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Cornelia, Georgia

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Cornelia, Georgia
Downtown Cornelia
Downtown Cornelia
Official seal of Cornelia, Georgia
Nickname(s): Home of the Big Red Apple
Location in Habersham County and the state of Georgia
Location in Habersham County and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 34°30′49″N 83°31′51″W / 34.51361°N 83.53083°W / 34.51361; -83.53083Coordinates: 34°30′49″N 83°31′51″W / 34.51361°N 83.53083°W / 34.51361; -83.53083
Country United States
State Georgia
County Habersham
Blaine 1860
Cornelia October 22, 1887
 • Type Mayoral, elected democratically by popular vote.
 • Mayor J.C. Irby[1]
 • City Manager Donald Anderson, Jr.[2]
 • Total 4.0 sq mi (10.3 km2)
 • Land 3.9 sq mi (10.2 km2)
 • Water 0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation 1,500 ft (457 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 4,160
 • Density 1,056/sq mi (407.7/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 30531
Area code(s) 706
FIPS code 13-19728[3]
GNIS feature ID 0355323[4]

Cornelia is a city in Habersham County, Georgia, United States. The population was 4,160 at the 2010 census,[5] up from 3,674 at the 2000 census. It is home to one of the world's largest apple sculptures, which is displayed on top of an obelisk-shaped monument. Cornelia was the retirement home of baseball legend Ty Cobb who was born nearby, and was a base of operation for production of the 1956 Disney film The Great Locomotive Chase that was filmed along the Tallulah Falls Railway that ran from Cornelia northward along the rim of Tallulah Gorge to Franklin, North Carolina.

Cornelia is located in southern Habersham County at 34°30′49″N 83°31′51″W / 34.51361°N 83.53083°W / 34.51361; -83.53083 (34.513716, -83.530942).[6] It is bordered to the east by Mount Airy and to the southwest by Baldwin.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10.3 km2), of which 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 1.06%, are water.[5]

(This section adapted from Cornelia, The First Hundred Years printed in 1987 by the Habersham Historical Society (uncopyrighted — public domain) in commemoration of the town’s centennial with minor chronological editorial updates)

The first European to visit what is now Habersham County was Hernando de Soto, who came in search of gold in 1540. He came from the southeast, around Currahee Mountain, by way of Chopped Oak (which was called "Digaluyatunyib" by the Cherokee Indians). This place was the site of an ancient oak tree which was notched by the Indians after each scalping. De Soto is thought to have traveled through Nacoochee Valley [1], crossing the Soque River near Clarkesville, and continuing on his way. A small part of the southern end of the county was probably at one time held by the Creek Indians, while the Cherokee Indians inhabited the rest of the county. The old boundary line between the Cherokee and Creek nations ran below where Chenocetah Mountain and Hillcrest are located and now lies within the city limits of Cornelia. The white men soon persuaded the State of Georgia to take the lands from the Indians. The United States government held that the State could not do so; but the spirit of local self-government was still strong in Georgia, and the state defied the federal government and took the land despite the rulings of the Supreme Court. The first treaty affecting any part of what is now Habersham County was in 1804 and concerned a tract of land "four miles in width from the top of Currahee Mountain to the north ford of the Oconee River." (Stephens County was not created until 1905.) The area is now in Banks County near Wofford Shoals. Many of the old land grants to the head right lands, now largely in the government area around Nancytown Lake [2], were granted in this period. This Treaty of 1804 is called "The Four Mile Purchase Treaty" and, although the land was originally in Franklin County, the original strip now lies in Banks and Habersham counties because of later redistribution of land between the counties.

Stores in downtown Cornelia

The Blair Line was the boundary between the State of Georgia and the Cherokee Nation (now Georgia Highway 115 at its junction with Georgia Highway 105). It was named for James Blair, the surveyor who identified the exact line. In 1817, the boundary line was established for the purchase of all lands east of the Chattahoochee River from the forks of the Soque and Chattahoochee in a direct northerly line to the Tallulah River. The Treaty of 1818 completed the purchase by the State of Georgia. US Highway 23 and 441 runs along the divide between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. As previously stated, it was the boundary line between the Cherokee and Creek Indian nations. Along this ridge ran the Indian War Trail, from a Cherokee settlement on the upper Tugalo River to what is now Atlanta. A branch went southeast into the Creek nation.

At the close of the Civil War in 1865, the section where Cornelia is now located was a typical mountain forest. The spot was so well secluded that a moonshine still was operated without interference at the site of what is now the center of downtown — the Southern Railway station (Tri-County Advertiser, June 16, 1927). Cornelia was first settled around 1870. lt was situated near the old boundary line between the Cherokee and Creek Indian tribes, the Cherokee land extending to the north and the Creek land to the south. In 1872, workers of the Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line Railway (later Charlotte-Airline; today's Southern Railway) invaded the virgin forest. A roadbed was cleared and graded, and tracks were laid from Gainesville to Toccoa. In 1882, the Blue Ridge and Atlantic Railroad opened a line which extended northward from the Charlotte-Airline to Clarkesville and Tallulah Falls. The Tallulah Falls Railway, as it came to be called, carried passengers, freight, and mail from Cornelia to Franklin, North Carolina. Many of the passengers rode to view Tallulah Gorge, which was one of the most scenic spots in northeast Georgia. Later, the railway served a more utilitarian purpose, until after World War II, when the line was discontinued.

At first the settlement at the junction of the railroads was called "Tom Paine's Post Office". From the day when the railroad began operations, there were signs of building activities in and around the area. With the help of a friendly judge, who was also the attorney for the Blue Ridge Railroad, a local man named Henry Smith had the junction of the two railways moved so that it was adjacent to this property. Then Mr. Smith superimposed a gridiron street pattern on his property to form blocks. The blocks, in turn, were subdivided into building lots. To ensure the success of his speculative venture, the owner deeded every other block to the railroad in return for moving its tracks and sold lots on the remaining blocks to railroad employees. The owner of the property on the opposite side of the tracks followed suit by subdividing and selling his property. It, too, was platted in a grid pattern. These two subdivision plats form the original plan for the town of Cornelia, complete with narrow streets and no provision for parks or other amenities. The plat shows streets laid out parallel to the property boundary lines, which were roughly parallel to the railroad. The square blocks which lie east and northeast of the central business district of Cornelia represent the original town.

The railroad depot was originally called "Blaine" for the Republican presidential candidate James Gillespie Blaine, but the cluster of houses was called "Rabun Gap Junction". When the first charter of the town was secured by an attorney representing the railroad (Middleton P. Barrow), the name was changed to "Cornelia" in honor of his second wife (and daughter of Confederate Major General Henry R. Jackson), and so it has remained. Cornelia's official date of incorporation was October 22, 1887. The state defined its boundaries by inscribing a circle with a radius of one-half mile. Logically enough, this inscribed circle was centered on the railway station.

Main Steet

In 1895, J. A. Reynolds, a local land surveyor and town planner, made a city plan of Cornelia for the Broadview Park Land and lmprovement Company for Cornelia. This plan followed Mr. Reynolds' ideas for Demorest and included curvilinear streets, parks, and lakes. There was an attempt to carry out this plan, as Cornelia's perimeter road which follows the circular boundary and the large city park were components of Mr. Reynolds' plan. The plat of this improvement plan for Cornelia is on file in the Habersham County Courthouse in Clarkesville. In addition to being the official town plat, it is also an advertisement for selling lots in Cornelia. Advertising on this plat is identical to that carried on the original plat for the town of Demorest, which entices prospective buyers with promises of clean mountain air, fresh water, scenic views, medicinal springs, business opportunities in timber and mining of iron ore, and handsome profits on investments in land located in Cornelia. According to the June 16, 1927, issue of the Tri-County Advertiser, Thomas Capps and Thomas Paine established the first business house of any importance in the struggling village. It grew and prospered until 1884, when Peter King and L. T. Sellers bought the business and operated it for more than twenty years. They later sold it to L.Y. Irvin, who operated the business as one of the largest department stores in this section of the state. Early subdivision development in Cornelia continued at least until 1912. A plat for the Clear-View Subdivision was filed with the county in 1909, and the Park View Heights Subdivision plat was filed in 1912.

Cornelia is built on the falling slopes of seven hills which collect together to form a group of Georgia's highest mountains, the Blue Ridge Mountains. Cornelia is actually an intrusion of the generally flat, rolling upper Chattahoochee River Plateau and the beginning of the Georgia Mountain Region. The elevation of the town varies from 1,400 to 1,650 feet (430 to 500 m) above sea level. Located on hills and dales, there are many springs and streams. Lake Russell, named for Richard Russell, Jr., former governor and U.S. senator, is located 2 miles (3 km) southeast of the city and is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide. It lies between Chenocetah Mountain and Currahee Mountain in part of the land contained in the Four Mile Purchase of 1804.

Early industry[edit]

The first industry in Cornelia was a tanyard located on the banks of Tanyard Creek on the highway from the mountains to Athens. During the early 19th century, the area became a shopping center when covered wagons, crossing the mountains en route to Athens, stopped at this tanyard to sell or exchange their goods for leather to be made into various articles.

Other early industries were the result of the immigration to the area around 1880 of large numbers of Germans and Swiss. Although many were cobblers, watchmakers, and weavers, most of them were farmers and winemakers. Winemaking flourished until the state of Georgia adopted a strict prohibition law, and the vineyards were cut down to make room for farming. Much of the farmland in the area was cultivated into cotton fields. A cotton gin (known as "Hoppers") was locally owned and operated on the Cornelia-Clarkesville Highway. Among the men prominent in the early history of the town were Thomas Kimsey, Perry Blackburn, J.A. Walker, J.L. Maxwell, B.W. Grant Sr., and C.H. Sellers. A number of small businesses began to spring up around the junction, and there was a steady growth. Industries which flourished later were timber and lumber products and the cultivation of apples and peaches. J.P. Shore built the first sawmill. Colonel John Porter Fort [3], along with other Georgians, promoted the cultivation of apples and peaches by sending samples of the fruits to enter into competition at the Washington State Fair in 1905. The superb flavors were noted and given first prize with highest honors, thereby gaining national recognition.

In 1890, gristmills were owned by P.R. Kinsey, T.J. Warren, and A.P. Wofford. J.C. Edwards and W.M. Stott operated hotels. J.M. Biggers and P.G. Payne were shoemakers, and Joe Poe was the town's blacksmith. General stores were King and Sellers, and W.M. Stott's. J.C. Edwards was justice of the peace. W.S. Echols was bailiff, and W.N. Harden was a lawyer and the town's depot master. Hotel owners in the town contributed a great deal to the growth and development of Cornelia. According to one source, the first hotel in the town was operated by Oliver Wyley, with Worth Grant coming soon after to open the Grant Hotel. After the burning of the hotel operated by Mr. Wyley, Mr. Grant bought its lot and built a large, modern hotel which he operated very successfully for a number of years. By advertising that it served chicken pie 365 days a year, he made it one of the most popular hotels between Atlanta and Charlotte. About 1912 he sold the hotel to Joseph W. Jackson, who operated the place as the "Commercial Hotel". At about the same time, the Stovall Hotel was erected on the site of the first Grant Hotel. (History and Resources of the Hills of Habersham County, published by Department of Education, Clarkesville, Georgia, 1937, pp. 19–20.) About the year 1900, business dealings became more active. Officially, the 1900 census listed 1,058 inhabitants in the district of Cornelia. Of these, 467 resided within the city limits. It was in that year that W.S. Witham, J.W. Peyton, I.T. Sellers, and others organized and opened for business the Cornelia Bank [4] with a gain in capital of $15,000. In 1909, the First National Bank was organized and opened for business with a paid-in capital of $30,000 by C.J. Hood, C.W. Grant, G.B. Irvin, P.Y. Duckett, and others. About the years 1910-1912, bonds were issued and a system of waterworks and sewerage was installed.

ln 1903, a disastrous fire occurred in the town and practically cleaned out all the frame structures in the block across from the railroad station. In 1904, Martin and Oakes purchased the lots made vacant by the fire and erected the corner building now occupied by the Cornelia Pharmacy. These gentlemen sold their interests to W.I. Stovall, who continued to develop the block. Many believe that the interest and development by Mr. Stovall contributed to the ongoing growth of the town more than any other individual at this time (Tri-County Advertiser, June 16, 1927). About 1906, the Postal Telegraph surveyed and built a telegraph line from Atlanta to Washington, DC, and, as most of their lines were constructed along streets and highways, they erected their lines through Cornelia on the east side of Foreacre Street to Jones Street and the Toccoa Highway (This Yonah of Yesteryear by R.L. Maxwell, p. 4.). J. Archie Willis, who featured Cornelia in an article in the Atlanta Journal (August 4, 1918), stated that "Cornelia hospitality is the result of its having been built. . . by men and women to whom the spirit of hospitality comes naturally. They're glad to see new people in Cornelia, and they know how to make one feel they are glad to have the visit with them." In the same featured story, the following facts about Cornelia were mentioned:

  1. Has sixteen passenger trains per day
  2. Boasts of four peach packing plants and two apple packing plants
  3. Has two planning mills, a cotton ginnery, two grist mills, and a roller mill
  4. Has automobile repair shops and blacksmith shops
  5. Possesses a wagon manufacturing plant
  6. Owns a local telephone system with 300 residence phones (at $1.50 per month) and 65 business phones (at $2.00 per month)
  7. Sends 400 children to school, which has at least 10 teachers.

L.Y. lrvin is listed as mayor, with the Town Council being composed of J.M. Gillespie, W.B. Parks, Plumer Duckett, G.R. Brown, and M.N. Crow. In 1946, Johnson & Johnson built a textile manufacturing plant in Cornelia under the name "Chicopee". In 1980 the site was transferred to Ethicon, another Johnson & Johnson company that manufactures sutures and surgical needles.

Cornelia abounds in historical lore. Near the city is the Wofford Trail, on which many stagecoach robberies occurred. The last railroad holdup in Georgia took place at Cagle's Crossing, which is a few miles south of Cornelia.[7] The whole of Habersham County was extremely loyal to the Confederacy and was known, along with the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and countless other fertile, out-of-the-way places as the "breadbasket of the Confederacy", as thousands of bushels of wheat and corn were supplied to the troops from this area alone. After the fall of Atlanta, a detachment of Sherman's cavalry was sent to raid the county; but the Confederate Home Guard, made up of men too old for military duty, left the mountains on which Cornelia is situated and met the Yankee raiders at a narrow pass about four miles east of the town. By making considerable noise and stirring up clouds of smoke, they scared off the enemy and saved the area from complete devastation. Today this skirmish is remembered as "The Battle of the Narrows".[8] A few years after the war, a young school teacher named William Herschel Cobb and his wife Amanda settled near the site of this skirmish, and she gave birth in 1886 to one of the greatest baseball players of all time, Ty Cobb.

Cornelia has been helped in its growth by its good schools. In the early days, the school system was owned and operated by the town of Cornelia. Each student provided their books and paid a tuition fee, half payable before Christmas, with the balance due after Christmas. The school principal would determine what books would be needed and would then send someone to Atlanta to order books and supplies personally from the publishers (Maxwell, p. 4). Among the first schools was the Kimsey Institute, located on land given by T.J. Kimsey. The First Baptist Church was organized there; for many years it was used for both school and church. Willie Grant and J.T. Wise were two of the early teachers. After attendance outgrew the early frame building in 1897, another school was built with Professor A.E. Booth elected as principal. According to the document published by the Habersham County Department of Education in 1937, Professor Booth added a training course for teachers, and students were attracted to this school from all sections of northeast Georgia (p. 21). Cornelia Normal Institute was chartered on May 27, 1901. It was supported by many progressive citizens, including D.A. York, J.T. King, J.A. Walker, W.D. Burch, L.J. Ragsdale, J.T. Peyton, L.L. Lyon, J.W. Peyton, J.J. Kimsey, I.T. Sellers, J.C. McConnell, J.W. McConnell, A.J. Brown, R.C. Moss, T.S. Wells, John S. Crawford, George Erwin, and J.C. Edwards. In 1952, the schools in Habersham were consolidated. The elementary schools had been kept in each town but two high schools were built, one to serve each end of the county. Prior to 1952, Cornelia Public School served all the students residing in Cornelia. The high school curriculum included college preparatory and business classes, athletics for both males and females, music, and "expression" (speech classes). The school's first graduates were in the Class of 1899 and included Martin L. York, Charles Crunkleton, Calvania T. York, Albert N. McConnell, Wylie G. Light, and Ida K. Baugh.

German and Swiss immigrants used their wine-making skills to create an industry in the 1880s that flourished until a prohibition law stopped it. Cotton, timber and lumber products, and the apple and peach industries were also important to the success of the area. Riegel Textile built one of the region's first major industrial facilities in 1966 with what was then an ultra-modern, cutting edge textile mill designed by Bill Pittendreigh in the neighboring community of Alto. As with any city, there were a number of businesses, but hotels contributed greatly to the growth and development of the city in its early history.

The Big Red Apple[edit]

Big Red Apple

Cornelia's Big Red Apple, located at the old train depot in downtown, pays homage to the apple and apple growers of the county. Built of steel and concrete in 1925, the statue, according to Habersham County, weighs 5,200 pounds (2.4 t) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) high.

Towards the end of World War I, "extension agents" began to play a very important role in northeast Georgia. These people, as a group, supported the end of the one-crop (cotton) economy. Throughout the state they began to educate farmers in crop diversification so that if one crop failed income from other crops could support the family. In Gwinnett, Cherokee and Hall counties, farmers increased production of dairy products. The peach crop in Bartow County was expanded. In Habersham and Gilmer counties farmers increased production of apples and peaches.

The extension agents' push for this diversity seemed almost prescient, for in 1922 the boll weevil began the systematic destruction of cotton crops in the state of Georgia. By 1924 cotton output had dropped to 50% of earlier levels. In 1925 the people of Cornelia realized that the apple had been a key in preventing the scourge that destroyed other counties and drove rural families to cities like Atlanta and Macon. The concept for the statue was born, thanks in part to the newly formed Kiwanis Club.

At the dedication on June 4, 1926, many notables attended, including Senator Walter F. George. This, however, is not the end of the apple crop story. Because apple sales were off dramatically, in 1932 local farmers decided to put them in cold storage until the following spring, but the sales did not materialize, so the farmers were not only out the cost of raising the crop, they were also out the cost of storing the crop. By the summer of 1933, the apples that had saved the county less than 10 years earlier nearly destroyed it.

Through the years downtown Cornelia changed dramatically. As the railroad era passed the old depot was closed and boarded up, and the once central location was only a side street. A recent renovation has brought the depot back to life, and the quiet Big Red Apple is the focal point of a yearly festival[9] held the first week in October and a 5K road race held at the end of October.

Historical population
Census Pop.
1890 175
1900 467 166.9%
1910 1,114 138.5%
1920 1,274 14.4%
1930 1,542 21.0%
1940 1,808 17.3%
1950 2,424 34.1%
1960 2,936 21.1%
1970 3,014 2.7%
1980 3,203 6.3%
1990 3,219 0.5%
2000 3,674 14.1%
2010 4,160 13.2%
Est. 2015 4,223 [10] 1.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 4,160 people, 1,495 households, and 1,495 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,071.3 people per square mile (413.6/km²). There were 1,728 housing units at an average density of 469.7 per square mile (181.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.7% White, 5.7% African American, 0.9% Native American, 4.2% Asian (3.0% Laotian), 0.6% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.8% of the population (26.7% Mexican).

There were 1,016 households out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,111, and the median income for a family was $42,041. Males had a median income of $25,505 versus $20,404 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,701. About 8.8% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.

  1. ^ "Mayor and Commission". City of Cornelia. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  2. ^ "City Manager's Office". City of Cornelia. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  3. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cornelia city, Georgia". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  6. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  7. ^ "The Wofford Trail". The Cartersville News. July 1, 1909
  8. ^ "The Battle of the Narrows". The GAGenWeb Project.
  9. ^ "Big Red Apple". City of Cornellia. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
  10. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  11. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.

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Features of the Marvel Universe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Grand Nixon Island)
Jump to: navigation, search

The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.

Certain places feature prominently in the Marvel Universe, some real-life, others fictional and unique to the setting; fictional places may appear in conjunction with, or even within, real-world locales. A majority of dystopian cities have been used for their characters since the creation of Marvel Comics in the Marvel Universe.

New York City[edit]

Most of the action of Marvel Comics takes place in New York City.

New York is the site of many places important to superheroes:

New York is a center of industry, serving as the headquarters for a few Marvel companies:

Two universities are also especially prominent in the Marvel Universe:

  • Crossmore, originally known as Crossmoor, is a British prison/psychiatric facility for super-human criminals. It is Her (Britannic) Majesty's Ultimate Security Prison.
  • The Cube, a prison specifically designed for irradiated supervillains.
  • Kyln, a series of spherical containment units located by the universal barrier and maintained by interstellar races and various degrees of mechanical automation, its primary architect is unknown.
  • Lang Memorial Penitentiary, also known as the Big House, a prison where inmates are shrunken for easy storage, using technology developed by Henry Pym.
  • Negative Zone Prison Alpha, also known as Prison 42, a prison specifically designed for supervillains.
  • Vault, a prison for superhumans in Colorado.
  • Ravencroft Institute, an asylum for the criminally insane founded by Dr. Ashley Kafka.
  • "The Raft", a prison disguised as a floating trash barge off the New York coastline.

Other locations[edit]

  • Avengers Compound – the former headquarters of the West Coast Avengers.
  • Citrusville, Cypress County,[2] Florida is in the Everglades and appears most frequently in stories related to Man-Thing. Much of its importance lies in that it is physically near what is termed as the Nexus of All Realities. The town is depicted as very traditional and conservative.[3] However, it is also home to the Cult of Zhered-Na, its leader, Joshua Kale, and his grandchildren, Jennifer and Andy. The high school newspaper is called the Quill.
  • Avengers Hydro-Base – Hydro-Base is a floating seacraft disguised as a natural island floating off the coast of North America outside US territorial waters. Its first known user was the mad ecologist Dr. Herman Frayne (aka Doctor Hydro) who used it both as a laboratory and an airbase on which to land hijacked planes. Doctor Hydro planned to turn the planes' passengers into amphibious people, using Terrigen Mist he acquired from the renegade Inhuman Maelstrom.[4]
  • Caldecott – Fictional western Mississippi county and town where the X-Men's Rogue was born.
  • The Massachusetts Academy is a prep school founded in the 18th century in Snow Valley, in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts. The Academy is one of the oldest and most respected college preparatory schools in the United States. Administered by Emma Frost for most of its modern history, the Massachusetts Academy also had a long-standing alliance with the Hellfire Club. In addition to a large student body, the Academy also houses a clandestine school for young mutants. During her time as the Hellfire Club's White Queen, Frost trained a group known as the Hellions; the Hellions would become long-standing rivals with the New Mutants.
  • Salem Center – a hamlet in the town of North Salem, Westchester County, New York.
  • Graymalkin Industries is the undercover name for X-Men new headquarters in San Francisco following their departure from their former X-Mansion, destroyed during Messiah Complex. It is the base of operations and training site of the X-Men. It is located on the Marin Headlands just north of San Francisco, being built into the long-abandoned military bunkers that line the cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
  • Grand Nixon Island is an island owned by disgraced ex-U.S. Army general General Kreigkopf. The island itself contains Kreigkopf's military base surrounded by a vast jungle environment. The island features in The Punisher comic book series in issue #3 to issue #5. The former introduces General Kreigkopf and Grand Nixon Island.
  • Darkmoor is the location of both the Darkmoor Energy Research Centre (a high-tech, top secret government facility at which University student Brian Braddock is doing work experience) and a stone circle which was a centre of great mystical power. As the Captain Britain mythos expanded, it also played host to Darkmoor Prison and to the sinister Darkmoor Castle, home of the Black Baron.
  • The Fridge – S.H.I.E.L.D's most secure base. Home of the Slingshot Program and detainment area of most S.H.I.E.L.D prisoners. Contains the unstable element Gravitonium on a top secret level at the bottom. The Fridge was raided and taken over by HYDRA (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.).
  • HUB – S.H.I.E.L.D's main HQ. The HUB was once taken over by HYDRA. S.H.I.E.L.D retook the HUB with Agent Phil Coulson's team (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.).

Regions and countries[edit]

  • Atlantis – Atlantis was a small continent with many human settlements. Over 21,000 years ago, an event called the "Great Cataclysm" caused it to be submerged into the sea. The inhabitants of ancient Atlantis built an enormous glass-like dome over the capital city, also known as Atlantis. When barbarians sent by the Deviant Lemuria empire attacked Atlantis, King Kamuu opened the magma-pits which were the city's means of heating. This caused the continent to sink.[5] Kamuu was warned of the Great Cataclysm by the seer, Zhered-Na. When she refused to recant, he had her exiled to the mainland, where she was later stabbed to death by survivors of the submersion.[6][7]
  • Attilan (also called The Hidden Land) – Home of the Inhumans. Originally an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, it has moved several times, including to the Andes, Himalayas, to the Blue Area on the Moon, the homeworld of the alien Kree, Hala. More recently Attilan was destroyed during the events of Infinity by Black Bolt when he detonates the Terrigen Bomb, the remains of Attilan now reside within New York, in the Hudson Estuary.
  • Deviant Lemuria – Undersea home of the Deviants located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
  • Dynamo City – An interstellar city and space port for dynamism controlled by a Municipal government.
  • Genosha – Island dwarf-nation off the coast of Africa, north of Madagascar; an apartheid-like state where mutants were once enslaved.
  • Imaya – Fictional country located in North Africa.
  • Kamar-Taj – A small kingdom in the Himalayas.
  • Krakoa – Living island in the South Pacific.
  • K'un-Lun – K'un-Lun is a mystical city that only appears periodically on the earthly plane. The father of Daniel Rand, the boy who would become Iron Fist, discovered K'un-Lun. It was there that Danny gained his powers and became the Iron Fist.[8] Its most prominent inhabitants are Master Khan, Yu-Ti, and Lei Kung. The usual means of access to this dimension is through magic.
  • Latveria – Country in Europe ruled by Doctor Doom.
  • Lemuria – Lemuria had been a small continent and group of islands in the Pacific Ocean 21,000 years ago, which was ruled by the Deviants. Lemuria became the center of the Deviant Empire, and the only remaining free land was Atlantis, the continent that held its greatest enemy, the Atlantean Empire. When the Deviants attacked Atlantis, the Atlantean King Kamuu opened the magma-pits which were the city's means of heating. This caused a chain reaction which collapsed and sank the continent. At that same time, when the Second Host of the Celestials came to Earth, the Deviants attacked them. In retaliation, the Celestials sank Lemuria in what is now known as the "Great Cataclysm."[volume & issue needed] The Eternal Ikaris guided a ship of humans to safety.
  • Madripoor – City, modeled after Singapore, to which Wolverine has connections.
  • Monster Isle – Island where Monsters rule.
  • Muir Island – Island off the north west coast of Scotland, containing Moira MacTaggert's mutant research lab. Muir Island's significance stems from the fact that it is the home of Earth's largest and most comprehensive mutant research complex, located to the north of Scotland, founded by Dr. Moira MacTaggert. Originally, she created the facility to help her son, Kevin (a.k.a. Proteus), an extremely powerful and destructive mutant.
  • Nova Roma – Home of Magma in Brazil. Ancient Rome-like city.
  • Olympia – Mountain city of the Eternals, located on Mount Olympus in Greece.
  • Project: PEGASUS – Project Pegasus (Potential Energy Group/Alternate Sources/United States) is both a scientific base which has been the location of a variety of stories for superheroes and supervillains, most notably in the title Marvel Two-in-One. Created in Marvel Two-in-One #42 (August 1978) by writer Ralph Macchio, Project: Pegasus was originally intended to research alternative (and unusual) forms of energy, but has also been used as a prison for super-powered individuals. The location of this facility is described as being in the Adirondack Mountains in New York State.
  • Providence was an artificial island made of parts from Cable's old space station, Graymalkin, located in the South Pacific Ocean, southwest of Hawaii. Providence was intended to be a place where the best minds on Earth could gather, live, and find new ways of doing everything in hopes of giving the world a peaceful future. Providence was open to all who wish to immigrate there, though all residents must undergo various psychological and skills tests. Providence would later self-destructed, by Cable himself, to keep the future evidence of the messiah child's birth away from the Marauders.
  • Savage Land – Place with tropical climates and prehistoric animals located in the heart of Antarctica.
  • Subterranea
  • Slorenia – An eastern Slavic nation.
  • Symkaria – Country in Europe adjoining Latveria, home of Silver Sable
  • Transia – Birthplace of Spider-Woman, Quicksilver, and the Scarlet Witch. One location is Mount Wundagore, a mountain with strong ties to the history of Chthon and the Darkhold In the Sixth Century, a cult of Darkholders led by the sorceress Morgan le Fey attempted to summon Chthon but found him to be uncontrollable. While the Darkholders were incapable of banishing him altogether, they bound him to Mount Wundagore, in what would one day become Transia.[9]
  • Vorozheika – A country to the northeast of Chechnya, formerly part of the USSR and now ruled by the Eternal Druig.
  • Wakanda – An African nation ruled by T'Challa, the current Black Panther.

Outer space[edit]

Alien races[edit]

Satellites and planetoids[edit]

  • Asteroid M – secret base of Magneto
  • Blue Area of the Moon – An artificial, self-sustaining, Earth-like environment on the far side of the Moon, the Blue Area was created roughly one million years ago as part of a competition between two alien races, the Kree and the Cotati. The Skrulls, then a benevolent race, moderated this contest, whose goal was to determine the worthiness of both races by discovering which could achieve more within a set period of time. After being taken to the area of Earth's Moon where the Skrulls had created the artificial atmosphere, the Kree used their strength and rudimentary Skrull technology to create a giant city while the Cotati were taken to another barren world in a different solar system where they created a long-term sustainable ecosystem. Learning that the Cotati were going to win the contest, the enraged Kree first slaughtered the Cotati and then attacked and killed the Skrull delegation, stole their starship, and initiated the millennia-long conflict now known as the Kree-Skrull War, which would force the Skrulls to become a society of warriors.[10]
  • Birj – sixth moon of Marman (see above) and where Terrax is from.
  • Titan – main moon of Saturn and technologically advanced home to the Titan Eternals.
  • Taa II – a space station of Galactus.

Extradimensional places[edit]

  • Asgard – home planet of the Norse gods.
    • Hyboria – a southern region of Asgard.
  • Avalon – Also known as Otherworld. Home of Merlyn, Roma, and the Captain Britain Corps; and location of Camelot, the Green Chapel, and the Starlight Citadel. Based on the mythical "Avalon".
  • Beyond-Realm
  • Heliopolis is a celestial city in a dimension adjacent to Earth's, founded by the gods who were once worshipped in Egypt. This godly realm appears to be built upon a small planetary object much like the realm of Asgard, and its passage to earth is a golden bridge through space called the Path of the Gods.[11]
  • Limbo – Associated with Immortus and Rom the Spaceknight, not to be confused with Otherplace.
  • Microverse – Microverses are dimensions formerly defined as any universe only accessible through vibrational attunement (shrinking).[citation needed] The belief that these worlds exist "within" atoms may have given rise to the stock phrase "There are worlds within worlds". It is not actually the microverses that are microscopic in size but rather the nexuses which make them accessible. It is thus theoretically possible to enter the same microverse from different points on Earth. The volume of these microverses are contained within spacewalls which can only be breached at certain points. It is these breaches that create accessible portals. The microverse makes an appearance in the 2015 film Ant-Man, called the "Quantum Realm" by Hank Pym.
    • Micronaut homeworld – a chain of connected worldlets, resembling a ball-and-stick molecular model.
  • Mojoverse – dimension of spineless aliens
    • Subatomic universe
  • Negative Zone – a universe made of anti-matter that is contracting instead of expanding.
  • Nexus of All Realities – located in the Florida Everglades (name also refers to a Cosmic Artifact, M'Kraan Crystal).
  • Olympus – home planet of superhuman beings analogous to the Greek gods.
  • Otherplace, also called the Demonic Limbo, is home to demons of various sizes, strengths, and intellects.
  • Therea is a mystic extra-dimensional realm where benevolent gods dwell who appear in the form of dogs to human eyes. It is an Earth-like land of peace and tranquility, and is the counterpart to Thog's realm of Sominus. Therea is ruled by twin gods, Zokk and Maftra. Zokk and Maftra are worshipped by the barbarian Korrek and his people, and even revered by Dakimh the Enchanter.
  • The White Hot Room is a quasi-mystical place that holds the essences of Phoenix hosts. In-between her frequent resurrections, this is apparently where the soul of Jean Grey finds herself. It also appears to be where the Phoenix Force itself goes when it is killed, and how it always flares back to life (hence its name). The essences trapped in the White Hot Room don't seem to notice the passage of time, yet are able to see events occurring in the normal universe. Jean Grey has shown the ability to "project" herself to the X-Men on at least two occasions, although it's unknown if this ability is a function of the Phoenix Force or the White Hot Room itself.

Government agencies[edit]

  • Aladdin – In the Ultraverse setting, Aladdin was a U.S. government agency apparently founded sometime in the 1960s to deal with the growing number of Ultras (super-powered beings) in their world. In 1970, their scientific division, using a synthesis of organic brain tissue and computer systems called G.E.N.I.E. (Genetically Engineered Neural Intelligence Experiment), was examining alien technology and corpses discovered by U.S. soldiers during the Vietnam War, when some unknown event caused the corpses to release a cloud of material which caused G.E.N.I.E. to develop sentience and grow into a true fusion of organic and mechanical technology.
  • Aladdin Assault Squad – In the Malibu Ultraverse, the Aladdin Assault Squad was a special department within the government agency known as Aladdin. The Aladdin Assault Squad was created in response to the growing number of Ultras (superhumans). The A.A.S. operated out of Aladdin's Groom Lake facility, and functioned as an independent internal security force. They also assisted ongoing Ultra research. Known members of the Aladdin Assault Squad are: Dirt Devil, Foxfire, the Grip, Hardwire, Headknocker, and War Eagle.[12]
  • A.R.M.O.R.
  • Black Air
  • The Commission on Superhuman Activities (also known as the Commission on Superhuman Affairs or CSA for short) is a government agency created by the President of the United States of America. It is a very special appointed task force, which has been requested to supervise the American citizens possessing superhuman powers and coordinate government projects aimed at creating government controlled superhumans. They have an office in Washington, D.C. A number of members of the Commission when created were involved with various government projects regarding superhumans: Project Wideawake, former and current Avengers liaisons, Freedom Force liaison and super soldier projects.
  • Department H – A fictitious branch of Canada's Department of National Defence that deals with super-powered persons. Department H was responsible for bringing together and managing the Marvel Comics team known as Alpha Flight and its related teams Beta Flight, Gamma Flight, and Omega Flight.[13] It was mentioned in the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episode "End of the Beginning" and the films X2: X-Men United and Captain America: The Winter Soldier.
  • Department K – The Canadian government group which secretly operated the Weapon X Project.[14]
  • Euromind – Another European subdivision of S.H.I.E.L.D., called Euromind, was introduced in the Marvel Italia series Europa.[15]
  • F.I.6 – British Intelligence agency, former employers of Micromax. Led by Brigadier Theodore 'Inky' Blott. Employed psychics. Disbanded after most agents, including Blott, were killed by Necrom. Introduced in Excalibur and created by Alan Davis.[16]
  • G.R.A.M.P.A. – The covert organization known as G.R.A.M.P.A., the Global Reaction Agency for Mysterious Paranormal Activity, debuted in Amazing Fantasy vol. 2 #15. G.R.A.M.P.A.'s most prominent field operatives are Ace and One-Eyed Jacquie; the two agents refer to themselves collectively as "Blackjack". G.R.A.M.P.A. is tasked with protecting the world from paranormal threats.[17]
  • H.A.M.M.E.R.
  • H.A.T.E. – H.A.T.E., the Highest Anti-Terrorism Effort, better known by its acronym, is one of two antagonistic organizations in Nextwave: Agents of H.A.T.E. H.A.T.E. and its leader, Dirk Anger, are parodies of Marvel's S.H.I.E.L.D. and Nick Fury. H.A.T.E. is a government agency that is funded by the Beyond Corporation, a company that was formerly a terrorist cell called S.I.L.E.N.T. (the acronym has not been explained yet).
  • The Lodge – Created by Basil Wentworth towards the end of World War II, the Lodge's purpose was to prepare for the Cold War that was destined to come about. The Lodge started covert operations in China, the Soviet Union, and East Germany, and has continued its "dirty tricks" into the present day.
  • MI-13
  • Mutant Response Division – The Mutant Response Division is a mutant-hunting group that is also called the M.R.D. for short. Seen in the Wolverine and the X-Men cartoon.
  • Office of National Emergency – The Office of National Emergency, commonly referred to as O*N*E, is known as the originator of the Sentinel squads that were assigned to protect/observe the X-Men and the remaining mutants after the event known as M-Day, which reduced the number of mutants on Earth to only a few hundred.[18]
  • Project Pegasus – Project Pegasus is an organization that was originally intended to research alternative (and unusual) forms of energy. It has also been used as a prison for super-powered individuals, prior to the creation of The Vault.[19]
  • Project: WIDEAWAKE – Project: Wideawake is a government program with the purpose of detecting and capturing mutants, which employs the robots known as Sentinels.[20][21]
  • R.C.X. – The Resources Control Executive is a British intelligence agency, introduced in Captain Britain as a replacement to S.T.R.I.K.E. and created by Jamie Delano and Alan Davis. The British intelligence agency for the investigation of paranormal and superhuman activity known as S.T.R.I.K.E. was infiltrated by a criminal organization and nearly all of its members were killed. A weakened S.T.R.I.K.E., unable to deal with the consequences of the Jaspers' Warp, was subsequently disbanded, and the Resources Control Executive (R.C.X.) was created to take its place. The members of the R.C.X. use codenames based on biblical figures to hide their true identity.[22]
  • S.A.F.E. – Introduced in Marvel's line of novels in the mid-1990s, S.A.F.E. (Strategic Action For Emergencies) is the United States' answer to S.H.I.E.L.D. They first appeared in Spider-Man & the Incredible Hulk: Rampage (Doom's Day Book 1), and may not be part of comics canon. Whereas S.H.I.E.L.D. is a UN-funded and run organization dealing with international incidents, S.A.F.E. is tasked with similar duties inside of America's borders. It is run by Colonel Sean Morgan and a prominently featured agent is Joshua Ballard, who, among other things, survived an encounter with Doctor Doom and later Baron Zemo.[23]
  • S.H.I.E.L.D.
  • S.T.A.R.S. – The Commission on Superhuman Activities, created a special division of the federal government's U.S. Marshals called S.T.A.R.S., the Superhuman Tactical Activities Response Squad. A federal organization authorized to monitor and manage all activities regarding the supervision, apprehension, and detention of superhuman criminals in the United States. The group's leader was John Walker the U.S. Agent. S.T.A.R.S. uncovered a Ruul plot to use Earth as a penal colony for alien criminals. U.S. Agent and S.T.A.R.S. were ultimately responsible for exposing and defeating the Ruul.[24]
  • S.T.A.K.E. - Special Threat Assessment for Known Extranormalities.
  • S.T.R.I.K.E.
  • Superhuman Restraint Unit
  • S.W.O.R.D.
  • Ultimate S.H.I.E.L.D.
  • W.A.N.D. – Wizardry Alchemy Necromancy Department, the magical division of S.H.I.E.L.D. Introduced in the Marvel NOW! relaunch of Thunderbolts.[25]
  • Weapon X
  • W.H.O. – The Weird Happenings Organization was mandated by the UK government with the investigation into and research of supernatural and paranormal phenomena until it was replaced by Black Air. It was featured in Excalibur.

Criminal organizations[edit]

  • Advanced Idea Mechanics – Advanced Idea Mechanics first appeared in Strange Tales #146. A.I.M. is a conglomeration of brilliant scientists and their hirelings dedicated to the acquisition of power and the overthrow of all governments by technological means. A.I.M. was organized late in World War II by Baron Wolfgang von Strucker to develop advanced weaponry for his subversive organization HYDRA. They were close to developing and attaining nuclear weapons when HYDRA Island was invaded by American and Japanese troops. Although HYDRA suffered a major setback, it survived and grew in secret over the following decades.[26]
  • Beyond Corporation – What is now the Beyond Corporation was once a high-tech terrorist cell known as S.I.L.E.N.T. which legitimized itself as the Beyond Corporation, yet did not abandon their ulterior motive—the location, activation, distribution, and testing of various Unusual Weapons of Mass Destruction at various points throughout the United States of America. Also, through "faith-based bidding", the Beyond Corporation became the sole financial backer of the H.A.T.E. (Highest Anti-Terrorism Effort), providing them with extremely advanced technology.[27]
  • Black Spectre – Jerome Beechman the Mandrill created Black Spectre by organizing his female followers, who disguised themselves as men using bulky armor. Beecham planned to use Black Spectre to confuse America through terrorism and racism, instilling chaos in the world and intending to rule it after anarchy ensued.[28]
  • Brotherhood of Mutants – The Brotherhood of Mutants, originally known as the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants and briefly as the Brotherhood, is a Marvel Comics supervillain team devoted to mutant superiority over normal humans. They are adversaries of the X-Men. The original Brotherhood was created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and first appeared in X-Men #4 (March 1964).
  • Friends of Humanity – The Friends of Humanity is a hate group started by Graydon Creed, a man infamous for his bigotry against mutants. Groups inspired by or splintered from the Friends of Humanity include the survivalist Humanity's Last Stand and the religious fundamentalist Church of Humanity.[29]
  • Gene Nation – On the anniversary of the Mutant Massacre, a horrific event in which Mr. Sinister's henchmen the Marauders killed many Morlocks, the members of the terrorist group known as Gene Nation reappeared in the main universe (Earth-616). Their mission was to destroy one human for every Morlock life that was lost.
  • The Hand – The Hand is a cult of evil, mystical ninjas who are heavily involved in organized crime and mercenary activities such as assassination plots. The Hand covets power above all other objectives. They are primarily based in Japan, but operate internationally. They were founded in the 16th century, and soon became servants of the primordial demon known only as the Beast.
  • Hellfire Club – Although the club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites, its Inner Circle consists of mutants who try to influence world events for the accumulation of power. They dress in 18th century garb and rank themselves in a system of chess pieces (Black Rook, White Queen, etc.). The group first battled the X-Men in the classic "The Dark Phoenix Saga" and the club, or branches of it, have since appeared periodically in various X-Men series. The club is based on the actual Hellfire Club, a secret society of 18th century England.
  • Humanity's Last Stand – Humanity's Last Stand is a radical anti-mutant hate group and enemies of the X-Men. In the group's first appearance they were behind the creation of a false Mutant Liberation Front, formed by human members of H.L.S. posing as mutants through the use of mutagenic drugs and or technologically enhanced suits, in order to mimic mutant powers.[30]
  • HYDRA – The fictional terrorist organization first appeared in Strange Tales #135. In its original continuity, it was headed by nondescript businessman Arnold Brown, who was killed as S.H.I.E.L.D. apparently crushed the organization. It soon returned, however, headed by Baron Wolfgang von Strucker, under the aegis of the Nazi Red Skull; HYDRA's changing origin was one of the earliest Marvel retcons. After its initial defeat, several of its branches surfaced, appearing to be unrelated and independent. HYDRA's scientific branch was initially A.I.M. (Advanced Idea Mechanics), which later split off into its own organization. Other factions included THEM and the Secret Empire.
  • Maggia – The Maggia is an international crime syndicate, somewhat similar to the Mafia, but the Maggia differs in that it frequently hires supervillains and mad scientists to work for them. Count Nefaria and his daughter Madame Masque have both been leaders of an important Maggia family.[31]
  • Maelstrom's Minions – Maelstrom's Minions are a trio of supervillains that work for Maelstrom. They are Gronk, Helio, and Phobius.[32]
  • Mys-Tech – The board of Mys-Tech, a multinational corporation, were originally seven mages who in 987 sold their souls to the demon Mephisto in exchange for immortality. The Mys-Tech board members must provide a steady stream of souls to the demon otherwise they will breach their contract and forfeit their own souls. Over the years the board accumulated power and wealth and in the modern age this power and wealth became a business empire.[33]
  • National Force – The National Force is a neo-fascist organization founded by Doctor Faustus. Faustus had recently captured William Burnside the fourth Captain America and his partner Jack Monroe, both heroes from the 1950s frozen in suspended animation. Faustus took control of the mind of the replacement Captain America in an attempt to use him against Steve Rogers, the original Captain America, and later turned him into the Grand Director.[34]
  • Purifiers – The Purifiers, also known as the "Stryker Crusade", are a paramilitary group of Christian terrorists led by Reverend William Stryker. The group debuted in the X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills graphic novel. The Purifiers see themselves in a holy war against mutants, believing them to be the children of the Devil and thus deserving of extermination.[35]
  • Roxxon – Roxxon Oil is a massive petroleum corporation notorious for its determination to make massive profits regardless of any laws or moral principles, often employing superhuman criminals in order to achieve their goals.[36]
  • Secret Empire – The subversive organization known as the Secret Empire has followed a number of different leaders, always known as "Number One". The Secret Empire began as a subsidiary of HYDRA, which provided it with financial support. The Secret Empire served to distract the attention of authorities such as S.H.I.E.L.D. from HYDRA's activities, although the original Number One sought to break away from HYDRA.[37]
  • Serpent Society – The Serpent Society an organization of snake-themed terrorists in the Marvel Comics universe. The group was initially formed from the membership of a previous supervillain team, the Serpent Squad. The group, like its predecessor, has been made up of longtime antagonists of Captain America and his fellow Avengers. The Serpent Society was the brainchild of Seth Voelker (Sidewinder), and is a descendant of sorts from the original Serpent Squads.
  • Sons of the Serpent – The Sons of the Serpent are a subversive organization of costumed American racist super-patriots who oppose all racial, ethnic, and religious minorities. They sought to subvert America through hate crimes and organized protests, and were opposed by the Avengers and the Defenders.[38]
  • THEM – THEM through its founder Baron Strucker is the managing power of a supraorganization which includes HYDRA, A.I.M., and the Secret Empire. THEM was founded by Nazi war criminal Baron Strucker after World War II. Later Strucker appointed a businessman named Arnold Brown to the position of Supreme Hydra; Hydra's highly visible operations served as a front for THEM.[39][40]
  • U.L.T.I.M.A.T.U.M. – The Underground Liberated Totally Integrated Mobile Army To Unite Mankind is a fictional terrorist organization in the Marvel Comics universe. It was founded by the Flag-Smasher in his attempts to destroy nationalism.[41] Most notably, they have been engaged in a feud with Deadpool ever since he slaughtered many of them aboard their own helicarrier, downed it (dooming the remaining),[42] and confronted them (led by a new Flag-Smasher) in a final revenge showdown on a Kansas farm, where Deadpool slaughtered every single one of them (presumably ending them for good).[43]
  • Zodiac Cartel – The original Zodiac group debuted in the title the Avengers[44] and is established as a criminal organization founded and funded by member Cornelius Van Lunt (who adopts the identity of Taurus). The group's identity is based on the zodiac from the discipline astrology, with each member adopting the persona of a sign of the zodiac, being twelve in all. The group members share leadership of the organization, with the position rotating just as the astrological zodiac changes.

  • Black Knight's Atomic Steed – The Black Knight sometimes employs one of the "Atomic Steeds" built by the Knights of Wundagore, engineered by the High Evolutionary.
  • Blackbird – The Blackbird is the X-Men's primary aircraft.
  • Fantastic Four's Pogo Plane – The Pogo-Plane, so-called because of its tail-down landing/take-off attitude, was the first significant air-breathing engine design of Reed Richards. Employing new turbine blade configurations and a new titanium-alloy process, Richards increased overall engine performance to a very high thrust-to-weight ratio. It's loosely based on the never mass-produced Convair XFY Pogo.
  • Fantasti-Car – Various flying hovercraft used by the Fantastic Four, most versions are able to split into four smaller vehicles.
  • Freedom's Lady – The Guardians of the Galaxy operate from the Starship Freedom's Lady, a medium-weight, 700-foot (210 m) Annihilator-class battleship of 30th century Earth design. Trans-light power is furnished by inter-reacting tachyon and anti-tachyon beams. Fully equipped for deep-space and inter-galactic excursion, it carried a full complement of offensive weapons as well as an impenetrable energy barrier, divided into 14 overlapping segments.
  • Green Goblin's Goblin Glider – a metal bat-shaped glider that Green Goblin uses to travel around the skies.
  • Kang's Time-ShipKang the Conqueror's time-ship is a 20-foot (6.1 m) long, non-aerodynamic, space-worthy vehicle, and is mostly a housing for the large energy-generating devices that power the time machine. The time machine itself is a device whose major timestream-bridging components are the size of a two-drawer file cabinet. It utilizes energy to generate a chronal-displacement internal field, enabling a being or object to break through the "reality walls" of the timestream into the trans-temporal realm of Limbo, from which all time eras and alternate worlds are accessible.
  • The Leapfrog – The Leapfrog is the method of transportation for the Runaways.
  • Quinjet – Used primarily by the Avengers, the quinjet first appeared in The Avengers #61 (February 1969).
  • Hawkeye's Sky BikeHawkeye sometimes travels about in a custom-built sky bike (also called a sky-cycle or skymobile), designed and built at Cross Technological Enterprises. It is voice-operated and requires no hands to steer. The sky bike first appeared in Hawkeye #1 (September 1983). It was also featured in the Iron Man animated series. Hawkeye also uses the bike in the animated series The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes.
  • Hellcycle – Ghost Rider's flaming motorcycle. The vehicle is created by the Ghost Rider's own mystical hellfire being imbued in an otherwise normal motorcycle, usually the property of the Ghost Rider's host at the time.
  • Moon Knight's Helicopter – Moon Knight's copter is a VTOL vehicle capable of precision, computer-assisted maneuvering for air-land-and-sea rescues, tracking automobiles through traffic, and many other purposes. Moon Knight is in constant contact with the copter, piloted by Frenchie (but also with a sophisticated, computer-aided auto-pilot), at all times via a miniature transceiver with a microphone in his cowl. The on-board computer performs navigation functions, remote sensor image-enhancement, and radar interpretation. Moon Knight has had at least two different designs of copter. One resembled a conventional helicopter with a crescent moon tail. The second actually resembled an airship more than a helicopter, but was also crescent shaped.
  • Punisher's Battle Van – The Battle Van was used by the Punisher as his primary mode of transportation. It is customized with a various array of weaponry and armor, and serves as a mobile armory.
  • S.H.I.E.L.D. Flying Car – The flying car is a S.H.I.E.L.D. personal vehicle that looks like a car but can fly. It made appearances in Spider-Man and his Amazing Friends and Spider-Man: The Animated Series. In Captain America: The First Avenger, Howard Stark unveils a flying car at Stark Expo. A flying car appears in the possession of Phil Coulson in the TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..
  • S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier
  • Shockwave Rider - The superhero team Nextwave steals the Shockwave Rider, its base of operations, from H.A.T.E., a compromised anti-terrorist organization. The Shockwave Rider is powered by a Zero-Point Squirt Drive, giving it a nearly unlimited fuel supply. The Rider contains 5 tesseract zones, allowing it to be spacious on the inside while keeping it compact on the outside. To deploy in the field, the team dives through a pool of an orange membrane to exit via the underside of the ship. It was destroyed in Nextwave's final battle with the Beyond Corporation.
  • Ship – Apocalypse's gigantic, self-aware AI ship which was simply known as "Ship". It is hinted to have been built by the Celestials. It made several appearances in the comics as well as the 1990s X-Men cartoon series.
  • Skuttlebutt – Korbinite-designed sentient starship, vehicle of and companion to Beta Ray Bill[45]
  • Spider-Mobile

Some items have been created specifically for the Marvel Universe and carry immense powers:

Mystical artifacts[edit]

  • Book of the Vishanti is a grimoire most closely associated with Doctor Strange.[1] It is the greatest known source of "white" magical knowledge on the Earth of the Marvel Universe dimension.
  • The Casket of Ancient Winters – An Asgardian relic and the greatest weapon of Malekith the Accursed. When opened, it can reproduce the infinite icy cold of Niflheim. Later entrusted to the care of Edwin Jarvis, butler to the Avengers, by Thor. Causes its holder to grow younger gradually.
  • The Cloak of Levitation is a potent mystical item worn by Doctor Strange. It has the primary purpose of granting its wearer levitation. The greatest advantage of this is that its wearer need know little about the mystic arts in order to operate it, nor must the wearer use any of his "mystical strength" in order to operate it.
  • The Darkhold – A collection of iron-bound scrolls containing the collected magical knowledge of Chthon, the first practitioner of dark magics.
  • Dragonfang – an enchanted sword said to be carved by the wizard Kahji-Da from a tooth of an extra-dimensional dragon.
  • The Evil Eye of Avalon – a power object that was intended to be a weapon against the Fomor. It can manipulate and disintegrate matter, project blasts of concussive force, laser-like and disintegrating rays, and create or destroy force fields. It also possesses dimensional- and time- travel powers. The Evil Eye first appeared in Fantastic Four #54 (Sep 1966) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.
  • The Eye of Agamotto, worn by Doctor Strange.
  • The Orb of Agamotto
  • Mjolnir, the Hammer of Thor.
  • The Serpent Crown – Created by the demon Set, it links the wearer to its creator, providing various physical and mental powers.
  • The Siege Perilous is the name of two fictional devices appearing in books published by Marvel Comics. The first appeared in books starring Captain Britain, and the second in books featuring the X-Men. Both devices were created by writer Chris Claremont, who named it after the Siege Perilous, the empty chair at the round table of King Arthur.
  • The Wand of Watoomb is an artifact controlled by the thoughts of the wielder, and can used to project and absorb mystical energy; create forcefields; control weather; open dimensional portals; observe events in other locations and heal wounds. Used thousands of years before the modern era by priestess of the god Yog against the barbarian Conan, it is sought out by Xandu in modern times to destroy Doctor Strange. The Wand first appears in The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #2 (December 1965) and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko.

Cosmic artifacts[edit]

  • The Cosmic Cube
  • The Cosmic Egg
  • The Phoenix Egg – Every time it is destroyed, the Phoenix Force is always reborn within a cosmic egg. This process has happened several times in the past.[46]
  • Infinity Gems/Infinity Gauntlet – Six gems that grant their owner supreme power over six different aspects of existence: Mind, Power, Soul, Time, Space, and Reality. They can be combined in the Gauntlet. A seventh gem was discovered in another dimension. This gem, called the Ego gem, contained the essence of the entity Nemesis, whose self-destruction created the gems.
  • M'Kraan Crystal – The "nexus of realities" (unknown if it is connected to the "Nexus of Realities" located in the Florida Everglades). By entering the crystal, the user can enter any universe they wish. The protector of the crystal is singular in all universes, with the same memories in each, which suggests that the reality immediately surrounding the crystal is anchored in place.
  • Quantum bands, used by Quasar and temporarily used by Silver Surfer to wield cosmic energy.
  • The Silver Surfer's surfboard, (his source of power in the movie) which he is mentally linked to. When destroyed, the Surfer can recreate another at will.
  • The Ultimate Nullifier

Other artifacts[edit]

Elemental substances and minerals[edit]

  • Adamantium, a virtually indestructible metal alloy which is best known for being integrated into the skeleton and claws of Wolverine and was created in an attempt to duplicate the Vibranium-steel alloy of Captain America's shield.
  • Carbonadium
  • Promethium, a magical metal found only in Belasco's dimension, known as Otherplace.
  • Tritonium, an unstable radioactive mineral.
  • Vibranium, a metal which comes in two forms; one variety (Wakandan) absorbs vibratory and kinetic energy, while the other (Antarctic) causes all nearby metals to melt. Vibranium is a component of Captain America's shield alloy.
  • Uru, the Asgardian metal of which Thor's hammer is made.
  • Scabrite, a god-like metal which can only be found in the mines of Surtur's realm. Surtur possesses the giant sword Twilight, also known as the Sword of Doom, composed of Scabrite. The sword is magical, capable of manipulating vast amounts of mystical energy.
  • Gravitonium, a fictitious element on the periodic table. This substance can control gravity fields (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. television series).
  • Yaka, a sound-sensitive metal found on Centauri IV
  • Plandanium, a metal used by the Spaceknights of Galador to make their armor

  • Goblin Serum (Oz Formula) – The chemical formula that gave Green Goblin his powers.
  • Growth Pills – Capsules containing the size altering Pym Particles that allow Giant Man, Ant-Man, and the Wasp to change their size.
  • Extremis – A techno-organic virus created in an attempt to recreate the Super-Soldier Serum that gave Captain America his powers.
  • Red Skull's Dust of Death – A red powder which kills a victim within seconds of skin contact. The powder causes the skin of the victim's head to shrivel, tighten, and take on a red discoloration, while causing the hair to fall out. Hence the victim's head resembles a "red skull".
  • Super Soldier Serum – An experimental military drug that enhances physical abilities and gave several superheroes their powers, most notably Captain America.
  • Terrigen Mists – A mutagenic catalyst discovered and used by the Inhumans that can grant superpowers, but leaves many subjects with deformities and amnesia.

See also[edit]

  1. ^ a b Sanderson, Peter (2007). The Marvel Comics Guide to New York City. New York City: Pocket Books. pp. 30–33. ISBN 1-4165-3141-6.
  2. ^ Man-Thing (vol.2) #6
  3. ^ Man-Thing vol. 1 #17-18.
  4. ^ Sub-Mariner #61
  5. ^ The Sub-Mariner #62, "Tales of Atlantis" backup story. Written by Steve Gerber and Howard Chaykin.
  6. ^ Fear #15
  7. ^ Marvel Spotlight #17
  8. ^ Marvel Premiere #15 (May 1974)
  9. ^ Avengers #187
  10. ^ Avengers vol.1, #133 (March 1975)
  11. ^ "Heliopolis". Marvel Directory. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  12. ^ Break-Thru #1 (December 1993)
  13. ^ "Department H". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  14. ^ "Department K" at Marvel.com
  15. ^ "Euroforce" at Marvel.com
  16. ^ "Micromax" at Marvel.com
  17. ^ Amazing Fantasy vol. 2 #15 (November 2004)
  18. ^ Decimation: House of M — The Day After (January 2006)
  19. ^ Marvel Two-In-One #42, August, 1978
  20. ^ Uncanny X-Men #142
  21. ^ New Mutants Vol.1 #2
  22. ^ First appeared in Captain Britain vol. 2 #1 (January 1985)
  23. ^ First appeared in the paperback novel Spider-Man and the Incredible Hulk: Rampage (September 1996)
  24. ^ "S.T.A.R.S." at Marvel.com
  25. ^ Beard, Jim (7 November 2013). "TUESDAY Q&A: THUNDERBOLTS ANNUAL". Marvel.com. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  26. ^ Strange Tales #146 (July 1966)
  27. ^ Nextwave: Agents of H.A.T.E. #1 (March 2006)
  28. ^ Daredevil #108 (March 1974)
  29. ^ Uncanny X-Men #299 (April 1993)
  30. ^ Uncanny X-Men Annual #19 (November 1995)
  31. ^ Avengers #13 (February 1965)
  32. ^ Rovin, Jeff (1987). The encyclopedia of super villains. Facts on File Publications. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-8160-1356-2.
  33. ^ Warheads #1 (June 1992)
  34. ^ Captain America vol. 1 #232 (April 1979)
  35. ^ X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills (1982)
  36. ^ Captain America #180 (December 1974)
  37. ^ Strange Tales #149 (October 1966)
  38. ^ Avengers vol. 1 #32 (September 1966)
  39. ^ Strange Tales #135 (August 1965)
  40. ^ "Hydra". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  41. ^ Captain America #321 (September 1986)
  42. ^ Deadpool (2012) #23
  43. ^ Deadpool (2012) #45
  44. ^ Avengers #72 (January 1970)
  45. ^ Thor #337
  46. ^ New X-Men #150

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