text:
National Study of Child Protective Services Systems and Reform Efforts: Summary Report

National Study of Child Protective Services Systems and Reform Efforts

Summary Report

U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesChildrens BureauAdministration on Children, Youth and FamiliesAdministration for Children and Families

andOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation

May 2003

This report is available on the Internet at:

  1. Introduction
  2. Screening and Triage
  3. Investigation
  4. Collaboration with Law Enforcement
  5. Alternatives to Investigation
  6. Collaboration in Providing Services
  7. Looking Toward the Future

The U.S. Congress and legislatures in every State have established a public mandate to protect children from abuse and neglect.(1) Public child welfare agencies, of which child protective services (CPS) agencies are a part, are responsible for accepting referrals alleging child abuse and neglect, determining if the child has been  or is at risk of being  maltreated, and providing services to protect them.

The purpose of CPS is to provide a prompt, effective response to children who are in need of protection. We must have the capacity to serve children and families who clearly require attention. Patricia Schene Child Welfare Consultant

While there is considerable literature on the etiology, conditions, and consequences of child maltreatment, the literature on the organization and functions of the agencies that deliver CPS is sparse. The 2-year National Study of Child Protective Services Systems and Reform Efforts project aimed at addressing this gap in knowledge. The National Study was conducted to establish a snapshot of CPS throughout the country as of 2001.(2) Special attention was given to newly emerging or improved services for abused and neglected children and their families. In addition to a literature review, the National Study conducted an analysis of written CPS policy in all States and the District of Columbia, a survey of the practices of 300 randomly selected local CPS agencies, and site visits to some of the agencies that had reported innovative practices in the local agency survey.  The three reports  Literature Review, Review of State CPS Policy, and Findings on Local CPS Practices  are available on the Internet.(3)

This paper summarizes key findings on practice and policy, and changes being undertaken, which were identified during the National Study. Topics include background information, screening and triage, investigation, collaboration with law enforcement, alternatives to investigation, collaboration in providing services, and looking toward the future. These findings were discussed at a symposium of persons knowledgeable of CPS policies and practices and their observations are included in this paper.

Symposium Attendees
David Berns, CO Elizabeth Brandes, NC Zeinab Chahine, NY Jim Clark, FL Betty Wade Coyle, VA Mary Dibble, WI Denise Gonzales, IL David Heaton, IA Elizabeth Humphrey, CA Rita Katzman, VA Rosalyn Oreskovich, WA Frances Rembert, OH Nancy Rollins, NH David Sanders, MN Patricia Schene, CO Kathryn Simms, OK Esther Wattenberg, MN Rhonda Wheeler, GA

Organizations Represented at the Symposium

American Humane American Public Human Services Association American Bar Association Child Welfare League of America National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges National Conference of State Legislatures National Resource Center on Child Maltreatment

Tommy Thompson, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, declared The number of children who are being abused and neglected in this country is a daily tragedy.(4) During 2001, there were approximately 2.7 million referrals concerning 5 million children to CPS agencies by professionals and the public. Almost two-thirds of the calls were accepted for investigation or further assessment, while the remaining calls were screened-out as being inappropriate or better served by other agencies. CPS agencies conducted investigations or assessments for more than 3 million children, and 29 percent  approximately 900,000  children were found to be victims of maltreatment.(5) (See figure 1.)

Figure 1 Dispositions of Children Who Received an Investigation or Assessment in 2001

Figure 1 Dispositions of Children Who Received an Investigation or Assessment in 2001.

Source: Child Maltreatment 2001

The survey of local agencies indicated that there are approximately 2,610 CPS public agencies. Every county in the United States is served by its own local CPS agency or shares an agency with one or more other counties. During 2001, there were an estimated 42,600 CPS caseworkers and supervisors (including part-time staff) in these agencies. Agencies ranged in size from less than 4 caseworkers to more than 17 caseworkers. Most caseworkers had a bachelors degree; some had advanced degrees such as a Masters of Social Work.

The local agency survey indicated that for approximately one-quarter of agencies, recent changes focused on infrastructure. Such changes included how staff are organized to provide services, the implementation of information systems, and the development of new training. These are important tools to address tensions between public expectations and available resources. Particularly in large agencies, issues of efficiency and attention to management information systems can be viewed as strategies to address workload constraints and the improvement of services.

[Go To Contents]

Screening and Triage

More than 25 years ago, the passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) resulted in most States implementing legislation that requires citizens and professionals to report cases of suspected child abuse and neglect to a designated public agency. Screening and triage of these referrals is the first core function of CPS because the process determines if the agency will conduct an investigation or assessment of the allegation (screened-in referrals) or not (screened-out referrals) and what type of response should be offered (triage). Decisions related to screened-in referrals are concerned with the type and urgency of investigation or assessment that will be conducted; decisions related to screened-out referrals consider if other appropriate agencies should be notified.Almost all State policies specifically referred to the statutory definitions of child abuse and neglect when identifying what types of referrals should be screened in.

In addition to the four major types of maltreatment  neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional maltreatment  some State policies identified other specific conditions that would be screened in.  Such conditions included children younger than 13 years with sexually transmitted diseases, families who had another child removed by the child welfare agency and had a new baby, sexually aggressive youth, a referral by specific mandated reporters, and women who used drugs during pregnancy.

The role of screening is to decide if it is an appropriate case for CPS. David Sanders, Director of Los Angeles Department of Children and Families

The survey of local agencies found that referrals were received from statewide or local hotlines. The screening process included additional activities. Automated information systems enabled local agencies to review existing CPS records on either the child or the perpetrator. In some cases, additional information may be sought from other persons. (See Figure 2.)

Figure 2. Screening Activities

Figure 2 Screening Activities.

Source: Local Agency Survey

There was significant variation among States as to how quickly workers were required to make a response to a screened-in referral. Eighteen States specified one timeframe, most within 1 or 3 days. Twelve States specified two timeframes  one for high-priority referrals and one for low-priority referrals. Twenty-one States made finer distinctions. For example, one States policies specified that the response to high-priority referrals should commence within 124 hours of receipt of the referral, within 272 hours for intermediate referrals, and within 37 calendar days for low-priority referrals. The actual determination of priority was commonly made by the local agency.

States policies also considered conditions that would not be appropriate to address through CPS. Families seeking housing, concerns about animals, some types of health issues, and issues related to adults, would be eligible for screening out. Other common reasons for screening out calls were that the allegation did not meet the State definition of abuse or neglect, the perpetrator was not a caregiver, or the child could not be located. Some States had policies for screening out children who had a low-risk of maltreatment. States differed greatly in their definitions of what was considered low-risk, and the methods for assessing low-risk during the screening process.

The majority of State and local agencies had policies and procedures for referring screened-out reports to the police or sheriffs office, another part of the child welfare agency, or to a local community agency based upon the nature of the allegation. For some States, diverting a referral to a local community agency meant that an offer of services would be made to the family, which the family could accept or not.

Several local agencies indicated that they had made recent changes or were planning to make changes to screening practices by increasing the use of additional tools by screening workers and by increasing training of potential reporters of abuse or neglect.

Innovations in Screening Practices

  • Using additional tools during screening process.
  • Increasing consistency of screening by centralizing screening or using specialized staff.
  • Conducting internal audits of questionable screen-outs.
  • Educating reporters as to how to report, what criteria to consider, and what other options are available to reporters.
  • Analyzing data on screened-out referrals to determine patterns of reporting or re-reporting.
  • Improving cross-agency and cross-jurisdictional relationships.

Screening practices are important to many advocates for an improved CPS system. Some suggest that more restrictive screening protocols will result in some cases being overlooked and ultimately in poorer outcomes for children. Others maintain that given the high proportions of screened-in referrals that are found not be substantiated, screening should be more stringent. While this study could not determine whether or not screening was being appropriately conducted, it did find that:

  • All State CPS agencies had policies on screening;
  • Significant resources were being applied to this activity;
  • There was considerable variation across States and at the local level in the specificity of which cases would require an investigation or assessment by the CPS agency;
  • Some experts find that the variation in screening practices may be appropriate because local conditions, resources, and policies vary; and
  • Many agencies were attempting to connect children and families with other agencies, even if CPS did not accept the referral.

[Go To Contents]

It is difficult to make an assessment when workers cannot talk to the principal parties directly or at the time of referral because it is a potential criminal case situation. Fran Rembert Section Chief, Protective Services, Ohio Department of Job and Family Services

Traditionally, CPS agencies have responded to screened-in allegations of abuse and neglect by conducting an investigation of the childs family environment. The goals of conducting an investigation are ambitious  to determine if a child can safely live with his or her family, whether abuse or neglect has occurred, whether other children in the family are also victims of abuse or neglect, and whether there is a risk for future abuse or neglect. In other words, CPS workers have the difficult tasks of figuring out what has happened and predicting what will happen.

The majority of State policies specified that investigations require a determination of whether abuse or neglect has occurred or the child is at risk of maltreatment; a plan to assess and protect the child; and a determination of the need for services. Very few States identified that investigations were intended to maintain the family.

The focus of the investigation policy in most States was on whether or not abuse or neglect had occurred  with some State investigation policies also explicitly addressing whether the child was at risk of abuse or neglect in the future. Assessments of imminent safety and risk of harm in the future were commonly included in policy directives. About one-half of the States also specified that determining the need for services was a purpose of the investigation or assessment.

States used different criteria for accepting that an allegation can be founded or substantiated. (See figure 3.) Almost one-half of the States used relatively high standards of evidence, such as preponderance or clear and convincing. Other States use lower standards such ascredible, reasonable, or probable cause. About one-fifth of the State policies did not explicitly provide the standard of evidence.

Figure 3Standards of Evidence for Substantiation

Figure 3 Standards of Evidence for Substantiation.

   Source: Review of State CPS Policy

State policies also differed in the timeframes for completing an investigation. (See figure 4.) Four States (8%) required investigations to be completed within 2 weeks; 20 States (39%) required investigations be completed within a 24 week timeframe; and 23 States (45%) allowed for longer timeframes.

Figure 4 Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Figure 4 Timeframes for Completing Investigations.

Source: Review of State CPS Policy

There was a great deal of commonality among local agencies in investigation activities. When asked whether procedures would always, sometimes, rarely, or never be followed, more than two-thirds of agencies in the Nation were estimated to always include the following activities during an investigation:

  • Consider the severity the case;
  • Consider required standards of evidence;
  • Review prior CPS records;
  • Interview or formally observe children;
  • Interview caregivers;
  • Consult with available clinicians, domestic violence specialists, substance abuse specialists, and child fatality teams;
  • Notify the perpetrator, if abuse or neglect was founded; and
  • Add the perpetrators name to the Central Registry.

There was, however, less commonality on other critical investigation parameters. Between 34 to 65 percent of agencies agreed that the following activities were always conducted:

  • Consider the service needs of the family;
  • Consider the willingness of the parent to cooperate;
  • Interview additional family members;
  • Interview witnesses;
  • Interview reporters;
  • Visit family without an appointment;
  • Interview professionals known to the family;
  • Obtain and preserve physical evidence;
  • Remove the child if harmed or in danger of harm; and
  • Access forensic specialists, child advocacy centers, hospital-based, sexual abuse trauma centers, and citizen CPS review teams.

Agency surveys indicated that there were many barriers to completing investigations. More than two-thirds of agencies always or sometimes had difficulties in the following areas:

  • Locating the family;
  • Spending sufficient time with the family;
  • Determining what has happened or what might happen;
  • Having sufficient time to make a good determination; and
  • Obtaining the necessary expertise from professionals.

Many local agencies reported recent changes in investigation practices including revising their interagency protocols, clarifying parental rights concerns, and changes to the collaboration with law enforcement.

Innovations in Investigation Practices

  • Revising interagency child abuse protocols to clarify the roles and responsibilities of the different agencies.
  • Including analysis of critical incidents, such as fatalities, in training of workers.
  • Using community-based review teams to provide investigation feedback and to determine system-related issues.
  • Resolving parental rights issues with hospitals concerned about testing newborns for drugs.
  • Improving collaboration with law enforcement.

[Go To Contents]

Collaboration with Law Enforcement

The survey of local agencies found that for certain forms of maltreatment  such as being at-risk of physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or emotional maltreatment; moderate neglect; moderate or severe emotional maltreatment; and lack of supervision, abandonment, or drug- exposed infants  the CPS agency was usually the lead agency. However, CPS agencies shared responsibility for the more severe forms of maltreatment.  Less than one-third of CPS agencies shared responsibility or were the lead agency for investigating moderate or severe sexual abuse, severe physical abuse, and child fatalities with other agencies, primarily law enforcement. (See figure 5.)

Figure 5 CPS as the Lead Agency

Figure 5: CPS as the Lead Agency.

Source: Local Agency Survey

Social workers are driven by the needs of families; law enforcement and others place greater evidence on gathering evidence of maltreatment by caretakers. Esther Wattenberg, Professor, School of Social Work and Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota

Law enforcement has traditionally assisted with the removal of children from the home during an investigation. Indeed, policies in most localities stipulated that only members of the police or sheriffs office could remove children. Nationally, it is estimated that during 2001, 21 percent of victims were removed during or as an immediate result of an investigation, with State-level percentages ranging from 6 percent to 49 percent.(6) Thus, law enforcement may be involved often with CPS. In addition, there are emerging areas of cooperation between the two agencies including cases involving domestic violence and substance abuse.

Sixteen percent of agencies were either considering implementing changes or had implemented changes in working with law enforcement agencies. This may be a reflection of the increased attention to family privacy concerns, due process issues, and the rehabilitation versus deterrence continuum. It may involve a recognition that law enforcement is better able than CPS to address the issue of evidence gathering especially for certain forms of maltreatment, or that law enforcement has an increasing investment in community protection issues that involve maltreatment. Finally, a more precise specification of the arrangement between law enforcement and CPS may help CPS agencies to clarify and reemphasize their role in providing services to support families.

Agencies reported that they have made recent changes in how they work with law enforcement aimed at improving the sharing of information, colocation, and increasing training opportunities.

Changes in Working with Law Enforcement

  • Colocating of law enforcement and CPS staff to improve communication and shared responsibilities.
  • Sharing of information between law enforcement and CPS.
  • Increasing joint training with law enforcement.
  • Increasing training opportunities for law enforcement agencies.
  • Providing specialized skills to law enforcement agencies on cases of noncaregiver abuse.
  • Seeking legal counsel in addressing issues of    conflicting ethical values between social work practice and law enforcement practice.
  • Testing new ways of assigning cases, i.e., by precinct, to facilitate working with law enforcement.
  • Holding joint forensic interviews with children.
  • Developing multidisciplinary teams with law enforcement to address child sexual abuse cases.
  • Cross training with local juvenile and family court judges to develop protocols.

During the symposium, several experts stated that standards of due process rights of parents are being addressed with increased attention in the States. For example, families may receive written documentation that outlines their rights and explains why an investigation is being conducted, how information will be used, with whom the information will be shared, and the notification process. To support family rights, interviews may also be taped and the families provided with written transcripts.

There was general agreement among the symposium participants that due process is an important area, because of the potential for removing a child from his or her parents. However, there was also a concern that this process will result in a more adversarial investigations. Potentially, there may be a negative impact on building relationships with families, which would increase the difficulty of gathering information on the status of the child. The involvement of law enforcement in protection of children has been called a collision of two cultures.

During the symposium discussion that focused on the legal procedural aspects of investigation, a few participants raised an issue central to the future reform of CPS. This concern was discussed in terms of whether it is necessary to make a determination if an allegation is substantiated or not. One participant stated that workers should not substantiate cases if the family cooperated with the agency. She suggested that there may be little value in establishing that the allegation can be substantiated because it might alienate the family from the worker, who is trying to help the family. Some suggested that the role of CPS should be to return to conducting good social work and documenting what happened instead of focusing on reaching a disposition. Another participant asked Should we not be assessing for needs instead of assessing to determine disposition?

[Go To Contents]

Alternatives to Investigation

While most policies indicated that conducting a formal investigation as to whether a child has been or is at risk of being maltreated is a core function of CPS agencies, 20 States reported that they also had policies providing for an alternative response. Although the policy review indicated that in some States these program options were available only in demonstration or pilot sites, the local agency survey indicated that approximately two-thirds of local agencies (1,660 agencies) were conducting investigations and some alternative to investigation. Smaller agencies were more likely to be providing an alternative response than larger agencies.(See figure 6.)

Figure 6. States with Alternative Response Options

Figure 6 States with Alternative Response Options.

Source: State Policy Review

States policies indicated that these alternative response approaches were used with families who were at lower risk of harming their children or whose situations were less severe. Findings from the local agency survey indicated that more than half of the agencies would not provide alternative responses to cases of moderate or severe physical abuse, moderate or severe sexual abuse, severe neglect, status offenses, or child fatalities.

Most policy statements emphasized that the alternative response should be more family-oriented, less threatening or coercive, and more focused on services. Just under half of the States identified family preservation or family strengthening as a purpose. Some descriptions of alternative response objectives include the following:

  • To provide a response to physical abuse that is unfettered from criminal investigation and allows for services;
  • To provide a modified approach for families with low-risk conditions through community-based assessments;
  • To facilitate appropriate service responses for families who are not within the required mandate of CPS, but who would benefit from services;
  • To provide services without assigning blame; and
  • To provide preventive services before a CPS investigation is required.

In one site visit, the local agency had recently implemented an alternative response, which was used for children who were not in immediate danger. Three factors were used in determining whether an investigation or alternative response would be provided-the severity of the alleged maltreatment, the immediacy of child safety concerns, and overall family needs.

I am optimistic that this approach will look at and help families earlier. Rita Katzman CPS Program Manage, Virginia Department of Social Services

Alternative response options varied considerably among agencies that provided them. In some instances, policies allowed for more than one option, as discussed below.

  • Prevention, Investigation, and Assessment  State policies described a prevention track, which responded to cases with identified risk of child abuse or neglect factors. The investigation track was used to determine if abuse or neglect had occurred and promote the safety of the child. The assessment track was used for cases of less imminent danger and would evaluate family strengths and needs; it might also provide services to increase a familys ability to minimize risk to the child.
  • Resource Linkage, Investigation, Families in Need of Services, and Law Enforcement  This paradigm is somewhat similar. The resource linkage track would link families who did not meet the screening criteria to community resources. The investigation track would address moderate- or high-risk referrals with an emphasis on obtaining evidentiary information to support a disposition of founded or unfounded maltreatment. The family in need of services track would emphasize partnering the low risk families to develop a support network. The law enforcement track would accept cases of abuse that did not involve caregivers.

Among agencies with alternative response options, only one-fifth of the agencies had specialized workers conducting the alternative response. In 42 percent of agencies, workers who conducted an alternative response also conducted screening; in 59 percent of agencies, alternative response workers also conducted investigations. However, agencies conducted fewer alternative responses than investigations. Compared to an average of 43 investigations a month, agencies typically completed 16 alternative responses a month. Because of the overlap in workers, the numbers and qualifications of workers were not very different from the numbers and qualifications of investigation workers.

The survey of local agencies detected very little difference in the overall set of procedures that workers used to complete an alternative response compared to an investigation. Virtually any procedure that was required for investigations could also be conducted as part of an alternative response. However, workers had more autonomy in deciding what activities to conduct as part of the alternative response compared to the investigation response. The local agency survey found that more than two-thirds of agencies that provided an alternative response option had a shorter list of basic requirements. The list included:

  • Review prior CPS records;
  • Interview or formally observe child(ren);
  • Interview the caregiver(s); and
  • Consult with clinicians, domestic violence specialists, or substance abuse specialists, as needed.

The alternative response option was less focused on determining whether maltreatment had occurred, arranging for legal action, or recording information on perpetrators.

  • Less than one-half of the agencies would always notify a perpetrator of the results of an alternative response, compared to 85 percent of agencies conducting an investigation.
  • Approximately one-quarter of agencies would always obtain or preserve physical evidence during an alternative response, compared to 50 percent of agencies conducting an investigation.
  • About one-fifth of agencies would always conduct a criminal background check as part of an alternative response, compared to about one-third of agencies that would conduct such a check as part of an investigation. (See figure 7.)

Figure 7 Always-Conducted Activities

Figure 7: Always-Conducted Activities.

Source: Local Agency Survey

CPS agencies tended not to assume primary responsibility for maltreatment that was addressed under the alternative response. For example, less than 10 percent of agencies always had the lead responsibility for all types of maltreatment under alternative response, compared to 17 percent of agencies that always took the lead responsibility for investigation. Law enforcement was also less involved in the alternative response option than it was for investigation. Approximately 39 percent of agencies shared responsibilities with law enforcement under alternative response, compared to 84 percent of agencies that shared responsibility with law enforcement for investigation.

In general, fewer agencies identified specific barriers they faced when conducting an alternative response. Only predicting what might happen to a child was found to be an obstacle for completing an alternative response in a timely manner by more than two-thirds of agencies.

Many agencies with an alternative response indicated that improvements to their alternative response approach  including the possibility that cases can be transferred from alternative response to investigation and back, training workers to engage families, and assessing the community capacity to provide services  have been made recently.

Improvements to Alternative Response Practices

  • Ensuring that cases can move from investigation to alternative response or from alternative response to investigation after initial assignment.
  • Reviewing integrating CPS with other services, especially economic support services.
  • Assessing community capacity to support alternative response services.
  • Training workers on engaging families.
  • Reviewing workload of staff.
  • Recognizing that domestic violence may also be a safety issue.
  • Identifying specific and limited goals.

As noted above, almost two-thirds of all agencies have implemented some form of alternative response to a CPS investigation. The number of agencies engaged in alternative response exceeded most expectations. What is also clear is that alternative response is not one approach, nor does it emphasize only one goal. For some agencies, it means a less formal alternative with consequently less attention to the formalities of the investigation process, including due process and the role of law enforcement. For many agencies, it serves as an opportunity to engage families more openly and to introduce more prevention services.

The alternative response utilized assessments that focused on family needs and family strengths. (See the below listed references of evaluations of alternative response.) Services were provided under this family empowerment model.

Evaluations of Alternative Response

  • Institute of Applied Research. (2003, February). Minnesota Alternative Response Evaluation Second Annual Report: Executive Summary. St. Louis, MO: Author.
  • Institute of Applied Research. (1998, January). Missouri Child Protection Services Family Assessment and Response Demonstration Impact Evaluation: Digest of Findings and Conclusions. St. Louis, MO: Author.
  • Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services. (1999). Flexible Response Evaluation. Austin, TX: Author.
  • Virginia Department of Social Services. (1999). Final Report on the Multiple Response System for Child Protective Services in Virginia. Richmond, VA: Author.

[Go To Contents]

Collaboration in Providing Services

Approximately three-quarters of the States had policies requiring investigation workers to plan or assist with planning ongoing services. In 29 percent of agencies, the worker assisted a services worker with developing a service plan; in another 25 percent of agencies, the worker was a resource to the services worker. In 20 percent of agencies, workers would transfer cases for services with minimal involvement.

Twenty percent of agencies with alternative response required workers to assist with developing a service plan; in 16 percent of agencies the alternative response worker would be a resource for a service worker; and in 13 percent of agencies the worker would transfer the case with minimal involvement.

Agencies varied as to who would receive such services. (See figure 8.) Almost three-quarters of CPS agencies offered services regardless of the determination of the investigation; 15 percent of agencies offered services only if the referral was substantiated; and 11 percent of agencies did not offer any services at the conclusion of the investigation.

Figure 8 Provision of Services by CPS Agencies

Figure 8 Provision of Services by CPS Agencies.

Source: Local Agency Survey

In spite of this variation, there was some consistency in the services that were offered by CPS agencies. At least two-thirds of agencies providing either the investigation response or the alternative response were able to provide or arrange for parenting classes, grief counseling, marital counseling, family systems therapy, substance abuse programs, advocacy services, child care, and domestic violence services. Symposium participants also emphasized that at the postinvestigation phase, community partners could also include Medicaid, public health departments, and health care providers.

"Community collaboration occurs at different levels-the worker level, the community level, the system level, and at the State and National levels." Susan Christie Deputy Executive Director, American Public Human Services Association

Based on the local agency survey, more than one-half of the agencies had some type of arrangement to provide services via other agencies. Usually these arrangements were available with several agencies, including mental health providers, substance abuse treatment providers, and others.

About 20 to 30 percent of CPS agencies reported increased collaboration efforts with domestic violence, substance abuse agencies, and other agencies. Domestic violence and substance abuse have been recognized concerns among families whose children were maltreated, but difficult for CPS to address because of differences in philosophy and service approach. To engage other agencies in the process of defining and redefining needs and interventions requires that the CPS system suspend at least some of its philosophy and orientation. Furthermore, successful interaction with external agencies requires sustained efforts. This direction of change may indicate that CPS agencies are expanding their mandates within the community and recognizing that the needs of children and families cannot be addressed by CPS alone.

Local agencies reported many efforts directed at improving community collaboration. Types of improvement included using service needs data, focusing on outcomes, and introducing performance-based contracting.

Improvements in Community Collaboration

  • Using services need data in planning collaboration in service delivery.
  • Stipulating requirements for matching funds to be made available as part of the contract.
  • Requiring training on CPS of local community professionals.
  • Reducing the number of meetings to address collaboration.
  • Introducing performance based contracting setting measurable standards that must be achieved by the contracting agency.
  • Focusing on outcomes.

The site visits also revealed emphases on developing new patterns of collaboration for addressing domestic violence and substance abuse. One-half of the sites were working with specialized programs to assist domestic violence victims. Shelters were involved in developing safety plans for children and families. Memoranda of understanding were developed in a number of the sites. CPS agencies also were developing working relationships with drug courts to assure that families received services and complied with case plans.

One concern identified during the site visits was that community organizations may limit their involvement due to the high-risk nature of CPS (i.e., where the safety of children is at stake). In one mid-sized community, when the community raised concerns about the effectiveness of CPS, the CPS director directly challenged the community to become involved in delivery of services. Collaboration was explored in a series of forums that revealed many organizations were reluctant to get involved with cases in which children were severely maltreated or were at high-risk of future abuse. By working together for a number of years, concerns about delivering services related to safety and security were allayed and the community decided to play an active role in the CPS process.

CPS has a pivotal role in impacting the well-being of children and their families. We want a Nation in which every child can pursue his goals and dreams without fear of want or abuse. Our national priority is the prevention of child abuse and neglect. Joan Ohl,Commissioner of ACYF

[Go To Contents]

Looking Toward the Future

Child protective services is often described as the gateway to child welfare, because the majority of children who are served by child welfare are first identified through CPS referrals and assessed by CPS workers. The National Study demonstrated that CPS is more than a gateway. Rather, CPS is the bridge between child welfare and the public as it receives referrals from the public, is answerable to public opinion, and collaborates with community agencies either through diverting families in need to the community or by relying upon the expertise of other professionals. It is also tasked with addressing prevention of child abuse and neglect before cases are referred to the agency.

In functioning as a bridge, tensions that permeate child welfare services are first visible in the delivery of CPS. These tensions or competing interests include the following.

Different Visions of CPS Functions

There are competing ideas of whether CPS should primarily function as a service to assist families in meeting the needs of their children or as an agency assisting law enforcement to gather the evidence to punish parents who do not meet societal norms of caring for their children. While this may be seen as a continuum of response, certain points along the continuum are highly problematical for all parties. This tension is reflected in the concerns over the due process rights of caregivers and children. Furthermore, concerns regarding legal rights extend not only to families, perpetrators, and children, but also to workers and agencies. This concern is being met, in part, by the instituting of alternative responses, which are focused clearly on helping families to meet their responsibilities towards their children.

Competing Core Issues

While the mandate for CPS is to ensure the safety of the child, there are competing core issues at the local level. Some consider that because most of the several thousand families who need services in this county are poor, the challenge to CPS is to be fundamentally integrated with antipoverty programs. Others suggest that an emphasis on poverty alone cannot meet the psychological and social needs of children who have been maltreated. Another set of opposing views is that CPS should be an emergency response to crises facing children versus the view that many families cannot be patched up quickly and that CPS needs to work more closely with other service providers because of its expertise in the needs of children. A third perspective is that because of limited resources CPS agencies cannot widen the net and meet the needs of more families, but must consider whether it will be the agency of last resort. These tensions have not yet been resolved. However, the movement to increase collaboration with other agencies and to share responsibilities may improve the balancing act facing CPS.

Tension Between Public Expectations and Agency Mandate and Resources

Several participants identified a chasm between public expectations and the mandate and resources of child protective services agencies. Although there may be an expectation of an immediate response, the resources may not exist to provide a thorough and effective response for all children who are at-risk of being harmed. Addressing how the clarity of expectations can be improved was of central concern to many symposium participants. These experts suggested that improvement in this domain would require new approaches to communication and public relations, as well as increased dialogue with all collaborating agencies, State legislatures, and the public.

Desire for Consistency of Response While Meeting Community Standards

It is generally recognized that it would be desirable if CPS agencies operate consistently. However, there are barriers to consistency including differences in the level of resources, lack of clear laws and policy, and the competing desire for local autonomy of government functions. The outreach to additional panels and review teams, whether it be fatality review teams, citizen review panels, or external case reviews, is one means by which CPS agencies try to understand the standards of the community that they serve.

Based on the symposium discussion, there appears to be a new awareness of evidence-based input as a pathway for change. For example, the Childrens Bureau included two outcomes related to child protective services in the Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) Safety Assessment Profile. Two outcomes that are used for the CFSR are:

  • Reduce recurrence of maltreatment of victims of child abuse and neglect; and
  • Reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect in foster care.

Nevertheless, based on the site visits, there appears to be only limited efforts at applying such a framework to a wide range of changes. The question can be raised as to whether the tests of effective change and reform should be based on outcomes and also whether such tests are feasible. Can the CPS system shift from a reliance on philosophy and begin to routinely consider whether changes in policies and practices make a difference in terms of outcomes? Participants at the symposium suggested that perhaps the future challenge of CPS will be to determine if the variations among local agencies result in different outcomes. For example, if there is no observable difference in outcomes, flexibility and variation may be embraced; if there is a difference and some resulting outcomes are not acceptable, then the evidence-based approach may offer a strong impetus for more consistent reform efforts.

[Go To Contents]

1.  The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) [42 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.].

2.  The National Study of Child Protective Services Systems and Reform Efforts was conducted for the Childrens Bureau in the Administration for Children and Families and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, both in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Staff of Walter R. McDonald & Associates, Inc., in conjunction with staff of the American Humane Association, KRA Corporation, and Westat, Inc., comprised the Study Team, under contract number HHS-100-00-0017.

3.  The reports from this study are available from the Child Welfare Information Gateway and on the Internet at Unless otherwise noted all data cited in this paper are from the National Study.

4.  Press release from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. April 1, 2003.

5.  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. Child Maltreatment 2001. (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2003).

6.  Ibid.


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Truncated: length

WARC-Type: response

text:
Pinterest • The world’s catalogue of ideas

Explore Flag Shape, Sports Silicone and more!

Flag Shape Sports Silicone Mold

Sergio Rossi | Flora suede-paneled leather sandals | NET-A-PORTER.COM

GLAM Sergio Ross shoes - I could never wear these with my terrible feet, but they are so cute! Más

from The Crafting Chicks

Patriotic Kids Activities and Printables

Patriotic Kids Activities and Printables - So many 4th of July ideas!

from The WHOot

How To Lose Weight Without Really Trying

Amazing Ways to Lose Weight Quickly And Easily | The WHOot

from Building a House... What Not to Forget!

Little Things Not To Forget When Building…!

BEFORE YOU BUILD A HOUSE - A forum of handy ideas people wish theyd thought of before they built

from eBay

West Germany IRICE Perfume Bottle Jeweled Top White Roses/Pearls Pink Satin GOLD

West Germany IRICE perfume scent bottle. Jeweled top with white roses and pearls. Pink satin glass with gold gilt ornamentation. #antique #vintage, Stampin' Up! Uk demonstrator, card making, buy stampin up products, Stampin up demonstrator in Norfolk, Stampin' Up!, join stampin up, stampin up, Hockwold Norfolk, Card Making classes, Scrapbooking, Stampin' Up Inspiration, All day workshops, Laura Mackie, Card making ideas, Sale a Bration, Stampin up uk offers, Sale a bration, start a business, stampin up supplies, order stampin up uk, order Stampin up online, project life

Tribecca Home Tribecca Home Berwick Industrial Style Counter-height Pub Dining Set with Wine Rack (1 Table with 4 Stools (Without Backrest)), Brown, Size 5-Piece Sets from Overstock

Festive Halloween skull plates are too fun! Get them here:

OPI CIA = Color Is Awesome | Fall 2016 Washington D.C. Collection | Peachy Polish

warcinfo:
robots: classic
hostname: ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal
software: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-44
operator: CommonCrawl Admin
description: Wide crawl of the web for October 2016
publisher: CommonCrawl
format: WARC File Format 1.0
conformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf


text:
Sjinkie Knegt (R) gestures next to Victor An after Russian beat him at the ISU European Short Track speed skating Championships

Look, competition is tough. Sometimes, you can work your entire life for a goal, and it doesn't quite go your way. And sometimes, there's nothing to do but curse cruel fate ... and let your opponent know exactly what you think of him.

That demonstrative fellow there on the right is Sjinkie Knegt of the Netherlands, who just lost to Russia's Viktor Ahn in the 5000m relay of the ISU European short track speed skating championships in Dresden. Alas, Knegt's display of less-than-sterling sportsmanship got him an instant disqualification.

Both Knegt and Ahn will be competing next month in the Olympics, and this ought to put a bit more of a spotlight on Knegt going forward.

More from 7Sport

The Wallabies have identifed red-hot first five-eighth Beauden Barrett as the All Blacks' chief dangerman in Saturday's Bledisloe Cup clash in Auckland.


text:
Holiday houses and apartments in Cape Bridgewater

» Great Ocean Road, VIC, Australia

2 properties found.

clear filters ×
Check-in date
Check-out date
Price from (night)
Price to (night)

view mode

Cape Bridgewater Seaview Lodge

6   10 9

Bed & Breakfast - Great Ocean Road - in Cape Bridgewater

The lodge has spacious rooms, a cosy lounge and dining room as well as two guests sitting rooms overlooking the bay which are warm and cosy, even in inclement weather you can snuggle up by the wood fire and watch the swells roll by.

from A$140.00

Shelly Beach Retreat

8   3   1   32

Holiday house - Great Ocean Road - in Cape Bridgewater

Unique award-winning FSC beachfront holiday home. Stunning ocean views. Secluded natural bush setting. Complete peace and privacy. Endless sandy beaches, whale watching, café, lakes, national parks, seal colony, and Great South West Walk nearby.

from A$193.00

Displaying 1-2 of 2 results.
Click on each property location for details


text:
Garden City Villa

2 bedroom Self-contained apartment for rent in Booragoon

Sleeps: 3
Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 1
Min nights: 4 - 7

$208.66*per dayprice range estimate for 3 guests*

Guest rating: 4 / 1 review

Living Area

This completely renovated fully furnished and equipped two bedroom, one bathroom villa is perfectly designed for an easy comfortable stay. It is ideal for singles, couples, small families or corporate companies. Walking distance to WA’s premier shopping complex, Garden City Shopping Centre and 5 minutes to the freeway.

  • TV

Included Services

  • Essentials
  • Family/Kid Friendly
  • Free Parking on Premises
  • Heating
  • Internet
  • Shampoo
  • Smoke Detector
  • Washer
  • Wireless Internet
  • "Kitchen
  • Air Conditioning
  • DVD Player
  • Hair Dryer
  • Microwave

Kitchen Equipment

  • Grill
  • Kettle
  • Kitchen Utensils
  • Oven
  • Refrigerator
  • Stove
  • Toaster

Other Amenities

  • Washing Machine

  • No Pets Allowed
  • No Smoking

  • Child Friendly
  • Senior Friendly
  • Singles Friendly

Make a booking request now

2 Layman Street, Booragoon WA 6154, Australia

Laundry facilities
Pets not allowed
No smoking
Air conditioning
Linen supplied
Internet access
Tea/Coffee Making Facilities
Bath towels provided
Broadband internet available
Hair dryer
Reverse cycle heating
Walk to the shops
Washing machine
Free WiFi

Deposit : 50% of the accommodation charge to be paid at the time of booking
Balance: Final 50% due on arrival

We accept EFT, Credit Card, cheque or cash. Credit cards. Electronic funds transfers will be processed or must be received 21 days prior to check in. All bookings require credit card details to be supplied as a form of bond/surety.

Payment by credit card will incur a surcharge applicable to the card - 2% for MasterCard & Visa, 4% for Amex.

All prices are quoted in Australian dollar.

Cancellation policy:

  • For confirmed bookings cancelled more than 1 month prior to arrival date, payment will be refunded, with a cancellation fee of 25%.
  • For confirmed bookings cancelled less than 1 month prior to arrival date, no refund is payable.
  • No refund applicable for early departures
Small functional unit with a more modern feeling inside. Good location with garden city shopping center and large retailers just down the road.4/5 by ,
Como Bed and Breakfast (very close by)
5   1   1 - $211.11 per day
Assured Waterside Apartments (very close by)
6   1   1 - $140.00 per day
Mounts Bay Waters Apartment Hotel (very close by)
7   2   1 - $198.89 per day
Stay Perth - Park Vista Executive (very close by)
5   1   1 - $163.33 per day
Durham Lodge Bed And Breakfast (very close by)
2   1   1 - $183.33 per day
Terrace Central B&B Hotel (very close by)
4   8   8 - $154.44 per day


text:
Cars in India |
Select City

Amazing experience with Audi Q5

User review on Audi Q5 written by Nimish Patel on 22 August 2015

Year of Manufacture : 2015 | Driven no. of Kms. : 4059

  • Overall
    Overall rating: 4.00
  • Exterior
    Overall rating: 4
  • Suspension
    Overall rating: 4
  • Comfort
    Overall rating: 4
  • Safety
    Overall rating: 4
  • Pros: Power, comfort, handling and so many aspects
  • Cons: Initial cost to own
My neighbor brought Audi Q5 three months back and recently we went to a trip with it, I also drove it that amazing experience I can’t express in words, its driving is very smooth and comfortable as well as very exciting because great power and acceleration that was the best experience in my life with any vehicle.
Audi Q5

Audi Q5

48.44...62.95 Lakh

User Reviews for Audi Q5 Competitors


text:
TWD: Chocolate Chocolate Chocolate Chunkers

I am the girl who cried wolf.  I wrote quite a dramatic post last week about how much I loved (love love love) the Chocolate Malted Whopper Drops.  The words crack and cocaine may have been thrown around.  Well, I am back again this week with a new lover, the Chocolate Chunkers.  If the Whopper Drops were like my own private crush on the quirky guy in study hall whose personality is particularly appealing to me than my love for the Chunkers is a crush on the captain of the football team or Brad Pitt.  If you don’t like these cookies, I am thinking we don’t bat for the same team (i.e. you are not a chocoholic).

We went with a semi-sweet/milk chocolate combo (white chocolate is not chocolate.  can we get a new word for that stuff?) and a mix of raisins and cranberries.  I would like to report that I used some amazing imported or artisanal chocolate to send these to new heights but I have a mortgage…and a car payment…and tuition and so on…so something has to give.  It was Ghirardelli from the grocery store for us.

And it was just luscious and rich just the same.  Even the six year old was amazed at how little flour we were putting in.  He and the younger both came in for second helpings of the batter.  Man, oh man.  I could weigh three thousand pounds if the recipes keep coming like this.  I knew this one looked like trouble so I had to invoke my no fail over-eating insurance policy:

I did make a few without the peanuts so I could enjoy a couple warm from the oven (this is the real reason I bake after all) but others will be enjoying the rest.  I was already on a sugar high from the cake decorating class that Will and I took for kids at the Kansas City Culinary Institute (see below).

A big thank you to Claudia of Fool for Food for choosing this one.  The recipe is on her blog.  Next week:  Dimply Plum Cake.  I doubt this one will cause sweet tooth nirvana but I am looking forward to it nonetheless.  I love making breakfast cakes.  To see the other chocolate chunkers click here.

20 responses to “TWD: Chocolate Chocolate Chocolate Chunkers

  1. I am so with you. We are definately on the same team!!!

    That ‘stuff’ I generally call vanilla chips or vanilla chocolate, as we all know that there isn’t any chocolate in there!!!

  2. What fantastic looking photos! Your cookies look decadently rich and fabulous! Well done you!

  3. while your cookie photos are wonderful, it’s the bottom picture that won my heart.

  4. Lucky you to have an insurance policy to keep from eating the cookies – I like just about anything!

  5. Yeah, who is the person that claims “white chocolate” is really chocolate? IT’S NOT!

    Yes, friend, we bat for the same team. I am a devoted, card carrying chocoholic.

  6. Hey, nothing wrong with Ghirardelli! =) That’s what I used this week. I like trying out new chocolates, but sometimes the tried-and-true (not to mention more affordable) is the way to go. Chocoholics unite!

  7. I agree! White chocolate is NOT chocolate! I don’t know what it is, but it’s gross.

  8. I agree with Megan… I carry my card in my wallet.🙂

    Your pictures are lovely!!

  9. Allthough I don’t often leave comments on your blog, I must tell you that I come regularly to visit …and love the fact that you bake with your boys: cooking is unfortunalty turning out to be a lost art… I’m always happy to see some are perpetuing traditions!
    …and they must have been soooooo happy to bake those “more than a pound of chocolate chunkers” with you!
    Great Job!

  10. They look great! I’m all for cuddling up with a good cookie every now and then! :o)

  11. Whopper cookies were good, but these are great! If you raise boys that can decorate a cake, they will be set for life. It must have been a fun class.

  12. you are right, these were way better then the whopper cookies. what will dorie think of next?

  13. Very little flour and 3 Tb butter…🙂

  14. your cookies look great; i liked the whopper cookies much better!

  15. Yeah, these were intense cookies — we definitely bat for the same team! (Actually you don’t want me to really bat for your team, I am just lousy at softball. Baking chocolate cookies, now, that’s another story…)

  16. These look great! It’s hard to decide which cookie is the best!

  17. I am so on your team! Cookies look delicious and the cake looks beautiful!

  18. I suppose I should think about putting nuts in them too so I don’t eat a thousand of these. Yours look wonderful!🙂

  19. Yes, yes, yes!! The Whopper Drops were indeed quirky study hall guy, and the Chunkers were Brad Pitt (or maybe George Clooney). The crushes are equally real, just different. I hope nobody ever makes me choose between them. It would be like choosing between my children. I couldn’t do it.

  20. Pingback: TWD: Gray cookies, if you like that sort of thing… « Baking with the Boys

Leave a Reply

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Logo

You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change )

Twitter picture

You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out / Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out / Change )

Google+ photo

You are commenting using your Google+ account. Log Out / Change )

Connecting to %s


text:
2010 five-star enrolls at North Texas

Anybody who has followed the recruitment and eligibility fight of 2010 five-star Tony Mitchell knows that his path to college has taken a few turns. Mitchell's path took another turn on Wednesday.
According to sources close to the situation, Mitchell is enrolling at the University of North Texas Denton.
While the 6-foot-7 forward was not cleared by the NCAA Clearinghouse, North Texas is able to have him enroll as a non-qualifier. Missouri, where Mitchell signed a letter of intent to play in November of 20120, is prohibited by Big 12 rules from enrolling a non-qualifier.
As long as Mitchell takes care of business in the classrom, he will be eligible to play for Johnny Jones team mid-December of 2011 as a sophomore. Mitchell also has a chance of earning back a year of eligibility after his senior season if he's on track academically.
Headlined by Dallas (Texas) Kimball star Jordan Williams, North Texas has already signed one of the nation's premier non BCS recruiting classes for the class of 2011. The addition of the five-star Mitchell is a a major boost.


text:
Youth 301 Purple

Fathers have passed their love of Birdwell down to their kids for the past 50 years. The Youth 301s are made in the same style as the 301s with our fast-drying SURFNYL material developed by the Birdwell family.

  • Two-ply high count nylon body for strength
  • One-ply nylon liner for comfort
  • Triple lace enclosure with brass grommets
  • Velcro fly
  • Double and triple-stitched with high-strength nylon thread
  • Birdie logo patch on center back waist
  • Signature Birdwell wax pocket on back right
  • 10-11" outseam (varies with size)
  • Made in Santa Ana, California


text:
10 Reasons: Our Douchebag Decree Delivers Weekly Excoriation of What to Avoid—and How to Push Back.

gray 10 reasons logo

6. Our Douchebag Decree Delivers Weekly Excoriation of What to Avoid—and How to Push Back.

The Douchebag Decree began simply enough. It was 2008, the beginning of this site you're seeing now, and we were brainstorming content for the Bitch blogs. In addition to the positive features we had planned—spotlights on feminists from history, reviews of books and bands—we wanted a way to regularly call out the negative stuff that we saw in the news each week. You know: the sexist jerks, the offensive ads, the faux-feminist feature articles, the exploitative beauty products, the mainstream media—the sort of things that make feminists like us positively stabby. Since we were and still are in the business of providing a feminist response to pop culture, we knew there was plenty to talk about.

We thought long and hard about what to call the feature, and decided that of all the insults we could hurl at toxic enemies to women, the one that means an actual toxic enemy to women was the most fitting.

"ye olde douchebag decree" in blue letters with a light blue hand-drawn douchebag in the background, and "BITCH HEREBY DECLARES THE FOLLOWING PERSON A TOTAL DOUCHEBAG" in small letters in red underneath.

The only douchebag I've ever truly loved.

Over the past four years, the Douchebag Decree has become one of the most popular features on the Bitch blogs. Not because Bitch readers love douching—we know you don't!—but because smart, savvy, feminist Bitch readers want to know when someone in the media steps out of line. Whether it's signing a petition to stop the exploitation of girls or boycotting yet another "Just for Men" product, our weekly Douchebag Decrees let readers know what to avoid and what actions to take to push back. And let's just admit it—calling a douche a douche can be kinda therapeutic (and fun, too).

But these douche callouts aren't free. It takes time, research, resources, and sharp contributors (with strong stomachs!) to bring you Ye Olde Decrees each week. Combing through digitally altered Forever 21 catalogs and countless Trump tweets isn't a pretty job, but someone's gotta do it.

If you appreciate having someone there to call mainstream culture on its sexist behavior week after week, please consider showing your support for Bitch—and your disdain for douchebags everywhere—by donating today.

by Kelsey Wallace
View profile »

Still Reading? Sign up for our Weekly Reader!

2 Comments Have Been Posted

10 Reasons: Our Douchebag Decree Delivers Weekly Excoriation of

I all the time used to study article in news papers
but now as I am a user of web so from now I am using net for posts,
thanks to web.

A lot of people in our market have not had very different encounters. So they do not have enough spots to link, and they end up with very straight line alternatives without a wide viewpoint on the issue.

Add new comment


text:
MyPharmacist.us is proud to be able to bring you our wide selection of Prescription medicines, all of them are available to you online, 24x7. No Waiting for Doctors, you will enjoy Complete privacy, and you can order Prescriptions anytime, in your Own time, with NO PRIOR Prescription needed! Now you can enjoy the convenience of ordering your Prescription Medication from your own home or office at the time that suits you! Order prescription Medicine Safely and Securely through MyPharmacist.us's secure transaction server, and pay using a wide range of credit cards.

MyPharmacist.us's order process could not be simpler, just select the Prescription medicines you need, fill in our medical questionnaire, and submit your order. Our U.S Licensed Physicians will review your order and issue your Prescription. Next, MyPharmacist.us's U.S. Licensed Pharmacies will dispense, and FedEx your order discreetly using Next day delivery.

Choose from a wide range of Popular Prescription Medication such as:

* Tramadol
* Ultram
* Butalbital
* Soma
* Carisoprodol
* Fioricet
* Ultracet
* Esgic Plus
* and Many others!

NO Prior Prescription needed to order!

FREE Medical Consultations!

99% Approval Guarantee!

When you buy prescription medicine online, know you are getting a quality product. The product is the same thing someone else pays a higher price for, just because they didn’t take the time to go online. Save yourself some cash and get online to order from your own personnal US Licensed Pharmacist @ MyPharmacist.us!

About Us @ MyPharmacist.us:

Our company is committed to meeting and exceeding all government regulations covering this new form of health care provision. MyPharmacist.us will only refer your prescription drug order to certified physicians that are fully licensed. We employ the services of highly trained and qualified pharmacists to provide you with the high standards of pharmaceutical care that you have come to expect. All medicines provided are obtained from legitimate pharmaceutical wholesalers, or in some cases directly from the manufacturer, in this way you can be sure that you receive at all times the same quality medicine that you would receive from your neighborhood drugstore.

Visit us @ http://www.MyPharmacist.us/

or call us anytime, TOLL-FREE 24/7: 1-888-242-1749


text:
British Museum blog

Altaf’s Hajj: the tented city

Altaf Abbas

Friday 4 November
It has been a relaxing day today after the hardship of Mecca yesterday. We are staying in a tented city in Mina – there are thousands and thousands of air conditioned tents (Middle Eastern version of glamping) and we are preparing for tomorrow which will be very hard over three million people will be heading to Arafat to beg for forgiveness. I will be inshallah one of those and cannot wait to pour my heart out. I think it is going to be very emotional. I can feel the tears in my eyes already filling up.

The Saudis do an excellent job of servicing the hajjies. I am impressed at their efficiency, like the way they bring chilled water with ice to all tents and how they provide food, tea and coffee in abundance. They even have helicopters patrolling the hajj to make sure it goes smoothly and safely.

The call to prayer has just gone and it sends shivers down my spine as the sound reverbarates around the valley – it’s truly amazing.

Altaf and Rashida Abbas are going on Hajj this year. They will be blogging about their experience over the next two weeks. Find out more about the exhibition Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam

Filed under: Exhibitions, Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam

2 Responses - Comments are closed.

  1. nasrin says:

    May Allah accept your Hajj and akk those people who was there with you. ameen

  2. salih says:

    i was at arafat with you ,i guessed ,u have painted a true picture of its exceedingly emotional nature as i and my wife read with touching senses,we all felt great and blessed,the tented city of mina was in its class,whao,though we live in makkah a visit to kabbah for prayer is always different .al hamudulillah we are among the little.

Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.

Join 16,396 other followers

Follow @britishmuseum on Twitter

%d bloggers like this:


text:
Over The Top

Gals, it may not be cold enough just yet to pull out the winter coat, so until then (and even after) we’ve created a style guide for some of the season’s top layer players: blazers, sweaters and fleece. These layering options will keep you warm and chic. Check out the style tips in ‘Over The Top‘.

Shop All Sweaters
Shop All Blazers
Shop All Fleece

Now that you’ve read the tips it’s time to shop! Make sure you check out all of our new arrivals on Buckle.com


text:
Haaga Helia helps Eliademy to grow

Through education, research and development, HAAGA-HELIA prepares professionals for business and services. They offer students a versatile choice of studies, great opportunities for specialisation, high-quality education in Finnish and English, and wide business networks even during the studies.

They have approximately 10 500 students and almost 700 employees base.

Eliademy and Haaga Helia cooperation started back in 2012 in an underground bunker.
Through a series of co-creation workshops Eliademy team had access to students and teachers in order to build and create a new modern Moodle interface.

Haaga Helia Directors, Program Directors and Lecturers supported Eliademy in every single step taken and the first Pilot of the “Magic Moodle User Interface” started with almost 600 users.

One of the first observations made was that on average a typical Moodle user spent 1 min and 30 sec per day into their existing system and we decided to change that by increasing the engagement of the students to their learning platform. The pilot successfully increased the engagement to stunning 15 min per session during those 6 months.

After the successful Pilot, Haaga Helia decided to utilise the commercial service of Eliademy and currently are running 100s of courses, with 1000s of students in their private Eliademy account. Few of their courses are also listed publicly as well.

We are more than grateful to Jouni Ahonen, Teemu Kokko, Ascencao Mario Passos, Mia Tarhanen and to the President of Haaga Helia Ritva Laakso-Manninen for their unprecedented and unconditional support.

The story of Eliademy started from that Bunker inside Haaga Helia and we believe that this university will bring out more successful start ups in the years to come.


text:
How to Add Video to Your Facebook Marketing Strategy

If you’re on Facebook, you may have noticed a growing number of videos showing up in your News Feed.

You’re not alone.

According to Facebook, The amount of video from people and brands in the News Feed has gone up 3.6 times in the last year. In the US, the number of video posts per person has increased 94 percent!

All of this has resulted in average daily video views reaching 1 billion in the second half of 2014.

What does all this mean for your business?

Video is a powerful medium for brands on Facebook because it allows you to stand out in a way that other content types cannot. This is especially true with the launch of auto-play for Facebook videos, which enables videos to play automatically when scrolling through the News Feed.

In addition to helping you stand out, video gives you the opportunity to showcase your business, and engage with fans in a more personal way. By showing the people behind your business you’ll be able to build familiarity with your audience, which can help increase trust, loyalty, and credibility with your fans.

If you’ve been thinking about adding video to your Facebook strategy, you may have some questions about what to do first.

Here are a few steps you can take to get started:

1. Upload directly to Facebook

Facebook offers a number of unique video features that can only be accessed when you upload videos directly to Facebook.

Many of these are available to all Facebook Pages, and others are brand new and will be rolling out to Pages in the coming months.

Features currently available include:

  • Auto-play: Videos will play on automatically when a user scrolls through the News Feed.
  • Video metrics: These metrics show you how many people are watching the video, how long they are watching for, and how many people watched the video all the way through.

Features coming soon include:

  • Featured Video: Choose a video to be featured on your Facebook Page. This video will be highlighted under the video section of your Page, and will also be visible on the left side of your Facebook Timeline.

Featured Image

  • Playlists: You will soon be able to create playlists for the videos you create. Playlists will be featured in the video section of your Page, under your featured video.

In addition to giving you access to these features, uploading your video directly to Facebook will provide new opportunities to reach fans that are interested in video content. If you have fans that are regularly watching, sharing, and engaging with videos, Facebook will take note and display more videos in their news feed.

2. Add a description

The News Feed can be a pretty chaotic place. If you want your videos to stand out and catch your audience’s attention, you need to include something to let them know what the video is.

Add a short description, letting people know what the video is and why they should take the time to watch it.

Here are a few examples of video descriptions, including one from Facebook expert Mari Smith, explaining some of the new Facebook features:

(Having trouble viewing the examples? View them here.)

3. Think about length

The ideal length for a video can vary based on the type of video you’re creating and the context in which you’re delivering it to your audience.

When it comes to creating content on social media, it’s better to be concise and to-the-point than to create lengthy assets that take up a lot of your audience’s time.

As a rule of thumb, we recommend keeping your videos between 30 – 90 seconds in length. You can also experiment with shorter bite-size videos like the ones you may create with Instagram.

If you have longer videos — like training assets that walk viewers through a step-by-step process — consider creating a series of shorter quick tip videos and sharing them on your Facebook Page.

4. Track your results

As you start to share videos on Facebook, take the time to track your results.

Facebook provides details on the total number of video views and the number of people who watched your video. You can also track audience retention to see how long people are watching your videos for.

In addition to video metrics, you can also keep track of how your video posts are performing in terms of reach and engagement. Compare the performance of your videos to other content types like photos, links, and text updates to see which type of posts are getting the best results.

Finally, take the time to monitor your posts for any feedback from fans so that you can reply to and comments from fans. These small interactions can tell you a lot about how your videos are being received and offer valuable insights into who is engaging with your videos.

Next steps…

With today’s technology, you don’t need to have a big budget to create videos your audience will love. Start by thinking about the types of videos you can use to engage fans on Facebook.

If you’re stuck for ideas, check out these examples to help get the creative juices flowing.

Ready to give video a try? After you’ve uploaded your video, come back here and let us know how it does.

Never miss a post! Follow our twitter feed @ConstantContact


text:
IE February Security Update Now Available

The IE Cumulative Security Update for February 2009 is now available via Windows Update. Alternatively, you can receive this and all other Microsoft updates via the Microsoft Update. I encourage you to upgrade to Microsoft Update if you haven’t already to ensure that you receive the latest updates for all Microsoft products.

This update addresses two privately reported vulnerabilities. The security update addresses these vulnerabilities by modifying the way that Internet Explorer handles the error resulting in the exploitable condition. For detailed information on the contents of this update, please see the following documentation:

This security update is rated Critical for all supported versions of Internet Explorer 7 running on supported editions of Windows XP and Windows Vista.  For Internet Explorer 7 running on Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008, the security update is rated Moderate. For Internet Explorer Beta products, download locations are available in the Knowledge Base Article.

IE security updates are cumulative and contain all previously released updates for each version of Internet Explorer.

I encourage everybody to download this security update and other non-IE security updates via Windows Update or Microsoft Update. Windows users are also strongly encouraged to configure their systems for automatic updates to keep their systems current with the latest updates from Microsoft.

Terry McCoy
Program Manager
Internet Explorer Security

Comments (10)

  1. Robear Dyer, MS MVP says:

    For Internet Explorer Beta products, download locations are available in the Knowledge Base Article.

    I don’t see them in KB961260 Revision 1.0, Terry

  2. Terry McCoy [MSFT] says:

    ~robear dyer

    The links are in-fact missing. We will work to get that problem resolved.

  3. Patcher says:

    If you’re running IE8 on XP SP3 or Vista SP1, it’s easier to just update to IE8 RC1. For Win7 users running that older build of IE8(pre Pre-RC1?), the patch is below.

    Win7 x86

    Win7 x64

    There’s updates for Win Server 2003/2008 and Win 7 server/2008 R2, but I’m not gonna link those, you can still find them on MS Download Center if you want.

  4. Frustrated Developer says:

    Finally figured out why Web Slices DO NOT WORK.

    Since IE sends the GET requests to attempt to update via its RSS user-agent (which has no session matching the one I’m browsing with)

    Therefore I get ZERO UPDATES because the RSS user-agent gets a redirect due to not being authenticated.

    So I looked in the properties dialog for some sort of auth. options… tada! there is a username/password option… bingo!

    So I type my details in, and… Nada!

    still gets redirected to the login page, and doesn’t login.

    So now I’ve got 2 questions:

    1.) How is this username/password supposed to work?… cause I don’t think it works.

    2.) As a developer, do I have to do something special to make my login pages more accessible to web slices?

    Currently I see Web Slices as a big flop if they can’t handle logging into a site, or at least sharing any open sessions from the browser.

    e.g. I’m on my companies "project/sales  management" web application, which of course requires a login (every site I care about requires a login) but as I move about the site, I don’t see updates on the specific project I’m tracking with my web slice.

    Is there documentation that goes beyond the limited MSDN docs on this?

    Frustrated Developer

  5. Robear Dyer, MS MVP says:

    Thanks, Terry. KB961260 Revision 2.0 now has all of the download links.

  6. Terry McCoy [MSFT] says:

    Thanks Robear for bringing that to our attention.

  7. randal says:

    @Frustrated Developer – I feel your pain too.  None of the Web Slices I created for my application work either.

    I have no intention of exposing a GET request URL to the slice that contains the username/password just to get around this bug so it looks like I’ll have to drop Web Slices until this is fixed.  Too bad though, because conceptually I really liked the idea.

  8. Catto says:

    Hey Now,

    Windows Update time.

    Thx 4 the info,

  9. Mike says:

    …There are still links missing for IE7 on W2K8SP1 ("S-P-ONE").


text:
International Racing on the Phantom 295

Starboard announce the first international Phantom 295 event.

The first event is hosted in Yyteri, Finland, from June 11th to June 16th, together with ISAF’s Raceboard Worlds event. Forty charter Phantom kits are available for anyone wishing to attend and participate at the event.

Starboard Phantom

The charter fee is 150 Euros and you can contact right now to book your own charter kit. To book accommodation with the camping close to the water, contact

To ensure top-level competition, the first man and woman of the event will automatically receive a ticket to an additional Phantom 295 event held in Thailand, to be announced later this year. Remi Vila, designer of the Phantom 295, will also be present to both compete and present the technical details of the Phantom 295 package.

Starboard Phantom

The Phantom concept was originally designed by Remi Villa, Svein Rasmussen and Ben Severne back in 2006, and has gone from strength to strength.

This is a fantastic way to get involved in some fun racing so get involved by booking your charter! Boards will of course keep you up to date with all the latest news on the event, as will the Starboard website.

Check out more from Starboard on Boards:

I Lost the Love from Startboard rider Will Rogers

Carve vs Futura ? Sam Ross answers

Batwing on UK Shores

Newsletter Terms & Conditions

Please enter your email so we can keep you updated with news, features and the latest offers. If you are not interested you can unsubscribe at any time. We will never sell your data and you'll only get messages from us and our partners whose products and services we think you'll enjoy.

Read our full Privacy Policy as well as Terms & Conditions.


text:
Communication Technology Update

Front Cover
August E. Grant, Jennifer Harman Meadows
Focal, 2004 - Performing Arts - 372 pages
0 Reviews
New communication technologies are being introduced at an astonishing rate. Making sense of these technologies is increasingly difficult. Communication Technology Update is the single best source for the latest developments, trends, and issues in communication technology. Now in its ninth edition, Communication Technology Update has become an indispensable information resource for business, government, and academia.

As always, every chapter has been completely rewritten to reflect the latest developments and market statistics, and now covers mobile computing, digital photography, personal computers, digital television, and electronic games, in addition to the two dozen technologies explored in the previous edition.

The book's companion website ( offers updated information submitted by chapter authors and offers links to other Internet resources.

*Valuable reference for communications/broadcast professionals and students
*Single source for the latest developments, trends, and issues in communication technology
*New data on teleconferencing, digital TV, and computer games

From inside the book

What people are saying - Write a review

We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.

Communication Technology Timeline Dan Brown Ph D
Electronic Mass Media
Computers Consumer Electronics

3 other sections not shown

Other editions - View all

Common terms and phrases

References to this book

All Book Search results »

About the author (2004)

Dr. August E. ("Augie") Grant is a technology futurist who specializes in research on new media technologies and consumer behavior.
Jennifer H. Meadows is Associate Professor in the Media Arts Option of the Department of Communication Design at California State University, Chico. She earned her Radio, Television and Motion Pictures at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a Ph.D. in Radio-Television-Film from the University of Texas at Austin.

Bibliographic information


text:
Free help with homework

Why join Brainly?

  • ask questions about your assignment
  • get answers with explanations
  • find similar questions

Dahil sa gamot, na Overdose
0 0 0
The Brain
  • The Brain
  • Helper
Not sure about the answer?
Learn more with Brainly!
Having trouble with your homework?
Get free help!
  • 80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes
  • Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn
  • Answer quality is ensured by our experts


text:
Free help with homework

Why join Brainly?

  • ask questions about your assignment
  • get answers with explanations
  • find similar questions

Mosses,Liverworts,hornwort, and other bryophytes are example of non vascular plants.
0 0 0
why are the people living in coastal areas affected when coral reefs are destroyed?
please answe
The Brain
  • The Brain
  • Helper
Not sure about the answer?
Learn more with Brainly!
Having trouble with your homework?
Get free help!
  • 80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes
  • Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn
  • Answer quality is ensured by our experts


text:
Free help with homework

Why join Brainly?

  • ask questions about your assignment
  • get answers with explanations
  • find similar questions

Likas na yaman dahil ito ay pwedeng pakinabang

0 0 0
The Brain
  • The Brain
  • Helper
Not sure about the answer?
Learn more with Brainly!
Having trouble with your homework?
Get free help!
  • 80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes
  • Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn
  • Answer quality is ensured by our experts


text:
Kettlebell Workout - Day 1

Joint mobility/Primal Move

3x30sec Scorpions

2x20 Swings
2x5 Halos/side

5 minutes Turkish Get Ups

3x8 Push Ups
3x5 Overhead Squats per side
3x10 Swings

3x5 Pullover Sit Ups


text:
Follow Slashdot blog updates by subscribing to our blog RSS feed

Forgot your password?
Check out the new SourceForge HTML5 internet speed test! No Flash necessary and runs on all devices. ×
Data Storage Operating Systems Software BSD

DragonFly BSD Releases Version 2.0 43

An anonymous reader writes "DragonFly BSD 2.0 has been released! It includes HAMMER, DragonFly's brand-new file system supporting advanced features like history, snapshots and various other cool things. Will it become the new ZFS? Since it is BSD licensed it could also be integrated into various other operating systems."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

DragonFly BSD Releases Version 2.0

Comments Filter:
  • VirtualBox? (Score:3, Informative)

    by hansraj ( 458504 ) * on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @09:42AM (#24303371)

    Did anyone manage to get the live cd work on VirtualBox? On my Ubuntu box it seems to hang once I get to the screen with various options of booting DragonFly. :|

  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @10:10AM (#24303797)

    No, because a bunch of douchebags keep making them all under licences which do not allow for proper intergration into other operating systems and because HAMMER is designed for distributed filesystem work, a field where there are limited existing systems.

  • Re:VirtualBox? (Score:5, Informative)

    by creepynut ( 933825 ) <teddy(slashdot).teddybrown@ca> on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @10:50AM (#24304443) Homepage

    VirtualBox has some issues [] with FreeBSD.

    I tried to install a recent release of FreeBSD which ended up in frequent hangs related to the network adapter.

    Changing the network adapter type seems to fix the problem.

  • by stsp ( 979375 ) on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @10:56AM (#24304559) Homepage
    If you want to know more about the hammer file system, check []
  • by Renegade88 ( 874837 ) on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @11:59AM (#24305697)
    Are you talking about ZFS under the CDDL which is considered GPL-incompatible and thus can't be used by Linux?

    So whose fault is that? ZFS has been and continues to be adopted by other operating systems. The GPL is a manifestation of a polical agenda and the inability to incorporate ZFS is a consequence. That is Linux's problem, not the folks that release their open-source filesystems under the licenses of their choosing.

    Just because somebody doesn't buy into Stallman's agenda doesn't mean they are a douchebag.
  • by Per Wigren ( 5315 ) on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @07:27PM (#24312557) Homepage

    Matt has posted a very in-depth PDF whitepaper describing the Hammer filesystem []. A very interesting read!

  • Re:VirtualBox? (Score:3, Informative)

    by m.dillon ( 147925 ) on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @10:31PM (#24314069) Homepage

    As far as we can tell VirtualBox does not properly emulate the 8254, which we use for timer interrupts. We run it in a different mode then linux does and my guess is that VB doesn't emulate that mode.

    People have told me that DFly does run under VMWare and MS virtualization and QEmu. And natively, of course.

  • by m.dillon ( 147925 ) on Wednesday July 23, 2008 @10:48PM (#24314201) Homepage

    Ignoring the license for the moment, ZFS has a lot of desirable features. But it also tries to throw in the kitchen sink, far more then I personally believe a file-system should deal with. I haven't tried it myself so I don't know how well it performs.

    HAMMER takes a different approach to redundancy. HAMMER is eventually intended to operate in a replicated multi-master clustered environment. The first release only has the beginnings of that work (aka single-master/multi-slave replication), but the basic principle that HAMMER follows is that no single copy of a file-system can ever be considered safe, no matter how much redundancy you throw into it. Software bugs are far more likely to corrupt a file-system then hardware issues.

    Up until now snapshots have always been fairly expensive affairs. They run the gauntlet from outright dangerous in UFS to fairly quick in ZFS, but of all the OSS offerings only HAMMER gives you a fine-grained (~30-60 second interval if you don't lift a finger) historical access to the entire filesystem. All you need is a transaction id and you cd directory@@transaction_id and, poof, you are looking at a file or the entire filesystem as of some point in the past. You have full administrative control over what historical data is kept and what is thrown away, independent for each of your mirrors, backup systems, whatever.

    After all, we need to justify getting those cheap, terrabyte+ drives coming out now!

"An entire fraternity of strapping Wall-Street-bound youth. Hell - this is going to be a blood bath!" -- Post Bros. Comics


text:
Bug Tracker

Opened 5 years ago

Closed 5 years ago

#8993 closed bug (fixed)

jQuery.map( emptyNodeList ) enumerating properties.

Reported by: rkatic Owned by:
Priority: blocker Milestone: 1.6
Component: core Version: 1.5.2
Keywords: Cc:
Blocked by: Blocking:

Change History (5)

comment:2 Changed 5 years ago by rwaldron

  • Component changed from unfiled to core
  • Priority changed from undecided to low
  • Resolution set to invalid
  • Status changed from new to closed

jQuery does not have documented support for native DOM NodeLists

comment:3 Changed 5 years ago by rkatic

There is no mention of NOT supporting native DOM NodeLists neither.

"Array-like objects, such as jQuery collections, are treated as arrays. In other words, if an object has a .length property and a value on the .length - 1 index, it is traversed as an array."

Ah yea, it's because of #9023, how silly of me.

Version 2, edited 5 years ago by rkatic (previous) (next) (diff)

comment:4 Changed 5 years ago by john

  • Milestone changed from 1.next to 1.6
  • Priority changed from low to blocker
  • Resolution invalid deleted
  • Status changed from closed to reopened

comment:5 Changed 5 years ago by John Resig

  • Resolution set to fixed
  • Status changed from reopened to closed

Make sure that empty nodelists continue to map properly. Fixes #8993.

Changeset: 6c449fd5df3e0ec50e893d055da9aea486e7d71c

Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets.


text:
Bug 50651 - gcc 2.96-85 or 3.0 produces code that runs 1/2 as fast as 2.95 on an Athlon
gcc 2.96-85 or 3.0 produces code that runs 1/2 as fast as 2.95 on an Athlon
Product: Red Hat Linux
Classification: Retired
Component: gcc (Show other bugs)
i686 Linux
medium Severity medium
: ---
: ---
Assigned To: Jakub Jelinek
David Lawrence
Depends On:
  Show dependency treegraph
Reported: 2001-08-01 17:40 EDT by R. Clint Whaley
Modified: 2007-04-18 12:35 EDT (History)
3 users (show)

See Also:
Fixed In Version:
Doc Type: Bug Fix
Doc Text:
Story Points: ---
Clone Of:
Last Closed: 2001-08-01 17:40:39 EDT
Type: ---
Regression: ---
Mount Type: ---
Documentation: ---
Verified Versions:
Category: ---
oVirt Team: ---
RHEL 7.3 requirements from Atomic Host:
Cloudforms Team: ---

Attachments (Terms of Use)

  None (edit)
Description R. Clint Whaley 2001-08-01 17:40:35 EDT
From Bugzilla Helper:
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux 2.2.12-20 i686; en-US; rv:0.9)

Description of problem:
This is a floating point intensive code, which uses register blocking.
Apparently, 2.96-8x and gcc 3.0 use a load scheduling algorithm which is a
disaster for athlons.  Once the load pattern is fixed manually, it appears
that the fpu stack is used less efficiently by 3.0, but 2.96-8x is adequate
once optimization is increased.

How reproducible:

Steps to Reproduce:
1.Given on the URL above, here's the direct URL:

Actual Results:  You will see that gcc 2.95.2 gets 1350Mflops for this
example routine, while the newer compilers get roughly 730Mflops.  Routines
showing it is the changed fetch operations are given

Expected Results:  New compiler should produce code in same performance
range as old.

Additional info:
Comment 1 Jakub Jelinek 2001-11-19 15:16:44 EST
The thing is that GCC's reg-stack doesn't map very well on this Athon misfeature.
According to Jan Hubicka, this would need complete reg-stack rewrite.
With newer AMD CPUs which will come with SSE2 this will be non-issue.
Certainly, this is not going to be fixed neither in gcc-2.96-RH, nor in gcc 3.0.x
(both are currently in bugfix only mode), nor in gcc 3.1.x (which is going
to freeze on December 15th).
Comment 2 R. Clint Whaley 2001-11-19 15:27:00 EST
I note that SSE2, if the newer compilers support it well (vectorizing is not
always trivial) will lessen the need for x87 support in hammer and Netburst
archs.  However, since this bug slows down Athlon, PIII, PII, PPRO archs, are
you really sure that blowing it off is the right answer?  Since the present
scheme offers no speedup on any arch, what is the argument for keeping it?
Comment 3 Jakub Jelinek 2001-11-19 15:35:37 EST
Don't understand the question. reg-stack is the fixup code which changes
flat numbered float registers to the crappy Intel stack based FPU.
GCC was always using reg-stack, it is just that various more and more aggressive
optimizations just lead to RTL which needs to be fixed up for stack FPU regs
more and more cleverly.
So there is no question whether to keep reg-stack or not, GCC wouldn't work
at all for Intel FPUs without it. The question is whether somebody improves
the current reg-stack or whether somebody rewrites it from scratch, both of
which are time consuming efforts.
Comment 4 R. Clint Whaley 2001-11-19 15:41:47 EST
The point is that something changed between 2.95.3 and 2.96/3.0, which results
in poorer register stack usage on all x86 architectures.  My question,
therefore, is if the change is bad for all architectures, why make it?  Why not
go back to the register handling of the 2.95.3 code, at a minimum?  As I say,
the new code is worse on all architectures.

The Athlon-specific problem is memory fetch pattern, which I think ought to be
fixed, but I would certainly better understand just blowing off.  This problem,
unlike the register stack, can be fixed by the programmer by hand-doing the
Comment 5 R. Clint Whaley 2001-11-19 23:39:54 EST
Just reviewed the above, and realized it is possible that it is not clear what I
am talking about.  I was assuming you took the link,

Where I discuss that there are two problems, one specific to the Athlon
(scheduling that is good for Pentium, bad for Athlon), and one that is bad for
all x86 archs in existance (excessive use of fxch in assembler).  gcc2.95.3 had
neither of these problems.  I can see going for Pentium fetch to the detriment
of the Athlon, though it seems funny you can't keep the old one around, but
since the register stack usage is inferior on all machines, I can't imagine the
argument for using it.  I'm sure it makes things cleaner at the compiler level,
or something, but a performance drop on all x86 archs seems a high price to pay,
when a better algorithm was already preexisting . . .

Note You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug.


text:
Bug 11132 - samba-tool testparm - Segmentation fault
samba-tool testparm - Segmentation fault
Status: NEW
Product: Samba 4.1 and newer
Classification: Unclassified
Component: Python
x64 FreeBSD
: P5 normal
: ---
Assigned To: Jelmer Vernooij
Samba QA Contact
Depends on:
  Show dependency treegraph
Reported: 2015-03-04 14:12 UTC by Dron
Modified: 2015-09-03 23:53 UTC (History)
1 user (show)

See Also:

Note You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug.
Description Dron 2015-03-04 14:12:19 UTC
FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE amd64
Samba 4.1.17

root@test:/etc # samba-tool testparm
Segmentation fault(core dumped)

root@test:/usr/ports/net/samba41/work/samba-4.1.17/python # gdb /usr/local/bin/python2.7 ../python2.7.core
GNU gdb 6.1.1 [FreeBSD]
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "amd64-marcel-freebsd"...(no debugging symbols found)...
Core was generated by `python2.7'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0  0x000000080eb8c6d5 in py_set_debug_level (self=0x0, args=0x81105a750) at ../python/pyglue.c:119
119             (DEBUGLEVEL) = level;
[New Thread 801c06400 (LWP 100262/python2.7)]

Adding log level parameter to smb4.conf resolves issue. Seems there is no log level by default.