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Driving Heat Blue Collar Lover #1 PDF ¹ Driving Heat ↠ eBook multi channel.co

Day delivers a lively romance RT Book ReviewsThe Blue Collar Lover SeriesMeet the Carter brothers five hard working men with a lot to offer They may not be wealthy but they're rich in integrity and loyalty not to mention sex appeal They just need the right women to share their worldAt thirty eldest brother Byron hasn't dated seriously in a while not since he became a single dad to his beloved baby girl Besides he's found that most women can't see past his job as a bus driver and he's not interested in that type of superficial foolishness When he meets Cynthia Hall her disinterest is obvious Still there's something about herCynthia has been successful in her career and unlucky in love But those two worlds collide when Byron ends up in her office on business It's a coincidence that casts him in a very different light than she's previously seen Too bad he's not the upscale professional Cynthia had in mind Yet given the chance she might discover that while money can't buy happiness a loving and passionate man can

10 thoughts on “Driving Heat Blue Collar Lover #1

  1. says:

    All of this and Cynthia continued her time with Byron It was the most irrational defiant thing she'd ever done yet she'd never before felt so special and freeCynthia is a wealthy upper middle class very upper social worker She doesn't have to work but she does anyway She is also a single mother to an 8 year old son Jayden He is the result of an affair with a married man He's never met his piece of shit fatherWhen her car breaks down in Compton she's forced to take gasp public transportation which is where she meets the cocksure and playful Byron Carter a bus driver He is a single father of a 10 year old girl of whom he has primary custodyThey fall in loveThis book is very difficult to review and rate because it is such a blend of good and bad Let's start with the GOODTHE GOOD Day is great at writing in two voices We're always in the third person but both Cynthia and Byron have very distinct ways of speaking and thinking This is very hard for authors I have to give Day props here Day also discusses in the introduction to the book that she wanted to infuse the romance genre with some regular guys at the reuest of her readers and I have to say that this is an excellent idea She's calling this series The Blue Collar Lovers and I really like this The men I date and love in real life are certainly NOT the billionaires rich ranchers doctors lawyers and FBI agents which populate contemporary romance novels I would LOVE to read books about lawn maintenance workers retail workers construction workers farmers butchers plumbers and electricians These are the men I know and love and these are the men who are than capable of turning you outI actually sneer and am skeptical when I read about billionaires and rich men in romance novels Men who are born with everything and have everything and never have to work for anything they don't know the value of a dollar or the meaning of hard work or how to do jackshit are very much a turn off for me HUGE TURN OFF And yet this is what usually populates romanceI'd rather read about a hard working lawn care worker with calloused hands struggling to make rent any day of the week Another amazing risk Day takes here is making Byron have a normal body He has a pooky tummy no 6 or 8 pack abs here His flabby little tummy isn't only mentioned once because Day is not a fucking wishy washy half asser She makes sure to mention it on multiple occasionsThe reason I mention this is because I cannot even count the number of times I read a book that promises me a fat heroine only to have her weight mentioned maybe ONCE in passing and then never ever brought up again so the readers don't have to think about a fat person against their will or something It's fucked up and lameNot that Byron is fat he's just what I consider typical Most guys have a bit of a stomach I would actual like to read romances that feature heavy guys I adore heavier guys mmmmm yummy but I guess people think bigger men are unattractive? Sad I certainly don't Byron doesn't fall into what I would consider 'heavy' territory he just has a bit of a dough boy stomach but still it was brave and bold of Day to put this in her novelYou rock Day She makes her hero Byron 5'9 It is SO RARE to see a man under 6 feet in romance novels Extra points for Day in making Byron shorter than the average hero Here's another one Byron has a six inch cock Yeah No monster cock here No 'will it fit?' here I loved seeing a realistically sized penis in the book and I praise Day's choice but on the other hand there were flaws with this For one thing every woman in the book acts as if Byron's penis is little It's thick but so shortWhat she'd seen was totally not what she'd expected One of the reasons she'd decided to sleep with a non DHOP but would never admit to anyone other than herself is because of what Lisa had told her about men from the hood According to her they all had ten inch dicks tongues like a serpent and were freakier than a one legged dog riding a bicycle at the circus Since becoming sexually active only one of the four men with whom she'd been intimate had come close to Lisa's description Jayden's father It's part of the reason that to get over him she had to leave the state Her college sweetheart and first love had been okay the one after that was slightly above mediocre but he was a DHOP a doctoral graduate at twenty six and her parents adored him and her most recent guy who couldn't handle the distance could rarely go the distance Premature ejaculation was the worst Thank God for oral or orgasm would never have been achieved But not only was he a DHOP who fit into her circle perfectly his parents were noted members of Tennessee's Black Bourgeouis or bur ghees as Lisa called them and he was a member of the coveted Sigma Pi Phi Her mother was furious when they'd split There had been a horrible fight about it one of the many this motherdaughter duo had endured Cynthia had come precariously close to being disrespectful and telling her mother to go eff him herself and had run out of the room to prevent it from happeningThat day on the bus when she locked eyes with Byron and her body reacted she attributed part of the reason to what she imagined existed between his big legs When she turned and found him naked she'd expected to see a chocolate ruler swinging like a pendulum or a mushroom tipped python that could almost be thrown over his shoulder Instead she gets a weenie?I'm like It's six inches Please get over yourself It annoyed me the way everyone acted as if this was really small This isn't pornwhispers in Carmen's earOkay okay it's a romance novel but it's not erotica and it's certainly not visual porn I'm unclear as to why romance heroes have to have 11 inch dicks okay??This trait also led to a lot of laughter on my part because like his stomach Day can't just mention it and let go So you get sex scenes like this Because his plan his goal was simple to leave this girl turned out and thoroughly whipped to meet skin as smooth and bare as a baby No hair Damn I'm going to tear this up Cynthia raised her body off the bed anxious for his tongue to be back on her skin his average sized penis to be inside herLOL LOL LOL I was dying of laughter Cynthia is a thin woman with B cups He'd dated a skinny woman here and there but for the most part Byron liked his women thick and juicy The woman on top of him was uickly changing this preference Cynthia removed her pink lacy bra to reveal pert B cup charlies with berry dusted nips Another thing I really enjoyed about this book was Cynthia's difficult long and active struggle to resist becoming her mom who is an absolutely horrible person Her mom is a judgmental scheming looks down on anyone not making six figures meddling stuck up I could go on and on ANYWAY it's very interesting throughout the book to see Cynthia fight her mom's training and be a good kind forgiving personHere's a scene where she sees her son licking his fingers at the dinner table Cynthia began eating deciding to chill out on the etiuette tips and refrained from demanding he not only chew with his mouth closed but be still as well When her brother Jeff was Jayden's age he did the very same thing When she was Jayden's age her mother did the same thing to her critiue and instruct every gesture and movement She'd hated it and even now was self conscious as a result She watched as he reached for a grape with his fingers and remembered her aversion to Byron licking his in public We are not in public baby Enjoy your food She wants to correct Byron's behavior Jayden's behavior her son and feels shame at her own behavior for stuff as simple as laughing out loud in public Her mom did a real number on her is what I'm saying There was no pretty answer to this ugly truth and no discussing the eually regretful reason why Jayden had never met his father On the other hand Cynthia's world revolved around this little boy Even single raising him was a joy But she'd give anything to go back in time and change the sperm donor Amazing how one short month could so irrevocably change one's life and affect many others Her parents brother godmother and one of her mother's good friends had all felt scandalized when she announced her pregnancy When the identity of the father was revealed leaving no doubt that marriage was off the table her cloak of heady accomplishments was replaced by a tattered shawl of shame Mortified and banished to upstate New York to have her child in secret she'd danced with the idea of ending it all The only reason she didn't was sitting at the table picking up pieces of fruit with his fingersIn a way Byron's tendency to act silly and goofy even in public is a turn on for Cynthia She's only been with these uptight pretentious smarmy assholes and it's slightly shocking but also relieving for her to be around a man who is comfortable with who he is and what he does Byron often teases her by acting goofy in public or private and it always makes her smile These were cute scenes He gives her orgasms and even multiple orgasms a first for her I found this touching as her friend said Girl please don't tell me this is the first time that happened You've already had a baby and are how many years old?You wouldn't BELIEVE how many women have never had an orgasm NEVER HAD AN ORGASM I'm talking about women in their 20s 30s 40s and beyond And men don't care they don't fucking care And I'm like If he's not making you cum dump his ass and get with someone who will and they're all like But I can't leave him I'll never find anyone like him And I'm like Girl you are LIVING WITHOUT ORGASMS Doesn't he care? Doesn't he care you're not having fun in bed????? The sad thing is that if you've never had one you don't have a clue what you are missing or what your friends are going on and on about And lots of women are too shy to masturbate so they've never even given themselves oneIt's fucking sick this fucking woman hating culture Don't masturbate and breaking up with a man who doesn't give you orgasms is stupid What a hateful and completely damaging message Can you imagine A MAN living in an orgasm less relationship? I think notSo I was seeing the truth Day was writing here Obviously Byron has been reading my reviews and taking notes But a real man doesn't take from a woman man It's the other way around A real man has too much pride to let a woman give him everything while he gives nothing back not even exclusive access to his dick He definitely wouldn't brag about it That's not a man Barry That's an assholeHe knows the difference between being a man and being a piece of shit The book is pretty on point with having realistic dating and two people slowly getting to know each other before falling in love No instalove here Byron is really good at listening to what Cynthia is saying being there for her giving her good advice and being a safe person for her to talk to He stands up to her he stand up to others he will come through and protect her whether it's from a predatory man or from her own mother LOL Each of the MC's children are normal children Not precocious not overly cutesy not precious beyond words Normal sometimes annoying sometimes sweet kids This is very rare It's very rare romance novelists write kids as actual kids and not plot devices to enhance sweetnessTHE UGLY THE SEXIt's terrible laugh out loud terrible He led this timeless dance of love with precision establishing a rhythmic beat with his hips a melody with his lipsIs this enough for you huh? No answer just eyes back mouth slack His hips stopped mid motion I didn't hear youYes she eked out between pants She moved feverishly the spot he'd branded missing its iron PleaseFor long minutes this continued until her panting became labored Though not a singer as this first orgasm began in her core and spiraled to her cranial her voice went from a guttural low tenor moan to a respectable High C sueak Some men would consider themselves finished after such a performance But for Byron Carter if there weren't multiple moments of ecstasy for his woman then he felt he wasn't doing his jobListening to her breathy mewling as her body twitched and muscles gripped his still hard rod he felt his own imminent climax begin to build Using discipline honed in the sixteen years he'd been sexually active he stopped held himself against her as she relaxed beneath him And how about this Goose bumps appeared a seeming contradiction to the hot breath coming from his mouth or the way Cythia's body arched when he laved his tongue across the now pebbled protrusion before gently sucking it into his oral entrance Her body was his breakfast and he ate his fill turned her over and filled her up Moans grunts and heavy breaths replaced the bird's good morningSweet release was the dew that moistened their skin Again she began to tremble her voice repeating its earlier song eyes shut toes curled This time Byron joined her ground himself into her velvety softness as liuid love flowed from his soul to hers Penis Terms Used in This BookRodhis six inch supersexer his burgeoning manhood His soldier began to saluteHis hardening tool His instrumentHis totally magical pocket trumpetHis candy caneVulvaHer velvety softnessher freshly showered treasure her treasureVaginaHer voidSweet pot of honeyClitorisHer uivering pearlHer pulsating pearlCunnilingusHe devoured the flowerOral assaultLapping the nectar from her private paradiseKissingTheir lips met and it felt like clouds bumping into each other in a rainbow sky FingeringThe melody his fingers played in her music box They also have condomless sex one time Only once but I'm like You're both single parents What are you doing???THE BAD Byron really rubbed me the wrong way sometimes He often prompted Cynthia to praise him which I find very annoying I also didn't like the way he acted during sex When they are going to have sex for the first time in a hotel he just But you can't go with me until you take off your clothes All of them he said over his shoulder walking to the bathroom in nothing but his boxers When I come back in here I want you in the bed buck nakedI was hoping for some mutual undressing and some soft words and some sweet sweet things to happen but he was just like Get naked and get in bed Aw this would make me feel sad inside no lie I would be a sad little CarmenAlso he doesn't snugglecuddle after sex Which completely is at odds with his normally hugging cuddling personality But he has this 'thing' about 'leaving women wanting ' or something and he leaps out of bed immediately after sex It's annoying I want snuggles and cuddles after sex So does Cynthia And the fact that he's doing it in some misguided attempt to keep his woman panting for makes it even worse This never gets resolved BTW Another thing is that if I were Byron I would be very upset at how Cynthia was treating me She hides him away doesn't tell anyone about her relationship with him acts basically like she's ashamed of him When she takes him to a fancy party one time she makes him rent a tux get a manicure and cut his mini afro and THEN has the nerve to tell people he's a transportation director instead of a bus driver Luckily Byron has too much self respect for this shit and he immediately corrects her lies But I mean I would stop seeing someone who treated me like this He takes it in stride and is very patient with her Luckily this is a romance novel and she ends up seeing the error of her ways but in real life he would be the side piece until she got tired of him and married a very rich man who was a smarmy asshole He kind of harasses her when she gets on his bus during that first meeting Actually I thought he was acting like a creeper but I guess she found it charming and I was supposed to find it charming? I found it rude and skeevy I hate being told to smile I hate that he tells her It's a good thing you're fine I'll allow you to stay on the bus and shit I mean maybe this passes for flirting?And he disrespectfully talks about loosening her up and getting her to drop her rigid demeanor through sex when they aren't even really dating yet and I found his insinuations to be disrespectful There's some horrible sentences in here like The ex high school and college football standout before a knee injury ended his promising career had his eyes on the TV screen but his mind was on the sexy woman who'd brightened his bus He liked them chocolate but something about all that butterscotch beauty had him ready to change flavorsCome on That's very awkwardSIDE NOTEThis guy on the cover was pretty much exactly how I pictured Byron but that woman on the cover is very very far from who I was picturing Cynthia asTL;DR Well This was such a mixed bag It was warm fresh funny and pretty realistic I loved that Day boldly wrote a hero who was 5'9 with a six inch cock and a doughboy stomach Major points I liked how she was able to clearly write two different voices and how she showed the two MCs struggles and bad sides However the sex was BEYOND TERRIBLE I mean really bad REALLY BAD And some of the writing was uestionableI would definitely read another book by Day although I know for a fact she isn't going to improve her sex writing any time soon But I enjoy reading about normal people and not the billionaires and CEOs who populate romance novels I appreciate what Day is trying to do

  2. says:

    ARC Copy Driving Heat was the first contemporary romance book I've ever read like this Zuri Day gave a whole new outlook on the type of hero that is in romance novels This is the first book in the Blue Collar Lover series and I can already tell this series is going to be a 5 star hit Byron Carter is not your everyday romance hero He's not rich and even his body type is not the norm He is just your everyday Joe That doesn't stop the wealthy Cynthia Hall from falling for his charm Although they come from two totally different worlds they still fall for each other I'm excited about this series and I can't wait to read about the Carter boys and the rest of that wacky family

  3. says:

    Meet the Carter brothers five hard working men with a lot to offer They may not be wealthy but they are rich in integrity and loyaltyDriving Heat is a contemporary romance book This is the first book in the Blue Collar Lover seriesByron Carter is not rich He is just your everyday guy Cynthia is wealthy Cynthia and Byron both come from different worlds as they fall for each otherThis book has everything that comes with everyday issues in life Family drama baby momma drama and crazy family issuesThe characters I loved You will be able to relate to each other character The author did a good job in making me see the characters from book to lifeThe storyline is excellent This book will make you laugh and have you yellingI'm excited about this series and can't wait to read Thank you to the author for a wonderful entertaining story

  4. says:

    DNF It's a matter of taste for me here I really like her writing style but I didn't like how Byron talked to Cynthia I get that this is a blue collar series but this went a little far for me The writer went REALLY rough around the edges and simple minded with his character and it was neither funny nor charming for me Am I a posh princess reader? Perhaps I was actually annoyed it didn't bother the heroine I understand this may be a purely personal preference for me but I wasn't sold on this one I will still read another Zuri Day book in the future And probably sooner than you think

  5. says:

    An INTERESTING readNOT at all what I was expectingtwo people from different worldsthey have an INTENSE physical attractionbut they also complement each other and bring out the BEST in each otherByron is uite a COLORFUL characterI love his keep it REAL outlook on lifeand his family and friends kept me LOL at their over the top anticsdespite Cynthia's sheltered upbringing her social and financial background she's a little down to earth than I expectedand I really ENJOYED the chemistry between themand the little lessons they both learned from one another on their journey to lovelooking forward to reading the next book in the Blue Collar Lover Series

  6. says:

    Zuri Day has taken on the task of introducing the Blue Collar brothers In the first installment Byron Carter a respectable bus driver has a chance encounter with the beautiful successful Ms Cynthia Hall and automatically knows she's off limits Cynthia has been raised to find date and marry one kind of man a DHOP You have to read it to find out what this means Being from two different social classes poses a myriad of problems In this book Zuri Day gives an awesome tribute to the Blue Collar man Nice job I especially enjoyed the ending

  7. says:

    Zuri Day is ready to tackle old and controversial topics in Driving Heat Bryon Carter the oldest son of Elizabeth and Willie Carter believed in keeping things real Coming from a big family Bryon was extremely proud of his daughter and his job as a bus driver When Cynthia Hall stepped on his bus he thought “why is this woman in this neighborhood getting on my bus” and “she is hot” Cynthia Hall was raised by old school elite parents who believed that you should only socialize with people of money So she believed she needed a husband who could give her the right social and financial status So why did Bryon turn her on?Day brought two completely different characters with two backgrounds together and both were confronted with the same issues stereotypes family baby momma daddy drama self doubt unworthiness single parenting and unexplained attractions Day is excellent with bringing everyday people with everyday issues together to show that we are all the same This story made you yell laugh shake your head and curse a few times as the characters found their happily ever after Readers will anticipate in this seriesAn Advance Readers Copy ARC was received for an honest review By Cilla the BookManiac

  8. says:

    I loved Cynthia and Byron's love Journey It was touching and definitely drama filled And my goodness it was so funny mrs Carter this is the story of a well to do woman who meets the average Joe bus driver and they fall in love But you know there's drama all through it I love the story like a mofo LOL I'm pretty sure you'll love the story I did 3

  9. says:

    Lol this book was actually good I have been having a debate with myself and wondering if Bryon is a big guy or not But when he said muhfa and she started saying it had me dead weak Lol glad she chosen Bryon in the end Lord knows I couldn't stand Cynthia mom at all

  10. says:

    I fell in love with Byron Carter and his whole family including Liz Carter his mother Liz Carter said she was Liz Carter all day long A woman after my heart down to earth and she means what she says and says exactly what she means Cynthia Hall's family was high bougie folks Her mother was a piece of work I'm betting on who should play her in a movie right now Get Cookie from Empire on that one Byron a blue collar worker comes from a nice family with standards rules and love Byron was in love with Cynthia the moment she entered his bus from a temporary car break down I would not pay to have Cynthia's friends Sometimes when folks are all up in your business means they have no business Bonded together through Leah a client of Cynthia Hall this novel comes together Cynthia is a Social Worker vying for a position as a Director of this Community Based Organization Cynthia's job is to help save adolescents and young adults from steering in the wrong direction with the law Cynthia has a clientele of over forty young adults and is efficient organized and excellent in her position I enjoyed this book through all of it's twists and turns It's definitely a page turner and a delight Getting gripped is a new slang term for me I would assumed that you have a man hooked is what the proper English vernacular would be


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PDF The Black Dog Summer on the Vineyard Cookbook PDF/EPUB í multi channel.co

Black Dog film AlloCin Black Dog est un film ralis par Kevin Hooks avec Stephen Tobolowsky Patrick Swayze Synopsis Le chien noir est une apparition obsessionnelle bien connue des chauffeurs routiers acculs The Black Dog | Discography | Discogs The Black Dog was formerly the trio of Ken Downie Ed Handley and Andy Turner also known at the time as Black Dog ProductionsEd and Andy left to pursue their Plaid project Ken continued with several different line ups of Black Dog before choosing to work with Martin Dust and Richard Dust from Dust Science Recordings after a long break from the music scene Music | The Black Dog The Black Dog Sheffield We make techno Music Shirts CDs Vinyl Community Fragments Preview Pack Thee Singles Volume Allegory Blue Allegory Green Allegory The Black Dog TheBlackDog • Twitter Nous voudrions effectuer une description ici mais le site ue vous consultez ne nous en laisse pas la possibilit BLACK DOG Paris Saint Merri Restaurant Avis Numro Black dog Paris consultez avis sur Black dog not sur sur Tripadvisor et class sur restaurants Paris The black dog Idioms by The Free Dictionary Definition of the black dog in the Idioms Dictionary the black dog phrase What does the black dog expression mean? Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary What does the black dog expression mean? Legacy – The Black Dog The Captain brings a black labboxer mix aboard and names her Black Dog after the character in Robert Lewis Stevenson's Treasure Island The man the boat and the dog are nearly inseparable The Captain purchases an old seaside inn in Vineyard Haven where he and the dog play host to sailors from all over the world They sit by the fire sharing drinks and stories Summers are busy Le BLACK DOG | In Metal We Trust div idTONRa href; onFocusthisblur titleLE BLACK DOG BARimg srcblackdoggif borderadiv Black Dog Institute Mental Health Research for The Black Dog Institute acknowledges the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the first inhabitants of this nation and the traditional custodians of the lands where we live learn and work We recognise all Australian communities who through their lived experience help to guide the research and resources developed at the Black Dog Institute Sign up for the latest news from Black Winston Churchill and his 'black dog' of greatness Churchill knew it and named it his “black dog” following Samuel Johnson who like many great men suffered from the great disease of manic depression Churchill was so paralysed by despair

2 thoughts on “The Black Dog Summer on the Vineyard Cookbook

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plymouth_raiders_568Former GB under-20 international Louis Sayers is excited about the opportunity to play in the BBL after signing for the Plymouth Raiders.

“I’m really excited to be playing in the BBL this season! Although I know I’m more than capable of contributing, it’s going to be a step up for me and I’m ready for the challenge.”

The 21 year-old arrived at the club last week and is already enjoying his time in Plymouth.

“I’m loving playing for the Raiders! I’ve only been here a short time at the moment but I’m sure I’m going to have a great time here and improve a lot as a basketball player.”

Fans can expect plenty of entertainment from Sayers this season as he looks to be a team player and impress with his pure shooting skills.

He said: “My style of play is energetic. I try to have an impact on the game in multiple ways. The biggest strengths to my game are my 3 point shooting and my unselfishness.

Sayers was brought in by new head-coach Jay Marriott, following the sacking of Gavin Love earlier this month, and ‘is prepared to do whatever the team needs to win’ in any given role.

The 6’6″ Brit makes the move from EBL side Hemel Storm – where he averaged 14 points in Division 1 last season – and Sayers feels that it is important that more players from lower leagues are given the same chance.

“It’s definitely important! The top league in Britain is something young players consciously work towards. The EBL is great preparation for the step up to the BBL. There are still some very talented players who play in the EBL, this gives people like me the chance to compete before making the step up to more talent and bigger bodies in the BBL,” he added.

Sayers arrives as one of the hottest young prospects in the country and he harbours hopes of representing GB at senior level as well as eventually making it to playing in a top league in Europe.

The Peterborough-born shooting guard competed at the Under-20 European Championships for Great Britain in 2012 and was pleased to see the success the team had this year following their historic promotion to Division A.

“Representing GB U20’s was an honour as it always is to play for your country. I gained a lot of confidence from the experience in what I can do and I learned how to play in tough environments and in difficult circumstances.

“It was great to see the success of the GB U20’s this summer, they did our country proud by gaining promotion to Division A and it shows that British basketball is on the rise.”

As far as this season is concerned, he expects Plymouth to be competitive as the club looks to end a baron spell without a trophy since 2007.

“It’s difficult to tell at this stage with it being very early in our preparation but the potential of this team is big and we plan to take the Raiders as far as we can!”

Sayers will make his BBL debut at the end of the month when Plymouth host the London Lions having featured in two pre-season friendlies at the weekend.

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Tag Archives: Mr. Gumpy’s Outing

Mr. Grumpy’s Motor Car

Mr GumpyToday in the K-5/First Grade co-op class, I read the story Mr. Grumpy’s Motor Car by John Burningham. The funny thing was, his name is actually Mr. GUMPY.

I’m not quite sure how I misread it, but from the time I first read the story at home until I read it out loud to the class, I called the main character “Mr. Grumpy.” During the story, I mentioned to the children that I couldn’t figure out why he was called Mr. Grumpy. In most of the illustrations he was smiling — an unusual response to a difficult car ride with a cow, a goat, a chicken, a sheep, a dog, a cat, a rabbit, a boy, and a girl. I would certainly be grumpy after such a ride, but this character wasn’t at all.

I finished the first story and began a second that I had found at the library entitled Mr. Gumpy’s Outing. Of course, I called him Mr. Grumpy, even though he was still smiling as all the other characters piled into his boat. About halfway through that story, I turned the book around to show them something on the cover. It was then one of the children called out (a K-5/First Grader, mind you), “His name is Mr. GUMPY!”

He had read the name on the cover, and he had read it correctly!  Was I ever embarrassed!  All I could do was laugh, and the kids laughed too. At least it made more sense. He was still an incredibly patient man, but now he had a name that suited him better.

I talked with another teacher from the class who covers the last hour. She usually re-reads the story to the children. As she began reading about Mr. Gumpy, though, some of the children asked her to call him Mr. Grumpy instead. 🙂


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Perfect Mobile phone and even lightweight RTG Casino

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2013 Detroit Autorama – First Favorite Pictures

2013 Detroit Autorama – Pikesan’s Picks for Best of Show

MyRideisMe.com’s show sponsor: Auto Meter Gauges

Like last year, I took too many pictures. I couldn’t stop! To do my best to quickly-as-possibly share what I have and what I liked, I’m loading up the MyRideisMe picture gallery. There’s 200 events covered since 2007, so lots to see, something for everyone… including – The Best of the 2013 Detroit Autorama.

The rest of the BEST pictures and info are here.

This wasn’t a Ridler Contender? (Insert confused look here)

1934 Ford 5 Window Coupe
traditional hot rod, custom paint,hot rod and custom car show
Last year, I did a “Shoulda-been Great 8” story from the 2012 Detroit Autorama. I’m putting that story together, and when I do, this will top the list. Not only is the car way-over-the-top RIGHT ON traditional cool… it’s also displayed beautifully and has an amazing Darryl Hollenbeck paint job. It’s called, “Iron Orchid”. Look for more pictures in a feature story soon.

When my 1927 Roadster Grows up:

1927 Ford Model T Roadster
hot rod roadster, model t roadster,hot rod and custom car show
This Brothers Custom Automotive hot rod was parked down in the basement. Just like last year, Brothers brought out the heavy guns with owner Bill’s own roadster. This roadster blew me away. My buddy Chuck Vranas from Street Rodder Magazine thought so too. He handed Bill his Street Rodder Top 100 award at the show.

Altered Wheelbase Fun

1965 Dodge Coronet A/FX
drag racing, A/FX racer car,hot rod and custom car show
Clay Kassuth, owner and pilot of this Max Wedge powered, A/FX REAL race car was great to talk to. He let me know the back wheels were moved forward 15″ and the the front 10″ or so. As it sits, 56% of the car’s weight sits on the back wheels. That’s good enough for ear-to-ear grinning 8.80 passes with the wheels up through 3rd gear! With the “Plastic Fantastic” Ford Maverick funny car behind it, this was one of my favorite spots of the show!

Wagon Master!

1964 Mercury Colony Park Wagon
Woodie wagon, Mercury Wagon,hot rod and custom car show
What can I say? I dig wagons and this one’s got me hooked. Nick Zakarian, who also owns a nasty 1964 Mercury Marauder featured in this “Best Wheels and Tires” story, added air ride and handled the fine details on this 390 Super Marauder equipped wagon. Nick’s also got a great collection of vintage racing jackets.

So these are only FOUR of the 28 “Best of” pictures loaded in the Best of 2013 Detroit Autorama gallery. Take a look and let us know if we shot your car!

Need more 2013 Detroit Autorama??
32 More Picture of the 2013 Ridler Award Contenders Here

Great 8 – Photos from the Moon

2013 Detroit Autorama – 60 Pictures from the Basement

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John, Oklahoma and Don, California

2 Responses

  1. larshoejberg says:

    Nice hearing from you – I’m glad you made it home. We’re just returned to the US and are now staying in and around Glacier N.P.
    Safe riding – give John our regards when you see him. /Lars

  2. Don (Motoman) Williams says:

    Lars & Henrietta, thanks for posting our photo. We arrived home after more than 5 weeks on the road, over 12000 miles and I was able to complete a SaddleSore 1000 (1000 miles in less than 24 hours) for my last moto from near Denver to Riverside, CA.

Leave a Reply


text:
The United Church of Canada

Saint Andrews and Saint David

Contact Information
Office Phone 506-634-3092
Fax 506-633-1319
Primary Contact Rev. John Martin, Worship Leader
Description & Services
Cross Reference Saint Andrews and Saint David
Description of service(s) Sunday services of celebration at 10:00 am. Visit website or contact for information about outreach programs.
Dates Program is Offered Year round
Areas Served St John County
Languages English ; French
Fees None
Location information
Located In Community Saint John
Address & Map
164 Germain St
Saint John, NB E2L 2G4
View Google Map
Accessibility Fully Accessible ; ***Note that accessibility is self-reported. Please contact the organization before arrival***
Other Details
Service Level (50) Non Profit
Service Categories Christian Churches

Please Read This Important Information

The Human Development Council is committed to providing a database that is accurate, up-to-date and comprehensive. However, we are unable to assume any liability resulting from errors or omissions. Inclusion or omission of a program or service is not a comment on its quality. Please contact The Human Development Council to report concerns or to make suggestions.

Records in this database contain links to MapQuest and Google Maps which are provided as a convenience to the user. We cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the maps provided by MapQuest or Google Maps and the user is urged to confirm the location independently.


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Resource: Connection • Install: 5 • Influence: 2

click: Gain 1credit and draw 1 card.

Sometimes it doesn't matter how expensive your rig is, or how many credits are in your account, or even your skill as a runner. Most of the time, a simple handshake and a name are all you need.
Shaper • Matt Zeilinger • Creation and Control 49
All sets:
Links: Decklists | ANCUR
Professional Contacts
MWL Entries

No MWL Entries for this card.

No rulings yet for this card.

Commonly referred to as: ProCo

  • This provides click compression (multiple benefits from a one click) of cards and credits
    • and more card draw is an especially valuable thing to get in click compression as each new card can help you improve your board position
  • Long-term income source

  • As a high-cost Resource, makes you very vulnerable to being tagged
  • The high install cost can be a tempo hit
  • Needs to be installed early in game for best effect, so you really need 3 copies or tutors for it if you want to play it

Notable interactions

  • As a connection, can be tutored by Hostage
  • Breaking News can be scored from installed but unadvanced, or with SanSan City Grid, to leave you tagged for the single click required to trash this
  • Anti-synergy with the excellent Diesel, since that draws cards without ProCo gaining any credits
  • great with fast-tempo econ cards like Modded, Sure Gamble and Daily Casts that cost only zero or one click to provide their economic gain
  • Anti-synergy with Magnum Opus, since they are both expensive cards that demand a lot of clicks used on them to recoup playing them.
  • Can work nicely with Kati Jones as she only uses one per turn, and this provides trickle credit income while she provides a counter-balance burst income

Final Thoughts

  • a powerful supplemental economic engine for decks that want to draw a lot of cards
    • but make sure you have plenty of other economy because each credit you get from this comes with another card you probably want to play - so if they cost more than 1 you can run out of credits or grip really fast.
(Order and Chaos era)
I don't think it's right to say that Diesel is anti-synergistic with this card. If you have this card in your deck you most likely want to draw it, and Diesel helps with that. Diesel is also not bad after you have this, because spending 1 click for 3 cards might still be situationally better than spending 3 clicks for 3 cards and 3 credits. —


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Mini Systems

-Compare Products

Onkyo’s lifestyle audio equipment uses the latest technology and high-quality materials, great for your walk to work or easy-listening on the couch.

Premium Quality & Style

All Onkyo components are built to last and are supported through factory and extended warranties, so let the show go on.


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Television talk show host Montel Williams praised chiropractic on his show aired December 18, 2007. Montel, who suffers from multiple sclerosis (MS), said of chiropractic, “It’s the most amazing thing that has ever happened to me!”

Multiple sclerosis or MS is a painful, chronic, inflammatory disease that causes demyelination of the nerve cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination is the thinning or complete loss of the fatty layer–the myelin sheath–of the nerve cells, which is responsible for the conduction of electrical impulses down those cells. The name multiple sclerosis refers to the scars (scleroses–better known as plaques or lesions) in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. MS has many symptoms, one of which is chronic pain. Montel Williams is no stranger to chronic pain.

According to the well-known talk show MC, he is in pain “24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year”; yet within just two weeks of chiropractic care he can “stand up straight without pain for the first time in over 5 years”. However, it did not take two weeks for Montel to get relief. He says that he experienced almost instantaneous relief from his first chiropractic adjustment. Booyah!

Says Montel, “There is not a person who knows me that will not confirm this…I am walking differently; my pain is less; I have already regained strength in my left leg; my left leg has dropped back down–I found out that my pelvis was tilted–[my legs] are now the same length.”

This is another huge plug for chiropractic. As my illustrious profession gets its fair share of knocks, it’s wonderful to see superstar athletes like Johnny Damon, Tom Brady (read about him and Joe Montana, here) and Lance Armstrong (read the interview with his chiropractor) and well-known celebrities, like Madonna (scroll down for the picture of her getting adjusted in the film, Truth or Dare), Dr. Phil and now Montel Williams endorse chiropractic by telling their incredible success stories.

Bravo, bravo. More people need to experience the miraculous healing power of chiropractic care. And only when highly-regarded public figures stand up to tell their success stories will the masses follow. Thank you Montel for sharing your chiropractic story with the world.

One Response to Montel Williams and Chiropractic

  1. Chiropractor says:

    Good presentation :) Thanks for sharing :)

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All posts by niklas

New website

Here it is, the new website, it will be filled later. The summer has been busy, including some ten gigs each with Ulrika Bodén and Ahlberg, Ek & Roswall and recording Ahlberg, Ek & Roswalls new album. Followed by September, including S:t Olav project, seven concerts with Göran Månsson and Ulrika Bodén and gigs with Ahlberg, Ek & Roswall.  Niklas also been rehearsing with Andreas Ralsgård and Markus Tullberg, Niklas will be guest musician on their upcoming album.


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17: Design Engaging Escape Rooms for Class

Escape rooms have been around for a long time. You can find them in museums all over the world, challenging participants to solve a series of riddles and clues in order to solve a mystery and break out of the escape room.

Some escape rooms are very complex, involving U.V. lights, multiple locks, special codes, and tools hidden everywhere. Others are simpler and cheaper.

Check out this video of a news team trying to break out of an escape room to give you the idea.

As you can see from this video, you can make an escape room as complex as you want, and as expensive as you can afford. But you can also keep it simple and make it free.

Let’s quickly consider a simple example of how the escape room concept could be applied to your English classroom.

Imagine you are introducing The Great Gatsby and you want to share information about 1920s America before diving in. You divide students into groups and give them each a short piece to read about flappers as the first clue.

They quickly realize that certain words in the piece are highlighted. The highlighted words are “to”, “the”, “go”, and “back.” One at a time, the teams realize they must search the back of the classroom to find the next clue.

There they find iPads on a desk that are all queued up to show a short youTube clip about  prohibition.  Under each iPad is a sticky note that says “If you know how to get into a speak easy, you can find the next clue. The password is ‘jazz age.’”

After watching the video and learning what a speak easy is, students rush to the door and find you there, ready to hand them their next clue. When they whisper “jazz age,” you give them a short paragraph about the jazz age and a set of song lyrics from a 1920s jazz song. Together with their groups they read the paragraph and comb through the lyrics, trying to figure out what the secret is.

Finally, they realize three letters are bolded: “k”, “y” and “e.” At the bottom of the lyrics the clue is “Find it where words begin and you’re almost there.” Students realize they can rearrange the letters to spell “k-e-y” and look around for where words begin. After examining your computer keypad, a box of pencils, a dictionary and several notebooks, they find a small key in the chalkboard dust tray. On the keychain tiny letters spell "look." They race madly around the room in search of a lockbox, and finally find one under your desk.

They open it to discover confetti and Smarties candy. You snap their picture with the open box and have them return the key for the next group, then give them their new copies of The Great Gatsby.

I know, I know, thinking through all the steps and laying them out sounds intense. But the more you begin trying to imagine how to mix clues into learning, the easier it seems. Plus, every time you create an escape room you have one you can use forever, to engage hundreds of students in the coming years.

If you're going to D.I.Y. your own escape room, here's a list of component ideas to help you.

D.I.Y. Themes:
  • Introduce context for a novel or poetry unit ("Roar your way through the 20s", "Find your way through the woods with the Transcendentalists," "Abandon the Search for Truth with the Postmodernists"
  • Help a character "escape" from something ("Help Ponyboy Escape Judgment," "Help Emerson Escape Mediocrity," "Can Austen's characters Escape Primogeniture?"
  • Tour important concepts ("The Literary Devices Escape Room: Learn. Laugh. Leave." "The Amazing Annotation Escape: Write your Way Out."
Clue Ideas:
  • You can always hide a clue inside a reading. Put words in bold or a slightly different color that can be rearranged into a clue. Underline letters that can be rearranged into a clue. Number letters that will spell out a clue when put in order.
  • Use technology. Students love videos, why not hide a clue in one? Have students watch a clip to learn information that will help them solve a puzzling question you put on or near the video screen.
  • Use news articles. For example, if you are showing a newspaper article about police shootings in conjunction with a unit on The Hate U Give, you might want to give a clue like "not everyone feels the same when they see the lights in their rearview mirror." Then put the next clue on a mirror in the classroom or taped onto the light switch or a lamp.
  • Use the material you really want covered. If you want students to learn five different literary devices, put in cards with the five devices and the five definitions. When students match them up correctly every pair of cards can have a two word phrase that helps lead them in the right direction. For example, if the next clue is under the book The Scarlet Letter on your book shelf, the clues could say "read red," "find Puritans," "alphabet color," "Nathaniel Hawthorne," and "look under."
  • Use puzzle pieces. You can cut a puzzle out of cardboard or paper, write or draw a clue on it, and hide the pieces in several locations around the room.
Useful Gear:
  • Envelopes for clues
  • Boxes (can be locked or not locked)
  • iPads or other technology you can display digital clues on
  • Tape for sticking clues under things
  • Certificates, Confetti, Prizes, etc. for when they finally find the final box
  • Camera for taking celebratory pictures to display in your classroom
  • High End: U.V. Flashlights, U.V. Pens, Lockboxes, Padlocks, etc. Check out this article from We Are Teachers on "10 Awesome Supplies for Classroom Escape Room Activities." The links are handy if you are looking to purchase gear.
Now that you have some background, and a chance to win some fun gear to help you on your escape room creation quest, let's dive even deeper with Emily Aierstok. I brought her on as my first ever podcast guest because she's the one who first introduced me to escape rooms on her blog, and I love what she has to say about them. The story she tells about her escape room and how engaging it was for her students is what convinced me to do a show about this emerging teaching strategy.

Read on, or listen in on the podcast player below, or on iTunesBlubrry, or Stitcher.

I'd like to highlight a couple of words of wisdom from Emily that I think can REALLY save you time and energy.

#1: Give students guidelines about how to proceed with the escape room. Ask them to take careful care of the clues and the pieces of the game so that the next group(s) will find them just as they should. Ask them to keep their work secret in their groups so everyone can have fun playing.

#2: Gather enough materials at each station that students can play all the livelong day without replenishment. Emily only has three minute passing periods, hopefully you have more time than that! But still, it's nice not to have to set things back up four or five times in a single day.

#3: Create a handout of some kind that all students must fill in as they complete the escape room, so that everyone must actively participate in discovering the answers to the clues and learning the information shared in the game. That way you get more buy-in even from those rare students who are not interested in playing and everyone covers all the territory even if they don't finish first.

If you'd like to learn more about Emily, check out her fabulous site, Read it. Write it. Learn it.
And if you'd like to dive into her Facebook group, "Escape Rooms in ELA," just click here!

A Somewhat Expensive Shortcut

Finally, I'd like to offer a shortcut for those of you who have school money to spend, or want to apply for a grant.

Now that you know what escape rooms are and have an idea how to implement them, you COULD buy into an escape room site that looks pretty great to me. Breakout EDU (for which I am NOT an affiliate) offers a $125 kit that buys you escape room gear but also a membership into their site and the ability to download tons of escape rooms for a variety of classroom needs. If you have a solid chunk of budget available, you might want to get several kits so that you can enable large groups of students (or parents, or faculty!) to play at the same time. You could easily make a case to your administration to buy several kits for teachers all over the school to use, as Breakout EDU has a range of types of breakouts.

I'm a member of one of their Facebook groups, Breakout EDU English Teachers, and you can also find quite a lot of links to escape rooms there. Having their gear kit already makes it easier to use them, but you can always figure out a workaround.

I hope you feel ready and excited to launch into escape rooms with your students! Remember, though it may take quite a bit of time to get going on the first one, it gets easier after that. And you can use the activity year after year.

Want more CREATIVITY in your teaching life? Subscribe to my Podcast  on Apple Podcasts or jump into my Facebook group, Creative High School English. Can't wait to connect with you!

  1. Love your tips and ideas! I'm looking to try and figure out how to do a breakout for my high school seniors for Hamlet. Trying to make it fun for them!!!

    1. Thanks, Melissa! I'm so glad! Did you get the breakout put together for Hamlet? I'd love to hear about it.

  2. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

  3. For those of us who don't have the time or money to buy all of the materials for physical escape rooms, digital escape rooms are extremely convenient. I did one for my kids on Google sites presenting information on the 1920s before reading Gatsby and they loved it! They worked together in our learning lab, which is 6 huge tv screens connected to separate computers. They had a blast!

    1. It sounds amazing! I love hearing that. Your learning lab sounds like a stellar resource, and how wonderful that you could design an activity that take such full advantage of it!

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text:
For citation purposes: Lin HK, Suhail MM, Fung KM, Woolley CL, Young DG. Extraction of biologically active compounds by hydrodistillation of Boswellia species gum resins for anti-cancer therapy. OA Alternative Medicine 2013 Feb 02;1(1):4.

Extraction of biologically active compounds by hydrodistillation of species gum resins for anti-cancer therapy

HK Lin1*, MM Suhail2, KM Fung1,3,4, CL Woolley5, DG Young5

Authors affiliations

(1) Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

(2) AYUB S42 Research, New Salalah, Dhofar State 211, Sultanate of Oman

(3) Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

(4) Oklahoma City Veterans Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

(5) Young Living Essential Oils, Lehi, UT 84043, USA

* Corresponding author Email: hk-lin@ouhsc.edu

Essential oils produced by distillation processes from herbs and plants are traditionally confined to aromatherapy due to the abundance of low-molecular-weight, highly volatile, aromatic compounds. Essential oils are considered to be an alternative treatment that provides supportive care to cancer patients. Similar to the extraction process that involves the use of chemical solvents, essential oils produced from distillation procedures contain high-molecular-weight and biologically active compounds from plant materials. The aim of this review is to determine whether the use of biologically active compounds extracted from the Boswellia species gum resins is beneficial in anti-cancer therapy.

We have demonstrated that frankincense essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation of gum resins from Boswellia species contain complex chemical constituents and possess anti-cancer activity. Frankincense essential oil activates arrays of genes and pathways that suppress the growth and induce the apoptosis of established human cancer cell lines of different tissue origins. Besides boswellic acids, frankincense essential oil-induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in tumour cells may result from high-molecular-weight compound(s). Harvesting methods, storage conditions and geographic locations can alter the chemotypes of the natural product; therefore, good agriculture practices need to be implemented. In addition, standardisation of distillation procedures and identification of signature compound(s) will be required for quality assurance purposes. Results from preliminary clinical observations suggest that frankincense essential oil may be a viable therapeutic agent for treating a variety of cancers.

Aromatic gum resins obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia (family Burseraceae), also known as frankincense, have long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicines to treat a variety of health problems. In addition to their anti-inflammatory activity, frankincense extracts have been shown to suppress tumour development and induce tumour apoptosis in animal models[1,2]. In a human clinical study, a gum resin extract prepared from Boswellia serrata was found to reduce cerebral oedema with anti-cancer activity in patients irradiated for brain tumours[3]. Boswellic acids have been emphasised as the major component responsible for frankincense extract-mediated anti-tumour activity. Purified boswellic acids, particularly acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), exhibit potent cytotoxic activities against cultured human neuroblastoma cell lines[4], meningioma cells[5], leukaemia cells[6], hepatoma cells[7], melanoma cells, fibrosarcoma cells[8], colon cancer cells[9], prostate cancer cells[10] and pancreatic cancer cells[11] in both in vitro and in vivo models. These studies demonstrate that gum resins of Boswellia species contain active ingredients that have potent anti-cancer activity.

Essential oils are extracted by distillation, a process used to extract biologically active compounds from plant materials. In addition to classical uses of essential oils in aromatherapy, we have studied the anti-tumour activities of frankincense essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation of gum resins from Boswellia species. We have demonstrated that frankincense essential oil is highly effective in suppressing the proliferation and inducing the cytotoxicity of various human cancer cell lines in cultures and in an animal model[12,13,14]; however, such anti-cancer effects cannot be entirely attributed to boswellic acids. This review is based on the extraction of biologically active compounds from gum resins of the Boswellia species for anti-cancer therapy.

The authors have referenced some of their own studies in this review. The protocols of these studies have been approved by the relevant ethics committees related to the institution in which they were performed. Animal care was in accordance with the institution guidelines.

Boswellia sacra gum resins and hydrodistillation

Frankincense resins are harvested from deep incisions made into the tree trunk of Boswellia species. This wounding process causes the tree to ‘bleed’ a milky white substance that seals and heals the wound to prevent infection (Figure 1a). To certify the harvest location, species and classification (Figure 1b,1c,1d,1e), B. sacra gum resins were obtained directly from local collectors in the Dhofar Mountain region surrounding Salalah, Sultanate of Oman. To prepare frankincense essential oil, the B. sacra gum resin was processed in a custom-made hydrodistiller in Salalah, Oman[14]. The typical yield of frankincense essential oil by hydrodistillation is 10% (w/w) of gum resins within a range of 8%–13%.

Harvest and grading of B. sacra gum resins. (a) Frankincense tree incision and tears. (b) Hougari Royal (or Najdi) grade resin harvested from desert area to the north of Dhofar State, Oman, northern to monsoon (rainy) area with very little rains. (c) Hougari Superior grade, with a green clear tinge, commonly placed in water by local people to relieve respiratory problems. (d) Hougari Regular grade, the common frankincense gum resin, is used for incense. (e) Hougari Sha’bi grade (the lowest) is harvested from old and dying trees in the coastal areas and areas within the monsoon.

Chemical components

Chemical composition and optical rotation of frankincense essential oils from Boswellia species are determined using chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and polarimetry, respectively. Chemical constituents of frankincense essential oils depend on geographical locations of trees, transportation, storage and processing procedures. We have distinguished the chemical properties (P < 0.0001) of the essential oils hydrodistilled from the gum resins of B. sacra and Boswellia carterii[15]. B. sacra essential oil possesses a positive optical rotation of polarised light (+30.1° with standard deviation of 5.4° for n = 88), while B. carterii essential oil is characterised with a negative optical rotation (-13.3° with standard deviation of 4.9° for n = 39). In addition, chiral GC–MS of the monoterpenes (especially the most abundant α-pinene: 79.0% in B. sacra and 48.2% in B. carterii) with a chiral centre demonstrated the reason for the differing optical rotations. The enantiomeric ratio of the (+)/(-) enantiomers of α-pinene was 8.24 for B. sacra essential oil versus 0.68 for B. carterii essential oil. Four other chiral monoterpenes had a greater abundance of the (+) enantiomer in B. sacra essential oil with (+)/(-) enantiomeric ratios ranging from 2.77 to 7.00, whereas the (-) enantiomer was more abundant in B. carterii essential oil with (+)/(-) enantiomeric ratios ranging from 0.04 to 0.85.

We have found that a quick measurement of the optical rotation by polarimetry can provide additional evidence of the local geographic source of the gum resins. For instance, B. sacra resins harvested from trees in the westerly Mughsayl area of the Dhofar Mountains yield essential oil distinctive of the easterly Hasik area gum resins. Mughsayl frankincense essential oil has a significantly higher percentage (P < 0.0001) of α-pinene (79.0% vs. 48.2%) noted by a similarly higher optical rotation of +30.2° versus +19.3°. Conversely, Hasik area frankincense essential oil contains higher quantities of myrcene (11.4% vs. 1.1%) and limonene (13.6% vs. 3.7%). The higher limonene content of Hasik area gum resins provides a ‘sweet, orange’ aroma that makes it more valuable to resin-burning consumers. These results have been confirmed by a recent report that α-pinene is the principal component and chemotaxonomical marker to identify the botanical and geographic source of B. sacra resins within the Dhofar Mountain range of Oman[16].

Hydrodistillation procedures determine the chemical constituents of the frankincense essential oil. For example, the abundance of high-molecular-weight compounds is positively associated with distillation time and temperature. Longer duration and higher temperature distillations produce greater amounts of high-molecular-weight compounds, such as sesquiterpenes and boswellic acids[13]. Table 1 schematically illustrates time- and temperature-dependent chemical compositions in frankincense essential oils. Based on GC–MS profiling, frankincense essential oil obtained at 100 °C for 24 h consists of more than 300 different identifiable compounds ranging in mass from 72 to 468 amu[14].

Table 1

Temperature- and duration-dependent chemical composition of frankincense essential oils extracted by distillation.

Molecular mechanism of frankincense essential oil-induced cancer cell apoptosis

We have demonstrated that frankincense essential oils prepared from hydrodistillation of B. carterii and B. sacra gum resins at 100 °C for 24 h possess potent growth suppression activity in cultured human bladder, breast, colon and pancreatic cancer cells. The growth-suppressing activity of frankincense essential oils results from a combination of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities[12]. In addition, frankincense essential oil overcomes multicellular resistance and suppresses invasive phenotypes of human cancer cells[14]. More importantly, human tumour cell lines are more sensitive to frankincense essential oil-induced growth arrest and apoptosis as compared with their normal counterparts, and similar results have been observed in cell lines derived from the bladder[12], breast[14] and colon. This is an important and unique characteristic of frankincense essential oil as compared with other essential oils, including lavender, sandalwood and others.

Consistent with results from cell viability assays, several gene products identified as frankincense essential oil-responsive genes are associated with suppression of cell proliferation and arrest of cell cycle progression. Frankincense essential oil up-regulates the expression of anti-proliferative genes, including IL8, CLK1, DLG1, KLF4, NEDD9, CDKN1A, IL1A, IL6, SNFILK, SSTR1, IL1A and IL6, as well as cell cycle arrest genes, including DDIT3, IL8 and CDKNIA in human bladder cancer cells[12]. We have also demonstrated that frankincense essential oil suppresses the expression of cyclin D1 and cdk4 proteins in human cancer cell lines[13,14], and may result in blocking G1/S transition in cell cycle progression in these cells[17,18].

Frankincense essential oil also up-regulates a number of genes that are responsible for apoptosis, which include CDKN1A, DEDD2, IER3, IL6, SGK, TNFAIP3, GAD45B, NUDT2 and others in human bladder cancer cells[12]. In addition, expression of a cell survival gene AXL is suppressed by frankincense essential oil. Consistent with results from boswellic acid-treated HT29 and HepG2 cells[7,19], frankincense essential oil-induced apoptosis is caspase-dependent based on the cleavages and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in various human cancer cell lines[13,14].

Frankincense essential oil activates multiple signalling pathways in cultured human cancer cell lines. We have shown that frankincense essential oil increases the levels of Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) and enhances Erk1/2 activation in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells[13,14]. These results are consistent with reports that boswellic acids and AKBA activate the PI3K/Akt pathway in colon cancer HT29, HCT-116, SW480 and LS174T cells[20] and Erk1/2 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets[21]. Activations of Akt and Erk1/2 pathways in cancer cells by anti-cancer compounds with pro-apoptotic activity have also been reported[22,23]. Significances of frankincense essential oil-modulated PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 pathway activation in inducing tumour cell growth arrest and apoptosis require further studies.

Frankincense essential oil-modulated anti-tumour activity is also observed in vivo. Subcutaneous administration of frankincense essential oil significantly suppresses tumour growth and progression in a heterotopic xenograft human pancreatic cancer mouse model[13]. In agreement with frankincense essential oil-induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in cultured cancer cells, administration of frankincense essential oil suppresses the number of phospho-histone H3 (Ser10)-positive proliferative cells, and increases the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling-positive apoptotic tumour cells as compared with the control group.

Identification of possible anti-cancer components in frankincense essential oil

Frankincense essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation of B. sacra gum resins has been studied to analyse the relationship between chemical composition and anti-cancer activity. We have reported that the abundance of high-molecular-weight compounds is positively correlated with frankincense essential oil-induced cytotoxicity in cultured human cancer cell lines. For example, frankincense essential oil prepared from distillation at higher temperature contains higher amounts of heavy molecular weight compounds and possesses more potent anti-cancer activity[13]. In addition, differential fractionations of frankincense essential oil produce reduced levels of low-molecular-weight compounds, and are significantly more potent than unfractionated essential oil in suppressing tumour cell viability (Figure 2). These results suggest that high-molecular-weight compounds and/or ratios of these compounds play important roles in frankincense essential oil-mediated anti-tumour activity.

A correlation between chemical profile and tumour cell cytotoxicity of frankincense essential oils. (a) GC–MS profiles of crude frankincense essential oil after hydrodistillation and after differential fractionation. (b) Comparison between crude frankincense essential oil and essential oil with reduced low-molecular-weight compounds. Human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with the same concentration of crude and differentially fractionated essential oils in separate wells; and cell viability was determined by the XTT assay at 24 h after treatment. Double asterisks (**) indicate P < 0.01.

Although boswellic acids, especially AKBA, have been enriched or purified from Boswellia species gum resins for studying their anti-cancer property, our results suggest that compounds other than boswellic acids might be equally or more important in frankincense essential oil-modulated anti-cancer activity. For example, contents of boswellic acids in frankincense essential oils are not proportionally related to essential oil-induced tumour cell death[14]. We also observed that frankincense essential oil enriched with high-molecular-weight compounds but with lower boswellic acid contents is significantly more potent in suppressing the viability of cultured human cancer cells. Additionally, frankincense hydrosol, the aqueous distillate of hydrodistilled Boswellia species gum resins, contains up to 15.5% boswellic acids, but did not have detectable cytotoxicity against tumour cells. Another compound, tirucallic acid, purified from B. carterii gum resins, has been found to induce human prostate cancer cell death[24]. With a complex chemical constituent in frankincense essential oil, many components may work synergistically to provide a potent anti-cancer activity. Although it might not be easy to isolate a group of compounds working synergistically, it is important to identify a signature compound(s) that assures consistent biological and anti-cancer activities.

Essential oils for cancer patients have been primarily emphasised as a supportive care for general well-being. Uses of essential oils are generally limited to inhalation or topical application in the United Kingdom and the United States; however, essential oils can be administered orally or internally in France and Germany. Since distillation process is intended to extract biologically active compounds from plant materials without the aid of chemical solvents, essential oils shall contain chemical constituents similar to those extracted from chemical solvents but with higher portions of low-molecular-weight compounds. Thus, essential oils shall be suitable for ingestion as long as signature compounds can be defined, and safety profiles can be established.

Based on a recent report, topical applications of frankincense essential oil distilled from B. carterii gum resins have been shown to be effective in the treatment of malignant melanoma in horses[25]. A similar approach can be applied to patients with bladder cancer, if appropriate doses of frankincense essential oil can be administered into the bladder through instillation.

Frankincense gum resins are used as a component in anti-cancer drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. A chemical extract of B. serrata gum resins has been investigated as an anti-cancer agent in patients irradiated for brain tumours, with no severe adverse effects being observed[3]. In an ongoing phase II clinical trial, a chemical extract of Boswellia species gum resins is studied as an adjuvant agent in patients with high-grade gliomas[26]. Frankincense essential oil obtained from them B. sacra gum resins has been further fractionated and administered to patients suffering from various types and stages of cancers in Arabic nations for oral ingestion. The fractionated frankincense essential oils have lower levels of low-molecular-weight compounds (proprietary information), and have been shown to have reduced adverse symptoms, including light-headedness, irritated stomach or diarrhoea. Patients responded positively after receiving a defined volume with specific chemical components of frankincense essential oil for a specific period of period (data not shown).

To prepare frankincense essential oil for anti-cancer therapy, standardised procedures to harvest, store and process Boswellia species gum resins have to be established to obtain consistent results. In addition, before the active ingredient(s) in frankincense essential oil is identified, standardisation of the product using GC–MS and high-performance liquid chromatography is our best approach to assure quality and efficacy. Although no serious safety and toxicity issues have been raised in animal models and patients receiving oral administration of frankincense extracts[27,28,29,30,31], the safe dose of essential oil needs to be defined for cancer therapy, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of the essential oil need to be determined. Course to cancer recovery using frankincense essential oil may be very different from our current understanding of tumour regression using chemotherapy, radiation therapy or targeted therapy. The frankincense essential oil may activate the hosts’ inflammatory responses to suppress tumour progression by its anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, additional clinical studies are required to understand the mechanism of frankincense essential oil-suppressed tumour progression in human subjects.

Frankincense essential oil obtained from the hydrodistillation of Boswellia species gum resins possesses anti-cancer properties by activating multiple signalling pathways, cell cycle regulators and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Safety and efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as tumour and patient responses of systemic frankincense essential oil administration need to be studied. Frankincense essential oil can be a novel and alternative therapeutic agent to suppress cancer progression and metastasis with minimal adverse effects when an appropriate dose is defined.

Abbreviations list

AKBA, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid; GC, gas chromatography; MS, mass spectrometry.

Author Contribution

All authors contributed to the conception, design, and preparation of the manuscript, as well as read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

CL Woolley and DG Young are affiliated with Young Living Essential Oils. The rest of authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Conflict of interests

None declared.

All authors abide by the Association for Medical Ethics (AME) ethical rules of disclosure.

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Temperature- and duration-dependent chemical composition of frankincense essential oils extracted by distillation.

Library/ID Area (%)
78 °C 0–2 h 78 °C 9–10 h 78 °C 0–12 h 100 °C 12 h
trans-β-Caryophyllene 0.02 0.02 0.28 0.62
α-Humulene 0.03 0.01 0.11 0.17
Allo-aromadendrene 0.02 0.06
γ-Muurolene 0.01 0.05 0.10
Germacrene D 0.02 0.09
β-Selinene 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.45
α-Selinene 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.24
γ-Cadinene 0.04 0.07
δ-Cadinene 0.01 0.05 0.14
Caryophyllene oxide 0.02 0.05


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Pilot for sale with extras
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Canada Geese Egg Depredation Tactics

Canada geese will typically lay 6-12 eggsOhio Geese Control works with the Division of Wildlife to ensure the overall population of Canada geese is in balance when implementing egg depredation. It is always necessary to implement other harassment techniques to try and remove the Canada geese naturally from a location before egg depredation is incorporated into your Canada geese control program.

If non-lethal tactics have been used in the past, without success, the Division of Wildlife may issue a lethal permit to allow the landowner to manage egg depredation.  These permits can only be used March 11 through August 31.

There are three ways to properly manage egg depredation:

  1. Oiling eggs prevents gases from diffusing through an egg’s outer membranes and pores in the shell, thereby causing the embryo to die of asphyxiation. Typically, the eggs are taken out of the nest, covered with an oily substance by brushing, dunking, or spraying, and then replaced in the nest.
  2. Addling (or shaking) involves vigorously shaking the eggs until sloshing is heard, thus destroying the embryo.
  3. Puncturing is done by pushing a thin, strong pin through the shell, which introduces bacteria. The pin can be rotated inside the egg to ensure that the embryo is destroyed. The eggs are treated and replaced so that the female goose continues to incubate in a futile attempt to hatch the eggs.

It is suggested that, in the interest of humane treatment, these techniques be performed as early in incubation as possible. If eggs are simply removed, geese generally re-nest and produce another clutch.

Ohio Geese Control will work with our clients when, proper permits are obtained, to manage and record eggs. If you need assistance with your Canada geese pest control methods, contact us for a free site visit at 1-877-91GEESE.