text:
Rubella and the Americas

Alan R. Hinman

Task Force for Child Survival and Development, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America

The article by Robertson et al. (1) in this issue of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health provides a welcome update on the global situation with rubella, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), and rubella immunization. There has been significant progress both in use of rubella vaccine and in surveillance for rubella and CRS in recent years. In 1996, 78 of 214 reporting countries/territories (36%) were using rubella vaccine routinely (2). This new Revista/Journal article indicates that 124 of them (58%) are now using the vaccine, an increase of more than 50% in their number in just 6 years.

A total of 123 countries/territories are currently reporting rubella to the World Health Organization (WHO), and 89 are reporting CRS. However, the total number of cases of rubella and CRS reported from these countries is significantly lower than the number estimated to actually occur in these countries. This situation reflects a variety of factors. In the case of acute rubella, underreporting relates to the fact that many cases of rubella are subclinical or very mild, few patients with rubella seek medical attention, and there are other causes of rash illness. In the case of CRS, underreporting relates to underdiagnosis, the difficulty of establishing causality in older children who are blind or deaf, and the underdevelopment of surveillance programs in settings likely to see cases of CRS, such as neonatal intensive care units and rehabilitation services for the blind and deaf.

Because of the significant clinical resemblance between measles and rubella, achieving effective control over measles will require being able to differentiate between it and rubella. Global efforts to accelerate reductions in measles mortality and complications rely on adequate surveillance of measles, including laboratory confirmation of the disease. Laboratory-based surveillance of rash illness in the Americas has demonstrated that a significant proportion of rash illnesses initially thought to represent measles were in fact rubella.

As pointed out in the article by Robertson et al. (1), the global measles/ rubella laboratory network has matured to the point that 155 countries have now established national measles/rubella laboratories. Reference laboratories are in existence or being established in all six of the WHO regions.

More countries and more regional alliances are addressing reductions in rubella and CRS. Surveillance is increasingly making it possible to differentiate between measles and rubella. These facts highlight the unfortunate situation that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) has not yet included rubella vaccine in its classification of underused vaccines. This is in spite of the fact that evidence indicates that cost is a factor in policies about rubella vaccine use (as it is for hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, which are covered by GAVI) and that rubella immunization in developing countries is economically justified (3). Data presented in the article by Robertson et al. (1) indicate clearly that inclusion of rubella vaccine in immunization programs is related to the country's development status: 100% of industrialized countries use rubella vaccine, compared to 71% of countries with economies in transition and 48% of developing countries.

It may be useful here to recall the differences in strategy required by differing objectives in rubella. Preventing CRS can be achieved by vaccinating just adolescent girls and/or women of childbearing age. Eliminating both rubella and CRS entails universal vaccination of infants, surveillance, and assuring immunity in women of childbearing age. Countries undertaking rubella elimination should ensure that women of childbearing age are immune and that routine coverage in children is sustained at greater than 80% (4).

Two WHO regions, the European Region and the Region of the Americas, have taken the lead in establishing targets for rubella/CRS control or elimination. In 1984 the European Region adopted a target of eliminating indigenous rubella and CRS, and more than 80% of the countries in the European Region are now using rubella vaccine in their immunization programs.

In the Americas a Hemispheric goal of measles elimination by 2000 was established and implemented (5). As progress was made in measles elimination, interest in use of rubella vaccine began to increase (6). The lead in use of rubella vaccine was taken by the countries of the English-speaking Caribbean, where many countries included rubella vaccine in their efforts to eliminate measles. The strategy in the Caribbean included two major components: (1) mass vaccination of males and females up to age 40 with combined measles-rubella (MR) or measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, to provide protection to those imminently at risk of a rubella-infected pregnancy, and (2) introduction of rubella vaccine into the regular schedule of infant/young child immunization (7).

The strategy in the Caribbean was effective both in planning and in reality. Transmission models and economic models indicated that the combined measles/rubella elimination strategy would be effective and cost-effective. Reality has borne this out: Measles and rubella are no longer indigenous diseases in the English-speaking Caribbean.

Reflecting continuing progress in Western Hemisphere measles elimination and growing interest in use of rubella vaccine, in September 2003 the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization approved a resolution calling for Member States to eliminate rubella and CRS by the year 2010 (8, 9). Achieving that target in the Americas will require modification of rubella elimination strategies in several countries that currently use rubella vaccine only in selected groups or only in routine childhood immunizations, so as to ensure that women of childbearing age are protected and that transmission is interrupted (10).

The Region of the Americas has been at the forefront in reaching many important immunization goals, including polio eradication and measles elimination. Eliminating rubella and CRS from the Western Hemisphere will be another instance of the exemplary achievements of the Region.

1 Robertson SE, Featherstone DA, Gacic-Dobo M, Hersh BS. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: global update. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2003;14(5):306315.

2 Robertson SE, Cutts FT, Samuel R, Diaz-Ortega JL. Control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, part 2: vaccination against rubella. Bull WHO 1997;75:6980.

3 Hinman AR, Irons B, Lewis M, Kandola K. Economic analyses of rubella and rubella vaccines: a global review. Bull WHO 2002;80:264270.

4 World Health Organization. Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiol Rec 2000;75:161169.

5 de Quadros CA, Olive JM, Hersh BS, Strassburg MA, Henderson DA, Brandling-Bennett D, et al. Measles elimination in the Americas: evolving strategies. JAMA 1996;275:224229.

6 Hinman AR, Hersh BS, de Quadros CA. Rational use of rubella vaccine for prevention of congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1998;4:156160.

7 Irons B, Lewis MJ, Dahl-Regis M, Castillo-Solorzano C, Carrasco PA, de Quadros CA. Strategies to eradicate rubella in the English-speaking Caribbean. Amer J Public Health 2000;90:15451549.

8 Pan American Health Organization. Annual health summit of ministers ends with focus on joint health actions [press release]. Available from: www.paho.org/English/DD/PIN/pr030926.htm [Internet site]. Accessed 1 October 2003.

9 Nueva meta de los programas de vacunación en la Región de las Américas: eliminar la rubéola y el síndrome de rubéola congénita. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2003;14(5):359363.

10 World Health Organization. Accelerated control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome, WHO Region of the Americas. Weekly Epidemiol Rec 2003;78:5054.

Organización Panamericana de la Salud Washington - Washington - United States
E-mail: contacto_rpsp@paho.org


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Episode 144: Prosthetic Distractions

This episode contains: Before the science Devon laments just how outrageously expensive it is to buy a house in San Jose. Steven, meanwhile, spent the last week in the mountains under an insane amount of snow. He tells us about spending time with his wife’s family in “juvenile hall.”

Biological Imperative: Spiders eat an astronomical number of insects. We first ask what is an astronomical number. There are about 25 million metric tons of spiders. Turns out spiders eat between 400 and 800 million tons of insects (annually?). Steven then tells us how afraid of spiders his wife is and Devon tells a story of finding a spider in car… while driving.

Run Forest Run: Whole body vibration (WBV) may have the same affect as regular exercise. Scientists tested this on two groups of mice, one group was normal and the other was obese. They then split each group into thirds and made each third either do nothing, use a treadmill, or WBV. The obese mice had a similar benefit from the WBV as they did from the treadmill. There’s still a long way to go to see whether this translates to people.

Sci-Fi: A new Matrix movie was just announced. Who’s going to be in it? What’s it going to be about? Why are they making it now? We know the answers to none of these questions. That doesn’t stop us from droning on about it. Apparently Michael “Basketball” Jordon will be in it (not the basketball player). Devon then stumbles onto some photos from the set of Ready Player One. Devon also saw Hacksaw Ridge and it was good. More importantly, it had Agent Smith in it. This leads to a discussion of Cloud Atlas (mostly the movie). We examine why the same actors played differed characters throughout time and if this was part of the book. Devon then reveals that he sometimes pretends some movies are episodes of Black Mirror. This works particularly well with Get Out.

The Last Jedi: Frank Oz would not confirm or deny being involved in Episode VIII. We then discuss whether there will be Force Ghosts in the new movie and how they could be used. Also, who are the weird people in masks in Clone Wars and Rebels that are always around in Force hallucinations? We then discuss who Benicio Del Toro might be in The Last Jedi. Ezra maybe? Also, Devon reminds us of his accent in the Usual Suspects and says that Benicio came up with it on his own. (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/30/benicio-del-toro-accent_n_6580574.html) Devon then asks why everyone is so obsessed with who Ray’s father is when her mother probably did more to care for her and raise her (at least until she was dumped on Jakku). Steven reminds us that there haven’t been that many women in Star Wars so there’s less of a chance of her mother being a known character. Lastly, Star Wars: Armada is going to have Hammerhead ship in it soon!

Q&A: Do all the ants in the would outweigh all the humans in the world?

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Our Values

Scigate is an automation solution provider with a highly efficient sales network. Being a think tank, we solve the most complex tasks in the field of automation. Being a partner, we listen to our customers. We work closely with our customers to determine their needs and what they value in products and service from us. We constantly scan globally for latest technology to provide the most suitable product to deliver to the local industry. We deliver the right product to solve your application problem.

Our Mission Statement:

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Integrate solutions with our know-how

For Employees
Attract talents, enrich and value add their assets

For Suppliers and Partners
Develop profitable business and branding as ultimate goal

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Crystallize long term technical assets and solidify returns

For Future
Forte mutually beneficial, long-term partnerships with customers, suppliers, principles and employees

Meeting Customer Satisfaction

As a Total Solution Supplier
We are your one-stop automation solution provider in Sensors, Control, Drive and in-process Measurement. We have a wide selection of products to solve any automation problem.

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Well-trained and delicate engineers focused in their field are always ready to assist you in any automation problem.

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text:
Maschinenmensch: Reclaiming Masculine Creation in Fritz Lang’s ‘Metropolis’

The role of woman-as-cyborg has been long discussed within film theory. Many interpret the sexualisation of genderless machines as a fear of female agency and sexuality. When given a modicum of autonomy, she threatens to destroy patriarchal societal confinement, acting outside of standard constraints. We see this trope in Blade Runner (1982), where the cyborg sex worker or ‘basic pleasure model’, Pris (Daryl Hannah), becomes a dangerous and manipulative killing machine that must be destroyed by the special agent, Deckard (Harrison Ford). Alongside this, when perceived within the narrative of stereotyped ‘female’ concerns such as domesticity, a lack of sovereignty results in a fetishised obedience. In The Stepford Wives (1972), robot women become fawning and submissive counterparts to their husbands. Here, the meticulously gendered cyborg becomes a symbol of femininity without agency. Thus, we see a tension emerging in the narrative of the woman-as-cyborg. The technologisation of women emphasises their potential threat to a normalised patriarchal society that must be constrained.

These tropes merge in Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927), which materialised out of the political and social unrest of Weimar Germany. This period is popularly characterised by a burgeoning visibility of women in the post-war workforce and the rise of the ‘New Woman’ – a cultural phenomenon that emphasised (and also commodified) an educated, independent career woman with a more masculine aesthetic. It is easy to see how Lang’s film embodies these fears.

In Metropolis, the inventor, Rotwang (Rudolf Klein-Rogge), kidnaps young worker revolutionary Maria (Brigitte Helm) and mechanises her to become the Maschinenmensch. His goals are twofold: first, to sow discord among the workers on behalf of the master of Metropolis, and secondly, to ‘resurrect’ the likeness of his dead lover, Hel. The project becomes both societally and politically contingent as well as a personal vendetta. The Mariamensch is famously sexualised in the ‘dance scene’, where she is commanded to dance in revealing clothes for a crowd of men. Her dance hypnotises them and thus her sexuality is weaponised for Rotwang’s purposes. She becomes both an object and tool of the male gaze. Maria’s powerful sexuality, when grafted onto the cyborg, points to the dangers of emerging technologies and by the end of the film, the heroes become the rationalists who burn the robot to suppress the sexual and political turmoil.

This interpretation of the film has been well documented and in investigating deeper contextual meanings of this work it is important to acknowledge a more complex gender dynamic at play, especially when used in dialogue with masculine creation in the legacy of retroactively assigned posthumanism to a modern period.

Andreas Huyssen argues in The Vamp and the Machine that while a conflict and intertwining of technology and gender are vital for an interpretation of Metropolis, the important role the film plays in the narrative of bioproduction cannot be ignored. In Metropolis we do not simply see a sexual desire for women, we see a posthuman (and highly masculine) desire to usurp biological reproduction. The figure of Rotwang is highlighted as participating in a process that is extremely ‘unnatural’, as evidenced by the upside-down pentagram framing the first shot we see of the Maschinenmensch

The reproductive body in Weimar Germany was the focus of heighten political attention. The popularity of population theories (such as pronatalism and eugenics) had been steadily on the rise through the previous decades and post-World War I, biopower was perceived as necessary for the German state to deal with pre-war population decline and a need for soldiers in response to mass casualties. A move was made for women’s biological processes to be harnessed by the state, on the right to nationalistic ends, while the left also pressed to commit fully to increasing the birth-rate, believing that ‘mass’ in the working classes meant more power for a proletariat uprising. Simultaneously, debates surrounding abortion rights were increasingly pervasive and so the political visibility of the pregnant body was reaching new heights. We can see this period as exemplifying Foucault’s definition of biopower – the ‘controlled insertion of bodies into the machinery of production and the adjustment of the phenomena of population to economic processes’. Appearing out of this mechanisation of biology comes the figure of the inventor and the feminised cyborg in visual culture.

Instead of biological beings, however, the inventor Rotwang creates the android as a lifeless object to be controlled and dominated. The Maschinenmensch appropriates the female body to become an extension of the (re)productive technology which has always eluded man and becomes the dangerously essentialised defining feature of woman. Fundamentally, reimagining the process of reproduction as technological shows a greater domination over nature than ever before. Huyssen writes “simply by virtue of natural biological reproduction, women had maintained a qualitative distance to the realm of technical production which only produces lifeless goods.”

In creating the feminised cyborg, Rotwang breaks the privileged link women keep with nature through the biological process of birth. I refer to this link as ‘privileged’ as it crucially troubles any certainties about man’s mastery of technology and ending of the ‘organic’ through technological advancements. Simultaneously, because Maria becomes a fractured self – her identity split between genderless cyborg and sexualized woman – she becomes a constructed posthuman hybrid but simultaneously a ‘feminised other’, lacking all agency but retaining the patriarchal benefits of sexualisation.

Posthumanism became a key term in the latter half of the twentieth century, responding to the scientific and cultural developments that had taken place and the need to expand the notion of who had historically been considered ‘human’. The image of the cyborg detailed in Donna Haraway’s A Cyborg Manifesto is a speculative or metaphorical being that seeks to re-conceive of ‘the human’ in terms of hybridity and propose and intervention to standard definition of the human as the white, cisgendered, able-bodied, male. This classical version of the human is a myth, according to N. Katherine Hayles who, in her foundational text How We Became Posthuman, argues for localised subjectivity and a rejection of rigid boundaries of identity. A crucial aspect of posthumanism is the ‘becoming-cyborg’, a creature of flux and uncertainty. It could be argued that, in a less fantastical sense, the threat the reproductive body poses to any masculine mastery of bioproduction is through the troubling of the boundary of self and other indicated by pregnancy, the flux of a body constantly changing to support an embedded life.

In the Maschinenmensch we see a literalisation of transhuman aesthetics – a combining of the biological body with a technological one. Rotwang exemplifies a certain type of posthuman advancement, which is a highly masculinised attempt to mechanise reproduction in a sci-fi fantasy mirroring of the context of Weimar Germany. Rotwang’s project signals a growing urge to test the limits of the human and natural or divine through technology, specifically the cyborg; however, this is ultimately for patriarchal ends which do not mirror the theoretical posthuman legacy.

For many feminist scholars concerned with posthumanism, the reproductive body is one which is ‘biologically enchained’, and one that will ultimately never be equal. I would argue that to move on, we must acknowledge the current reality that a body capable of bioproduction is still, to this day, of political concern, alongside the termination of pregnancy and the legal status of bodies, both born and unborn. The past few years have been the most active in the USA in terms of attempts to limit abortion rights in states such as Alabama, Missouri and Georgia. The legacy of Material Feminism in the works of posthumanists such as Haraway and Rosi Braidotti, who choose to focus on the embodied and embedded subjectivities of women and how different contexts deny or grant rights, is of urgent concern.

Furthermore, the technologies now exist for reproductive capabilities to move beyond biological constraints to benefit those outside heteronormative relationships, as opposed to acting as a fictionalised domination of nature. The previously masculine desire to bio-reproduce technologically has moved into the realms of possibility. For queer folk and non-reproductive women, it is now possible for us to partake in a more grounded version of the autogenesis and technological reproduction of the posthuman inventor through fertility treatments, while terminative technologies provide the possibility of no longer being ‘biologically enchained’. It is vital that we reclaim this narrative, as the reducing of women to their biological abilities has been a pervasive and dangerous trend throughout history. Instead of mechanising the process as Rotwang and the Weimar government attempted, we should engage with the technologies to blur the lines that define a reproductive human and heighten the autonomy of this process. Metropolis highlights a gender dynamic that can be reclaimed by the feminist queer community for their own benefit.

by Caitlin Powell

Caitlin Powell recently graduated for her MA in History of Art where she wrote her dissertation on posthumanism, the reproductive body and the visibility of terminative technologies in visual culture. On a lighter note, she’s also a comedian and you can find her reviewing nostalgic film and TV from a queer perspective on the LGBTQ+ comedy podcast, Queers Gone By. Her Instagram is @caitlinrpowell and Twitter is @caitlinpwll.

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Spot Cleaning

Anyone that’s ever printed garments will be all too aware of that heart-wrenching moment they discover an inky finger print or grease mark on their print. We offer a variety of cleaning products to assist with this very problem. From spot cleaning guns to the required fluid and solutions, we are able to offer several choices in textile cleaning salvation aids. With products from leading textile cleaning supplier Tekmar, you can trust in the product we provide.

 If you have any questions please feel free to get in touch by phone on 0044 (0)1562 829 009, Email or on our Webchat.


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Cell Media Facility Services

The facility provides medium in both standard and custom formulations. Standard media which are commonly prepared are DMEM, MEM, RPMI 1640, DME/F-12, L-15, and McCoy’s5A. These media can be customized by the addition of supplements such as HEPES and sodium pyruvate. Serum and antibiotics may also be added to the medium for an additional fee. If completely custom formulations are needed, the facility can make them in the required amounts at a fraction of the cost that would be charged by commercial sources. Media can be obtained in either 500mL or 1L bottles.

Standard cell culture medium offered by the facility:

Alpha MEM#
DMEM (high or low glucose)#
DMEM (glucose-free)#
Ham’s F-10
Ham’s F-12#
Ham’s F-12K
Iscove’s Modification of DMEM (IMDM)
McCoy’s 5A#
Medium 199#
MEM (Earle salts)#
MEM (Hanks salts)
RPMI 1640#
Williams E

# Medium is also available without phenol red

Cell Maintenance equipment photo

Housed within the facility are 2 large CO2 incubators and 2 laminar-flow hoods. It is therefore possible for the facility to grow and maintain cell lines upon request. Assistance in the cryopreservation and recovery of cells, as well as, training in other basic cell culture techniques are also available.

For labs that are seeking a place to culture cells, the facility can provide a complete biosafety level 2 work area.

photo of petri plate with competent cells The facility keeps in stock a supply of chemically competent DH5α cells. Each batch of cells is tested for both efficiency and possible DNA contamination. The efficiency of each batch is guaranteed to be at least 7 X 107CFU/µg. Most of the batches have an efficiency of 108. Cells are sold in 500µL aliquots, the unused portion of which may be refrozen once in smaller aliquots without a loss of efficiency.  If other strains of competent cells are needed, they can be requested as a custom service.

Culture plates can be economically prepared by the facility with the assistance of an automatic plate pourer which greatly reduces labor time.

The facility keeps the following types of plates in stock:

LB (no antibiotics), individually wrapped
LB+chloramphenicol (25µg/ml), individually wrapped
LB + ampicillin (100µg/mL) in sleeves of 20
LB + kanamycin (50µg/mL) in sleeves of 20

AutoPlateThese are available from a refrigerator in 490 RAL, 24 hours a day. Custom plates containing other types and combinations of antibiotics or supplements can also be prepared upon request.

Since yeast plates are custom made, the charge for such plates is based on the cost of any unfurnished materials plus labor time.

photo of cryogenic tanksFor a small annual fee, the facility can provide a safe place to store your animal and human cells.  A single storage box can accommodate 81 vials of cells.


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Guide to Mares regulators from 2000-2020

Discussion in 'Regulators' started by lowwall, Mar 16, 2020.

  1. lowwall

    lowwall Manta Ray

    # of Dives: 200 - 499
    Location: Chicago
    Part 1

    This guide is meant to help answer common questions about Mares regs of this century and to assist those interested in purchasing or resurrecting non-current regs.

    A couple of notes. The following older regs that were still available in 2000 but were being phased out are not included: the MR10 and R1 first stages and the III, Navy and Beta second stages. Also, dates given are from Mares catalogs and manuals and in a couple of cases responses on the forum by Mares reps or service techs. These never exactly match dealer availability, in particular items were usually available in the shops for a couple of years after they disappeared from catalogs as existing stocks were sold out.

    First stage names are a number (2, 12, 15, 16, 32, 42, 52, 72, 82) and may have one or more letters as a prefix or suffix. The second stage names are normally a single word, e.g. "Abyss" and "Fusion", sometimes a suffix is added to indicate a special feature.

    Note that Mares sells its regs as a packaged first and second. Their standard practice for package names is the second stage name followed by the first stage name, e.g. the "Carbon 52X". However, in the past they have sometimes used only the second stage names for the entire package. They have even marked the first stage with the name of its second stage on occasion.

    The exception to package naming is for sales of standalone octopus second stages. Logically enough, these are called "Octopus" followed by the normal second stage name, e.g. "Octopus Rover".

    HP sealing systems
    Mares' original balanced diaphragm first stage, the MR12, used a T-shaped poppet with a plastic laminate surface that pressed against a seat machined into the stage body to provide the seal between the high and intermediate pressure sections of the reg. This was typical practice of the time - in fact the original Mares poppet was interchangeable with the one used in Conshelf, Titan and other first stage - but could result in sealing issues causing air leaks from the second stage if either the poppet surface or seat were less than pristine. Poppets were dealt with by specifying replacement at 100 dives or 1 year. But rough or damaged seats required a new reg or expensive metal work by a specialist technician. Note that Mares wasn't the only company with this issue, a few techs in cave country apparently made a decent living treating HP seats from all the main manufacturers.

    Mares spent several years working on improved sealing designs. The first step was to fit the MR12 with a replaceable seat. All of their balanced diaphragm first stage produced since then have replaceable seats. The next major effort was modifying the flat face of the poppet into a design that appears to have been inspired by a toilet plunger. The new poppet mated with a seat with a matching indent and the whole thing was called the Spherical Core Seal or SCS. In the end, SCS proved to be no better than the earlier design and was eventually dropped. Meanwhile, Mares engineers had been working on improved versions of the T poppet seal, culminating in the Tri-Material (brass, soft polyurethane, and high modulus polyurethane) design which first appeared in 2006. The Tri-Material poppets were a major advance, doubling the standard replacement schedule to 2 years - although still requiring 1 year inspections - and greatly decreasing the need for premature replacements. The Tri-Material poppets are still used in the 22 Navy and as replacement parts for the MR42. In 2015, Mares introduced the Advanced Coating Technology (“ACT”) poppets. These have a further improved sealing surface that have allowed Mares to switch to a two year inspection interval.

    Here’s an old Mares video showing the the SCS and “classic” seals:

    The good news is that, with two exceptions which are covered below, all Mares balanced diaphragm first stages can be upgraded to the current ACT system simply by swapping the poppet and possibly the seat (and minor accompanying parts such as the poppet pin and O-rings). Furthermore, they all use the same upgraded poppets and seats so there is no danger of an older reg being forced out of service by lack of parts availability.

    MR - standard prefix for early balanced diaphragm first stages.
    R - indicates piston first stage.
    V - indicates SCS.
    MR (again) - as SCS was abandoned, the prefix was changed to MR regardless of whether there was a previous MR version.
    [no prefix] - the MR and R prefixes were dropped in 2015, at least in the catalogs. However I have seen a reg marked MR22X.

    CWD - indicates factory installed cold water kit.
    T - indicates uses tri-material poppet, the T suffix began appearing in 2008 to eliminate questions about whether the reg had the new style poppet.
    S - ? May indicate “Short”. It only appears on the final version of the 12S and the current piston 2S.
    X - indicates ACT poppet, first appeared in 2015 with the 52X and 15x
  2. lowwall

    lowwall Manta Ray

    # of Dives: 200 - 499
    Location: Chicago
    Part 2

    The Regs
    - Unless otherwise noted, all first stages are of balanced diaphragm design and have 2 HP ports (7/16") and 4 LP ports (3/8") including 1 higher performing DFC port for the primary second stage. Weight is for variant noted and in the format yoke/DIN in grams (g) (DIN is lighter). Shown in chronological order.

    2 - A budget piston design that has been around since last century (although not always catalogued). 1 HP port. R2, 2s: 608/432g.
    2S with Rover Second

    12 - This is the classic Mares reg; a simple and durable design was an evolution of the AMF Swimaster/Voit MR12 that dates back to the 1970s. There are still tens of thousands of these in use in around the world. They are a particular favorite as stage and pony regs as they compact, durable, easy to work on and readily available for low cost used. One issue when used as a back-mounted reg is that ports are arranged in a circle around the non-swivelling base of the stage which can result in less than optimal hose routing. Originally Mares flagship, it was gradually demoted to midrange service as newer regs came out. Production ended in 2015. Note that the earliest versions with 1 HP port had non-replaceable high pressure seats and are no longer considered serviceable by Mares. MR12 695g yoke. 12S: 674/574g.
    regs7.jpg 12s.jpg
    '90s MR12 with Voltrex 2nd and recent 2S with Instinct. You can see why it's popular for pony and stage bottles, especially in DIN.

    22 - The 22 replaced the MR12 as the Mares flagship in 1996 and continued in production for 20 years, with the Navy variant still being made today. Mares addressed the hose routing issue of the 12 by moving the ports to the sides of the reg and angling the HP ports down. Until 2019, all subsequent Mares regs had a similar set up for their ports. Originally weighing in at an unusually hefty 1135 grams for the yoke version, in 2008 they shaved off excess metal to make the size and weight a better match to its competitors. The DFC LP port is 1/2" rather than 3/8". Special LP hoses can be purchased to fit although I suspect most people just screw in 1/2" to 3/8" adapter when it is time to replace their primary LP hose. Well, not this guy obviously: A dive to 313m...successfully' . 22 (2008+): 781/616g. 22 Navy (includes cold water kit): 850/666g

    ] abyss.jpg 22x.jpg
    Pre-2008 heavy MR22 marked Abyss with and "Turbo" Abyss 2nd. Post-2008 lightened body 22X.

    Ruby - a V22 with an actual ruby set into the end of the SCS poppet. The ruby proved to be prone to chipping and the hard surface caused premature wear on the seat. Both problems lead to a leaking seal and the Ruby was quickly retired. Like all 22 first stages, the problem parts can be upgraded so there is no reason to avoid this particular variant.
    Damaged Ruby Poppet

    16 - Internally similar to the 22, but lighter than the pre-2008 version and, perhaps because of its conventional tubular body, less expensive. Introduced as the MR16 in 1997, it was the first to get the SCS system and V prefix a year or two later. It reverted back to MR16 when SCS was abandoned. It was discontinued in 2008 in favor of the revised 22. V16: 957g.

    Ti Planet - A V16 variant with a milled titanium body and a few titanium internal parts. Very expensive and quickly went out of production. 580g.

    mares-service-kit-mares-v16.jpg rrmtp.jpg
    V16. Ti Planet first and second

    32 - A somewhat trimmed-down version of the 22 introduced in 2000 as the V32, which eventually morphed into the MR32. Some versions have the 1/2" primary LP port of the 22 while others have only the standard 3/8" LP ports. After the 2008 revamp of the 22 there was no reason for the 32 to exist, so it was discontinued. Note that leftover stocks of the 32 and 16 were shipped into 2010, often paired with midrange to budget Mares second stages which gave buyers a nice upgrade path. V32: 904/710g. MR32: 856/656g.
    V32 with Proton (Metal) Ice

    42 - A high performance very compact first stage that looks like a 3/4 scale 32. In production from 2006 until the compact niche was more or less filled by the 52 in 2012. A really neat little reg that suffers from its orphan status as it uses different internals than all the other Mares balanced diaphragm first stages. For example, Mares never produced an ACT version of the MR42 poppet. Parts are currently available, but there's no guarantees as to how long Mares will keep making them. MR42T: 652/452g.
    MR42T with later Abyss second

    52 - Current top end compact reg. Introduced in 2012. Replaced the 42 and eventually even the venerable 22 in the Mares lineup. Has 2 DFC ports. 52x: 687/513g.

    15 - Introduced in 2013, this mid-sized first stage eventually replaced the 12 as the midrange standard. 15x: 772/598g.

    2019 brought the introduction of 2 new first stages that are the first real design departure since the MR22 was introduced 20 years earlier.

    82x - Current flagship. 5 LP ports on swivelling turret, DFC claimed on all ports. 964/790g.

    72x - 8(!) LP ports to handle any type of hose routing, DFC claimed on all ports. 882/708g.

    Attached Files:

  3. lowwall

    lowwall Manta Ray

    # of Dives: 200 - 499
    Location: Chicago
    Part 3 (I'm going to add some images after work tomorrow)

    What sets Mares second stages apart is the Vortex Assisted Design feature. VAD is a tube that bypasses the main diaphragm chamber and dumps gas into the area just in front of the mouthpiece when you begin your inhalation. The Vortex part is because the airflow isn't aimed directly down your throat, instead it hits the opposite side of the case and then kind of spins around until you draw it in. This makes for a comfortable breathe and also creates a relatively low pressure area behind the diaphragm that helps keep the valve open during inhalation. This eases work of inhalation without the need for designing in Venturi effect assist or adding the complexity of a balanced valve. This keeps the parts count low, increasing reliability and ease of service, and reducing the tendency to freeflow which is a common side effect of Venturi effect assists.

    Amusingly old-fashioned Mares marketing video, VAD section starts at 1:04. Features Proton Metal.

    The resistance to freeflow is why Mares second stages have traditionally come without the adjustment levers that are required for high performance Venturi effect assist second stages and why they are very well suited for cold water diving, especially the metal bodied (and Carbon) seconds. Note that they will still freeflow if you fully dunk them diaphragm first when you enter the water, so keep them in your mouth or keep the mouthpiece down until you are under. If it does freeflow on entry, flip it over or put a finger over the mouthpiece and it will stop. Mares actually specs the cracking pressure of its octos a bit higher to lessen the tendency to freeflow. If you are willing to be careful about how you enter, you can have them tuned to primary specs. BTW, there are no physical differences between Mares octo and primary second stages of the same name except for this tuning spec and any cosmetic pieces.

    Top of the line - these have all-metal bodies except for the Carbon

    Abyss/Voltrex/Orbiter/Ruby - Mares' classic high performance reg. Its all-metal body and internals are unchanged since production began with the Voltrex in 1993, with the exception of some minor material and parts upgrades and in 2008, a port being added on the side to make it easier to access the internal lever height adjustment. The different named regs are identical except for the faceplate and which first stage they were initially packaged with. The Voltrex first came with an MR12, the Abyss with the MR22, the Orbiter with the V16, the Ruby with a V22. 269g
    Abyss family faceplates. The Turbo is missing, but is shown in the previous section.

    Proton Metal - Compact alternative to the Abyss that appeared in 2002 and lasted until 2011. The trade-off for the smaller size is a touch less ultimate durability and performance, but these are still very nice regs. Production run was much smaller than the Abyss so harder to find used. Cosmetic variants include the Proton Ice, Metal Tech Limited Edition, and Proton Metal She Dives. The Proton Ice Extreme was the same second stage except for a black coating that was packaged with a V32 with coldwater kit. 244g.
    Proton Metal top view, note VAD bypass tube and heat exchange fins.

    Carbon - Carbon composite version of Abyss in production since 2008. Light, strong and expensive. 197g.
    Carbon with 52 first stage.

    Fusion - After several years of stability in the second stage lineup, market pressures demanded a new second stage with external controls. The VAD design doesn’t really lend itself to conventional controls, so the engineers came up with the option to rotate the intake hose one step to decrease or increase airflow. They also threw in a purge button that can pivot up and down a bit. IMO, compared to the Abyss, these functions add weight and complexity for no actual benefits. In production since 2015. 327g.

    Epic Adj - The Fusion sold enough extra units that marketing came back and demanded a breathing adjustment knob. It doesn't do that much, but apparently it matters in the showroom. Introduced in 2018. 329g.

    Midrange - plastic bodied second stages

    Akros/Epos/XTR/XL/Ti Planet - Essentially the same reg with different cosmetics. Very good quality plastic bodied regs with metal inserts to offer some of the cold water and moisture retention advantages of metal-bodied seconds. Ti Planet was the same design, but inserts and front cover were titanium. Available from the '90s through 2004?. 235g (except Ti Planet 195g)

    Axis/Axis Pro - lower cost alternative to Akros/Epos without metal inserts. The Axis had a freeflow issue that was eventually solved with upgraded parts. Most were replaced for free by Mares, you can check if you have the upgrade by removing the LP hose, if the seat connector is green you have the upgrade. The original part was white. Name was changed to Axis Pro to indicate it came with the upgraded parts.

    Proton/Proton XL - Compact and light. Works well, but the plastic mesh purge cover has become fragile with time and replacements are difficult to obtain. The Proton and Proton XL are the same second stage, Proton was packaged with either the 12 or 16 first stage and XL with the 32. Produced 2002 through 2008. 176g.
    Proton Octopus

    Prestige - Midrange workhorse from 2008 through 2018. Most have no adjustments, but there were a couple of versions labeled DPD which have a switch that increases valve opening effort. 193g
    Prestige with 15x first stage.

    Instinct - Light and compact, single exhaust port, just acceptable performance. Brought in as a replacement for the Proton plastic and produced from 2012 through 2017. 151g

    Viper/MV - Reintroduced Dacor Viper. Looks like a Poseidon, performs like an Instinct, compact and works equally well whichever side is up. Available 2012 through 2018, mostly sold in the US as the MV Octopus with a yellow faceplate.
    MV primary version.

    Loop - Prestige quality (i.e., better than Instinct and MV), intake hose enters from bottom of second which may ease under the shoulder/sidemount/pony/stage routing or use as an octo. In production since 2017. 199g.
    Loop with 72x second.

    2019 saw major changes to the lineup of midrange second stages. The Prestige and MV were out and four new regs were in.

    • Dual - No special features. Essentially a replacement for the Prestige. 183g

    • Dual Adj - Dual with breathing adjustment knob. 185g

    • Ultra - Same features as Fusion except in plastic 190g.

    • Ultra Adj - Same features as Epic Adj except in plastic. 192g

    Nikos - early '00s
    Rover - late '00s through today. 200g

    Air Control - combined Octo/Inflator

    I was given the following information from a Mares service tech who did a quick review of this guide:

    I would also probably have included reference to the Italian Dacor from the start of this century.

    1st stages
    D20 – fairly unique, included swivel connection for primary 2nd stage hose at 1st stage body.
    D16 based on MR16
    D12 based on MR12
    D2 based on R2

    2nd stage
    Viper – unique, became MV Octo
    Eagle similar to Proton
    Trainer (not sure)
    Fury similar to Prestige

    Thanks for reading. Let me know of any errors and I’ll make the necessary updates.
  4. Zef

    Zef Divemaster

    This is awesome. Thanks for taking the time to write this up.

    One thing to add and one request:

    Add: To my understanding there was an early version of the 22 1st stage that had the high pressure seat machined into the body.

    Request: The abyss 2nd stage came with different covers. Could you possibly add info for the different cover designs, their names, and approximate years they were produced?

    A local shop owner mentioned to me he could not change my Turbo cover for the current cover without changing the diaphragm as well. He mentioned something about the height of the diaphragm was different between the versions...I figured he would have used this as an opportunity to sell me parts that were not needed but instead he just did not make the change, which leaves me questioning whether the info he gave me is good or if he was just lazy....his statement is not consistent with the info that all the covers are interchangeable.

    Thanks again for putting this together.

  5. Zef

    Zef Divemaster

    I found this but it does not include the "Turbo" cover for some reason:

  6. Zef

    Zef Divemaster

  7. JackD342

    JackD342 Dive Shop

    # of Dives: 500 - 999
    Location: Highland Park, IL
    I have found little if any documentation on the Turbo, but I do know the lever height adjustment is different from the other Abyss versions. So a different diaphragm would not surprise me.
  8. lowwall

    lowwall Manta Ray

    # of Dives: 200 - 499
    Location: Chicago
    I don't have any direct information on this, but there's an interesting thread from 2006 where Greg Barlow, who had been the technical editor for Rodale's Scuba Diving magazine, says, "The [Abyss] first stage originally came with an orifice that was cast as an integral part of the block. Sure, you could damage it, but short of poking into its recess with something it is unlikely."

    I think he didn't know and couldn't be bothered to check.

    According to the 2001 Service Manual at Mares Dealer Service Manual 2001 - Page 38 of 117 (click the back arrow at the top to see the exploded drawing of the Abyss 2000 and the Orbiter and Ruby tables), the Abyss 2000 (aka Turbo Flow or TF), Ruby and Orbiter all have the same part numbers for the lever and its nut and washer, the diaphragm, and the ring clamp and its screws.
  9. tbone1004

    tbone1004 Technical Instructor ScubaBoard Supporter

    # of Dives: I'm a Fish!
    Location: Greenville, South Carolina, United States
  10. Zef

    Zef Divemaster

    Attached Files:

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Aqua Lung i300C Dive Computer

Aqua LungSKU: NS115133

Colour: Blue
1 Price:

Aqua Lung i300C Dive Computer

The Aqua Lung i300C Dive Computer is an uncomplicated, intuitive, and rugged design that lets you focus on your dive, not your gear. With an easy-to-use interface, flexible operating modes, built-in backlight and water-activated on switch, the i300C gets you in the water and descending to your next adventure in no time. This durable, versatile and affordable dive computer is great for new divers as well as dive schools and centers. Now with Bluetooth connectivity, you can use the DiverLog app to share dive log information and connect with dive buddies on most mobile devices. Users will appreciate the data retention feature that saves past settings and calculations between battery changes.

If you're a dive center, you can use the Bluetooth connectivity and DiverLog app to get more exposure by building your social media presence. The computer's memory can be erased easily in training and rental applications.

  • Bluetooth connectivity. Now equipped with Bluetooth technology that offers the user a simple and quick wireless exchange of dive log information with the DiverLog app and fast connections with their buddies on social media
  • 4 operating modes. Air, Nitrox, Gauge (with run timer) and Free Dive (tracks calculations to allow switching between DIVE and Free)
  • User-changeable battery and data retention. Maintains settings and calculations between battery changes
  • 3 Gas computer. Able to switch up to three gases underwater
  • Backlighting. For easy reading in low light
  • Directly wipe the memory. For Dive Centers, the i300C's memory can easily be erased with no hassle

Other Main Features

  • Audible alarms and additional high-visibility LED warning light for increased safety
  • User-updatable software gives access to the latest features and upgrades (must purchase optional download cable)
  • Pre-Dive planning feature allows a preview of your next dive
  • Water activation feature, to give a no-worries start to the dive
  • Single button press access to last dive display (max depth and bottom time)
  • History Mode includes total number of dives, max depth, total dive hours and lowest temperature
  • 3 Nitrox mixes to 100% O2
  • Optional deep stop with countdown timer
  • Salt or fresh water dive selection
  • Automatic altitude adjustment ensures an accurate profile
  • Simple to use with DiverLog software on the Mac, PC, or mobile platforms, which allows you to control all your dive computer settings, view Log and Profile data, add location, notes, and other details, as well as store and share photos and videos. DiverLog must be purchased separately at

  • Color Options: Black/Gray & Black/Blue
  • Download Cable
  • Wrist Mount
  • 2 Gauge Console
  • Compass Module - converts 2 gauge to a 3 gauge

Included in the Box

  • Digital Instruction Manual
  • Safety Reference Information
  • DiverLog Brochure
  • Quick Reference Card
  • Lens Protector
  • Battery Compartment Opening Tool

Check out our full selection of dive computers here! Or click here for our full range of Aqua Lung products.

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Spanish Club celebrates Day of Cultures

Jessica Brandom

The City College Spanish club will be celebrating “El Dia de la Raza” on October 9. This cultural event will take place in Gorton Quad from 12 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.

There will be cultural presentations by members of the Spanish Club about the different cultures of Mesoamerica, including the Mayan, Toltec, Aztec and the Incan. Professional dancers are slated to perform dances in the Maya, Incan and Colombian styles, and a Mariachi band will also perform during the festivities.

The Spanish club is also hosting several contests open to all students. There is going to be a singing and talent competition, a dance competition, as well as a poetry contest. There are prizes of fifty dollars for the first place winners of these contests.

Any student wishing to participate in the poetry contest should write a poem about their cultural heritage and submit it to the Spanish club. Any student wishing to participate in the singing, talent, or dancing should contact the Spanish club by October 7. Poetry submissions must be turned it no later than October 7 to Jessica Brandom at: [email protected]


text:
City Times

Leading the Knights down court

Franchesca Walker

January 16, 2016

Experiencing a men’s basketball game in the Harry West Gym is exhilarating mixed with excitement as the team plays at a fast pace. It’s almost impossible to keep a steady eye on the ball as it travels through the court by players and lands into the 10 foot basket multiple times. For the past 12 years, Coach Mitch Charlens has led the men’s basketball team to infinite...

Knights prevail over Pirates

Denise White

December 2, 2015

The Knights opened up their tournament on Friday, Nov. 13th against the Porterville College Pirates. Tip-off started at 5 p.m. with freshman center Leonard Allen going up against Pirates’ sophomore forward Dale Kirkland. Allen tipped the ball to sophomore guard Taylor Nelson who passed it to freshman forward Alex Wilbourn for the first two points of the game. The Knights...

The San Diego City College Knights men’s basketball team started their season off with a bang beating the Citrus Owls, 80-65, on Nov. 4. Photo credit: Celia Jimenez

Knights on the court

November 11, 2015

The Harry West Gymnasium was filled with cheers on Nov. 4 as the men’s basketball team had their season opening game playing the No. 17 state ranked...

The news site of San Diego City College


text:
TEKKEN Crash Season 6 Group D!

The first phase of Tekken Crash Season 6 has finished. Watch the matches of group D featuring Nstar Challenger, T-Express, Monsters and Untouchable in the rest of the entry.

4 Responses to TEKKEN Crash Season 6 Group D!

  1. Meeu says:

    Dasalgi was a baller in this one

  2. Schematic says:

    That steve player was hilarious lol. Very enjoyable his matches were. BTW is that nina he faced in the winners only practice? if it was it would make sense. Since he won with a good group he prolly wants to win with his friends now.

  3. Forest says:

    I miss the girls with the signs that said what round it was. What happened to them?

    I liked the first highlight video alot! :D I have to say that I skipped through the 2 guys talking about the tournament though, I do not speak Korean so it is all gibberish to me, sorry Nin. 3 Monsters’ Bob is super good, nice combos, use of SS+1+2 at the wall, and f+2,3 for lockdown. The Eddy on 3 Monsters used to be on team Genesis, I remember him. Nice to see another Tekken Lord Nina besides only_practice, who is not in these videos. The Law on team Untouchable looked like he did not care much about what he was doing, much to the chagrin of the Miguel. I felt like the Untouchable Miguel should have won against the T-Express Nina, who was saved by the Cemetery stage’s wall. That wall is so hard to tell what it will do as a wall stun, and the camera angles on the Cemetery stage are so bad. It was a very good choice of stage by the T-Express Champion Ranked Nina.

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Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla in Aguadilla

Aguadilla, PR

Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla offers 30-degree programs. Student-to-faculty ratio is 15:1. 96.6% are women, and 3.4% are men. The average annual total cost of attendance at Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla is 5045$, that is at the level of national average. 76% of full-time Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla students completed their education program in 150 percent of time: graduation rate is above national average. Average salary after attending is $18,200, so if you studied 2 years, you’ll get your funds back in less than 2 years.

Average Annual Cost

Average annual cost includes tuition and fees, books and supplies, and living expenses, minus the average grant/scholarship aid. Separate metrics have calculated for different institutions depends on calendar system and sector of the establishment (public or private).

The Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla is a private and academic-year institution, so it’s net price represents an average of all programs and includes only undergraduates who first enrolled in the fall term and receive Title IV aid. The total cost of attendance depends on whether undergraduates live on campus, off campus (not with family), or off campus (with family).

By Family Income

Depending on the federal state, or institutional grant and available, Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla students in your income bracket may pay more of less than the overall average costs.

Family IncomeAverage cost
$0 - $30,000$4,895
$30,001 - $48,000$5,705
$48,001 - $75,000$6,863
$75,001 - $110,000--

  • Typical room charge for academic year: -

  • Typical board charge for academic year: -

  • Combined charge for room and board: -

Percent of students with financial aid

Types of financial aids

339 of Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla undergraduate students were awarded with some type of financial aid, it’s 97 percents of all undergraduate students. This makes Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla number 82 in the amount of financial aid awarded to students among all educational institutions in Puerto Rico.

Students at Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla awarded 5 types of loans or aids, the biggest percent of students received a any financial aid.

Salary After Attending

According to College Scorecard Data from U.S. Department of Education

Students services

Academic/career counseling service

Employment services for students

Living & meal

Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking students required to live on campus

Institution provide on-campus housing

Institution provides board or meal plan

Veteran Services Available

Services and programs are not available to veterans, military servicemembers, or their families

Disability services

Percent indicator of undergraduates formally registered as students with disabilities

Does not offer distance education opportunities

Alternative tuition plans

Any alternative tuition plans offered by institution

Tuition payment plan

Tuition payment plan - a program that allows tuition to be paid in installments spread out over an agreed upon period of time, sometimes without interest or finance charges.

Graduation Rate

Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla graduation rate is above the national average.

76% of full-time students enrolled for the first time to Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla completed the education program and got a degree in 150 percent of the expected time of completion.

The graduation rate value includes only programs that were completed less than six years for four-year degrees or less than three years for two-year degrees.

Graduation rate is the percentage of institution’s new-entering, first-time, first-year undergraduate students who complete their program within 150% of the published time for the program. Graduation rate excludes an extensive number of students. This index doesn’t take into account students of nontraditional enrollments - part-time students, students who enroll mid-year, and who transfer from one institution to another. So graduation rate alone can create a misleading picture. Completion rate in the form of total number of students receiving any types of awards/degrees creates a complete picture. Combining this data with graduation rate is a better way to compare institutions.

Student Body

The student-to-faculty ratio at Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla is 15:1, that means that for every 15 students the institution has one professor, lecturer or specialist with a degree in education. Lower student-to-faculty ratio is better - it means that professors can dedicate more time and attention to each student.

Student-to-faculty ratio

Race/ethnicity breakdown

Students enrollment in distance education

In Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla the biggest percent of students are enrolled in on-campus courses.

Distance education location breakdown

Here are the students enrolled exclusively in distance education courses at Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla and grouped by their location. Distance education courses are the most popular for students located in not reported location.

Academic Programs

Number of degree programs offered

Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla offers 30 programs in total: 30 are for 1-year, but less than-2-year certificate programs.

This is one of the lowest number of programs in comparison with other 159 universities in Puerto Rico state.

Total credit/contact hours

Here you can find the data on instructional activity in measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Also we shown the Puerto Rico state average data to help you compare.

Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla provides coursework for undergraduate students оnly.

In 2014-2015 academic year estimated full-time equivalent undergraduate enrollment was 354 students with 10632 сredit hours for 12-month instructional activity period.

Give feedback about Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla

Student Reviews and Ratings for Automeca Technical College-Aguadilla

Overall Rating:

Location & Website

Address: Parque Industrial La Montana Km09 Edif932

Religious affiliation: Not applicable

Calendar system: Semester

General Phone Number: +7878822828

Institution is active in current year: 1

Institution's internet website address:

Financial aid office: Go to the page

Admissions office: Go to the page

Online application: Go to the page

Net price calculator: Go to the page

Veterans and Military Service members tuition policies: Go to the page

Student-Right-to-Know student athlete graduation rate: Go to the page

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text:
Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago in Chicago

Chicago, IL

Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago offers 6-degree programs. Student-to-faculty ratio is 17:1. 1 high safety campus. 6.3% are women, and 93.7% are men. The average annual total cost of attendance at Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago is 3856$, that is at the level of national average. 67% of full-time Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago students completed their education program in 150 percent of time: graduation rate is above national average. Average salary after attending is $15,300, so if you studied 2 years, you’ll get your funds back in less than 2 years.

Average Annual Cost

Average annual cost includes tuition and fees, books and supplies, and living expenses, minus the average grant/scholarship aid. Separate metrics have calculated for different institutions depends on calendar system and sector of the establishment (public or private).

The Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago is a private and academic-year institution, so it’s net price represents an average of all programs and includes only undergraduates who first enrolled in the fall term and receive Title IV aid. The total cost of attendance depends on whether undergraduates live on campus, off campus (not with family), or off campus (with family).

By Family Income

Depending on the federal state, or institutional grant and available, Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago students in your income bracket may pay more of less than the overall average costs.

Family IncomeAverage cost
$0 - $30,000$3,856
$30,001 - $48,000--
$48,001 - $75,000--
$75,001 - $110,000--

Student charges

Historical tuition and fees

Historical books and supplies cost

Student charges by the largest programs

The estimated cost of the Cosmetology, Barber/Styling, and Nail Instructor (the 2d largest program, lasting 8 months) is $4,581 per year and $54,976 in total.

Percent of students with financial aid

Types of financial aids

52 of Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago undergraduate students were awarded with some type of financial aid, it’s 83 percents of all undergraduate students. This makes Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago number 235 in the amount of financial aid awarded to students among all educational institutions in Illinois.

Students at Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago awarded 4 types of loans or aids, the biggest percent of students received a federal grant aid.

Salary After Attending

According to College Scorecard Data from U.S. Department of Education

Students services

Academic/career counseling service

Employment services for students

Living & meal

Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking students required to live on campus

Institution provide on-campus housing

Institution provides board or meal plan

Veteran Services Available

Services and programs are not available to veterans, military servicemembers, or their families

Disability services

Percent indicator of undergraduates formally registered as students with disabilities

Does not offer distance education opportunities

Alternative tuition plans

Any alternative tuition plans offered by institution

Prepaid tuition plan

Tuition payment plan

Prepaid tuition plan - a program that allows students or their families to purchase college tuition or tuition credits for future years, at current prices.

Tuition payment plan - a program that allows tuition to be paid in installments spread out over an agreed upon period of time, sometimes without interest or finance charges.

Graduation Rate

Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago graduation rate is above the national average.

67% of full-time students enrolled for the first time to Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago completed the education program and got a degree in 150 percent of the expected time of completion.

The graduation rate value includes only programs that were completed less than six years for four-year degrees or less than three years for two-year degrees.

Graduation rate is the percentage of institution’s new-entering, first-time, first-year undergraduate students who complete their program within 150% of the published time for the program. Graduation rate excludes an extensive number of students. This indicator doesn’t consider students of nontraditional enrollments - part-time students, students who enroll mid-year, and who transfer from one institution to another. So graduation rate alone can create a misleading picture. Completion rate in the form of total number of students receiving any types of awards/degrees creates a complete picture. Combining this data with graduation rate is a better way to compare schools.

Student Body

The student-to-faculty ratio at Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago is 17:1, that means that for every 17 students the institution has one professor, lecturer or specialist with a degree in education. Lower student-to-faculty ratio is better - it means that professors can dedicate more time and attention to each student.

Student-to-faculty ratio

Race/ethnicity breakdown

Students enrollment in distance education

In Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago the biggest percent of students are enrolled in on-campus courses.

Distance education location breakdown

Here are the students enrolled exclusively in distance education courses at Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago and grouped by their location. Distance education courses are the most popular for students located in not reported location.

Campus Safety

The percentage of crimes on Main Campus

The campus located by 4269 S Archer Ave address in Chicago, Illinois.

Main Campus in comparison of all branches in the US. It is calculated as the average percent of crimes yearly by five years of data for every campus, based on an overall number of students studying there. The branch is a part of Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago with 1.55% of maximum crimes a year. The only type of crimes detected on Main Campus is burglary.

Academic Programs

Number of degree programs offered

Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago offers 6 programs in total: 6 are for 1-year, but less than-2-year certificate programs.

This is one of the lowest number of programs in comparison with other 134 universities in Cook county. Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago is one of the few institutions in Cook that offers a 1-year, but less than-2-year certificate program.

Total credit/contact hours

Here you can find the data on instructional activity in measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Also we shown the Illinois state average data to help you compare.

Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago provides coursework for undergraduate students оnly.

In 2014-2015 academic year estimated full-time equivalent undergraduate enrollment was 46 students with 41004 сontact hours for 12-month instructional activity period.

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Student Reviews and Ratings for Cannella School of Hair Design-Chicago

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Location & Website

Address: 4217 W North Ave

Religious affiliation: Not applicable

Calendar system: Continuous

General Phone Number: +7732784477

Institution is active in current year: 1

Institution's internet website address:

Financial aid office: Go to the page

Admissions office: Go to the page

Online application: Go to the page

Net price calculator: Go to the page

Veterans and Military Service members tuition policies: Go to the page

Student-Right-to-Know student athlete graduation rate: Go to the page

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Fort Lewis College in Durango

Durango, CO

Fort Lewis College offers 108-degree programs. Student-to-faculty ratio is 17:1. 1 high safety campus. Acceptance Rate is 91%. The most popular test is SAT - 21% of students submitted it in comparison to 90% of students who submitted ACT. 51.2% are women, and 48.8% are men. 2% percents of international students. Fort Lewis College is a member of 5 athletic associations. The average annual total cost of attendance at Fort Lewis College is 15254$, that is above national average. Total price of living is between $13214 and $23554 per year. 37% of full-time Fort Lewis College students completed their education in 150 percent of time: graduation rate is at the level of national average. Average salary after attending is $34,000, so if you studied 2 years, you’ll get your funds back in less than 2 years.

Average Annual Cost

Average annual cost includes tuition and fees, books and supplies, and living expenses, minus the average grant/scholarship aid. Separate metrics have calculated for different institutions depends on calendar system and sector of the establishment (public or private).

The Fort Lewis College is a public and non-academic-year institution, so it’s net price represents an average of all programs and includes only undergraduates who first enrolled in the fall term and pay in-state tuition and receive Title IV aid.

By Family Income

Depending on the federal state, or institutional grant and available, Fort Lewis College students in your income bracket may pay more of less than the overall average costs.

Family IncomeAverage cost
$0 - $30,000$12,510
$30,001 - $48,000$12,568
$48,001 - $75,000$16,496
$75,001 - $110,000$18,232

Admission considerations

  • Secondary school GPA
  • Secondary school record
  • Admission test scores
  • Other Test (Wonderlic, WISC-III, etc.)

  • Completion of college-preparatory program
  • Recommendations
  • Formal demonstration of competencies

Neither required nor recommended:

  • Secondary school rank
  • TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)

  • Typical room charge for academic year: 4530

  • Typical board charge for academic year: -

  • Combined charge for room and board: -

Percent of students with financial aid

Types of financial aids

2999 of Fort Lewis College undergraduates were awarded with some type of financial aid, it’s 79 percents of all undergraduate students. This makes Fort Lewis College number 11 in the amount of financial aid awarded to students among all educational institutions in Colorado.

Students at Fort Lewis College awarded 5 types of loans or aids, the biggest percent of students received a any financial aid.

Family IncomeNumber awarded grant and scholarship aidAverage amount of grant and scholarship aid awarded
$0 - $30,000
$30,001 - $48,000
$48,001 - $75,000
$75,001 - $110,000

Salary After Attending

According to College Scorecard Data from U.S. Department of Education

Students services

Academic/career counseling service

Employment services for students

Living & meal

Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking students required to live on campus

Institution provide on-campus housing

Institution provides board or meal plan

Veteran Services Available

Yellow Ribbon Program

Credit for military training

Dedicated point of contact for support services for veterans, military servicemembers, and their families

Recognized student veteran organization

Member of Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges

Disability services

Percent indicator of undergraduates formally registered as students with disabilities

Undergraduate programs or courses are offered via distance education

Alternative tuition plans

Any alternative tuition plans offered by institution

Tuition payment plan

Tuition payment plan - a program that allows tuition to be paid in installments spread out over an agreed upon period of time, sometimes without interest or finance charges.

Special learning opportunities

Here are the learning opportunities available in Fort Lewis College.

Study abroad

Teacher certification (below the postsecondary level)

Teacher certification: students can complete their preparation in certain areas of specialization

Teacher certification: approved by the state for initial certification or licensure of teachers

Study abroad - programs and arrangements providing students a possibility to complete part of the college program studying in another country.

Teacher certifications programs are designed to prepare students to meet the requirements for certification as teachers in elementary, middle/junior high, and secondary schools.

Athletic associations

  • Member of National Athletic Association
  • Member of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
  • NCAA/NAIA member for football
  • NCAA/NAIA member for basketball
  • NCAA/NAIA member for cross country/track

Graduation Rate

Fort Lewis College graduation rate is below the national average.

37% of full-time students enrolled for the first time to Fort Lewis College completed the education program and got a degree in 150 percent of the expected time of completion.

The graduation rate value includes only programs that were completed less than six years for four-year degrees or less than three years for two-year degrees.

Graduation rate is the percentage of institution’s new-entering, first-time, first-year undergraduate students who complete their program within 150% of the published time for the program. Graduation rate excludes an extensive number of students. This indicator doesn’t consider students of nontraditional enrollments - part-time students, students who enroll mid-year, and who transfer from one institution to another. So graduation rate alone can create a misleading perception. Completion rate in the form of total number of students receiving any types of awards/degrees creates a complete picture. Combining this data with graduation rate is a better way to compare institutions.

Applying information

Average number of admissions to one applicant

1 : 1

Average number of applicants to one enrolled

4 : 1

Admission considerations

  • Secondary school GPA
  • Secondary school record
  • Admission test scores
  • Other Test (Wonderlic, WISC-III, etc.)

  • Completion of college-preparatory program
  • Recommendations
  • Formal demonstration of competencies

Neither required nor recommended:

  • Secondary school rank
  • TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)

Acceptance Rate

The percentage of students given offers out of all those that applied.

In comparison to National Average

Fort Lewis College acceptance rate is above national average.

In comparison to state Average

Average acceptance rate for institutions in state is 76%, so acceptance rate value is above state average for 15%.

In comparison to an average acceptance rate in of colleges in $10k - $20k price range

Average acceptance rate for all institutions in state in the same net price range is 70%, so Fort Lewis College acceptance rate value is above state net price average for 21%.

Admissions yield

Of those that receive offers to enroll, this is the percent of students that actually do enroll. It is equal to the number of students that enroll divided by the number of accepted students multiplied by 100.

Full time

Part time

Retention rate

Full-time retention rate

Part-time retention rate

The Fort Lewis College full-time retention rate is 63% and part-time retention rate is 20%.

Retention rate is the percentage of the institution's first-time first-year undergraduate students who continue at that institution the next year. E.g., full-time students who study in the fall semester and continue studying in the same program next fall semester are included in the retention rate.

Retention rate is an important index: if it is high, it shows that school has quality curriculum, pleasant student environments and cultures as more students choose to continue their studies.

SAT/ACT scores

SAT scores

Percent of first-time degree/certificate-seeking Fort Lewis College students submitting SAT scores

Composite SAT Range (25th - 75th):
910 - 1130

SAT Range by section (25th - 75th)
Critical Reading: 460 - 550
Math: 450 - 580
Writing: 0 - 0

SAT Test Score Range

ACT scores

Percent of first-time degree/certificate-seeking Fort Lewis College students submitting ACT scores

Composite ACT Range (25th - 75th):
19 - 24

ACT Range by section (25th - 75th)
English: 19 - 25
Math: 18 - 24
Writing: 0 - 0

ACT Test Score Range

SAT Score Converter

The new SAT is scored out of 1600 after the adjustments made in 2016. The old SAT was scored out of 2400. If you took an old SAT, you can convert your score to the new SAT score using the SAT Score Converter.

New SAT to Old SAT
Old SAT to New SAT

Enter your total & section scores (Please enter all 3 scores)

Step 1 of 2

Total Score

Evidence-Based Reading and Writing

For the High School Class of 2016:
Most students in the Class of 2016 will take the old SAT, and most colleges will convert new SAT scores to old SAT scores.

For the High School Class of 2017:
Most students in the Class of 2017 will take the new SAT, and most colleges will convert old SAT scores to new SAT scores.

Student Body

The student-to-faculty ratio at Fort Lewis College is 17:1, that means that for every 17 students the institution has one professor, lecturer or specialist with a degree in education. Lower student-to-faculty ratio is better - it means that professors can dedicate more time and attention to each student.

Student-to-faculty ratio

Number of international students

Percent of international students

Race/ethnicity breakdown

Students enrollment in distance education

In Fort Lewis College the biggest percent of students are enrolled in on-campus courses.

Distance education location breakdown

Here are the students enrolled exclusively in distance education courses at Fort Lewis College and grouped by their location. Distance education courses are the most popular for students located in not reported location.

Campus Safety

The percentage of crimes on Main Campus

The campus located by 1000 Rim Drive address in Durango, Colorado.

Main Campus in comparison of all branches in the US. It is calculated as the average percent of crimes yearly by five years of data for every campus, based on an overall number of students studying there. The branch is a part of Fort Lewis College with 0.58% of maximum crimes a year. The most often crimes detected on Main Campus are burglary, forcible sex offense, and motor vehicle theft.

Academic Programs

Number of degree programs offered

Fort Lewis College offers 108 programs in total: 102 are for Bachelor's degree, 3 - for Associate's degree, and 3 are Master's degree.

This is one of the lowest number of programs in comparison with other 131 universities in Colorado state. Fort Lewis College is one of the few institutions in Colorado that offers an Associate's degree program.

Total credit/contact hours

Here you can find the data on instructional activity in measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Also we shown the Colorado state average data to help you compare.

Fort Lewis College provides coursework for undergraduate students and graduate students.

In 2014-2015 academic year estimated full-time equivalent undergraduate enrollment was 3530 students with 105891 сredit hours for 12-month instructional activity period. The enrollment for graduates was 16 with 387 credit hours.

Give feedback about Fort Lewis College

Student Reviews and Ratings for Fort Lewis College

Overall Rating:

Location & Website

Address: 1000 Rim Drive

Religious affiliation: Not applicable

Calendar system: Semester

General Phone Number: +9702477010

Institution is active in current year: 1

Institution's internet website address:

Financial aid office: Go to the page

Admissions office: Go to the page

Online application: Go to the page

Net price calculator: Go to the page

Veterans and Military Service members tuition policies: Go to the page

Student-Right-to-Know student athlete graduation rate: Go to the page

Was this page helpful?

Thank you for your feedback! % of people found this helpful


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Calshot NCI: Photos Jan – June 2017

Most of these photos were taken with a good quality DSLR camera with a general purpose zoom lens. A few were taken using an iPhone.

15th January: Just at the end of the watch the CMA CGM Marco Polo was inbound. Then, as I was leaving the Spit I saw a ship in Polar colours coming up Southampton Water. I drove down to Ashlett Creek but couldn’t see her from there so I drove back to the Spit to take some photos so I could identify her. Apparently she is a brand new French ice-breaker destined for Antarctic duty; presumably she is not yet fully commissioned.

5th February: The sail training ship Prolific is operated by the Ocean Youth Trust South operating out of Gosport. One of the few other boats out on the water was a J80 practising with its asymmetric.

12th March: An RYA Optimist instruction day at Calshot.

2nd April: Two large vessels executing a “Fawley pass”.

9th April: A Bayraider Expedition setting sail and something entirely different! (iPhone photos except for the BRe under sail)

16th April: Skiff capsizes by the cafe (iPhone photos) and then the new NCI banner photographed from the Castle.

23rd April: A jet ski which seemed intent on createing waves near the slipway as boats were being launched. Later the wife took the jet ski and ran aground on the mud. The husband and Calshot Lifeboat crew tried to wade out to her but eventually she managed to push it off the mud!

7th May: The previous watch had an incident with CG looking for an EPIRB active in area – Calshot LB found it at Netley Boat Jumble on a table with its light happily flashing away! As our watch started there was a sailing barge coming down Southampton water. Then this fisherman laid a net from the shore to Calshot Spit and banged the bottom of his boat to frighten fish into it. He caught quite a number of large fish. Whether it was legal I have no idea!

21st and 28th May: Photo of BR20 no.089 on the 21st; panoramic view of a squall line on the 28th.

18th June: BC23 number 23!


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Nichols Lends Winning Past to West's Present
Nichols Lends Winning Past to West's Present
Boys Soccer
Posted Tuesday, July 28, 2020
By Tom Spencer
Special for Second Half

Thirteen Novembers ago, Drew Nichols, then a senior captain, took a bus ride home from Troy High School with the Traverse City West boys soccer team. The Division 1 boys soccer championship trophy was happily along for the ride as the Titans had just beaten Livonia Stevenson 1-0 in the Final.

Last November only an overtime loss prevented the now-West assistant varsity coach from taking a very enjoyable similar bus ride. The loss was at the hands of Troy Athens, and the ride home departed this time from Comstock Park.

Perhaps this November he’ll get another shot from Comstock Park, one of two sites to be used for the coming season’s championship tilts. He plans to be on the sidelines again with head coach Matt Griesinger as the Titans dream of yet another long postseason run (COVID-19 permitting, of course).

While many would think there would be a world of difference in the two long November bus rides after a Division 1 Final with differing results, Nichols believes there really wasn’t.

“The way I saw it, both 2006 and 2019 bus rides had a bunch of exhausted players that fought hard in the pinnacle game of the year,” Nichols pointed out. “I'm not saying there wasn't some pain for the boys to be on the losing side, but in the end I think they still recognized the amazing achievement it was.

“I think everyone that played or watched that 2019 game recognized that it was a moment away from ending in a win,” he continued. “They held their heads high and should command the respect of the program for being only the second team in its history to reach that game.”

Nichols became the varsity assistant coach at West in 2015 after coaching the Titans’ JV two seasons. Griesinger took over the head coaching position at the same time from the Titans’ first coach – and now athletic director – Jason Carmien.

Nichols and Griesinger guided the Titans to Regional appearances in 2015, 2016 and 2019. Nichols said he doesn’t know what to expect in 2020 with all the uncertainties the nation and world are facing.

“The COVID interference has been disastrous on so many levels, and it will certainly disrupt the quality of play for the 2020 fall season,” Nichols said. “We had a strong result last year and have a lot of returning players, so on paper we have the potential for another great season.

“However, the landscape of fall sports and soccer in particular will be so different this year that it's impossible to know how everything plays out,” he continued. “There was a huge loss of development without club soccer or college camps over the spring and summer. From my perspective, the best way to help is to make sure players come into the season fit and focused.”

Nichols, whose wife Andrea gave birth to their daughter Quinn after last season, expects to have an impact on future generations regardless of how sports weather the impact of COVID-19.

“The game finds its way into the hearts of kids much earlier than they meet me, but I really enjoy being a positive influence on their growth and appreciation for what the game can offer,” he said. “I don't pretend to be the absolute authority on anything, but I have perspective to share and hopefully the time spent in our program will foster their appreciation of the game itself and the skills (and) values it can teach you.”

The West program has produced two Michigan Mr. Soccer Award winners during the school’s 20-year history in the sport, Dalton Michael (2016) and Casey Townsend (2006 and 2007). Nichols has ties to both.

Michael and his twin brother Donovan are now playing at Western Michigan University, and both played under Nichols. Townsend went on to a stellar career at University of Maryland and played in Major League Soccer. He was the No. 5 overall pick in the 2012 MLS draft and played for Chivas USA and DC United. All of that came after he scored the only goal in that 2006 Division 1 Final, with Nichols a teammate.

Nichols, a midfielder who went on to play at Hope College, made the all-state third team with nine goals and five assists as a senior that fall at West. He and Townsend had played side by side since their beginning soccer days at Traverse Bay Area Youth Soccer and with its premier club, NorthStorm.

“I sometimes forget just how much Casey has accomplished because first and foremost he is just a goofball friend of mine,” Nichols said. “We played together in our formative years, so even though he was the difference-maker in a lot of games, it was hard for us to recognize just how high his ceiling was at the time. Clearly we found out when he progressed into college and the professional leagues, and it was a blast to watch.”

Carmien, the coach of the 2006 championship team, recalls the connection Nichols and Townsend had.

“Drew scored some big goals and really was an anchor to our team,” Carmien said. “Drew caused a lot of turnovers and created transition scoring opportunities by combining with Casey or playing balls in behind defenses.”

Carmien anticipates Nichols will continue with Griesinger to foster the Titans’ success.

“Drew was a great player, he was a key piece in some very good Titan teams,” Carmien said. “I am proud to see him on the sidelines, working with our kids at practice and still involved in the program.  We have alumni that still follow us each fall, and last year was a lot of fun; (I’m) glad Drew was a part of it, and hopefully we can have continued success.”

Carmien and Griesinger have impacted Nichols’ coaching style, which is also linked to his studies abroad as a student at Hope. He played some soccer in the Spanish cities of Murcia and Pontevedra as he earned academic honor roll recognition all four years at Hope.

“My expertise comes from my development as a player through high school, college, and afterwards playing and engaging the soccer community in a variety of countries,” Nichols said. “My coaching style comes heavily influenced by Jason Carmien, the founding father of the West soccer program.

“He trained me as a high school player and then again as a coach when I joined the staff around 2013,” Nichols elaborated. “Of course, more recently, head men's coach Matt Griesinger has challenged our staff and the program to exceed the high standards set by Jason.”

Nichols is not a school teacher. He manages payrolls for several companies as the director of operations for Integrative Payroll Services in Traverse City. Still, he intends to stay with coaching for the foreseeable future.

“My ‘career’ goal is to merely engage the soccer community where I live and stick around as long as I can offer value,” he said.  “Obviously I was drawn to give back to the program I participated in as a player, and that's as far as it will likely go. With my daughter's birth this year, odds are good that you'll see me in the girls coaching pool in a few years.”

Rest assured, no matter where he is, Nichols will always remember the feeling of winning a state championship.

“It was amazing,” he said. We had a chip on our shoulder the whole playoff run since we were the nobodies from up north, so to win brought a mixed bag of feelings – excitement, accomplishment, relief, vindication,” he said.

“We didn't play particularly well, but most teams don't once they make it to that game. Nerves take their toll, just like with a big rivalry game, so anything can happen. That has become even clearer now that I have coached both rivalry games and a state Final. That day we were fortunate to have a future All-American to clinch it for us.”

But, as a coach, Nichols said he is “hoping to leave it one of many in the West program trophy case.”

Made in Michigan 2020

July 17: Miss Tennis Serving Now as 'Hero Coach' - Read
July 9:
Joplin Always Has Known Value of Home - Read
June 24: Fracassa's Remarkable Records Still Rule - Read
June 16: Muskegon Grad Casts "Magic" in HBO Series - Read

Tom Spencer is a longtime MHSAA-registered basketball and soccer official, and former softball and baseball official, and he also has coached in the northern Lower Peninsula area. He previously has written for the Saginaw News, Bay County Sports Page and Midland Daily News. He can be reached at with story ideas for Manistee, Wexford, Missaukee, Roscommon, Ogemaw, Iosco, Alcona, Oscoda, Crawford, Kalkaska, Grand Traverse, Benzie, Leelanau, Antrim, Otsego, Montmorency, Alpena, Presque Isle, Cheboygan, Charlevoix and Emmet counties.

PHOTOS: (Top) Drew Nichols was a standout midfielder for Traverse City West during the mid-2000s, and led from the sideline as the Titans’ assistant varsity coach during last season's Division 1 Final. (Middle) Nichols, left, enjoys a celebratory photo in 2006 with then-West coach Jason Carmien and teammate Dan Kellogg. (Below) Nichols and his wife welcomed a daughter after last season. (Photos courtesy of Drew Nichols.)

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