text:
Mexico–United States relations explained

Mission1:Embassy of Mexico, Washington, D.C.
Mission2:Embassy of the United States, Mexico City
Envoy1:Ambassador Gerónimo Gutiérrez
Envoy2:Ambassador Roberta S. Jacobson

Mexico–United States relations refers to the foreign relations between the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) and the United States of America. The two countries share a maritime and land border in North America. Several treaties have been concluded between the two nations bilaterally, such as the Gadsden Purchase, and multilaterally, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement. Both are members of various international organizations, including the Organization of American States and the United Nations.

Since the late nineteenth century during the regime of President Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911), the two countries have had close diplomatic and economic ties. During Díaz's long presidency, Mexico was opened to foreign investment and U.S. entrepreneurs invested in ranching and agricultural enterprises and mining. The U.S. played an important role in the course of the Mexican Revolution (1910–20) with direct actions of the U.S. government in supporting or repudiating support of revolutionary factions.

The long border between the two countries means that peace and security in that region is important to the U.S.'s national security and international trade. The U.S. is Mexico's biggest trading partner and Mexico is the U.S.'s third largest trading partners. In 2010, Mexico's exports totaled US$309.6 billion, and almost three quarters of those purchases were made by the United States.[1] They are also closely connected demographically, with over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico being the largest source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration and illegal trade in drugs and in fire arms have been causes of differences between the two governments but also of cooperation.

While condemning the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and providing considerable relief aid to the U.S. after Hurricane Katrina, the Mexican government, pursuing neutrality in international affairs, opted not to actively join the controversial War on Terror and the even more controversial Iraq War, instead being the first nation in history to formally and voluntarily leave the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance in 2002,[2] though Mexico later joined the U.S. in supporting military intervention in the Libyan Civil War.[3]

According to a 2010 Gallup poll, 4.4% of surveyed Mexicans, roughly 6.2 million people, say that they would move permanently to the United States if given the chance,[4] and according to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 37% of Mexicans approve of U.S. leadership, with 27% disapproving and 36% uncertain.[5] As of 2013, Mexican students form the 9th largest group of international students studying in the United States, representing 1.7% of all foreigners pursuing higher education in the U.S.[6] The election of Donald Trump, who had provoked the ire of the Mexican government through threats against companies who invest in Mexico instead of the U.S, and his claims that he would construct a border wall and force Mexico to fund its construction, has raised questions over the future of the relationship between the United States and Mexico.

A 2017 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed 65% of Mexicans had a negative view of the US, with only 30% having a positive view.[7] The same study also showed only 5% of Mexicans had confidence in the current US leader, President Donald Trump,[8] with 93% having no confidence in the current US president.[9]

Country comparison

Coat of Arms
AnthemHimno Nacional MexicanoStar-Spangled Banner
Capital cityMexico CityWashington, D.C.
Largest cityMexico City – 8,918,653 (20,400,000 Metro)New York City – 8,491,079 (20,092,883 Metro)
EstablishedSept 16, 1810July 4, 1776
GovernmentFederal presidential constitutional republicFederal presidential constitutional republic
First leaderGuadalupe VictoriaGeorge Washington
Current leaderEnrique Peña NietoDonald Trump
Main languageSpanishEnglish
Main religions83% Roman Catholicism
11% Protestantism
5% Non-Religious
0.2% Other
47% Protestantism
21% Roman Catholicism
23% Non-Religious
9% Other
Ethnic groups62% Mestizos
28% Amerindian
10% Other
72.4% White American
12.6% African American
4.8% Asian American
0.9% American Indian and Alaska Native
0.2% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander
6.2% Other
2.9% two or more races[10]
Current ConstitutionFeb 5, 1917June 21, 1788
Population density61/km2 (158.0/sq mi)34.2/km2 (13.2/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)US$1.283 trillion$17.528 trillion
GDP (nominal) per capitaUS$10,174$54,980
GDP (PPP)$2.224 trillion$17.528 trillion
GDP (PPP) per capitaUS$18,857$54,980
Time zones46

The United States of America shares a unique and often complex relationship with the United Mexican States. With shared history stemming back to the Texas Revolution (1835–1836) and the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), several treaties have been concluded between the two nations, most notably the Gadsden Purchase, and multilaterally with Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Mexico and the United States are members of various international organizations, such as the Organization of American States and the United Nations. Boundary disputes and allocation of boundary waters have been administered since 1889 by the International Boundary and Water Commission, which also maintains international dams and wastewater sanitation facilities. Once viewed as a model of international cooperation, in recent decades the IBWC has been heavily criticized as an institutional anachronism, by-passed by modern social, environmental and political issues.[11] Illegal immigration, arms sales, and drug smuggling continue to be contending issues in 21st-century U.S.-Mexico relations.

Early history

U.S.–Mexico relations grew out of the earlier relations between the fledgling nation of the United States and the Spanish Empire and its viceroyalty of New Spain. Modern Mexico formed the core area of the Viceroyalty of New Spain at the time the United States gained independence from Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Spain had served as an ally to the American colonists in that war.The aspect of Spanish-American relations that would bear most prominently on later relations between the U.S. and Mexico was the ownership of Texas. In the early 19th century the United States claimed that Texas was part of the territory of Louisiana, and therefore had been rightfully acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The Spanish, however, claimed it was not, as the western boundaries of Louisiana were not clearly defined.[12] In 1819 the dispute was resolved with the signing of the Adams–Onís Treaty, in which the United States relinquished its claims to Texas and instead purchased Spanish Florida.[13]

In 1821 New Spain gained its independence from Spain and established the First Mexican Empire under the rule of Agustín de Iturbide, who had initially fought in the royal army against the insurgents in the independence from Spain. Independent Mexico was soon recognized by the United States.[14] The two countries quickly established diplomatic relations, with Joel Poinsett as the first envoy.[15] In 1828 Mexico and the United States confirmed the boundaries established by the Adams–Onís Treaty by concluding the Treaty of Limits, but certain elements in the United States were greatly displeased with the treaty, as it relinquished rights to Texas.[16] Poinsett, a supporter of the Monroe Doctrine, was convinced that republicanism was the only acceptable form of government for all countries in the Americas, and tried to influence the government of Agustín de Iturbide, which was beginning to show signs of weakness and divisiveness. Poinsett was initially sent to negotiate the acquisition of new territories for the United States, including Texas, New Mexico, and Upper California, as well as parts of Lower California, Sonora, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; but Poinsett's offer to purchase these areas was rejected by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs headed by Juan Francisco de Azcárate.[17] He became embroiled in the country’s political turmoil until his recall in 1830, but he did try to further U.S. interests in Mexico by seeking preferential treatment of U.S. goods over those of Britain, attempting to shift the U.S.–Mexico boundary, and urging the adoption of a constitution patterned on that of the U.S.[18] Poinsett often interfered in the Affairs of the newly born Republic, and provoked disagreements with British charge d'affaires Henry George Ward.[19] Texas remained a focal point of U.S-Mexico relations for decades. The relationship was further affected by internal struggles within the two countries: in Mexico these included concerns over the establishment of a centralized government, while in the United States it centered around the debate over the expansion of slavery, which was expanded to the Mexican territory of Texas.[16] Some Mexican intellectuals, including José Vasconcelos would later assign the term Poinsettismo, in reference to Joel Roberts Poinsett, to designate any act of political or cultural meddling or interference by the United States in Mexican and Latin American affairs.[20]

Beginning in the 1820s, Americans led by Stephan F. Austin and other non-Mexicans began to settle in eastern Texas in large numbers. These Anglo-American settlers, known as Texians, were frequently at odds with the Mexican government, since they sought autonomy from the central Mexican government and the expansion of black slavery into Mexico, which had abolished the institution in 1829 under Mexican president Vicente Guerrero. Their disagreements led to the Texas Revolution, one of a series of independence movements that came to the fore following the 1835 amendments to the Constitution of Mexico, which substantially altered the governance of the country. Prior to the Texas Revolution the general public of the United States was indifferent to Texas, but afterward, public opinion was increasingly sympathetic to the Texans.[21] Following the war a Republic of Texas was declared, though independence was not recognized by Mexico, and the boundaries between the two were never agreed upon. In 1845 the United States annexed Texas, leading to a major border dispute and eventually to the Mexican–American War.

Mexican–American War (1846-48)

See main article: article and Mexican–American War. The Mexican–American War was fought from 1846 to 1848. Mexico refused to acknowledge that its runaway province of Texas had achieved independence and warned that annexation to the United States would mean war. The United States annexed Texas in late 1845. The war began the next spring.[22] U.S. President James K. Polk encouraged Congress to declare war following a number of skirmishes on the Mexican–American border.[23] [24] The war proved disastrous for Mexico; the Americans seized New Mexico and California and invaded Mexico's northern provinces. In September 1847, U.S. troops under General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City.[25] The war ended in a decisive U.S. victory; the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the conflict. As a result, Mexico was forced to sell all of its northernmost territory, including California and New Mexico, to the United States in the Mexican Cession. Additionally, Mexico relinquished its claims to Texas, and the United States forgave Mexico's debts to U.S. citizens. Mexicans in the annexed areas became full U.S. citizens.[26]

There had been much talk early in the war about annexing all of Mexico, primarily to enlarge the areas open to slavery. However, many Southern political leaders were in the invasion armies and they recommended against total annexation because of the differences in political culture between the United States and Mexico.[27]

In 1854 the United States purchased an additional of desert land from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase; the price was $10 million. The goal was to build a rail line through southern Arizona to California.[28]

Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna sold Mexican territory to the United States in which is known as the Gadsden Purchase, allowing the U.S. to build a railway line more easily through that region. That purchase played a significant role in the ouster of Santa Anna by Mexican liberals, in what is known as the Revolution of Ayutla, since it was widely viewed as selling Mexico's patrimony.As the liberals made significant political changes in Mexico and a civil war broke out between conservative opponents to the liberal reform, the liberal government of Benito Juárez negotiated with the U.S. to enable the building of an interoceanic route in southern Mexico. A treaty was concluded in 1859 between Melchor Ocampo and the U.S. representative Robert Milligan McLane, giving their names to the McLane-Ocampo Treaty. The U.S. Senate failed to ratify the treaty. Had it passed, Mexico would have made significant concessions to the U.S. in exchange for cash desperately needed by the liberal Mexican government.

In 1861, Mexican conservatives looked to French leader Napoleon III to abolish the Republic led by liberal President Benito Juárez. France favored the secessionist Southern states that formed the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, but did not accord it diplomatic recognition. The French expected that a Confederate victory would facilitate French economic dominance in Mexico. Realizing the U.S. government could not intervene in Mexico, France invaded Mexico and installed an Austrian prince Maximilian I of Mexico as its puppet ruler in 1864. Owing to the shared convictions of the democratically elected government of Juárez and U.S. President Lincoln, Matías Romero, Juárez's minister to Washington, mobilized support in the U.S. Congress and the U.S. protested France's violation of the Monroe Doctrine. Once the American Civil War came to a close in April 1865, the U.S. allowed supporters of Juárez to openly purchase weapons and ammunition and issued stronger warnings to Paris. Napoleon III ultimately withdrew his army in disgrace, and Emperor Maximilian, who remained in Mexico even when given the choice of exile, was executed by the Mexican government in 1867.[29] The support that the U.S. had accorded the liberal government of Juárez, by refusing to recognize the government of Maximilian and then by supplying arms to liberal forces, helped improve the U.S.–Mexican relationship.

At war's end numerous Confederates fled to exile in Mexico. Many eventually returned to the U.S.[30] [31] [32]

The Porfiriato (1876–1910)

With general Porfirio Díaz's seizure of the presidency in 1876, relations between Mexico and foreign powers, including the United States changed. It became more welcoming to foreign investment in order to reap economic gain, but it would not relinquish its political sovereignty.[33] Díaz's regime aimed to implement "order and progress," which reassured foreign investors that their enterprises could flourish. Díaz was a nationalist and a military hero who had fought ably against the French Intervention (1862–67). The U.S. had aided the liberal government of Benito Juárez by not recognizing the French invaders and the puppet emperor that Mexican conservatives invited to rule over them, and the U.S. had also provided arms to the liberals once its own civil war was over. But Díaz was wary of the "colossus of the north"[34] and the phrase "Poor Mexico! So far from God, so close to the United States" (Pobre México: tan lejos de Dios y tan cerca de los Estados Unidos) is attributed to him.[35] Díaz had ousted president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada in the Revolution of Tuxtepec (1876). The U.S. did not recognize the Díaz government until 1878, when Rutherford B. Hayes was president. Given that France had invaded Mexico in 1862, Mexico did not initially restore diplomatic relations with it or other European powers, but did pursue a "special relationship" with the United States.[36] One issue causing tension between Mexico and the U.S. were indigenous groups whose traditional territories straddled what was now an international boundary, most notably the Apache tribe. The Apache leader Geronimo became infamous for his raids on both sides of the border. Bandits operating in both countries also frequently crossed the border to raid Mexican and American settlements, taking advantage of mutual distrust and the differing legal codes of both nations.[37] These threats eventually spurred increased cooperation between American and Mexican authorities, especially when concerning mounted cavalry forces.[38] Tensions between the U.S. and Mexico remained high, but a combination of factors in the U.S. brought about recognition of the Díaz regime. These included the need to distract the U.S. electorate from the scandal of the 1876 election by focusing on the international conflict with Mexico as well as the desire of U.S. investors and their supporters in Congress to build a railway line between Mexico City and El Paso, Texas.[39]

With the construction of the railway line linking Mexico and the United States, the border region developed from a sparsely populated frontier region into a vibrant economic zone. The construction of the railway and collaboration of the United States and Mexican armies effectively ended the Apache Wars in the late 1880s. The line between Mexico City and El Paso, Texas was inaugurated in 1884.[40]

An ongoing issue in the border region was the exact boundary between Mexico and the U.S., particularly because the channel of the Rio Grande shifted at intervals. In 1889, the International Boundary and Water Commission was established, and still functions in the twenty-first century.

The Taft–Díaz summit

In 1909, William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz planned a summit in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, a historic first meeting between a U.S. and a Mexican president, the first time an American president would cross the border into Mexico, and only the second international trip by a sitting president (Theodore Roosevelt had traveled to Panama while president).[41] Diaz requested the meeting to show U.S. support for his planned eighth run as president, and Taft agreed to support Diaz in order to protect the several billion dollars of American capital then invested in Mexico.[42] Both sides agreed that the disputed Chamizal strip connecting El Paso to Ciudad Juárez would be considered neutral territory with no flags present during the summit, but the meeting focused attention on this territory and resulted in assassination threats and other serious security concerns.[43] The Texas Rangers, 4,000 U.S. and Mexican troops, U.S. Secret Service agents, BOI agents (later FBI) and U.S. marshals were all called in to provide security.[44] An additional 250 private security detail led by Frederick Russell Burnham, the celebrated scout, was hired by John Hays Hammond, a close friend of Taft from Yale and a former candidate for U.S. Vice-President in 1908 who, along with his business partner Burnham, held considerable mining interests in Mexico.[45] [46] [47] On October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham and Private C.R. Moore, a Texas Ranger, discovered a man holding a concealed palm pistol standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route.[48] Burnham and Moore captured and disarmed the assassin within only a few feet of Taft and Díaz.[49]

The Mexican Revolution

See main article: article, United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution and Mexican Revolution. The United States had long recognized the government of Porfirio Díaz. The U.S. also supported the transition that brought about the democratic election of Francisco I. Madero. Wilson, who took office shortly after Madero's assassination in 1913, rejected the legitimacy of Huerta's "government of butchers" and demanded in Mexico hold democratic elections.[50] After U.S. navy personnel were arrested in the port of Tampico by Huerta's soldiers, the U.S. seized Veracruz, resulting in the death of 170 Mexican soldiers and an unknown number of Mexican civilians.

Americans. Wilson sent a punitive expedition led by General John J. Pershing deep into Mexico; it deprived the rebels of supplies but failed to capture Villa.

Meanwhile, Germany was trying to divert American attention from Europe by sparking a war. It sent Mexico the Zimmermann Telegram in January 1917, offering a military alliance to fight the U.S. The British intercepted the message and Wilson released it to the press, escalating demands for American entry into the European War. The Mexican government rejected the proposal after its military warned of massive defeat. Mexico stayed neutral but did provide British with oil.[51] [52]

Following the end of the military phase of the Mexican Revolution, there were claims by Americans and Mexicans for damage during the decade-long civil war. The American-Mexican Claims Commission was set up to resolve them during the presidency of revolutionary general Alvaro Obregón and U.S president Calvin Coolidge. Obregón was eager to resolve issues with the U.S., including petroleum, in order to secure diplomatic recognition from the U.S. Negotiations over oil resulted in the Bucareli Treaty in 1923.When revolutionary general Plutarco Elías Calles succeeded Obregón in 1924, he repudiated the Bucareli Treaty. Relations between the Calles government and the U.S. deteriorated further. In 1926, Calles implemented articles of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 that gave the state the power to suppress the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico. A major civil uprising broke out, known as the Cristero War. The turmoil in Mexico prompted the U.S. government to replace its ambassador, appointing a Wall Street banker, Dwight W. Morrow to the post. Morrow played a key role in brokering an agreement between the Roman Catholic hierarchy and the Mexican government which ended the conflict in 1929. Morrow created a great deal of good will in Mexico by replacing the sign at the embassy to read "Embassy of the United States of America" rather than "American Embassy." He also commissioned Diego Rivera to paint murals at the palace of Hernán Cortés in Cuernavaca, Morelos, that depicted Mexican history.

During the presidency of revolutionary general Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, the controversy over petroleum again flared. Standard Oil had major investments in Mexico and a dispute between the oil workers and the company was to be resolved via the Mexican court system. The dispute, however, escalated, and on March 18, 1938, President Cárdenas used constitutional powers to expropriate foreign oil interests in Mexico and created the government-owned Petroleos Mexicanos or PEMEX. Although the United States had had a long history of interventions in Latin America, the expropriation did not result in that. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was implementing the Good Neighbor Policy, in which the U.S. eschewed the role of intervention and courted better relations with the region, which would be vital if another major conflict broke out in Europe. However, with the Great Depression, the United States implemented a program of expelling Mexicans from the U.S. in what was known as Mexican Repatriation.When the U.S. did enter World War II, it negotiated an agreement with Mexican President Manuel Avila Camacho to be allies in the conflict against the Axis powers. The U.S. bought Mexican metals, especially copper and silver, but also importantly implemented a labor agreement with Mexico, known as the Bracero Program. Mexican agricultural workers were brought under contract to the U.S. to do mainly agricultural labor as well as harvesting timber in the northwest. The program continued in effect until 1964 when organized labor in the U.S. pushed for ending it.

Since 1945

The alliance between Mexico and the U.S. during World War II brought the two countries into a far more harmonious relationship with one another. Mexican President Manuel Avila Camacho met in person with both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, helping to cement ties with the U.S. Avila Camacho was not a leader in the Mexican Revolution himself, and held opinions that were pro-business and pro-religious that were more congenial to the U.S. while he maintained revolutionary rhetoric. During Avila Camacho's visit with Truman near the centenary of the Mexican–American War, Truman returned some of the Mexican banners captured by the United States in the conflict and praised the military cadets who died defending Mexico City during the invasion.[53]

For bilateral relations between the U.S. and Mexico, the end of World War II meant decreased U.S. demand for Mexican labor via the guest-worker Bracero Program and for Mexican raw materials to fuel a major war. For Mexican laborers and Mexican exporters, there were fewer economic opportunities. However, while at the same time the government's coffers were full and aided post-war industrialization.[54] In 1946, the dominant political party changed its name to the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and while maintaining revolutionary rhetoric, in fact embarked on industrialization that straddled the line between nationalist and pro-business policies. Mexico supported U.S. policies in the Cold War and did not challenge U.S. intervention in Guatemala that ousted leftist president Jacobo Arbenz.[55]

Boundary issues and the border region

See main article: article and Mexico–United States border. Under Mexican president Adolfo López Mateos, the U.S. and Mexico concluded a treaty to resolve the Chamizal dispute over the boundary between the two countries, with the U.S. ceding the disputed territory.[56] The Boundary Treaty of 1970 resolved further issues between the two countries.

North American Free Trade Agreement (1994–present)

See main article: article and North American Free Trade Agreement. Mexico, United States and Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 with the goal of eliminating barriers to trade and investment.

Since then, the United States and Mexico have tightened their economic ties. The US is Mexico's largest trading partner, accounting for close to half of all exports in 2008 and more than half of all imports in 2009. For the US, Mexico is the third largest trading partner after Canada and China .[57]

Foreign direct investment (FDI) into Mexico has risen dramatically since NAFTA went into effect and in 2008, 41% of all FDI came from U.S. sources. Roughly half of this investment goes to manufacturing. One U.S. company, Wal-Mart, is the largest private sector employer in Mexico.[58]

Illegal immigration from Mexico

As of 2009, 62% of illegal immigrants in the United States originate from Mexico,[59] but by 2014, they made up 52% of illegal immigrants.[60] Commonly those who enter the United States illegally are smuggled in by individuals referred to as "coyotes".[61] In 2005, according to the World Bank, Mexico received US$18.1 billion in remittances from individuals in the United States.[62] The number of illegal immigrants was at its highest in 2007, at 12.2 million, and has since dropped to 11.1 million in 2014.[60] In response to this and the trafficking of illegal drugs the United States has built a barrier on its border with Mexico.[63]

Trade of illegal drugs

See also: War on Drugs. Mexico is a major source of drugs entering the United States. By the 1990s, 80%–90% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States arrived through Mexico. In February 1985, US Drug Enforcement Administration agent Enrique Camarena, nicknamed "Kiki", was kidnapped in Mexico, tortured and then murdered, in what was seen as an attempt by the Mexican drug cartels to intimidate the United States. After one-party rule ended in Mexico in 2000, the Mexican government increased its efforts to combat the all-powerful drug cartels. The United States sent aid to Mexico for this purpose through the Merida Initiative. As of November 2009, the U.S. has delivered about $214 million of the pledged $1.6 billion.[64]

Diplomatic vehicle shooting

On 24 August 2012, a United States embassy vehicle was fired upon by Mexican Federal Police agents, causing two individuals to be wounded.[65] The incident occurred south of Mexico City, while the vehicle had two Americans and a Mexican Navy captain who were traveling to a Mexican naval installation; the area where the shooting occurred is close to Cuernavaca, which is inflicted by several criminal organizations.[66] Twelve Mexican Federal Police agents were arrested for the shooting.[67] The two Americans were later reported to be Central Intelligence Agency agents, who were investigating a kidnapping.[68] In early October 2012, there was strong evidence that the two CIA agents were victims of a targeted assassination attempt, as the Mexican Federal Police agents may have been working for the Beltran Leyva Cartel; however, it is one of several lines of investigation being conducted by Mexican officials.[69]

Illegal trade of weapons

See also: Arms trafficking.

See main article: article and Smuggling of firearms into Mexico.

The US is the largest source of illicit traffic of weapons to Mexico. Many of the traceable weapons come from American weapons markets and festivals that do not have regulations for the buyers, and there is a geographic coincidence between the supposed American origin of the firearms and the places where these weapons are seized: mainly in the Northern Mexican states. [70] Most grenades and rocket-launchers are smuggled through Guatemalan borders from Central America.Firearms that make their way to Mexico come from the American civilian market.[71] [72] Most grenades and rocket-launchers are smuggled through Guatemalan borders, as leftovers from past central-American conflicts.[73] However grenades are also smuggled from the US to Mexico.[74] In an effort to control smuggling of firearms, the U.S. government is assisting Mexico with technology, equipment and training.[75] Project Gunrunner was one such efforts between the U.S. and Mexico to collaborate in tracing Mexican guns which were manufactured in or imported legally to the U.S.[76]

In 2008, it was reported that 90% of arms either captured in Mexico or interdicted were from the United States. However, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and others have dispelled these claims, pointing that the Mexican sample submitted for ATF tracing is the fraction of weapons seized that appear to have been made in the U.S. or imported into the U.S.[61]

In 2015, Official reports of the U.S. government and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and explosives (ATF) revealed that over the last years, Mexican cartels improved their firearm power, and that 70% of their weapons come from the U.S.[77]

ATF gunwalking scandal

See main article: article, Project Gunrunner and ATF gunwalking scandal. The American ATF's Project Gunrunner has as its stated purpose the stoppage of the selling and exportation of guns from the United States into Mexico, with the goal of denying Mexican drug cartels the firearms considered "tools of the trade".[78] However, in February 2011, it brought about a scandal when the project was accused of accomplishing the opposite by ATF permitting and facilitating "straw purchase" firearm sales to traffickers, and allowing the guns to "walk" and be transported to Mexico. Several of the guns sold under the Project Gunrunner were recovered from crime scenes in Arizona,[79] and at crime scenes throughout Mexico,[80] resulting in considerable controversy.[81] [82] [83]

One notable incident was the "Black Swan operation" where Joaquín Guzmán Loera was finally captured. The ATF corfirmed that one of the weapons the Mexican Navy seized from Guzman's gunmen was one of the many weapons that were "lost" during the Project Gunrunner [84]

Many weapons from Project Gunrunner were found in a secret compartment from the "safe house" of José Antonio Marrufo "El Jaguar", one of Guzman's most sanguinary lieutenants. He is accused of many killings in Ciudad Juarez, including the notorious massacre of 18 patients of the reahabilitation center "El Aliviane". It is believed that Marrufo armed his gunmen with weapons purchased in the United States.[85]

Trump administration

See main article: article and 2017 Mexico–United States diplomatic crisis. Following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, which Donald Trump won on a campaign of building a border wall and renegotiating NAFTA, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto cancelled a visit to the United States.[86] The cancellation came after President Trump signed an executive order on January 25, 2017 calling for the immediate construction of a wall on the United States/Mexican border.[87] As of the end of May 2017, Congress has not appropriated funding for a wall, and no further wall construction has started beyond what was already planned during the Obama administration.[88]

Diplomatic missions

of the United States in Mexico
of Mexico in the United States

Common memberships

See also

Further reading

In Spanish

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Mexico, the U.S. and Indiana: Economy and Trade –. 2012-09-10. 2013-08-14.
  2. Web site: OEA: México abandona el TIAR. BBC News. September 6, 2002.
  3. Mexico condemns repression in Libya
  4. Roughly 6.2 Million Mexicans Express Desire to Move to U.S.
  5. U.S. Global Leadership Project Report – 2012
  6. Web site: 2011-13 - Leading Places of Origin - International Students - Open Doors Data.
  10. Web site: 2010 Census Data. U.S. Census Bureau. 2011-03-29. yes. January 2, 2011. mdy.
  11. Robert J. McCarthy, Executive Authority, Adaptive Treaty Interpretation, and the International Boundary and Water Commission, U.S.-Mexico, 14-2 U. Denv. Water L. Rev. 197(Spring 2011) (also available for free download at
  12. Rives, pp. 1–2; 11–13.
  13. Rives, pp. 18–19.
  14. Rives, p. 45.
  15. Rives, p. 38, 45–46.
  16. Rives, pp. 24–25.
  17. Timothy J. Henderson, A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States (New York: Macmillan,2008), 40.
  18. Riedinger, "Joel Roberts Poinsett," p. 1095.
  19. Timothy J. Henderson, A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States (New York: Macmillan,2008), p. 42.
  20. Web site: [ Joel R. Poinsett - United States statesman].
  21. Rives, pp. 262–264.
  22. David M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War (1973).
  23. Web site: Mexican-American War - Facts & Summary - 2016-08-08.
  24. Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848, at 741 (2007).
  25. Timothy J. Henderson, A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States (2007).
  26. Jesse S. Reeves, "The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo," American Historical Review, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Jan., 1905), pp. 309–324 [ in JSTOR].
  27. Mike Dunning, "Manifest Destiny and the Trans-Mississippi South: Natural Laws and the Extension of Slavery into Mexico," Journal of Popular Culture (2001) 35#2 111–127.
  28. Book: Ray Allen Billington. Martin Ridge. [ Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier]. 2001. U, of New Mexico Press. 230.
  29. Robert Ryal Miller, "Matias Romero: Mexican Minister to the United States during the Juarez-Maximilian Era," Hispanic American Historical Review (1965) 45#2 pp. 228–245 [ in JSTOR]
  30. Todd W. Wahlstrom, The Southern Exodus to Mexico: Migration Across the Borderlands After the American Civil War (U of Nebraska Press, 2015).
  31. Rachel St. John, "The Unpredictable America of William Gwin: Expansion, Secession, and the Unstable Borders of Nineteenth-Century North America." The Journal of the Civil War Era 6.1 (2016): 56–84. [ online]
  32. George D. Harmon, "Confederate Migration to Mexico." The Hispanic American Historical Review 17#4 (1937): 458–487. [ in JSTOR]
  33. Jürgen Buchenau, "Foreign Policy, 1821–76," in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, p. 500, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
  34. Buchenau, "Foreign Policy, 1821–76," p. 500
  35. Paul Garner, Porfirio Díaz, London: Longman/Pearson Education 2001, p. 137.
  36. Garner, Porfirio Díaz, p. 139.
  37. Garner, Porfirio Díaz, p. 146.
  38. Web site: [ Border Patrol History {{!}} U.S. Customs and Border Protection]. 2016-08-08.
  39. C. Hackett, "The Recognition of the Díaz Government by the United States," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXVIII, 1925, 34–55.
  40. M. Tinker Salas, In the Shadow of the Eagles: Sonora and the Transformation of the Border During the Porfiriato. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1997.
  41. [#Harris|Harris 2009]
  42. [#Harris|Harris 2009]
  43. [#Harris|Harris 2009]
  44. [#Harris|Harris 2009]
  45. [#Hampton|Hampton 1910]
  46. [#vanWyk|van Wyk 2003]
  47. News: October 16, 1909. Mr. Taft's Peril; Reported Plot to Kill Two Presidents. Daily Mail. London. 0307-7578.
  48. [#Hammond|Hammond 1935]
  49. [#Harris|Harris 2009]
  50. Peter V. N. Henderson, "Woodrow Wilson, Victoriano Huerta, and the Recognition Issue in Mexico," The Americas (1984) 41#2 pp. 151–176 [ in JSTOR]
  51. Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico: Europe, the United States, and the Mexican Revolution (1981).
  52. Web site: [ Politics of Mexican Oil].
  53. Jürgen Buchanau, "Foreign Policy, 1946–1996," in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, p. 511. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
  54. Buchanau, "Foreign Policy, 1946–1996," pp. 510–11. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
  55. Buchenau, "Foreign Policy, 1946–1996," pp. 511–12.
  56. Buchenau, "Foreign Policy, 1946–1996," p. 512.
  57. Jun 2010 – Top Ten U.S. Trading Partners
  58. Jun 2009 – U.S. – Mexico At a Glance
  59. Michael Hoefer, Nancy Rytina and Bryan C. Baker. [ Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2009]. Office of Homeland Security, January 2009.
  60. News: 5 Facts About Illegal Immigration In the U.S.. Krogstad. Jens Manuel. 3 November 2016. FactTank. Pew Research. Passel. Jeffrey S.. Cohn. D'Vera. 27 January 2017.
  61. Web site: Border-Crossing Deaths Have Doubled Since 1995; Border Patrol’s Efforts to Prevent Deaths Have Not Been Fully Evaluated. PDF. Government Accountability Office. 42. August 2006.
  62. Web site: Migration Can Deliver Welfare Gains, Reduce Poverty, Says Global Economic Prospects 2006. 2012-01-02.
  63. Michael P. Dino, Evaluator-in-Charge & James R. Russell, Evaluator. December 1994Border Control: Revised Strategy Is Showing Some Positive; Results: Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Information, Justice, Transportation and Agriculture, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives
  64. Foreign Affairs, July/August 2010, page 45
  65. News: Mexico police fire on US embassy staff. Zoe Conway. BBC News. 24 August 2012. 2 October 2012.
  66. News: [ US embassy staff shot at by Mexican police]. Jo Tuckman. Mexico City. The Guardian. 24 August 2012. 2 October 2012.
  67. News: Mexico Shooting: Agents Who Shot U.S. Embassy Vehicle Were Reportedly Probing A Kidnapping. Associated Press. Huffington Post. 2 September 2012. 2 October 2012.
  68. News: Mexico: Attack on US embassy car was an accident. Michael Weissensteinolga R. Rodriguez. Bloomberg Business Week. Associated Press. 4 September 2012. 2 October 2012.
  69. News: AP Exclusive: US Car Was Targeted in Mexico Ambush. E. Eduardo Castillo. Mark Stevenson. Elliot Spagat. Associated Press. 2 October 2012. 2 October 2012.
  70. Web site: Tráfico de armas, problema complejo y multifactorial: Sedena. 2016-03-16.
  71. News: American citizen in Mexican custody on arms-trafficking. CNN. 2011-09-06. 2011-09-06. yes. July 1, 2012.
  72. Web site: American citizen in Mexican custody. Borderland Beat. 2011-09-06. 2011-09-06.
  73. "Mexican Cartels Get Heavy Weapons from Central America, U.S. Cables Say"
  74. Web site: [ U.S. man nabbed for smuggling grenade parts to Mexico cartel]. Reuters Editorial. 6 September 2011. Reuters. 23 April 2016.
  75. Colby. Goodman. Michel. Marco. U.S. Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges. Working Paper Series on U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. September 2010. PDF. yes. April 26, 2011.
  76. U.S. Office of the Inspector General (OIG) – Evaluation and Inspections Division. Review by the Office Inspector General (OIG) of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives' (ATF) implementation of Project Gunrunner. U.S. Department of Justice. United States of America. 1. November 2010. PDF.
  77. Web site: Mexican drug cartels reinforce their fire power. El Universal. 2016-01-25.
  78. Web site: Project Gunrunner. 2011-02-17. BATFE. 2011-02-26. yes. February 20, 2011.
  79. News: Lori. Gliha. Weapons linked to controversial ATF strategy found in Valley crimes. 2011-07-01. KNXV-TV, 2011-07-01. yes. July 3, 2011.
  80. News: Fast and Furious Investigation. 2011. U.S. Department of Justice. BATFE. 2011-02-14. yes. February 20, 2011.
  81. News: Attkisson. Sharyl. Gunrunning scandal uncovered at the ATF. 2011-02-23. CBS News. 2011-02-25.
  82. News: CCRKBA to Holder on ATF Scandal: 'Investigate and Fire, or Resign'. 24 February 2011. PR Newswire. 2011-02-26.
  83. News: Sharyl. Attkisson. Documents point to ATF "gun running" since 2008. 2011-03-08. CBS News. 2011-03-09.
  84. Web site: Arma en guarida de 'El Chapo' sí es de Rápido y Furioso: EU. Milenio. 2016-03-16.
  85. Web site: 'El Chapo' quería Ciudad Juárez. El Universal. 2016-05-17.
  86. News: [ Mexico Cancels Meeting With Trump Over Wall]. Ahmed. Azam. 2017-01-26. The New York Times. 0362-4331. 2017-01-26.
  87. News: Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto Cancels Planned Meeting With Trump. Linthicum. Kate. 26 January 2017. Los Angeles Times. 26 January 2017.


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

WARC-Type: response

text:
ewan mcgregor’s teeth

It was back in late 1997, and I was curled up on the sofa in my grandmother’s loungeroom in England. The ceiling was so low I could put my hand up and touch it, and it had been dark since 4am. And I was staying up late to watch Trainspotting for the first time. As I watched this strange young man on the electric television, and saw him wearing his skinny jeans, running around the streets and taking drugs, one impression struck me and stayed with me ever since. His teeth are really really alarming.

Years passed, and I watched no movies with Ewan McGregor in them. Then came Moulin Rouge. And again I had to battle my fear… watching the movie was a rollercoaster ride of conflicting emotions and turmoil. Whole minutes passed without him showing his teeth, and I would begin to relax. Then he would show his teeth again. I would cringe and hide behind the sofa.

It seemed he was everywhere. Friends learned of my terror, and took to emailing me photos of a smiling Ewan McGregor… I haven’t recovered from this affliction, as time passes it becomes no easier. But I have learnt to manage my problem.

9 thoughts on “ewan mcgregor’s teeth”

  1. I’d never noticed.

    But thanks for making it impossible for me to ever watch his movies again >:-|

    What is the secret to coping with his “paedosmile”?

  2. But thanks for making it impossible for me to ever watch his movies again >:-|

    The pleasure is all mine. I felt that other people needed to share my pain.

    Neither of these photos really capture the full wonder of the look he gives sometimes, but they came the closest. You’ll just have to rewatch some of his movies and watch his mouth closely :)

  3. you’re weird…and now I feel really bad making you watch Moulin Rouge…..did you hide behind the couch with bunny too?

  4. I’m not weird – and it was because of you making me watch Moulin Rouge that this all happened! I’d forgotten about him and his teeth until then. I blame you.

  5. (Spoiler warning!)

    I quite liked his teeth in A Life Less Ordinary – which I’m sure will terrify you, as one of the characters is a dentist (though while he operates on MacGregor, it’s not his teeth.) This is also where I first learned that MacGregor can sing – and Cameron Diaz can’t.

    You might like Stormrider – he dies early on!

  6. Thank you so much!!!! I thought I was the only one who noticed!!!!!

    His teeth have bothered me since I first saw him in Star Wars. I can’t keep from staring at them which makes me constantly miss parts of the movie.

  7. I’m in the middle of watching my first Ewan MacGregor movie and I’ve had to pause it just now to do a Google search of his teeth. Your site popped up.

    I guess they’re real. Real weird. I was sure they were fake, but alas the search yielded nothing. Except this confirmation that they’re just odd. It’s like they don’t quite fit the right way in his mouth.

  8. THANK YOU! I am sat with blind invalids who do not see it! I am being mocked even though I KNOW he has strange and alarming dentistry. I think it is because his teeth are so white, his smile is so wide, and his lips are so thin. He does have very nice teeth though. I first noticed in when I started to study ‘Trainspotting’ in my film class, and the opening scene when his character is introduced, took me aback. I love the film and he is a good looking guy, just his smile creeped me out a bit. Glad there are others!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

warcinfo:
robots: classic
hostname: ip-10-146-51-29.ec2.internal
software: Nutch 1.6 (CC)
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-13
operator: Common Crawl Admin
description: Wide crawl of the web for March 2018
publisher: Common Crawl
format: WARC File Format 1.0
conformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf


text:
DC Comics/Warner Bros
Nick Romano
February 10, 2018 AT 03:59 PM EST

“The #Titans are getting some company,” Geoff Johns teased on social media on Friday. The executive producer of Titans, DC’s live-action Teen Titans series, confirmed the added “company” to be The Doom Patrol — and they’re coming sooner than later.

Johns shared the cover image of the script for episode 5, titled “Doom Patrol.” The producer inked in “the” to confirm he is referring to the batch of super-powered misfits he initially name dropped in November. Johns is also credited as the write of the episode, to be directed by John Fawcett.

Dubbed “The World’s Strangest Heroes,” The Doom Patrol is a relatively unknown property within the DC lexicon that’s been around for decades. The first incarnation, debuting in Arnold Drake and Bruno Premiani’s My Greatest Adventure No. 80 in 1963, featured Robotman, Negative Man, and Elasti-Girl — the kind of heroes who weren’t exactly jazzed about the horrific accidents that brought about their abilities.

Gerard Way and Nick Derington recently tackled the property in the 2017 comic arc, which highlighted Flex Mentallo, Robotman, Rebis, and Crazy Jane.

Beast Boy also considered himself a member of The Doom Patrol at one point in the comics, and Ryan Potter now portrays the character in Titans.

The live-action series, which will help kick off DC’s new digital platform, sees Dick Grayson (Brenton Thwaites) leading a group of young superheroes, including Starfire (Anna Diop) and Raven (Teagan Croft). Alan Ritchson and Minka Kelly will also feature as vigilante duo Hawk and Dove.

Titans — executive produced by Johns, Akiva Goldsman, Greg Berlanti, and Sarah Schechter — is set to debut in 2018 on Warner Bros. Digital Networks’ upcoming DC-branded direct-to-consumer digital service.

You May Like


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
The program of the Exascale HPC Workshop at HiPEAC 2018 has been published:

Tuesday 23 January 2018 full day (10:00-17:30)

This Workshop (part of HiPEAC 2018) will present the main results from ExaNoDE and its two sibling projects, ExaNeSt, and EcoScale, which are at the end of their 2nd year, each; also, the newly-started follow-up FET-HPC project, EuroEXA, will present its plans for the next 3 years. The four projects cover, collectively, the following areas, which this Workshop will also cover:

  • High Performance Computing and Architectures, and their Evaluation
  • 2.5D Integration, Packaging, and Cooling Technologies
  • Novel, Unified, and Reconfigurable Accelerators and Tools to use them
  • Low-power Processors and die-to-die Communication
  • Low latency, Unified and Resilient Interconnects
  • Task-based Programming Models and Runtime Systems
  • Virtualization for HPC
  • Fast Communication & Systems Software: MPI, PGAS, VMs, Libraries, Management
  • HPC Extreme Scale Demonstrators
  • Storage for HPC
  • Exascale-class Applications and Mini-apps enabling System Co-design.

10:00 – 11:00   Keynote:

• The Challenges of Exascale and a Shared Vision on Technology Advances – by John Goodacre, Professor of Computer Architectures, The University of Manchester

11:30 – 13:00   Memory, Communication, and Accelerator Virtualization:

• Use-cases for Remote Memory in the UNIMEM Architecture – by Nikolaos D. Kallimanis e.a.; FORTH, Heraklion, Crete.
• Virtualization for HPC – by Kevin Pouget e.a.; Virtual Open Systems.
• UNIMEM and UNILOGIC Architectures for local/remote Sharing of Resources – by Konstantinos Georgopoulos e.a.; TSI, Chania, Crete; and Chalmers Univ. of Tech.
• Reconfigurable Accelerators: OpenCL Runtime and FPGA Design Tools – by Dirk Koch, Konstantin Bakanov, e.a.; University of Manchester; Politecnico di Torino; Queen’s University of Belfast.

14:00 – 15:30   Technology and Architecture:

• 3D-IC Design Solution for Modular Integration of Chiplet over Silicon Interposer – by Pierre-Yves Martinez e.a.; CEA, France; and University of Sherbrooke.
• Ultra-Low Swing Transceiver for Energy Efficient Communication in 2.5-D Integrated Systems – by Przemyslaw Mroszczyk and Vasilis Pavlidis; University of Manchester
• Compact Packaging and Liquid Cooling Technology for Exascale – by Peter Hopton, Fabien Chaix, e.a.; Iceotope, UK; and FORTH, Heraklion, Crete.
• Multi-tier Interconnect and Mechanisms for Exascale Communication – by Javier Navaridas, Piero Viciny, e.a.; University of Manchester; INFN, Roma; U. P. Valencia; and FORTH, Heraklion, Crete.

16:00 – 17:30   Programming Environment, Applications and Evaluation:

• ExaNoDe Programming Environment to Exploit ARM, UNIMEM and FPGA’s – by Babis Chalios e.a.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center; e.a.
• Exploiting the ExaNeSt Communication Primitives for a High Performance MPI Library– by Antonios Psistakis e.a.; FORTH, Heraklion, Crete.
• Re-Engineering Astrophysical Codes for the Exascale Era – by Luca Tornatore, David Goz, e.a.; INAF, Italy; and Politecnico di Torino.
• EuroEXA: co-Design, Demonstration, and Evaluation using a rich set of Exascale-class Applications – by Paul Carpenter e.a.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center; e.a.

Organizing Committee:

• Eduard Ayguadé, Barcelona Supercomputing Center and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
• Luca Benini, ETH Zurich
• Denis Dutoit, CEA, France
• Georgios Goumas, National Technical University of Athens / Inst. of Communication & Computer Systems
• Manolis Katevenis, FORTH and University of Crete
• Luciano Lavagno, Politecnico di Torino
• Mikel Luján, University of Manchester
• Iakovos Mavroidis, Technical University of Crete / Telecommunication Systems Institute


text:
At the end of June, the U.S. House and Senate moved two forms of FAA reauthorization legislation through committee and one step closer to votes on their respective floors. With the battle for air traffic control (ATC) privatization apparently coming to a head — possibly within days GA groups are unifying and firmly standing in opposition.

With congressional momentum plowing forward, and with a president who is now firmly behind the idea, just where does the aviation industry currently stand in the important narrative of ATC privatization?

Controversial legislation

Both houses of the U.S. Congress have written and introduced reauthorization bills. Both pieces of legislation share similarities, with the exception of one major difference: ATC privatization.

For the last two years, Republicans have been attempting to create a new nongovernmental organization that can take over ATC from the FAA. Supporters argued an independent ATC agency may be better capable of managing the nation's aviation system than the now-embattled FAA.

Citing the FAA's slow implementation of NextGen technology and reports of ineffective management, House Republicans last year led by House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman Bill Shuster (R-Penn.) — introduced ATC privatization legislation that was ultimately shot down.

While the Republicans have maintained that the controversial plan to privatize the nation's ATC system still wouldn't receive the necessary support in the Senate, those in the House have not given up the fight. This year, the House Republicans introduced the 21st Century Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization Act (AIRR Act), which looks to have more steam than last year's version.

According to Shuster, this bill is an improvement on last year's offering for one reason: "My metric for saying it's improved is [that we've] gained support."

However, congressional support for the bill shouldn't be taken for granted — even among Shuster’s own party. While the Senate version of FAA reauthorization may be passed with little or no resistance, the House version may meet more obstacles thanks to its controversial measure.

GA doubling down

"Handing over our air traffic control system to the airlines would increase costs for all travelers, disproportionately hurt rural America and general aviation, and create a too-big-to-fail institution leaving taxpayers on the hook for bailouts," according to a statement by AOPA President Mark Baker. "General aviation is united against HR 2997, the 21st Century AIRR Act."

Sure enough, other general aviation groups EAA, GAMA, Helicopter Association International, NATA and NBAA signed a joint response to Shuster's six-year FAA reauthorization proposal. In the statement, the groups called for all parties involved to work harder to reach a consensus on improving ATC.

"After a thorough and detailed review of Chairman Bill Shuster's (R‐Pa.) proposal to remove our nation's air traffic control operations from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), we have concluded that these reforms, while well intentioned, will produce uncertainty and unintended consequences without achieving the desired outcomes," the statement reads.

"We believe Chairman Shuster has raised the issue of reform in a meaningful and thoughtful manner, and while we enjoy the safest most efficient air traffic control system in the world, we also believe that reforms, short of privatization, can better address the FAA's need to improve its ability to modernize our system. We have concluded that any structural and governance reforms that require protections for an important sector of users are fundamentally flawed."

Trump effect

While FAA reauthorization apparently hit a brick wall last year, this year things seem different. With the President Donald Trump firmly behind the idea of ATC privatization, the House bill may have more legs and a better chance of progressing through congressional votes.

Speaking at an East Room event in the White House last month, Trump outlined his ideas for overhauling the country's ATC system. The meeting was attended by Shuster, as well as other lawmakers and airline industry officials.

"We're proposing to take American air travel into the future, finally," Trump began.

In speaking on the proposed nongovernmental organization that would take over ATC from the FAA, Trump said: "This new entity will not need taxpayer money, which is very shocking when people hear that. ... [People] don't hear that too often."

Along with Trump, the FAA which had refused to take sides throughout the debate seems to have reversed this position and firmly joined the effort to push the House's bill.

"It's time to for the U.S. to join most of the industrialized world and separate its ATC system from the agency that also provides safety oversight," according to a memo from Chris Brown, assistant administrator for government and industry affairs at the FAA. "With major benefits and protections included in the AIRR Act, the general aviation community is best served by an air traffic control system operated by a separate entity governed by system users rather than bureaucrats in Washington."

Despite this new support, the battle for ATC privatization seems to be going nowhere. Now that both sides of the debate have firmly dug in their heels, the future of aviation and ATC may very well be up in the air.


text:
A recent study published in the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation identified a connection between high rates of bruxism and incidence of teen bullying. Bruxism is defined by the Mayo Clinic as the unconscious clenching or grinding of teeth while awake or asleep.

High levels of stress, habitually chewing gum during the day or consuming hard foods such as almonds or carrots can contribute to a person's likelihood of developing bruxism. However, anxiety is the most common link among these factors — studies cited by the Bruxism Association in the U.K. claim anxiety is diagnosed in more than 70 percent of patients with bruxism.

Researchers in Brazil recruited 206 patients who were not suspected of bruxism and 103 who showed signs of bruxism for the study. The participants filled out a survey with questions about verbal bullying incidents at school and about their overall economic class. The patients ranged from 13 to 15 years of age and were from multiple campuses across the country.

What these oral health experts found was alarming an overwhelming 65 percent of patients with bruxism were bullied at school. When compared to the 17 percent of bruxism patients who had not been bullied, it became apparent that the effects of being bullied went far beyond emotional damage.

Health professionals from all disciplines need to work to recognize the signs and symptoms of bullying. The American Sleep Association estimates that as many as 15 percent of children have bruxism.

Parents are encouraged to speak to their child's dentist or doctor if they recognize the signs of this disorder. Family members may notice a child gnashing their teeth while sleeping, or the child may complain of a headache or their jaw hurting. These symptoms are the most telltale signals that something is wrong with the child's sleep or overall oral well-being.

Protecting children's and teen's emotional health doesn't stop there. Dentists need to ask patients questions when they notice the warning signs of bruxism. The most obvious indicators may include jaw clicking or popping, advanced wear of teeth or general bite misalignment.

Inquiring about a patient's daily habits or problems at school may be the best places to start finding a source of the stress. It can help bullying victims reach out to adults whom they trust away from the bully. This also provides adults an opportunity to contact schools and help put an end to bullying behaviors.

It is worth mentioning that stress or anxiety takes its toll on adults, too. The Bruxism Association found that adults dissatisfied with their work were more likely to grind or clench their teeth in their sleep than adults who reported no job dissatisfaction.

Empathy can go a long way with helping patients of all ages recognize stress and unhealthy habits in their daily lives. Dentists who build a trustworthy rapport with those in their care can help them work to overcome stress and treat bruxism with a few caring questions.


text:
Monday, October 17, 2005

Survey Says

Thought a few of you would like to try this survey predictor out.

I came across this great page which predicts your future Love life with the help of a set of advanced mathematical calculations based on the concept of human psychology. It is extremely accurate as long as you have answered the set of 15 questions honestly and seriously. This award winning website was developed by a group of renowned psychologists. Even if you're still skeptical, just go ahead and try it for yourself, after all, you have nothing to lose!

Hint: You won't regret this!

Click on the link below, and remember, be honest!

No comments:

Post a Comment


text:
Tuesday, October 4, 2011

Model/Performer Call Flyer

Hi all!
The flyer for the model/performer call has been designed, which was supposed to be uploaded to Moodle, but I can't figure out how. I shared it via Google Docs to the Experimental Fashion g-mail account if anyone is interested in taking a look, and giving suggestions/comments for adding/editing.
- Maya

PS. If anyone knows how to upload documents to Moodle, please let me know!

No comments:

Post a Comment


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
Saturday, 8 September 2012

Catholics in a water park

This is not the sequel to Snakes on a Plane, but if you read various “Catholic” blogs, you could think that holding a youth day in a water park (and having mass during its course) was to Catholicism what Snakes on a Plane is to cinema. Before proceeding to the outburst in these blogs, let’s just take a quick look at the event’s announcement by the Diocese of Honolulu, which, apart from organizational details about the event that took place a week ago, includes the following quote from Pope Benedict XVI:
“Joy is at the heart of the Christian experience. [W]e experience immense joy, the joy of communion, the joy of being Christian, the joy of faith [… and w]e can see the great attraction that joy exercises. In a world of sorrow and anxiety, joy is an important witness to the beauty and reliability of the Christian faith.”
The theme of the year is then stated as “Rejoice in the Lord always” (Philippians 4:4) – i.e., the same theme as that of this year’s World Youth Day - and a key part of the program is a mass presided over by Larry Silva, the Bishop of Honolulu. And it is precisely this that so incensed my (at least by name) fellow Catholics.

I don't want to pollute your mind too much, so let me just pick out a couple of choice cuts from among the dissenting blogs:
“Does it strike anyone else that “joy” is being confused with “frivolity” or “fun” in this case? Second, how exactly does spending a fun day at the water park “better equip” the youth for their “witness to Jesus”? And third, are the youth really going to be reflecting on the presence of God in their daily lives at this event? I have nothing against the kids (or the adults, for that matter) enjoying a day of fun at a water park, but let’s just call it what it is and not pretend it’s something else. And let’s not mix the sacred with the profane.” (Philothea on Phire)

“First, it could be argued that the location planned for Mass is a demeaning venue and contrary to the dignity due to the Blessed Sacrament. The focus of the surrounding environment of a water park screams personal fun and self-gratification rather than personal sacrifice and the selfless sacrifice of our Lord and Savior made present at the holy Sacrifice of the Mass with the real presence of His body and blood.” (Unam Sanctam Catholicam)

“I'm not sure I've ever noticed people doing much reflection at a water park. I have no idea how wading pools, slides, etc. contribute to a renewal of faith.” (Popin' aint easy)

I'll spare you all the other nonsense, including copious references to Canon Law and to the General Instructions of the Roman Missal (i.e., the mass manual), as the above should be plenty to last anyone for a good while. Fundamentally they boil down to an attempt to justify the underlying, grave misunderstanding shared by all of the three blogs mentioned above. Namely, that one’s Christian faith applies to some aspects of life - “the sacred” (self-sacrifice, reflection, selflessness, “witnessing to Jesus”) but not to others - “the profane” (fun, leisure, “enjoying a day at a water park,” “wading pools, slides, etc.”). In other words, we can be good Christians in church and when doing “spiritual” things, but everyday life is another, separate matter.

Such schizophrenic compartmentalization of life is, in fact one of the worst mistakes that the follower of any religion can make and that will ultimately either lead to psychological damage or to a very hollow, superficial religiosity that so many now rightly reject. What is the point of going to church if that is a self-contained, separate activity, unrelated to the real challenges and joys of life? It certainly wouldn't be for the music …

Just to make it crystal clear that such dualism is not Christian, bear with me during this paragraph. Jesus himself says: “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” (John 8:12), not “I'll turn the lights on while you are at church, but you are on your own in the water park.” In fact, the whole underlying idea that there is a separation between God and non-God and the heresies that follow from it - starting with Docetism (that Jesus was just a spirit and therefore separate from the material world) and then spreading through various forms of Gnosticism (that the world was created by an imperfect/evil being and that there is a struggle between it and God) – were among the chief issues fought by the Church, starting with St. Irenaeus (my namesake) in the second century AD. St. Augustine puts it very well, as follows: “How is it, then, that I seek you, Lord? Since in seeking you, my God, I seek a happy life, let me seek you so that my soul may live, for my body draws life from my soul and my soul draws life from you” (Confessions 10:20) and St. John, in his first letter, then goes to the root: “God is love, and he who abides in love abides in God, and God abides in him” (1 John 4:16) Jesus asks us to follow him body and soul, weekdays and weekends, in secular contexts and religious ones and both when working and resting.

Finally, just in case you were wondering what sacrilegious frivolities and self-gratification I am trying to cover up with this post, here are two photos from last Sunday’s youth day at the Honolulu water park (taken from their Facebook page):

Since the blogs I am arguing against here have all asked their readers to write to the Diocese of Honolulu to voice disagreement with their Youth Day, I would like to ask you to join me in writing to the Diocese of Honolulu ( and/or to their Office of Youth and Young Adult Ministry ( to share with them your appreciation for their good work, if you are that way inclined.

UPDATE: A reader has just shared with me the following email, received in response to their message of support sent to the Diocese of Honolulu:
Thank you very much for your note of support, which my staff and I appreciate very much. I wish our critics could have seen how reverent the young people were at the Mass, especially when they spontaneously knelt in the grass for the Eucharistic Prayer.

God bless you!

+ Larry Silva
Most Reverend Clarence (Larry) Silva
Bishop of Honolulu

Just FYI, here is the message I sent: “Dearest representatives of the Youth and Young Adult Ministry of the Diocese of Honolulu, since I have come across several blogs asking their readers to voice their disagreement with your Diocesan Youth Day held at a water park in Kapolei, Oahu on 1 September 2012, I would just like to express my gratitude to you for bringing Jesus to your youth and assure you of my support and prayers.”


text:
Questions To Ask Your Self When Choosing An It Service Supplier

What company does not want to attain its full possible? Even mother and pop shops that satisfaction on their own on remaining small simply because it is part of their attraction require to make changes to maintain their venture running easily.

Key customers are your best bet for extra revenue simply because they know you. They believe in you. And they already purchase from you in quantity. Thus, they will be more receptive to any provides you make.

Are you carrying out any IT-related function at the second? For instance, you may be performing some Excel VBA/Macro programming in your finance occupation, or you might be doing some it support work in your marketing occupation. This is often a good way to see which kind of role you would like - do you like these areas, or do you wish to do some thing else?

To make a choice that you will be happy with, get in touch with at minimum a few of companies in the area to discover much more about what they offer. This will give you a good really feel for the business and which companies are best suited to assist you out.

It is essential to eliminate all the information by subsequent the over mentioned steps. In case, you are unable to do this work on your own, contact a Computer restore services, which specializes in providing antivirus support, and offers It services sydney at aggressive rates. A good computer repair company will help you remove personal antivirus program from your computer and repair all types of system-related errors as well.

The rage these days is to "web application" hop. What's the newest thing? Exactly where is the subsequent internet innovation? The unlucky consequence of this is two-fold. Management will think you're playing Three Card Monty with company funds. Or, you ARE playing Three Card Monty because you don't know what to do subsequent - and you determine you'll land on something that will help soon.

Dell did not offer any income targets but said that the deal will add to fiscal year 2012 earnings. It also expects to save 6 to 8 website percent, or roughly $300 million, more than the subsequent two many years on the areas that are being integrated.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


text:
Saturday, January 26, 2013

Deeper ancestry?

Health warning:
This post contains DNA terms - check the ISOGG Wiki glossary  for further explanation of the teminology, and my amateur interpretations of results - I welcome further explanations, suggestions from those more knowledgeable.
As those following the FAIRBAIRN Surname DNA project already know, the majority of the FAIRBAIRNs tested to date match, and belong to haplogroup I1
This grouping indicates our deeper ancestry, ie pre-surnames, 1000s of years ago, instead of the  genealogical timeframes covered by our charts, and the results shown on the DNA results page.
(The haplogroup link above takes you to WikiPedia, which explains I1 diverged from I about 15,000 years ago).

A 2013 (and rapidly evolving) haplogroup tree for I exists on the ISOGG pages.
All we know currently about our matching I1 participants is that we are all still in the generic top level bar one of I1, terminal SNP of M253.
Two of our particpants have determined that we are "L22-, M21-, M227-, M253+, M72-, P109-, P259-", which I interpret as ruling out subclades of I1a1 and I1a2.

One participant has also joined the I1 yDNA Haplogroup project to see what else we may learn.
Results from thousands of tests may be seen here.
I had hopes that we may, eventually, find how far back the common ancestor was for the FAIRBAIRNs and our matching ELLIOTs.
As yet however, there isn't much in the way of timescales associated with the deeper haplogroup tree, so that is probably a rather vain hope, particularly as we only have STR results in the main, and only the above indication of where we don't fit on the tree.

The participant who has joined the I1-yDNA project has been placed in the (very large) sub category of  "I1 generic (I1-AS (generic)) consider ordering Z58, Z63 & DF29"
which SNPs would determine whether the subclades were I1a3, I1a4 or generic I1a respectively.
Only a very small step towards a potential goal of when the ancestry diverged for the FAIRBAIRN/ELLIOTs.
Should one each of say the ELLIOT and FAIRBAIRNs nearer the modal by STR results be willing to upgrade for the advanced tests for the above three individual SNPs, please do contact me (see footer of most project pages). There is no point in more than one or two participants upgrading as results at this level should be very similar, if not identical - each individual SNP test appears to cost $US29.

I had considered suggesting a Geno 2.0 test for this aspect, transferring results to Family Tree DNA, but there appear to be problems with Z58 (and Z62) in the Geno 2.0 chip, and the transfer of results has not yet been fully ironed out. So more cost effective and reliable to simply test for additional SNPs as and when desired/indicated should anyone be curious about our deeper ancestry.

Sunday, January 20, 2013

Two matches

The previously referred to DNA match between the tree of William FAIRBAIRN, schoolmaster of Galashiels, represented in the DNA project by Michael (F-23), and that of John FAIRBARNES of Winlaton/Swalwell, Durham, represented by CJ (F-54) has been confirmed as an excellent match, 66 markers out of 67, so any shared ancestor should be well within genealogical timeframes.
Now to find the paper trail.
Jury still well out as to whether or not that means CJ's origins are Scottish, or those of John & Helen (ANDERSON) FAIRBAIRN, William's parents, were actually English!

The other match that is shaping up rather well is that of our representative for the Cockburnspath family of John & Helen (GRIEVE) FAIRBAIRN, who is an exact match, 47/47 so far, to the line of James & Helen (CAMPBELL) FAIRBAIRN, represented in the DNA project by David (F-9).

Confirming DNA signatures from another representative down a different line of descent to those already mentioned above would be fantastic. Please use the contact links at the bottom of most of the pages linked above to discuss this further if interested in doing your bit for the overall knowledge of how the FAIRBAIRNs connect.


text:
Fairfield First United Methodist Church
Love God, love people, make disciples of Jesus Christ
Love God, love people, make disciples of Jesus Christ
Midwest Mission Distribution Center
Upper Room Devotional
Greeters/Ushers & Liturgists

First United Methodist Church     Sunday Social Time:  8:30-9 a.m.
First & Delaware Streets              Sunday School:  9 a.m.
Fairfield, Illinois 62837                Morning Worship:  10 a.m.

January 2018
Bill & Kathy Book and Ken & Rita Otey

February 2018
Larry Blackford, Don Brake, John Jones, and Larry McDowell

March 2018
R. J. & Julie Barnard and Bryan & Barb Williams

April 2018
Tom Blythe, Daryl Page, Rodger Parrott, and Chuck Reynolds

May 2018
Marty Cox, Tanya Gale, and Ken & Helen Miller

June 2018
Dave & Kathy Land and Jim & Verla Meriwether

July 2018
Gary & Nancy Hallam, Margaret Hunt, and Clifford Reever

August 2018
David Harrison, Ron & Marty Heflin, and Reta Mathews

September 2018
Kathy Cribelar, Cheryl Holmes, Sue Turner, and Terry Werner

October 2018
Melvin & Robyn Donoho, and Beth Tickner

November 2018
Glen & Tammy Lee and Allen & June Wilson

December 2018
Norma Haegele, Joe & Marlyn Harrison, and Kathy Land

March 2018
Beth Tickner

Home PagePrayer RequestsPastor's PageGreeters/Ushers & LiturgistsKid's CornerCalendarBirthdays & AnniversariesMowing ScheduleGet InvolvedPhotosContact Us


text:
WESTPORT — The high school’s dropout rate fell by more than 40 percent from the 2004-05 to 2005-06 school years, according to a state Department of Education report released this week, and Superintendent Linda L. Galton says the school department has been working aggressively to lower the rate even more.
In 2005-06, the latest school year measured in the report, the high school’s dropout rate was a 4.2 percent, meaning 21 of 497 students that year dropped out. Despite the drop, the school remains above the state average of 3.3 percent.
"We have a number of programs in place and I think we’re starting to make some inroads," Galton said Thursday. In the last three or four years, the school has started two programs for students deemed at risk of dropping out.
The school’s PASS program, for students having difficulty with the regular curriculum, and the ACT program, for students with attendance problems, have both been successful, Galton said.
The PASS program enables students to learn in a one-on-one environment, Galton said, adding that the goal of both programs isn’t only to keep students from dropping out but for them to reenter the regular curriculum.
The dropout rate may not actually have fallen as much as the numbers show. The school’s dropout rate of 7.2 percent in 2004-05 was due to a reporting error in the guidance department, Galton said. The actual rate was more likely between 5 and 6 percent.
"That isn’t to say we were performing admirably," she said, adding that the reporting error was not an excuse.
For the upcoming school year, the high school will begin a series of new programs based on the subject areas in which students expressed the most interest in a recent survey.
The school will have computer-aided design, astronomy, government and chorus courses, a fourth year of foreign languages, and a computer course in cooperation with Bristol Community College. Some semester-long courses have been expanded to a full year, and some summer courses have been added.
"We have really tried to listen to the students and try to reflect their interests, as well as meet requirements that private colleges and universities are looking for," Galton said.
She said she is interested to see how dropout rates will change with the new courses. In explaining the reasons for dropouts, she said some students are disinterested or not motivated; they may become discouraged when they fall behind; and some simply have other priorities.
"Some kids have immediate desires, like owning a car or having pocket money, and they feel it’s incompatible with being in school," she said.
Galton hopes to reach the state dropout average within the next three years.
"Our lofty goal is zero," she said. "We don’t want any child to drop out. Hopefully with things being put in place we should be seeing a dramatic drop."
In 1999-2000, the school had a dropout rate of just 0.8, but the next year was up to 4.6, and in Galton’s first year, 2001-02, the school’s dropout rate was 6.5. Its high in recent years was in 2003-04, when the rate was 7.5.


text:
Winner, Winner, Winner!!!

Oh, I am so excited about this!
I can't wait to see what I get to work on!

Thank you all so much for entering.
I just get so much out of blogging and getting to know all of you fine people.
Without further ado.....

Learning Montessori

Please send me your email so we can get to work on this.

No comments

Back to Top


text:
Sunday, January 4, 2009

It's Been a While!

Hurricane Ike pretty much took the wind out of my sails for gardening last fall. So much was destroyed, although I got a few more cherry tomatoes.

I put in a winter garden - broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, spinach, lots of lettuce, turnips and carrots.

The family was here last week for Christmas. I weeded the very weedy beds before they got here. The kids enjoyed pulling up carrots but not so much washing them. We ate salad from the lettuce garden and plenty of cooked and raw carrots. The broccoli had just begun to flower so we didn't eat any of it.

Today I cut a couple of broccoli heads and pulled up another 1/3 of the carrots. Still some left. Planted more lettuce and beets. I left the okra plants since they are leafing out again - we'll see what happens with them. Pulled up all of the tomato plants and harvested the last few tomatoes - one medium sized one (no idea which kind of plant it came from) and a couple of hands full of cherry tomatoes. There were dozens and dozens more green cherry tomatoes but they haven't ripened in a couple of cold weeks so I gave up on them. They were falling off the vines green.

I ordered more potato eyes - Idaho potatoes this time. Potatoes were so unsuccessful last time I just want to see if it was the variety, location, fertilizer, or if they just won't grow here. Also ordered Cherokee tomato seeds - the black tomato variety. I got one Cherokee tomato last year before the hurricane and it was delicious so I thought I'd try them again.

Had a request from the sons in law for peppers so I'll get some jalapeno seeds and plant some soon.

So, we're in a bit of a lull for gardening right now but I haven't given up!


text:
Saturday, June 8, 2013

My little hill

With my renewed discovery and love for gardening, have been trying out all sorts of new ways to grow in a new land and terra.

The earth being "clay-yee" for the most part, is not very easy however, one has to overcome

So, what do I discover, that there is a method called Hugelcultur, hill culture in other words; we shall create a hill above with all the logs and twigs and branches of all the fallen trees as foundation, fill it with dried leaves, bits of bark and general debris of pruned leaves and then cover with soil dug from around the older fallen trees, natural rich top soil, worm filled, black and clean to the touch.

So down the slope I went, where there were logs that had been there for years, dug in real deep into the ground, just lying there. I had been throwing all the weeds and grasses on top of it for the past three years. All had decomposed soft and dry to the touch; just moved it all away, twigs, branches, leaves and grasses and there I had my reservoir of soil.

Filled up my base trunks with more branches. Made it into a good 5' high hill
filled all the gaps, nooks and cranies with the dried mulched and unmulched leaves, grasses and twigs

To digging the soil then, ah back breaking, patient hands to the toil, job! shovel by shovel, bucket by bucket, filled in the hill, covered and patted the hill and viola, it was all covered and ready.

Soaked it for two days myself, put in some starter borage and compfrey at the base, and then lo and behold, the soaking from up above began! The Grace of God poured down on the hill, which my husband thought would be washed away! But no, oh no, it stood right there, in two days of pouring rain, firm and steadfast as a hill should be. The borage and compfrey still there.

My growing on the rest of the hill will thus begin in earnest once the rains are over. The soaking required has happened by Divine Grace. Now for the seeds to scattered, the herbs and flowers to be planted all over and then with patience and fortitude we shall wait for the fruits of this labour of love to manifest itself.

May all creatures, great and small live off its bounty.

  1. nice mound! sounds like a swedish/norse practice . . . .

  2. hmm dont know, but apparently its a german practice right now could have originated from the norse


text:
9:07 - March 11, 2018
News ID: 3465361
TEHRAN (IQNA) – German police said Saturday they had opened a probe into attempted murder after a fire at a mosque near Stuttgart where Molotov cocktails were thrown.

The arson at the mosque in the town of Lauffen on Thursday night caused material damage before the imam managed to extinguish the blaze. There were no casualties.

Stuttgart prosecutors and local police said five people were being sought for attempted murder, AFP reported.

A joint statement said, "several Molotov cocktails were thrown into the mosque through an open window". adding that they were treating the incident as a possible racist or anti-Islamic attack.

Germany is home to some three million ethnic Turks. On Saturday the leader of the community, Gokay Sofuoglu, denounced the incident as an "inhuman crime" and an "act of terrorism".

There were 950 attacks in Germany last year on Muslims or places linked to Islam, according to the interior ministry.

* Comment:


text:
Scream of one minute

Frontline Tick, Pet Shop, Frontline Cat, Flea Medication, Flea Remedies

Scream of one minute

" other shore flower " Touch the chord lucidly and elegantly and sadly beautiful. It is helpless and sad, the shocking one declares publicly the true love that will not change even onto death to common people. It is said the floating fragrance of flowers has magic power, can open that memory for a long time covered with dust and can arouse that grieved old silent slice of bottom of heart, people are stepping on this flower and lead to the prison of the dark hell after dying.

Meet with him first time, the primary impression to him is not good, frivolous and arrogant, arrogant and conceited. The more precise one says, I have a kind of baffled frightened sense to him, feel he looks like and rolls the raging flames that will burn people at any time. He invited me for the first time, I forced him to go to spirit's city, because had no psychology of good opinion to haunt to him at that time, think that catches this very rare chance to do to him and turn over malicously, I had never expected, afford to frighten oneself in the end, whom trick does not park twitch, the sound is hoarse too finally. The way of short spirit's city, let me experience his looking after meticulously, then carve his holding me tightly, a righteous one in one's ear light to " don't afraid of, have me " in me ,Four simple words, have already let my dark peng be aroused in interest.

I works overtime in the night, he comes to meet me, through the setting off of the stars all over the sky, he takes me to play on a swing. His gentle pushing I on the swing, is telling the humorous joke that he thinks, his joke is very cold, but will make me unable to stifle a laugh each time. Back to too supernatural in laugh yet as me, lip of him bake face in I already. In the face of his burst of act, have filled my cheek awkwardly. The uncanny atmosphere has not brought any sign to let his love prolong to overflow all over the placely in my mind, this man has thorough heart which has occupied me, I can't refuse his enticement, his smile is like the flower that the broad-leaved epiphyllum bursts forth, indifferent to fame or gain hopeless dust, hover remotely in my mind, can not get rid of. I name him lovelily, belonged to my " lovely " from then on . Come and go, letting me have to be crazy about modestly and respectful and cautious, valiantly and heroically in bearing of him, we have become lovers soon. We do not have earth-shaken a solemn pledge of love, only love briefly.

At 3 o'clock before dawn, I am woken by the ear-piercing ring tones, the incoming telegram reveals it is him. It is drunk to well imagine to him, he goes against accepted conventions time by time. I even sometimes suspect whether will remember me when his supernatural quality is unclear, perhaps I am only his doll when being boring, think one's own sad thought rolls in, I make every effort, want, shake off chains that he love, I want, can't rescue love he that take again, but these have already become fearless struggle in front of love. Every nerve of the brain, the cells that every one beat are driving me, I have gone. He drinks dead drunkly this time, helplessly looking at his vomiting in the agony of the toilet, but I am at a loss what to do, I seem to hear him bitter in the unseen world, the one that told him crying is helpless. I choose to leave tonight The first time and man pillow altogether, he lie on my right, he sleep very heavy. The exquisite outline appears before my eyes dimly in that of his sleeps soundly so far, I rely on this man so, the works of god are like occupied. Cannot help kissing his lip, gather the chest which enters him, is listening to the heartbeat with rhythm, ask oneself dish mutter, hear your heart love me on earth in this way?

Later on later, mercilessness whose whom sympathy in he bring is only. He is taking another woman by hand in front of me with this both hands which belong to me of that pair of his cruelly, my heart is shouting loudly, the blood is flowing backwards, that sharp sharp knife of his wears and aches my heart, why can Israel is he so merciless? Have forcibly occupied my heart but choose to leave away heartlessly, the sky of the haze, cry for me immediately. I control the mood with terrible heart strongly, pretend not to mind, pretend to pass each other with him gracefully, even if the transient meeting the eye of expression in one's eyes, just have no language in looking. It is my only opportunity that the choice of the fragile helplessness flees from. Absurd thing, retaliate against, control I, let I reasonless humour do a lot of wrong things in front of him. When wanting to retrieve, the misunderstanding unable to give a convincing explanation for self-defence has already engulfed us, the ones that were left are only his cutting remarks to me. Who be can expect at that time I want, keep oneself only dignity only, it know how important it will be he to I, it is known I have moved the true feelings.

Hide and gaze at the habits and acquired characteristics that he has already become me in the petty and low and dark corner, I love him, but unable to leave him, knows for more than one year, but I can not find out all the time he disguises the secret behind the appearance apt to change, have warned oneself to forget many times, but unwilling to leave him. I am trying to go to ²t to solve his true feeling, but the result loses the people's will greatly, I think close to him, will be high the hindrance between each other will be far the distance, he is isolating my soaking in as electric current, it is really so remote that his love leaves me.

Often perfect in the dream, reality differs greatly exactly, the heart after waking up happily from the dream each time, the one left is dropping the pain of injury of entering the valley bottom abyss, I am really easy to fear in the face of this world sometimes. Love nobody can injury who,last oneselves awkward. He still loves me to cheat oneself, the cowardly one turns a own reason into the only comfort. Remember each sense of loss, seem his likeness of the deceased could untie my woeful expression only, think of and he beauty once, all miserable to become sweet, all smiled at and the tears were worth. This legendary venomous insect under him, heart-broken that I goes for him that the destiny of the previous existence is destined in this life.

In the sad eyes, spatter out the grieved and helpless tears at this moment, the fault in the face of him, compromise that my total energy is calm. I never for him fear that difficult, pale and wan and sallow has neither enmity nor repentance. No matter the slander is tormented, I believe the love can stand the penetrating of time, I do not mind what he becomes, what is done, I will not change all the time, I want that light in becoming him darkly, there are my requirements for him and tolerant there.

After after so many years past, I wish eagerly to take him by hand, another chest close to he, listen to his heartbeat at every moment, if it is " the eternity to die like this that second in a moment " ,Let my loyal and steadfast love not repentant become this section of most beautiful regrets while remembering.

---The sad eyes can cry again from then on, she want, take talisman, as a he, High pressure pumps Piston Pumps| Reciprocating Pumps| Metering Pumps long long agothe reticent one defends him, he is her only fetters in the heart Only care Accompany together forever.

Posted by health at 17:11Comments(0)

Hold your remaining half

Hold your remaining half

Everybody is seeking one's own remaining half conscientiously, earnest and persistent.

You have not considered: Let image of appearance hoodwink but bright eyes draw the other side's hand by mistake muddleheaded, vast and hazy for the moment to rush in the red light of the marriage by mistake? Get into enter emotion strange circle for hidden purpose, oneself plant the unspeakable bitter pill?

Having considered, please tell friends, because the friend has proposed: Men and women were integrative hypothesises originally.

He says God has split people into two, it is ladies and gentlemen. They look for the remaining half for oneself ceaselessly since borning. And think dogmatically the remaining half are my defect, because make he (she) one's own Have taken away cruelly. So, are destined he (she) Seek the person that that marriage drew a circle to approve painfully.

The marriage drawn a circle to approve is a cup, it is a whole that the articles that couple each hand hold stand up jointly. When they delivered inwards separately, it was just a round to grip the notch shut, the close chink without any lets someone occupy the space which belongs to them.

In this room, two people's advantages can't be too much, too many their rounds affirm deformation become oval, have gone beyond the endurance of the cup greatly.

Two people's shortcomings can't be too much either, otherwise their round is a square or rectangle. Put in the cup, there are too many vacant places, can hold filthy, misunderstand and the mixture in a horrible mess.

In a word, the advantage of one party is exactly the other side's shortcoming, or the strong point of the other side is exactly a weakness of the one's own side, after the complementation, help an intact individual, can hold each other. The so-called like being folk one: " the brave man does not have good wife, Lai Han is married the spray " Reason. This metaphor is very apt, it seems to annotate the secret with really happy marriage.

The secret is whether you accord with the whole with the remaining half, it couldn't be clearer for you who are wise and farsighted. As if it only knows so simple a reason oneself whether the shoes insert the foot.

A most difficult one live, when being happy, but does not know to treasure you, illusion and that can not formate the round, can't enter the person of the cup again, demonstrate the tragedy of life together.

So tragic destiny does not depend on you, who can you blame another half ones that can not hold you?Tin Box Dvd Box Wholesale Tin Containers Cd Box Supplier Leather Handbag Leather Handbag ManufacturerFashion Handbag ManufacturerPet CarrierLeather handbagsFlash Drive| Flash Card| Memory Module| Memory Card| USB Drive|MP3 Player SUB Contracting

Posted by health at 17:06Comments(0)


text:
Fat Burning Diets Guide

The Most Important Fat Burning Foods You Must Be Eating To Lose Weight

Fat Loss Supplements For Bodybuilding

If you feel like you're doing smart gestures to lose weight but still do not see the scale, that's good, maybe because your diet contains sneaky foods that lead to bloating, water salt, salt and a higher caloric intake. These quick exchanges will keep you going longer, while working on their nutrient-powered magic. Start by cutting down on ultra-processed foods, pungent beverages, gum and sweetened beverages.

Sometimes it can be for security. Others may be to safeguard our own self-esteem or to protect our emotional and psychological balance. Either ... We all plant flowers in the gardens of others. We do this because we want. After all, he nourishes relationships and creates meaningful connections ... To burn abdominal fat, ideally, we should eat at least four small meals a day and include two or three apples in our diet daily - for example, one for breakfast and the other in the form of juice - because apples naturally help to eliminate fats.

These researchers concluded that the evidence linking probiotics and weight loss is inconsistent. However, this analysis examined only four clinical trials. The effectiveness of probiotics for weight loss varies from strain tostrain and person to person. Some probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus can even make you gain weight. Probiotics are beneficial for your health in many ways.

You do fatiguing abdominal exercises and follow a healthy diet, but you can only see small changes on your stomach. Sometimes you feel close to giving up training and your diet. You are not alone! I felt the same thing. I did my best to have a flat stomach, but the results came slowly. The reason is that we are not abandoning at least some of our worst habits. For example, one of my biggest mistakes was that I ate before going to sleep.

If you do not stand long, stay upright as long as possible and repeat until you have maintained for 30 seconds total. More great stabilization moves The standard board and Ant Hold i-rotation. How to do it A. Start in a pushup position with your hands two inches wider than your shoulders. Walk your hands as far as you can, then go back. Do 10-12 reps. Make it more difficult Raise one leg before walking your hands and back.

" Be invented for a long time 14 design ideas that make We want to look at their creators in the eye and ask "What?" 20 people who brought in New Year's preparations e to a whole new level Genes or plastic surgery 24 pictures of famous beauties in childhood 9 products that were banned because of their Ingredients 15 people who learned to the hard way Do not follow the tips on the Internet Today Bright Side has compiled a list of the best homemade drink recipes that will help you become healthier and thinner and make you full of energy.

Eating a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast is a great way to start a day off. Research shows that oats are among the most nutritious foods, and eating them early in the day can reduce the number of calories consumed throughout the day. This is not surprising because oats are an excellent source of protein and fiber - two macronutrients well known for improving the feeling of satiety. In addition, oats are an excellent source of B vitamins and zinc.

If you can do this powerhouse with an exercise, you can be assured of a strong and sexy back. Unfortunately, many people are unable to make this move at the beginning, but I have some alternatives for you here, so with a little practice you will be able to impress others with your strength and your beautiful back . Forget the crunches, crunches and side bends, the board is where you have to strengthen the whole nucleus, including the shy and "so important" abdominal belly.

Unfortunately, like many other things, some traders play on your big belly pain to lighten your wallet, but do nothing to lessen your belly ride. Take a look below at the TOP TEN exercises that will tighten and tone your body like no cardio exercise to strengthen your muscles and get your "backtracking". These exercises are not in a particular order. You should notice that they are called "compound movements" so they work several musKeys at a time.

My NEW Strength & Size Percentage-Based Training Program: http://Hybrid5.ca ➢ My Hypertrophy Training Program: http://UltimateHypertrophy.com ➢ Online Coaching: http://Vitruvian…

Updated: 2018-03-14 — 1:59 am

Leave a Reply

Website Disclaimer The medical information made available on Fat-Burning-Diets.com is not intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. You should NOT rely entirely on this information for your health care needs. Ask your doctor or health care provider for any specific medical questions you have. | Copyright © 2003-2018 Fat Burning Diets Guide | All Rights Reserved Frontier Theme