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New Jersey’s potential withdrawal from the 10-state Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative would deal a major blow to the cap-and-trade scheme

Apr 11, 2011

Gov. Christie holds townhall meeting, Jan. 13, 2011/Credit: Governor's Office, Tim Larsen

New Jersey Governor Chris Christie is re-evaluating the state's participation in a regional carbon trading program and could opt to withdraw within a few weeks.

Observers say the move is expected in response to pressure from GOP legislators and campaigns mounted by groups funded by billionaires Charles G. and David H. Koch.

The anticipated policy reversal is in step with recent actions in Maine and New Hampshire, where Republican-dominated legislatures are trying to repeal their states' participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a carbon market between 10 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states and the first mandatory emissions trading plan in the country.

Christie said he was concerned that RGGI places a burden on New Jersey businesses by raising energy costs, and thus gives a competitive advantage to states like Pennsylvania that do not participate.

"Is there enough of a benefit to the state to keep it going or is it too much of a detriment on business?" he asked at a March 24 town hall meeting in Nutley, according to transcripts provided by the governor's office to SolveClimate News.

"The thing I'm most concerned about is that it doesn't seem to be working in the entire region. The value of these credits are getting less and less as we continue to go further and further out, and the value of the program is becoming less and less," he continued.

"So we are evaluating all that, and within the next two months I'll give you a definitive answer on whether we are going to continue it."

Christie is expected to announce his final decision in just a few weeks, before he unveils his state energy plan in May, said Luis Martinez, an energy attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) in Washington, D.C.

RGGI Funds Used to Balance Budget

Martinez said that while the state legislature has remained solid in supporting RGGI, the Republican governor, who took office in 2010, is not as familiar with the program and its benefits as those who voted to join it. In his first term, Christie spent most of the RGGI funds on balancing the budget.

New Jersey joined RGGI under the 2007 Global Warming Response Act, which requires the state to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, for a reduction of about 20 percent. By 2050, emissions must reach 80 percent below 2006 levels.

Senate President Stephen Sweeney co-sponsored the state's bid to join RGGI with Sen. Bob Smith in 2008. The Democratic senators have continued to show support for the program, as has Assembly Speaker Sheila Oliver, who voted for the joint resolution.

RGGI requires power plants in participating states to cap CO2 emissions at 188 million short tons per year through 2014, with additional annual reductions of 2.5 percent from 2015 to 2018. States can sell carbon allowances through auctions and invest the earnings in energy efficiency and clean energy technology efforts.

The program was launched in 2005 and held its first quarterly online auction for carbon credits in 2008.

Participating states so far have raised nearly $861 million in carbon allowances from 11 auctions. More than half of those funds went to improving energy efficiency, according to the latest auction results posted by RGGI.

New Jersey has raised $102 million in proceeds to date, the fourth highest amount behind New York, Maryland and Massachusetts.

Proceeds in New Jersey are distributed through the Clean Energy Solutions Capital Investment (CESCI) loan/grant program. About one-third of the state's proceeds so far have been spent on clean energy and customer assistance programs to cut electricity costs.

In 2010, the state allotted $29.6 million for 12 large-scale projects, but only six projects worth $12.3 million in loans actually closed after some funds were used to cover state budget gaps.

Koch Brothers Wielding Influence

Martinez noted that the governor's re-evaluation of RGGI may in part be a response to mounting pressure from outspoken RGGI opposition groups, namely Americans for Prosperity (AFP), founded by David Koch in 2004, and the American Legislative Executive Council (ALEC), which is funded partly by the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation.

"Unofficially, [Christie] is just responding to the pressure that both of these groups are putting on the state and on him," Martinez said, "which is basically this Koch Brothers-funded agenda to attack anything on climate."

Charles and David Koch, billionaire oil executives, are considered the country's most prominent financiers of efforts to unravel regulations on industrial greenhouse gas emissions.

In February, AFP launched a media blitz of radio spots and television advertisements in New Jersey to alert residents "to the fact that RGGI will cause their electricity rates to soar and cost our state jobs," according to the announcement.

"The governor goes around at these town hall meetings, and they have been showing up and challenging him on RGGI," Martinez said.

AFP is planning a similar media campaign for New Hampshire and has applauded a March 30 vote by the state's House of Representatives to pull New Hampshire out of the carbon trading program.

In Maine, AFP is backing a bill introduced last week by Republican State Sen. Tom Saviello, the sole sponsor, to withdraw the state from RGGI and the northeast power grid.

Calls and emails to the Arlington, Va.-based Charles G. Koch Foundation and Koch Industries Inc. in Wichita, Kan. requesting comment were not returned by deadline.

Koch Industries, in a statement released last year, said it "will continue to encourage a civil, science-based discussion of the effect of greenhouse gases on the climate, and the potential effects and costs of policies proposed to deal with climate change."

AFP: We're Urging Christie to Leave RGGI

Steve Lonegan, director of AFP's New Jersey chapter, told SolveClimate News that his office had provided Christie with information on RGGI and urged the governor to repeal the measure.

The chapter also runs a website, NO NJ Cap and Trade, as a resource for RGGI opponents and New Jersey residents. According to claims on that site, energy taxes under RGGI have cost businesses and consumers more than $66 million.

"We all share a desire for clean air and water and to improve the environment. This will not do that," Lonegan said.

He pointed to a 2010 report  prepared on behalf of RGGI that showed the program's cap would only begin to significantly curb carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. And he added that unidentified speculators or investors could purchase carbon permits for the current bid price of $1.89 per allowance and sell them for $20 in the future.

"Why is it necessary that there be a scheme whereby investors can make huge profits off the resale of these permits down the road?" he asked.

Internal GOP Pressures in Legislature

Christie is also facing internal pressures from Republican legislators at home.

In September, lawmakers introduced a set of bills to repeal the Global Warming Response Act and New Jersey's participation in RGGI.

Assemblywoman Alison Littell McHose and Assemblyman Michael Patrick Carroll introduced a bill with 26 co-sponsors to the Environment and Solid Waste Committee, and Senators Michael Doherty and Steven Oroho introduced a companion bill with 11 co-sponsors to the Environment and Energy Committee.

No hearings are currently scheduled for the bills, although legislators have until Jan. 10, 2012 to vote on the measures, according to the Office of Legislative Services.

Jeff Tittel, director of the Sierra Club's New Jersey chapter, told SolveClimate News that he is not confident that Christie will uphold the state's participation in RGGI. "Given where he's been heading, there is a very good chance that [Christie] will withdraw."

Christie Skeptical of Man-Made Warming

Christie told a town hall meeting in October that he is skeptical that humans are responsible for global warming.

In March, he supported a decision to withdraw New Jersey from Connecticut v. American Electric Power, an ongoing lawsuit filed in 2004 by eight states. The suit aims to force five utility companies to cap and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 3 percent annually over 10 years.

Environment New Jersey, a statewide advocacy group, said in a recent evaluation of Christie that the governor had cut more than $400 million from state clean energy programs and had skirted enforcement of greenhouse gas regulations and water quality rules.

Tittel of Sierra Club said that Christie had essentially already exited from RGGI by spending $68 million from carbon credit sales to balance the 2010 state budget.

Similar raids of RGGI funds took place last summer in New Hampshire, where lawmakers voted to take the state's $3.1 million share of the proceeds to help patch a $295 million budget hole. New York pulled $90 million out of its proceeds — which to date total $312 million — to bolster its general fund.

NJ Exit Would Be 'Very Bad Thing' for RGGI

NRDC's Martínez said that New Jersey's potential withdrawal from RGGI would not force other states to abandon the program, but it would deal a major blow to the carbon market.

The state is the fourth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases out of 10 participants.

In 2008, New Jersey emitted some 20.6 million tons of carbon dioxide — or nearly 14 percent of total emissions that year from RGGI states. It also accounted for about 12 percent of proceeds from the 11 carbon auctions.

By comparison, New Hampshire contributed 4.5 percent of total 2008 emission levels, and generated 3.6 percent of the carbon proceeds to date.

"We don't want to lose any state, but New Hampshire is one that is fairly small. It is different with New Jersey — it is a big state and a key participant in RGGI in terms of the size of the [market]," Martinez said.

"It would be a very bad thing for the program if New Jersey were to pull out."

However, Martinez said that he thinks Christie's re-evaluation of RGGI could assuage the governor's concerns that the program drives up energy costs and creates an unfavorable business climate.

"New Jersey imports a good part of its energy from Pennsylvania. At the beginning, when we were evaluating RGGI, we were concerned that if cost per kilowatt-hour in the state went up, that would favor [energy] imports," he said.

"What we have seen is that the cost of energy has been going down since RGGI started, and primarily it is because of the availability of cheap natural gas," he said.

He added that transmission capacity running from Pennsylvania into New Jersey is maxed out. If Pennsylvania's power did indeed become cheaper, energy companies would have to build more transmission lines, during which time energy prices in RGGI states would continue to fall.

"The way the program was designed was to auction pollution permits and use that money to invest in energy efficiency programs that would reduce the total bills for folks. By reducing energy consumption as a whole, it would actually reduce energy prices," he said.

"The less energy that you buy, the less the clearing prices for [wholesale] energy in the state."

RGGI Proceeds Could Support Gov.'s Goals

Martinez noted that proceeds from RGGI would support Christie's clean energy platform by offering financing for offshore wind development, solar energy installations and green manufacturing.

Pat Rose of the New Jersey Economic Development Authority said in an e-mail that the six projects receiving $12.3 million in loans from CESCI funding are expected to leverage more than $30.2 million in public-private investment and lead to the creation of 50 permanent jobs and 39 construction jobs.

Among those projects is a 3.5-megawatt solar facility for William Paterson University in Wayne. The project, which Rose said is being called the largest university solar facility nationwide, is expected to save $4.3 million in energy costs over the next 15 years.

Martinez said: "When the governor sits down to look at [RGGI], he'll see that it matches very well with what he wants to do on clean energy."

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Rooney decides that it is Barcelona or bust

Relay star: Martyn Rooney on his way to a world silver medal

There’s a headline to get the Twitterati all a-Tweeting, but Wayne Rooney isn’t about to seek a transfer from Old Trafford to the Camp Nou.

Rather, Martyn Rooney, Croydon’s national 400 metres champion, has declared that next month’s European championships in Barcelona will be his one major international competition of the year, and that he will not seek to win a Commonwealth Games gold medal in New Delhi in the autumn.

Rooney, 23, the fastest 400m man in Europe so far this summer, is increasingly looking like a real medal contender for the 2012 London Olympics.

The former John Fisher School pupil from Thornton Heath, who won a 4x400m relay silver medal after running a storming anchor stage for Britain at the Berlin world championships last year, will be in action this Saturday at the Aviva British Grand Prix at Gateshead.

In a new regular blog, Rooney says that Delhi comes too late in the year for his competitive programme:

“The Commonwealth Games are at an awkward time of year. It’s a good title to have and it’s a big competition, but I’d rather have a solid winter. I want to go into 2011 with maximum confidence. A lot of athletes are missing it and I think that just goes to show.”

Rooney is right that it is an argument that several elite-funded English athletes, including world champion heptathlete Jessica Ennis, have offered for not travelling to Delhi.

Hard choices: Will Martyn Rooney regret missing out on Delhi?

But it might smack of a decision imposed from above, where UK Athletics head coach, Dutchman Charles van Commenee, has perhaps less of a feeling for the importance of the Commonwealth Games.

It is a decision which Rooney may come to regret in the future, and will certainly be a blow to the Games organisers in India, as well as the England 4x400m relay team that might otherwise have fancied beating Australia and Jamaica.

Four years ago in Melbourne, Rooney gained invaluable senior international experience at the Commonwealth Games, where he placed fifth in the final with 45.51 seconds, breaking Roger Black’s 20-year-old British junior record.

Back in 1986, the teenaged Black managed to compete, and win, at both the Commonwealth Games and the European championships.

And other top British 400m runners of the recent past, including Duaine Ladejo, Iwan Thomas and Jamie Baulch, have all managed to extend their seasons through the European summer and take in both major events, enjoying the experience of the Commonwealth Games.

“Things have been going alright for me recently,” Rooney says. “I’ve had a busy month or so with lots going on but I’ve enjoyed it and I’m happy with how everything is going.

“I’ve been running well recently but there are still some little things to work on and I’m excited about what’s coming up.

“If I get the next two races sorted I’ll be set up well for the Europeans… Every race I go into, I go into win and the Euros are no different. I know I can run 44 seconds and beat people.”

If all goes to plan, at least one Englishman named Rooney might manage to beat the Germans, Dutch, Italians and French in an international competition this summer.

via New: Martyn Rooney |

About insidecroydon

News, views and analysis about the people of Croydon, their lives and political times in the diverse and most-populated borough in London. Based in Croydon and edited by Steven Downes. To contact us, please email
This entry was posted in 2012 Olympics, Athletics, Martyn Rooney, Sport. Bookmark the permalink.

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Apple’s CoreML a Big Step for Machine Learning

CoreML WWDC 2017
CoreML WWDC 2017

Machine learning is not a fad or distraction for major tech companies. It’s been in use for quite some time, although tech giants such as Google have only recently made a big show of publicizing their efforts in it. Apple is finally letting its developer group tap into it via the new CoreML framework. Here’s how.

CoreML is, as you may guess by the name, dedicated to machine learning. It’s positioned to serve as the go-to framework for machine learning on Apple platforms such as iOS (that’s why Apple branded it with the ‘core’ moniker).

Still officially in beta, CoreML is positioned as something that will be ready for use with iOS 11. An important note: users don’t need new hardware for an app to take advantage of CoreML; it’s a framework, and not reliant on any specific hardware or on-device functionality.

The first thing developers will want to do is find a machine learning model. Apple doesn’t have any restrictions here, per se, but does offer up some widely used models as a sort of ‘best practices’ for CoreML.

But all models touted by Apple hint at a fundamental problem with CoreML, as well. Each model is meant for scene detection, which is how apps can scan images for faces, trees or other objects. As Apple states:

Supported features include face tracking, face detection, landmarks, text detection, rectangle detection, barcode detection, object tracking, and image registration.

CoreML Vision doesn’t access machine learning models via an API. Instead, Apple has several classes for implementing the models. VNImageRequestHandler is “an object that processes one or more image analysis requests pertaining to a single image,” for example. In lay-terms, it’s the request to scan an image for a particular feature, such as a face. Scanning multiple images will require the VNSequenceRequestHandler class.

Within Vision, you can get quite detailed. Developers can scan for faces, but also facial landmarks like eyes or a mouth. In a crude way, this is how those apps that force a smile on a photographed face work; they find your mouth, then present a layer that ‘adds’ a smile.

CoreML Architecture WWDC 2017
CoreML Architecture WWDC 2017

CoreML Vision is deep, and will be attractive for simple-purpose apps. Developers who try to corral the entirety of this framework will have cumbersome codebases to support. An example: Apple has five classes dedicated to object detection and tracking, two for horizon detection, and five supporting superclasses for Vision. It’s a lot to take in, and this is all before we convert the model.

While pulling your model into the app’s code is necessary, Apple also asks developers to convert it to a CoreML-friendly framework. It has a fairly easy-to-use conversion for most well-known models, but developers who use something not officially recognized may need to create their own conversion tool. Apple notes that developers will be “defining each layer of the model’s architecture and its connectivity with other layers,” but only says they should “use the conversion tools provided by Core ML Tools as examples.” There’s no strong guidance there.

If you need to create a Vision app that’s a bit more robust, CoreML has an API. It’s meant for custom workflows and “advanced use cases.”

Vision is only one aspect of CoreML, though. Speech and text also play a big role, which is where Foundation comes into play. Foundation may have a lot of moving parts, but its Strings and Text structs and classes make an appearance in CoreML. Most notably, NSLinguisticTagger will help apps analyze speech and break it into readable chunks with localization.

The third part of all this is the subtlest player. GameplayKit helps evaluate “learned decision trees” in CoreML. It’s basically the logic engine driving all of the Vision and Foundation modules. As the framework is optimized for on-device performance, it takes a strong team to make it work. Vision, Foundation and GameplayKit are the stars, while frameworks such as Accelerate and Basic neural network subroutines (BNNS) pick up some of the slack.

Using CoreML isn’t going to be easy. It has a lot of moving parts, and there’s an exhaustive list of customizations that can be made. Still, if machine learning is something your app can take advantage of, it’s likely worth the trouble. CoreML is a part of Apple’s universe now, and it’s going to take an increasingly larger role as time goes on. Now’s the best time to get acquainted with it.


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Image of a large picture window offering a great view of the outdoors
Windows can give you wide, expansive views of the outdoors.

Whether you’re building a house overlooking the majestic mountains, a pristine lake, or you just want to keep an eye on your garden from your armchair, the window styles you choose for your home play an important role how you see the outdoors from within. So which window style is most likely to enhance your view?

There are a few factors to consider. If you are looking to create a wide and expansive view, than non-operational picture windows are ideal. These windows have no obstruction and can be customized in any size or shape you desire. If, however, there is a need for ventilation, casement and awning windows are less likely to obstruct the view than slider, single or double-hung windows, due to the fact that they open with a crank handle rather than a sliding sash.

Mull casement or awning windows with non-operational fixed windows to create a wall of windows with even sitelines. Window mulling refers to combining operational and non-operational windows together for a clean, modern look with an expansive view. For more information on mulled window options, speak to your local JELD-WEN dealer.

Find a Store At JELD-WEN

FAQ Friday is a weekly feature where we answer Frequently Asked Questions about our products, service or industry. To see other FAQs we’ve answered, visit our FAQ page. If you have a question you don’t see an answer for, just ask in a comment or contact us.

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Campus health and safety are our top priorities. Get the latest from UT on COVID-19.

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POPBIO SEMINAR - Dr. William Schwartz - Professor and Associate Chair for Research and Education (Department of Neurology)
Thursday, March 30, 2017, 02:00pm - 03:00pm
Contact schaffer@austin.utexas.edu

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Senior Lecturer in Macroeconomics
Uppsala University Department of Economics

Senior Lecturer in Macroeconomics

Uppsala University is a comprehensive research-intensive university with a strong international standing. Our mission is to pursue top-quality research and education and to interact constructively with society. Our most important assets are all the individuals whose curiosity and dedication make Uppsala University one of Sweden’s most exciting workplaces. Uppsala University has 46.000 students, 7.300 employees and a turnover of SEK 7.3 billion.

Duties: The position includes research in economics with a special focus on macroeconomics, teaching in economics with a special focus on macroeconomics on the basic-, advanced- and graduate level, as well as administration. Teaching duties include examination, course coordination, course administration and supervision.

Duties also include actively pursuing external research funding, following developments in the subject field as well as following relevant development in society that is of relevance for the research and education at the university.

Eligibility: To be eligible for appointment as senior lecturer, the applicant must hold a Ph.D. or possess equivalent scholarly competence. Furthermore, the applicant must have demonstrated teaching expertise and have completed teacher training of relevance to operations at the University, or have acquired the equivalent knowledge. A general eligibility requirement is that the applicant must have the personal characteristics required to perform the duties of the post well.

A documented ability to teach in Swedish or English is a requirement.

Assessment: Equal importance will be given to teaching and research skills in the assessment of applicants.

In assessing research expertise the field of the position will be interpreted broadly and research in the border between macroeconomics and financial economics will be given consideration. In assessing research expertise research quality will be the prime consideration. The scope of research, primarily in regard to depth and breadth, will also be afforded consideration. Furthermore, consideration will be given to the capacity to plan, initiate, lead, and develop research and education at the postgraduate level, the ability to acquire funding for research in competition, as well as the demonstrated capacity to interact with others both within academia and in the wider community.

Pedagogic proficiency will be assessed as carefully as scientific proficiency. Pedagogical skills should be well documented so that the quality can be assessed.

In assessing teaching expertise teaching quality will be the prime consideration. The scope of teaching experience, in terms of both breadth and depth, will also be afforded consideration and then with a special focus on macroeconomics. Furthermore, consideration will be given to the capacity to plan, initiate, lead, and develop teaching and instruction, as well as the ability to connect research to teaching in respect to research in the subject at hand, subject didactics, as well as teaching and learning in higher education. The ability to interact concerning issues of teaching and learning in higher education with actors inside and outside the University is also included in teaching expertise.

When the University appoints new teachers those applicants must be selected who, following a qualitative holistic assessment of their competence and expertise, are judged to have the best potential to carry out and develop the relevant duties and to help advance operations.

The Recruitment Committee may in this recruitment come to use interviews, trial-lectures and referrals. The applicant should therefore submit a list of referees with insight into the applicant’s professional skill as well as personal qualities that may be of relevance for the position, e.g. ability to cooperate, ability to lead and working methods.

Assessment, other skills: Administrative and management skills are important for this position and will be afforded weight.

Administrative expertise is demonstrated, for example, through the capacity to plan, organize, and prioritize work in an efficient and task-related manner as well as through the ability to assign and observe time frames. Expertise includes overall operational planning and the capacity to manage resources in a way that reflects operational priorities as well as the ability to work in a structured manner based on an awareness of goals and quality.

Management expertise is demonstrated through the capacity to lead operations and personnel, make decisions, take responsibility, and motivate others, providing them with what is needed for the efficient achievement of common goals. The abilities to coordinate the group and help create a sense of involvement, participation, and enjoyment in work and to deal with conflicts constitute further examples of demonstrated expertise.

Personal circumstances that may be of relevance in merit evaluation, for example parental leave, should be mentioned in the list of qualifications (CV).

How to apply: A full application is submitted to Uppsala University's application system. The application shall include:

  • Letter of application including list of appendices
  • Curriculum Vitae
  • Account of academic qualifications
  • List of publications
  • Account of teaching qualifications
  • Account of other qualifications
  • Academic works and any educational works being brought to bear
  • A clear account of the extent of the applicant´s teaching experience, specified in number of hours
  • List of references

Instructions for application

It is important for applicants to follow the instructions as closely as possible.

Please note that any academic work not submitted electronically are to be submitted in triplicate in paper form to the Faculty of Social Sciences, Box 256, S-751 05 Uppsala. Please, mark the package with ref. no. UFV-PA 2020/2974.

For more information please see:

Appointment Regulations for Uppsala University

Complementary Guidelines for the University's Appointment Regulations

Salary: Fixed salary.

Starting date: After agreement.

Type of employment: Permanent position.

Scope of employment: 100%

For further information please contact: The Head of Department, Eva Mörk, phone: +46 18 471 10 96.

For questions regarding the process please contact: Faculty officer Terese Kanellopoulos Sundström, phone: +46 (0)18 471 25 72, e-mail

In the event of any disagreement between the English and the Swedish versions of this announcement, the Swedish version takes precedence.

You are welcome to submit your application no later than 15 October 2020, UFV-PA 2020/2974.

Are you considering moving to Sweden to work at Uppsala University? If so, you will find a lot of information about working and living in Sweden at You are also welcome to contact International Faculty and Staff Services at

Please do not send offers of recruitment or advertising services.

Submit your application through Uppsala University's recruitment system.

Placement: Department of Economics

Type of employment: Full time , Permanent position

Pay: Fixed salary

Number of positions: 1

Working hours: 100%

Town: Uppsala

County: Uppsala län

Country: Sweden

Union representative: Seko Universitetsklubben

Number of reference: UFV-PA 2020/2974

Last application date: 2020-10-15

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Interlink Academy Interlink Academy

2016 – Interlink at the Netzwerk Recherche Jahreskonferenz

How do investigative journalists in Ukraine deal with research on corruption in politics and businesses? What is possible in a country in a state of emergency? What are the opportunities and threats? The Interlink Academy has presented a panel on investigative journalism in Ukraine at the Netzwerk Recherche Jahreskonferenz 2016 in July in Hamburg.

As one of the top investigative journalists in Ukraine, the TV journalist Denys Bihus gave an insight in one of his famous investigations. In addition, the free media activist and lecturer Dr. Nataliya Vygovskaya talked about the state of media freedom in the Zaporiszhzhya region in the Southeast Ukraine. The panel discussion  ath the Netzwerk Recherche Jahreskonferenz was moderated by Interlink Director Werner Eggert and supported by the German section of Reporters without Borders.


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M13KO7 Helper Phage

M13KO7 Helper Phage is used in conjunction with the phagemid of choice. In the presence of a phagemid bearing a wild-type M13 or f1 origin, single-stranded phagemid DNA is packaged preferentially and secreted into the culture medium. This allows easy production of single-stranded phagemid DNA.
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Casual Dating: Vital Rules For Several Friends With Benefits Relationships

Casual Dating: Vital Rules For Several Friends With Benefits Relationships

Guidelines to check out in a close friends with Advantages Relationship

While a buddies with advantages relationship includes particular advantages, it does come with a few big potential downsides since well. To reduce the possibility for problems, it is essential to create some ground rules up when it comes to FWB relationship. The principles can differ from relationship to relationship, but listed below are some traditional rules to follow along with that will maintain the relationship enjoyable and reduce the chance negative mental results.

Do Keep Things Light, Fun, and Flirty

One of many primary issues with buddies with advantages relationships is relationship doubt, which is the reason why it is important to help keep things light, enjoyable, and flirty. Permitting doubt to cloud the relationship constantly turns it right into a downer that may quickly turn toxic. Concentrate on maintaining things fun and light, avoiding hefty subjects or dealing with the continuing future of the connection.

While this is not a committed relationship that is romantic it is nevertheless crucial to accomplish items that keep up with the relationship. Maintenance behaviors like avoiding negativity and flirting could keep the partnership exciting and fun. The entire point of the relationships is always to have a great time and launch some intimate tension, but it’s quite easy to start out settling into a comfy routine using the relationship. Skip the comforting tasks that often include committed relationships and stay with sexy, flirty tasks, such as for instance going to events, going dance before a night together.

Do Make Sure You’re Being Safe

Also though you’re maybe not associated with a critical relationship, just like virtually any form of relationship, you do must make sure you’re having safe intercourse. Buddies with advantages relationships are believed a kind of casual intercourse, and studies examining sex that is casual discovered that condoms are utilized less often by those who had four or even more intimate lovers into the previous 12 months, anyone who has been formerly contaminated with STDs, and people who combine casual intercourse and liquor consumption.

Other tests done in the forms of stipulations FWBs usually have regarding sexual intercourse reported that safe-sex contraception techniques have become crucial. Some buddies also show up with plans of whatever they is going to do if contraception measures pregnancy and fail does occur. Although it may feel uncomfortable, dealing with security, contraception, and STD testing up front is vital to using A fwb relationship that is safe.

Be Honest and Communicate

Honesty and interaction are crucial for almost any style of relationship, and friends with benefits relationships are no exclusion. Most of the time, buddies worry to tell the truth simply because they don’t desire to lose a relationship, but sincerity and interaction actually enable you to can get on the exact same page in order to avoid conditions that may appear in the foreseeable future. You both have to communicate what you need through the relationship, whether you wish to keep things open or have actually A fwb relationship that is exclusive.

Significantly more than 20percent of FWBs in one single research reported that they’d guidelines about being open in communicative connection. This will consist of disclosing whether you need out from the FWB relationship or if you’re just starting to wish more from the partnership. Remaining communicating and honest frequently can possibly prevent battles and certainly will assist avoid destroying the relationship when it is time for you to end the FWB relationship. It might additionally make it possible to reduce relationship anxiety.

Don’t Meet Up Too Often, Prevent Longer Dates, and Avoid PDA

Start fulfilling up too usually and it’s simple to get comfortable into the relationship, leading to someone’s emotions using a turn that is romantic. Go in long dates, and you’re crossing into the partnership area, that may quickly develop into a challenge if a individual person develops deeper emotions. It is often far better avoid getting together unless you’re sex that is having you’re seeing each other with a team of friends. Avoid romantic interaction like calling one another the following day after having a meetup to catch up. Avoiding general general public shows of affection can be crucial. Most FWBs decide not to ever be real unless they’re when you look at the bed room together, which will help stop the relationship from drifting into one thing much more serious.

Don’t Expect Monogamy

Once you choose get involved with a close buddies with advantages relationship, don’t expect monogamy. Most FWB relationships aren’t exclusive, making lovers to pursue other lovers without having any repercussions. In reality, one study that looked over both women and men involved with FWB relationships discovered that 16% had been associated with two FWB relationships at the same time, and 8% had three or even more FWBs during the time that is same. Studies have shown that FWB relationships are much less apt to be intimately exclusive in comparison with other kinds of relationships, and folks participating in FWB relationships usually reported a more substantial amount of life time sex that is casual.

You may discuss whether or not you’ll be monogamous with your friend while you shouldn’t expect monogamy. Some FWBs choose to be monogamous while mixed up in FWB relationship. Yet again, it is crucial to talk to one another. Make certain you’re on exactly the same web page about whether you’ll be monogamous or not too there are not any surprises later on.

It’s vital that you be cautious together with your sexual wellness whether you’re mongamous or otherwise not. This means making use of condoms, checking for indications of STIs and getting tested perodically because not all the STIs have actually symptoms.

Don’t Expect it to Last Forever

More often than not, buddies with advantages relationships are short-lived relationships, so don’t anticipate your FWB relationship to final forever. These types of relationships will not transition into another thing, and additionally they usually end when one individual becomes involved in another person, or the contract just does work anymore n’t. As the FWB relationship may not endure forever, research reports have unearthed that the “Majority of FWB relationships continued as friendships following the intimacy that is sexual,” and almost 50% of individuals within these relationships report that they feel as close or nearer to the partner of their FWB relationship.

Do Bring The ‘A’ Game

You definitely want to keep your partner coming back since you’re probably enjoying your friends with benefits relationship. It is exactly about having a great time and ensuring you’re both obtaining the intimate satisfaction that you would like. If you wish to hold on to the relationship, then you’ll definitely have to bring your ‘A’ game to help keep your partner coming back. Most likely, one of several significant reasons that FWB relationships end is basically because one individual gets enthusiastic about somebody else and chooses to pursue see your face. Loss in intimate interest is another reason that is common terminating the FWB relationship.

Maintaining things ‘hot’ and bringing your absolute best to the bedroom is vital if you desire the connection to keep. Since you’re doing duplicated intimate encounters, it’s vital that you avoid monotony. The great news is the fact that since you’re probably more comfortable with each other, FWBs in many cases are in a position to be more intimately adventurous in the bed room. Each other’s’ fantasies and pushing your boundaries a bit to keep things interesting it’s the perfect time to talk about indulging.

Don’t Expect that it is Like a Relationship or Deeply satisfying

Don’t expect your pals with advantages relationship to end up like a committed dating relationship or deeply satisfying. Don’t rely on your lover in a FWB relationship become here whenever life gets tough. Don’t expect you’ll have celebratory dinners or movie night dates. Don’t be prepared to be times to function functions or weddings. In reality, teenagers in FWB relationships report doing less tasks making use of their partner than they did along with other buddies, concentrating the partnership primarily around sex. Begin having relationship objectives, and you’re setting yourself up for a large frustration.

Keep in mind, although the FWB relationship is a blend of real closeness and relationship, it is maybe maybe not a committed relationship that is romantic so don’t expect it to resemble one. Incorporating the constraints that could include intimate relationships to your FWB can allow you to very likely to cope with negative psychological actions in the long run.

If they have communicated rules beforehand and continue to have good communication throughout the FWB relationship while you shouldn’t expect your FWB relationship to be like a romantic relationship or deeply fulfilling, in some cases, partners do find a lot of fulfillment in this type of relationship, particularly.


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What makes Australian work culture unique? Australian employers value diversity, work life balance, the wellbeing of their employees, and dedication. Working or interning in Australia can be a fun and beneficial experience for international students, but it can also be challenging to understand the cultural norms. If  you’ve ever worked in another country, you’ll likely notice some distinct differences, so let’s discuss a few.

1. Aussies are rather direct with their feedback. If they feel your work needs improvement, in general, an Aussie manager will let you know directly. Don’t take this personally. This isn’t done to insult you. Be receptive and try your best to meet their requirements. Ask for help if needed.

2. Punctuality is so important! Showing up late without calling ahead is seen as very disrespectful and will often lead to disciplinary action. If your train is delayed or your car breaks down, make sure you call your boss and let them know you’ll be late.

3. Professional presentation is key. Aussie employers will expect you to know how to present yourself as a professional. This means your appearance and hygiene must be up to Aussie standards.

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4. In Australia, it’s considered polite to get to know your coworkers. This doesn’t mean you need to pry about their personal life, but it’s expected that you’ll know a bit about their life outside of work, particularly the team or dept that you work with every day. Showing a disinterest can come across as cold.

5. Aussies do appreciate a bit of personal space in the workplace – about an arm’s length.

6. Aussies will drink alcohol at work events. This doesn’t mean you have to join in. You can certainly abstain if you don’t want to drink alcohol. However, if you choose to have a drink during a work event, don’t over indulge.

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7. Remember that in the Australian workplace, everyone is considered equal. Your boss will often ask your opinion and it’s common for people to get to know their building staff such as security guards and cleaners. Aussies work together and respect everyone’s role.

8. Aussies really like to shorten names. In some cultures, shortening someone’s name without their permission is considered rude, but not in Australia. It’s a sign of comradery.

9. Avoid any claims that you can’t back. You may think it makes you look more experienced and more knowledgeable, but if you get called out, it will hurt your reputation way more than you think.

Click here to check out the top accounting internships in your area.

Just listen to this advice from one of our teachers, Edward Gubbay. I asked him to talk about what he thinks are some key aspects of Australian Culture. Here’s what he had to say: What do you think are the 3 most important things to understand about the business culture for someone who wants to start their career here?

“First of all, there’s a flat hierarchy, meaning it’s generally ok to go straight to someone in a management position with a questions or concern as long as it’s done a respectful way. This is different than in some cultures where you would be expected to go to first address your direct supervisor, and then ask them to bring up your concern with their manager, and then their manager, etc. In Australia, as long as you’re professional and respectful, you can usually speak directly with most people in an organization. Second, Aussie employers really value work life balance. We don’t feel obligated to work heaps of overtime unless there really is a huge project or urgent deadline. Employers generally wouldn’t ask their workers to do. This. It’s not that we’re lazy, it’s just that, opposed to in some cultures where it is an unspoken expectation, Australians are a bit more understanding that their employees have other commitments and very aware of employee burnout, so they won’t encourage you to work until you drop. Third, Aussies value open communication. It’s ok to ask questions. No one will think you’re unintelligent or under qualified, as long as they can tell you’re putting in your best effort.”

What is something you find your students struggle to understand or adapt to in Australian business culture?

“I find that our cover letter format is pretty fixed and specific in Australia. We really expect it written a very certain way. My students don’t always understand how important this is. They may use language that would be appropriate in their culture, but gives a bad impression here. For example, a student may begin his or her cover letter with “Dear Most Honorable and Respectable Hiring Manager” thinking that they’re showing respect, but in Australia, that’s not the norm, and won’t be looked on favorably. It will be seen as someone who doesn’t know how to write a cover letter. Also, some students struggle to understand how important interviews are and what Aussie employers are really looking for during the interview. I always tell them, ‘If you’ve got the interview, you’re halfway there! They already know your technical skills from your resume. They want to see how you conduct yourself.’ Students don’t always understand that, at an interview, they’re really being judged on their professionalism and behavior and body language.”

Anything else you think international students and professionals should know about Aussie Culture in general?

“Aussies are social and enjoy small talk, both in the office and out, so it will help you relate if you can get comfortable with it as well. It starts with understanding what’s appropriate during small talk. Weather, weekend plans, anything interesting in the news are good choices. It’s a good idea to know a bit about sports, since Aussies love sports and talk about it a lot. You don’t have to become a huge fan or anything, but just knowing enough to make conversation will help you with small talk and building relationships. Also, Aussies don’t really flaunt their success. They congratulate each other on accomplishments and work hard, but it’s not looked on kindly to go around bragging about a raise or a huge house or something like that. You can mention it, but it’s a bit distasteful to shove it someone’s face.”

Excited to take up an offer in Australia? Start your search with ECA’s 12 week internship program by logging on to the portal now.


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Focus on Danto – Arthur Danto’s Andy Warhol. Leitmotiv – 0/ http://www. Warhol’s philosophical contribution actually manifests. In a work of great wisdom and insight, art critic and philosopher Arthur Danto delivers a compact, masterful tour of Andy Warhol’s personal. Arthur Danto’s recent book, Andy Warhol, leads the reader through the story of the iconic American’s artistic life highlighted by a philosophical.

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Goodreads helps you keep track of wahol you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Andy Warhol by Arthur C. Andy Warhol by Arthur C.

Danto traces the evolution of the pop artist, including his early reception, relationships with artists such as Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, and the Factory phenomenon.

He offers close readings of individual Warhol works, including their social context and philosophical dimensions, key differences with predecessors such as Marcel Duchamp, and parallels with successors like Jeff Koons. Danto suggests that “what makes him an American icon is that his subject matter is always something that the ordinary American understands: The tastes and values of ordinary persons all at once were inseparable from advanced arthurr.

Hardcoverpages. Published October 20th by Yale University Press first published To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Andy Warholplease sign up.

Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Jul 27, Peter Mcloughlin rated it really liked it Shelves: Study of Warhol’s art and its meaning. I heard words like philosophy and ideas come up a lot.

It seems Warhol’s art was a social commentary on the postwar world where factory products could be churned out like Campbell’s soup or Brillo boxes.

Also, the cult of celebrity was something that was central to Warhol’s work. Where packaged product and packaged celebrity was central to US culture of that time and most definitely ours. Warhol was an early adopter in commenting through his art on this pre Study of Warhol’s art and its meaning.

Warhol was an early adopter in commenting through his art on this prefab culture and capitalist economy behind it. I think now we are drowning in the wave he saw in its leading edge. Witness who is in the white house right now and reality TV that created him. It was novel in the sixties but as Andy when asked if art was going to get repetitive and churn out more and more of taffy pop that he had his pulse on he answered: It was fun in the s it’s not so fun anymore.

Here is where Warhol’s vision has gone. Mar 31, Myke Cole rated it really liked it. A great introduction to Warhol and his significance in the art world, especially for the uninitiated. By focusing on Warhol’s art, and more importantly its reverberations through the global concept of art, rather than on the artist’s life, Danto provides a quick summary that gives philistines like myself a quick grasp on why we should give a damn.

It’s a short, engaging read and will leave you wanting to learn more about the man, his times, and most of all, contemporary art from Warhol’s reverberations in the 60s all the way up to their obvious outcomes today. Aug 12, Zachary rated it liked it. Considering the breadth of Warhol’s work, such narrowness is welcome, but it yields a number of troubling generalizations and omissions.

For instance, Danto draws too neat a line between Warhol’s pre- and post work although I give him credit for resisting the myth that the shift in Warhol’s artistic approach was caused en Arthur C.

Andy Warhol

For instance, Danto draws too neat a line between Warhol’s pre- and post work although I give him credit for resisting the myth that the shift in Warhol’s artistic approach was caused entirely by his brush with death in dantk an “important” Andy Warhol and a merely “iconic” Wzrhol Warhol.

In pursuit of this narrative Danto also omits any mention of the brilliant work Warhok did with Jean-Michel Basquiat in the s or his Rorschach paintings and Polaroids of the s, choosing to focus only on what Warhol termed “business art” — art, such as commissioned portraits and dollar sign paintings, that celebrated and enacted business practice. The brevity of Danto’s book makes it unsuitable as a biography or as a survey of Warhol’s career, and it will likely be of little general interest to anyone already familiar with Warhol’s life and work, but it redeems itself in two ways: As an explanation to the uninitiated of Warhol’s artistic innovation: The evident simplicity of Warhol’s art, which often takes the form of mechanical reproduction of familiar objects and images, can, to a first-time viewer of his work, hide the philosophical complexity on which it is based.

To a new viewer of one of Warhol’s Brillo boxes, which Danto believes to be among the most important sculptures of the 20th century, there may be no obvious reason to value the reproduction more highly than the original, resulting in a failure to register Warhol’s genius. Danto succeeds in succinctly explaining what makes such objects high art. As an explanation of the value of Warhol’s artistic innovation: Critics often refer dabto Andy Warhol as the greatest artist of the second half of the 20th century, but Danto is the only author I am aware of who has defined this statement directly and methodically.

It is his belief that Warhol’s art of the period fundamentally revolutionized our understanding of what we are willing to accept as art, thus necessitating a new answer to the millennia-old question, What is art? The space between the objects that Warhol duplicated and the art he produced in careful reproduction must be filled with an entire philosophy of art that simply could not have existed before Andy Warhol. It is Danto’s revelation of this novel philosophy that gives his book genuine merit.

ANDY WARHOL is a sloppy book, marred by typographical errors, omissions, generalizations, and at least one embarrassingly irrelevant tangent, having to do with Wittgenstein’s “language game,” the questionable inclusion of which Danto explains by mentioning that its resonance with certain of Warhol’s artistic practices at the Silver Factory “came to me in a dream while writing this book, and for better or worse I could not resist including the comparison here.

Aug warhhol, Tosh rated it really liked it. Ah another book on Warhol. Is there reason for another one? Well, first of all Danto is a good writer, and he points out what makes Warhol an interesting artist – a great one in fact.

Andy Warhol – Arthur C. Danto – Google Books

One, is that Warhol is very much part of the mainstream American taste for consumer items, like yes, the soup – but he also quite arhur in his own manner as well. This is a very quick read, and I think for the Warhol curious, it will them check out other books -and hopefully the artwork and the films.

So, the b Ah another book on Warhol. Aney, the book is not essential by any means, but a good introduction to Warhol and his world. View all 3 comments. Nov 07, fleegan rated it liked it Shelves: I enjoyed this book. And it was nice just to sit and read a well-written book on art. It was a little too-something though. Danto’s survey of Warhol’s work was written for the uninitiated and those who are maybe familiar with Warhol’s work, but might lack knowledge of the historical context into which his work was born.

Danto’s assessment raises the obvious in Warhol’s work, essentially that it raised questions of what art is and what it is not. I wouldn’t recommend this to anybody. Then again, I was never really much of a fan of Danto to begin with. Dec 21, Zhiyi Li rated it really liked it.

Started a while ago, and finally finished it. It provides pretty decent insights on Warhol’s works, particularly their philosophical meaning and artistic significance. I found the book very helpful. However, the writing is pretty loose and episodic. That is probably why it took me so long warho finish it. Dec 18, Christina rated it did not like it.

Oct 26, Nat rated it really liked it Shelves: Marvellous book that investigates and analyses the place that Andy Warhol’s work occupies in the World of Art, and looks further deeper into its philosophical meaning, of course, as Art.

It raises and answers several questions that have been around since the contemporary art of the early XXth century appeared: How can we define a piece of art? What makes something become art? What’s the difference between an ordinary object and art? Does Art need to be beautiful? Does Art ne Marvellous book that investigates and analyses the place that Andy Warhol’s work occupies in the World of Art, and looks further deeper into its philosophical meaning, of course, as Art.

Does Art need to be understood? Most importantly in this case: What did Warhol do to change all the previous answers we knew to these questions? This isn’t, in any way, a biography of Warhol. It does talk about several of the moments and defining phases of the artist’s life and work, and what led him to get there, but to concentrate purely on his work and the place of it in the world of art.

Santo the use of ‘at least. He also expresses that a lot of the content of this arthu is largely subjective. He does not claim to hold the universal and absolute truth about Art, or Warhol, or that we should all agree with his point of view. Danto simply proposes in very critical and intelligent way, a new perspective on Pop Art and of his defining if not The Defining artist of the movement.

Hugely recommended to any fan of contemporary art and wrhol Warhol and his Factory. Jul 26, Melani rated it liked it. This book raised Andy Warhol’s importance to art in my eyes. Sometimes I talk to people who don’t consider themselves art lovers, they conceive of modern art as something of an inside joke.

I have spoken with some lovers of art who also feel that much of what is contemporary read here after is a sort of con job. I have not always known how to respond to these remarks, as there are many contemporary pieces I really enjoy.


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Driver's license/ID

Should you stop driving?

Retiring from Driving

retiring from driving photo

For many, driving is a rite of passage that provides freedom and independence to get out and about, keep in contact with family and friends, and enables us to maintain our quality of life. One of the best ways of making sure we are able to keep driving for as long as possible is to keep our driving skills and knowledge up to date. As we age, we may experience physical or cognitive changes that affect our driving. It’s important to recognize these changes and utilize resources and advice on how to adapt if your driving is changing as you get older so you can keep driving safely for as long as possible.

The time may come when it is simply no longer possible for you to continue to drive safely, and for your own sake, and the sake of other people on the road, you must stop driving, and consider alternative ways to get where you need to go.

If you carry on driving when you are no longer safe to do so, you are putting yourself and other people (your passengers, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and people in other vehicles) at risk.

Retiring from driving does not have to mean that you will lose your freedom and mobility, as there are many alternatives to driving. If you no longer use your car very much, it may make good financial sense to give it up and use the money you save for other ways of getting around.

Below are some conversation starters, tools, and resources to help you cope with changes in driving, safety, and retiring from driving. We've also included some resources to help loved ones have these sensitive conversations with family members.

As we age, we may start to notice changes in our driving ability. Stay ahead by proactively changing when and where you drive to help compensate for these new changes. If you find yourself in this situation, here are some helpful tips and resources you may find useful:

  • Avoid certain driving situations, times and routes (for example, in-town vs. interstate driving) that you find more difficult and stressful. For many, this typically includes avoiding driving:
    • At night
    • During rush hour
    • Through high-volume, busy intersections and routes (including congested areas like school drop-off and pick-up zones)
    • On certain types of roads (for example, interstate and highway driving)
    • During shift changes at local factories or in congested areas
  • Allow more time to get where you need to go, so you can drive safely, at a slightly reduced speed, and not feel rushed.
  • Reduce the amount of driving by using convenient, personalized alternative transportation options like friends or family, public transit, buses, taxis, and more.
  • Consider taking regular driving assessments, refresher training like the AARP Smart Driver Refresher Course, or attending events to help you continue to drive safely, for as long as possible.
  • Learn from your mistakes and near misses. Think about situations you found difficult and what you could have done differently to minimize the likelihood of a re-occurrence.
  • Change or adapt your car to make your driving easier and safer. We’ve made this easier than ever by offering CarFit opportunities throughout the state. CarFit was developed by the American Association on Aging in collaboration with the AARP, American Occupational Therapy Association, and AAA. Program events are designed to provide a quick but comprehensive check of how well you and your vehicle work together. A trained professional will ask you simple questions and complete a 12-point CarFit checklist.
  • Consider whether it’s time to retire from driving. If you travel infrequently, have physical or cognitive changes which are affecting your driving, or travel less than 2,000 miles per year – it is often cheaper and more convenient to use alternative modes of transportation like taxis, bus, or car pool services in your area.
  • My doctor advises me to no longer drive. If your doctor tells you that you should no longer drive, come visit us at one of our driver’s license service centers. We’ll help you surrender your driver’s license and issue you an identification card, free of charge, as well as help you locate alternative transportation resources.

CarFit   CarFit

CarFit was developed by the American Society on Aging in collaboration with AARP, American Occupational Therapy Association, and AAA. Program events are designed to provide a quick but comprehensive check of how well you and your vehicle work together. A trained professional will ask you simple questions and complete a 12-point CarFit checklist. After visiting the trained volunteer professional, the driver will consult with an occupational therapist who, if needed, will discuss ways drivers can maintain and improve aspects related to their driving health. The entire process takes about 20 minutes. You leave with recommended car adjustments and adaptations, a list of resources in your area, and a greater peace of mind.

Some of the discussion points during a CarFit event include:

  • Mirror adjustments. Properly adjusting the vehicle’s mirrors can greatly minimize blind spots for drivers when changing lanes.
  • Good foot positioning on the gas and brake pedals. Drivers who reach with their toes to press on the pedals can experience reduced reaction times and fatigue in their legs.
  • Position of the driver in relationship to the steering wheel. Drivers run a risk of serious injury if they are sitting closer than 10 inches to the steering wheel.

As we age, changes in our vision, flexibility, strength, range of motion, and even size and height may make us less comfortable and reduce our control behind the wheel. CarFit provides older adults with the tools to understand and apply the safety features of their vehicles. Having a car that “fits” the older driver is key. While older drivers are often considered safer drivers because they're more likely to wear seatbelts and less likely to speed or drink and drive, they are more likely to be seriously injured in a crash because their bodies are more fragile. Older drivers can improve their safety by ensuring their cars are properly adjusted for them. A proper fit in one's car can greatly increase not only the driver's safety but also the safety of others.

Driver & Identification Services supports CarFit by providing trained technicians and assistance in hosting CarFit checkups throughout the state. Check the CarFit website at for an event in your community, or contact Driver & Identification Services at 515-244-8725 or email to schedule an event.

Driver resources  Driver resources

Below you will find useful information provided by The Hartford to help you or a loved one have those sensitive conversations about changes in driving, safety, and retiring from driving: