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Income tax in the United States

form of taxation in the United States

In the United States, people have to pay income taxes to the United States government, most state governments, and many local governments. This means that people have to pay taxes to these governments, based on how much money they earn.

Income taxes are based on what a person earns in one calendar year – between January 1 and December 31.

When it takes income taxes, the government takes a percentage of a person's income. This percentage is called an income tax rate. In other words, the income tax rate is the part, or portion, of a person's income that the government takes.[1]

The United States government, and most states, use progressive tax rates. This means that as a person earns more income, their income tax rate gets higher. In other words, as a person earns more money, they have to pay more taxes.[2]

Every year, the government divides incomes into categories. These categories are called tax brackets. Each tax bracket includes a range of incomes – the lowest and highest amounts a person could earn to be in that tax bracket.[3]

Tax brackets are important because each one is taxed at a different tax rate. In other words, a person in a higher income category has to pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes. The tax rates for each different tax bracket are called marginal tax rates.[3]

For example, in 2016, these are the tax brackets and marginal tax rates for single people:

If a person earns this much income
(They are in this tax bracket):
The government can take this percentage of their income
(This is their marginal tax rate):
$0 – $9,275 10%
$9,276 – $37,650 15%
$37,651 – $91,150 25%
$91,151 – $190,150 28%
$190,151 – $413,350 33%
$413,351 – $415,050 35%
$415,051 and above 39.6%

Not all income is taxed at the same rateEdit

However, this does not mean that a person making $415,051 is paying 39.6% of that entire $415,051 in income taxes. Tax rates in the United States are marginal. This means that different portions of a person's income get taxed at different rates.

For example, if a person earns $9,276 in a year, they do not have to pay 15% of that whole amount. The first $9,275 that they earned falls into the first tax bracket ($0 – $9275, which has a 10% tax rate). The person pays the 10% tax rate for all of their income that fell into that tax bracket. The person has only $1 left in income that falls into the next tax bracket ($9,276 – $37,650). They only have to pay that tax bracket's tax rate of 15% on that one dollar.

In other words, what the chart above really means is that in 2016, for a single person:

A person will have to pay this tax rate: For this part of their income ONLY:
10% Anything between $0 – $9,275
15% Anything above $9,275, up to $37,650
25% Anything above $37,650, up to $91,150
28% Anything above $91,150, up to $190,150
33% Anything above $190,150, up to $413,350
35% Anything above $413,350, up to $415,050
39.6% Anything above $415,050

Not all income is taxableEdit

Usually, the government uses a person's gross income to decide how much they should be taxed. A person's gross income is every dollar they have earned in a year.

However, there are some types of income that the government cannot take as part of income taxes.

Deductions are certain kinds of costs that the government does not tax. The government will decrease (or "deduct") these costs from a person's gross income. This means the government will be taxing the person on less income.[2]

There are many kinds of deductions. There are some deductions that anyone who pays taxes can take. For example, if a person has paid to move, paid into a retirement fund, or paid student loan interest, they can take these costs off their gross income. The government will not tax these costs.[2]

The federal government also gives a standard deduction to most people who are paying income taxes. For example, in 2015, the standard deduction for a single person was $6,300. The government does not tax this amount.[4]

Sometimes people have other deductions that will add up to more than the standard deduction. These can also be used to decrease the amount of income the government can tax a person on.[a][6]

Personal exemptionsEdit

The federal government allows each person who files taxes to take a tax deduction called a "personal exemption." When the United States Congress created tax rules in 1954, they thought a certain amount of money should not be taxed so that a person could spend that money on food, housing, and other basic needs. In 2015, the personal exemption for one person was $4,000. Most people can take another exemption for their spouse, and another for each child in their home.[7]

State deductionsEdit

Many states have their own deductions. For example, if a person in Massachusetts pays rent to a landlord, they can deduct half of their rent (up to $3,000) from the amount of income the government can tax them on.[8]

The federal government also offers tax credits. This means that if a person spends money on certain things, and meets all the rules of the credit program, the credit can be up to 35 percent of your qualifying expenses, depending upon your adjusted gross income. For example, the Child and Dependent Care Credit is for parents who work, but have to pay over $3,000 a year for someone to take care of their children while they are working. Each credit has many different rules that people must meet. However, if they do meet them, the federal government will take $3,000 off of their taxes, to help the parents continue to work.[9]

Filing taxesEdit

Every year, most people in the United States must file a report of their income from the year, their deductions, credits, and any other special tax issues. This report is called a tax return. The tax return helps work out what a person might owe the government in taxes. On the other hand, if a person has been paying their taxes bit by bit, the government may owe them money. This is called a tax refund.

Usually, all tax returns are due by April 15.[10] However, because of holidays in Washington, D.C., sometimes "Tax Day" comes a few days later.

Filing statusEdit

There are a five different ways that a person, or a couple, can file their tax returns:[11]

  1. Single: People file this way if they are not married and do not fit under any of the other five categories
  2. Married Filing Jointly: A married couple can file just one tax return if they want to. Both people put their income and other information on the same tax form. This is usually called a "joint return."
  3. Married Filing Separately: A married couple can file two different tax returns, one for each person, if they want to pay their taxes separately
  4. Head of Household: A person can file this way if they are not married; they pay most of the costs for their home; and a certain type of relative lived with them for more than half of the past year
  5. Qualified Widower with Dependent Child: If a person's spouse died during the tax year, the person can still file a joint return, as if their spouse was still alive. A widower can only do this in the year that their spouse died.

Sometimes a person fits into more than one of these categories. If this happens, they are allowed to file their taxes using the category that will let them pay the least amount of taxes.[11]

Filing status is important because many things change based on what filing status a person files their taxes under. For example:[11]

  • Tax brackets and marginal income tax rates are different for every filing status
  • The standard deduction is different for different filing statuses
  • People in some tax brackets may not be eligible for certain deductions and tax credits
  • A person's filing status may affect whether they have to file a tax return at all

Example of a tax calculationEdit

Here is a basic example of how a person would work out what they have to pay in taxes, based on their income, filing status, and deductions.

  • Gross (total) income: $20,000
  • Filing Status: Single
  • Deductions: Standard deduction ($6,300) and one personal exemption ($4,000)

First the person needs to work out their taxable income. This is the amount of income the government can tax. It does not include deductions, since the government does not tax those. So, to get their taxable income, the person needs to subtract their deductions from their gross income. In other words:

$20,000 (gross income) – $6,300 (standard deduction) – $4,000 (personal exemption) = $9,700 taxable income

Now the person can use lists of tax brackets and marginal tax rates to figure out what they owe in taxes. Here are the tax brackets and marginal tax rates that apply to this person:

Tax bracket Marginal tax rate Which means... A person will have to pay this tax rate: For this part of their income ONLY:
$0 – $9,275 10% 10% Anything between $0 – $9,275
$9,276 – $37,650 15% 15% Anything above $9,275, up to $37,650
  • Out of $9,700 in taxable income:
    • The first $9,275 will always be taxed at 10%. $9,275 x 10% = $927.50.
    • The person has $425 of income above $9,275. This $425 will be taxed at 15%. $425 x 15% = $63.75
  • Total income tax is $927.50 + $63.75 = $991.25

This person is paying only 4.9% of their gross (total) income to the government in income taxes.

What federal income taxes pay forEdit

According to the White House, in 2014, the United States government spent people's federal income taxes on these things:[12]

of Taxes
Spent On For Example
27.49%[b] Health care Medicare and Medicaid (help paying medical costs for elderly ex-workers and for very poor, often disabled people
23.91% National defense Defending the country; paying soldiers' salaries; paying for new weapons for the U.S. military
18.17% Job and family security Programs to give free food, tax credits, and other help poor families
9.07% Net interest The total amount of interest the U.S. had to pay to other countries who have given the U.S. loans
5.93% Veterans' benefits Pays for health care, home loans, pensions, education, and help with disabilities for veterans
3.59% Education and job training Financial aid (which helps students pay for university); job training programs; special education
2.00% Immigration, law enforcement, and administration of justice Making the borders secure, paying for lawsuits, other court-related costs
1.85% International affairs Spending on humanitarian aid for other countries; spending on U.S. Embassies across the world
1.64% Natural resources, energy, and environment Controlling pollution, making energy, making the environment cleaner
1.13% Science, space, and technology programs Spending on science, scientific research, and the space program
0.97% Agriculture Money paid to farmers to help them grow crops; agricultural research; crop insurance
0.43% Community, area, and regional development Spending on things to make communities stronger, like building housing and community centers
0.39% Responding to natural disasters Costs of helping Americans (and American businesses) who have survived a major natural disaster
3.42% Other government programs All other government programs, like controlling trade and making the government work

What state and local income taxes pay forEdit

Every state gets to decide where to spend the income tax it collects (its income tax revenue). Different states use this money for different things, at different times.

Education and health careEdit

In 2015, a report looked at what every state spent its income tax revenue on. It found that most of state income tax dollars went to pay for education and health care.[14]

Specifically, states spent over half of their income tax revenues on three different things:[14]

  • Public elementary and secondary schools. Together, state and local governments have to pay 90% of public school costs.[d] These include things like paying teachers, buying books, and paying for all the other things schools need. On average, the states paid one-fourth of their income tax revenues toward public education.
  • Higher education. States paid about 13% of their income tax revenues to support community colleges, state (public) universities, and vocational schools.
  • Health care. The states have to help the federal government pay for some health care programs, like Medicaid. These programs help pay for health care for poor people, the elderly, and people with disabilities. States spent about 16% of their income tax revenues on these programs.
Income taxes help make sure bridges like the Brooklyn Bridge in New York are safe and get fixed when they need to

Other thingsEdit

The 2015 report found that the states spent the other half of their income tax revenues on many different things. Here are some examples.

Transportation makes up about 5% of the states' spending. Income taxes pay for many things, like:[14]

States spend about 4% of their income tax revenue on corrections. These income taxes pay for things like:[14]

  • Prisons (including paying guards, and paying the costs of keeping prisoners locked up safely)
  • Treatment programs in prison (for example, for people with addictions)
  • Educational and job training programs in prison
  • Programs for children who commit crimes
Police are often paid by state or local income taxes

Other "public services"Edit

Many states also use income tax revenues to pay for important "public services," like:[15][16][17][18]

  1. Examples of allowed deductions include:[5]
  2. This means that for every dollar a person paid in taxes in 2014, 27.49 cents went to pay for health care.
  3. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had to clean up this pond so the pollution would not spread to Great Salt Lake, the largest salt-water lake in the Western Hemisphere.[13]
  4. The federal government pays the other 10%.[14]
  5. The bars in purple are corporate income taxes – income taxes paid by corporations. The bars in green are personal income taxes – income taxes paid by individual people and families.
  6. These states are Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming.

  1. "What are Income Tax Rates? Updated for Tax Year 2015". TurboTax: Taxes 101. Intuit. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bernard, Tara Siegel (January 21, 2009). "Income Taxes: What You Need to Know". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "CNBC Explains: What Is the Marginal Tax Rate?". CNBC. CNBC LLC. November 20, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  4. "Table 20.1. Standard Deduction Chart for Most People". Publication 17 (2015), Your Federal Income Tax: For Individuals. United States Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  5. "Part Five – Standard Deduction and Itemized Deductions". Publication 17 (2015), Your Federal Income Tax: For Individuals. United States Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  6. "Standard Deduction vs. Itemized Deductions". H&R Block. HRB Digital LLC. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  7. "3. Personal Exemptions and Deductions". Publication 17 (2015), Your Federal Income Tax: For Individuals. United States Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  8. "Guide to Personal Income Tax: Rent Paid". Massachusetts Department of Revenue. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  9. "32. Child and Dependent Care Credit". Publication 17 (2015), Your Federal Income Tax: For Individuals. United States Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  10. Terrell, Ellen (2012). "History of the US Income Tax". Business Reference Services. United States Library of Congress. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 "2. Filing Status". Publication 17 (2015), Your Federal Income Tax: For Individuals. United States Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  12. "Your 2004 Taxpayer Receipt: Want to know how your federal tax dollars are being spent?". Government of the United States. 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  13. "Great Salt Lake." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 "Policy Basics: Where Do Our State Tax Dollars Go?". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  15. "State and Local Taxes". United States Department of the Treasury. December 5, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  16. Schiller, Zach (March 2012). Ohio needs a strong income tax (PDF) (Report). Policy Matters Ohio. pp. 1–3. Retrieved April 15, 2016. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  17. Feldman, Andy (April 14, 2012). "What do our state taxes pay for?". Milwaukee-Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  18. Brennan, Linda Crotta (2015). Understanding Taxes. Real World Math: Personal Finance. Cherry Lake. p. 9. ISBN 978-1633627574.

Other websitesEdit


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Southern Shade eJuice - Blueberry Sweet Tea

  • $ 19.99

Here in the South, we like our tea sweet. Sometimes, we even welcome the addition of fresh fruit. During late Spring, the blueberry bushes bestow us with sweet, ripe berries. I think you know where this is headed. Enjoy this refreshing combination of sun-brewed sweet tea and natural blueberries fresh from the garden. I hear a creaky front porch with an old rockin chair calling your name. Let's not keep them waiting.

75% VG

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Norris wins IndyCar iRacing debut

Formula 1 driver Lando Norris embarrassed the field in his IndyCar iRacing debut by dominating Saturday’s race at virtual Circuit of the Americas in Texas.

Norris was poised to begin his second F1 season with McLaren in March when a team member tested positive for the new coronavirus at the season-opening Australian Grand Prix and the series immediately suspended competition.

The 20-year-old British driver is a skilled iRacer and competed in the virtual event for Arrow McLaren SP, an IndyCar team that McLaren partnered with for this season to enter the American series.

Norris dominated qualifying to start from the pole and relinquished the lead during a pit stop. He then picked his way back through the 33-driver field on the virtual road course in Austin, Texas, and regained the lead with four laps remaining when Felix Rosenqvist spun.

His victory snapped a three-race iRacing winning streak for Team Penske that included consecutive victories by Simon Pagenaud.

Norris overcame a spin after his pit stops, then a challenge from Arrow McLaren rookie Patricio O’Ward.

“It was a tough race especially Pato chasing me down on new tires at the end,” Norris said. “I didn’t think I’d get back to the front after that spin.”

Norris had more than 20,000 viewers streaming his race on the gaming app Twitch as he crossed the finish line — numbers that dwarf any of the regular IndyCar competitors.

O’Ward gave Arrow McLaren a 1-2 finish, followed by Rosenqvist of Chip Ganassi Racing.

“It was good, but man, Lando is quick in the SIM,” said O’Ward, who turns 21 in May and is re-adjusting to racing on a simulator after letting it sit idle during real competition.

“I just got it back up and running ever since we started this iRacing challenge in IndyCar. But I’m proud that we got 1-2, I was pushing hard at the end to get to him and couldn’t get him.”

Norris, who competed via an invitation from IndyCar, said he uses the simulator as a tool to sharpen his skills. He said his rig “is the best stuff you can get, which is important because I really see using SIM to help my driving and work with my engineer.

“I don’t just use it for fun, I use it for a lot of work. To replicate things in real life.”

IndyCar had planned to compete next race at “a dream track” not currently on the circuit for what is supposed to be the series’ iRacing finale. Instead, the series announced after the race it will compete next weekend at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in a 175-mile event for a 33-driver field. The league will give guaranteed spots to all full-time IndyCar entrants, as well as any winner of a previous iRacing event, which makes Norris, Australian V8 SuperCars champion Scott McLaughlin and part-time IndyCar driver Sage Karam eligible.

The remaining slots in the field will be determined by a Wednesday qualifying session that mimics actual Indy 500 qualifying — drivers will earn their starting position based on their average speed over four laps.

IndyCar suspended its season two days before the March 15 opening race and the Indianapolis 500 has been moved to August. The series is hoping to start its season June 6 at Texas Motor Speedway, the next race on the schedule that has yet to be canceled or postponed.


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Offshore wind energy

Innovative company network for offshore energy drills into economic potential

Offshore energy is a growth market with a large export potential for our companies. It is also a challenging market with a capital-intensive and risky nature, market consolidation, multidisciplinary and technological diversity and a strong drive towards performance increase and cost reduction. The market complexity demands a structured cluster effect that focuses on innovation supported by cooperation, among ourselves and with foreign stakeholders, to make maximum use of the economic potential of offshore energy in Flanders.

Those who operate in offshore energy or want to discover the possibilities to develop innovative products and services for their company, can, since 2017, reach out to the innovative business network (IBN) for offshore energy. This IBN provides substantive support to elaborate innovative projects related to offshore wind, wave and tidal energy. Sirris has taken the lead in this partnership with project partners Ghent University, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Agoria.

Via the cluster effect, (technological) knowledge can be linked at an accelerated pace to effective implementation, market-focused R&D investments are supported by demonstrations, new value chains can be realised on the basis of integrated solutions and the Flemish content can be represented in international forums on research, development and innovation.

The IBN currently has 40 members.

Corrosion solutions make the offshore sector more competitive

How can a new sector benefit from the knowledge and experience of traditional sectors? This is the starting premise of the Europese NeSSIE project (NeSSIE stands for North Sea Solutions for Innovation in Corrosion for Energy). The objective of NeSSIe is to create investment opportunities for offshore renewable energy by tackling the costs linked to corrosion.

Sustainable solutions for corrosion are one of the greatest challenges with regard to offshore systems because of the impact of corrosion on structural integrity and maintenance costs. Addressing corrosion is, therefore, the determining factor for the competitiveness of offshore energy when compared to traditional energy extraction.

The aim of NeSSIE is to stimulate strategic partnerships to start new business opportunities in the maritime industry. Three investment-ready demonstration projects are also being elaborated. These present corrosion solutions for the wind, wave and tidal energy sector. During an initial step, available corrosion-prevention solutions were mapped in a state-of-the-art document.

Sirris is also involved in the consortium through the OWI-Lab (Offshore Wind Infrastructure Application Lab), contributing essential technological input.

Award for the best publication for OWI-Lab at the Offshore Wind Energy conference

The long-term R&D efforts of the OWI-Lab at the offshore wind farm Belwind were rewarded with the award for the best R&D publication in the 'turbine technology' category during the Offshore Wind Energy conference held in London (UK).

Since 2011, the OWI-Lab has been measuring accelerations at the Belwind wind farm on the foundations of an offshore wind turbine with a monopile substructure. In the first instance, the objective of this R&D measuring project was to validate the design through on-site measurements on the operational wind turbine. The resonance frequencies were especially important to the operator since these can provide insight into the long-term condition of the seabed at the wind farm site. The results have shown that the second resonance frequency has gradually increased in five years time. This long-term evolution demonstrates that the seabed conditions change as time passes depending on the offshore wind, which justifies the continued monitoring of resonance frequencies.

The award-winning R&D publication is by Wout Weijtjens, a researcher at the OWI-Lab.

OWI-Lab, R&D partner of and for the wind industry

In 2017 the OWI-Lab continued to support the wind sector by supplying content.

OWI-Lab and a few project partners were present at the Smart@Sea breakout session on wind energy on 20 April in Oostend which is part of the OWOME VIS project (Offshore Wind O&M Excellence - Vlaams Innovatiesamenwerkingsverband; Flemish Innovation Partnerships). This event related to digitisation in the offshore wind energy sector put players from the IT sector in contact with offshore energy players to discover mutual synergies.

On 21 September, the Belgian Energy Research Alliance (BERA) together with the Offshore Energy IBN (in which the OWI-Lab is also involved), TWEED (Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development) and VLIZ (Flanders Marine Institute) are organising a brokerage event to connect the Belgian offshore wind industry with research centres to stimulate innovation. In addition to OWI-Lab, the Sirris Data Innovation department will also be represented at the brokerage event.

The focus of the 'Optimising Wind Farms In Cold Climates' event that took place on 17 and 18 October in Antwerp was on the commercial and technical complexities that hinder the operation of wind farms. The technical complexity could be perfectly demonstrated in the climate chamber of the OWI-Lab. Wind turbines, after all, confront icy conditions more and more often in various areas of the world. The turbines in these climate conditions must sometimes be disconnected and restarted. It is, therefore, essential that specific components are tested for a cold start. A test demonstration under extreme temperatures at the OWI-Lab was attended by a delegation of manufacturers, owners and service providers from the wind industry as part of this event. These stakeholders witnessed the effect of low temperatures and black ice on important components. Alongside the wind turbine transformer tests, samples of anti-ice coatings and ice detection on small wind turbine blades were also tested.

The WindEurope Conference & Exhibition, the international conference and trade fair for and about wind energy on land and at sea took place in the RAI in Amsterdam from 28 to 30 November 2017. The event conference programme was strong. It included topics on turbine technology ranging from funding to logistics but also Operations & Maintenance (O&M) with speakers from leading companies, the authorities and research institutions and universities. The Belgian sector was appropriately represented by various stand holders. The OWI-Lab shared a stand with Fabriek voor de Toekomst Blue Energy at the trade fair.


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June 22, 2008

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I love the organic, natural noise of almost any space, from the birdcalls and babbling brooks of the rural countryside, to the crash of the waves at the beach, to the machinery, clash and chaos of a big city.

In fact, after 12+ years of living in New York City, a few blocks away from one of the city's biggest hospitals, an ambulance siren rocks me to sleep like a lullaby, and when I'm down in North Carolina, I have to have a radio on in the background to get to sleep. :-)

But I absolutely share your contempt for packaged audio in public places... and now, video, too. New York City recently hit a new low, installing television screens in taxicabs, spewing ads and happy-talk local news segments... thankfully, there's still an off button on the damned contraption.

I too have always hated musak. The ever-present music in retail stores drives me nuts. Perhaps it's there so we will be in a hurry to get away from and not consider our purchases carefully, comparing prices, ingredients, size, etc.

Being a musician, I always thought it was just my inability to "tune out" the music and my internal criticism of its value. It seemed like everybody else liked it.

I'm glad to hear that I'm not alone.

Muzak, bad as it is, is fundamentally Background Noise, albeit subtly designed to elicit certain behaviors: Big Brother writ on a musical staff.

Far more annoying to me is the subsonic thud-thud-thud of someone driving by in a car with a 3000 watt sound system, playing a song the bass line of which is intended to loosen the teeth in their sockets.

Out on the streets of Washington, D.C. there is a spirit of isolationism exemplified by at least 90% of those walking around insulated within their cocoon of iPod- or MP3-ism. Why interact with your fellow humans when you can do long term damage to your hearing (if I can hear the head-banging sounds - then it's too doggone loud, kids)?!

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Field Trips

Field trips are an essential part of our curriculum. Students develop their problem solving abilities and a keen sense of geological concepts through field experiences. Listed below are some of the field trips that are a regular part of our courses. Students also gain experiences through research and internships.

Central Pennsylvania – geological mapping and land use planning.

Sterling Hill Mine, New Jersey – mineralogy, petrology, and economic geology

Georgia – modern coastal processes

Kentucky – sedimentary environments and environmental geology

West Virginia/Virginia/Maryland – tectonics and sedimentary basins

Catskill Mountains, New York – structural geology

Northwest Pennsylvania – glacial geology, hydrogeology, stratigraphy & sedimentology coastal processes along Lake Erie, bedrock fractures


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Samantha (Sam) Friedman (1997)

Current Position: Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Albany, SUNY

Brief Bio: Dr. Friedman’s research focuses on housing market discrimination, racial and ethnic segregation, and the neighborhood attainment of racial and ethnic groups by nativity, generation, socioeconomic status, and familial status.  She is currently studying the impact of housing on asthma and the association between disability status and housing and neighborhood conditions.  Dr. Friedman will be on sabbatical  (2014-2015) on a Fulbright fellowship doing a comparative study of residential segregation by socioeconomic status between Turkey and the U.S.  She was the lead author of the HUD-sponsored study, An Estimate of Housing Discrimination against Same-Sex Couples.  Also she was co-author of The Housing Divide: How Generations of Immigrants Fare in New York’s Housing Market (2007) and has published articles in several journals including Demography, Social Problems, Social Science Research, and Urban Studies.

Penn State’s Demography Program: I am a proud Penn State graduate.  The program provides excellent training in sociology and demography as evidenced by the national and international visibility of its alumni.

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Pompeo Calls on Vatican to Reconsider Deal With Beijing

U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo vowed to advocate for persecuted religious minorities in China while calling on the Vatican to reconsider renewing a deal with Beijing.”Nowhere is religious freedom under assault more than it is inside of China today,” Pompeo said Wednesday in Rome, Italy. ”Nor of course have Catholics been spared this wave of repression.”   Pompeo’s latest remarks come as the Vatican and China are negotiating to renew a controversial 2018 agreement on the nomination of bishops. The terms of that deal have not been publicly revealed.   U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, left, and U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See Callista Gingrich greet Cardinal Raymond Burke, right, during a symposium in Rome, Sept. 30, 2020.While admitting nation-states’ efforts to protect religious freedom are “constrained by the realities of world politics,” Pompeo made a subtle appeal to the Vatican to reverse the planned renewal under way.   “The Church is in a different position. Earthly considerations shouldn’t discourage principled stances based on eternal truths.”  Wednesday, the U.S. Embassy to the Holy See hosted a symposium on “Advancing and Defending International Religious Freedom through Diplomacy.” Holy See Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, and Holy See Secretary for Relations with States Archbishop Paul Gallagher also participated.  A senior State Department official confirmed the top U.S. diplomat is not scheduled to have an audience with Pope Francis during this visit.     Pompeo met with the pontiff last October.    State Department: Pompeo, Pope Francis Urge Religious Freedom in Mideast, ElsewhereSecretary of state, whose trip to Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Greece has been overshadowed by an impeachment inquiry at home targeting President Donald Trump, met the pope for about a half an hourThe Pope’s office reportedly told American diplomats he would not personally receive Pompeo due to concerns of being seen as influencing the November U.S. election.  The U.S. secretary of state also met Wednesday with the Italian foreign minister.

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Category: Classic Rock

En La Luna - Various - Brazil After Dark (CD)

8 thoughts

  1. V.A. - L'Integrale Jazz - 10 CD CD 01 [] Solitude (Billie Holiday) () Fools Rush In (Glenn Miller) () Si.
  2. Find La Luna discography, albums and singles on AllMusic. Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window.
  3. Jan 14,  · Visitar la tienda de Luna en Amazon. Customer reviews. out of 5 stars. out of 5. 22 customer ratings. 5 star 61% 4 star 21% 3 star 11% 2 star 0% (0%) 0% 1 star Some of her You Tube performances sound better than this CD. Ms Lee is hampered by backup musicians that play over her rather than accompany her/5(22).
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  5. Summer , I picked this up the same time I picked up Cafe Samba. Both came after Brazilectro 5. Little did I know that these two cd's (Cafe Samba and Rio After Dark) would be fantastic companion pieces. While Cafe Samba has a bit of a slower vibe, Rio After Dark kicks in with some pretty good Latin House and a splash of bossa.4/4(1).
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  7. Fugazi Live Series A-Z. Update: Since the beginning of we've picked up the pace and are now adding new show recordings to the site weekly instead of monthly. Hopefully, this pace will continue until we have the complete collection of over concert recordings available for download.

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Covid-19 Information: Resources you might find helpful HERE

L.K.R. Enterprises, Inc.

At a Glance

St. Lawrence County IDA

L.K.R. Enterprises, Inc. was formed in July 1996 when the company acquired two Great American Supermarkets (one
located in Watertown, the other in Boonville) from Victory Market Corporation, LLC.
In April 2016, L.K.R. Enterprises, Inc. acquired and reopened the former Padgett’s IGA store in Star Lake allowing for
the availability of goods and services to residents of the municipality where the project is located, that would not be
otherwise available in that area due to its rural location.
The Company is family-owned with several years of experience in the grocery retail market.
L.K.R. Enterprises, Inc was approved for $100,000 in loan financing in 2016 by the St. Lawrence County Industrial
Development Agency Local Development Corporation and Greater Massena Economic Development Fund to assist
with working capital needed for the acquisition, renovations, equipment, inventory and soft costs associated with
reopening the Star Lake store. Recently, the company requested additional loan financing to provide working capital
for the purposes of expanding their marketing initiatives.

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North Country Dairy, LLC

North Country Dairy is part of the Upstate Niagara Cooperative family of more than 360 farms in New York that produce a range of dairy products including milk, yogurt, dip, cottage cheese and ice cream sold to retailers and food institutions in New York and surrounding areas.

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LC Drives Rural Business Development Grant and IDA-LDC River Valley Bridge Loan

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Month: February 2015

Julia Drouin to attend fMRI training course

drouin_website-150x150Congratulations to Julia Drouin, SLHS Ph.D. student, who has been accepted to the NIH-funded “Training Course in fMRI” at the University of Michigan. This 2-week intensive training will be very influential in advancing Julia’s research expertise. Ms. Drouin is a 1st-year Ph.D. student in the SLaP Lab (Dr. Rachel M. Theodore, PI). Well done!


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Exclusive: Asians in uproar at German opera poster

The poster for a new German production of Madam Butterfly would not normally occasion much attention.

But the one in Braunschweig has proved so offensive that all Korean and Cinese musicians in the Braunschweig orchestra have signed and sent an official protest letter to the management, demanding its removal.

Can you see what’s so appalling?

The design incorporates the rising sun, symbolic of Japan’s brutal occupation of China and Korea in the 1940s.

Sara Kim, principal viola of Gewandhaus Orchestra, has written independently to Braunschweig Opera, asking for the poster to be taken down. They replied that the image is not meant to be triumphalist, and will be destroyed during the performance.

None of this has satisfied the Chinese and Koreans in the company.

They regard it as insensitive at best, at worst a racial insult.

The production team look very pleased with the poster. Braunschweig have promised to issue a statement ‘some time this week.’

That’s German for crisis management.

Not to mention the stage flooring.

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  • There appears to be no “sun” at the center, and the color scheme is quite different. IMO not quite the same as swastikas or burning crosses/noose, etc. Seems like an over reaction.

      • Got it, that definitely changes the conversation. However, isn’t the context and usage within the production important? Can’t change history and censorship in artistic matters never works out properly.

    • Yes, the very tiny and passive changes are done. The poster shows the beams in red+ black instead of original colour, red + white. However it leaves exactly the same impression like the one from the Japanese imperial war flag.
      Anybody else can try to persuade the published Design is different. IMO the swastika is swastika in any different color!
      It is never too late to say sorry.

      • Most stage directors hired in Germany are so shallow that they don’t undertake even light research or examine their own initial ideas, and the Intendants who run the opera companies fail in their duty of artistic oversight, spending public money on ANY concept that looks new for a given work, and big money if the régisseur they have hired is a “name.” Meanwhile the politicians, or “culture ministers,” who in turn are supposed the oversee the spending, are usually ignorant, as we see in numerous Slipped Disc reports. This is true not just in midsize cities like Braunschweig but in the places where hundreds of millions of Euros are spent on opera yearly — Munich’s Bavarian State Opera being the busiest and richest, with dozens and dozens of ugly, uninformed, cliché-riddled, would-be-shocking, unfaithful, dramaturgically illogical, self-serving, designer-branded stagings.

        And of course Koreans and Chinese have reason to be outraged by the use of a flag that represents invasion and rape of their countries! Most Japanese are repelled by it too.

        Japan, by the way, repeatedly says sorry. It is the artists and adminstrators who rarely account.

        • According to your statement their would be permanent uproar in the German opera companies because of such incidents. Even you know know that’s not the fact. So do you believe this crap you mentioned here?

    • Seems like I’d be careful before telling Koreans and Chinese they’re over-reacting over symbols recalling crimes against humanity performed against their countries and populations.

  • But it all depends on what the mise-en-scene is.

    There certainly have been Wagner operas set in Nazi Germany; a Butterfly set in Imperial Japan is possible. I can see a production where Butterfly is not a geisha but actually a comfort woman. Offensive? Provocative? Artistic liberty?

    It’s only if the imperial flag were used totally out of context of the stage production, or out of pure ignorance, that it is problematic.

  • I can see why.

    Someone in Germany (where anti-Nazi laws are common) should understand that the Rising Sun flag was THE symbol for Nazi Germany’s #1 ally, Imperial Japan.

    It was a world war, after all, and many scholars believe it started in Asia, not Europe.

  • Is it not possible to stage Butterfly in Japan in the 1940s? What if the production portrays them as a brutal society?
    (Would that then be offensive to the Japanese?)
    I think one would need to know in which context the flag is used before judging.

  • I obviously do not know this new production, but I have a feeling that Koreans and Chinese have overreacted. I doubt that it would be a production advocating Japanese triumphalism. Then these are sensitive topics. I remember even in Germany there was some booing after a production of Damnation of Faust on Nazi themes directed by one of the Monty Python guys. After all this time, there is still some rawness about events of that period in the 20th century.

  • I can certainly understand the objections to the flag, but it is not quite the same as using a swastika since its history predates the era of Japanese militarism and atrocities, while the swastika is strictly associated with only the Nazis. The symbol has been used in Japan since the 17th century and was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army at the end of the 19th century. The flag is currently flown by the Japanese Navy and a modified version by the Japanese ground forces. It is still used in Japan in as a symbol of good fortune. So it is not a forbidden symbol like the swastika, though obviously still problematic. I wonder how it will be used in the context of the opera. Or should that even be considered?

    It also speaks to some of the changes in Germany that the Korean and Chinese communities now have strong enough voices to register this protest. I wonder what the reaction is in Dusseldorf which has a large Japanese community, (about 8400 people), and in Nordrhein-Westfalen as a whole where there are over 14,000 Japanese, and where Japanese firms employ over 52,000 people. My guess is that even the Japanese would rather not have this symobl on display in Germany and the tension it causes.

    • In point of fact the swastika is an ancient Asian symbol signifying spirituality, good fortune and the like. It has a long and happy history until the sign was co-opted by Hitler. It has an expansive cultural history, and is still in evidence in many parts of Asia, with no reference at all to Nazism and its horrors.

      There is a mining town in Northern Ontario named Swastika; some years ago it was approached about changing the name, but as the town long predates Hitler and Nazism, and the name was chosen as a symbol of luck and good fortune — both essential in mining! — the residents refused.

      • True. What I meant to say is that the rising sun flag was used by Japan well before its aggressive imperial era, but that the swastika was never used by Germany except by the Nazis.

      • I think it depends on the chirality. I mean there’s a left-handed swastika and a right-handed one. One is Asian and the other is Third Reich, as I recall.

        • Not so simple. Hindus and Jains use both, with different meanings. The swastika had been in use by other cultures, from Scandinavia to the Maya, before YKW got a hold of it and tainted it for everyone and forever.

  • The scenography isn’t really the problem, if it is put into a context that addresses the imperialistic Japan and its war crimes.I think rather it’s the fact that Braunschweig will have posters all over the city with something resembling the rising sun flag on it. Taken into consideration that the theatre itself has Korean and Chinese nationals in the orchestra, chorus and other positions in the company, that would be highly insensitive. Even if the nazi swastika would be used as part of the scenography in a production, you wouldn’t use the swastika as the main logo for your poster and plaster it on every wall and billboard. That goes without saying. So should this.

  • I would really like to know more about the whole concept of this production. For the beginning how did the authors shift the focus from American imperialism – as it is in the original idea, libretto and even the music itself of M. Butterfly – to the Japanese imperialism? And not only how, but even more important WHY?

    • Why do you think they have shifted the focus from American imperialism. If haven’t any information about the concept, how can you make your claim. Based on what?

    • Don’t see it. Colours matter. While the current German design is not identical to the Imperial Flag, it is close enough to immediately call it to mind. Your Met example is not even close.

      BTW the production there is credited to conductor Ken Levine. Any relation, do you suppose? Maybe someone from Sony posted this clip originally!

  • @NL: First: Thank you for writing “Braunschweig”, not “Brunswick”

    Regarding the Japanese war flag: Better than the pigs mask guys they had in Tosca.

    I really cannot imagine the poster being a problem. Every other meme uses this background…

    Symbols of fascism, of course, are always problematic, but would someone please explain to me why this is or could be regarded as a “racial insult”? Other than that, the Japanese aren’t the “bad guys” in that opera. Shouldn’t they be offended to be depicted as such(, too)?

    (Sorry, I’m German and probably insensitive. And from Braunschweig. 😀 )

  • I have read through the comments , most from Asian sounding background are offended without putting the stage design into any context . At anyrate we should respect artistic freedom , try to understand the use of this design , and stop censorship through blogs or because someone’s THINKS something may be inappropriate without looking at the whole.
    And by the way. The flag has been used sing 1880‘s and is still used today. SO WHAT.
    If Korean or Chinese, working in Germany, want to protest the flag, then they should take it up with the Japanese government. This entire discussion is a complete disgrace and maybe the German operas should reconsider hiring so many Asians in the future.

    • I can’t believe this comment. We Koreans did and do protest the Japanese Government, because they never apologized. Inform yourself before you write nasty comments. And because Germany did and continues apologize about what happened to the Jews, being so insensitive about this issue in Germany is unacceptable. You say artists should have freedom. We also have freedom to speak. Your comment about not hiring Asians really crossed the line. Shame on you.

      • Okay, my statement to hiring Asians was certainly „too much“ , sorry.
        However, your statement about the Germans ALWAYS apologizing has nothing whatsoever to do with the use of symbolics in art, theater, opera, movies or historical context. The stage design is part of a production and should be left in this context. You are focusing on one point without entering into a dialog about the goal of this portrayal of the flag. The opera references AMERICAN IMPERIALISM in Japan . At least that has been my understanding of the opera. That this is played out on the Japanese flag is a pretty solid idea and should be respected.

  • I wonder if Germans are truly sorry for their war crimes if they think it’s ok to use a symbol of Japan’s atrocities. If their parents got tortured, raped and killed under the flag, are they ok if other countries show such flag in their opera and shows?!

  • >


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Grammarly Free Vs Premium – Is Grammarly Premium Worth It?

I use Grammarly Premium every day for my blog, my responses for all the inquiries, and my answers to the questions I got from my posts. I love it and want to share with you. You must think “IS Grammarly Premium worth it?”

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Adventures in Streaming …

* reviews of things i found on (mostly) netflix *

* now with spoilers *

Radius tells the story of Liam, who has no idea who he is other than the information on his driving license. He wakes up, injured and confused, after having been in an apparent car crash; when he flags down a passing motorist, the motorist suddenly dies. As Liam makes his way down the road, trying to find help, he encounters more people who have mysteriously died – sitting at tables at the café, slumped over their food.

Eventually he reaches the house his license tells him is his, but he still can’t remember anything about himself, his life, or the accident. He assumes at first that there’s some contagion, but ultimately realizes that it’s proximity to him that’s killing people. When Jane appears he’s terrified that she’s going to die too, but for some reason she doesn’t. Unfortunately she has no answers, since she also has no idea who she is or how she ended up in the hospital in a truck that belongs to Liam, but if Liam stays within a certain radius of her, no one around him dies.

From there, their adventure begins, and the story stays compelling throughout. The people are genuine, the supernatural element is presented in a way that immediately pulls the audience in – so that we feel as nervous as Liam and Jane do when they get too far from each other. There’s a little action, a good amount of character development, eerie sets and situations, and series of flashbacks (as the characters remember glimpses of who they are and what’s happened) are well-integrated into the scenes of the present – we feel like we’re solving the mystery with the characters.

At the same time, there are significant twists that take us by surprise.

The underlying theme starts out as solving mysteries, but by the last act, we’re actually confronted with the same dilemma the characters are facing – not who they are, but what they’ve done. If we’ve truly forgotten who we were, does that exonerate us from the consequences of our crimes, our failings, our mistakes, our earlier darkness? Is darkness something that we have inherently or is it attached to our bringing up and life experiences? Can we shed our earlier personalities if we’re unable to recall them, or will they still be there, hardwired in our heads and bodies like our eye-colour? Finally, what would we be willing to do to prevent ourselves from re-becoming that earlier person who wasn’t so wonderful? – what would we be willing to sacrifice to stop our former selves from returning?

Radius shifts more than once into a different kind of story, and it does so in a seamless way that mirrors how real people would face strange experiences. The build-up of tension is consistent, the characters are believable and sympathetic, the twists are reasonably unexpected, and the characters’ final decisions – as they answer the above questions – are heartfelt. In the end, we don’t know who, in fact, has been the bad guy, since we’re still exploring those answers in ourselves.

I decided to watch the movie because of the interesting sci-fi premise, but I was surprised by a story with a bit of depth and an emotionally engaging conclusion.

popcorn icon  10 out of 10


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Category Archives: Alternative

    Outroducción - Jazz Two - Minimo (CD, Album)

    1. Kam

      Mar 04,  · Enjoy this Jazz Music mix with the Best songs selected in Subscribe to AwaverMusic for the best modern Jazz mixes out there. Feel free to check out the artist's shops and channels in the.
    2. Faem

      The MB3 trio is a bit unusual, as it features three guitarists (rather than two). But veterans Jimmy Bruno and Vic Juris mesh well with newcomer Corey Christiansen, adding fine support by bassist Jay Anderson and drummer Danny Gottlieb, in this volume in a series of CDs exploring fresh arrangements of very familiar jazz works and snowstaffbarmaktilar.xyzinfo that seemingly require a piano work well without.
    3. Zulucage

      Apr 14,  · The CD has a bonus track that the MP3 album lacks (at the time of this review), which is a second take of In The Red [A Xmas Carol]. But the real value is listening to how Roach crafts grooves that are melodic, even on the three tracks on the album where is is not accompanied, yet still manages to tell a story with his drums/5(21).
    4. Kektilar

      Ornette Coleman- The shape of jazz to come. Ornette Coleman fue un saxofonista, violinista, trompetista y compositor de jazz estadounidense. Es de los principales exponentes del free jazz, término que él mismo inventó con el nombre de un álbum. The shape of jazz to come fue su tercer álbum. Fue publicado en por Atlantic Records.
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      One of his best jazz soundtracks was for The Hustler, with Paul Newman as the titular character: a small time, two-bit pool-hall conman who dreams of breaking into the big time by taking on a.
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      Oct 12,  · Tema extraido de su trabajo Nomon, editado por Avoid records en
    7. Viran

      Just as the two previous albums Call Me Irresponsible is recorded in the genre's best traditions: the bulk of it consists of classical well-known compositions in Michael Buble's interpretation, and besides the album offers the crooner's two original.
    8. Zulujar

      Jean-Luc Ponty ORIGINAL ALBUM SERIES Enigmatic Ocean COSMIC MESSENGER New CD. $ Trending at $ JOHN COLTRANE/MILES DAVIS - THE FINAL TOUR: THE BOOTLEG SERIES, VOL. 6 NEW CD [Box] by Andrew Cyrille (CD, Oct, 7 Discs, CAM Jazz) $ New. 6 Bonus Tracks Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett Cheek to Cheek Target CD 5 out of 5.

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Yes! Snuv has arrived.
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Proposal - US Snuffs

MrSnuffMrSnuff Administrator
If any of you guys or gals out there can get your hands on a regular supply of US dry snuffs please PM me.

I have great difficulty setting this up and always have done. Those of you living in the southern US can sometimes pick these up reasonably cheaply. Now that I have a way of mitigating at least some of the taxes with our bonded warehouse it has become more do-able.

The snuff community at large will also be very grateful. We get a lot of emails asking when we will be replenishing stock and I don't have a good answer.

I am happy to pay you for your time.

Let me know.

  • There are several smoke shops here in the Detroit area that sell American Scotches (W.E. Garretts Scotch, Sweet, and Bruton). So might be able to help you out but not positive on the price, shoot me a PM if you would like me to see how much they would want for their remaining stock.
  • PM sent
  • My local Ingles grocery store carries Garett Dental Rose and Peach in big and little cans!! Let me know if I can help!
  • MrSnuffMrSnuff Administrator

    I sent you a PM.

  • MrSnuffMrSnuff Administrator
    Here's a wishlist if anybody can help out:

    DRY SNUFF  (pocket cans 1.15oz)

    American Snuff Co:

    AS Dental Scotch Mild 30g

    AS Dental Scotch Sweet 30g

    AS Honest Scotch 30g

    AS Tube Rose Sweet 30g

    AS WE Garrett's Peach 30g

    AS WE Garrett's Scotch 30g

    AS WE Garrett's Sweet Scotch 30g

    Railroad Mills Checkerberry 30g

    Railroad Mills Plain 30g

    Railroad Mills Sweet 30g

    Swisher Buttercup 30g

    Swisher Dixie 30g

    Swisher Honey Bee 30g

    Swisher Lorillard 30g

    Swisher Navy Plain 30g

    Swisher Navy Sweet 30g

    Swisher Ralphs 30g

    Swisher Society 30g

    Swisher Square Plain 30g

    Swisher Starr Scotch 30g

    Swisher Strawberry 30g

    Swisher Superior 30g

    Swisher Three Thistle Strong 30g

    Swisher Three Thistle Sweet 30g

    Swisher Top's Mild 30g

    Swisher Top's Sweet 30g

    Swisher Wild Cherry 30g

    US Smokeless:

    US Smokeless Bruton's Scotch 30g

    US Smokeless Carhart's Sweet 30g

    US Smokeless DeVoe Eagle Mills 30g

    US Smokeless Red Seal 30g

    US Smokeless Rooster 30g

    US Smokeless Standard 30g

    US Smokeless Tops Mild 30g

    US Smokeless Tops Sweet 30g

    Those in yellow are typically much sought after by folks on the forum.

    many thanks,

  • SammyD13SammyD13 Unconfirmed
    Perhaps highlight Three Thistles as well?
  • MrSnuffMrSnuff Administrator

    Swisher Three Thistle Strong 30g

    Swisher Three Thistle Sweet 30g

  • n9inchnailsn9inchnails Moderator
    And Starr as well
  • PM sent. Thank God I'm a country boy.
    No honestly I feel terrible for the other %95 of America that can't get snuff at every tobacco shop in town.
  • Sorry im a little late to the party ( just joined, new snuffer). My local Winn Dixie around the corner carries Swisher Navy Sweet Scotch Dry and Swisher Railroad Mills Sweet Scotch Dry.
  • MrSnuffMrSnuff Administrator
    @nikkolasrs Thanks for responding. I will PM you :)
  • It seems like these snuffs are only found in certain areas of the country, and even then selections are very limited. I live in the West, and not once have I ever seen it. Oops, I take that back. A road house bar up the river by Wyoming used to sell Garrett plain Scotch. But they only carried it for some old guy that died! Not all snuffs must be ordered from England. Mostly.
  • Auto fill in correction. Now all snuffs must be ordered from England or the EU.
  • When I google honey bee or navy sweet I get a bunch of results that are wholesale distributors but won't sell to individuals. is one example. is another. There seem to be a lot of places that offer it for wholesale but no one that sells it to individuals.
  • Azfishin, its a government regulation thing. You can order cigars and pipe tobacco from US companys but NOT snuff . Why? I have no idea other than government regulations are written and passed by idiots. You CAN order them from overseas however. I obtained the few American snuffs I have that way. Absolutely no sense. You can buy them in a store if you can find them. Im told Food Lion carries american snuff but dont have one in my area to verify.
  • SnuffickSnuffick Member
    edited December 2019 PM
    @kengivens I am overseas and can't seem to get hold of US snuffs or chew any more. Where do you get them from that still posts to your part of the world? Sorry for the hijack of the thread - feel free to ignore if I am out of place.
  • Maybe you can ask your local tobacco shop if they will order some, if you have not already done so. Of course they might require you to buy a whole box.
  • I wish I could get some Checkerberry. That's my favorite American snuff, from Swisher.
  • @mrmanos same here. I asked my local gas station and they said they'd look into it. I've got my fingers crossed. I love back in the country so they typically order specific products to suit the locals. If I get my hands on some I may be able to ship some to you if you're in the US.
  • What did happen with Rooster? Did they stop production? I only have one can left.
  • Z_2KZ_2K Member
    edited January 14 PM
    I would be interested in obtaining :

    Swisher Square Plain 30g
    Swisher Three Thistle Strong 30g
    Railroad Mills Plain 30g

    As nikkolasrs posted above, my local Winn Dixie is the only source for USA dry snuff in my area of Central Florida, and then only for Navy Sweet and RR Mills Sweet. I came onto this forum today to inquire if they were even being manufactured anymore when I came across this thread.

    I contacted a  Swisher rep., who put me into contact with a Swisher distributor and he had no idea where Swisher snuff products could be obtained. Makes me feel like I'm trying to obtain illegal drugs.
  • DeezDeez Member
    Anyone with the hook-up on Peach or Rose, drop me a line.
  • I do not know what they cost down south but they are rather expensive to my standard as I see them for $7 in PA. I would probably think differently if I liked them...
  • I dont know if you're still lookin, hoss, but I can get my hands on ALL of the above. I regularly make custom orders through my local tobacco store of all of the harder to find snuffs and chewing tobaccos for friends that aren't as lucky. I'd be more than happy to help out.

    Maybe we can work something out, I'm standing by!
  • Also just realized I shoulda PMed this. Pming now, hoss.
  • @MississippiReb, any chances to get Starr Scotch through your store? I would like to try this one someday. I missed the opportunity to order a tub while it was available at
  • Sure can, bud. Every tobacco product distributed to tobacco shops in America is available through the little shop in my hometown's warehouse catalog. If it's made it's on the shelf or can be ordered in. Don't wanna step on Mr Snuff's toes tho. Let's see if he gets back to me! Cross your fingers, hoss. I'd love to help bring American snuffs to the world at large. It makes me really happy seeing other folks enjoying Southern tobacco delicacies.
  • I have a local smoke shop that sells Railroad Mills Plain Scotch Snuff, if that is of any value to you.

  • Mr_OMr_O Member
    edited February 26 PM
    The selection at my usual shop has only WE Garret regular and sweet, but the price is not so bad. Maybe between $6-$8 USD. I could see what else, if anything, they can order.
  • Why can't any store west of the continental divide get Checkerberry? I keep asking myself this yet can't find it anywhere. I hate to order it from MS because they charge $12, while it is about $4 in the US.
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Check Out What's on Offer

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An essential accessory in every man's wardrobe, Made from high quality cotton and the perfect pocket sidekick. A tissue to hand can come in useful but let's be honest for a moment.

A tissue can only go so far and its use is very limited however with a handkerchief you get the design, the feeling of soft cotton touching your skin and a look that will tell passers by that you're a person of luxury with the tools to back you up. Not temped yet?

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La Liga & Serie A roundup: Suarez bags 4 again to keep Barcelona top

AP Photo/Manu Fernandez

A roundup of Saturday’s action in Spain and Italy’s top flights…

[ FOLLOW: All of PST’s La Liga coverage ]

Barcelona 6-0 Sporting Gijon

For quite a while, everything was close and remained in question for Barcelona … then came the final 15 minutes of Saturday’s thrashing of Sporting Gijon, in which the Blaugrana went from 2-0 up, with the game somewhat hanging in the balance, to 6-0 in the span of 14 minutes.

Lionel Messi put the hosts ahead on 12 minutes, after which point 51 minutes passed before Luis Suarez found the back of the net for 2-0. Suarez then bagged his brace and hat trick from the penalty spot on 74 and 77 minutes, before Neymar converted a penalty kick of his own in the 86th. Suarez picked up his fourth of the game (and 34th league goal of the season) for the second straight game in the 88th minute. With the final scoreline, Barca reclaim top spot in the league table, as well as the best goal differential tally in the league, 30 ahead of second-place Atletico Madrid and one ahead of third-place Real Madrid.

Atletico Madrid 1-0 Malaga

It wasn’t pretty — it rarely is for Atletico Madrid — but Diego Simeone’s side won again to keep pace with Barca, thanks to Angel Correa’s 62nd-minute winner which required a fair bit of good fortune in the form of a wicked deflection en route to finding the back of the net. The bigger story here, though, is that Simeone could be suspended three games after appearing to throw a ball onto the field with Malaga breaking out on the counter moments before halftime.

Rayo Vallecano 2-3 Real MadridFULL RECAP WITH HIGHLIGHTS

Joining Barca and Atleti in a suddenly unbelievably tight title race is Real Madrid, who came back from 2-0 down inside the game’s first 15 minutes to knock off Rayo Vallecano away from home … without Cristiano Ronaldo or Karim Benzema, who missed the game through injuries. Los Blancos still have that guy named Gareth Bale, though, and I hear he’s pretty good at soccer (HIGHLIGHTS HERE).

Team GP W D L GF GA GD Home Away PTS
Barcelona 35 26 4 5 102 29 73 15-1-2 11-3-3 82
Atlético Madrid 35 26 4 5 59 16 43 13-3-1 13-1-4 82
Real Madrid 35 25 6 4 104 32 72 15-1-2 10-5-2 81

Elsewhere in La Liga

Eibar vs. Deportivo La Coruña (underway)

Sunday’s La Liga schedule

Levante vs. Athletic Bilbao (6 a.m. ET)
Sevilla vs. Real Betis (10 a.m. ET)
Getafe vs. Valencia (12:15 p.m. ET)
Villarreal vs. Real Sociedad (2:30 p.m. ET)

Monday’s La Liga schedule

Celta Vigo vs. Granada (2:30 p.m. ET)

Inter Milan 3-1 Udinese

Inter Milan are long-shot outsiders to finish in the top three in Italy (UEFA Champions League qualification), but they kept their faint hopes alive with a late victory over Udinese on Saturday.

Cyril Thereau put Udinese ahead after just nine minutes, but Stevan Jovetic equalized 10 minutes before halftime. With 15 minutes to play, the score remained 1-1. Jovetic broke the deadlock with his second of the day on 75 minutes, and Eder added the late insurance in the fourth minute of stoppage time to secure all three points for Roberto Mancini’s side, which looks a near-guarantee to finish fourth.

Team GP W D L GF GA GD Home Away PTS
Juventus 34 26 4 4 65 17 48 14-2-1 12-2-3 82
Napoli 34 22 7 5 72 29 43 14-3-0 8-4-5 73
Roma 34 19 11 4 73 38 35 11-5-1 8-6-3 68
Inter Milan 35 19 7 9 47 32 15 12-2-4 7-5-5 64
Fiorentina 34 17 8 9 55 38 17 11-4-2 6-4-7 59
AC Milan 34 14 11 9 43 35 8 9-5-3 5-6-6 53

Sunday’s Serie A schedule

Frosinone vs. Palermo (6:30 a.m. ET)
Torino vs. Sassuolo (9 a.m. ET)
Atalanta vs. Chievo (9 a.m. ET)
Bologna vs. Genoa (9 a.m. ET)
Sampdoria vs. Lazio (9 a.m. ET)
Fiorentina vs. Juventus (2:45 p.m. ET)

Monday’s Serie A schedule

Roma vs. Napoli (9 a.m. ET)
Hellas Verona vs. AC Milan (11 a.m. ET)
Carpi vs. Empoli (1 p.m. ET)


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Must Have Solar Products for Your Home

Table of Contents
    Add a header to begin generating the table of contents

    Over the past few years, the popularity of solar energy has been increasing all over the world. The Science Magazine estimates that by 2022–2023, an additional PV capacity of 500 GW will be installed globally. Going solar has become cheaper too. In fact, the average price of solar electrical systems has reduced by half from 2010.

    Moreover, the wide range of products available today makes it easier for everyone to opt for clean, sustainable energy sources. You can start with things in your house. From phone chargers to pool heating, there are plenty of choices in solar products for home use. Here’s a look at a few top solar products that are a must in every home.

    All Season Solar Cooker Camper

    Solar cookers are an excellent way of reducing your dependence on traditional energy sources. The one from SolCook is designed to capture the sun’s rays all day long, thus giving you as many hours of cooking as the sun shines. And all this without having to spend a penny on gas or electricity.

    Using this cooker, you can make various dishes, dehydrate vegetables, and do a lot more without having to physically stand near it and cook, unlike with a gas stove. The panel-type large cooking area lets you use big pots and pans to get the cooking done in considerable quantities. At the same time, the lightweight material makes the cooker easily portable – making it perfect for camping trips and home use alike.

    Amtrak Solar’s 40-Watt Solar Attic Fan

    This solar-powered fan can be used in attics, garages, gable vents, RVs, and even in greenhouses. The 40-watt fan works efficiently to keep the area ventilated all day without you having to worry about escalated utility bills. The easy-setup design eliminates the need for electricians, and installing it behind a gable vent means that you also do not need to make a hole on the roof.

    Since the fan runs on solar energy, it will automatically turn on whenever it gets sunny. So there is no issue of having to switch it on manually- your house or garage will be cooled down whenever the temperature rises outside. The fan produces minimal noise, making it ideal for your home.

    URPOWER Outdoor Solar Lights

    Lighting up your deck/garden area or driveway does not have to feel like a waste of energy and money anymore. These water-resistant outdoor solar lights are equipped with motion sensors. The sensors activate a “bright light” feature automatically when people approach and dim at other times, which saves power.

    There is no wiring necessary to install these lights as they come with easy-to-use screws that can be placed on any wall. The device charges automatically during the day and can run for approximately 12 hours after a full charge.

    Sunbank Solar 40 Gallon Solar Water Heater

    Every household needs regular water heating, and going solar for this can bring down your bills by around 50%–80%. This 40-gallon water heater is ideal for small families. With no pumps or moving parts, the heater is simple enough to install it yourself. The heater can be flush mounted, or you can modify its back leg assembly to prop it up at a suitable angle.

    The heater is certified by the Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC), which speaks for the quality of the product. Moreover, it also qualifies for 30% Federal Tax Credit and local rebates.

    Creative Edge Solar Charger

    A mobile phone charger is one of the most indispensable items today, making the solar charger one of the must-have solar energy products for the home. The 5,000 mAh lithium polymer batteries are powerful enough to efficiently charge your phone, tablets, and other compatible USB-Charged devices. The LED indicator lights let you know how much power is left on the device, so you know when to charge it next.

    The Solar-5 panel on this portable charger/power bank is excellent for emergencies since you can simply harness the power of the sun while outdoors. You are only required to clip in on your backpack or leave it near a window, and then use it to keep your gadgets charged.

    Goal Zero Yeti 150 Portable Power Station

    This portable 150 WH solar generator is one of the best solar products for homes. The solar panels (sold separately) on the compact generator are easy to use anytime and anywhere. For instance, you can conveniently carry it in your car, while camping, and so on. Moreover, the use of solar power makes the generator free of noise and harmful exhaust fumes.

    The power station uses the sun’s energy that you can later use for charging your laptop, smartphone, and more. The display panel on the front gives you updates about the battery status for better power management.

    Making the switch to renewable energy sources is increasingly important. Choosing solar products for homes over traditional fossil fuel-based ones is an easy way to start. It is important to remember that no step is too small, so be part of the clean energy revolution by choosing solar products.

    Leave a Comment


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W00084938.jpg was taken on 2013-11-16 02:15 (PST) and received on Earth 2013-11-18 01:32 (PST). The camera was pointing toward Saturn-rings, and the image was taken using the CL1 and CL2 filters. This image has not been validated or calibrated. A validated/calibrated image will be archived with the NASA Planetary Data System

For more information on raw images, checkout our frequently asked questions section.

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute


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W00011934.jpg was taken on 2005-11-01 14:28 (PST) and received on Earth 2005-11-03 06:47 (PST). The camera was pointing toward Rhea, and the image was taken using the CB2 and IRP90 filters. This image has not been validated or calibrated. A validated/calibrated image will be archived with the NASA Planetary Data System

For more information on raw images, checkout our frequently asked questions section.

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute


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I Don’t Wanna Feel…A Song For Trayvon, Mike Brown, and Countless Others

Imagine this. You wake up in the morning and start going about your day as usual. Then later in that same ordinary day you learn that YOUR son – who you have loved, fed and clothed everyday for 16, 17, 18 years or more – is violently killed. YOUR unarmed son…was…killed and those who are sworn to serve and protect are doing just that… for… your… son’s… killer.

Right then is when the only thing you feel is pain, a pain so excruciating that your only wish is to not feel this.

I have not had the day described here, but as the mother of a black boy, every time this day happens to these mothers I too feel an intense pain that leaves me with only the desire to NEVER FEEL THIS FEELING AGAIN. Black mothers have been facing this awful feeling for centuries now – and that is a travesty. When I see their sons I see my son. I see my son who is not perfect, but who is loved and who is loving. I see my son who has hopes and dreams and big plans. I see my son who every once in a while still wants a hug from his mom even though he is taller than me and even has a few muscles. I see my son who has a lot to learn and who has a lot of living to do. I see my son who has a lifetime of experiences waiting for him to have. I see my son who changed my life for the better the second he was conceived. When I see their sons dead in the street, their dreams halted, their futures stolen…I see my son.

Regardless of the color of your skin If you can see YOUR son, YOUR brother, YOUR uncle, YOUR cousin when you see THEIR sons then raise your voice with me and let’s do something to stop this so that none of us has to ever feel this feeling again.

Here’s what you can do right now:

When talking to your friends about this issue keep the main thing the main thing – An unarmed teenager is dead.

Share this post to keep the discussion going.