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Store Locations:Texas:Arlington:Gene Allen's Gifts

Gene Allen's Gifts | Arlington, TX

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Gene Allen's Gifts
255 Southwest Plz
Arlington, TX 76016-4455
Monday-Thursday 10:00 am-6:30 pm
Friday-Saturday 10:00 am-6:00 pm
Sunday 12:00 pm-4:00 pm
Free store pickup
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Gene Allen's Gifts is here for all of your gift, ornament and card needs!

With a broad selection of year-round and seasonal gifts and greeting cards, Gene Allen's Gifts located at 255 Southwest Plz in Arlington, TX is the perfect store for all of your special occasions. Our selection includes cards and gifts for annual events and holidays like birthdays, anniversaries, Valentine's Day, Easter, Mother's Day, Father's Day, the 4th of July, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Hanukkah, New Year's, and more! Let us help you celebrate major life events, as well. We're proud to offer gifts, cards and more for baby showers, baptisms, First Communions, confirmations, graduations, wedding showers and beyond. When you need to send support and encouragement, we offer a selection of thinking-of-you, get well and sympathy cards. With our variety of products, including home decor, picture frames, photo albums, apparel, accessories, jewelry, stationery, collectibles, Christmas ornaments, candles, candy, books, gift wrap, stuffed animals and kitchen goods, we have gifts for kids and adults alike.

Product selection and availability varies throughout the year, so stop by today and check out what's in store for you at Gene Allen's Gifts.
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Indian Fashion Designers - silvereene - Contemporary Indian Designer Clothes - Salwars - SI-SS15-SIL-4 - Green Ombre Kurta Set
$285.00 AUD
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Green Ombre Kurta Set

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A stunning green kurta set by Silvereene in an unconventional style that is designed to make a lasting impression. The sleeveless georgette kurta is adorned with floral dabka embroidery at the neckline. It is teamed with kalidar palazzo in green and a net dupatta in blue with sequin work and floral embroidery on the border.

The brand Silvereene by Indian fashion designer S Anchal is synonymous with opulence and discreet radiance. The brand forte lies in creating enduring pieces representing the traditional Indian crafts in a distinct and refreshing new avatar which sets its creations apart. The vibrant ethnic collections include stylish kurta sets, beautiful anarkali suits, sarees and lehengas for special events.

Colour: Green, Blue

- Embroidered kurta palazzo set

- Top is a long sleeveless kurta

- Floral dabka embroidery along the neckline on front and back

- Bottom is kalidaar, fashioned like Palazzo pants

- Set includes a blue net dupatta

- Dupatta has sequin spray and floral embroidery along border

Fabric and Care

Georgette. Dry Clean Only.

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NTC 242 Week 4 DQs

This file of NTC 242 Week 4 Discussion Questions shows the solutions to the following problems:

DQ 1: Name a few of the most security risks to a wide area network. Give a case in point of one risk and assert the possible effect and impending safety measures.
DQ 2: Attacks on Network happen in various kinds. Broadley, et al. (2009) divulged a new technique where the attacker generates a

Show more >
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    Tutor has posted answer for $5.19. See answer's preview

    *** *** Week 4 ***

    Click here to download attached files:

    NTC 242 Week 4 DQS.zip

Learn more effectively and get better grades!

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Archive for October 29th, 2008

Wall Street, you ain’t seen nothing yet: the real credit crunch

Wednesday, October 29, 2008

The financial credit crunch amounts to peanuts when compared with the situation on the ground

the reckless consumption of “natural capital” is endangering the world’s future prosperity, with clear economic impacts including high costs for food, water and energy.

Some environmental economists have being doing some calculations

the cost of natural decline dwarfs losses on the financial markets. […] “So whereas Wall Street by various calculations has to date lost, within the financial sector, $1-$1.5 trillion, the reality is that at today’s rate we are losing natural capital at least between $2-$5 trillion every year.”


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The World is not your Oyster
Take Heed that no Man Deceive You

Take Heed that no Man Deceive You

let-no-man-deceive-you-take-heed-that-no-man-deceive-youTake heed that no man deceive you. The very first piece of advice that Jesus gave to his disciples in Matthew 24, when asked about the sign of his coming, and of the end of the world. It shouldn’t be any real surprise to us that this is what the Lord would start off with, knowing that we humans are a fallen race living in a fallen world. Deception comes quick, easy, and oftentimes absolutely free of charge.

The Apostle Paul also says something similar when tackling end times issues:

2 Thessalonians 2:3

Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

Let no man deceive you by any means. The ammunition for that term ‘any means’ grows all the time. Every venue, every outlet, every unseen radio or otherwise air wave can contain something trying to mislead you or to flat out deceive you. They don’t call Satan the prince of the power of the air for nothing. It’s no coincidence that television, internet, or radio shows are referred to as programming.

Problems in the Campproblems-in-the-camp-take-heed-that-no-man-deceive-you

Now that the September extravaganza is over with, we can see that the rapture didn’t happen, the big wave that’s suppose to hit the eastern seaboard of the US is still at bay, and the meteor that was suppose to come down and produce that wave is still floating around out there. I would not say that any one of these will not happen, but I’d never be fool enough to say when, never mind give exact dates for them. Especially the rapture! I don’t believe that it’s any accident that Jesus and Paul used the “no man deceive you” term when speaking on the end times. Look at all the years that it was suppose to be our end! The people that followed Paul’s advice below wasn’t fooled in any of these false predictions:

2 Timothy 2:15 Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.

Don’t get me wrong, not everybody that had prophesied these things had given an exact date (or any date for that matter), but there were many that did. Even the MSM (Main Stream Media) was playing with all the buzz concerning these events predicted to happen. If you are one who bought in to any of these date setters, I pray that your faith in God Almighty is not shaken. Let God be true and all men a liar!

There have been posts and videos that have come out since with some humbled believers that really thought they heard God, and have repented. But there are others that have ignored their missing the mark completely and just trudge on so new victims won’t know how wrong they were in the first place, and pay attention to the ‘new big event’ being prophesied about.

A real prophet of God usually doesn’t get exact dates, but if they do, it comes to pass exactly to the second. And if anyone publicly prophesied anything that didn’t come to pass, and has not repented, I’d question whether or not they were ever saved in the first place. I say that because even if they missed God and screwed up, the Holy Spirit should be convicting them of it, and causing opportunity to repent. Like a hard lesson learned.

People are either wrong, or they knowingly lied about many of the events predicted this past September. Now a few things did happen, but none of the earth shattering hand of God coming down kind of things.After reading this, check out an article I did a while ago that so far, has been the post popular on this blog.

Check out my most popular post on this subject: Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing.

Now these deceptions came from many in the church. These are the worst in my opinion. It really gives off the vibe that we aren’t without enemies in the same house. Satan has cleverly infiltrated the ranks in the church body to cause all kinds of divisions and to create all kinds of deception. Often times these are the same that don’t believe that Satan can even do such a thing in the first place. But I guess I’m straying off point…

the-world-is-not-your-oyster-take-heed-that-no-man-deceive-youThe World is Not your Oyster

If you have adhered to the old saying ‘the world is your oyster’ than you’ve clung on to a rotten one. No pearl inside it either. Funny that the Bible refers to heaven as a pearl of great price, but somehow someone somewhere converted it to a saying or famous quote that is meant to inspire us to go after the wrong things.

Lies and deception abound everywhere in every corner of the world. One good reason the Apostle James warns sternly for us not to be friendly with it.

James 4:4

Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.

Does anybody else get the feeling that it’s just a flat out bad idea to be an enemy of God? Pretty tough language being used in that verse. Often the world or worldly things are referred to as the flesh, fleshly, or carnal things. A good example of this is in  Romans 8:

5 For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit. 6 For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace.

I bring this up because these verses are there for a reason, because all snares come from either the world (which is this system in which we live, not to be confused with the earth), the flesh, or carnality. Being fleshly can be synonymous with carnal, but I tend to think there are subtle differences. These are the three biggies where Satan likes to lay out landmines for people to be lead astray in any way shape or form.

Find out how the world is succeeding against the Saints and learn what we can do about it. Get your discounted copy of “Not of this World: Out of the Mire.”

We know that man is sinful and all have sinned. We typically don’t need help to sin, it’s usually the other way around. Ever notice that you don’t have to teach your child to sin? But many worldly, fleshly, or carnal, issues are kicked off spiritually. It pays dearly to understand that in order to get a better grasp with what we’re dealing with here on this planet, we need to address the things that we don’t see, which are spiritual forces at work full time to cause you to stumble in any way, and to cause many to lose faith in God. Well, to lose faith in the REAL God of the Bible anyways.

Satan is a liar and the father of lies, and there is no truth in him. The world otherwise known as this Babylonian system that governs this world is a flawed broken system riddled with deception and all characteristics of Satan himself. Why on earth would anyone expect to get any truth from any worldly source? One of the reasons that I named this site Supernatural Truth in Christ, is because there are so many different natural explanations out there for everything, but none hold up or matter for very long. The world suffers from a supernatural problem, and that is the truth behind the veil.

This world stinks, and is only going to get smellier. But the good news is, that it’s not forever. I know because I’ve read the back of the book. As messed up spiritually and physically this place is, the Lord Jesus will indeed be coming to make everything as it was planned by him to be. Physically and spiritually. Don’t go for the wiles of this world, nor the countless ways it likes to seduce and deceive you!

How to Take Heed & Keep from Being Deceived

Click the pic for some powerful messages you can wear anywhere and get people to engage about Christ Jesus!

How you can keep from being deceived by this world, or even the pulpit in many growing cases, is to set your mind on the things that are above in Christ Jesus and prayerfully study and meditate on his Word. You can’t go wrong with the Bible as the ultimate lie detector if done with care and through the Holy Spirit, that will lead you into all truth.

Jesus didn’t just come out and say hey, don’t be deceived. He said TAKE HEED no man deceive you. Pay attention, keep watch, be cautious, keep on your toes, watch your step, take notice, learn and be informed, be ever mindful, stay awake (spiritually speaking).

All these could be synonymous with take heed. Get to know what the Word of God has to say, and if someone tries to convince you of anything other than what God has already said about it, you’ll have his truth to fall back on, instead of rolling along with a deception that may sound good. Allot of deceptions sound biblical actually, and if you don’t know better through God’s Word and faith in God to preserve his Word, you’ll likely just trudge right along with the Biblical sounding deception. Know your Bible!

All these things go for myself as well, even more so. So get in the Word and make sure I’m not deceiving you! I’d rather you didn’t just blindly take my word for anything, but to measure it up against the Bible. As Jesus said, “Take heed that no man deceive you.”

Thank you for reading this post, and I hope it helps you out in some way. If you so desire, please share this post via the share button below to be able to share it via your favorite social outlet! Also please leave me a comment and I’ll respond as quick as I can.

So from now on, Take Heed that no Man Deceive you!

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12 thoughts on “Take Heed that no Man Deceive You

  1. Great article Brian, I’m reading this a fair time after it was published – but it’s no less accurate. As Jesus Himself said in Matthew 24:36 – ‘But of that day and hour no-one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but my Father only’. It is definitely a spiritual battle out there which we cannot win in our strength, but need to remember that the Lord has already won in His strength. His enemies know their time is limited, so lets grab God’s hand and use His strength to guide us through the world! I look forward to reading more of your blogs and wish you success in getting the word out there!

    • Hi there Ian,

      Thank you for your comment, and I agree completely. It is a spiritual battle and our enemies that go unseen tend to enjoy using the Word of God against well meaning believers that probably don’t know the Word of God the way they should. And they get away with a subtle change here and there, creating something “new” from scriptures that in reality mean something different.

      All the more reason that we search out scriptures when it comes to our faith, because the Word of God is our measuring stick. Whatever is true will be proven through the Word. Whatever isn’t true will be exposed as false, as the Word will shed light on it. The easiest way to avoid being deceived is to search through the scriptures prayerfully, by the Holy Ghost’s lead.

      God bless you Brother and thanks again for your comment!

  2. This is a very good tip especially to those fresh Christians watching the blogosphere.
    Article was a bit short but very accurate info. Thank you for sharing this one because we all need to be careful.
    A must read post!

    • Hi Tonya,
      Thank you for your comment and kind remarks! It’s on us to be educated in the Lord and his Word in order to avoid becoming prey for the wolves!
      Thanks again and God bless you always in Christ Jesus!

  3. I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good.
    I don’t know who you are or anything but certainly you are going to be a famous blogger someday if you aren’t already 😉 Thanks & Cheers!

    • Hello there Mohammad,
      Thank you for your comment! Famous?? Whaaaaaat? lol, no, I’m not famous but thank you for that vote of confidence! I’m just someone who knows Jesus and wants to help people learn of him and all of the supernatural truth in Christ that there is to be found in his written Word. So long as I’m doing whatever I can to please God I’m happy enough with that. I do not aspire to become famous at all to be honest. But hey, let God’s will be done either way no matter what. If he’s happy I’m happy.
      I don’t believe in coincidences, and if you wound up here and aren’t sure how, please keep open to the possibility of the Lord directing your steps. Please feel free to check out other posts and pages on this website and enjoy yourself. I hope and pray that it blesses you!
      God bless you in Christ Jesus!

  4. Interesting article Bryan.

    I am not christian myself, I believe in infinite wisdom but not of God as a being. I know there is something out there higher than us that helps us daily but yeah.

    I do like how you are very passionate about your subject, you seem to know a lot and and ready to teach anyone and everyone about your beliefs to help them lead a better life, good on you!

    One thing I don’t get that you could hopefully elaborate on is on the t shirt at the bottom of the page, the line “life is a maybe”, what does that mean?

    Freedom Weight Loss

    • Hi Aiden,

      I believe the “life is a Maybe” part of the shirt is to reflect the uncertainty of life. Nobody is promised tomorrow. But as it continues, “Death is for Sure”, and it is. I think that was the point of that first sentence. Since life is a maybe and death is for sure, it may cause one to think about just how long death lasts. It’s going to last for a really long time, and it’s better to know where you’re going to go when you go.

      “Sin is the Cause”: The wages of sin is death.

      “Christ is the Cure”: Christ Jesus has conquered hell, death, and the grave!

      Revelation 1:18 I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.

      I respect your position, but I would be remiss if I didn’t let you know that the higher power that you referred to has a name and a body, And his Name is Jesus. Call upon him when you feel compelled to, he’ll let you know he’s there!

      Thanks for your comment and God bless you!

  5. Well, I have to admit that I don’t read the bible anymore, but your spirituality and the verses that you reference to are quite on target.

    Also I find your online bible study helpful to those who want to do extra research after their own personal bible study at their church or worship center.

    Those are some interesting T shirts you are promoting. Do you do your own T shirt graphic designs at your site?

    • Hello there and thank you for your comment.

      Unfortunately I don’t at this time. Maybe at some point I would fabricate my own (pun intended) but wouldn’t know what to slap on it. lol.

      Thank you for your kind remarks about the Bible Study section. If you don’t mind me asking, what made you stop reading the Bible?

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Google Apps is now G Suite. Same service, new name. More about the name change.

Move G Suite data to another service provider

If your organization decides to leave G Suite, your users can take their G Suite data with them. They can export emails, contacts, calendars, videos, and more. Then, they can import the data to your new provider. In most cases, each user needs to move their own data. Or, you can work with a G Suite partner to move data for you.

How you move data

  1. An administrator creates a new account for each user with your new provider.
  2. Each user exports their own G Suite data using one of these methods:
  3. Each user imports their own data to their new account.

Important: Make sure users move their data before you delete your organization’s G Suite account.

Export all G Suite data together

Each user can download all the data they need from their G Suite account (including emails, calendars, contacts, documents, bookmarks, and more) to one place at the same time. Users can choose which Google products to archive. For example, they can choose to download their emails and documents, but not their bookmarks or photos. Only the user can access their archive and import it into a new service.

For details, see Download your data.

Export data from individual Google products

Users can download data individually from the Google products they use:

  • Email—Users can download all Gmail messages to another mail client, such as Microsoft® Outlook® or Mozilla® Thunderbird®. First, an administrator needs to turn on POP and IMAP for users. Then, have each user set up IMAP to read messages from Gmail in other mail clients.
  • Contacts—Users can export their contacts as a CSV or vCard file to import into another email account. For details, see Manage contacts.
  • Calendar—Users can export events from a single calendar, or from all calendars in their My Calendars list. For details, see Export your calendar.
  • Drive—Users can save their Google Drive documents, spreadsheets, presentations and drawings to a computer or Android device in various file formats. For details, see Download a file.
  • All other Google products—See the in-product help for the product.

Export users’ data as an administrator

If, as an administrator, you want to download your users’ data using an API, you need to use a service account that’s authorized to access data on behalf of users in a domain.

For details, see Delegating domain-wide authority to a service account.

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Tap the Menu button Android Menu Button below the screen, select More and then choose Settings.


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FINV function

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution. If p = FDIST(x,...), then FINV(p,...) = x.

The F distribution can be used in an F-test that compares the degree of variability in two data sets. For example, you can analyze income distributions in the United States and Canada to determine whether the two countries have a similar degree of diversity.

Probability     is a probability associated with the F cumulative distribution.

Degrees_freedom1     is the numerator degrees of freedom.

Degrees_freedom2     is the denominator degrees of freedom.

  • If any argument is nonnumeric, FINV returns the #VALUE! error value.

  • If probability < 0 or probability > 1, FINV returns the #NUM! error value.

  • If degrees_freedom1 or degrees_freedom2 is not an integer, it is truncated.

  • If degrees_freedom1 < 1 or degrees_freedom1 ≥ 10^10, FINV returns the #NUM! error value.

  • If degrees_freedom2 < 1 or degrees_freedom2 ≥ 10^10, FINV returns the #NUM! error value.

FINV can be used to return critical values from the F distribution. For example, the output of an ANOVA calculation often includes data for the F statistic, F probability, and F critical value at the 0.05 significance level. To return the critical value of F, use the significance level as the probability argument to FINV.

FINV uses an iterative technique for calculating the function. Given a probability value, FINV iterates until the result is accurate to within ± 3x10^-7. If FINV does not converge after 100 iterations, the function returns the #N/A error value.

Description (Result)

Inverse of the F probability distribution for the specified arguments (15.20675)

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Sutherlands Home Improvement Centers and building materials 100-Year Anniversary
  • Some stock photographs may show options that are not included. Please check product description.

Davis Paint

Golden Glow Exterior Latex Primer Gallon

Mfg.# 0.24752
Sku# 119479
Location On Hand Price

No stock available in this market.

*Estimated stock levels as of Fri, Jan 20, 2017. All items subject to prior sale. Please call ahead to verify.

Series:Golden Glow


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Henry Highland Garnet
Marshall M.
Chad W.
Nash M.

Background - He was born as a slave on December 23rd, 1815, he was also very educated.  He was known for a leading abolitionist.  Henry was the first black to be a sermon in the house of representatives. The garnets were in danger of being captured by slave catchers. His parent nearly escaped the slave catchers. Went to a school at African free school. He gave a speech to get slaves to go against there owners.


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Advertise here
Online application form for graduate consulting recruiter

Online applications to consulting firms

Boost your graduate career chances with these tips on filling in online forms.
Successful applications require equal measures of time, effort and common sense.

Online application systems are favoured by many consulting employers. They do not replace the traditional CV and covering letter, however – these are usually requested in addition, as an attachment to the application. Expect to see the following kinds of categories in a typical consulting online application:

  • Registration: applicants must fill in their name and email address, create a password and choose a security question and answer. This enables them to save the form at any point to complete at a later date.
  • Personal information: name, address, telephone number, email etc., how a candidate heard about the vacancy.
  • Education: details sought here include university, degree and grades achieved, any other languages spoken. There is also an opportunity to record any other test scores.
  • Employment history.
  • Preferences and documents: covers preferred office and position, plus the facility to upload a covering letter, CV and exam results.

Exercise caution

Outside of work the internet and e-mail are primarily reserved for keeping in touch with friends and family: many applicants forget to switch off the informality when it comes to professional correspondence and this hasn’t gone unnoticed. Consulting recruiters have reported a drop in the quality and standard of applications since the switch to online systems. The main crimes are poor grammar and spelling errors, incorrect employer details, lower case personal pronouns (‘i’), and, in severe lapses, faux pas have included smileys and text speak. These mistakes will immediately blow your chances of creating a good impression. The best way of assuring this doesn’t happen is to take your time. Most online systems will allow you to save your work and come back to it at another time, so you don’t have to do it all in one sitting. It’s advisable to print a version off and ask a careers adviser, friend or family member to read through it for spelling, grammatical sense and consistency – don’t just rely on your computer’s spell-checker program to pick up things.

Meeting the criteria

Online systems are designed to filter out candidates who don’t meet the set criteria. Saying that, recruiters realise there may be reasons why you didn’t achieve better A level grades, for example. If this is the case use the ‘Other information’ box on the form to explain your circumstances. It’s also advisable to contact recruiters directly after submitting your application to explain things in person.

Checks and planning

Successful applications require equal measures of time, effort and common sense so make sure you’ve covered the four key points of consideration before hitting the ‘send’ button:

Preparation. Research is a key ingredient of producing successful applications so be sure to use all available resources (eg the internet, graduate recruitment literature, careers publications) to find out about an employer and the position.

Answering the question. Make sure your answers are tailored to the particular section of the application you’re completing and that you address the questions directly and succinctly.

Attention to detail. Read through your application a number of times to check for spelling mistakes. Ask a second person to check it as well.

Keep it professional. An online application form is a formal piece of written communication – whilst it is important to get your personality across in an application avoid using informal language and grammar and ‘quirky’ sentences. Avoid gimmicks at all costs.

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University of Brighton

University of Brighton

Principles of Podiatric Surgery

This course is suitable for practising podiatrists wanting to build on their skills and knowledge, advance their professional practice, and earn a further professional and academic qualification. The course is approved by the Faculty of Surgery, Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists. The course helps you to develop your clinical and communication skills, and broaden your knowledge of podiatric surgery whilst earning a formal qualification. You will examine interprofessional practice and work towards career development within the NHS and other institutions. We are known for our flexible approaches to practice-based learning, with course durations and intensities that can be adapted to your individual needs and outside commitments. The course is designed to fit around your existing practice hours. Week-long intensive study blocks allow attendance for students based in the UK, EU and internationally.

Entry requirements

Students must be eligible for registration with the Health and Care Professions Council as a podiatrist and normally have a minimum of 2 years' post-registration experience. Students from outside the UK must have successfully completed an undergraduate podiatry programme at a level equivalent to the UK BSc (Hons) Podiatry. Students will normally have an upper 2nd classification or above in their 1st degree. It is expected students will be within a professional setting for a minimum of 15 hours a week. It is a requirement of the course that students are currently practising podiatry.
For non-native speakers of English: IELTS 6.0 overall, with 6.5 in writing and a minimum of 5.5 in the other elements.

Course modules

Anatomy for podiatric practice (including cadaveric dissection); diagnostic imaging (including IRMER certification); clinical pharmacology (including POMs certification); pathology and microbiology; clinical biomechanics and musculoskeletal pathology affecting the lower extremity; research methods; surgical management of the foot; dissertation.

Qualification Study mode Start month Fee Course duration
MSc Part-time September 2016 - 2 years
PgCert Part-time September 2016 - 2 years
PgDip Part-time September 2016 - 2 years

Campus details

Campus name Town Postcode Region Main campus Campus Partner
Eastbourne Campus Eastbourne BN20 7UR South East

Get in touch

Remember to mention TARGETpostgrad when contacting universities.

Key information

Course Enquiries
Telephone number:
01273 644644


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CrunchDeals: Refurb TomTom ONE for $99 at

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Verizon sues Sprint, Sprint goes after AT&T

I’ll be honest with you. If I hadn’t gotten rid of my car late last year, I’d be tempted to pick one of these up myself. There are plenty of cheap GPS units out there but to be able to grab a TomTom unit for under $100 seems to be a pretty sweet deal.

The unit is refurbished, yes, but you’ll get the same warranty as if it were new (one year, I believe) and you can extend it through’s warranty service.

Specs include a 3.5-inch touchscreen, preloaded maps of the US and Canada, turn-by-turn voice directions, and millions of points of interest like gas stations, ATM machines, hotels, etc. Not too shabby.

It’s $119, plus a $20 mail in rebate at

TomTom ONE 3rd Edition Portable GPS System [] via FatWallet

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SGN offers Wii-like gameplay

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First look at the Google iPhone search app

We’ve had a blast playing SGN’s suite of Wii-like games over the last few months – iGolf, iBowl and iBaseball (basketball, tennis and boxing are coming soon). The apps are being downloaded like crazy on the App store, and no wonder – you get to swing your iPhone all over the place while you play the games.

Now SGN is rolling out something a little different. iFun turns the iPhone into a Wii-like controller, but the actual games are played on normal desktop and laptop computers.

The first title to launch is golf. If you don’t quite get it, see the video below. SGN says they may license other online games to add to the iFun platform, and will release an API for other developers to launch their games on iFun.

Super. Duper. Cool.

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Managing Lync Server 2013 disaster recovery, high availability, and Backup Service

Lync Server 2013

Topic Last Modified: 2012-11-12

This section contains procedures for disaster recovery operations, as well as for maintaining the Backup Service which synchronizes the data in paired Front End pools.

Disaster recovery procedures, both failover and failback, are manual. If there is a disaster, the administrator must manually invoke the failover procedures. The same applies to failback after the pool is repaired.

The disaster recovery procedures in the rest of this section assume the following:

  • You have a deployment with paired Front End pools, located in different sites, as described in Planning for high availability and disaster recovery in Lync Server 2013. The Backup Service has been running on these paired pools to keep them synchronized.

  • If the Central Management store is hosted on either pool, it is installed and running on both of the paired pools, with one of those pools hosting the active master and the other pool hosting the standby.

In the following procedures, the PoolFQDN parameter refers to the FQDN of the pool that is affected by disaster, not the pool that affected users are being redirected from. For the same set of affected users, it refers to the same pool in both failover and failback cmdlets (that is, the pool that first homed the users before the failover).
For example, assume a case in which all users homed on a pool P1 were failed over to the backup pool, P2. If the administrator wants to move all the users currently serviced by P2 to be serviced by P1, the administrator must perform the following steps:
  1. Fail back all the users originally homed on P1 from P2 to P1 using the failback cmdlet. In this case, the PoolFQDN is P1’s FQDN.

  2. Fail over all the users originally homed on P2 to P1 using the failover cmdlet. In this case, the PoolFQDN is P2’s FQDN.

  3. If the administrator later wants to fail back those P2 users back to P2, the PoolFQDN is P2’s FQDN.

Note that step 1 above must be performed before step 2 to preserve pool integrity. If you try step 2 before step 1, the step 2 cmdlet will fail.


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Pan-Fried Fish

By Carolyn Shearlock © 2014 • all rights reserved

Includes a tip for not overcooking fish

We eat a fair amount of fish these days, and this is one of my favorite ways to prepare any sort of white fish. While you can use tuna and salmon, I think they’re much better cooked other ways.

This isn’t really a recipe, in the sense of giving specific ingredients and amounts, just “how I do it” along with a couple of tips that give me great results every time.

Pat fillets dry and place on a plate or cutting board.

Sprinkle corn flour (masa) over the fillets, then flip fillets over and wiggle them around so they are totally covered.

  • You can use white or wheat flour, but I like the slightly crunchy texture that the corn flour adds, not to mention the slightly different taste.
  • Corn flour is usually with the Mexican foods at the grocery — be sure not to get the tortilla mix! You can also use corn meal, but corn flour has a smoother texture.

Sprinkle fillets with salt, pepper and garlic (or your favorite combination) — I often use Montreal Steak Seasoning as a close and good substitute. Cajun Spice Mix is also good, as is Mrs. Dash.

Heat a small amount of vegetable oil in a skillet over almost-high heat until it is sizzling but not smoking.

Place the fillets in the pan and cook 2 to 5 minutes depending on how thick they are.  Bottom should be nicely golden before you flip them.  Carefully turn with a broad spatula so the fillets don’t come apart.

Use an instant-read thermometer to test for doneness after a further 2 to 5 minutes. Insert it into the center of the fillet; when done, it will read 135º F. (download my PDF of all instant-read temperatures). Using a thermometer to check for doneness is the biggest tip I have for cooking fish and having it turn out well. I was always afraid of having underdone fish that I would cook it until dry and awful.

NOTE: you can also cook the fillets on the grill — we use our barbecue sheet and have great results. Again, check for doneness with a thermometer.

Serve and enjoy!

P.S. There are complete directions — with photos — for filleting fish in The Boat Galley Cookbook, along with 16 other great ways to prepare fish.

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Shortlist for the Hilarys announced

January 21, 2014

Please note voting is now closed.

Following last night’s meeting I am very pleased to be able to announce the shortlist for the Hilarys 2013. The self selected Awards Committee first spent a bit of time debating the criteria for the various awards and also the seeming lack of nominations for the category of most promising newcomer. As a result they ended up slightly changing this category and adding new wording to try to explain a little better what was being looked for in that and the most thought-provoking encounter category. Next the nominations were shortlisted – see below – and an extra nomination was added because the committee saw it as a glaring omission given the re-jigging of the newcomer category.

We would like to send out both congratulations and commiserations to all those nominations that did not make the shortlist. It was very hard to choose between so many excellent possibilities. The final shortlist (in no particular order) is however as follows.

Most thought-provoking encounter – the outside perspective that best conveys to the profession an insight into, or illustration of, the multiplicity of meanings of archives and records

Most promising new(s)comer – the news story or event that offered the greatest potential for communicating the issues involved in, and the importance of, recordkeeping to wider society

As you can see you can vote for your favourite. Everyone is eligible to vote, but please only vote once in each category. The formal presentation of the winners will take place at the UKAD Forum on 27 March 2014 so voting will close the evening before. Plenty of time then to have a think and place your vote.

  1. Louise R permalink

    Sounds a bit picky I know but wasn’t Hillsborough Independent Panel Report published 2012, not 2013?

  2. All true, but it has been in the news on and off since. Then again, as it is our first year of the Hilarys we don’t have to be too rigid in the year boundary. Who knows if we decide to do this again we may make it bi-annual and then anything from the previous two years would count!

    • Louise R permalink

      Thanks for clarification. All sounds very sensible. Sorry I couldn’t make the meeting!

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Uh Oh, Pooty-Poot Is Not Going To Be Happy About This

Tensions Soar As Ukraine Says Destroys Russian Armour – Yahoo News

Ukraine said on Friday it had destroyed part of a Russian military convoy that entered onto its territory in an incursion that has sent cross-border tensions rocketing.

NATO accused Russia of active involvement in the “destabilisation” of eastern Ukraine, where pro-Kremlin separatists have been fighting against Kiev for four months.

The two countries have also been wrangling for days over a Russian convoy that Moscow says is carrying humanitarian aid for besieged rebel-held cities but which Kiev suspects could be a “Trojan horse” to provide military help to the insurgents.

Fears that the border clash could spill into all-out war between Kiev and Moscow sent major share markets tumbling across Europe and the United States.

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko told British Prime Minister David Cameron that government artillery had destroyed a “considerable part” of a small military convoy that entered the country, the presidency said in a statement.

The European Union demanded that Russia “put an immediate stop to any form of border hostilities, in particular to the flow of arms, military advisers and armed personnel into the conflict region, and to withdraw its forces from the border.”

French President Francois Hollande called on Russia to respect Ukraine’s territorial integrity and for both sides to try to de-escalate the “very high tensions,” while Britain summoned Moscow’s ambassador to “clarify” the situation and a Cameron spokesman said Russia needs to show “a willingness to find a peaceful solution to the conflict”.

Moscow’s defence ministry dismissed the alleged convoy as a “phantom”, its latest denial of Western accusations that it is funnelling weapons to the pro-Russia separatists who launched an insurgency against Kiev in April.

“Such statements, based on fantasies… should not be a subject of serious discussion for leaders of any country,” spokesman Igor Konashenkov told Russian news agencies.

But NATO chief Anders Fogh Rasmussen backed reports of the “Russian incursion” after British media said it had seen the convoy of some 20 vehicles cross the border.

“It just confirms the fact that we see a continued flow of weapons and fighters from Russia into the eastern Ukraine,” he said.

“It is a clear demonstration of continued Russian involvement in the destabilisation of eastern Ukraine.”

As the fallout snowballed, Ukraine’s foreign minister announced he will meet his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov in Berlin on Sunday for talks alongside the top diplomats from France and Germany.

“Be it a square table or a round one, we need to talk,” minister Pavlo Klimkin wrote on Twitter.

– ‘Attempts to derail aid’ –

Russia’s foreign ministry ominously accused Ukraine of “attempts to derail the supply of humanitarian aid” as doubts swirled over what will happen next to almost 300 Russian trucks parked up some 30 kilometres (20 miles) from Ukraine’s border.

Moscow accused Kiev of stepping up military operations with the “obvious goal” of blocking the agreed route.

It had appeared earlier that the two countries might reach a deal to allow the convoy into Ukraine to help people in the east who are without water, food or power.

But the International Committee of the Red Cross said they were still ironing out details over the shipment.

“People are struggling to cope with limited access to basic services such as water and electricity, so speed is of the essence,” said Laurent Corbaz, ICRC head of operations for Europe and Central Asia.

The head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic, Alexander Zakharchenko, said Friday that the inhabitants were in “a very bad humanitarian situation” and desperately needing Russian aid.

“We just need it like air,” he said, accusing Kiev of deliberately stalling its arrival.

Ukraine fears the convoy could be used as a pretext to invade, as a pro-Moscow rebellion shows signs of unravelling after four months of fighting that has left more than 2,000 people dead including children and sent around 285,000 fleeing their homes.

Moscow has insisted the white-tarpaulin trucks are hauling aid and officials tried to prove that by showing off the contents of 10 lorries with baby formula, rations and bottled water to journalists.

“We’ve shown you everything. You see that we have nothing to hide – these trucks are carrying nothing but humanitarian aid,” said Sergei Karavaytsev, from Russia’s emergency situations ministry.

– Kiev pushes on offensive –

Meanwhile Ukraine said it was forging on with an offensive that has sent rebel forces reeling, retaking three small towns overnight.

Top rebel military chief Igor Strelkov and another key commander announced Thursday they were quitting after Ukraine’s military said it had completely surrounded Lugansk, cutting all links to the border with Russia.

An AFP journalist in the main rebel-held city of Donetsk in the industrial heartland of eastern Ukraine heard sporadic shelling from a suburb and saw rebels driving howitzer cannons into the city centre.

The death toll continues to climb, with mortar fire in Donetsk killing 11 civilians over the past 24 hours, local authorities said. Five soldiers were also killed in fighting over the same period.

As the Russian aid sat at the border, Ukrainian officials said their own aid convoys – some 75 lorries with 800 tonnes of supplies – had arrived at a government-held town about 100 kilometres north of Lugansk.

One thought on “Uh Oh, Pooty-Poot Is Not Going To Be Happy About This

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Our reader, who sounds very similar to a few other readers we have ;-) was apparently at the opening of The Greenwich, a new development on the cusp of Russian Hill and Cow Hollow, and had this to say:

Was at the Grand Opening of “The Greenwich” and it was a ZOO. Maybe 500 people in 45 minutes? Lots of foreigners from Europe and Asia all clamoring for $1,000-$1,600/sqft prices. Interesting.

Don’t believe the exact number of people through, and certainly don’t picture a bunch of French or Italians crawling over each other to sign contracts (that only happens during the World Cup), but take note that it was apparently pretty busy.

The Grand Opening was indeed this weekend, and we plan on checking them out tomorrow. For details on the property, please go to their website.

And of course, some pricing for your viewing and buying pleasure:

-#201: 2 bed/2 bath; 1131 square feet; $1,049,000

-#202: 2 bed/2 bath; 932 square feet; $929,000

-#306: 1 bed/1 bath; 615 square feet; $589,000

-#307: 2 bed/2 bath; 1104 square feet; $1,099,000

-#406: 3 bed/2.5 bath; 1421 square feet; $1,695,000

-#502: 3 bed/2.5 bath; 1533 square feet; $1,895,000

-#601 penthouse: 3 bed/2.5 bath; 1609 square feet; $1,949,000

-#603 penthouse: 3 bed/2.5 bath; 1468 square feet; $2,295,000

-All other pricing for other units pending Second Release

-HOA fees range $399-$507

[Picture of unit #601 priced at $1,949,000

If you are interested in viewing one of these units, or have any other questions, feel free to contact us.

[Update: Yours truly, Alex, just literally walked out of touring the entire building. I have all the information you need, but not enough time to post. If you are interested in purchasing a unit, and want my pick of units in this building, give me a shout, alexclark@gmail.com.]

[Update: Pricing is “make us an offer”.]

The Greenwich [property website with features and floorplans]

Listing Detail #601 [Redfin]

  1. I have another friend who went this weekend, and corroborates. What was interesting was the amount of elderly people there i.e. 50+, perhaps 60+. It makes me wonder whether there is this spigot of money from the older demographic who wants to SF property, and condos in particular with lower maintenance. This is the only new development on the North End, so I can see why there were so many people.

    I will be absolutely shocked if the 4th floor and above units get $1,000-$1,566/sqft. Supposedly they are accepting offers this Friday, and testing out the market for the remaining “second phase” units.

    If these places sell, I’d be very curious if those who bought can provide us with some color on what you do, how much you make, and why aren’t you buying into the world is coming to an end pandemonium.

  2. The Fontana is not visible from this building – because the view in that direction is completely blocked from the building just across Greenwich!!

  3. Fontana isn’t a factor with this building’s views. I’ll take a stand right here and state that less than 50% of the first phase condos will get offers this Friday. Goodluck Shamrock!

  4. Alex, pls provide a couple lines on your thoughts of the building. Pricing in particular and whether you think they’ll get it? I’m trying to buy a place for my son, and don’t want to pay more than $1,100/sqft for the upper two flrs.

  5. Was going to post on the front page regarding my thoughts. I was back there again with a client for a second look. Looks like he’ll pass. I think every single unit in the entire building is grossly over priced, finishes are nowhere near where they should be for those prices, the penthouse units are worse than the 5th floor units, and if I had the money to buy any one unit in the building it would be 503. Best exposure, best deck, best views, best living area, but the counter tops and flooring in the master bathroom are awful. Bedrooms are small, the “built in” closets are a clever way around real closets and the cabinetry is not my choice of color. The flooring felt cheap, there were lots of “punch list” items that need to be taken care of, the elevator didn’t appear to be working properly, the carpet in the hallways was God awful, the front door buzzer didn’t work, and the lighting fixtures in the units were marginal at best. That’s my opinion. I have some other clients who find this type of “style” appealing, and are not concerned with little things like me, so I’ll be taking them there as well. Otherwise, they’re great! ;-) Oh, and regarding pricing it’s “make us an offer”.

  6. Aggressive stance Alex! I like! I agree, the 5th flr west facing units better (double vanities, larger deck, etc). I will simply be amazed if they get the $1,500/sqft they are asking. I tried offering about 25% below that figure, and they simply said “no way that’s going to happen.”

    Well, will just have to wait until Saturday to see if they get any offers. Again, I stand consistent in saying they won’t have offers for even half the units i.e. 3 out of 7 MAYBE.

    The thing with New Construction though, is that they’ll continue to work on it. They aren’t done finishing and touching the place up.

  7. i have yet to see a developer negotiate with new units in this town. that would be a real sign of what’s going on with our market.

  8. BTW, I change my stance on The Greenwich. Now I do think #504 will sell for over $2mil at only 1,500/sqft, and #604 will get $2.295 mil, also the same size. It’s crazy. A lot of old money, older couples, rich Venture Capitalists…. it’s just silly. Let’s discuss again next week.

    I’m actually pretty pissed that these units are going to sell at these asking prices. i firmly believe they are asking 20% too much, and this is absolutely silliness.

  9. What district is this property in? 7 or 6? Heard 9 or 10 units got int contract, and the top ones over asking.

    [Editor: District 7]

  10. Why would older folks prefer to overpay @ $1563 per sq ft. to live on Van Ness with inferior finishes, service and amenities when you can overpay @ $1600+ a sq ft to live around Market and have a butler, room service, a restaurant, indoor pool, gym, valet parking and spa at one of the luxury hotel condos?

  11. Nicole – It’s b/c the north end is a rarely buildable, and highly desirable place to live. That is why prices kept going up in 2006, 2007, and now 2008 for D7. Location, location, location.

    I heard it went over $1,563 for the top flr West facing unit. Guess we’ll see.

  12. Nicole – People have come to their senses that spending over $500/sqft in SOMA aka, the trenches is not that great of a move, especially with hundreds and hundreds of new condos coming to the market.

    If I had $1.5 mil bucks lying around, I’d buy in The Greenwich vs. any SOMA condo any day. As long as SOMA condos are selling for more than $500/sqft, I will never buy there, but obviously hundreds of other people do. To each her own.

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Former acting CIA Director Michael Morell said in an interview Monday that U.S. policy in Syria should be to make Iran and Russia “pay a price” by arming local groups and instructing them to kill Iranian and Russian personnel in the country.

Morell was appearing on the Charlie Rose show on PBS in the wake of his publicly endorsing Hillary Clinton on the New York Times opinion pages.

Clinton has expressed support for increased military intervention in Syria against Bashar al-Assad’s Syrian government. Iran and Russia are backing Assad.

“What they need is to have the Russians and Iranians pay a little price,” Morell said. “When we were in Iraq, the Iranians were giving weapons to the Shia militia, who were killing American soldiers, right? The Iranians were making us pay a price. We need to make the Iranians pay a price in Syria. We need to make the Russians pay a price.”

Morell said the killing of Russians and Iranians should be undertaken “covertly, so you don’t tell the world about it, you don’t stand up at the Pentagon and say ‘we did this.’ But you make sure they know it in Moscow and Tehran.”

Morell also proposed that U.S. forces begin bombing Syrian government installations, including government offices, aircraft and presidential guard positions. The former acting CIA director said that he wanted to “scare Assad.” Morell clarified that he wasn’t actually calling for Assad’s assassination.

He compared his proposal to American support for groups that targeted Russian forces in Afghanistan during the 1980’s — efforts that later helped incubate al Qaeda. He seemed unconcerned about how other parties might respond to such actions, beyond speculating that they might provide leverage for future negotiations.

If put into effect, Morell’s plans would entail a massive escalation of American covert military involvement in Syria that would bring the United States much closer to direct confrontation with Russia and Iran.

Morell’s endorsement of Clinton was quickly seen as a sign that he was interested in a role in a possible Clinton administration. He wrote that Clinton would be a “highly qualified commander in chief” and a “strong proponent of a more aggressive approach” to the conflict in Syria.

Morell told Rose that he had not discussed his proposal to kill Russian and Iranian personnel in Syria with Clinton, though he believed she was supportive of efforts to gain “diplomatic leverage.”

After leaving the CIA in 2013, Morell authored a memoir entitled “The Great War of Our Time.” The book was widely criticized for defending detainee torture in the post-9/11 era. Morell was also a co-author of a “rebuttal” to the Senate Intelligence Committee torture report.

Last week, CBS announced that Morell had left his role as a network news analyst so that he could begin publicly supporting Clinton’s run. During his interview with Rose, Morell continued to heap praise on Clinton’s perspective on U.S. relations with Syria, Russia and Iran.

This weekend, Hillary Clinton touted Morell’s endorsement on her Twitter page:

In other circles, Morell’s op-ed generated criticism of his role in defending torture, and the Times‘s failure to identify his employment at a consulting firm with strong ties to Clinton:

The Charlie Rose interview led one blogger to further update the title of Morell’s op-ed:

Top photo: Morell testifies on Capitol Hill in 2014.


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Mobile | News

eChalk Brings Instructional Management Tool to Android, iOS

Ed tech developer eChalk has launched new instructional management apps for Android and iOS devices. The free apps provide access to certain features of eChalk's K-12 suite.

eChalk provides a suite of mobile and Web-based communications, learning, management, administrative, and collaboration tools, along with standards-aligned digital materials. The company's core platform includes tools for building school sites and class portals; building electronic commerce functions into those sites; storing files and grades; communicating and collaborating between teachers, parents, students, and administrators; sending out emergency notifications and other mass announcements; planning lessons; conducting online classes; collecting homework; and providing professional training resources.

The mobile apps provide a limited set of eChalk functionality, including:

  • Announcements and alerts;
  • Access to instructional resources and support materials;
  • A teacher dashboard;
  • A student dashboard for accessing assignments and viewing messages;
  • A parent dashboard for viewing their children's information; and
  • Access to technical support.

eChalk's mobile apps are available free for current users. To download the apps, users must log in to their eChalk accounts. Additional details are available on eChalk's site.

In separate news, eChalk reported that it's working to integrate its software with Google Apps for Edu and Microsoft Live@edu. That integration is expected to be completed by the end of the year.

About the Author

David Nagel is editorial director, education for 1105 Media's Public Sector Media Group and editor-in-chief of THE Journal. A 22-year publishing veteran, Nagel has led or contributed to dozens of technology, art and business publications.

He can be reached at You can also connect with him on LinkedIn at or follow him on Twitter at @THEJournalDave (K-12) or @CampusTechDave (higher education).

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Theological Interpretation & Sola Scriptura—Is it even Possible?

Guest Post: Ben Witherington III

I was talking the other day to a person who had come from a ‘Word Only’ Christian Church.  These folks take the Bible alone as their authority—even the Holy Spirit has no independent voice in these circles, nor does the church and its traditions.  What is perhaps most striking about this extreme example of sola Scriptura is the lack of awareness by its practitioners that they themselves are violating this shibboleth all the time when it comes to theology and praxis.  For example, ‘Word only’ folks most definitely have a rather developed theology of baptism which cannot be found in detail in the New Testament.  Even more ironically, the theology they have of the New Testament being Scripture is not fully grounded in the New Testament itself.

For example, nowhere in the New Testament itself is there a canon list which delimits what is and should be included in the NT corpus and what books should be excluded.  Canon lists are external to the corpus of the NT itself.  There are of course many other examples that one could cite to make this point, but this one must suffice.   If ‘sola Scriptura’ means the Bible only as an authority for the church, then there are inherent problems that ensue.  If it merely means that the Bible is the final norm, the final authority of faith and practice, that is another matter entirely.  The latter approach does not rule out theological and ethical development of thought beyond, but consistent with, what is in the canon.

In my recent two volume work, The Indelible Image, (Inter Varsity Press)  I have argued at some length that what we have in the New Testament is theologizing and ethicizing into specific situations. In other words, what we have is the doing of theology and the doing of ethics.  We do not have any systematic theology books in the NT or any ethics compendiums in the NT.  All of the 27 documents in the NT are purpose-driven, to use a now well-worn and hackneyed phrase.  One conclusion that one has to draw from this is that responsible theological interpretation, like responsible ethical interpretation of the NT, requires development beyond what the Scriptures say, precisely because what is in the text is ‘partial and piecemeal’,  there is an incompleteness to it.

Take for instance the theology of Scripture itself, or even the theology of the Trinity or a theology of baptism.  What you find in the NT is raw data with which one can construct a viable theology of a three-personed God or a viable theology of the inspiration and authority of these NT books or a viable theology of baptism, but I use the word construct advisedly.  There will need to be development beyond what is said in the text if one is to have anything like a full orbed theology of any one of these subjects, and we could say the same about a whole host of ethical subjects as well.

The Greek Church Fathers understood this fact perfectly well which is why, for example the first great Christological council, in Nicaea in 325 transpired even before the church had generally agreed on these 27 books as the exclusive documents in the New Testament. In other words, it was clear to them that the doctrine of Christ had to be amplified on the basis of the apostolic sources, had to be spun out further, had to be developed into a full treatment, if there was to be an adequate understanding of this doctrine.  Of course it is true that the Nicene Creed had to then be checked by and normed by Scripture itself, especially when it came to notions like the immutability or impassability of God, but nevertheless, just the having of such a council showed that these theologians understood that Scripture never stands entirely alone, and indeed it needs some development, some amplification and clarification.  But this of course raised the issue of the relationship of Scripture to later tradition, and indeed it still raises that issue today.

What needs to be recognized even by the ‘Word Only’ folks, is that it is never, and never has been, a matter of Scripture or tradition, but always a matter of both/and.  Here however is where I would part company with non-Protestants.  I agree with my old mentor Bruce Metzger and other Protestant scholars that the church does not have the final authority, for faith and practice, the Bible does.  I agree further with Metzger that the church did not so much form the NT canon, as it simply recognized it under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. And what this means for me, when it comes to responsible theological or ethical interpretation is that the inspired traditions in the text must necessarily have the final say and be the norm when we are evaluating the theology and ethics that goes beyond the text.

If a theology cannot be shown to be a logical and coherent deduction from or implication from Scripture, or that it is consistent with all that we find in Scripture, then that theology should not itself be given any special or final authority for the church. And indeed if a theology goes flatly against some plain teaching of Scripture, so much the worse for that theology. It is not responsible systematic reflection on or grounded in the Bible.  A good example of what I am talking about, for instance, would be the notions of the immaculate conception and the perpetual virginity of Mary.  These notions are not only not found in Scripture, they seem to go clearly against numerous statements in the Gospels and elsewhere that suggest that Joseph and Mary had children subsequent to the birth of Jesus and indeed that Mary needed to offer a sacrifice for purification in the temple at one point. Both of these ideas are later theological ideas which were born out of the ascetical movement in the church, already in evidence in the second half of the second century A.D., ideas which do not pass the litmus test of a close reading of Scripture.

Sola Scriptura  is a notion often used and abused, but rightly understood, and rightly used it provides us with a norm and guide for what can, and cannot be called responsible theological interpretation, and for that matter, responsible ethical interpretation.  It would be my hope that we would all be more reflective and self-critical about the things we think are Scriptural, but often only reflect later church traditions. At a minimum we need to be able to ask and answer the question—is this idea a legitimate development or logical amplification of what we find in the Bible (for more on the inspiration and authority of Scripture see my The Living Word of God, (Baylor).

7 thoughts on “Theological Interpretation & Sola Scriptura—Is it even Possible?

  1. Thanks for the post!
    I have a somewhat more practical question. In the past year, I have found myself often encountering “word only” type churches and their members, which has repeatedly lead to my chastisement. As your post makes clear, it is apparent those churches and myself affirm two different understandings of sola scriptura.

    My question is, when dialoguing with someone entrenched in that “tradition”, what possible common ground is there to begin a civil conversation or dialectic? As I have often found them (note: I realize sweeping generalizations are unfair — this is all subjective to my experiences) unwilling to genuinely examine the matter.

  2. I think the term solo scriptura might be more adequate here. It seems that historically, sola scriptura, like in the hands of someone like Luther never mitigated the need for the “tradition” as part-and-parcel of the interpretive process.

    I liked the post though, we definitely need to emphasize the need for good theological exegesis; since everyone does, even those like you note in the body of the post (those who deny it, which I would say involves most Evangelicals, unfortunately).

  3. Hi Steven: Excellent question. I suppose you could ask them what they think the role of the Holy Spirit is in the life of the believer and why, if they do think so, it has changed so drastically since Paul described it in 1 Corinthians and Romans? If they point you to the end of 1 Cor. 13 as if the word perfect refers to the canon, you can certainly point out that the NT canon didn’t exist then, and the Corinthians could never have understood it to mean that. It refers to the end of the eschatological age when we see Christ face to face.

    Ben W.

  4. Dear Rev. Kent D. Eilers, Greetings in Christ Jesus!

    I am an independent international evangelist: My background: Systematic Theology at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary: South Hamilton, Massachusetts: USA:
    I am very much concerned about Jesus Christ as the the Ultimate Judge on Earth: Why the Christendom world is not spending mots their time teaching about Jesus Christ the world savor and the ultimate Judge on Earth?
    Jesus Christ is inevitable! If individuals and humanity are to progress, Jesus Christ is inescapable! We ignore Him at our own wicked risk: [Acts 17: 30: Ezek 18: 30-32]:

    Athanasius-John Nkomo

  5. Thanks Dr. Witherington for your post. I have followed your teachings and have found them most instructive. I have always valued your expertise in surrounding the Text with a strong historical anchor in which it was written. On top of all of that, your writings are very accessible to one who enjoys theologizing, but is not necessarily steeped in it.

    Thanks again and God’s blessings on your work. Thanks Kent for inviting Dr. Witherington to join this amazing community of thoughtful and reflective followers of Jesus!

  6. Isn’t this the stand that Catholic church always emphasised vs. the evangelical sects. That the word of God is manifested and revealed through the Holy Spirit through out the world even today in different ways, including church traditions.

    Catholic church is rich in theology and experience, thus hoping that more and more groups converge to share understanding and agreement in love.

    Jesus is the means and the foundation of the Universe! Everything comes to pass through Him and the relationship with Jesus will come through the outpouring love of the Holy Spirit.

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text:
An Ever-Increasing Attribute

For too long I’ve not posted on the theology of my favorite thinker, Herman Bavinck.  His bibliology is  among the most impressive features of the Reformed Dogmatics and it remains instructive for any of us  today who hold that theology is ultimately a matter of reflecting on and elaborating the divine teaching of  Holy Scripture.  Here I’ll sketch briefly his understanding of the necessity of Scripture in hopes of  generating some discussion.

In line with classic Protestant thinking about the Bible, Bavinck contends for its necessity over against  Roman Catholicism, mysticism, and rationalism.  Rome, says Bavinck, has abandoned the notion that  Scripture funds the being of the church and has propped up the church with its teaching office as autopistos (trustworthy in and of itself) and sufficient for norming doctrine and praxis.  Mysticism also disregards the necessity of Scripture but by undervaluing the external word and overemphasizing the importance of the internal word delivered to the heart of the individual believer in communion with God and by the Holy Spirit.  Rationalism too undermines the necessity of Scripture by identifying that internal teaching of the Spirit with the natural light of reason and suggesting that the latter provides all the furnishings for the content of faith.

However, on supposition of God’s decision to address his people in the canonical writ, we’re obliged to affirm the necessity of Scripture.  For Bavinck, the Bible itself is an instance of God’s self-revelation and, therefore, the church cannot be its author.  The church “may be older than the written word, but it is definitely younger than the spoken word” (Reformed Dogmatics, 1:470).  In other words, absolutely, the word creates and governs the church, even if subsequently God organically (not mechanically) employs human agents to inscripturate the word for future generations.  With the passing of the first century, “the time-distance from the apostles grew greater, their writings became more important, and the necessity of these writings gradually intensified.  The necessity of Scripture, in fact, is not a stable but an ever-increasing attribute” (ibid.).  The Bible, then, is a divine gift for the transmission, preservation, and propagation of the word of God: “The sound of a voice passes away, but the written letter remains” (ibid., 1:471).

Intriguingly, the historical amplification of this attribute concerns not just the death of the apostles but also the phenomena of modern life:

To the degree that humankind becomes larger, life becomes shorter, the memory weaker, science more extensive, error more serious, and deception more brazen, the necessity of Holy Scripture increases.  Print and the press are gaining in significance in every area of life.  The invention of printing was a giant step to heaven and to hell….It is true that religious literature remains for many people the primary nourishment for their spiritual life.  Still, this proves nothing against the necessity of Holy Scripture.  Since directly or indirectly, all Christian truth is drawn from it.  The diverted stream also gets its water from the source (ibid., 1:472).

More could be said, but any thoughts on Bavinck’s theological moves or the implications for the proliferation of both skeptical and religious literature that we currently see?

6 thoughts on “An Ever-Increasing Attribute

  1. Steve,

    How does Bavinck avoid collapsing God into the text? I.e. it sounds like, on first blush, that he sees Scripture as the ‘fourth person’ of the Trinity. Or maybe it’s the way you’ve phrased it, “. . . For Bavinck, the Bible itself is an instance of God’s self-revelation and, therefore, the church cannot be its author. . . .” When I think of self revelation of God, I think of Christ (Jn 1.18); when I think of Scripture, I think of witness (Jn. 5.39).

    Anyway, I’m sure I’m probably over-reading here; but would you mind clarifying. I’m sure you’re just saying that along with the rest of the “Reformed tradition,” Bavinck sees scripture as the principum cognoscendi; and thus source for all true knowledge of God.

    • Bobby,

      I think that’s a really important question, especially given the influence of Barth in contemporary theology. Bavinck certainly doesn’t want to make Scripture, as you said, “the fourth person of the Trinity.” Yet he also doesn’t hold back from calling it a species of God’s self-revelation. He calls even revelation in creation an instance of God’s self-revelation. This is because, for him, every form of divine revelation has God as its author and content. Bavinck’s schema can’t be squeezed into Barth’s schema wherein the only instance of God’s self-revelation is ultimately God the Son. That’s what allows him to call Scripture a form of God’s self-revelation without rendering it a divine person. Bavinck argues that the inscripturated word is meant to serve and to witness to the Christ as the Word of God, but he still believes that Scripture is an instance of divine speech and, therefore, a mode of divine revelation. I suppose, then, that a short answer to your question of how Bavinck avoids locating Scripture within the Godhead is that he simply isn’t Barthian.

      I hope that brings at least some clarity. Any other thoughts on this?

      • Steve,

        Thanks. I suppose my question was more of a constructive vs. descriptive one. You’re right to notice Barth, or more for me, TF Torrance lurking back behind my question. So it appears that Bavinck operates out of the analogia entis — of same shape — and does not delimit ‘revelation’ of God to God-self in Christ (or at least he’s not working with these kinds of grammatical strictures in place). Which to me seems at odds — constructively thinking — with the intent of Nicaea. Yet, what bothers me, is the idea of ‘revelation’; can you flesh out, further, what Bavinck meant by ‘scripture’ being a “mode” (as you say) of divine revelation? By saying mode of revelation I’m not sure if this is meant in a correlative or analogous way — how does he distinguish the Incarnation for example from the “mode” of Scripture as revelation?

  2. Bobby,

    I need to do a bit more study of the analogia entis in the tradition as well as in Barth, but it seems to me (correct me if I’m wrong) that Barth (I’m not sure about Torrance) takes the concept in a direction different from that of the tradition. While the importance of the Creator-creature distinction looms large in earlier and Protestant theology, the analogia entis posits that there is some scant resemblance between the perfections found in God and the reflections of those perfections, however limited and flawed they may be, in the world of creation. For Barth, however, the analogia entis is taken, along with the imago Dei, to indicate a human aptitude for revelation or for receiving revelation. Someone like Bavinck would affirm the tradition’s take on the analogia entis (if I’ve got it right here; perhaps I don’t) under the rubric of the communicable attributes of God. With Barth, he would also say that sinful humanity is resistant toward God’s revelation, but he might question the conceptual employment of the analogia entis to get the point across. I can speak for myself at least and confess that I’m not sure Barth’s take on the analogia entis is helpful.

    On the related question of the intention of Nicea, I’m guessing you have in mind primarily the fathers’ desire highlight the homoousion and, thus, the supremacy of Christ alongside the Father and in the economy of salvation. I honestly don’t see a reason why Christ’s divinity and importance to the economy are compromised if one asserts, with the mainstream of historic Christian theology, that God’s self-disclosure is not limited to the second person of the Godhead. Certainly, each locus of revelation is such only under the decision of God to use it as such. Each is specially tied to God’s presence. God is the author and content of revelation whatever the locus of it. However, to lay my cards on the table again, though I appreciate a lot of what Barth has to say, I think he makes some unfortunate moves in his doctrine of revelation. I appreciate his commitment to the authority of Scripture, but I think he’s missed pieces of Scripture’s own account of revelation.

    I’m not sure how much I can elaborate on the term “mode.” Perhaps it would help to complement “mode of revelation” by saying “a way in which God’s revelation take shape” or “an instance of God’s revelation, which can and does take on other forms.” On the question of how to distinguish between the incarnation and Scripture as modes of revelation, I think it’s important to specify that the incarnation is the supreme instance of divine revelation and that the written word as revelation simply ministers and unpacks the fullness of revelation in the incarnation. However, maybe it’s working too hard to puzzle over how to distinguish the two modes of revelation. One is the coming of God the Son to carry out his mission in the world and one is a written text in which God speaks ongoingly to his people. The two just are inseparable but distinct forms of revelation. This may sound simplistic, but it seems to me that only a peculiarly Barthian take on revelation generates the kinds of problems you’re wanting to address. I am of the view that the Barthian understanding of revelation, in light of the pertinent biblical teaching and its exposition in classic Protestant thought, is misshaped.

    I hope I’ve not come off as harsh or narrowly critical of Barth’s work. I do think he and others like Torrance have their contributions to make. In any event, Bobby, I’m grateful for your thoughts and questions. They’ve pushed me to flesh out my thoughts a bit more. If I haven’t quite touched on something you had in mind, feel free to say so. Or, if you’ve got another point of contention, feel to put it on the table.

  3. Steve,

    I’m sorry I haven’t gotten back to you on this. I still don’t have the time at the moment. I’ll come back later and try and provide some feedback to your comment.

    I’ll just say, that I look forward to hearing more from you on Bavinck.

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text:
among contemporary American writers. --John Wilson, editor, Books and Culture Marly Youmans is a novelist and poet out of sync with the times
but in tune with the ages. --First Things

Sunday, March 13, 2011

Mike-diary: Cockfight at Yen Son

I must say that I do not perceive my husband as he was portrayed in the "plump and red" story earlier, nor as he paints himself here. His long blond hair may be gone, and he may be a little cuddly around the middle, but I say that he's cute. While he is off in Vietnam as a volunteer academic neurologist, he is, however, a wild man who has, indeed, hunted in the Yukon and the Crazy Mountains. He also has had a plethora of other hobbies--hand quilting and repairing key-wound antique toys and endlessly on.

Dispatches from IndoChine

The Viet Namese have a mythic past. A romantic liason between a goddess and a dragon produced these people of the eastern coastal plains. The goddess' legacy is seen in the fair face and form of the Vietnamese ladies. And the dragon's blood courses through the veins of the indominable men, each a warrior-king, who protect the motherland from the rapacious world.

With a degree of complexity that only an Asian would choose to place upon an idea, the element of the noi, the dragon is everywhere. The word means river, and this has some resonance, in that rivers, like dragons, are sinuous and powerful and give life to the people. The noi in Ha Noi refers to this. The name of the capital means "Land Between the Rivers." But the dragon sons of Vietnam were not satisfied with such a largely peaceful emblem of their dragon-ness, so they sought a more hot-blooded symbol of the dragon. And what better place to turn when one was looking for a surrogate dragon than to chickens. Well, roosters specifically, the ga noi. This proto-chicken is of ancient lineage and his bearing attests to his barnyard noblity. His fierce mien, his red, naked head, chest and legs and his proclivity to kill any rival caught glancing at his womenfolk all mark him as, if not sired by dragons, at least touched by the dragon spirit.

The ga noi was first mentioned 700 years ago. It seems that, once again, the Chinese were threatening the northern border of the Viet people. Through numbers and persistence, it appeared the Han might this time succeed in suppressing the Free and Patriotic People of the Dragon. And what of the Viet army; why were they faltering in their duty? Because of chicken fights. It seems that the Viet army, rather than engage the enemy with the ferocity demanded by the occasion, spent their days in camp drinking rice wine and watching chicken fights. Well, really, if you were given the choice between a head-throbbing drunk and some blood sport on one hand, and the risk of being impaled on a spear, which would you select? But the Viet general would not listen to such unpatriotic reasonableness and penned a strong letter to his men. He wisely exhorted them to adopt the philosophy of the ga noi, and encouraged his men to put on their fighting spurs and tread upon the hated Han. And history shows this call to emulate the mighty bantam had its good effect, much to the pain and embarrassment of the Chinese.

The ga noi is the product of a fierce hen; then the poults pass through a series of selection stages based on features such as the thigh-shank ratio, the pattern of scales, the diameter of the neck, etc. But perhaps the most discussed attribute of the ga noi is "the stare." If you do a Boolean search on the internet linking "ga noi" and "stare" you will find a lot of interesting pictures of chickens staring at cameras. For a moment, consider the long history of the depictive arts, from the Caves of Lascaux to my Kodak Easyshare. Then consider the span of communication technology, from the smoke signal to the advent of satellites and transoceanic cables. That this millennial progression of two great human endeavors might culminate in teenage boys taking pictures of yard fowl staring at a camera is the best evidence that I have ever encounter proving that God exists, and is at heart a very whimsical fellow. The stare is supposed to reflect the unrelenting desire of the bantam to spur his opponent to death. It is akin to the stare down at the beginning of a boxing match. But boxers can tell you why they stare--with chickens one is left with an uncomfortable degree of speculation. Perhaps they are just wondering if something might be edible.

Despite the much debated value of the stare, there are several champion chickens who have lost one or both eyes in the ring and continue to go on to trample opponents. So the value of the stare is perhaps exaggerated.

I very much wanted to watch the chicken fights while in Hanoi. At this point let me confess that I am an unrepentant celebrant of the bloody past times. Hunting, coursing, cockfights, horse racing, bullfights: I find the pageantry, history, and plain thrills so great as to supersede any moral borborigmy that might arise from the more humane among us. I do draw the line at dog fighting, which is rather like wrapping pate in bacon, simply too rich an exercise not to expect to later regret.

I put out a call to practically every Vietnamese waitstaff, bellhop, cabbies (who in general are very poor in their English skills and not the least repentant), and desk staff. I even asked one of the physicians at the Tropical Diseases Hospital, who responded with a look that suggested I might as well have asked if his sister might be free for an hour or two later that evening. The responses were typical in their Vietnameseishness. An elide to other topics, or just misunderstanding. If I pressed the point, perhaps the more ill bred among them might admit that cockfighting did exist, but only among young men, or only during Tet, or only, if I would pardon the term, in the country.

So it was with some gladness that I meet Phoung, the 20ish year old girl who cleared dishes in the hotel breakfast room. She was fresh enough from the village not to know what should have been embarrassing, and she was so thrilled to misuse the English language with me. Yes, her brother was quite hot for the fighting chickens and yes, there were some fights in Hanoi, both professionals in arenas and talented amateurs at impromptu match-ups in the park. We quickly made a deal. I would take her out to eat if she would take me to the cockfights. The next night was chosen, I would meet her in the restaurant of the hotel at 7 p.m.

The next day I had a day trip to Ha Long bay and, suffice it to say that the Vietnamese buses do not have an orderly timetable. I arrive to meet Phoung at 9 p.m., red with rushing, embarrassment, and natural ruddy complexion. But Phoung was unperturbed. Her boss chided me for making her late, but young Phoung just seemed eager to express herself for the next few hours in almost magically unintelligible English.

We headed out. She led the way down alleys that seemed progressively darker and more dangerous. I was so elated! Image being a staid, fat, middle-aged American Sunday School teacher walking close at hand with a very pretty 20 year-old woman down madly twisting side streets in an exotic land on the way to a chicken fight. If a wizard promised to turn me into James Bond, I could not have been more thrilled.

We exited a foot path between two tenements and came upon an open square with what looked like a French colonial bus garage in the middle. Crowds of people milled around and I thought, "This must be the chicken fighting arena!" We elbowed our way through the crowds. I was clearly the only Caucasian for a pleasingly great distance. We came to the entrance. I looked inside but there were only stalls of day old fish and used trousers. We walked past the building and behind it there were a series of dining arrangements one might describe as one bump up from an hibachi on the sidewalk.

"I am now hungry" Phoung said, in her first interpretable phrase since we left the hotel. Through signs, charades, and attempts at human language she made it known that the dinner part of the deal came first.

"What should we have?" I asked.

She looked at me as if she suddenly doubted my intentions, then plucked and flapped her arms.

Good enough.

Cam Ga means chicken with rice and Cam Ga was soon on the plastic stool which served as our table. I thought I was quite facile with the old chopsticks, but Phoung offered a few master class pointers.

Then we started on the chicken. By "chicken," I mean the few titanium shreds that decorated the plate of chopped bones offered with a confidence I would have not exhibited if I put the plate in front of a raccoon. The phrase "ga choi" popped from Phoung's mouth between sucking marrow from the long bones. I gnawed on what would be considered breast meat and tried to understand her point. It wasn't until I followed the direction of her chop stick and looked at the painted bed sheet that formed the back wall of our restaurant that a whisper of understanding arose. There was depicted, with some degree of love and honest passion, an illustration of two game cocks, one cock-a-doodling in victory and the other x-eyed in defeat beneath the winner.

"I don't understand, are the fights behind that sheet?" I asked.

But while Phoung did not understand what I said, as happens often in Viet Nam, a voice with an Australian accent piped up behind me.

"The fights are in Yen Son, which is about 30 km from here".

I turned around to find a table of Vietnamese looking at me. Without a face to attach to the voice I turned back to Phoung, who was eating the shredded green onions that accompanied the chicken.

"They send the losers here to be cooked up."

I turned around quickly and realized one of the Vietnamese I had dismissed as an unlikely Australian was wearing a baseball cap that said "Melbourne".

"They cook the losers here?"

The Melbourne guy answered "Yes, that is why they are so stringy and tough. They are tough birds. And why waste a good chicken?"

I thought the "good" part was open to debate, but acknowledged in my heart that poor people are usually efficient.

The Melbourne guy--let's just call him Melbourne--went on to explain that the ga choi, dead fighting chickens, were especially sought after and were thought to pass their attributes of ferocity to the diner. Having chewed on one I can attest this contained some element of truth. But there was no chicken fighting here. Miss Phoung had somehow amalgamated the idea of dinner in exchange for the cockfights to dining on a participant from the pit.

Phoung was finished and "tin tin," the check was called for. I was surprised to find this was an ungodly expensive meal by Vietnamese standards: about $20. Melbourne explained that one paid a premium for ingesting the essence of the fighting chicken. Phoung, in her most lucid language yet, remarked that we should get back; her boyfriend was coming by on his moto to pick her up at the hotel at 11. There was a little chicken left, and she asked if she could have it for him.

The brisk walk back went, well, briskly. And pretty silent. I dropped her off with her boyfriend in front of the hotel. He looked mighty unpleased to see me, and I thought I saw a little of the chicken staring at a camera in the youth. But he seemed fully placated by the remains of the ga choi, and even patted me on the shoulder and offered an "American good" before putting away, Phoung sitting sidesaddle on the back, texting. She looked up and waved and smiled just as the moto rounded the corner.

There is a place called The Kangaroo right next door to my hotel. The smell of a grilling hamburger wafted out the kitchen vents. I could not say I was filled with the essence of the ga choi. And I dearly hungered for a hamburger.

* * *

Photograph (picked because it is a dragon and yet a bit cockish) courtesy of and Nelson Syozi of São Paulo, Brazil.

  1. Yes. Another adventure involving a woman!! And chickens. I will not be able to get the picture of a staring chicken out of my head now.

  2. Dave,

    Yes, it's right up there with the unexpected bride!

    All stories are better with chickens!

  3. Oh, dear. Well, I can't imagine an interest more opposite to my own, but it made a good, but quease-making story!

  4. Me too. Luckily I did not marry him to make him like me!

    Of course, when he was head resident at UNC-CH, he was introduced as the most literate resident in twenty years... He's well versed in many things, and probably has the best memory I have ever encountered--so is well able to talk about many fields.

Alas, I must once again remind large numbers of Chinese salesmen and other worldwide peddlers that if they fall into the Gulf of Spam, they will be eaten by roaming Balrogs. The rest of you, lovers of grace, poetry, and horses (nod to Yeats--you do not have to be fond of horses), feel free to leave fascinating missives and curious arguments.


text:
The Real Deal New York

Louis C.K. buys Babe Ruth’s former summer East End pad

Comedian pays $2.5M for the Bambino's onetime property, plans to renovate Primrose Cottage

May 29, 2014 10:07AM

Louis C.K. on “Louie” (via FX) and the property in Shelter Island

Comedian and filmmaker Louis C.K. bought a Shelter Island home where baseball legend Babe Ruth used to spend his summers.

He paid $2.49 million for the three-story house, known as Primrose Cottage, on a two-acre site. The house has six bedrooms, three-and-a-half bathrooms and five fireplaces. He plans to renovate the property, which was on the market for $3.5 million. [NYP]Mark Maurer

  • scenicview

    To CMP: And do you live in the Hamptons? Doubtful, otherwise you’d be too busy to be drooling over properties you can’t afford. I think this is a lovely property where the family can have a lot of fun away from all the snobbery.

    • chris

      I love Louie CK. You just better stick to what you know. Apparently that is nothing. It is a lovely property and I have been on it many times.

  • Martha Stewart

    I live in the Hamptons and I am not happy about this. Mr. CK (not his real name) can eat a bag of dicks.

  • earl hickey

    i am so jealous of him. However, he deserves it. Good luck on the reno, Louie


text:
Title page for ETD etd-08022007-093023

Type of Document Dissertation
Author Brown, Patricia Leigh
Author's Email Address patricia_brown@ccpsnet.net
URN etd-08022007-093023
Title Perceptions of Individual Experiences in a Service Learning Course
Degree Doctor of Education
Department Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
Advisory Committee
Advisor Name Title
Twiford, Travis W. Committee Chair
Marks, Deborah Committee Member
Niles, Jerome A. Committee Member
Salmon, Richard G. Committee Member
Schreck, John F. Committee Member
  • service learning
  • community service
Date of Defense 2007-07-24
Availability unrestricted
Service Learning is an instructional approach that has been gaining national attention in the past several years. The concept was supported by John Dewey as early as 1915 but not given serious attention by educational leaders until about 30 years ago. Currently, a growing number of schools across the country are incorporating community service activities into the curriculum. In this study, seven individuals who were enrolled in such a course while in high school were interviewed. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the perceptions and experiences of these former high school students while enrolled in a service learning course coupled with the passage of time to reflect upon the experience. The major research questions were: 1. Does service learning foster in students the perception of a more empathetic nature in their understanding of the recipients of the service work? 2. Are the perceptions of the students as to their desire to perform volunteer work in the future affected by service learning experiences? 3. How do students perceive the usefulness of the service learning curriculum as to linking classroom work with the volunteer experience? Service learning was defined generally as a structured elective course that combines classroom instruction with volunteer service in the community. A qualitative design was chosen for the research as this method allowed for a more in depth description of the main focus of the study--the perceptions of these former students. The findings from this study support the inclusion of service learning courses in high schools; however, there was an overall consensus from the seven participants that work must be done by educators in order to provide more structured and viable curriculums for these courses. The participant responses were generally favorable regarding their actual volunteer experiences, supporting the assertion that volunteer work supported by a well designed service learning course increases a student's ability to feel empathy for others along with the desire to be a lifelong volunteer.

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