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Catch Basins

Dieuwertje Kast

A man sits in his car finishing his lunch: a hamburger wrapped in paper and stuffed into a cardboard box, itself crammed into a paper bag. Now, while the burger works its way down his digestive tract, along with the French fries and the soda, lunch is over and there is a mess to clean up. Paper and plastic products-cup, wrapper, straw, and a cardboard drink holder-now litter the passenger seat. The man sees a storm drain close at hand, a quick way to clean up after lunch. Ignoring the stencil of the fish skeleton on the sidewalk, he stuffs his trash into the drain, confident that the mess has gone away.

But trash does not simply disappear, never to resurface: a plastic six-pack holder wraps around a brown pelican’s webbed feet. An endangered sea turtle chokes to death on a plastic bag it mistook for a sea jelly. Industrial pollutants poison a sea lion, causing permanent neurological damage.

Fortunately, this man’s trash is caught by a catch basin that protects the Los Angeles River. Catch basins are chambers or holes alongside roads that allow surface runoff to enter storm drains, and are designed to trap trash, debris, and sediment. The catch basin that caught his trash stopped it from its normal route of storm drain to beach, where the wrapper and other waste could have damaged oceanic wildlife.

Catch basin numbers have increased around the Los Angeles River in response to Proposition O, and the EPA’s rating that resulted in the quota of Trash Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL). They now divert thousands of tons of trash away from the ocean and into landfills.

The thousands of catch basins around Los Angeles have reduced the amount of trash entering the river significantly; however there still are not enough to prevent all trash flow to the ocean. According to California Regional Water Quality Control Board, there are a total of 35,000 catch basins over the 1,500 miles of underground pipes and 100 miles of open channels that make up Los Angeles’ storm drain system, through which about 100 million gallons of water flow on the average dry day. Additionally, there are an estimated 367,500 gallons of trash extracted from the Los Angeles Watershed per year.

A watershed, such as the one in Los Angeles, is the land area where water collects and drains onto a lower level property or drains into a river, ocean or other body of water. A watershed demonstrates the interaction of water with the environment, which includes people and industries, connecting all organisms that use and consume water, like humans, animals, and plants. According to California Regional Water Quality Control Board, the Los Angeles River Watershed covers a land area of over 834 square miles and contains and is shaped by the Los Angeles River itself. Major tributaries of the Los Angeles River include Burbank Western Channel, Pacoima Wash, Tujunga Wash, and Verdugo Wash in the San Fernando Valley; and the Arroyo Seco, Compton Creek, and Rio Hondo south of the Glendale Narrows. The Los Angeles River Watershed has 22 lakes surrounding it, such as Devil Gates Dam, Hansen Basin, Lopez Dam, Pacoima Dam, and Sepulveda Basin. The L.A. watershed is supposed to contain adequate water safe for drinking and swimming but the conditions of the river tell otherwise. The Los Angeles River Watershed water quality has been decimated in the middle and lower portions of the basin due to runoff from commercial, industrial, and residential activities.

In 2005, the EPA labeled the Los Angeles River as “impaired” because the water quality did not sustain certain beneficial uses, in accordance with the federal Clean Water Act. The Water Quality Control Plan for the Los Angeles Region mentions that the water of the Los Angeles River must not contain floating materials such as solids, liquids, foams, and scum, and that the water cannot contain suspended or settable material in concentrations that that will be a nuisance to the river’s beneficial uses such as fishing or swimming.

The Trash Total Maximum Daily Load mentioned before was the first TMDL implemented in the Los Angeles River after the EPA deemed the Los Angeles River not safe enough for recreational activity or as a source of drinking water. The TMDL goal for the river is to reduce trash pollution by 100 percent by the year 2015. To manage this, the city must isolate its primary high trash-producing areas and instate strategies like street sweeping, catch-basin cleaning, trash pickup, and anti-littering police enforcement to be able to clean up the river.

Proposition O, through its Catch Basin Screen and Insert Project, has allowed for the installment of approximately 14,300 catch basin covers and 7,400 catch basin inserts to divert trash away from the Los Angeles River.

The trash that accumulates in the catch basins is collected twice a year by the Wastewater Collection Services Division of the Los Angeles Sanitation Department.

Jimmy Tonlin, a catch basin cleaner for the Department of Sanitation, says that he is responsible for cleaning the catch basins in South-East Los Angeles, and major parts of the San Fernando Valley. “We are supposed to clean the catch basins twice a year but my team and I clean them three times a year” to prevent overflow, he said. Tonlin and his team clean the catch basins using a vacuum pump, and then take the trash and sediment they collect from the trap to the Hyperion Water Treatment Facility, which deposits the trash into a landfill in the local area.

According to Ginachi Amah, a Water Resources Control Engineer for the Los Angeles Region of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, “placing inserts into catch basins costs on average $800 per insert. Thus the cost for implementing 150,000 catch basin diversions over the 574 square miles of the Los Angeles River Watershed, the total required to retrofit the entire watershed, is $120 million”, which would come out of California tax payers’ pockets she said. Also, to decrease the amount of trash going into the catch basins, street cleaning must be done at least monthly, which costs on average $20 per curb-mile.

Even with the catch basins diverting about 1,537 tons of trash a year, there is still plenty of trash in the river. The Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR) do yearly cleanups, with help from their 2,210 volunteers. They collected 37,440 pounds of trash in 2007, trash that the catch basins missed. According to FoLAR’s collection data, the most common items of trash found during the 2007 cleanup were plastic bags, candy wrappers, chip bags, and Styrofoam cups. These items can choke, smother, suffocate and kill marine life, especially aquatic birds.

Since federal funding is not available to do annual water quality monitoring of the Los Angeles River, FoLAR is doing it independently. To test the water quality, they calculated the pH, temperature, amount of nutrients, turbidity (clearness of the water), total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen content, and examine how abnormal readings of these measurements correlate to negative consequences for the river habitat and ecosystem. The Los Angeles River failed to meet the “normal” good water guidelines determined by those standard measurements, and consequently received an F on FoLAR’s River Report Card in 2005. FoLAR monitored 22 sites along the Los Angeles River, which on average scored no higher than a D grade.

To clean up the river, FoLAR not only run river cleanups but it also maintains private incentives to keep the river clean with its “adopt-a-river” program, promoting environmental awareness and public action while focusing mainly on issues that affect the Los Angeles River. The adopt-a-river program started for the Los Angeles River by FoLAR involves not only private interests for keeping the rivers clean, but also invites school groups and volunteers to participate in river clean-ups. These volunteers pick up trash, while the private interests donate money for such efforts. The program’s sponsors, the city of Los Angeles and the private interests or stakeholders, coordinate with public education systems to increase communal awareness of the problem in our rivers. Essentially, the adopt-a-river program is all about the clean-up, maintenance and improvement about, and education about the Los Angeles River.

There are many ways that the average person can clean up the Los Angeles River thereby increasing the effectiveness of catch basins from their own backyards. Throw all trash into the proper receptacles, including the ubiquitous cigarette butts found all over Los Angeles beaches and especially in the Los Angeles River. When cleaning the sidewalk, instead of wasting water, use a broom and a dustpan instead; it prevents debris from washing down the drain with the water going to the ocean. Do not over-water lawns, and to increase the cost-effectiveness of water usage, water lawns at night to decrease evaporation rates. Never use fertilizer before a rainstorm, as the excess nutrient content, nitrogen in particular, increases the algal blooms in the river which suffocate the native fish. Finally, pet waste is extremely harmful to the river; pick up after your pet to prevent ruining an $800 catch basin.

Catch basins are vitally important in protecting Los Angeles’ aquatic environments from harm. No one wants to go to a beach littered with cigarette butts and packing peanuts. No one wants to see the river clogged with old tires and fast food trash. If everyone simply picked up after himself in a considerate manner, these riparian and marine environments could be more easily protected. Storm drains are not trash cans and the beach is not a dump. A clean car only equals a dirty river when normal trash collection methods are not observed; in other words, those who insist on eating fast food in their cars must toss their trash in the dumpster, not the river. And most importantly, Angelenos must have respect for the catch basins; they protect our wildlife and keep pollutants out of our water.


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Thursday , October 22 2020

Ardern storms to election win after crushing Covid-19

Bloomberg New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern swept to a historic election victory and said she will use her mandate to rebuild an economy battered by the coronavirus pandemic and tackle social inequality. Ardern’s Labour Party secured the first outright majority in parliament since the introduction of proportional representation in ...

Read More »

Protests against police brutality continue in Nigeria

Bloomberg Protests against police brutality continued in major cities across Nigeria, with demands evolving beyond ending police excesses to calls for good governance across the board. Vigils were held in major cities overnight, as regional strains emerged, with youth protesters in several northern Nigerian towns demanding urgent steps to end ...

Read More »

Malaysia’s Anwar gives police statement on list of allegations

Bloomberg Malaysian opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim reported to police and gave a statement on issues including allegations against him and his announcement that the current government had fallen. “The investigations were carried out professionally without any political pressure or orders from any quarters,” Huzir Mohamed, police criminal investigation department director, ...

Read More »

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text:
POLL: Do You Have Any Respect For Barack Obama?

Do you have any respect for our current President, Barack Obama?

What do you think?

0 points
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Total votes: 0

Upvotes: 0

Upvotes percentage: 0.000000%

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Downvotes percentage: 0.000000%

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POLL: Who Is The Bigger Fraud – Obama or Hillary?

POLL: Do You Think People Who Plan To Vote For Hillary Are Less Intelligent?


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text: TY - JOUR TI - Extraction of Total Proteins from Rice Plant AU - Lin, Da-Gin AU - Wang, Chang-Sheng VL - 4 IS - 21 PY - 2014 DA - 2014/11/05 SP - e1277 C1 - Bio-protocol 2014;4:e1277 DO - 10.21769/BioProtoc.1277 UR - https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1277 AB - This protocol provides an efficient method for preparation of high-quality proteins from rice leaves and grains. The method involves phenol extraction to separate proteins from the non-protein components such as polysaccharides, lipids and phenolic compounds that are commonly enriched in plant tissues. Following isolation, proteins are precipitated with ammonium acetate/methanol and then solubilized for proteomic analysis. As the protocol is simple, universal, and most importantly compatible with silver staining, it has been applied to our routine protein extraction from rice and many other plant tissues and it even works fine in animal tissues for the requirement of electrophoretic separation. KW - Rice KW - Protein extraction KW - Proteomics KW - Two dimentional gel electrophresis KW - Staining methods JF - Bio-protocol SN - 2331-8325 PB - Bio-protocol LLC.


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Vaccines against rabbit diseases

Название ветпрепарата
Pharmaceutical group
Animal specimens
Rabbivak – V vaccine
Rabbivak – V vaccine

Vaccines against rabbit diseases

Rabbivak – B vaccine
Rabbivak – B vaccine

Vaccines against rabbit diseases

At birth, rabbits have fairly strong immunity, so that they can withstand most diseases, and even if they suffer from them then very slightly. Thanks to research, it was possible to establish that rabbits, while feeding on mother's milk, receive powerful protection with it. But it is short-lived and acts during the period of feeding. Usually, young animals are taken from a female at the age of one month and in order to be ready for independent resistance to viruses they need to be vaccinated. Our catalog has Rabbivak vaccines in bottles against major diseases that contain strains of myxomatosis and hemorrhagic disease.

Video on rabbit vaccination rules

Diseases and their symptoms

There are many diseases that rabbits are susceptible to, and especially rabbits. Many of them are incurable or extremely difficult to treat. The most common and dangerous include:

Пункт 1

VHD (Rabbit Viral Hemorrhagic Disease). The infectious, acute leaking highly contagious disease, spreads among the adult population and affects all organs with diathesis. It leads to the death of the animal from 80% to 100% of cases. The incubation (hidden) period is 2-3 days. Rabbivak V vaccine prevents the disease and prevents death.

Пункт 2

Myxomatosis. An acute viral disease of rabbits, characterized by serous-purulent conjunctivitis and the formation of nodes ("bumps") in the head, anus and external genital organs, which lead to the death of the animal in 100% of cases. Sources of infection are insects (mosquitoes, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, ticks). The disease has a pronounced seasonal character (from May to September inclusive) The incubation (latent) period of 3-7 days. Rabbivak B vaccine prevents myxomatosis and protects against death.

Пункт 3

Pasteurellosis. An acute contagious infectious disease that affects rabbits of all ages and is characterized by hemorrhagic inflammation of the internal organs and death of animals. It begins with fever, refusal to feed, weakness, sneezing, runny nose, rapid and difficult breathing.

Пункт 4

Typhus (salmonellosis). An infectious disease characterized by damage to the digestive tract (gastrointestinal tract) and the reproductive system, i.e. the walls of the uterus are affected, the gastrointestinal tract functionality is impaired. With a prolonged course and the absence of treatment, females lose their offspring.

When any symptoms are observed, the rabbit gets isolated, their litter, food, and water get changed. The place where he was kept should be carefully cleaned, other pets are examined and consulted by a veterinarian.

Вакцины для кроликов

Вакцины против болезней кроликов

Types of vaccines against rabbit diseases

  • Monovalent. It contains a strain of one disease, therefore, it fights only with its pathogens. Our catalog contains products against myxomatosis and HBV. With phased vaccination, the rabbit body produces its own antibodies faster, the animal does not get sick after vaccination.
  • Mixed It contains several varieties of viruses at once, which, when vaccinated, gives a large load on the immune system. Such products are dry mixes packaged in bottles of various volumes. Suitable for routine vaccination of healthy and strong rabbits.

Special warnings and precautions for vaccine use

All products must be used strictly according to the directions in order to avoid side effects. Primary vaccination is carried out on the 30th day of the life of rabbits, the second - after three months. Only clinically healthy rabbits are vaccinated.

But even with the exact following of the directions, regular visits to the veterinarian, the animal vaccine may not work for a number of reasons:

  • The rabbit is already sick.
  • The product's shelf life expired.
  • The product was stored in inappropriate conditions.
  • The rabbit is infected with helminths.
  • The vaccination schedule is not followed.

Проведении вакцинации кролика от разных болезней

Введение вакцины домашнему кролику

Form to request vaccines against rabbit diseases in bulk

Отправить сообщение


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Difference between revisions of "Help:Installing Bitcoin Core"

From Bitcoin Wiki
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An account can effortlessly be created using an [[eWallet]] service. eWallet services provide an online wallet to hold your bitcoins.
An account can effortlessly be created using an [[eWallet]] service. eWallet services provide an online wallet to hold your bitcoins.

Revision as of 18:47, 6 May 2014

An account can effortlessly be created using an eWallet service. eWallet services provide an online wallet to hold your bitcoins.

This guide covers installing Bitcoin without needing a third party wallet service.

For Windows computers

Download Bitcoin and install it.

Complete installation wizard

For Mac computers

Download Bitcoin and expand the disk image.

Contents of the Bitcoin disk image after expansion

Drag the Bitcoin icon to the desired install location, and double-click the icon to run the application.

The Bitcoin window will open and connections will start up in minutes. The blocks will begin downloading.

At this point, it is recommended to encrypt your wallet before receiving any bitcoins. Encrypting later may leave earlier addresses vulnerable to theft in the case that the system is compromised. This can be done from the Settings menu using the Encrypt Wallet function.

Main window
Preferences window on OS X

Your wallet will automatically have your first bitcoin address.

Receive coins window

Getting my first coins

The Bitcoin Faucet website currently hands out 0.005 BTC to new bitcoin users. Fill in the form with your bitcoin address. See Samples and Marketing Offers for other methods.

Getting free coins from the Faucet

The client will eventually show the transaction.

After about one hour the transaction should get 6 confirmations. You are able to spend the coins once the transaction shows at least one confirmation.

The confirmation counter (like the block counter) will increase by one roughly every 10 minutes. Six confirmations are considered as 100% sure a transfer has been processed.

Transaction once confirmed
  • The Trade article shows hundreds of merchants who accept bitcoins.

Buying Bitcoins

Bitcoins can be bought from individuals, on trading exchanges or from other online services. See the main page about Buying Bitcoins for more information.

Points to remember

  • You don't need to be online to receive BTC.
  • You can create as many new addresses as you like. Using a different address each time helps keep you anonymous.
  • You can be anonymous with adequate precautions.
  • You cannot send BTC to an invalid address. Typos are not a worry as the payment will refuse to send.
  • The wallet file holds the keys that allow spending and thus the computer should be protected from the risk of loss and theft.
  • Leaving Bitcoin open improves connectivity for the network and ensures that you don't fall behind on the block chain. Also see the FAQ about port forwarding

Proceed to the introduction

Block chain

The block chain is a never-ending story of every transaction throughout the network from day 1 (genesis). The first time you run Bitcoin, it is downloaded and verified on your computer. Every new transaction is added to the end of this chain and verified by the network to be valid.

Whenever you send a coin, you are actually sending a cryptographically signed message, associating your coin with the recipient's address. This effectively transfers ownership to the recipient. Once they own the coin, they are free to transfer it to another person.

A wallet is a collection of addresses. You can create as many new addresses as you wish; having more addresses makes you more anonymous, because then people cannot see how much BTC you received. Your wallet contains the secret keys used for spending that money, and must be backed-up regularly. If you lose the wallet then you no longer possess the money.

New coins are mined through generating hashes. These generators are rewarded with a small fee for the computationally intensive task of incorporating your transactions into the block-chain. This fee halves each time 210000 blocks are added to the block chain, or approximately every 4 years. The fee will keep halving until it effectively reaches zero, at which point 21 million coins will be in circulation.


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The essentials

1/11/2008 – ChessBase Workshop columnist Steve Lopez has often mentioned "the essentials" – ChessBase products that he finds himself unable to do without. But he's never provided us with a comprehensive list of said essentials – until now. You'll find his list in the latest ChessBase Workshop.

ChessBase 15 - Mega package ChessBase 15 - Mega package

Find the right combination! ChessBase 15 program + new Mega Database 2020 with 8 million games and more than 80,000 master analyses. Plus ChessBase Magazine (DVD + magazine) and CB Premium membership for 1 year!

Quite a while back (I think it was as much as two or three years ago) in a disk preview I wrote for ChessBase Workshop, I referred to a particular product as "one of the essentials" -- ChessBase products that I can't do without come hell or high water. Since that time I've received dozens of e-mails asking for my list of "essentials". I've deferred writing such a colunm or list for quite a few reasons, primarily that my list might not match your list. Every chessplayer is different and has different needs and requirements. When you throw the fact that I'm a writer into the mix, you can see that my particular chess information needs might not match yours.

The requests for my list just keep on a-comin', however, so I guess it's high time that I write the list and toss it out there for your consumption. So here we go -- my list of ChessBase software that I find completely indispensible: the essentials. (And the ChessBase program itself is obviously assumed, which is why it's not listed)

1. New chessplaying programs as they're released

I'm one of those guys who believes that you can't have too many chessplaying programs, which is why I literally have disks full of freeware and shelves full of commercial packages. Why should more than one program be "essential"? Let's forget for a minute that chess programs are basically electronic constructs, just because that little "literary device" will make the task of explanation that much easier. When you go over one of your own games, you'll likely see things you missed while the game was in progress. Show the game to several chessplaying friends and/or other chess club members, and you're liable to hear a lot of additional ideas that you'd not come up with on your own, either during the game or in your post-mortem analysis.

Multiple chessplaying engines act just like those chessplaying chums, pointing out errors and ideas that you may have missed. "But won't every chessplaying program just tell you the same thing?" Sure they might, if you missed a forced mate or material-winning combination. But different engines are programmed by different people, and in non-forcing positions different engines are very apt to show you different ways you might have played at those points.

That's why I find new chessplaying programs to be essential (and the "Compare analysis" feature in the Fritz, etc. GUI to be an essential tool). I can take my games and "feed them" to multiple chess engines, particularly ones which I know will play and analyze in different "styles" (lately I've been using Fritz, Hiarcs, and Shredder as my "Compare analysis" engines of choice); the results will likely show me more than one way I could have proceeded in a particular position. The more ideas I see, the more I'll spot the next time around (that's ideally the case, anyway). Why limit yourself to a single analyst's point of view? That's why I find a suite of engines an essential, and I'm always looking to add to my "electronic chess club".

2. The Mega Database

As a player, as a writer, I absolutely can not be without the latest version of the Mega Database. I know this isn't a big deal to younger readers who've grown up in the "Electronic Age", but it still blows me away that I can play through a half-dozen Capablanca games when I have a free hour by simply tapping a few keys instead of wasting twenty-five or thirty minutes just finding them in a stack of chess books. (And, to tell the truth, it stil blows me away that I can pull a movie off my shelf and toss the disk into a machine to watch it anytime I like -- I grew up in an era of twelve channels, no VCRs or DVDs, and if you wanted to see a particular movie you had to wait months for it to come on broadcast TV and make dang sure you were in front of the set to see it. When I was a teenager, a TV showing of the original King Kong was an event.)

The Mega Database is more than just a big honking collection of games. It's a repository of chess history, a massive library of the great games and events from throughout the long and colorful history of The Royal Game. I can look up games, players, openings, themes, endgames, the list is practically endless, without my ever touching a paper book and a plastic/wooden chess set. And, further sweetening the pot, tens of thousands of the games are annotated. Sorry, but if that seems like no big deal to you, I feel badly for you -- to players of my generation, this is an absolute miracle. Regardless of your age or generation, the Mega Database is a valuable tool for every serious chessplayer -- literally millions of games are available at your fingertips in mere moments.

3. Fritz Powerbook

Let's leave aside the fact that the Powerbook is a powerful statistical research tool -- sure, you can create a huge opening book using ChessBase and any huge collection of games, but that's a lot of time and effort (it takes even a fast computer a fair bit of time to put together a book that size); Powerbook is ready-made and ready to use. Let's talk about it as a practice tool.

The typical opening books that come with playing programs are specially tuned to accentuate and maximize that program's chances of winning games, especially against other chessplaying programs. That's not exactly what I want from my sparring partner. I want to see a broader range of openings, all kinds of things -- open games, closed games, gambits, offbeat variations, and everything in-between. You don't get that from the opening book that comes with your playing program, but you do get that from Powerbook. When you're training for an upcoming tournament, Powerbook's a great tool because you never know what kind of opening you'll have thrown at you -- just like playing against a variety of human opposition.

4. Opening Encyclopedia

The Opening Encyclopedia is a compendium of opening knowledge that covers every chess opening -- that's why it's called an "Encyclopedia", right? However, people always ask if there's any duplication of games between it and the Mega Database. Sure, some of the games are the same. But the Opening Encyclopedia contains opening overviews ("surveys") which give you the theory behind the openings (and these surveys aren't a part of the Big or Mega Databases) -- then you refer to the games as additional supplementary information. Whenever I create a database on a particular opening I'm learning I always start my search with the Opening Encyclopedia; when I copy the games to the new database, the opening surveys will thus appear as the very first games in my database. And don't forget that the Opening Encyclopedia is updated every year with new opening theoreticals. So this one, too, is an essential.

5. Correspondence Database

I've often referred to correspondence chess as the "great laboratory" for new chess ideas. But my interest in correspondence games goes far beyond a cold. clinical, academic interest. Correspondence chess is the last bastion for the swashbuckler and the gambiteer. Top-level chess only sees a true swashbuckler, a Tal or Shirov, every generation or two; mostly the upper echelon plays to minimize risk. It's your livelihood, grandmaster, so do what ya gotta do. But that's generally not exactly my idea of heart-stopping exciting chess.

But you see all sorts of risk-taking all the time in correspondence play. You get lots of gambits (Budapests, Cochranes, Smith-Morras) that you don't often see in high-level over-the-board play. You frequently see amazing sacrifices; correspondence players have the time to analyze this stuff out to the nth move to find the pot of gold at the end. Some correspondence players are simply stone crazy, sacrificing speculatively just because they can. It's great stuff, near and dear to my heart, and the Correspondence Database is the place I go to find it.

So that's my list, the ChessBase products that I absolutely can not do without. I'll draw an important distinction as a final note: just because a particular item doesn't appear on this list does not mean that I find it to be without value or merit -- this is simply the list of items that I find totally indispensible, the ones I must have to function as a chessplayer and chess writer.

Until next week, have fun!

You can e-mail me with your comments on ChessBase Workshop. All responses will be read, and sending an e-mail to this address grants us permission to use it in a future column. No tech support questions, please.

© 2007, Steven A. Lopez. All rights reserved.

Rules for reader comments

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text:
Azure Functions dll version mismatch

We have an Azure function which references an external assembly via a private Nuget feed.

The problem we're having is that we have two different versions of Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.dll - one which is a dependency of our nuget package and another which I'm assuming is being provided by the runtime.

 error CS1503: Argument 2: cannot convert from 'Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.ICollector<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.ITableEntity> [D:\Program Files (x86)\SiteExtensions\Functions\1.0.10635\bin\Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.dll]' to 'Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.ICollector<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Table.ITableEntity>

I found this question which says that binding redirects are not supported:

Azure Functions binding redirect

We could try to remove our dependency on that library, or we could match the version used by Azure Functions, but I think we're going to have the same problem with using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage anyway.

Please advise!

You are correct that binding redirects are not supported. The runtime has its own dependencies on the WebJobs SDK and Storage libraries so objects passed into your functions will be from those versions. I recommend removing your dependencies on other versions and snapping to ours. Note that for these libraries, you don't have to add your own package reference, you can reference ours in your function code via:

#r "WindowsAzure.Storage"

You don't need to add explicit #r references for WebJobs SDK types (e.g. ICollector<T>) - the runtime adds that assembly implicitly. Of course this only applies for function code we're compiling for you, not code coming from your external packages.

In the future we might improve things in this area, but for now you'll be swimming up stream if you try to use conflicting versions.


text:
the inability of an entity to withstand the adverse effects of a hostile or uncertain environment

Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility to attack or injury; the state or condition of being weak or poorly defended.

  • She is concerned for the orphan and concerned for the widow.
    She does not forget the man who helps others,
    she is a mother for the orphan;
    Nance, a carer for the widow,
    who always finds advice for the debt-slave;
    the lady who gives protection for refugees.
    She seeks out a place for the weak.
    She swells his collecting basket for him;
    she makes his collecting vessel profitable for him.
    For the righteous maiden who has taken her path,
    Nance chooses a young man of means.
    Nance raises a secure house like a roof over the widow who could not remarry.
  • Our vulnerability [to ressentiment], is unavoidable (and probably incurable) in a kind of society in which relative equality of political and other rights and formally acknowledged social equality go hand in hand with enormous differences in genuine power, possessions and education; a society in which everyone “has the right” to consider himself equal to everybody else, while in fact being unequal to them.
  • καταμάθετε δὲ τοὺς ἑτεροδοξοῦντας εἰς τὴν χάριν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐλθοῦσαν, πῶς ἐναντίοι εἰσὶν τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ θεοῦ. περὶ ἀγάπης οὐ μέλει αὐτοῖς, οὐ περὶ χήρας, οὐ περὶ ὀρφανοῦ, οὐ περὶ θλιβομένου, οὐ περὶ δεδεμένου ἢ λελυμένου,οὐ περὶ πεινῶντος ἢ διψῶντος.
  • שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סֹורְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלֹּו֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתֹום֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָבֹ֥וא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ
    • Isaiah 1:23, Leningrad Codex.
    • Your rulers are rebels,
      partners with thieves;
      they all love bribes and chase after gifts.
      They do not defend the cause of the fatherless;
      the widow’s case does not come before them.
    • Your rulers are rebels and friends of thieves.
      They demand bribes and accept money for doing wrong.
      They take money to cheat people, and they don’t speak up for widows and orphans.
      They will not even listen to their cries for help.
    • Your leaders are turncoats
      who keep company with crooks.
      They sell themselves to the highest bidder
      and grab anything not nailed down.
      They never stand up for the homeless,
      never stick up for the defenseless.

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Page:A Collection of Essays and Tracts, Volume 1, Part 1.djvu/17

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This treatise was originally written in Latin, and constituted part of a work, entitled Nubes Testium, or Cloud of Witnesses, which was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury. It gained great applause among the learned, and the part, which is now offered to the public, was translated into English and published in London in the year 1720. The greater portion of the work, from which this article is taken, is made up of copious extracts from ancient and modern writers of high authority, which the author adduces as testimonies, that his opinions respecting fundamental articles are not new or rash, but have been supported by the most enlightened men in all ages of the church. These testimonies are arranged in four classes. The first contains the sentiments of the ancient Fathers; the second embraces extracts from Luther and Lutheran divines; the third from Zuinglins, Calvin, and their followers; the fourth from the Acts of Synods and Councils. "Yet," says the English translator, "our author complains under each class, that, for the most part, men have not been so uniform and consistent with such expressions as might be wished: but produces them as testimonies extorted by the force of truth, which has darted into men's minds with irresistible light, when they have calmly and impartially considered these things." And in regard to the decisions of Synods and Councils, he argues, that their failure has not been owing to any defect


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St Leonards-on-Sea

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St Leonards-on-Sea
Seafront shelter - - 1351324.jpg
The seafront at St Leonards-on-Sea
St Leonards-on-Sea is located in East Sussex
St Leonards-on-Sea
St Leonards-on-Sea
Location within East Sussex
OS grid referenceTQ7909
Shire county
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Postcode districtTN37, TN38
FireEast Sussex
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
East Sussex
50°51′10″N 0°32′30″E / 50.85282°N 0.54165°E / 50.85282; 0.54165Coordinates: 50°51′10″N 0°32′30″E / 50.85282°N 0.54165°E / 50.85282; 0.54165

St Leonards-on-Sea (commonly known as St Leonards) is a town and seaside resort in the Borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. It does not have an apostrophe in its name. It has been part of the borough since the late 19th century and lies to the west of central Hastings. The original part of the settlement was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.

The land that is now St Leonards was once owned by the Levett family, an ancient Sussex gentry family of Norman origin who owned the adjacent manor of Hollington, and subsequently by their descendants, the Eversfields, who rose to prominence from their iron foundries and widespread property holdings during Tudor times.[1] Eversfields served as sheriffs of Surrey and Sussex in the 16th and 17th centuries and were later baronets before the family became extinct.[2][3][4]

James Burton, a successful London property developer who had developed large areas of Bloomsbury and the houses around Regent's Park, purchased land from the Eversfield estate to put into being his concept of a seaside resort. The land was part of Gensing Farm, and included a small wooded valley leading down to the sea. Work on the plan[5] started in early 1826. It included a house for himself (West Villa: now 57 Marina); service areas were provided, such as shops and laundering (Mercatoria and Lavatoria),[6] as well as public buildings for entertainment and the picturesque siting of villas amongst the wooded slopes and water of the central gardens, to be paid for by subscription.[7]

In addition he persuaded the Turnpike Commissioners to have the road leading to St Leonards included in the scheme, and arranged for the road through Silverhill to be built so as to give access.[citation needed] Before he died in 1837 St Leonards (Royal Victoria) Hotel, the South Colonnade, an archway marking the town boundary with Hastings,[8] and tall seafront houses (as far as 71 Marina) had also been completed. His grave is marked by a pyramid in the churchyard above St Leonard's Church. In 1850 his son Decimus (1800–1881) started the second phase of building, by acquiring more land and extending the development westward.[9] He lived in the town for the remainder of his life.

Decimus Burton became a Commissioner of the new town in 1833. He leased a triangle of land bounded by Mercatoria, St John's Church, Maze Hill and Kenilworth Road. Here he built The Cottage (now St Leonards Lodge), Maze Hill House (demolished), The Mount (13 houses), The Uplands (6), The Lawn (10), and six semi-detached houses which later became a school (later part of the College but now closed for redevelopment). Later, in Upper Maze Hill he built Baston Lodge, Tower House and Clone House (now Healey House). He gave some land in Mercatoria for a National School, and completed his father's seafront terrace by building 72 to 82 Marina.[citation needed] Modern (2006) photographs give a flavour of this development.[10]

St Leonards became a fashionable seaside destination. Princess Sophia of Gloucester stayed at Gloucester Lodge on Quarry Hill in 1831. The building was formerly named the Castellated Villa but changed to Gloucester Lodge in honour of her. [11] Princess Victoria and her mother the Duchess of Kent, stayed in the town for the winter of 1834-5, occupying a residence since renamed Victoria House. In 1837 Queen Adelaide passed the winter there. [12]

Warrior Square Station

The popularity of St Leonards, however, was not lost upon the town of Hastings. It had already begun to expand westwards, through Pelham Place and Wellington Square, and further building began. The Eversfield Estate, from whom the Burtons had bought land, saw the potential and it too began to sell off more space, having obtained an Act of Parliament opening the way for speculative builders beyond the Burton boundaries.[13] As a result, the area between the two towns began to fill with properties. In 1875, the two towns merged into the County Borough of Hastings, and by then the total seafront had reached some three miles (4.8 km). Soon after that, the Warrior Square and Upper St Leonards areas were being developed.

By now the railways had arrived: the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway reached West Marina in 1845, although it was not until 1852 that the station later named St Leonards Warrior Square was opened by the South Eastern Railway.

Construction of the pier began in March 1888, and it was opened by Lord and Lady Brassey on 28 October 1891. Positioned almost opposite the Royal Victoria Hotel, the shore end had a pavilion constructed of intricate ironwork at the entrance so that visitors could drive straight to the door and avoid the seafront weather. There was also a tollhouse to the left of the entrance that was demolished by a storm on 12 February 1899. The far end of the pier had a building used for dancing, and later as a roller hockey rink. During the 1920s the pier was modernised and finally cut in half during the Second World War as protection against invasion. The remains were removed in 1951.

Marine Court on the sea front

On the seafront stands an ocean liner shaped art-deco building known as Marine Court,[14] which upon completion in 1937 was the tallest block of flats in the United Kingdom, comprising some 153 flats and 3 restaurants. Despite this claim to fame, entries to a competition to name the building show that it was not universally popular. Now a listed building, it has recently been bought by the residents after many years of neglect and is in the process of being fully restored.

St Leonards Golf Club, Hastings, (now defunct) was founded in 1902/3. The club closed in 1960.[15]

The town of St Leonards today occupies, firstly, the fairly steeply climbing land immediately adjacent to the west of Hastings, leading up towards Silverhill and Hollington; and secondly, an area to the west where the land is lower lying. The latter part of the town – Bulverhythe – is thought to be the original site of the port of Hastings, since cut off by longshore drift of pebbles. Within the higher land there are some small valleys: that through which the Priory stream flows through Alexandra Park being the main one.

The principal roads in St Leonards are the seafront (Grand Parade and Marina) part of the A259 coastal route; and London Road. Two of the three railway stations remain open: St Leonards (West Marina) was closed in 1967. Today's bus[16] and train[17] services provide the public transport for the town.

Parks and gardens[edit]

Warrior Square Gardens – The site was opened as a subscription garden in 1852. The Council purchased a strip of land at the southernmost tip to erect a statue of Queen Victoria which was unveiled on the 31st of December 1902.[18] All but the uppermost rose garden was acquired by the Council in 1920 with the upper garden being donated to the Council in 1930. Recent improvements include major re-landscaping and wall restoration, completed in 2001. The lower section was completely re-laid following extensive excavation by Southern Water.

St Leonards Gardens – Originally laid out as a private garden for the Burton family, St Leonards Gardens was bought by the town for £9,000 in 1879. The gardens had two ponds and a maze, which proved very popular and gave Maze Hill its name. Gothic-style buildings were built around the wooded valley. The gateway to St Leonards Gardens is an imposing Burton building. The garden was purchased by the Council in 1880 and opened to the public; it consists of trees, shrubs and grass areas with a central pond. The Council applied for a Heritage Lottery Grant for the restoration of this garden and work is now complete.[19]

Gensing Gardens – The garden was purchased by the Council in 1872 and landscaped by the then Borough Surveyor, William Andrews. Little is recorded of the history of the site, although the name comes from the original farm. The garden has been subject to numerous improvements during the last 10 years and consists of shrub and flower beds, trees, grass areas, and an equipped playground suitable for children up to 14 years old. It is located within a priority ward and is a rare and valuable open space within its neighbourhood.

Markwick Gardens – The Gardens were formed in the 1860s primarily for the use and pleasure of the residents of Markwick Terrace, which was built in the 1830-40s. At that time, the land was owned by the Eversfield Trust, which no longer exists and the gardens are now owned, privately, by the Eversfield Estates. (Markwick was the surname of one branch of Eversfield family descendants.) Since the war the gardens have been run by a Committee of local residents as the Estate now takes no part in the running. Access to the gardens is by membership of the Markwick Gardens Association.[20]

Notable residents[edit]

Many people have close connections with St Leonards. Queen Adelaide (1792–1849), consort of William IV, lived in St Leonards as a widow. Elizabeth Eiloart (1827–1898), novelist, retired to St Leonards, and King Solomon's Mines author Henry Rider Haggard came to live at North Lodge, Maze Hill, the house built across the road at the entrance to old St Leonards; this remained his home until 1923. Robert Tressell, author of The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, lived at 241 London Road from 1907. Summerfields School produced the alumnus Rainier III, Prince of Monaco. George Bristow was the taxidermist at the centre of the Hastings Rarities ornithological fraud; his business address was 15 Silchester Road. Fred Judge FRPS founded the local picture postcard manufacturer Judges Postcards. Sheila Kaye-Smith was a prolific author whose novels are set in the Sussex countryside around Hastings and Rye; she was born in St Leonards, the daughter of a local doctor and lived in Dane Road until her marriage in 1924. George Monger was awarded a VC during the Siege of Lucknow in 1857, and after leaving the army, he lived in Tower Road, St Leonards where he died in 1887. Historian Prof Roy Porter (1946–2002) retired to St Leonards. Dr Thomas Duncan Greenlees FRSE retired here in 1922 and died here in 1929. Archibald Belaney (b 1888 d 1938) "Grey Owl" achieved fame as a conservationist during his life, after his death the revelation of his non-Native origins and other autobiographical fabrications negatively affected his reputation. Born in England and migrating to Canada in the first decade of the 20th century, Belaney rose to prominence as a notable author, lecturer, and one of the "most effective apostles of the wilderness" The Venerable Luke Irvine-Capel, Archdeacon of Chichester was the Priest-in-Charge of Christ Church with St Mary Magdalene and St. Peter and St. Paul from 2013–2014, and thereafter served as Rector (merely a legal transition) from 2014–2019, before his appointment as Archdeacon.

Poly Styrene of X-Ray Spex lived in St Leonards-on-Sea.

The 2018 PDC World Darts Championship Winner and 2019 PDC World Matchplay Champion Rob Cross (darts player) hails from St Leonards-on-Sea.

Views around St Leonards[edit]

  1. ^ Elwes, Dudley George Cary; Robinson, Charles John (1876). A History of the Castles, Mansions and Manors of Western Sussex, Dudley George Carey Elwes, Longmans & Co., London, 1876. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  2. ^ A Compendious History of Sussex, Mark Antony Lower, 1870. G.P. Bacon. 1870. p. 236. Retrieved 29 July 2012 – via Internet Archive. levit sussex.
  3. ^ A Compendious History of Sussex, Mark Antony Lower. G.P. Bacon. 1870. p. 236. Retrieved 29 July 2012 – via Internet Archive. levitt sussex.
  4. ^ Sussex Archaeological Collections Relating to the History and Antiquities of Sussex, 1869. Sussex Archaeological Society. 1869. p. 149. Retrieved 29 July 2012 – via Internet Archive. levitt sussex.
  5. ^ Map of Burton's St Leonards
  6. ^ "Some description of living conditions". 28 November 2000. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  7. ^ Details of the plans for the new town: Hastings Museum Archived 2 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Demolished in 1895 (see Marchant below)
  9. ^ Decimus Burton & St Leonards Archived 5 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Mary Braddon & St Leonards". Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  11. ^ "Gloucester Lodge A Grade II Listed Building in Saint Leonards, East Sussex". British Listed Buildings.
  12. ^ "Lenham - Levens Pages 68-74 A Topographical Dictionary of England. Originally published by S Lewis, London, 1848". British History Online. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  13. ^ Hastings Past Rex Marchant, Phillmore 1997 ISBN 1-86077-046-0
  14. ^ Hastings on-line Archived 4 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ “St Leonards Golf Club”, "Golf's Missing Links".
  16. ^ "Local Bus Services". Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  17. ^ "Southeastern Railways". Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  18. ^ Historical Hastings Wiki: Statue of Queen Victoria - Historical Hastings Wiki, accessdate: 28 January 2020
  19. ^ "Hastings Borough Council Restoration of St Leonards Gardens". 1 September 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  20. ^ "Markwick Gardens Association". Retrieved 16 April 2017.

External links[edit]


text:
The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 - A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
97 Pages

The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 2 - A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol 2 (of 4), by W. Grant Hague This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at Title: The Eugenic Marriage, Vol 2 (of 4) A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies Author: W. Grant Hague Release Date: March 16, 2008 [EBook #24854] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EUGENIC MARRIAGE *** Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at By courtesy of The New York Times New York's Better Baby Little Hiss Johanna Wiggers, who won the first prize in New York's Better Babies Contest by scoring 100 points, is the type of little girl that will make the best mothers, and the better race tomorrow. Her score card showed; age, 28 months; weight, 33 lbs. 14 ozs.; height, 35-1/2 inches; circumference of head, 19-1/2 inches: circumference of chest, 20 inches; lateral diameter of chest, 6 inches; diameter of chest from front to back, 4-1/2 inches; length of arm to tip of middle finger, 14-1/2 inches; length of leg to the sole of the foot, 16-1/2 inches; total, 100 points.

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol 2 (of 4), by W. Grant Hague This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
Title: The Eugenic Marriage, Vol 2 (of 4)  A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies Author: W. Grant Hague Release Date: March 16, 2008 [EBook #24854] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EUGENIC MARRIAGE ***
Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
By courtesy of The New York Times New York's Better Baby Little Hiss Johanna Wiggers, who won the first prize in New York's Better Babies Contest by scoring 100 points, is the type of little girl that will make the best mothers, and the better race tomorrow. Her score card showed; age, 28 months; weight, 33 lbs. 14 ozs.; height, 35-1/2 inches; circumference of head, 19-1/2 inches: circumference of chest, 20 inches; lateral diameter of chest, 6 inches; diameter of chest from front to back, 4-1/2 inches; len th of arm to ti of middle
finger, 14-1/2 inches; length of leg to the sole of the foot, 16-1/2 inches; total, 100 points.
The Eugenic Marriage A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies By W. GRANT HAGUE, M. D. College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York; Member of County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association In Four Volumes VOLUME II New York THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY 1914 Copyright, 1913, by W. Grant Hague Copyright, 1914, by W. Grant Hague
TABLE OF CONTENTS Sex Hygiene for the Boy CHAPTER XII BUILDING OUR BOYS A word to parents—Interest in sex hygiene—The "Social Evil"—Ten millions suffering with venereal diseases in the United States—Immorality not confined to large cities—Venereal diseases common in country places—What are the consequences of venereal disease to the boy?—Gonorrhea, or clap— Symptoms of gonorrhea in the male—Complications of gonorrhea—Syphilis, or the "pox"—How syphilis is acquired—Syphilis attacks every organ in the body —Not possible to tell when cured—The chancre—Systematic, or constitutional symptoms—Mucous patches and ulcers—Syphilis of the blood vessels and lymphatic glands—The interior organs—Brain and spinal cord—The nose, eye, ear, throat—Hair and nails—What the boy with venereal disease may cause in others—The infected wife—A girl's fate when she marries—Young wife rendered sterile—Young wife made to miscarry—Is the husband to blame— Building the man—Age of puberty—"Internal Secretion" Page 139 CHAPTER XIII THE PARENTS AND THE BOY Abuse of the procreative function—The continent life—Provide the environment necessary to the clean life—The period of procreative power—Self-abuse— Masturbation—Treatment of masturbation—Ni ht losses or wet dreams—
[Pg iii]
Causes of night emissions—Sexual excesses—Treatment of sexual excesses —What parents should know about the so-called "social evil" before speaking with authority to the boy—The need of enlightenment in sexual matters—"No one told me, I did not know"—Fake medical treatment of venereal diseases— Sowing wild oats—Should circumcision be advised Page 153 Sex Hygiene for the Girl CHAPTER XIV A MOTHER'S DUTY TO HER DAUGHTER What a mother should tell her little girl—Where do babies come from—How baby birds and fish come from eggs—How other animals have little nests of their own—The duty of mothers to instruct and direct—What a mother should tell her daughter—Every mother should regard this duty as sacred—Every female child is a possible future mother—Motherhood the highest function of the sex—Health the one necessary essential—Symptoms of the first, or beginning menstruation—The period of puberty in the female—Changes in the reproductive organs at puberty—The female generative organs—The function of the reproductive organs—The age of puberty in the female—The function of the ovary—The function of the womb—Why menstruation occurs every twenty-eight days—The male or papa egg—The function of the spermatozoa—"Tell the whole story"—"How do these spermatozoa get there"—The union of the species—"How can a baby live in there for such a long time"—How the baby gets its nourishment in the womb—Girls must not become mothers Page 173 CHAPTER XV PREPARING FOR MOTHERHOOD Menstruation—Irregular menstruation—Changes in the quantity of the flow— How the womb is held in place—Symptoms of menstruation—Menstruation should not be accompanied with pain—Don't give your daughters patent medicines, or "Female Regulators"—Take your daughter to the doctor— Leucorrhea in girls—Bathing when menstruating—Constipation and displaced wombs—Dress and menstruation—Absence of menstruation, or amenorrhea— Treatment of amenorrhea—Painful menstruation, or dysmenorrhea—Causes of dysmenorrhea—Treatment of dysmenorrhea—Sterility in the female— Conditions which affect the fertility of women—Climate, station in life, season of the year, age, the tendency to miscarry—Causes of sterility in the female— Displacement of womb—Diseases of womb, ovaries, or tubes—Malformations —Lacerations—Tumors— Leucorrhea—Physical debility—Obesity—Special poisons—"Knack of miscarrying"—Miscarriage—Cause of miscarriage—The course and symptoms of miscarriage—What to do when a miscarriage is threatened—Treatment of threatened miscarriage—Treatment of inevitable miscarriage—After treatment of miscarriage—The tendency to miscarriage Page 187 The Baby CHAPTER XVI HYGIENE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BABY What to prepare for the coming baby—Care of the newly-born baby—The first bath—Dressing the cord—Treatment after the cord falls off—A pouting navel— Bathing baby—Clothing the baby—Baby's night clothes—Care of the eyes— Care of the mouth and first teeth—Care of the skin—Care of the genital organs —Amusing baby—Temperature in children—The teeth—The permanent teeth —Care of the teeth—Dentition—Treatment of teething—How to weigh the baby —Average weight of a male baby—Average weight of a female baby—Average height of a male child—The rate of growth of a child—Pulse rate in children— Infant records, why they should be kept—"Growing pains" Page 209
[Pg iv]
[Pg v]
CHAPTER XVII BABY'S FEEDING HABITS Overfeeding baby—Intervals of feeding—How long should a baby stay at the breast—Vomiting between feedings—Regularity of feeding—Why is regularity of feeding important—A baby never vomits—What is the significance of so-called vomiting after feedings—Mother's milk that is unfit for baby—Fresh air for baby—Air baths for baby Page 223 CHAPTER XVIII BABY'S GOOD AND BAD HABITS—FOOD FORMULAS Baby's bed—The proper way to lay baby in bed—Baby should sleep by itself— How long should a baby sleep—Why a baby cries—The habitual crier—The habit of feeding baby every time it cries—The habit of walking the floor with baby every time it cries—Jouncing, or hobbling baby—Baby needs water to drink—The evil habit of kissing baby—Establishing toilet habits—Baby's comforter—What can be done to lessen the evil effects of the comforter habit— Beef juice—Beef juice by the cold process—Mutton broth—Mutton broth with cornstarch or arrowroot—Chicken, veal, and beef broths—Scraped beef or meat pulp—Junket or curds and whey—Whey—Barley water—Barley water gruel or barley jelly—Rice, wheat or oat water—Imperial Granum—Albumen water—Dried bread—Coddled egg Page 235 Artificial Feeding CHAPTER XIX ARTIFICIAL FEEDING Elementary principles of milk modification—The secret of the efficiency of mothers' milk—Two important factors in successful artificial feeding—Every child is a problem in itself—Proprietary foods of little value as infant foods— Their value is in the milk added to them—The credit belongs to the cow— Difference between human and cow's milk—What "top-milk" feeding means— Utensils necessary for home modification of milk—Artificial feeding from birth to the twelfth month—How to measure "top-milk"—Easy bottle-feeding method— Condensed milk feeding—Objections to condensed milk feeding Page 249 CHAPTER XX ARTIFICIAL FEEDING ( continued ) How to prepare milk mixtures—Sterilizing the food for the day's feeding—How to test the temperature of the food for baby—When to increase the quality or quantity of food—Food allowable during the first year in addition to milk—Beef-juice—White of egg—Orange juice—Peptonized milk—The hot or immediate process—The cold process—Partially peptonized milk—Completely peptonized milk—Uses of peptonized milk—Objections to peptonized milk— What a mother should know about baby's feeding bottle and nipple—Should a mother put her baby on artificial food if her supply of milk during the first two weeks is not quite enough to satisfy it—Certain conditions justify the adoption of artificial feeding from the beginning—Mothers' mistakes in the preparation of artificial food—Feeding during the second year—Sample meals for a child three years of age—The diet of older children—Meats, vegetables, cereals, bread, desserts, fruits Page 259 What Mothers Should Know CHAPTER XXI THE EDUCATION OF THE MOTHER
[Pg vi]
What mothers should know about the care of children during illness—A sick child should be in bed—The diet of the sick child—A child is the most helpless living thing—The delicate child—How to feed the delicate child—How to bathe the delicate child—Airing the delicate child—Habits of the delicate child— Indiscriminate feeding—Poor appetite—Loss of appetite—Treatment of loss of appetite—Overeating in infancy—What correct eating means—Bran as a food —Breakfast for a child at school—Lunch for a child at school—Bran muffins for school children—Bran muffins in constipation—Hysterical children—What a mother should know about cathartics and how to give a dose of castor oil— Castor oil—Calomel—Citrate of Magnesium—When to use castor oil—When to use calomel—Vaccination—Time for vaccination—Methods of vaccination— Symptoms of successful vaccination Page 277 CHAPTER XXII CONSTIPATION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Constipation—Regularity of bowel function—The function of the stomach— Fermentation—Incomplete constipation—Importance of a clean bowel—A daily movement of the bowel necessary—Constipation in breast-fed infants— Treatment of constipation in breast-fed infants—Constipation in bottle-fed infants—Treatment of constipation in bottle-fed infants—Constipation in children over two years of age—Diet list for constipation in children—Bran muffins in constipation—Treatment of obstinate constipation—Oil injections in constipation Page 303 CHAPTER XXIII CONSTIPATION IN WOMEN Chief cause of constipation in women—Constipation a cause of domestic unhappiness—The requirements of good health—The cost of constipation— Constipation and social exigencies—One of the important duties of mothers— Constipation and diseases of women—Constipation is always harmful— Constipation and pregnancy—Explanation of incomplete constipation— Causes of constipation—Negligence—Lack of exercise—Lack of water—Lack of bulk in the food taken—Abuse of cathartic drugs and aperient waters— Overeating—Treatment of constipation in women Page 315
CHAPTER XII "The evil that men do lives after them. The good is often interred with them " . "The pleasure in living is to meet temptation and not yield to it." Elmer Lee, M. D. BUILDING OUR BOYS A Word to Parents—Interest in Sex Hygiene—The "Social Evil — " Ten Millions Suffering with Venereal Diseases in the United States —Immorality not Confined to Large Cities—Venereal Diseases Common in Country Places—What Are the Consequences of Venereal Disease to the Boy?—Gonorrhea, or Clap—Symptoms of Gonorrhea in the Male—Complications of Gonorrhea—Syphilis, or the "Pox"—How Syphilis is Acquired—Syphilis Attacks Every Organ in the Body—Not Possible to Tell When Cured—The Chancre—S stematic or Constitutional S m toms—Mucous
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Patches and Ulcers—Syphilis of the Blood Vessels and Lymphatic Glands—The Interior Organs—Brain and Spinal Cord—The Nose, Eye, Ear, Throat—Hair and Nails—What the Boy with Venereal Disease May Cause in Others—The Infected Wife—A Girl's Fate When She Marries—Young Wife Rendered Sterile—Young Wife Made to Miscarry—Is the Husband to Blame?—Building the Man— Age of Puberty—"Internal Secretion. " A Word to Parents. —Within recent times the subject of sex hygiene has been freely discussed by members of the medical profession and through them the general public has been made more or less acquainted with the problem. It has therefore acquired a degree of genuine interest which speaks well for the future of the eugenic ideal. Eugenics is based to a very large extent upon the principles underlying sex hygiene. As a result of this widespread interest and investigation, we have discovered that the only method that promises actual progress, is to talk plainly and to tell the actual truth. The day of the prude has passed. To attempt to achieve results in the education of youth in sex problems, without giving, facts, is wasted effort. To give facts we must explain each problem so that its principles may be clearly understood and its meaning grasped. To point out the duty of youth is not sufficient. They must be shown why it is to their best interest to live the clean life. In every department of education we are beginning to appreciate that to achieve results it must be based upon the individual equation. This is why we have found it necessary to assert that it is the duty of parents to make sex hygiene a personal matter and to acquaint their children with the facts relating to this problem. It has been discovered, however, that a very large percentage of parents are inadequately informed on these subjects, in fact they know practically nothing about the actual facts which they are supposed to teach. I shall try to tell the story in a way which every parent will understand. When a boy reaches the age of puberty he is susceptible to sexual desire. If he has not been told the story of his growth from boyhood to man's estate he will either begin to abuse himself, or he will be later enticed to commit himself to intercourse with some unclean female and he will acquire a disease as a result. Inasmuch as it has been asserted that practically every boy has been addicted to self-abuse at some time, and that eighty per cent. of all males, between the ages of sixteen and thirty years, are victims of venereal disease, it would seem justifiable to assume that the boys who are informed of the facts in time are the boys who constitute the percentage who escape. This, of course, may not be literally true, but it is a reasonable assumption. While self-abuse is a pernicious habit and may be attended with serious consequences, it is not a disease and, as will be explained later, it can be cured. It is therefore a menace to the individual, not to the race, and consequently need not concern us at the present time. On the other hand the venereal diseases are not to be considered as individual problems since they affect the welfare of the race. The venereal diseases which we will consider are gonorrhea and syphilis. The Social Evil. —It has been estimated that there are more than ten millions of people in this country to-day suffering from the effects of venereal diseases. In New York city alone, there are two million  victims suffering from the direct or indirect consequences of these diseases. It has been authoritatively asserted that, out of every ten men between the ages of sixteen and thirty, eight have, or have had, one or other of these diseases. When it is remembered that these diseases are not merely temporary incidents, but that they may be regarded as practically incurable in the vast majority, because of antagonistic social conditions and ignorance, and that they are highly infectious, we may begin to realize how important they are from the standpoint of race regeneration. Statistics of these conditions are never reliable because much of the evil is hidden and lied about. It is quite probable,—if the estimates were based upon absolute knowledge—that the extent of the prevalency of these diseases would be greatly increased rather than reduced. It is however a fact, that the combined ravages of the Great White Plague, leprosy, yellow fever, and small-pox, are merely incidents compared to the effects which the venereal diseases have had upon mankind. It is useless to think that these diseases can be driven out of the land. An ho e of this nature is the im ression of the dreamer. B a
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propaganda of education, by the spread of the eugenic idea and ideal, we may, however, reasonably hope to minimize the evil and, at least, to protect the innocent. The Sources of Immorality. —It is a fallacious idea to assume that the sources of immorality are confined to the large cities. This is far from the truth. In smaller towns and country places the diseases are quite common and conditions there tend to the spread of the contagion in a more intimate and a more harmful way. The individuals who are most likely to become affected are those most liable to succumb to temptation and whose home ties are of the best. There are many instances on record where one or two loose women spread the infection all over the country communities, infecting boys and men alike. No one can estimate what the final effect of such an epidemic may mean or how many innocent individuals may have their lives wrecked as a direct consequence. It is because these consequences are the product of ignorance in a very large percentage of the cases that there is such urgent need for enlightenment. It is at least our plain duty to tell the boy the actual facts—to post him with reference to consequences. The more thoroughly we instruct him in the elementary facts relative to the venereal diseases, the safer he will be from temptation, and if he possesses this knowledge and acquires disease, he will be more likely to immediately seek competent aid and advice. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF VENEREAL DISEASE TO THE BOY HIMSELF? Gonorrhea or "Clap." —This is the most frequent of the venereal diseases. It is also the most serious. It is an unfortunate fact, that in the past,—and even to-day—boys have been told that gonorrhea is no worse than "a bad cold." This lie has been responsible for much evil and a great amount of unnecessary suffering and misery. Gonorrhea is caused by a germ, obtained, as a rule, during intercourse with an infected person. This germ is called gonococcus. It thrives on any mucous membrane; it is not, therefore, limited to the sexual organs. For this reason it may attack any part of the body where mucous membrane is. It is particularly liable to damage, sometimes seriously and permanently, the eye. It may be spread from one person to another, or from any infected article to a person in numerous ways. The innocent may thus suffer as a result of the carelessness of the vicious. The Symptoms of Gonorrhea in the Male are slight itching and burning of the mouth of the urethra. This is noticeable at any time from the third to the fourteenth day after exposure. These symptoms become more pronounced and a slight discharge appears. The patient is compelled to urinate frequently and it is painful and difficult. The discharge increases, it becomes thicker and looks like ordinary yellow pus. If the case is a severe one, the discharge may be blood stained, and if this symptom is present urination is more painful and more frequent. In about ten days the disease reaches its height; it remains stationary for a number of weeks and then slowly, seemingly, gets better. The discharge grows thinner, less in quantity and lighter in color. It may refuse, despite the most careful and efficient treatment, to stop altogether; it is then known as "gleet." If the discharge stops completely the patient is apparently cured, as far as any external manifestation of the disease is concerned. In seventy-five per cent. of the cases, however, this apparent cure is no cure at all, as will be seen later. Certain complications are likely to arise in the course of gonorrhea. The infection itself may be of such an acute or virulent type, that it invades the deeper structures of its own accord and despite the most careful, competent treatment; or if the treatment is not adequate or skillful it may be forced backward; or through neglect in not beginning the right kind of treatment in times, a simple infection may grow in degree into a serious disease, and invade the more important structures. In this way are produced disease of the bladder, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, testicles, and of the kidneys. Gonorrheal rheumatism may follow, and even disease of the lining membrane of the heart, and death. When disease of the dee er arts occur the atient is fre uentl inca acitated
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and compelled to go to bed. He may have chills, fever and sweats, intense pain and the passage of bloody urine. He may have to be operated upon, and his general health may be permanently wrecked. So long as the germs are present there is danger despite the most scientific treatment. It is not the quality of the treatment that is at fault, it is the presence of the germs; and since it is impossible to pursue any certain method of eradication, we must continue treatment—as long as the germs are present—and hope for favorable results. The infection may last for many years. The germs having found entrance into the small tubes in the interior organs they can only be dislodged with difficulty, if at all. These pockets of germs may be excited to renewed activity by sexual intercourse, or by injury to the parts, and may reinfect the patient at any times. In a very considerable number of these cases where the deeper structures are involved, the patient may recover from the acute or painful period of the disease, only to find that he is sterile. There are many such cases, and the most vindictive individual who may believe that every who sins should be punished will admit that sterility, as the price of a moment's forgetfulness, is a terrible fee to pay. Syphilis, or the "Pox,"  is an infectious, germ blood disease. It is most frequently acquired through sexual intercourse. It may be acquired by direct contact with a diseased person. In order to render such contact effective, it is essential that the skin of the healthy person be abraded, or the contact may be directly on a mucous membrane, as the mouth in the act of kissing. It may be acquired by using any article which has been used by a syphilitic, as a drinking cup, or towel. It may be acquired through hereditary transmission. Surgeons frequently contract syphilis while operating on, or examining patients who have the disease. Dentists may convey it by means of instruments which have not been rendered aseptic, or thoroughly clean. Using a towel which has been used by a syphilitic has many times conveyed the infection to an innocent party. For this reason the roller towel has been done away with, and some states have legislated against its use in hotels and other public places. To use dishes, spoons, tobacco pipe, beer glasses, etc., which have been used by one having the disease is an absolutely certain way of being infected. Cigars which may have been made by a syphilitic will infect whoever smokes them with the virus of the disease. Syphilis has been known to have been caught from using the church communion cup. The public drinking-cup has been a prolific source of syphilitic dissemination to innocents. Legislators are just waking up to the danger that lurks in this institution and it will no doubt be done away with, not only in public places, but on all railroad and steamboat lines. An infected mother can transmit syphilis to her child. If the father is affected, but not the wife, the child may escape. Syphilis attacks every organ in the human body. The actual degree of infection has no relation to the size or character of the external manifestations. The external evidence may be minute and insignificant, while the internal extent and ravages of the disease may be tremendous and of large proportions. Many men when asked regarding incidents of the long ago, may state, "Oh, yes, I had a chancre twenty-five years ago, but it was a very small affair and soon healed up and was cured." Yet that same little chancre, that made only a mild impression on the man's mind, may, and most probably will, be the direct cause of that man's death. It is not possible to tell with absolute certainty that an individual is suffering with syphilis by any known test. The most recent one—the Wassermann test—is not absolute by any means. The first symptoms, or what is known as the initial lesion of syphilis, is the chancre. The Chancre  is a small, hard tumor, or it may be a small ulcer with a hard base, or it may simply appear as a thin small patch on any mucous membrane. It is not painful, it can be moved if taken between the fingers, showing it is not attached to the deep structures, and when it is so moved it is not tender or sore. An little lum which ulcerates located on the enitals must be re arded with
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suspicion. Boys and men should not be satisfied with any offhand statement that, "it is nothing." It may be a chancre, and it may be exceedingly serious if not properly diagnosed. Systemic, or constitutional symptoms, begin to show themselves any time from the sixth to the tenth week after the appearance of the chancre. Eruptions of the Skin  characterize every case of syphilis. They occur in all degrees from the mild rash to the foul ulcer. The ulcerative process is very often extensive and loathsome. Mucous Patches and Ulcers affect the mucous membranes. The mouth and throat are favorite locations for these lesions. They occur in the anus and rectum, and may be mistaken in that region for other serious conditions. Men who drink and smoke suffer as a rule severely from mucous patches in the mouth and throat. Syphilis attacks the blood vessels and the lymphatic glands. These cases may have been unrecognized, and may have existed for many years. A man may die from a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain during middle life as a consequence of a forgotten, supposedly cured case of syphilis many years before. The Interior Organs may be attacked by syphilis. As a result we get disease of the liver, heart, stomach, kidneys, lungs, and other parts. It has been suggested that many diseases affecting these organs, for which treatment proves unsatisfactory, may have had their origin in a former syphilis. The Brain and Spinal Cord are quite often the seat of syphilitic affections. A tumor, known by the name of "gumma," is the result. The blood vessels of the entire nervous system may be affected and, as a consequence, we often see cases of paralysis, apoplexy, epilepsy, locomotor ataxia and death. The Nose, Eye, Ear, Throat , are frequently very seriously compromised as a result of the syphilitic poison. Deformity, caused by rotting of the bones of these parts is not infrequent. Loss of voice, or smell, or hearing, or sight, may result. The Hair and Nails may fall out. The bones may ulcerate and rot. The organs of procreation usually participate in the degenerative process. Virility is destroyed, and impotence is quite common after a severe attack. WHAT THE BOY WITH VENEREAL DISEASE MAY CAUSE IN OTHERS Gonorrhea. —When the average boy acquires gonorrhea he frequently does not know, for many weeks, that he is the victim of a dangerous, infectious disease. He appreciates probably, that it relates to the sexual indiscretion he was guilty of, and feels that it is something to be ashamed of. He therefore hides his condition, confides in no one, and blindly hopes it will get better somehow or at some time. Meantime the disease, which may have been mild at the beginning, is gradually gaining ground and strength, and his neglect may eventuate in lifelong misery. No means are taken to guard against spreading the infection, the discharge may lodge on his fingers and he may infect his eyes and may lose his sight because he did not know that the discharge is one of the most dangerous fluids known. It may get on water-closet seats and infect others. Eventually he is compelled to seek aid, and he may, after a long period, be freed from the immediate consequences of his folly. At a later date he marries, and as previously explained, he infects his wife. This is the beginning of much of the domestic infelicity that is so prevalent to-day, and, inasmuch as it is a subject that should be thoroughly understood by every woman and mother, I shall carefully and clearly explain its significance and its consequences. Let us first, however, briefly consider what may occur to others if the boy is unfortunate enough to acquire syphilis. Again the boy fails to comprehend the nature of his affliction. There is imminent danger of the members of his household becoming infected. He uses the same dishes, spoons, towels, and utensils, any one of which may convey the disease to his father, mother, sister, or brother. He may use the common drinking glass in school, college, or office, and spread the disease in this way. He may kiss any member of his family, or a bab , and infect them. He ma have his hair cut, or be shaved, and the virus
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may be spread around in this way if the barber does not sterilize the article used,—which he never does. He may drink at a soda fountain, or at a saloon, and the next individual to use the same glass may acquire the disease. He is a menace to the individual, to the community, and to the race. Wives often acquire syphilis from their husbands. The Infected Wife. —It has been previously stated that eight out of every ten males between the ages of sixteen and thirty, have had or have, gonorrhea or syphilis. Seventy-five per cent. of these cases have not been cured. About thirty-five per cent. of these are destined to infect wife, or wife and children, and in all probability many others. If a young wife acquires infection from her husband, she is exactly in the same condition as the diseased boy,—she does not know what ails her, so she wastes precious time in unprofitable worry. Why should she know what the trouble is? She came to the marriage bed pure, and clean, and healthy. Her previous education did not include instruction which would even help her to guess what the trouble might be. She is simply conscious of new distressing conditions which she does not understand. She may try to believe that these conditions are incidental to the change in her life. Shortly, however, the discharge, which she has had for a number of weeks, and which she thought was only a leucorrhea, or "the whites," becomes so profuse and nasty that she begins douching. This procedure simply blinds her to the true nature of the affection, and in the end she is driven, ashamed and reluctant, to consult a physician. She may be informed that her condition is bad, and that it will be necessary that she submit to a course of treatment. After a time the physician may succeed in tiding her over the immediate consequences of the gonorrheal infection she innocently acquired. She may soon after become pregnant, and she may miscarry as a result of the old trouble, or she may carry the child the full period. When the child is born it may be blind and this defect is a consequence of the old infection to the mother from the father. If the mother is syphilitic the child most likely will inherit all the horrible possibilities of transmitted blood-poison. Pregnancy frequently "lights up" any old, gonorrheal infection in the female, so this young wife fails to completely recover after the confinement. She is able to be about, but her strength refuses to be restored. It may be months later when she begins to suffer pain and to realize that she is quite sick. She develops a fever and may have a chill. The physician discovers that she has pus in her tubes and there is danger of peritonitis or general blood poisoning. The old germs have been roused and are active. Unfortunately they are located where it is impossible to dislodge them without resorting to a serious operation. It is now a problem of saving her life. She is taken to the hospital and her womb, tubes, and ovaries, are removed—she is unsexed. Young wives are being operated on every day, in every city in the civilized world for just such causes. It is a notorious fact, that, in every city in the world, the number of operations that are daily being performed on women, is increasing appallingly. Every surgeon knows that eighty per cent. of these operations are caused, directly or indirectly, by these diseases, and in almost every case in married women, they are obtained innocently from their own husbands. It is rare to find a married woman who is not suffering from some ovarian or uterine trouble, or some obscure nervous condition, which is not amenable to the ordinary remedies, and a very large percentage of these cases are primarily caused by infection obtained in the same way. When a girl marries she does not know what fate has in store for her, nor is there any possible way of knowing, under the present marriage system. If she begets a sickly, puny child,—assuming she herself has providentially escaped immediate disease,—she devotes all her mother love and devotion to her child, but she is fighting a hopeless fight as I previously explained when I stated that one-half of the total effort of one-third of the race, is expended in combating conditions against which no successful effort is possible. Even her prayers are futile, because the wrong is implanted in the constitution of the child and the remedy is beyond her power to find. These are the tragedies of life, which no words may adequately describe, and compared to which the incidental troubles of the world at large are as nothing. If the conditions are not as bad as those depicted above, the original infection ma have rendered her sterile. If the erms reached the womb and tubes, the
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inflammatory process may close these tubes, with the result that conception is impossible. In these cases the woman has to bear the stigma and disgrace of a childless union, though she is not the guilty party. Many husbands are sterile, however, as a result of venereal disease. It is claimed that eighty per cent. of childless marriages are caused by sterility of the male partner. Curiously and unfortunately these men never suspect themselves. The wife is the delinquent member, in their estimation. She is the victim of jest and suspicion, and later of jibes and insults. Many women have had their lives rendered miserable and unhappy because of this suspicion. They are compelled by their husbands to submit to examination and unpleasant and painful treatment and operations with the intention of rectifying a defective condition that does not exist. Many conscientious physicians refuse to treat women patients against whom the charge of sterility is made, before subjecting the husbands to thorough examination, and, since eighty per cent. of childless marriages are due to sterility in the male, this is a just and reasonable course to pursue. During the course of all this domestic trouble and tragedy, the young wife's health has suffered—she scarcely enjoys one day of good health. Her mental condition is even worse. She submits to innuendo and insult under the impression that she is the unwitting cause of all the domestic wretchedness and often wishes she had never entered the marriage state. We must remember that these conditions wreck ideals and homes, and that they frequently render inefficient both husband and wife. The economic business of marriage becomes a failure, ambition is crushed and hope dies in the heart. If the mother has been inoculated with the virus of syphilis her existence is equally wretched; her health is ruined; her efficiency is forever mortgaged. If she becomes pregnant she will most likely abort and she will go on aborting for years, in the effort to bring children into the home, accusing herself meantime and submitting to the reflections which are heaped upon her, while the real culprit is the husband. He assumes an injured and innocent attitude and behaves as if he had been imposed upon by marriage with a woman who cannot carry out her marital contract. If she gives birth to a child or children, they are syphilitic. They may be deformed, or they may be feeble-minded or idiots. They may live at home for years, always ailing, always sick. They may develop epilepsy, St. Vitus' dance, skin disease, or mental vagaries, and they may have to be put into institutions for the feeble-minded, or they may die by inches at home. Is the Husband to Blame? —If a boy had gonorrhea a number of years before entering the marriage state, was treated for it by a physician, until all symptoms had disappeared and had enjoyed apparent good health in the interim, and had never been told any of the facts regarding probable consequences, is it just to blame him if he infects his wife? It is certain no man would willingly subject his bride to the risk of infection, with all its horrible consequences. These conditions exist as a result of the prudish attitude of society in the past toward all questions affecting sex hygiene. We have not told all the truth to the boy. Whatever knowledge he may have had was gained from companions, or from individuals who knew the garbled facts only. There is of course no excuse for the man who acquires disease after marriage and conveys it to his wife or children. This is a very different situation and one which should merit the severest condemnation and punishment. We are, however, only interested in the boy at present and will not take up the reader's time with a discussion of the "social evil" from this standpoint. Building a Man. —When the boy is about fifteen years of age certain changes begin to manifest themselves. He grows more rapidly, a growth in which his whole system participates. His bones grow bigger and stronger, his muscles increase in size, even his heart, and lungs, and liver, and his digestive system accommodate themselves to this transformation; the voice changes and hair begins to grow on his face. The mental process also keeps pace with the new order of things. He thinks differently and he sees from a new viewpoint. Nature is making a man out of a boy. These changes were not understood in the past, but we are beginning to appreciate the reason for this evolutionary process. We have discovered that the cause depends upon certain active changes which take place in the sex organs. About this time the testicles begin to be active. For years these glands have been re arin themselves for this work, so the first row ra idl ,
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These are elegant and impressive wines with delicate aromas of fruit, refined varietal flavors and softened tannins on a background of premium oak wood flavors.

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Getting more and more childlike...  (Photo by Susanne Schuberth)

Getting more and more childlike…
(Photo by Susanne Schuberth – Kindergarten Erlöserkirche Dambach/Fürth)

Following the suggestion of a dear sister, I began to write blank-mindedly as usual another article of which I now only have the very next paragraph that was part of a comment I had written on her blog.
“So many think because they believe in Jesus, they are automatically indwelt by the Holy Spirit and would be able to do what Jesus did (love their enemies, for instance). However, it needs a very long time and countless anointings of His Spirit until we can love more and more people in more and more difficult situations. If there is no love in our hearts, then there is none, and we need to wait until the Holy Spirit fills us up to the brim.”

Just today I talked with someone who admitted that he was not able to love a woman who had often attacked him in the past decades. He said that he knew it was not “Christianlike” as he now decided to avoid her in the future and, maybe, he would change his mind any time later, yet currently he could not deal differently with her. Knowing that woman myself, I do know she has her issues as well and I understand both of them. Well, indeed, such are situations in which we might find ourselves again and again. Nobody of us is able to keep the law of Christ’s unconditional love and to only decide with his mind that he will be loving and kind toward everyone. I recall how often I was disappointed and discouraged when I found myself in that trap again, that is, when I had assumed I could behave differently toward particular persons, yet time and again, although I might have pulled myself together, I could clearly feel that I had the same negative attitude in my heart despite “better behavior”.

Indeed, God is not interested in our “pulling ourselves together”, especially when we draw near to Him. If I do not love God, I do not love God. Period. And if I cannot love my neighbor, I won’t ever be able to do so. Period again. The difficulties and trials begin when we try to solve such problems on our own by simply changing our behavior. Okay, okay, we might have prayed to God beforehand that He would change our hearts, and we might have hoped to turn out as a perfect saint in the twinkling of an eye. However, that is not what spiritual life is all about. Rome wasn’t built in a day, either, was it… 😉 The most important thing to me is that God loves me unconditionally and that I may tell Him whatever pops up in my mind. Although I do not understand it, I know and feel that He loves it when I am completely honest in every given situation. If I am mad at Him because He did not give me an answer as quickly as I had expected it, I tell Him about it. And I feel His peace. If I am mad at Him because I received a new revelation which He seemingly took away a few moments later, I complain about it. And I feel His peace. If He decides to change my circumstances so that I have more problems than ever, I pour my heart out before Him without any restriction. And, as you would have guessed, I feel His deep peace, and love (!), while doing so.

My brothers and sisters, that is what real love and intimacy with God is all about. We can be who we are! There is no natural necessity to wear a holy mask with the label “I am a loving Christian” on it. Actually, I have realized that God slowly enables me to love more and more people after hundreds (!!!) of anointings during the last 9 months. I had such experiences when He put His light and love into me often times before, but meanwhile those anointings happened so often that I cannot count them anymore. Nevertheless, although I see that there are more people I can understand and love, I still have my problems with particular persons and I do not know how to deal with them yet. Hopefully, after thousands of anointings by the Holy Spirit, things will get a bit better, still… 😉


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The Barley Chair was established in 2000 through contributions by International Paper Co. and generous support of the Everglades Foundation. It supports the internationally recognized research of the named Barley Chair holder, as well as funding post-doctoral collaborators and Ph.D. students at FIU.

Annual Reports

Past Chairs

Rudolf Jaffé (2009-2018)

Dr. Rudolf Jaffé's research is in environmental organic geochemistry and biogeochemistry of organic matter in freshwater and marine ecosystems. He is particularly interested in the application of molecular marker analysis in biogeochemical cycling of carbon. His group is heavily involved in studying the environmental dynamics of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM), including the molecular characterization of DOM components using a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, photo-degradation and bioavailability determinations, and addressing issues concerning climate change, land-use and anthropogenically impacted biogeochemical cycles. Dr. Jaffe's research group has been highly productive with ten publications this year, eight of which are related to the Everglades ecosystem.

Funded Research

  • Modeling long-term fluxes of carbon export
  • Photo-reactivity of dissolved organic matter to the bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen
  • Effects of salinity on mangrove species
  • Novel information regarding long-range effects of combustion derived organic matter in Antarctica and in the cryosphere worldwide through a collaboration with the University of Colorado

Financial Support

  • Salary for graduate students
  • Support for travel to present our results at national and international conferences
  • Laboratory equipment and supplies

  • The effect of land-use on the composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (mainly soil derived) and dissolved black carbon (fire derived) in a large watershed (Altamaha River, GA)
  • Assessment of the 'age' of dissolved organic carbon in the greater Everglades, a collaborative effort with the Fish and Wildlife Commission and the University of South Florida.

The above ongoing research activities are expected to further enhance our knowledge on human effects of the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, including the Greater Everglades.


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No coding for Windows users from today. Today we are happy to announce the new downloader for Windows 7/10 for end of day historical data. With this Windows Downloader (or EODLoader) application, it’s easy to download even the entire US stock market, with more than 47.000 active tickers we track,…