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33The weather has always been a staple ofconversation when we meet someone inpassing or hunker down in a coffee shop. Andthis year, or this winter to be precise, the topicreached new levels of interest as people andmedia pundits pondered the baffling lack ofsnow and warmer than usual temperatures. Theanswer to "Where was winter this year?" hasbecome a bit of a hot button issue, especially in light of Environment Canada's prediction of acolder than average winter. Is it part of a naturalcycle? Climate change? La Nina? egardless of where you land on the reason for thisstate of affairs, one truism stands out: allocatingthe cause to some outside force releases us fromour individual responsibility - what each of uscould accomplish if we committed to help lessenand mitigate the impact our daily actions have on theenvironment and the quality of life around us. Too often in our busy lives we look to the media, with their bite-sized snippets of information, to provide us with the guidance wedesire. Unfortunately, while it can be a good source foridentifying the issues, they rarely provide the practicalinformation needed to address them. That responsibility fallselsewhere, which is the reason why Earth Day Canada exists. Originally founded in 1970 by Senator Gaylord Nelson ofWisconsin and Harvard University student Denis Hayes, EarthDay is recognized by many as the birth of the environmentalmovement and the most celebrated environmental eventworldwide. The first Earth Day saw thousands of "teach-ins" takeplace on university campuses across the United States toeducate people about environmental issues and solutions, andencourage politicians to adopt them as policy issues. It waswildly successful; over 20 million Americans participated, andthe US Congress moved to pass the Clean Air and Water Acts,and to establish the Environmental Protection Agency. RBuilding on that success, a small group of Canadians gathered in1989 to organize similar celebrations in Canada with a focus onenvironmental education, action and empowerment. It proved sopopular with schools, community groups and businesses thatEarth Day Canada (EDC) was founded as a nationalenvironmental charity to create and facilitate positive publicawareness for existing and developing environmental solutions.Today, Earth Day is about celebrating the choice to educateyourself on environmental issues and translating that educationinto action. It's about resolving to change the way you do things,addressing local needs, and doing your part. Of course, differentcircumstances require different efforts but one thing is clear: wemust be willing to step outside the ease of complacency,convenience and habit to embrace new ways of doing things inour daily lives that will help make this a healthy, safe world forour families and communities long into the future. This 22nd of April marks the 22nd year people from acrossCanada will celebrate Earth Day. During this time, virtually everyschool child, workplace and municipality will participate in anEarth Day event of some sort. Events will be taking place acrossthe country throughout April, and range from small and privateactivities to mass public celebration of all things environmental.Visit Earth Day Canada's events page at to findmany of the community-based Earth Day celebrations near you. Pack up the kids and head out to the Toronto Zoo for the "Party for thePlanet." Celebrate Earth Day and meet Inukshuk the polar bear.

34The following list outlines some Earth Day Canada partneredevents in the GTA that can be enjoyed and experienced by thewhole family. Regardless of how young or old your household is,there is bound to be something to suit all tastes and styles.Party for the PlanetThe Toronto April 21 to 22, 2012 Audience: Families, children, youth, all agesPack up the kids and head out to the Toronto Zoo for the "Partyfor the Planet." Celebrate Earth Day at the Zoo and learn how yourwhole family can be ambassadors for living in a moreenvironmentally friendly way. Meet the Zoo's recycling dynamicduo, Henry and Douale, and enjoy extra zookeeper talks at thepolar bears. You can meet us at the new Tundra Trek area for afun-filled day of conservation and education. Earth Month Speakers SeriesRoyal Ontario Museum's Shad Every Saturday during the month of April 2012Audience: Youth aged 15 to 24In honour of Earth Month, Earth Day Canada's EcoMentorsprogram is teaming up with the Royal Ontario Museum to host fourweekend environmental workshops/speakers events for youth.Each weekend will feature interactive workshops related to thecore themes of the ROM's Shad Gallery of Biodiversity. The serieswill end with a high-profile speakers panel focused onenvironmental youth leadership. The Green Living ShowDirect Energy Centre, Exhibition April 13 to 15, 2012 Audience: Families, children, youth, all ages Green Living Enterprises' Green Living Show, with programmingsupport from Earth Day Canada, is Canada's largest consumereco-show, dedicated to easy and workable solutions for leading asustainable lifestyle. Earth Day Canada's EcoKids Program will behosting an entertaining and experiential attraction featuringhands-on environmental activities for children and familiesthroughout all three days of the show in the EcoKids Zone. OnYouth Day, Friday, April 13, Earth Day Canada's EcoMentorsprogram will host a speakers panel on the theme of environmentalyouth leadership. Other Events in the GTA Planet in Focus Green Screensfilm will be on at the National FilmBoard of Canada April 4, 2012 ( Toronto Speakers Series is offering Toronto's most avidwildlife experts, local food enthusiasts, community gardeners andmore, beginning in April ( From April 13th to 22nd, check out 60-second films on TTCsubway screens created by youth for the Everyday Heroes FilmFestival. Earth Day Canada co-produced the Festival with Planetin Focus, The NFB and Onestop Media Group Art for Commuters( Community Environment Days are City of Toronto-run events thatoffer products like a backyard composter and indoor waterefficiency kit, and free items like a green bin and kitchencontainer (with proof of new residency in the last 90 days or inexchange for a damaged bin) and a leaf compost (limit of onecubic metre per household). The events also include recycling anddonations organized in neighbourhoods across Toronto( And don't forget Farmers' Markets: year-round winter markets aregearing up for the May/June summer season ( For more information on Earth Day Canada, and to findEarth Month events near you, visit


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Please select the piping product that most closely matches your needs, or search above by keyword or part number. For complete product specifications and technical details, please visit the manufacturer web sites.

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Village Maps of India

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View satellite images/ street maps of villages in Karthikappally Taluk of Alappuzha district in Kerala, India. The data on this website is provided by Google Maps, a free online map service one can access and view in a web browser.

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Vintage Sewing Patterns

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    Simplicity C1973. The lined jacket gathered to lower band has front band and zipper closing...

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McCall's 4690; ©1958; Misses' Short Formal with Jacket. Sleeveless evening gown with bolero jacket. 1958. Empire dress with harem skirt back, optional shoulder straps. Above the waist bolero with away from neck shawl collar. Dress and jacket are lined and dress is made with underskirt and underbodice.

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Simplicity 7144; ©1948; "Water Babies" For Bath Accessories. Adorable "Water Babies" for unusual an quickly embroidered trims on children's as well as "grown up" bathroom linens.

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Vogue 2196

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Vogue Paris Original 2196; ca. 1969; Yves Saint Laurent - Suit. The loose fitting jacket with front and back yoke and notched collar has front band with button closing. Patch pockets with buttoned flaps. Wrist length sleeves gathered into buttoned cuffs. Back vent. Self tie belt through carriers. Shirtblouse with fly front closing has attached tie with fringe trim. Full length sleeves with French cuffs. Straight legged pants darted and pleated into waistband. Front zipper closing. Top stitch trim.

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Brackloney is looking for two Vogue patterns. Yves St Laurent. Vogue 2195 and 2196. Must be uncut, with instructions, envelope in reasonable condition. contact by email. size 14 would take 12.

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Vinyl to CD, Flash Drive or Hard Drive

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Deep freeze, high winds in winter storm’s wake could make for hazardous driving

CULPEPER — Most roads across Central Virginia are reported wet but clear of snow and ice at this hour. The exceptions are Fauquier County, where secondary roads are in moderate condition with significant accumulations of snow on the roads; and in Greene County, where primary and secondary roads are reported in minor condition with patches of snow and ice on the travel lanes.

Although most area roads are clear at this hour conditions are expected to worsen overnight. As the storm leaves the area temperatures are forecast to plummet well below freezing so moisture on the roads will likely freeze later tonight and early tomorrow morning. Drivers should expect to encounter freezing conditions and ice, especially on bridges, overpasses, ramps, crossovers and turn lanes.

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• Be patient. Allow plenty of time to reach your destination, and keep a safe distance behind other vehicles. Don’t pass a snowplow or spreader. Drive gently — don’t slam on your brakes or jerk the wheel — to avoid your car spinning out of control.
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« Fairness | Main | On tenterhooks and going to the wall »

July 03, 2010

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The definitions in the US are very different.

A city is a self-governing unit, with an elected city council and mayor (under varying names). To become a city is to throw off the yoke of county government. A city has its own police department and gets a share of locally collected taxes.

A county is also self-governing, with an elected board of supervisors, but many counties include a lot of rural land, making law enforcement difficult and politics touchy.

San Francisco is, to my knowledge, unique, in that the county and city have the same boundaries. So they have a combined city/county government.

A town can be almost anything from a substantial suburb to a store and post office on the side of a country road. (Okay, there are probably some houses around...somewhere.) "Community" is more or less synonymous with "town."

Nothing is called a village outside of tourist literature. If it's small, old-fashioned and tourists like it (think Mendocino), the travel writers will call it a village. The people who live there will still call it a town.

Virtual Linguist

Thank you, Julie. That's very interesting. I forgot to mention our counties. We have those, too; for example the county council is responsible for schools and social services in my area, but it's the town council which is responsible for rubbish (garbage) collection and other services.

We have city services (usually including police, water and garbage pickup), and county services (generally including the courthouse and public health clinics.). But schools are run by independent school districts, fire departments may also have separate districts, and there may be separate water and sewer districts, depending on the location. In Sacramento, we also have a utility district that provides electricity, although that's rather unusual.

Virtual Linguist

Thanks Julie. It's all quite different over here by the sound of it. Thanks for the information.

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The REAL reason we use Linux

by Vlad Dolezal on March 15, 2008

We tell people we use Linux because it’s secure. Or because it’s free, because it’s customizable, because it’s free (the other meaning), because it has excellent community support…

But all of that is just marketing bullshit. We tell that to non-Linuxers because they wouldn’t understand the real reason. And when we say those false reasons enough, we might even start to believe them ourselves.

But deep underneath, the real reason remains.

We use Linux because it’s fun!

It’s fun to tinker with your system. It’s fun to change all the settings, break the system, then have to go to recovery mode to repair it. It’s fun to have over a hundred distros to choose from. It’s fun to use the command line.

Let me say that again. It’s fun to use the command line.

No wonder non-Linuxers wouldn’t understand.

The point with us Linux fans is – we use Linux for its own sake. Sure, we like to get work done. Sure, we like to be secure from viruses. Sure, we like to save money. But those are only the side-effects. What we really like is playing with the system, poking around, and discovering completely pointless yet fascinating facts about the OS.

There are three main reasons Linux is so much fun:

1. Linux gives you complete control

Ever tried stopping a process in Windows and the OS wouldn’t let you? Ever tried deleting a file – and you couldn’t? Even though you had admin rights?

Linux lets you do anything. That’s the great benefit of usually logging in as user. If you login as the root, the OS assumes you know what you’re doing. Once you become root, everything is allowed.

2. Linux isn’t widely used

This is a paradox. We often complain Linux isn’t more widely used. But that’s one of the reasons we use it. It gives us a feeling of being a special clique. Like we’re better than “those ignorant masses”.

If Linux becomes widely used, we’ll probably switch to something else. Or at least develop an obscure distro that only we will use. Because, let’s face it, we want to feel special.

3. Linux is free (as-in-speech)

We can get the source code for all our applications. If we want to know how a certain part of the OS works, we can. This lets us tweak and play with our systems. And we absolutely loo-o-o-ve tweaking our system.

Of course we can’t tell non-Linuxers we use Linux because it’s fun – they’d stick us into a mental asylum quicker than you can say “antidisestablishmentarianism”. So we’ll keep telling them the false yet plausible reasons for using Linux. But deep inside, we’ll know the real reason we use Linux.

And maybe, just maybe, next time someone asks me why I use Linux, I’ll flash a huge smile and answer: “Because using Linux is FUN!”

{ 89 comments… read them below or add one }

Paul March 17, 2008 at 20:39

Fun? FUN? What recovering the system etc? You people are lucky to have such time to waste. I just want this effing computer to work – first time every time – that’s enough isn’t it?

Anonymous April 5, 2012 at 04:16

Then buy a mac

fuck anon June 13, 2012 at 04:55

buy a windows computer

Anonymous October 18, 2012 at 02:07

fuck anon start for fuck anonymus? lol the famous windowss/mac war!

richard March 25, 2014 at 09:23

I agree with this post that Linux is fun, but that does not mean that we have to tinker with it, until it breaks. If you don’t over tinker it is more reliable than even Mac. And still much more fun. As for MS-Windows Professional that is usable, but frustrating. As for Windows Vista and 8, they are like some one has been over tinkering with them, and even a full reinstall will not fix them. I have not even covered home editions.

Dequesto October 29, 2013 at 08:51

If you’re simple user, you don’t know how much fun you can get from linux! Linux is fully customisable!!! I’m computer guy, and i know how much fun is learning system recover etc! It’s a fun experience!

Anonymous March 17, 2008 at 20:58

Yup, … some of us ultimate Linux geeks use a LFS type distro (I use Gentoo) so they can sit around and watch the system compiling … then we wait a couple days … update the system sources and watch the system compiling.

Emerging beats the stuff on TV.

Bash scripts !!! … try that on Windows.

Anonymous October 25, 2011 at 12:09

Same over here!

MNiles March 17, 2008 at 21:00

It’s “fun” in the way that building a car from a kit, or changing out a transmission is fun. Are we going to convince the folks who lease a new Ford Taurus every 2 years that it’s fun? No. Do we want to? No.

Will we still keep using Linux? HELL YEAH!

alizard March 17, 2008 at 21:25

hey, Paul

If you really have a Windows setup that works “first time, every time”, contact Microsoft and let them know how you did it. You’ll probably be able to pick up a few thousand in consulting fees, given that you’ve done something with Windows (presumably by accident) that they can’t do.

If you think running Windows means you never have to back up your computer, you’ve been very, very lucky.

I assume that you don’t make a living with your computer. I make one with mine and I literally can’t afford significant downtime.

I have had my hard drive go down as a Linux user. I was back up in a few minutes with the backup hard drive… and I didn’t have to fight with WGA to get it to run. A few minutes later, I had a warranty claim in with Maxtor.

I back up 3x a week. All I have to do to run my backup is to pop in the backup drive, a customized Knoppix CD boot disk and double-click a couple of times once the computer has booted… and come back in 15 minutes.

For Linux users – this is how to set up mobile rack mirror drive backup or archive to DVD:

Scott March 17, 2008 at 22:36

The only reason I take exception to is that nobody is using it.

I wish everyone were. Linux would be better as a result.

Dequesto October 29, 2013 at 08:53

You’re wrong!

RatchetWrench January 31, 2014 at 12:19

I have to agree with you, Dequesto. If Linux becomes as popular as M$ Windows and Crapple, then we wont have the upper-hand anymore. I like the way things are right now. We can easily opt-out of the OS wars. We go un-noticed. Most of my friends will point to my laptop with tons of compiz effects enabled and go “how do I get that?” then they say “whats a ‘Linux?” Childsplay I say. But the more popular it becomes, the more vulnerable it gets aswell. It would be irritating having all the 13 year old punk “know-it-all’s” running a system so secure and robust as this without taking a second thought. although it would be entertaining to see kiddies on the playground arguing which distro is the best. Just my two cents though.

daniel1992 March 17, 2008 at 23:36

Wow, that is quite possibly the best explanation for our using Linux I’ve ever heard. Be assured I will be showing this article to many friends.

Chacon March 18, 2008 at 03:05

Hi! Take a look at you will see a linux box running with beryl at really full throttle, in real overdrive and smooth and nice! I hope you enjoy it as I did and do!

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 10:14

of course it’s fun tinkering with your system. Though this is no privilege of Linux. After using Free Software for so many years now, these things are not just fun — they are a habit. Nowadays, if someone asks me to run “his” proprietary programme on my system, I merely can answer with a sceptical face. The idea of doing this has become so strange by now for me:) Unbelievable it was so common some years ago.

I mean, c’mon, someone expects me to let my machine execute his commands instructions and I can’t have any insight or the opportunity to change them to my needs? Ridiculous.

Thanks to all contributors of Free Software for raising such awareness

bert800 March 18, 2008 at 11:31

i loved game computers like c64 amiga and the likes, but early 1990 i had to opt for intel/dos based machines to get a job. There was not much fun in that. 5 years later i ran my first slackware2 distro on a 486. The prison bars of windows gone, the network where it supposed to be, back to fun and doing whatever you want with your machine whenever you want it.
If microsoft were to produce cars, we would see an east-germany like situation with everybody driving in a Trabant, often at the side of the road.

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 13:21

this is GNU/Linux, not Linux.
GNU and Free Software Movement made and makes it what is today.

The Greatest of the Great is FSM.

that is what can make GNU/Linux so superb; no other thing can compete with a such thing.

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 14:17

same reason i ride a fixed gear bike.

raran2099 March 18, 2008 at 14:48

The comments were as fun to read as the original post. As a long-time MCSE (oh hush, a man has to make a living) the one comment that has really stuck out is ‘if the GUI can’t do what the command line can, the GUI is not good enough”. Amen. I had a heathkit in the Army 25 years ago. Linux takes me back to those days. Once I bought a trash=80, heaven. Standing on the shoulders of giants…

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 17:14

Linux IS the perfect geek toy. Believe me I’ve got plenty of them myself and plan to build more. But I think one of my second biggest reasons (it may actually by my biggest) is that it’s not MS.

I strongly feel that the geek/tech crowd gets a heady sense of ‘rebellious’ accomplishment in NOT conforming to the MS model and still coming up with something that performs as well if not better than the “commercial standard”. There’s something about the fact that MS can no longer force us to do things
their way that just feels good.

“The man” might have billions of dollars in the bank, but we’re sticking it to him anyway.

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 18:11

While I use WinXP at work, I also use Ubuntu on a second computer. It’s as reliable as XP, and allows me the flexibility to do things I can’t easily (or freely) do on Windows.

A big part of why I use Linux is that the applications are free, and easily installed or removed. Windows seems to accumulate “cruft” that slows down the system over time. Linux doesn’t seem to have that problem. I can surf without worrying about malware drive-by installs on Linux. Though I have an install disk for XP, I also like the fact that Linux installs are straightforward, and don’t require “authorization” or approval from any third party. I can install it on any PC I want, as many times as I want, without any guilt at all.

At home, it’s Linux for me, though my wife still prefers XP, because she doesn’t want to deal with the hassle of “different”. My daughter is happy with Linux, but still wishes it would run iTunes.

daemox April 26, 2011 at 20:04

iTunes runs quite well under CrossOver Office, probably Wine as well. Though, there are better alternatives at this point. 🙂 Amazon’s MP3 store comes to mind.

With that said, I saw excerpts from this post from here: and just had to find the original author. Really well said sir! I’ll likely be doing a news article about this post in the not too distant future.

Take care!
daemox´s last post ..Sick Beard Install- Setup- &amp Configuration Guide for Ubuntu &amp Linux Mint!

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 18:31

This rings true, and whats worse, I’ve actually tried to convince people of this fact. They look at me like I’m insane.

tatica March 18, 2008 at 19:17

that’s my case too…!! adoro ser usuaria linux… I love to be a linux user… in fact you should add “if you are a girl… you are even more special” 😀
great post!

Anonymous March 18, 2008 at 19:40

“Linux goes out of it’s way to get our of your way. Windows goes out of it’s way to be Windows and enforce the Windows way.”

^^ That’s why I use Linux.

Although the tweaking part is 2nd only by a VERY narrow margin.

shawn March 18, 2008 at 19:42

you know i was going to leave some long rant, but all i am going to say now is….command lines woot!

mrrain March 18, 2008 at 21:29

I use it because it makes me feel free..
Nothing that dictates what I can do and not, I can do just anything!

Wokm4n March 19, 2008 at 00:46

dude that’s just awesome. You’re absolutely right IMHO

Vyder March 19, 2008 at 05:26

Hear hear!

Chad March 19, 2008 at 06:33

We use linux at LogicWeb for our web hosting servers. It is indeed secure and a great o/s, especially for server production environment. I use Ubuntu and occasionally Open Suse at home. It is indeed fun to tinker with.

Anonymous March 19, 2008 at 06:53

A few questions for you Linux fans:

Out of 100 computer users, how many have the skills, time and desire to tweak a system using command lines?

Out of 100 linux users, how many own a dual boot to Windows machine or other computer with a Win OS?

Out of the 200+ posts here, how many came from a machine running linux?

Anonymous May 2, 2012 at 01:03

Command line is fast, but hard to use in the begining.. If you know the commands, you don’t have to look around at the menus, it’s fast.
I’m a linux only user (archlinux), I have everything here.

Anonymous March 19, 2008 at 07:27

A few questions for Linux evangelists:

What % of computer users have the skills, knowledge, time and desire to tweak configuration files and read man pages to get a system running?

What % of Linux users also own a Windows system – either dual boot or standalone?

What % of posters here did so from a linux box?

Anonymous March 19, 2008 at 09:40

What % of posters here did so from a linux box?

This is the only question where you can hope to get an reproducible answer here. Ask Vlad if he can send you the server logfiles. Then chart them and post your outcomings here to discuss.

Anonymous March 19, 2008 at 11:00

>>We use Linux because we fucks!

Anonymous March 19, 2008 at 11:01

>>We use Linux because we fucks!

leila March 19, 2008 at 16:15

I’m a Danish woman of nearly 68
– years old and I use Linux. No geek or nerd but I just love it. The Evolution is a much better mail system than Microsoft and the Mozilla is also better.

Another wonderful thing is, that it is so much faster when opening my pc. Microsoft just takes forever. The picture program Gimp is very simple to use.

Have a happy Easter.

twobitvision March 20, 2008 at 04:28

All I can say is CHEERS!

Anonymous March 21, 2008 at 22:26

If everobody will use Linux some will switch to open-sourced Windows… 😉

Anonymous March 22, 2008 at 05:50

/standing ovation

They say the console is not GUI, but what do I see? That window bar right there: “

Console = Power = Fun

Djo March 24, 2008 at 21:58

Tell it, brother !

Anonymous March 26, 2008 at 02:26

I could not agree more, an excellent article. Linux IS fun, I tinker with it just like I used to do with my old jalopy in college (unfortunately we can’t do that with our “modern” autos, maybe we need a linux based car next!). Thanks for the good read . 😉 Bob

Anonymous March 26, 2008 at 03:01

I myself enjoy tinking with linux, i am still very much a noob and have became very interested in the chmod and chown commands which i used at one point to kill the system by changing owners ship of a few core files :p. Orignially though i got into linux because there was free and secure distros and am currently focusing on Kubuntu.

Unfortuantely I can’t go full linux yet as i still need windows to run 3Ds Max 8 and adobe photoshop CS3. Those i can’t seek alternatives to seeing as my current classes in college focus specificaly on them. Be co0l if Cedega 6.0 or wine could run them. (not sure with Cedega yet but wine don’t currently.).

Anonymous March 26, 2008 at 23:13

I like FreeBSD, use it everywhere and my laptop uses PCBSD the nearest thing to a Linux-like ready-to-run ‘distro’ for FreeBSD. Give PCBSD a try, folks!

Christopher April 7, 2008 at 00:42

So true. When I screw something up, it pisses me off but it’s still the most fun I ever have with my computer. Errors in Windows make me feel emasculated, errors involving unix-based systems are more adventurous and let me be my computer’s hero.
I also love to oogle the zoo of different distros being developed for different reasons. I like the idea of OS diversity. Shouldn’t there be different operating systems for different uses and different people? I love seeing Linux for pen drives, Linux to mimic Windows, Linux to learn, Linux for “usability.”(as defined by that particular team) Keep em coming, I say.

Victor Zamanian April 9, 2008 at 10:26

Ever tried stopping a process in Windows and the OS wouldn’t let you?

Hell yeah! But I’ve also run into that problem a lot on Linux, but of course less frequently (although not a lot less).

Amen to what you said about using the command-line though. Boy is it ever fun! And to automate tiresome processess with bash scripts!

[ $bashScripting = “rules” ] && echo “Hell yeah it rules! || echo “You’re dead to me.”

r000n April 13, 2008 at 10:39

Excellent. Translated into russian

Stufkan April 16, 2008 at 16:07

You are sooooo right 🙂

Anonymous April 19, 2008 at 17:47

Conceptual Integrity. It does what you expect, the way you expect it to.

Anonymous May 2, 2008 at 12:13

you know the funny thing is im a non linuxer… yet since ubuntu came out i cant get my mind off getting my hands on it. in my opinion the reason people don’t readily switch to linux can be related to the facts spread about it just as much as to what it actually is. people are afraid of change and when they hear that lunx is all about change they just seem to shy away from it. i get it from a lot of people.. why dont you use linux i ask.. because theres too much to learn..
if they do dig into windows they’ll find that what is there to be learned in linux is simply there in windows as well.. the OS fundamentals remain the same. just the way to get there is a little different. people are simply lazy to get out there and i think its safe to blame Windows for that as well(i just had to do that :P)
in my case i don’t have Ubuntu simply because i have been sharing my pc with my sister who is getting married and heading out in a few months which means i’ll be having the entire PC to myself. time for a format and a new OS.. 🙂

Jhon May 8, 2008 at 05:04

That is very nice article.This provides very good information about linux.Sometimes we loss our linux data because deleted accidentally or due to software malfunction or virus attack and you can’t access the particular file. I have linux data recovery software that provides easy and powerful data recovery solutions.

Amaroq May 11, 2008 at 10:04

A friend of mine pressured me into installing Windows again so we could game together. I begrudgingly agreed in the end, but I dual booted linux and windows XP, rather than full on windows.

Of course, I’ve got an old IBM Netvista with i815 onboard graphics. No wonder I’m getting 0.5 frames per second on WoW under WinE. I can at least get 3 frames peer second on Windows.

I tried to stand up to the pressure though with a defense of Linux. But I couldn’t think of anything to say. Windows could play the game better. There’s no way to defend that.

That was Ubuntu though. Now my dual boot is Windows XP and Gentoo. I tried compiling my own kernel, but I get a kernel panic. I must have missed a kernel module I needed or something.

Oh well. I’m building my own computer! Did the research on every part myself and it’s all being shipped right now. I’ll probably do another dual boot on that one, and this time my kernel will work because I’ll understand the computer’s hardware as well as its software.

Anyway, I will refer this article to my friend in any future windows vs linux debates. It’s just fun like that. Just like building your own computer is fun as well.

I’ve broken my Ubuntu and fixed it on three or four occasions. Nothing more satisfying than knowing you fixed your own system.

tefiri June 3, 2008 at 18:10

using linux is like watching porn hahaha.

Dirk Deimeke July 6, 2008 at 19:36

Nice text.

I translated it to German.

kllvql December 24, 2008 at 08:16

I have to say, I read this article several months ago, laughed, and thought that those were all horrible reasons for using an impossibly frustrating OS. Well, soon after, I started using Ubuntu, and in the past few months, I have had at least 20 separate distros on my computer. I can’t even count the number of partitioning schemes I’ve tried, and I cannot use windows solely based on the fact that bash is so much better than dos prompt. I just want to say, I agree with you wholeheartedly. Thanks for doing what you do.

Serenity495 December 28, 2008 at 18:32

Wow. This is exactly what goes on in my head! The annoying part is that I have no idea how to tinker with my system, so every time I give in and start trying to customize my Ubuntu, it stops playing my videos or printing essays since I messed it up somehow. Then I bring my computer genius friend and he gets annoyed with me for tinkering with the system and fixes it after about a half hour of fuming. He then messes around with my system and does all the stuff I wanted to do in the first place. Oddly enough, watching him get angry at my stupidity (I used to use Windows XP but changed to Ubuntu due to the slowness and the viruses.) is somehow even more fun than messing around with Ubuntu in the first place! Thanks for the blog! It is somehow changing my mind from pessimistic (I will fail this test, I will lose the game, it’s no worth trying…) to optimistic (I’m not completely there yet.). Thanks again!

Anonymous January 7, 2009 at 08:40

its so freaking true. its entertaining doing a huuuuuuuuuuuuuuge sudo command and watching the programs fly onto your comp or typing fortune or apt get moo and all the other easter bugs hidden for my entertainment.

why I love linux, but would buy a Mac. January 30, 2009 at 06:24

The first time I used Linux at College, the system actually froze on me. LoL. It was Fedora Core 5, I think. I do like Linux, but I can’t break from Windows. If one or two more programs were available on Linux I’d just move.
I’m thinking of gong to Mac next, it has a UNIX base now. And the command line we all *LOVE* so much. <3

I’m not moving to Vista or Windows 7. My reason for picking Mac is because I like to use iTunes. I have to have it. LoL! Its also got a Geek culture around it.
Windows is become TOO user friendly to the point of your needing to not know anything. How do you admin a computer that works with out a reason. No one wants to move to what is being advertised as an “Idiot proof OS”!

lady_D March 30, 2009 at 06:24

absolutely agree!
it was really fun after you know how to use it

mlxvi April 7, 2009 at 02:14

Everything you say is true, however, it is not the reason I use Linux.

I came to Windows from Unix (which came after a long career starting with big iron and punched cards). After a change of jobs took away my Unix access (AT&T licenses were beyond expensive, and I could not justify one on my own) I attempted to make my peace with Windows.

It was like moving from a fine shop were all the tools you needed were not only available, but sharp and clean to a place where old cans of dry paint littered the workbenchs, where there were a few toolboxes filled with an odd assortment of rusty and filthy tools, and you could never find the size you needed.

It was like stepping out of a Lotus Elan S2 into a twenty year old taxicab.

Linux was–and is–my way back into the Unix world. It is stepping into a shop worthy of a craftsman, with every tool you need, plus hundreds–okay, thousands–of tools you may never need, but when you do need one or more of them, they are right at hand, and clean and sharp and ready to use.

It is like driving that clunker of a cab to the recycling center and departing in a Tesla with a full battery.

Yes, it is fun, but I am afraid that the word fun is really not up to the task of describing the feeling; it is the deeply satisfying feeling that comes when you are at one with your tools, and without thinking about it you are able to do an absolutely first class job.

*That* is why I am using Linux.

Anonymous June 8, 2009 at 20:05

Especially the “breaking the system” part is true for me. After a depressing afternoon I instantly cheered up when X failed to run and I had to gleefully fiddle with the command line to move xorg.conf around.

Placid Storm November 28, 2009 at 17:13

I am totally new to Linux and using Mandriva 2008. I just got to support the very true fact that I have more fun tweaking everything than I do actually using it. But with everything Linux can do why use windows at all? I mean there are ways to get your games to work in Linux along with every other Windows Program so just convert everyone. Now I am starting to make it sound like a religious cult. Anyway have fun and enjoy the true OS. An Operating System should operate the way you really want it to.

vancou December 6, 2009 at 15:47

nice article… you speak from my heart 🙂

Nacho Jordi April 12, 2010 at 13:12

I absolutely agree. Great points here. Only one single precision comes to my mind:
Linux is fun BECAUSE it is effective. That should be remarked. Would Linux be fun if it took 5 minutes to boot. Would it be fun to write a script with blue screens attacking you every all the time? Would it be fun to have a slow computer due to antiviruses and the like?
I recently saw Windows 7 in a shop and toyed around a little. Seemingly, everything has been changed of place. I could not even find the hard drive! In Linux everything is more transparent, which also contributes to fun.
…and yes, it is true, I also like to belong to the exclusive-club-of-those-who-know-the-secret… 🙂
.-= Nacho Jordi´s last blog ..A new way of being positive =-.

Salem Guy April 22, 2010 at 00:17

Right on. I use Linux Mint 8, with an hp laptop. For two months i worked on getting sound to work in the speakers, and cannot express the satisfaction in solving such a small problem. Linux IS fun!

Anonymous April 23, 2010 at 10:59

I think you might be on to something…
This migth be why I installed Arch-linux over Mint-linux last week…mint “just worked”…no more fun…
Arch just booted to a command-line…guaranteed weeks of fun 🙂

Yaro Kasear July 30, 2010 at 16:43

I dunno, a few of those reasons are legit for me.

I don’t use Linux because it’s free as in freedom, but free as in beer. I also use it because it really does kick Windows and OS X’s ass.

I do agree about the command line. I find myself annoyed when Windows blogs say stuff like “and you don’t even have to open the command line!” You know… as if opening the command like was like stabbing your PC in the heart.

This is one of the many reasons why Linux will always be more useful as a server or supercomputer cluster than Windows. Windows is too busy growing and taking more RAM or space rather than actually improving itself.

1. Well, sometimes even root can’t do something. Usually only just in the case of some resource not actually under the control of the current machine. Your local root user likely won’t have much luck making changes to anything on a remote computer even if it’s accessible “natively” from the local computer. Think NFS for a second. The client machine’s root, despite the files being mounted as part of a local filesystem, CANNOT OPERATE ON THE FILESYSTEM UNRESTRICTED.

Also, SELinux is also effective at controlling root as well. Mandatory Access Control takes things beyond simple file ownership and brings it all the way up to actually asking if the current user should be allowed to do something. Even root can be restricted, though root still has full control over SELinux’s rules. SELinux operates from within the kernel itself, which goes beyond root.

2. Mostly I’m neutral on this one. I generally don’t give a shit if Linux is popular or not, since it has no effect on how well it works. However, I do try to get people to switch when an opportunity presents itself. I usually say to Mac users who say they escaped from problems that are purely Windows problems and not PC problems something along the lines of “you wasted over $1000 on a lesser solution to a problem you could have easily fixed for free AND kept your current computer.” In short, I tell them they committed an economically flawed solution to an expensive problem. However, some people don’t like Linux after trying it. So I switch them back to Windows.

3. Nope. I subscribe to the Linus Torvalds philosophy of open source: THERE IS NO REAL MORAL DILEMMA IN LICENSING OF SOFTWARE, I DO OPEN SOURCE BECAUSE IT IS SIMPLY SUPERIOR TO PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE. Get that? The only evil in proprietary software was invented by Richard Stallman to further his political movement. I don’t use Linux because it is GPL at all. I use it because it’s been made superior by lots of people because it’s source code is available to them. My sister doesn’t use Linux for this reason either. Most EVERYONE I’ve switched to Linux couldn’t give three shits about the philosophy behind the GPL. And as I said, Linus HIMSELF said he didn’t give three shits what RMS thinks about free software.

Christopher August 13, 2010 at 10:35

What an entertaining read! Thanks Vlad. I am pleased to add my own happiness…

I, too, use Linux because … it’s FUN. It has made the computer fun again. In my 30 years of using computers, I have tried to have fun with them. Sure, it was fun in the beginning: VIC20, Commodore 64, CoCo, and a couple others. Then came the numbing, the PC and DOS, and the hard climb that was Windows, from the first versions right up to XP (the last version I would ever purchase, and subsequently give away). Finally, out of sheer frustration and curiousity, I made the move to Linux. Oh what a ride! You mean I can DO that? I can do that HOW many ways? ..and it’s OK? Really? Yippee!

It just makes me giddy when I think about how smoothly my systems operate now, and have for years on end, uninterrupted, no viruses, no fuss, and virtually no drivers to load myself. I haven’t seen a blue screen in my home for years. Linux has freed me from “the before”. I am now in the year 5 A.L. (After Linux). The blue in my windows is … real sky! (Not just a picture of sky)

When someone asks me, “Where is your Start button?” I just smile, giggle inside, and tell them: “I don’t suffer anymore. I don’t use that. You don’t have to use that either. I use Linux. You can use Linux too.” In fact: I use Linux for my servers. I use Linux for my desktops. I use Linux for my laptops. I use Linux for my routers. I use Linux for my home theatre. I even use Linux for my phones. Yes, my phones! Tee hee.

Just recently, I felt like the “King of Fun Times” when my wife said, with a voice of bold confidence: “I loaded Linux! I’m a Linux Girl!” I was so proud! She even played Freecell on the same computer WHILE loading it.

Oh, what fun and laughter there is, even when something goes horribly wrong. Last month I had a motherboard burn out. Yes, years ago I would have cringed, and worried about the downtime. I would have felt despair at the inevitable blue screen that reminds us of how the EULA has confined us, trapped inside a HAL locked with WGA. I’m still trying to understand how they justify that “A” part. I breathed a sigh of relief, and laughed out loud, for I am no longer a prisoner of duress. I said “Wheeeee!” and pulled out the faulty motherboard, put in the replacement, and booted up as easily as I had crashed. It was as if nothing had changed. “Woohoo!” My only downtime was the 5 minute trip to a local retailer to bring home the new board, and the 15 minutes it took to change it. I wasn’t even down for a single, complete hour. I didn’t have to reload my operating system. I didn’t have to type in my activation key … AGAIN. I didn’t have to brute about retrying activation only to see that it won’t work because it doesn’t recognize my network card automatically. I didn’t have to place a desperate phone call and listen to them say how much faster it is to activate over the internet when I couldn’t get there in the first place. And I certainly didn’t have to convince anyone that I wasn’t a software pirate. It just worked. Ahhhhh. Hey, I even saved money; since I didn’t have to buy Windows the last time, I used that budget money for the new board, and I’m ahead.

Oh! The joy! “sudo apt-get install vice” … and if I just happen to feel like it today “sudo apt-get dist-upgrade” … not to mention I can surf while doing it. La la la!

I have only used Linux, realistically, for about 5 years. It’s all Mark’s fault. When he told me that my file server could have a web server, mail server, DHCP server, DNS server, FTP server, and still do all the things it did before, and that it was all included without having to buy extra add-ons, and it would run for months or years at a time WITHOUT needing a restart, then I had to ask him to prove it and show me. That son-of-a-gun did too, he sure showed me. Finally, when “uptime” showed me 741 consecutive days, I sighed and powered off … to change a worn-out cooling fan. He was right. Grrrr.

I press the power button and wait a horrifying, unacceptable 25 whole seconds before I’m e-cursing Mark on Thunderbird for ever introducing me to Linux. Sarcasm? Why, yes, it is. When I’m done with my workstation for the day, I press the power button again, and laugh as I count down: 4, 3, 2, 1 … oh it’s off. Huh. 4 seconds? Huh. Perhaps I missed something? Nope, it’s off. Look at that! It shut down immediately after I told it to. Awww, but I miss getting stuck at “Please wait while your computer shuts down … installing update 1 of 34 …”. I like waiting for half an hour of updates when I want my computer to power off so I can leave, while my wife honks the horn because she’s tired of waiting in the car, getting hungry because I’m supposed to be out there taking her out for supper, all because I pressed “Shut Down” … not.

How many of my customers now have Linux servers? I stopped counting. How many of my customers have saved thousands in software purchases, licensing, and maintenance costs compared to previous years? I stopped counting.

And, happily, in answer to “Anonymous”
– I didn’t have to tweak config files to get up and running; it loaded with a few clicks
– I don’t own a Windows system, dual-boot OR stand-alone; quite thankfully
– when I posted this joyful note, I certainly DID so from a Linux box, didn’t you?
Why are you still suffering?

As I post tonight, having read all the comments of other happy Linux users, I smile and give a virtual wave. It’s comforting to know how many of us there are. It’s reassuring to know that the only windows in this house are made of glass.

I think I’ll fire up Rhythmbox and do the dance of joy.

tom January 23, 2011 at 18:22

Being dependent on a big company sucks. Even if I like their product (osx for example), I still HATE being dependent on them and at their mercy when it comes to compatibility issues.

It is REALLY NICE to have other options.

labc October 24, 2011 at 08:55

so true!

Dick Quinchia December 3, 2011 at 20:58

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Phyllis Sprain December 4, 2011 at 12:24

Many people will agree with this article whoever many other’s will not agree. Anyway I appreciate your work here.

Freakie January 17, 2012 at 04:53

I can actually say antidisestablishmentarianism pretty fast…

bugger February 4, 2012 at 02:03

Linux means nothing to me – if not Android…

Anonymous March 20, 2012 at 03:12

Oh I LOVE this article.
Absolutely! :))

mostafa May 3, 2012 at 20:54

Linux is not only a OS But is a culture.

scribbler May 8, 2012 at 07:21

“What % of computer users have the skills, knowledge, time and desire to tweak configuration files and read man pages to get a system running?”

Well, at one point, all computer users did. Computer OS’s used to be insanely flexible, allowing for automation and scripting that made lengthy, repetetive tasks a breeze. No, not everyone was an ace programmer, but everyone knew how to get work done using commands and loopbacks. Yes, there were GUIs, but everyone knew that actions were merely visual representations of commands.

Now, Microsoft and its ilk have convinced millions of people that they’re stupid when it comes to computers and have fostered a sense of toxic co-dependency. People aren’t stupid or inept. The system is too complicated. I would suggest switching to Linux for so many people, but that comes with its own set of headaches because of pig-headed decisions to keep drivers closed to quell dissent.

I’m not an evangelist for any system. I only demand that users wake up and demand that hardware and software alike be set free.

Anonymous August 6, 2012 at 07:37

I used to have a dual Linux/XP boot PC in my first days with Linux. Now, I don’t need Microsoft anymore. And yes, it’s true, using GNU/Linux is a lot fun.

Joe August 16, 2012 at 15:01

While terminal may be fun for the few of you that use Linux, trying to foist it upon the masses isn’t getting you anywhere. Those “stupid MS lemmings” are smarter than you think. As a Windows based developer switching to Rails on Ubuntu I find the setup process a comical joke. If my boss knew how much time it was taking to get the right packages and gems I might be fired (if it weren’t for his decision). To fix a problem I ended up on a Chinese website that had the command line I needed. I’m sorry, how is that faster? I haven’t even gotten to the point of doing actual work yet. One of my jobs is web design, GOOD web design which is all about GUI interfacing. A good UI abstracts out API cruft and exposes the functions in an intuitive visible interaction for humans. Going terminal is ignoring the powerful connection between the occipital lobe and frontal cortex. It’s like throwing away all the research on human machine interaction for the last 3 decades. It’s ignorant. Writing programs for developers, fine, but a terminal will NEVER be something people want when a visual representation exists. That’s not lazy, it’s the design of everyday things. Go RTFM. But feel free to ignore all of that and feel good about yourself because you can do something few other people can do. Nazis: your argument is invalid.

Thomas August 22, 2012 at 09:34

Sure, visual perception is the most important route for humans to gain information. That is why GUIs are so powerful. But the human intellect also strongly depends on the ability to communicate via language. Complex communication is better done by using language than by using pictures. The terminal is a representation of this fact.

MegaByte October 24, 2012 at 07:08

konaya November 6, 2012 at 15:58

GNU/Linux is a great timesaver. I once had a pretty major disk crash where my system drive basically broke down, physically. Luckily, since it was a desktop computer my /home partition was on a drive of its own (basically, if one can afford and fit another drive for /home yet doesn’t, one’s an idiot.) Since I had plans on switching distros anyway, I ran down to the store, bought a new drive, popped it in, installed, put an entry for my /home drive in fstab, made myself a user with matching UID etc, and booted up. All my files, program settings, everything was right where it was moments before the crash. Firefox recovered my tabs, and I didn’t even time-out my session on my Internet bank! Definitely the smoothest disk crash I’ve ever had.

Rob December 2, 2012 at 05:20

Linux is the Best OS i ever used if my life, if i was on life support hook up to a pc using linux i am in safe hands but if it had windows i prob be dead by now from malware and viruses slowing down the PC bottom line linux gets the job done!

Paul March 9, 2013 at 04:02

Been on linux for about 5 years now! Best thing I ever did, sure there is a learning curve: remembering what you forgot from the early days.
I even have my Burmese maid using Fedora on her computer and she loves it! All she needs is to play music, chat, take photos and watch movies!
I distro hopped for a couple of years before I finally settled on Fedora as it just suits me.

Robert Van April 1, 2013 at 23:32

I’m a fan of Linux because it is so much faster and more elegant than Windows. I’ve experimented with around 30 distros to date since 2003, ranging from tiny 10MB distros that boot in a second to specialized OSes built for low energy consumption. I’ve also built special silent computers just to run Linux, such those built on the ITX form factor. Again, the word “elegance” pops into my head. And, somehow Linux automatically adjusts to different hardware, so you can move your boot drive among machines (whether a USB drive, SATA drive etc). The only thing I really hate is that WINE and VirtualBox don’t always run everything I want, and the software libraries tend to be really shallow for the kinds of software I use. Contrary to public perception the LibreOffice and OpenOffice suites are not fully MS compatible, and I almost lost a job over what they did to my company’s spreadsheets. But still, any usability problem is really more me, not Linux. I’m an all-or-nothing type. I attempted to replace all my Windows machines with Linux in the home over a 2-year period and I just could not quite do everything in Linux. So I found I had to have mixed operating systems again, and at that point it just was not worth having Linux around and switching. But I miss Linux sooo badly. Someday, I will be running it again. Even Windows 7 with all its improvements is still annoying, and Windows 8 just makes me want to put my head in a hole like an ostrich.

Robert Van April 1, 2013 at 23:37

I have a friend who somehow has the ill of luck to constantly get infected with virii despite repeated reloads and updates of AVG etc. I’ve tried to get him to run Linux for the extremely basic computing that he does, but in a panic, he refuses, saying “the buttons are shaped different” or “it will be hard to learn.” Sigh. If only I could get him using xPUD. It’s basically a tiny Ubuntu with a browser. Total size, about 55mb. Try virusing that!

Matt behnken January 25, 2014 at 05:19

I use Linux Ubuntu on my new Chromebook because for college I have to use Eclipse to write Java ( i know, i know) I messed with Logmein and Team viewer and the like but after dual booting chrome os and Ubuntu I’ll never go back. Ha I thought I’d only be using Linux when I wanted to use Eclipse now I never switch back to Chrome OS!

Radcliffe January 27, 2014 at 02:09

The only regret I have with using Gnu/Linux is I didn’t start doing this 20 years ago. If there was a “Like” button on this blog just about every comment would get one.

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One Toke Over the Line

Peter Hauck

When asked about rumors that he's considering dropping out of the race, Senator McCain doesn't blow any smoke.

By Ed O'Keefe |  June 26, 2007; 8:48 AM ET John McCain
Previous: Driving Mitt Romney | Next: Obama's New Iowa TV Ads

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Network News

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Tara Wheeler, rear, crowns Miss Virginia 2009 Caressa Cameron last month. (Kyle Green/ AP/The Roanoke Times)

When we last heard from Tara Wheeler, we were coming to terms with the fact we weren't going to have a bald Miss Virginia.

The beauty queen pledged to shave her head if she could raise $500,000 for pediatric cancer research -- a deliberately high mark set by Miss Virginia pageant officials, who don't take radical coiffure lightly. Despite Wheeler's energetic efforts and a burst of national media attention, she fell significantly short of the fundraising goal. Still, she promised that once she ended her reign, she'd cut it all off anyway in solidarity with sick kids who lose their hair to chemo.

Last month, she crowned a new Miss Virginia -- Caressa Cameron, who, like Wheeler, was originally Miss Arlington -- and ... well, Tara, you've still got your hair!

"The plan," she told us, "is to shave it in September" to mark Pediatric Cancer Month and find every possible money-raising opportunity. Meanwhile, with her pageant days over, Wheeler is now looking for jobs as a sportscaster. A bald anchor? Almost as good.

By The Reliable Source  |  July 13, 2009; 1:01 AM ET
Categories:  Update
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Tara Wheeler should be ashamed for backing down from her challenge. A local actor, Julie Bain is shaving her head on Youtube on Wednesday, July 16th for two charities and even though she may not reach her charitable goal, she is still going through with it. If Tara has a clue, she should visit and see what a truly gutsy person would do!

Posted by: Junior3 | July 14, 2009 5:23 PM | Report abuse

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The Practice That Never Was

Ralph Friedgen has questioned all season whether he has been reaching his players. But one practice he did not call may have sent a clear message to his players.

After the 23-13 loss at Virginia Tech on Nov. 6, Friedgen was “very upset” and thought long and hard about staging a 5 a.m. practice that Friday to wake his players up, literally and figuratively.

“It’s like when you see your children don’t do well and you want them to do well,” Friedgen said. “You don’t know whether to scold them or cuddle them. It’s kind of that type of deal with these guys.”

In the end, Friedgen decided against unleashing the “wrath of Ralph,” as he called it. It turned out to be the right move. We will now see how Maryland can handle some success.

By Eric Prisbell  |  November 17, 2008; 10:45 AM ET
Categories:  Football
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Same second guess he made after the UVA loss with the midnight practice. Can you really say these are good decisions? Maybe if he has the midnight practice or the 5am practice the Terps win the next game (when pride will motivate them anyways) AND some other trap games down the road...

Posted by: Lee26 | November 17, 2008 10:55 AM | Report abuse

haven't coaches threatened doing this for as long as there has been football? even in high school 20 years ago our coach pulled this after a road game. For the whole bus ride home we are still in our pads thinking that we would be running tackling drills once we got home. Of course he just gave us a stern pep talk and sent us home. I wonder if anyone has ever really followed through on this threat.

Posted by: mcmelton | November 17, 2008 11:54 AM | Report abuse

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KSLU Exam Result April May 2016 June UG PG

KSLU BA, BBA, LLB, LLM Exam Results 2016 April May June

The Karnataka State Law University was founded at the year of 2009 in the state of Karnataka and hence the name of the state had been made as the name for the university and as it is a college that teaches law and so it had been named as Karnataka State Law University. The university has the law course as it was taught to the students and the course period is up to 5 years. The university holds 92 colleges under its affiliation in which the course of law was only taught in all the colleges.

The semester examinations have been completed by the university in which the students are waiting for the KSLU 2016 results as the university board will announce the results quickly and the works are in progress to announce the result. As it is the only university which teaches the course of law, there will be more number of students who have wrote the examination in all the colleges so that the university will take more time for announcing the result as the works will be more due to more number of students. In all the affiliated colleges, the examination have been conducted at the same time in which the KSLU will instruct the colleges for the examination.

The university will release the date of the announcement of the result first so that the students will be notified for the date of the Karnataka State Law University results and in some colleges, the staff will notify the students once the date is announced on the website of the university. The announcement of the date of the result can be released within a week or two as the works are going to be ended and at the ending stage of the work only, the university will release the date of the result.

On the previous years, the result had been announced at the month of June and so on this year also, the KSLU results can be expected at the month of June 2016 and the date they mentioned will be also in the month of June and so on. There will be no change in the date of the result as the result will be surely announced at that date and after announcement, the students can check the results at the websites only so that the students must be online to check the results during the time of announcement. The result can be viewed only when the student correctly enters the details asked in the page and so on.

KSLU exam result Available Here.

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Big data analytics and the right to privacy

By Jenifer Sunrise Winter on February 13, 2016

Smile, you are on camera,” by Intel Free Press under CC BY-SA 2.0.

My work addresses communication rights in the context of the widespread growth and expansion of the Internet. In particular, I focus on privacy rights in the context of Internet-based data collection and analysis (big data analytics).

Privacy is explicitly stated under Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is seen as an enabler of other communication rights, such as freedom of expression and freedom of association. However, with the widespread diffusion of the Internet, technical barriers to surveillance have diminished, and legal and regulatory protections for personal privacy have been unable to address the complexity of related technical and economic changes. Because privacy is an abstract, seemingly intangible concept, deeply interwoven with other rights and dependent on context, it is often difficult to define and assess.

My task as a scholar is to document instances where citizens feel that their personal information has been inappropriately collected, used, or shared, and then (along with the work of other scholars) map out the benefits and harms of the technological systems that are enabling surveillance. I seek to provide evidence about how big data analytics can expose private information, thereby disadvantaging certain individuals or groups, creating unjust power differentials, and hindering public participation in democratic discourse – weighing this against the many possible benefits.

While we tend to think of the Internet as something virtual and intangible, information accessed via communication devices such as a smartphone or mobile personal computer, it is rapidly becoming part of the natural world itself. An increasing number of ordinary objects are being designed, or redesigned, to include digital sensors, computing power, and communication capabilities.

By 2020, an estimated 50-75 billion “Things” (intelligent, everyday objects) may be connected to the Internet (Danova, 2013). As more of these become present in our daily environment and communicate over the Internet, the “real” and virtual worlds are merging. This so-called “Internet of Things” is poised to offer many benefits, but it also poses many threats to personal privacy and self-expression.

More data is expected to flow over the Internet in 2016 than in the sum of all previous years since 1969 (Cisco, 2014). Data are increasingly generated and analyzed by computers, such as those embedded in modern automobiles, smart meters measuring electrical use in the home, and appliances in our homes. Many of these data are personal – for example, televisions or gaming consoles might record all of the audio in a room, capturing our personal conversations, or they may use facial-recognition features that observe when one is watching a particular television program or playing a certain game.

For example, Vizio smart televisions record the date, time, and channel of programs you watch and sell this information, along with your IP address, to data brokers such as Neustar, who combine it with hundreds of personal attributes (e.g., your age, marital status, estimated wealth, credit score). Increasingly, data from smart “Things” is being combined with data from public records (e.g., address, property taxes, criminal records, divorce proceedings, and demographics, as well as data shared via social network sites).

Stripping away anonymity

Big data analytics harnessed by the emerging Internet of Things undoubtedly has the potential to offer a great deal of societal benefit; however, there is increasing evidence of unjust discrimination for some individuals and groups. In some jurisdictions, laws require that sensitive data are stripped of personally-identifiable information, anonymizing them to avoid harm. However, the
volume of data now collected, and the sophistication of the tools used to mine it, makes it possible to re-identify anonymous data.
Medical researchers matched personal DNA sequences shared on Internet genealogy forums with other publicly available data – uniquely identifying many subjects (Gymrek, McGuire, Golan, Halperin & Erlich, 2013). Location-based data, such as that collected by your phone throughout the day, can also uniquely identify you. Researchers  examining vehicle location data as part of the Telecom Italia Big Data Challenge, found that only a handful of data points (locations) was needed to uniquely identify drivers in the city of Milan, and that there is no way, at present, to anonymize these data (Manfredi, Mir, Lu, & Sanchez, 2014).

A refugee helper and a refugee overcome language barriers by using their mobile phones,” by G. Kraftschik under CC-BY.

Anonymity is essential to democratic political practice, as it provides freedom to seek information and express ideas – however unpopular – including those critical of government (Solove, 2011). Anonymity enables citizens to go about their everyday lives without inhibition, and therefore its absence can stifle dissent and free expression.As citizens have become increasingly aware
of state and corporate surveillance, they may self-censor, avoiding seeking information, sharing ideas, or associating with others due to fear of surveillance and reprisal.

A 2013 study by a national group representing journalists, cartoonists, and other writers, surveyed its members and found that they reported increasingly engaging in self-censorship due to growing awareness of government mass surveillance programs that monitor the activities of everyday citizens (PEN American Center, 2013).

Impact on individuals

Analysis of large data sets may reveal patterns that allow governments or marketers to infer certain things about a person, or even forecast his or her behavior. As more and more data are being collected related to everyday tasks that seem innocuous – location over time, items purchased or browsed for, entertainment media consumed, “friends” added or looked at on social networks, or proximity with certain people or places, they can be used to make judgements that affect an individual and his or her life chances.

For example, in two recent studies I conducted, participants expressed concern that analysis of these data may lead to discrimination when individuals seek housing, immigration eligibility, or employment (Winter, 2014; Winter, 2015). Access to private data creates an asymmetry between citizens, who are surveilled and categorized, and states or corporations, who can mine it for insight.

For example, insurance companies may no longer spread risk across a large group when they are able to cut off those deemed less profitable based on big data analytics. Upturn (2014) notes that this is already occurring, as the collection of “non- raditional” third-party data sources enablesprediction that is just as accurate as a medical examination. This may lead to higher financial burdens for those with certain medical conditions, as well as for healthy individuals categorized as high-risk due to late-night driving or living in a low-income area, groups already populated by vulnerable populations.

Similarly, when you bring your excess change to a self-service coin-counting kiosk, banks may be purchasing that data and using it to estimate the probability that you will default on your mortgage (i.e., they may assume that if you are constantly turning in coins, you may be struggling financially). In many cases, data collection lacks transparency, so citizens are unaware of what is being collected, how it is being analyzed, or with whom it is being shared.

Despite legal protections, there may be instances where the monetary value of a data set outweighs an organization’s concern with ethical or legal restrictions. Energy use data gathered by smart meters in the home, for example, might reveal specific lifestyle information that could be used by insurers or commercial service providers (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010). Genetic information, increasingly available in anonymized form on the Internet, is another area of concern. Despite laws such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (United States), there are powerful financial incentives for mining. Where such laws restrict use, big data analytics may simply rely on non-protected “proxy” fields, allowing other, non-protected information that correlates with the variable of interest to be used instead. Barocas and Selbst (2016) explain how process-oriented civil rights laws cannot adequately address the disparate impact of big data analytics, as discrimination based on proxies will often “discover” patterns that continue to reinforce existing social inequalities.

It should be noted that big data analytics is not limited to countries and regions traditionally rich in information and communication technologies – it is also poised to transform developing nations. Even where the Internet is not yet robust, the growth of mobile networks has enabled big data analytics. Credit assessment has been revolutionized by the predictive analysis of “non-traditional” data gathered via mobile phone use. On the positive side, this is bringing affordable credit to “hundreds of millions of aspiring middle-class consumers in emerging markets” in nations such as Kenya and Columbia (Costa, Deb, & Kubzansky, 2015, p. 4).

A similar positive benefit of big data analytics has been reported in regard to the Middle East refugee crisis. As reported by Marr (2015), Nagina Kaur Dhanoa, CIO for the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, observed that “The first thing people running the Za’atri [refugee] camp in Jordan ask for is not tents and blankets, but where they can charge their mobile phone” (para. 4). Mobiles help refugees connect to health services, and locate food, supplies, and housing. They also allow governments, NGOs, and corporations to create unique data profiles for each refugee, creating the possibility for personal data abuse.

As big data analytics continues to penetrate the core of business and governmental decisionmaking around the world, my research seeks to assess the distribution of both benefits and harms resulting from data-gathering activities, as well as to explore whether the distributions that result are in conflict with general moral and political principles related to community values.

For example, in many democracies, privacy is understood as a concept that supports democratic values (e.g., equality and justice). By cataloging these distributions, scholars can influence policymakers. The results of two of my studies (along with other scholars’ work) addressing privacy concerns related to the Internet of Things and smart meters have been recently included in public comments before the Federal Trade Commission, a United States government agency tasked with consumer protection.

Borja Burguillos.

Further, because big data analytics and the emerging Internet of Things invariably put some subset(s) of citizens at risk, I have sought to make the process itself more transparent to citizens by taking part in media interviews and creating accessible summaries of research articles for the public.

While the effects of these efforts are not immediately observable, an accumulation of such research by scholars has led to governments around the world strengthening personal data protection regulations and has brought critical issues related to privacy and freedom of expression to the attention of the public, fostering informed debate.

By Jenifer Sunrise Winter| February 13, 2016
Categories:  Media Development

About the Author

Jenifer Sunrise Winter

Jenifer Sunrise Winter

Jenifer Sunrise Winter is Associate Professor in the School of Communications at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Her research focuses on communication rights, in particular privacy and the Internet of Things. Related research addresses broadband access rights, and the Internet as a support of democratic institutions and publics. She serves as Secretary of the Right to Communicate Group.

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Japan’s Christian Council opposes state secrets bill

By Hisashi Yukimoto on December 12, 2013

Civic group members holding banners to protest a controversial bill on November 21, 2013 that gives Tokyo broad powers in deciding what is a state secret, and severely punish those who leak information. Photo: Agence France-Presse

Law would deprive citizens of the ‘right to know,’ says council

Tokyo, Japan—Japan’s legislature, the Diet, on Dec. 6 passed a highly contentious state secrets protection bill into law, despite protests from the opposition, the public and church leaders.

The bill, submitted to the Diet on Oct. 25, aims to tighten control of sensitive information in such areas as diplomacy, defense, anti-spying and antiterrorism as state secrets. Those found guilty of leaking the secrets could face up to 10 years in prison, according to a Dec. 6 story in Asahi Shimbun, one of Japan’s oldest and largest newspapers.

One of the most controversial points of the bill is that it allows bureaucrats and elected officials to arbitrarily widen their interpretations of what they deem to be state secrets, said Asahi Shimbun.

And it has no definite mechanism for an independent panel to verify whether these designations are appropriate, although the government has announced plans to form a "third-party" body to oversee this process, the newspaper reported.

Japan’s Catholic bishops protested the bill. In a statement on Dec. 7, the standing committee of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Japan warned the passage of the law through the House of Councilors could “destroy the foundation of democracy,” according to UCA News, an Asian Catholic news service.

The statement, addressed to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, stressed that the law could jeopardize the three main principles of the Japan’s constitution: the people’s sovereignty, respect for basic human rights and pacifism.

Many organizations, including the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Japan PEN Club, also issued statements against the law. On the day of the vote, about 15,000 people gathered in central Tokyo to protest against the legislation.

The bishops’ committee members stressed that “we strongly oppose these rough and ready votes and demand that the same mandatory votes will never be performed again.”

The prelates also expressed fear that information about nuclear plants might be hidden from the public.

“The bill being discussed now seems very similar to the Public Order Preservation Law” enacted in 1925, which enabled Imperial Japan to arrest anyone who voiced protest against the then-government, said Takeda, a Buddhist monk and secretary of Shukyosha Kyujo-no-wa, a multi-faith grouping, according to the Tokyo Times.

The National Christian Council in Japan (NCCJ) on Nov. 22 had released a statement against the bill, which was passed by the Diet’s Lower House on Nov. 27.

"The Designated State Secrets Protection Bill is an evil bill that would deprive the people who are the sovereign of their right to know, punish them if they are just seen as approaching designated secrets, and control the freedom of thought and religion of the people," said the NCCJ executive committee.

"We express our strong opposition against the bill, as we are deeply concerned that Japan would become a 'war-making nation' again by enacting this bill," the statement said.

Asahi Shimbun reported that during the debate, one opposition legislator yelled that the bill was “typical of the ruling party’s arrogance.” Another said, “it is tantamount to declaring that the opposition’s voice does not need to be heard.” Committee members from Your Party and the Japan Restoration Party left the meeting in protest before the vote, arguing the bill has yet to be debated fully.

December 12, 2013
Categories:  News

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Social Science
Literature Arabic Islamic Studies C.R.K History MusicVisual Art Clothing/Textile Home Management Shorthand
Hausa Paper 2, May/June 2009
Questions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Main
General Comments

Question 1

(a)Ways of blocking the activities of cultist in Secondary Schools.

Hanyoyin dakile ayyukan kungiyoyin asiri a Makarantun Sakandare.

(b)Things I do everyday.

Abubuwan da nake yi a kowace rana.

(c) Continuity or single tenure, which is the best for Nigerian politics?

Ta-zarce ko mulki sau daya wane ya fi dacewa da Nijeriya?

(d) Write a letter to your uncle expressing your joy when you spent the last holidays with him.

Rubuta wasika zuwa ga kawunka ka bayyana masa irin jin dadin zama da ka yi da shi a lokacin da ka yi hutu wajensa.

(e) The king is not the problem but the Courtier

Rijiya ta ba da ruwa, guga ya hana.

(A) The candidates were expected to write possible ways that could help in blocking the activities of cultist in our Secondary Schools.  In attempting this question, candidates were expected to mention things like: the school authority should take note of strange behaviours of some students; religious leaders should be involved in educating the students on the dangers of such an evil association; severe punishment should be meted on the culprits; etc.  Few candidates attempted the question and their performance was fair.

(B) This is a descriptive essay and the candidates were expected to write on their daily routine either as a boarding or day student.  In attempting the question, candidates were to start explaining right from the time they woke up from bed till they go back to sleep.  Some of those things may include: prayers, sanitation, bathing, greetings, taking break, etc.  Many candidates attempted this question and their performance was encouraging.

(C) The question is an argumentative essay, it sought the opinion of the candidates on the appropriate tenureship for the political office holders.  Very few candidates attempted the question and their performance was poor.

(D) The candidates were expected to write an informal letter using the following format:

  • Address of the writer
  • Salutation
  • Introduction
  • Content
  • Conclusion

The content of the letter which may include the following points:

  • kind of accommodation given to you;
  • food, clothes, pocket money;
  • money for the purchase of textbooks and other educational materials; etc.

Many candidates attempted the question and their performance was fair.

(E) The statement above is a proverb.  It required the candidates to give it’s meaning, narrate a story that will end with that proverb and further mention other proverbs of it’s equivalent, e.g.

(i)  Ba a mugun Sarki sai mugun Bafade.
(ii)  Hana ruwa gudu.

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Dodgers World Series Ring Walter O'Malley The Official Website

Yearbooks (50's)
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Black Bats
World Series Black Bats produced by Hillerich and Bradsby are only issued to the participating World Series teams and selected baseball executives. The idea of a championship bat began in 1934 with the issuance of the brown Detroit Tiger Bat. In 1938, the bat was changed to the familiar glossy black color with silver embossed block lettered or facsimile signatures of the team players. Starting in 1939, the names were stamped in gold color. These bats are very scarce as only 100-150 are produced each year. The Dodgers issued the following Black Bats during Walter O’Malley’s era as Dodger President and Chairman of the Board (1951-79).

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Dominican republic company Ascensores Dominicanos, S.a. was given a rating of 3.9 out of 5 (10 voters)
Company Ascensores Dominicanos, S.a. was has a rating of 3.9 based on 10 votes
Status of the company in general:INACTIVE
Name of the company:ASCENSORES DOMINICANOS, S.A.
Dominican republic company code:9310
Physical addresses:
Directors / owners:
Phone numbers:
Fax numbers:
Internet websites:
Date of registration:1984-06-30
Date of dissolution:2004-06-30
Type of the company:NO/NO
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Dominican republic company ASCENSORES DOMINICANOS, S.A. was found on our site with thses phrases:

If information is not correct and you want to update it or have any questions about it, kindly please contact us by clicking here or via e-mail
Thank you!
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2017 © – Free database of Dominican republic businesses
This is public information provided by official company registers and other public data sources. Materials about companies have been prepared only for information purposes. They are not intended to be nor do they constitute legal advice. Data could have changed since the last update! The ratings are calculated from votes given by website visitors. Because of our privacy policy, we can not provide who and when voted on specific company and what rating was given. People can vote by pressing on the stars on company page.
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James R. Steining, 55

James R. Steining, 55, of Mountain Top, Pa., formerly of Wapakoneta, died at 1:15 p.m., Tuesday, March 18, 2014, at his residence. He was born April 6, 1958, in Lima, the son of Henry B. and Jane F. (Kohler) Steining. His parents survive in Wapakoneta.

Other survivors include, three children, Angela D. (Ryan) Sample, of Indianapolis, Ind., Cristine A. (Michael) Shaw, of Delphos, Andrew J. (fiancée Gabriella Perdmo) Steining, of Camp Lejeune, N.C.; a grandson, Landon James Sample; siblings, Stephen W. (Gail) Steining, of Burnsville, Minn., Patricia J. Steining, of Jacksonville, Fla., Henry B. (Sally) Steining, Jr., of Canton, Joseph M. (Michele) Steining, of Colleyville, Texas; 12 nieces and nephews, and six great-nieces and great-nephews.

Jim worked as a district manager at Vector Security Co., Mountian Top, for 15 years. A 1976 graduate of Wapakoneta Senior High School, he served with the combat engineers in the U.S. Army in Germany. He was a member of the St. Jude Catholic Church, and the Knights of Columbus, both of Mountain Top. He enjoyed hunting and target shooting.

Mass of Christian Burial will be at 10:30 a.m., Monday, March 24, 2014, at St. Joseph Catholic Church, Wapakoneta, with Rev. Daniel Hunt officiating. The family will receive friends from 2-4 and 6-8 p.m., Sunday, at the Bayliff & Eley Funeral Home, state route 501, Wapakoneta.

Memorial contributions may be directed to the American Red Cross. Condolences may be expressed at bayliffandeleyfh.com.


text:
Dillon’s other legacy

To the Editor:

Goodbye Mr. Dillon.
I wanted to take this opportunity to say goodbye to an individual who, along with his predecessors, has done more to destroy the Buckeye Brook Watershed than any other source. You have allowed the airport to discharge millions of gallons of unregulated pollutants into the watershed. There has not been an enforceable RIPDES Permit for storm water runoff issued to RIAC since 1987. Over the past 25 years when RIDEM has tried to do their jobs by issuing a permit, RIAC has met them with resistance, obstruction and litigation. The damage you and RIAC have caused to the environment may not become evident for another 15 to 20 years.
The pundits in this state are lining up to shower you with accolades for your accomplishments. They will start to define the legacy that you leave behind. These pundits, who mostly operate using the same business philosophy that you do, which we call the three Ps – Politics, Power and Profit – will try to elevate you to superstar status. As the impacts of your actions or inactions unfold in the future, I hope to be here to modify your legacy to ensure that the truth is told. Look up the definition of carpetbagger and see if it best describes you and your actions.
Now to the selection of the next political appointee and what business philosophy he or she will possess. We would like to make the following recommendations, which start with the individual having the highest level of integrity and must be a resident of Rhode Island. The individual’s business philosophy will not be the three Ps but the three Cs – Competency, Conscience and Common Sense.
Again, I say goodbye and hope you leave this state in the dark of night, and as you leave, apologizing to the environment you helped destroy. Take with you the knowledge that not everyone was mesmerized by what we called the “Dillon spin.”

Philip D’Ercole
Resident of Warwick Pond, also known as RIAC’s sewer.

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What about every time it rains the beaches are closed cause of all the sewage in the water????? But that's ok right? That's good for the fishing and swimming and kids playing in the sand. I think above all the sewage discharge every time we get a heavy rain into the rivers,streams, coves and bay is the larger enviornmental problem

Tuesday, June 26, 2012 | Report this


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O’Malley Planning Minimum Wage Roundtable with Business Owners

ANNAPOLIS, Md. — Gov. Martin O’Malley will visit Upper Marlboro for a discussion with businesses owners who support a minimum wage increase.

O’Malley also plans to tour Linemark, a printing and Internet services company, Thursday morning. The roundtable discussion will be at the same location, at 10:30 a.m.

The governor plans to discuss the prospective benefits of a minimum wage from business owners’ viewpoints, his office reported.

(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)

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