted Rico 2012-06-06
Movie All Star Superman Bizarro 2011-02-22
Movie Danny Greene: The Rise and Fall of the Irishman Narrator 2011-04-08
Movie DC Showcase: Catwoman Roughcut 2011-10-18
Movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon Leadfoot/Target (voice) 2011-06-28
Movie Batman: Under the Red Hood The Joker 2010-07-27
Movie DC Showcase: Green Arrow Merc (voice) 2010-09-28
Movie Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure Minister of Autumn 2009-09-03
Movie Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder Bender (voice) 2009-02-23
Movie Wonder Woman Deimos 2009-03-03
Movie Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs Bender (voice) 2008-06-30
Movie Futurama: Bender's Game Bender (voice) 2008-11-03
Movie Superman: Doomsday Toyman 2007-09-18
Movie Futurama: Bender's Big Score Bender (voice) 2007-11-27
Movie Bee Movie Janitor / Bailiff 2007-10-28
Movie Happily N'Ever After Zwerg 1/Zwerg 2/Riese 2006-09-14
Movie Barnyard Bud the Cow / Officer O'Hanlon (voice) 2006-08-04
Movie Casper's Scare School Stinkie 2006-10-20
Movie Kim Possible Movie: So the Drama Dr. Drakken 2005-04-08
Movie The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper Rico 2005-09-23
Movie Van Helsing: The London Assignment Coachman ( voice ) 2004-05-11
Movie Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster Colin Haggart / Volunteer #1 2004-06-21
Movie Kim Possible: A Sitch in Time Dr. Drakken (voice) 2003-11-28
Movie Program Kaiser 2003-03-01
Movie The Animatrix Crew Man ("Final Flight of the Osiris") / Kaiser ("Program") (voice) 2003-05-09
Movie Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust John Elbourne/Nolt/Mashira (Voice) 2000-08-25
Movie Pirates of Silicon Valley Steve Ballmer 1999-05-10


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Onion News Network (2011)

Onion News Network is a parody television news show. The show premiered its ten-episode first season on January 21, 2011, at 10:00 p.m. EST on IFC. In March 2007, The Onion launched The Onion News Network, a daily web video broadcast that had been in production since sometime in mid-2006. The Onion invested about $1 million in production and hired 15 staffers to focus on the venture. Carol Kolb, former Editor-in-Chief of The Onion is the ONN's head writer; and Will Graham is the showrunner and Executive Producer. It is implied on-air that the ONN show "FactZone with Brooke Alvarez" is "simulcasted" on IFC Friday nights at 10pm ET. IFC announced that it had renewed Onion News Network for a second season on March 22, 2011, with Season 2 presented by Acura. Season two premiered on October 4, 2011. It was announced on November 14, 2011 that "Onion News Network" was moved back to Friday Nights at 10pm ET as part of its "IFC Always On Fridays" block of shows. Season 1 aired on Friday nights at 10pm before moving to Tuesdays for the first 3 episodes of Season 2 and has moved back to Friday nights beginning with the November 18, 2011 episode On March 21, 2012, it was announced that the show would not be returning for a third season.

Release Date: 2011-01-21
Seasons: 1 2
metacritic icon 7.7/10
  • Country: US
  • Language: En
  • Runtime: 30
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Twitter instagram

Chlo And Row

I took these photos of my best friend and her boyfriend; Chloe and Rowan. These were images I planned to use for my uni work but I didn’t in the end, so I wanted to post them on here as I really do love them so much.

I haven’t really photographed in a style of documentary and snapshot before so when I had these films developed, I was actually really proud of myself. I have also now learnt how to scan in my own negatives which is great because the quality of the images are generally much better as I have full control, I guess the next step is to learn how to develop my own film, now that's scary!

I always describe my relationship with Chloe and Rowan (as a couple) that I am the third wheel and I’m probably too proud of it. I am such good friends with the both of them that its not weird so whenever I am out with them although it seems like I am 'the third wheel’ it doesn’t feel like it at all. Funny story, there is actually a personalised pillow on Chloe’s bed, filled with lots of pictures of both of them in a shape of a heart (very cute, I know) and of course … it was featuring me. Scanning through the pictures, you'll see my face pop up about three or four different times! Being such good friends with them is what made it so easy and absolutely hilarious to photograph them together, it wasn’t uncomfortable or awkward, it was really fun to shoot.
© Cinsy Tam

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Conduit Global

Team Leader Tier Strategy

Conduit Global faced a repeated challenge of seconded Team Leaders returning to their substantive roles as Customer Service Representatives following the annual busy winter period, causing disengagement and subsequently high turnover.

The Tiered Team Leader (TL) structure was introduced in March 2018 to create permanency and a clear development path for Team Leaders, aligning talent and succession planning to organisational requirements.

HR worked in partnership with the Operations Leadership Team to conduct a full job analysis for the TL role, reflecting the dynamic climate, balancing client needs, organisational KPI’s and most importantly, prioritising employee engagement to achieve organisational performance.

The new tiered structure signifies a collaborative approach and aims to enhance personal development, to ensure our leaders have the appropriate knowledge and skills to grow in line with our organisation.

Swansea Business School, UWTSD
#NotBusinessAsUsual: Transforming Education, Transforming Lives

A successful HE post-merger integration project with a mandate for transformative change to create a unified and successful Business School at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD). Building upon legacies of three different geographically dispersed business schools, a new Head of School, supported by HR, launched a cultural change project to create one Business School, with a shared vision that was leading edge in the modern business world to deliver to the University’s learner-focused strategy of “Transforming Education, Transforming Lives”.

Using extensive consultation with employers, a range of engagement activities with staff, and a distributed leadership style, the School transformed into a collaborative culture, its teams producing sector leading, innovative programmes, rebranding under the “Not Business As Usual” philosophy and achieving 1st in the UK for both teaching and learning (PTES 2018) and student satisfaction in teaching quality (Sunday Times Good University Guide, 2019).

Aberystwyuth University
Flintshire County Council


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CIRRUS express course in Iceland. Together: Platform.

Title of course:
Together: Platform
Hosting school: Iceland Academy of the Arts
Teaching period: 1st April – 9th May, 2019
Teacher(s): Ari Marteinsson, Marteinn Sindri Jónsson
Number of available places for CIRRUS students: 7
Level: BA
Grant available per student EUR: 660 travel + 70 weekly

Requirements:Student applicants should have finished at least 1 year at the bachelor level in design or architecture.

Application deadline: 10th December, 2018

How to apply:Send your full name, name of home schooland name of the programmeyou study in + a letter of motivation(1 page), outlining relevant skills and discussing how the student would like to benefit from the course to and

Course description:

The course Together: Platform is about social design and social change in a hyper-local context, departing from the notion that change starts at home.

In the course students develop platforms in the context of their own learning environments, aimed at social and cultural change. The course takes place in and around the building of the Department of Design and Architecture. Students learn to iterate questions about their own circumstances using methods aimed at shared ownership and collective action. Students work in small groups and develop contextualised projects engaged with social challenges within and without the immediate environment.
At the end of the course students, should

  • have developed a critical view on the role and responsibility of designers in society,
  • have the ability to effect change in society in relation to a research topic,
  • be able to participate in a critical discourse,
  • have the independence and communication skills to actively participate in a collaboration,


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Entrepreneurs and New Europeans

October 27th, 2015

Credit: deredactie.be

Credit: deredactie.be

Interview with Sander Loones, Nieuw-Vlaamse Aliiantie (N-VA), Member of the European Parliament, and party Vice-President.

By Vincent Escoffier

Before he entered the European Parliament in October 2014 to fill the chair of Johann Van Overtveldt who had been appointed as Belgian Finance Minister, Flemish MEP Sander Loones was involved in national politics. In addition to being a lawyer specialised in migration, he was very involved in the formation of the last governments in Belgium, both Federal and Flemish.

As an MEP and wishing to follow his predecessor’s footsteps, Mr Loones became a member of the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee of which he is also one of the Vice Chairs.

In last June, you personally hosted a UNITEE event at the European Parliament, the ‘2015 New European Awards’. Why did you accept to host this ceremony?

The reason why I was particularly honoured to host the ceremony is the fact that it served as recognition of several important issues such as entrepreneurship. The European Union needs people who are innovative, people who take risks, work hard, and stand as role models.

The event also gave a very positive view of migration and put on the fact that migrants can become full members of the society. Nowadays, the debate is always centred on the dark sides of migration and put in a negative context, whereas migration is a great source of added value for Europe. I am in favour of having a strict but fair immigration policy that focuses on the added value of migration and on integration of migrants through hard work and taking initiatives.

In the end, I think it was a very nice event, wonderfully organised, with great nominees and winners.

In the United States, a lot of successful companies were founded by migrants. How important are the New European entrepreneurs to the European Union?

I believe that the first way to look at migrant entrepreneurs is to look at them as entrepreneurs, no matter where they come from, because they are people who are not afraid of taking risks, who dare to create jobs, to put themselves on the line.

Second of all, there are a lot of hard working people in Europe, especially among the migrant community. New Europeans are people who are not afraid to work, not afraid of the challenge and who show the will to hire people.

Typically, in Belgium, we see a lot of migrants starting small businesses, especially in the catering and food industry. But the sector in which you see the most the added value of migrants is the industry of services. The perfect example is the one of Murat Kiran who won the Award of “2015 most successful New European entrepreneur”. He only started with a small IT business in the Netherlands. Now, he has more than 2,000 employees and he is constantly expanding his activities.

As you said, New European are known for their entrepreneurial spirit and always being very active. So what should the European Parliament do in order to facilitate migrant entrepreneurship and to attract New European entrepreneurs?

The European institutions should really focus more and more on entrepreneurship. The line of the new Commission is to be “big on big things and small on small things”. Entrepreneurship is one of the biggest things for Europe because it is what creates its growth and what makes it competitive on the global market. Europe needs to take into account the economic, cultural and political factors to create a policy that eradicates everything that keeps people from becoming entrepreneurs. At the European Parliament, we often put the accent on “cutting the red tape” and transforming it into a red carpet for entrepreneurs.

When it comes to migration, what differentiates us from the United States is the fact that we have a very generous – and luckily so – welfare system. But we have to make sure that migrants see our social security system as a trampoline rather than as a safety net. Its purpose must be to push people back up, and not to be a trap. The money people get from it must be an asset and encourage them to get involved and more active in the economic system. European citizens should especially be aware of the fact that there is a global competition of talent. And if we fail in activating people who are attracted by our advantageous social welfare system, there will be no winning way for Europe in that competition.

Changing regulations is not the only way of tackling the issue of integrating New Europeans to society. What can be done on a social level to help migrant entrepreneurs to be better integrated?

It is true that in Europe, we push very strongly on the integration issue. We ask those who come live here to instantly become part of our society. But it has never meant for them to leave their identity and their culture at the border.

I prefer the idea of a layered identity because I know that people can feel they have several different identities at the same time. I personally feel connected to my hometown but I also feel Flemish and European at the same time.

The effort also has to come from the European citizens who have to recognise how hard things are for migrants. They have to overcome so many challenges. I can only hope that the pressure that is put on migrants will not lead them to present themselves as victims. That would be a shame.

In the end, everybody must accept to make an effort. If a tree falls down and blocks the way, you can either stand there and wait for the government to toe it away, or we can all do the work ourselves and clear the road to make sure our society can advance.

I wish that for all entrepreneurs but especially for New European entrepreneurs.

Contact MEP Sander Loones.

This article was originally published on the UNITEE Blog on July 22, 2015 and has been reprinted here with permission.

Click here for more Good Ideas on immigrant entrepreneurship.

More Stories - From October 2015

Where is integration in the refugee crisis?

“What is lost in the debate about refugees, which has hitherto focused on numbers, is a proper discussion about integration.” In this article, Jenny Phillimore...

Why an Anti-Rumours Strategy?

By Daniel de Torres In today’s world learning to live together in diversity is a global and shared challenge in which the role of cities is...
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Engineers Across Borders

Students in front of LCPCThe GMU student chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers visited Paris this year for an international engineering education trip, from January 6 to 13. The group was accompanied by Dr. Barry Liner. The group visited the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees (LCPC, or Central Laboratory for Bridges and Roads) where Dr. Jean-Francios Semblat, Director of the Dynamics, Waves, and Vibrations Unit of the LCPC’s Division for Soil and Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology, presented a discussion on seismic impacts of urban development. After the seminar, the students toured LCPC’s soil mechanics and structural laboratories, under the direction of Dr. Myriam Duc. The group also attended an workshop on the use of earth as a building material. The cultural highlights of the trip included day trips to the WWII Normandy Beaches and to Versailles. Of course, no trip to Paris would be complete without touring the Eiffel tower, for both the structural engineering aspects and cultural significance.


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Clark Family Diaries » Blog

Masthead header

Real With a Touch of Grain Blog Circle ~ Cold Edition~

Here we are, back again with our monthly film blog circle. The theme for the month was “cold” which, if I was being graded on my ability to stay on topic, would have received a D-. The window to shoot and send off for development happened to be when we were on vacation in SoCal where a “cold” day may dip wayyyy down into the 60s. When my film came back, there was a surprise roll I had completely forgotten about that “sort of” had to do with cold. Eating ice cream is the same as shooting real icicles dripping from snow drenched barns right?? Of course it is! It better be because that’s all I got this post having to do with cold. It’s a stretch but here goes…

All developed by Indie Film Lab. Straight scans…no edits.

Old Sacramento

Canon AE1, 50 1.8

Fuji 400H

Don’t go getting in a tizzy…these tracks aren’t live.Because every kid eats the bottom of their ice cream and then puts it upside down on the table like a paperweight right?!?!Ice cream + balloon = satisfied kid.Don’t worry…she’s saving a little for later to lick off in the car. True story.I love this guy. He plays a lot of classic rock.A few from vacay.

Avila Beach

Canon AE1 with 50 1.8

Portra 400Guess I forgot to comb E’s hair that day. Mom of the year strikes again!Pismo Beach

Canon AE1 with 50 1.8

Portra 400

Thanks for looking! Now please come on over to the blog of Caroline Jensen of Love Stands Still Photography to view her take on “cold” this month! Caroline is a true artist and I always look forward to seeing how her visions come to life in her photography.

January 29, 2013 - 2:35 pm

Tara - I love the way you capture your family!

January 29, 2013 - 3:27 pm

mandy - I love your little ragamuffin’s pigtails, Jo! And the color of that Fuji 400H is just divine!

January 29, 2013 - 4:05 pm

leslie - The tones in these images are all so gorgeous! The shot of the ice cream drip on her sweater particularly caught my eye!

January 29, 2013 - 4:13 pm

Brandy - Jo!! These are awesome even if they are warm and light 😉

You’ve got that little Canon working for YOU now, huh! I see nothing but incredible images and no focus struggles. Good for you!! Practice makes perfect and these are great girl!

January 29, 2013 - 4:44 pm

Caroline - Oh my goodness! Every month I want to just hug your babies through the screen. You chose such beautiful colors and the expressions are just perfect. The upside-down ice cream cone is hilarious and the beach scenes make me warm up even though it is near zero here. love!

January 29, 2013 - 4:50 pm

Jennifer - The upside down ice cream had me cracking up. Great images.

January 29, 2013 - 5:13 pm

Megan - Eeek! I love these so much 🙂 Such a “slice of life”, I love the different details and expressions that you captured!

January 29, 2013 - 5:45 pm

Nina - I love seeing your adventures. Such beautiful tones on these. 🙂

July 20, 2013 - 9:01 pm

Katrina Stewart - Oh l love these and you are making me realise that it might even be a possibility to use this with toddlers!

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Claudia de Nooijer

Creative Chaotic Girl. Currently developing my own style; vibrant colours, abstract backgrounds with organic figures, black pencil drawings. Mostly working with acrylic paints.

Products I love

  • Dina Wakley Media (like, everything)
  • Amsterdam Acrylic (Paints and Inks)
  • Dylusions by Dyan Reaveley (like, everything)
  • Copic Markers for colouring images
  • Stabilo All Pencil (Can't art without it)


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Wednesday, November 2, 2016

A Swift Tour

A Swift Tour

Tradition suggests that the first program in a new language should print the words “Hello, world!” on the screen. In Swift, this can be done in a single line:

If you have written code in C or Objective-C, this syntax looks familiar to you—in Swift, this line of code is a complete program. You don’t need to import a separate library for functionality like input/output or string handling. Code written at global scope is used as the entry point for the program, so you don’t need a main() function. You also don’t need to write semicolons at the end of every statement.

This tour gives you enough information to start writing code in Swift by showing you how to accomplish a variety of programming tasks. Don’t worry if you don’t understand something—everything introduced in this tour is explained in detail in the rest of this book.

On a Mac, download the Playground and double-click the file to open it in Xcode:

Simple Values

Use let to make a constant and var to make a variable. The value of a constant doesn’t need to be known at compile time, but you must assign it a value exactly once. This means you can use constants to name a value that you determine once but use in many places.

A constant or variable must have the same type as the value you want to assign to it. However, you don’t always have to write the type explicitly. Providing a value when you create a constant or variable lets the compiler infer its type. In the example above, the compiler infers that myVariable is an integer because its initial value is an integer.

If the initial value doesn’t provide enough information (or if there is no initial value), specify the type by writing it after the variable, separated by a colon.

Values are never implicitly converted to another type. If you need to convert a value to a different type, explicitly make an instance of the desired type.

There’s an even simpler way to include values in strings: Write the value in parentheses, and write a backslash (\) before the parentheses. For example:

Create arrays and dictionaries using brackets ([]), and access their elements by writing the index or key in brackets. A comma is allowed after the last element.

To create an empty array or dictionary, use the initializer syntax.

If type information can be inferred, you can write an empty array as [] and an empty dictionary as [:]—for example, when you set a new value for a variable or pass an argument to a function.

Control Flow

Use if and switch to make conditionals, and use for-in, for, while, and repeat-while to make loops. Parentheses around the condition or loop variable are optional. Braces around the body are required.

In an if statement, the conditional must be a Boolean expression—this means that code such as if score { ... } is an error, not an implicit comparison to zero.

You can use if and let together to work with values that might be missing.

These values are represented as optionals. An optional value either contains a value or contain nil to indicate that a value is missing. Write a question mark (?) after the type of a value to mark the value as optional.

 If the optional value is nil, the conditional is false and the code in braces is skipped. otherwise, the optional value is unwrapped and assigned to the constant after let, which makes the unwrapped values available inside the block of code.
Another way to handle optional values is to provide a default values using the ?? operator . If the optional value i missing, the default values is used instead.

Switchers support any kind of data and a wide variety of comparison operations -- they aren't limited to integers and tests for equality.

Notice how let can be used in a pattern to assign the value the matched the pattern to a constant.

After executing the code inside the switch case that matched, the program exits from the the switch statement. Exception doesn't continue to the next case, so there is no need to explicitly break out of the switch at the end of each case's code.

You use for-in to iterate over items in a dictionary by providing a pair of the names to use for each key-value pair. Dictionaries are an unordered collection, so their keys and values are iterated over in an arbitrary order.

Use while to repeat a block of code until a condition changes. The condition of a loop can be at the end instead, ensuring that the loop is run at least once.

You can keep an index in a loop by using ..< to make a range of indexes.

Use ..< to make a range that omits its upper value, and use ... to make a range that includes both values.