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Prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis: contemporary practices in light of the past
  1. Ana S Iltis
  1. Correspondence to Dr Ana S Iltis, Department of Philosophy and Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; iltisas{at}

The 20th century eugenics movement in the USA and contemporary practices involving prenatal screening (PNS), prenatal diagnosis (PND), abortion and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) share important morally relevant similarities. I summarise some features of the 20th century eugenics movement; describe the contemporary standard of care in the USA regarding PNS, PND, abortion and PGD; and demonstrate that the ‘old eugenics’ the contemporary standard of care share the underlying view that social resources should be invested to prevent the birth of people with certain characteristics. This comparison makes evident the difficulty of crafting moral arguments that treat some uses of PNS, PND, abortion and PGD as licit and others as illicit.

  • Ethics

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The 20th century eugenics movement in the USA (and possibly some other high-income countries such as Great Britain and Canada) shares important morally relevant similarities with contemporary practices surrounding the use of prenatal screening (PNS), prenatal diagnosis (PND), abortion and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).1 ,2 The goal here is not to deny differences or to identify similarities to use the term ‘eugenics’ ‘like a club’.3 Instead, the goal is to interrogate taken-for-granted professional practices and public policy regarding PNS, PND, abortion and PGD. Efforts to distinguish the old eugenics from contemporary practices rely in part on specific differences between the two to show that contemporary practices do not share particular problems of the past. It is instructive to see whether these purported differences withstand scrutiny. Those that do not, provide us with reasons to revisit the present.

First, I briefly introduce the 20th century eugenics movement in the USA and then characterise the contemporary ‘standard of care’ in the USA (and many other high-income countries) regarding PNS, PND, abortion and PGD. Then, I demonstrate that both the ‘old eugenics’ and today's practices share important similarities. An assessment of some of the arguments offered to distinguish between the past and present morally reveals these similarities and the difficulty of crafting arguments that treat some uses of PNS, PND, abortion and PGD as licit and others as illicit.

The 20th century eugenics movement in the USA

Three generations of imbeciles are enough—Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.4

In 1883, Francis Galton introduced ‘eugenics’ to refer to the ‘well born’.5 By the early 20th century, the ‘socially inadequate’, including persons ‘pre-disposed’ to criminal activity, the promiscuous, the mentally ill and individuals with limited intellectual ability were deemed ‘defective’ as a result of genes they inherited. They were thought to be at risk for passing these failings on to their children.6 The term ‘eugenics’ has long referred to a broad class of views and activities related to altering the human gene pool.7 ,8 Multiple approaches were defended to prevent future generations from being saddled with a poor genetic inheritance, with some groups disagreeing vehemently with each other.9

Concerns over costs various groups imposed on society prompted much of the interest in eugenics in the USA10 Numerous organisations, such as the Eugenics Record Office, were formed to reduce the incidence of ‘birth defects’.11 State laws calling for the forced sterilisation of the ‘socially inadequate’ were passed, enforced and upheld by the US Supreme Court.4 For several decades, these practices continued, often disproportionately affecting the poor and people of colour.11 North Carolina, for example, had an active eugenic sterilisation programme that lasted from 1929 to 1974 and affected approximately 7600 people.12 ,13

Not all eugenicists advocated for forced sterilisation.8 ,13 Some held that medical students should be taught to counsel patients on eugenics to prevent transmission of inherited deficiencies.11 By informing and educating the public, individuals would make the ‘right’ choice about sterilisation.14 Others, such as Alexander Graham Bell, sought to dilute the effect of bad genes by encouraging people with poor genes to marry better people thereby improving the overall quality of the population.11 Margaret Sanger, who founded Planned Parenthood, claimed that both the eugenics and birth control movements sought ‘to assist the race toward the elimination of the unfit’.15 Sanger noted that ‘the campaign for Birth Control is not merely of eugenic value, but is practically identical in ideal, with the final aims of Eugenics’.16 Many in the eugenics movement rejected Sanger's defence of birth control.17

Contemporary policies and practices involving PNS and PND

In high-income countries today, efforts to reduce the incidence of birth defects involve improving preconception health, good prenatal nutrition, use of prenatal vitamins, screening and treatment for conditions such as gestational diabetes, and safe labour and delivery environments, as well as PNS, PND, abortion and PGD. PNS includes serum screening of maternal blood and ultrasound to detect fetuses at increased risk for aneuploidies (an abnormal number of chromosomes, as in Down syndrome) and other anomalies, such as neural tube defects.18 A positive screen does not mean that the fetus has the condition, and a negative result does not mean that the fetus does not have it. False-positive screening results are not uncommon.19–22 Generally, it is recommended that positive screening results be followed by PND. PND involves the use of chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, both of which are invasive and carry risks to the fetus, to examine the chromosomes to detect aneuploidies as well as Mendelian disorders such as cystic fibrosis and Tay–Sachs disease, among others.

Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) involves drawing blood from a pregnant woman and examining the cell-free fetal DNA in her blood to detect aneuploidies.18 Because NIPS is more accurate than traditional maternal serum screening, some people treat the results as they might treat a diagnostic test result.23 NIPS comes with a high rate of false positives, meaning that people may terminate healthy pregnancies thinking the fetus has an anomaly.24–26 This confidence in NIPS results is understandable given that marketing materials for NIPS refer to these screenings as 99% specific.27 This means that the screen rarely misses an anomaly, but it does this by capturing many cases in which there is no anomaly.28

Today, it is widely recommended that all pregnant women be offered screening for Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), other aneuploidies and other anomalies within the first few weeks of pregnancy.18 ,29 ,30 Although the concept of ‘standard of care’ is complex, in many high-income countries PNS and PND are part of routine obstetric care, and often these services are covered by governments and private insurers per clinical practice guidelines and other professional recommendations.18 ,31 ,32 Failure to provide the standard of care leaves physicians vulnerable to malpractice lawsuits.33

PGD involves the use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to create embryos; one or two cells are removed and studied to detect chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies, or Mendelian conditions such as cystic fibrosis. PGD can be used to select the embryos that will be transferred to a woman; the others typically are discarded or used for research. PGD also has been used to have a child who will be a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match for a sibling who needs a stem cell transplant and to detect embryos that are unaffected carriers of conditions such as haemophilia.34 ,35 The possibility of using next generation sequencing to obtain the entire genome of embryos has generated discussion.36

Physicians, genetic counsellors and other clinicians who provide PNS and PND results to pregnant women are expected to disclose information in a neutral way without encouraging any particular action. Non-directiveness was adopted to emphasise that abortion decisions were personal decisions and clinicians could not make those choices or be responsible for them.37 ,38 Because the relationship between geneticists and eugenics was well known, there was a strong desire to separate genetic counselling from the eugenics movement so that the former would be seen as a legitimate health profession.37 ,39 The connections between the past and present often are not acknowledged today, though the relationship between eugenics and genetic counselling has been well documented.39–43

Despite the emphasis on non-directiveness, there are many ways—some subtle and others not subtle—in which clinicians may communicate an attitude or recommendation.7 ,44 ,45 By providing certain kinds of information and not others, clinicians can intentionally or unintentionally recommend choices. The framing of information can have a similar effect. Many people have expressed concern that most or all of the information that accompanies a screening result that indicates an elevated risk of Down syndrome or a PND of Down syndrome is negative; rarely is positive information about families that include a disabled child included.46–49 This can direct parents to a particular decision—abortion. In at least one US state (Massachusetts), a law requires more balanced and comprehensive information upon positive prenatal Down syndrome screen or diagnoses.50 The Massachusetts Down Syndrome Congress, an advocacy organisation, reports an increase in referrals to its organisation from healthcare professionals subsequent to the new law.51 There are reports of obstetricians who refuse to continue caring for pregnant women who decline to terminate their pregnancies after serious anomalies were diagnosed prenatally.52 The professional requirement of non-directive counselling is not always met.53 ,54

PNS, PND and PGD are used routinely to detect embryos and fetuses that have or are at increased risk of having any one of a number of anomalies. Through abortion and embryo selection, the number of children born with these conditions is reduced significantly.55–58

Some argue that parents may have an obligation of procreative beneficence. They should avail themselves of technologies, including PGD, PNS, PND and abortion, that enable them to give birth to the best children possible and to prevent suffering by avoiding the birth of children who will suffer because of their condition.59 Depending on the nature of the information available from PND, PNS and PGD, parents should select against disorders and conditions and select for traits that may be associated with better lives. For example, we might choose children likely to be taller than those likely to be shorter, since taller people on average earn more.61 This use of PNS, PND and PGD is not currently standard.

20th century eugenics, PNS, PND and PGD—morally relevant similarities

A number of differences between the old eugenics and contemporary practices involving PNS, PND, abortion and PGD have been or could be offered to distinguish the morally problematic past from present efforts to decrease the number of births of children with certain characteristics. These differences are offered because they are considered morally relevant features. Examining these alleged differences reveals that contemporary practices share important features with the old eugenics. Insofar as these features contribute to what we find morally problematic about the 20th century eugenics movement in the USA and contemporary practices share them as well, they should lead us to reconsider contemporary practices. This is not to say that there are no differences but rather to highlight similarities we should not ignore in assessing present practices. They might point to concerns or inconsistencies we are unable to see easily.

First, the science behind the eugenics movement was wrong but PNS, PND and PGD rely on a solid understanding of genetics. Although today's science is far better, it is imperfect. Contemporary screening techniques can give high rates of false positives.19–22 ,60 The American College of Medical Genetics issued a statement in 2013 urging caution in the use of NIPS because of the limitations of the techniques.20 These limitations may not be well understood by patients or clinicians, and NIPS continue to be used widely.28 ,60 Confidence in our current knowledge might be misplaced. We do not know how imperfect contemporary science might be, but we should expect it is incomplete.

If we accept the claim that the past and present are different because of the state of scientific knowledge then and now, we should consider how the 20th century eugenics movement might generally be seen today if the science had been right. If the undesirable character traits they were trying to prevent were inherited as thought, would it have been permissible to try to prevent persons from being born with those characteristics, even if only through voluntary means? If the answer is yes, then we must remain open to the possibility that in the future it will be possible to use PNS, PND and PGD to detect a wider range of characteristics or predispositions, some of which will be thought to be socially undesirable. If that happens, use of those technologies to prevent people with undesirable characteristics from being born will be justified. If the answer is no, then the state of the science is not a relevant difference. Instead the concern might be with the list of undesirable characteristics that drove the eugenics movement.

Second, the eugenics movement was about ‘imbeciles’, the ‘feeble-minded’, criminals and the poor, and it reflected racist and classist biases and judgements. Today we focus on ‘real’ diseases, including fatal conditions and conditions that are ‘objectively bad’. Some use the term public health genetics to highlight the health rather than social orientation of contemporary practices.62 It is debateable whether everything for which PNS, PND and PGD are used routinely is ‘objectively bad’.44 ,52 ,63 For instance, given that many people born with Down syndrome live long, healthy and fulfilling lives, the justification cannot be that Down syndrome is objectively bad and abortion will free them from a life of suffering.64 ,65 Many decisions about what to screen and test for rest on discriminatory views about the disabled.46 ,48 ,66 The choice of conditions for which systematic screening or testing is recommended reflects a different set of biases and value judgements from the ones that informed the 20th century eugenics movement, but they are biases nonetheless. Many people defend PNS, PND and PGD to detect embryos and fetuses with medical conditions and abortion to terminate pregnancies when anomalies are found but reject using them to select for preferences such as sex or height, often out of concern for discrimination against females.67 ,68 Others disagree.35 ,69

To screen and test for some characteristics and not others, and to allow abortion of fetuses diagnosed with some characteristics and not others, is discriminatory.44 ,69 As Adrienne Asch observed: ‘If public health frowns on efforts to select for or against girls or boys and would oppose future efforts to select for or against those who would have a particular sexual orientation, but promotes people's efforts to avoid having children who would have disabilities, it is because medicine and public health view disability as extremely different from and worse than these other forms of human variation’.44What underlies the restrictions allowing for PNS, PND and abortion and PGD and embryo selection for some characteristics and not others is what Nathaniel Comfort has called the eugenic impulse, ‘the impulse to improve human health and happiness with genetics’.40

The history of concepts of health and disease is a long and complex one. What is deemed unhealthy or a disease or a medical condition changes over time and varies from place to place. Until 1973, homosexuality was classified as a disease that should be treated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).70 Today many see homosexuality as a normal human variation. Imagine that PNS, PND, abortion and PGD had been widely available before 1973 and that it had been possible to screen for an increased risk of having a homosexual child. Would PNS, PND, abortion and PGD have been used to reduce the incidence of this outcome? Given all the efforts throughout history to ‘cure’ homosexuality and its presence in the DSM, at one time it might have been the kind of condition included in routine PNS, PND and PGD.71 Insofar as cost considerations are relevant, screening for various learning differences someday could be promoted to reduce the burden on schools of supporting certain students. What conditions may become part of routine testing or screening in the future remains to be seen. Of special concern here for some commentators is the periodic resurgence of efforts to understand behaviour in terms of genetics which, although repudiated, gain traction from time to time.10 ,72

The premise that governments and professional societies can distinguish reliably between health and disease and determine which conditions are so bad that society should seek to prevent such persons from being born is dubious. This is not to deny that there are conditions that would be universally or nearly universally recognised as serious, but the further claim that healthcare professionals and policy makers can determine the set of conditions that should be detected before birth to decrease the possibility of such lives being lived at all and that social resources should be dedicated to detecting and eliminating embryos and fetuses with these conditions goes beyond merely recognising them as serious.44

Third, the eugenics movement and contemporary practices employ different techniques to prevent poor birth outcomes. The eugenics movement violated the rights and interests of living people through sterilisation and marriage restrictions. Today PNS, PND and abortion, or PGD and embryo selection, promote the rights and interests of living people, enabling parents and prospective parents to make informed private decisions. It is hard to see how the difference in technology allows us to condemn the past and recognise the present as licit. The eugenics movement held that there are certain kinds of people who should not reproduce because there are certain kinds of people whose birth is a bad outcome. Today's practices reflect the view that there are certain kinds of people whose birth would be such a bad outcome that social resources are allocated to prevent it. PGD implies something similar. Whether the means to prevent bad birth outcomes involve sterilisation and marriage restrictions or PNS, PND and abortion, or PGD and embryo selection, the reasoning and goals are the same, namely to prevent bad births. If anything, the contemporary practices might be more problematic since prevention is secured through selective killing. Regardless of the techniques used, these practices aim to reduce the incidence of birth defects and save money.73 ,74

Both old and new practices go well beyond what we might call benign prevention aimed at avoiding sickness. An example of benign prevention is recommending that women consume sufficient folic acid before and during pregnancy to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. Benign prevention reflects a view about the conditions under which, generally speaking, lives go better or are easier to live. People should do what they can to promote health in the future and avoid preventable conditions. The 20th century eugenics movement and contemporary practices go beyond this in seeking to prevent anyone from ‘slipping through’. It is not merely the case that some individuals might decide that they do not want to include children with certain conditions in their families. Rather, healthcare professionals and policy makers determine that some conditions (and not others) are bad enough that they always should be detected before birth so that bad birth outcomes can be avoided by preventing such children from being born. There are important differences between saying that society ought to support the systematic detection of fetuses with certain conditions to decrease the likelihood that they will be brought to term and recognising that lives go better when people do not have to face certain conditions.44 In choosing to deploy social resources and public policy systematically to prevent such births, the state and healthcare professionals identify a class of children whose birth would be so bad that it ought to be prevented. Physicians' failure to help parents prevent such births may be grounds for litigation.

Fourth, the eugenics movement involved the coercive force of the state coupled with the support of healthcare professionals and scientists. Today's practices are voluntary; they are based on individual choice and they promote informed decision making and personal autonomy.7 ,75–77 Although in the late-19th to mid-20th century in the USA numerous states had laws allowing for the forced sterilisation of people deemed unfit to reproduce, much of the eugenics movement. The eugenics movement did not always apply the coercive force of the state.11 ,14 They recommended other efforts, including making sterilisation and birth control education available and encouraging some marriages and discouraging others, to reduce the incidence of undesirable births and increase good birth outcomes. States employed public health workers to implement eugenics efforts, and physicians were instrumental to these efforts. If the role of coercion is an essential difference, we must wonder whether the non-coercive elements of the 20th century eugenics movement were acceptable.

Moreover, today the state and the perceived authority of physicians and scientists are used to promote and direct contemporary practices in several ways much like in the past.78 One of these is by providing or requiring coverage for certain types of PNS and PND and promoting messaging that encourages their use.18 ,31–32 ,60 Women are not merely told that they may use PNS but that it is part of basic pregnancy care. Failure to screen is a failure to obtain comprehensive prenatal care, something all ‘good mothers’ are expected to pursue. When detected, or even when there is an increased risk that certain conditions are present, women must be offered the opportunity to terminate their pregnancies or discard their embryos. Despite the expectation of non-directiveness, women may be encouraged to terminate pregnancies. The effect of this combination of state funding and professional ‘packaging’ of PNS, PND and abortion can be powerful. In Denmark, the rate of Down syndrome births has declined steadily since the government began covering PNS for all pregnant women. At the current rate of decline, Denmark might see no children born with the condition by 2030.67 The goal of governments paying for or requiring coverage for PND and PNS is, at least to some extent, saving money. This suggests that states are not neutral about the outcomes of such programmes but instead expect that the information will be used to terminate pregnancies.78 ,79

Another way state power can be used to promote PNS, PND and abortion is through the courts or fear of the courts. In the USA, the concept of ‘standard of care’ plays a role in malpractice litigation and in wrongful birth and wrongful life lawsuits. A physician who fails to provide the standard of care may be found negligent when a patient is harmed as a result of that failure. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines recommend that PNS and PND be offered to all pregnant women and that abortion be available.29 Although states vary in how practice guidelines can be used in lawsuits, patients who give birth to children with conditions that PNS or PND could have detected might sue a physician.81 Physicians will want to show that they offered all recommended screening and testing and gave patients the option to terminate. Because they fear litigation, physicians might come to see themselves as obligated to provide PNS and PND and offer abortion routinely. Without any legislation or regulation, the force of the state together with the authority of healthcare professionals perpetuates the routine use of PNS/PND and in some cases PGD for specific aims. In the future, additional pressure may be brought to bear on individuals and physicians to prevent the birth of children with conditions detectable through PNS and PND.78 The state's role is more subtle today, but it remains important.

Beyond the authority of the state, the mere ‘routinization of prenatal screening techniques’ may mean that little explanation is offered, women may not question the practice and they may believe that they have little choice about pursuing PNS.60 ,63 ,82–84 Even though counselling before PNS is recommended, it is not always sufficient.14 PND (chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) is somewhat different. Because of the risks it carries and the nature of the results, physicians may be more likely to disclose more information in an effort to secure informed consent.

Attempts to distinguish the ‘old eugenics’ from contemporary practices often emphasise the role of autonomy and parental choice in PNS, PND, abortion and PGD decisions.7 ,63 There is no systematic judgement about certain types of people and conditions; practices are characterised in terms of reproductive freedom rather than eugenics. Such a distinction is implausible given that the widespread and routine use of PNS, PND and PGD aims at identifying some characteristics and not others. Some uses may be prohibited. The decision to screen and test for Down syndrome but not for sex or some condition that physicians might not consider serious (eg, a predisposition to acne or dyslexia) reflects the value-laden judgements driving contemporary practice. Sometimes there is disagreement over what should be considered serious, such as a female fetus who is an unaffected carrier of haemophilia or adult onset disease.18 ,34 ,85 ,86 Many defenders of PND, PNS and PGD oppose the use of these interventions for sex selection except in the case of sex-linked conditions.7 ,35 ,67 ,87 If contemporary practices are aimed at promoting autonomy and fostering reproductive freedom, they should not be restricted to selecting against conditions physicians, insurers and governments have chosen. Individuals in authority to choose (parents and prospective parents) should decide what is important. To treat some characteristics differently from others undermines the professed importance of respecting and advancing reproductive freedom and reveals the discriminatory views that underlie social commitment to contemporary PNS, PND, abortion and PGD practices.3 ,44 What we have today is constrained reproductive freedom where the constraints are driven by the eugenic impulse and have a eugenic effect.

Fifth, some commentators have argued that comparisons between the eugenics movement and PGD are inappropriate because PGD is not sufficiently widespread and is too complex to be anything like mass sterilisations.75 PGD may become more widespread over time.88 Even today, for anyone using IVF, PGD imposes little or no additional burden.59 Nevertheless, PNS, PND and abortion are widespread in high-income countries, including the USA56 ,57 ,74 Insofar as a practice aimed at promoting the birth only of healthy children has to be widespread to be eugenic, then PNS/PND followed by abortion meet this requirement.

Distinctions between the 20th century eugenics movement and contemporary practices sometimes are offered to show that the present does not suffer from these morally problematic features of the past. These features are morally relevant, and it is because they are morally relevant that they are used to try to differentiate the past from the present. Rather than confirming the gap between the old and the new, examining five of these differences here points us to morally relevant similarities between the 20th century eugenics movement in the USA and contemporary uses of PNS, PND, abortion and PGD. We should take these similarities seriously. Some fear that the association between these will trigger laws prohibiting what they think are licit uses of PNS, PND, abortion and PGD.75 It is important to recognise the difference between individual decisions to use PNS, PND, PGD and abortion and the systematic deployment of social resources to ensure their routine use to advance social goals, including public health. Just as in the eugenics movement, today there is a strong reliance on public health language in discussions of PNS, PND and PGD. These practices are seen as cost-effective and good for society and are propagated through the collaboration of healthcare professionals and the state.14 ,44 ,53 ,75–76 ,89 As Arthur Caplan observed, the recommendation to provide all pregnant women with screening for neural tube defects in California was made with ‘the hope that some of those who are found to have children with neural tube defects will choose not to bring them to term….thereby preventing the state from having to bear the burden of their care’.90 PNS and PND have been made available largely through the use of tax dollars to conduct research.66 PNS and PND often are covered by public and private third-party payers.18 ,31 ,32 ,67 Both the old and new practices involve the use of public resources and the state, and they rely on the authority and cooperation of physicians and other health professionals to reduce the incidence of unhealthy births and promote good birth outcomes by systematically detecting embryos and fetuses with certain conditions before birth to prevent such individuals from being born.

Some commentators predict that additional technological and policy developments may advance eugenic objectives and outcomes further.78 In an era of ongoing conversations about the escalating costs of healthcare coupled with growing demand for public funding of healthcare in the USA, the perception that individuals with genetic conditions detectable before birth may be imposing preventable costs on society should come as no surprise. Social cost considerations played an important role in the eugenics movement in the USA during the 20th century and they may do so again.80

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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Suga announces 6 policies based on Abe administration ahead of LDP presidential race

  • September 6, 2020
  • , The Japan News , 1:48 p.m.
  • English Press

The Yomiuri Shimbun / Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga speaks at a press conference on Friday.

Ahead of the upcoming Liberal Democratic Party presidential election, contender Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga announced on Saturday his six key policies which are largely in line with those pursued by the current administration.

The collection of policies, released on his blog, is titled “Self-help, mutual help, public help and bonds: Revitalizing Japan from the regions” and consists of six main policies including measures against the novel coronavirus, employment and diplomacy. Suga, 71, stressed that he “will continue Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s fully devoted work and effort to make further progress.”

The six policies are as follows:

1. Overcoming the national crisis brought on by the coronavirus

2. Demolishing the vertical divisions of ministries and agencies to revitalize Japan

3. Securing jobs and protecting lives

4. Creating vital regions

5. Dealing with the declining birthrate and providing an anxiety-free social security system

6. Protecting national interests via diplomacy and crisis management

Regarding measures against the coronavirus, Suga pledged to “prevent an explosive spread of infections at any cost” and “aim to secure vaccines for the nation’s entire population by sometime in the first half of 2021.”

With regard to diplomacy and crisis management, Suga stated the government will “develop foreign and security policies based on a functioning Japan-U.S. alliance” and “build stable relations with China and other neighboring countries.”

In the policies he also incorporated the aim of resolving the issue of abductions of Japanese nationals by North Korea as a final settlement for Japan’s postwar diplomacy and to continue the work of revising the Constitution.

The LDP presidential election is scheduled to be held on Sept. 14 with the official campaign kicking off on Tuesday.

  • Ambassador
  • Ukraine
  • COVID-19
  • Trending Japan

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FedEx – Warehouse Pro

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This is a Contract position in Ladson, SC posted August 3, 2022.

Auto req ID: 357556BR Job Summary IMMEDIATE OPENINGS! Come for a job and stay for a career! FedEx Ground is part of the rapidly growing warehouse and transportation sector that helps keep America, and our economy, moving. Be part of a winning team and workplace community that cares about who you are as an individual, and your safety in the workplace. Perks and Benefits at FedEx Ground Competitive wages paid weekly for both full and part time opportunities $5,250 tuition reimbursement every year with no lifetime cap! All employees are eligible for this awesome benefit on their first day of employment! Generous paid time off program – work your way up to 5 weeks of PTO a year! Medical, dental and vision benefits after a short waiting period. Flexible scheduling that helps balance your work and personal life. Valuable employee discounts on things like cell phone plans, electronics, cars and restaurants. Free Purple Pathways career development program for all FedEx Ground employees. Paid parental leave for both moms and dads! Employee networks, and diversity, equity and inclusion programs available for all employees. What you can expect at FedEx Ground: Fast paced and physical warehouse work – why pay for a gym membership when you can get paid while working out? Warehouse duties include loading, unloading, and sorting of packages of various sizes. Part time FedEx Ground employees work one shift a day; full time FedEx Ground employees work two shifts. Shift lengths vary based on package volume – generally part time employees work between 3 and 6 hours a day. Full time employees can expect to work between 6 and 10 hours. Overtime paid after 40 hours a week. Reasonable accommodations are available for qualified individuals with disabilities. Address: 6850 WEBER RD City: LADSON State: South Carolina Zip Code: 29456 Domicile Location: FXG-US/USA/P294/Charleston Colocation Additional Location Information: Address: 6850 Weber Rd City: Ladson State: South Carolina Zip Code: 29456 Domicile Location: P294 Additional Information: ONLY PART-TIME POSITIONS AVAILABLE Rate of pay: $14.50-$15.00 FedEx Ground Operates 7 days/week, candidates must be available to work 5-6 days/week. Job is PHYSICALLY DEMANDING and packages weigh 150lbs or less EEO Statement FedEx Ground is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer (Minorities/Females/Disability/Veterans) committed to a diverse workforce


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Software Engineer, Front End

Capital One
Richmond, Virginia
Nov 14, 2021
Dec 14, 2021
Full Time
Locations: VA - Richmond, United States of America, Richmond, Virginia

Software Engineer, Front End

Do you love building and pioneering in the technology space? Do you enjoy solving complex business problems in a fast-paced, collaborative, inclusive, and iterative delivery environment? At Capital One, you'll be part of a big group of makers, breakers, doers and disruptors, who solve real problems and meet real customer needs. We are seeking Front End Software Engineers who are passionate about using cutting-edge open source frameworks with emerging technologies. As a Capital One Software Engineer, you'll have the opportunity to be on the forefront of driving a major transformation within Capital One.

What You'll Do:

Work with a team of developers with deep experience in distributed microservices and full stack systems

Perform software development on Front End Applications leveraging a test-driven development pattern

Own the technical design and development of cross-functional, multi-platform application systems

Share your passion for staying on top of tech trends, experimenting with and learning new technologies, participating in internal & external technology communities, and mentoring other members of the engineering community

Collaborate with digital product managers, and deliver robust cloud-based solutions that drive powerful experiences to help millions of Americans achieve financial empowerment

Utilize programming languages like JavaScript (Angular, React, Node), HTML CSS, TypeScript and Java, open source frameworks, RESTful web services, and work on cross-browser and cross-device development

Basic Qualifications:

Bachelor's Degree

At least 2 years of experience in software engineering

Preferred Qualifications:

3+ years of experience in at least one of the following: JavaScript, React, Angular, Node, TypeScript, or Java

1+ years of experience with AWS, GCP, Azure, or another cloud service

2+ years of experience in open source frameworks

2+ years of experience in Agile practices

At this time, Capital One will not sponsor a new applicant for employment authorization for this position.

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Kerry Tells Palestinian Authority: Do Not Give in to Trump

While the White House has confirmed that since the Jerusalem Declaration there has been a complete disconnect between the Palestinian Authority and the Trump administration, it turns out that the previous administration has maintained contact with PA officials.

Maariv reported that former US secretary of state John Kerry met in London with a close associate of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, Hussein Agha, for a long and open conversation about a variety of topics. Agha apparently reported details of the conversation to senior PA officials in Ramallah. A senior PA official confirmed to Maariv that the meeting took place.

Agha is one of Abbas’s closest associates and one of the veteran peacemakers with Israel.

He conducted the “London Track,” secret negotiations held from 2010 to 2013 between the emissaries of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, attorney Yitzhak Molcho and Brig.-Gen. Mike Herzog, under the supervision and presence of Dennis Ross. Agha also authored with Yossi Beilin the Beilin-Abbas agreement in the 1990s. He is considered a staunch supporter of the peace process, very close to Abbas, and maintains an extensive network of contacts, including Israelis.

During the conversation, according to the report, Kerry asked Agha to convey a message to Abbas and ask him to “hold on and be strong.” Tell him, he told Agha, “that he should stay strong in his spirit and play for time, that he will not break and will not yield to President [Donald] Trump’s demands.” (Read more from “Kerry Tells Palestinian Authority: Do Not Give in to Trump” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.


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Jokeindex home

Star Wars: Changing Luke (G)

More Stuff!
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One day Luke gets fed up with life as a farmer so he goes to see Old Ben the local magician.

Luke: Ben I'm really fed up being a farmer can you turn me into something else?

Ben: Like what?

Luke: Well I guess it would be cool to be a Dewback.

Ben: Ok but only if you're sure.

Luke: I'm sure all right but let me go off and have one last drink as a human.

Luke goes off to have his drink.

Owen and Beru are getting worried so they go and see Old Ben to see if he knows where Luke is.

Owen: Hey Ben have you seen Luke today?

Ben: Yes. he's gone for a drink but he won't be Dewback until later.

I take old Starbucks Drink Cups and
turn them into Lamps

The warm panels are made from melting down old Starbucks drink cups, but it looks and feels like mica or some organic material. The wood in the lampshade and base is pulled from our 100 year old house in Astoria Oregon during a remodel, and it all comes together for a beautiful, classic look.

Check it out!

Editor's Note: Be sure to check out my blog at -- maybe not as funny as the 5,000+ jokes here, but I ramble about life, technology and other things that make the world... nutty.

Today's blog: Terms of Service in lieu of Legal Governance
Follow @bissell and @jokeindex on Twitter


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An Unarmed California Man Threatens to Kill Himself — Police Allegedly Arrive And Hit Him With A Stun Gun and Then Shoot Him To Death

Police in Keyes, California are investigating why police officers killed an unarmed 32-year-man after first shooting him with a stun gun. Family members called police to tell them that George Ramirez was suffering from depression and threatening suicide. The Stanislaus County sheriff’s deputy is now on administrative leave. According to reports, Deputy Art Parra Jr. has been on the force for six years.

Ramirez reportedly had a history of depression and the family said that they wanted to get him help. When police arrived, Ramirez reported demanded to know “Who sent you to arrest me? Where’s your credentials?” The single officer reportedly used the stun gun soon after arriving at the scene and family members said that the shot caused Ramirez to fall to the floor. They insisted that he had not threatened the deputy. When Ramirez got back on his feet, the family says the deputy proceeded to shoot him three times in the torso. The father says that after the officer killed his son, three other officers arrived and started pointing guns at him and the family.

We have not heard the officer’s account, who was reportedly not injured.

The absence of a gun does not necessarily rule out a justified use of lethal force. The facts as stated by the family however are quite disturbing and the absence of a weapon raises serious questions of excessive use of force by the officer. I am also not sure of why the officer did not just the stun gun again rather than lethal force.

Source: KCRA as first seen on Reddit

51 thoughts on “An Unarmed California Man Threatens to Kill Himself — Police Allegedly Arrive And Hit Him With A Stun Gun and Then Shoot Him To Death”

  1. George was never hotsile to the officer. Thats what the father told me. So there was no exuse to tazer and shoot him. The family was never hostile to Parra so there was no reason to point the gun at the family. One member of the family said ” I Thought he was going to kill us all” they all feard for there lives including a 15 year old child. After he was tazerd and fell to the ground.

    QUESTION why did parra not go over to his body(that was still laying on the ground) and handcuffhim .Hes suppose to do that its policy

    ANSWER Parra waited for him to get up so he can kill him and get away with. Parra killed George becouse a few days before and officer not far from keyes was killed by a mad man so parra shot George as a form of vengence. Gorge had nothing to do with the officer’s murder. But for parra George represented the officers killer. He chose George b cuz he was suicidal. After the officers murder there were many suspisous cases of officers shooting people. It happnes alot when ever a cop is killed.

    QUESTION how do i know why he shot George
    ANSWER a former cop told me
    IF you live in Stanislous county conctact the district attornys office and our congressmen and DEMAND JUSTICE!

  2. I live in Keyes my whole town is in danger b cuz of that psychopath that is allowed to carry a gun. I met the family gve the dad a hug. I demand justice!! Instead of pressing charges on him they gave him a promotion.R.I.P George Ramirez

  3. I do not even understand how I ended up here, however I believed this put
    up was good. I don’t realize who you’re however certainly you’re going to a well-known blogger in case you are not already. Cheers!

  4. When a tazer is deployed within a short distance they often loose connection which is why Ramirez probably got back up and then walked towards the Deputy then giving the Deputy no choice but to use deadly force with a lethal weapon. What people don’t understand is that law enforcement tools much like any other persons tools in their own proffesions sometimes don’t work. This man was mentally ill and this article falls short of explaining that this poor man was acting hositle and not complying with the Deputy’s orders and therefore this incident resulted in a tragic outcome. In regards to the deputies who responded to the scene they had no idea who shots were fired at. All they heard over the radio was “tazer deployed” and “shots fired” shortly afterwards. For all they know their fellow brother and co-worker had been shot at. In this case they were justified in pointing guns at the parents in case they were pontential threats. This is sad and unfortunate but the fact of the matter is that Deputy’s only goal is to get home at the end of the day to his own family and shooting the mentally ill and hostile victim not complying with his orders was the only option left after he tried one and then failed because of a faulty resource.

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“Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Gun Lobby”: Newsom Attacks Federal Judge Who Ruled In Favor Of Gun Rights

Remember when networks and legal experts (correctly) denounced President Donald Trump for his attacks on judges who ruled against him? Two years ago, I ran a column noting that Democrats were adopting the same attacks on conservative judges but the media was entirely silent. Now, California Gov. Gavin Newsom and Democrats are lambasting a federal judge who ruled in favor of gun rights in a recent decision — accusing him of being in the pocket of the NRA and a danger to the country.  The response to Newsom’s attack from all of those same media and legal experts has ranged from outright support to conspicuous silence.

We recently wrote about the decision of U.S. District Judge Roger Benitez to strike down the ban on “assault weapons.”  In Miller v. Bonta, Benitez found that the ban on weapons like the AR-15 is based on both a misunderstanding of the weapons and a misinterpretation of the Constitution.  I previously discussed many of the same issues surrounding the AR-15 which remains one of the most popular weapons in the United States

The recent decision led to a barrage of personal attacks from Newsom, state Attorney General Rob Bonta and legal experts.  Newsom called Benitez a “stone-cold ideologue” who writes “press releases on behalf of the gun lobby.”  He warned that everyone needs to “call this federal judge out” because “he will continue to do damage.”

Benitez has indeed ruled for gun owners in the past.  However, he was upheld in that decision (which is still on appeal). In 2017, he struck down the state’s nearly two-decade-old ban on the sales and purchases of magazines holding more than 10 bullets. As recently discussed, the Ninth Circuit upheld his decision, which is now scheduled to be reheard by an 11-member panel. These cases have a very strong chance for review before the Supreme Court given the division across the country and the 6-3 conservative majority on the Court.

One can have good-faith reasons to disagree with both decisions.  Indeed, I am all in favor of passionate and pointed analysis of judicial rulings. Moreover, there are occasions where a judge’s personal bias is an issue.  Despite previously praising Judge Emmet Sullivan, I wrote columns that later criticized him for what appeared bias in his handling of the Flynn case. This is not such a case. Newsom is attacking this judge because he ruled in favor of gun rights arguments that are supported by many judges, lawyers, and citizens. These arguments have never been rejected by the Supreme Court. Indeed, he was relying on strong case law in favor of the Second Amendment claims raised by the litigants.

It is the strikingly different response to the attacks on the judge that caught my attention. As discussed in the earlier column, legal experts expressed outrage over attacks by Trump of judges as “Obama judges” or “political judges” during his term. There was however no push back on Democratic members denouncing “Trump judges” and “Trump Justices.”  Esquire magazine published a column denouncing judges who ruled against ObamaCare, declaring that the Republican arguments “don’t need to make sense. They just need the right judges — and they’re everywhere in the federal judicial system.” One Nation article explained how Trump jurists “swarming our judicial system . . . will linger, like an infected wound poisoning the body politic.” CNN ran headlines about “Republican-appointed judges” supporting the ObamaCare challenge, while Democratic members of Congress denounced federal judges’ rulings for the Trump administration as examples of why new judges must be appointed by Democrats.

Benitez ruled on arguments that have long been discussed by many of us as raising serious questions over the constitutionality of these laws. Again, one can disagree with the arguments but they are not fringe or fanciful positions. Indeed, Newsom’s demand for an appeal may be great news for the gun rights groups. Liberal states and cities have repeatedly pushed appeals that resulted in magnifying their losses. The District of Columbia is a great example of such poor choices in triggering the decisions in Heller. Later the Supreme Court expanded on its pro-gun rights case law in  McDonald v. City of Chicago. The Supreme Court just took up a new major gun rights case out of New York.

Benitez and his family fled communist Cuba and remains a powerful American success story.  He was able to get through law school as a first generation American. Benitez was confirmed 98-1 and had the strong support of Sen. Dianne Feinstein and other Democrats. (Only Sen. Dick Durban voted against him). Feinstein rejected the negative review of the ABA based on his “temperament” and noted that her own inquiries found that lawyers “say he is a man of the highest ethical standard, that he has superb demeanor, intelligence, pragmatism, and fairness. And the chief public defender notes that he has good judicial temperament and is courteous to his employees and the attorneys who appear before him.”

Newsom’s attack omits that Benitez was upheld by other judges in his earlier decision. That does not mean that the opinion is manifestly right (Indeed, it is being appealed). However, the opinion advanced well-established arguments and authority in reaching its conclusion. A majority on the Supreme Court would likely agree with much of the opinion. It is not about him. It is about the law.  That is why I criticized Trump for his attacks on judges and why we should be equally critical of Newsom and Democratic leaders doing the same thing now.

35 thoughts on ““Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Gun Lobby”: Newsom Attacks Federal Judge Who Ruled In Favor Of Gun Rights”

  1. Newsome’s a fascist incensed that people actually control their own lives. Guns in the hands of free men stand in his tyrannical way. The Dims are a cancer on the body politic. Nuck Fewsome and all of his ilk. We’ll have our reckoning soon enough. It’s in the air.

  2. Aren’t the first 10 amendments the bill of rights. And aren’t these individual rights.

    1. And don’t the Constitution and Bill of Rights, deliberately, willfully and severely, limit and restrict Congress and all governmental branches, departments and agencies from diminishing, in any aspect and to any degree, those rights, freedoms, privileges and immunities?

      Free people self govern in the least amount.

      Enslaved people under communism strictly adhere to the whims and edicts of dictators and tyrants.

      The entire American welfare state is unconstitutional.

  3. This is ridiculous; kindergarten, sand box caterwauling.

    This is anti-American, anti-Constitution, fascist/communist bellicosity from direct and mortal enemies of the United States.

    America exists and persists under the dominion of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

    No court may find any other definition or status of the absolute right to keep and bear arms.

    No court may act arbitrarily or as an empowered dictator and tyrant by ignoring the literal, verbatim, manifest tenor of the 2nd Amendment.

    All Americans enjoy the right to keep and bear arms.

    No entity has any authority to deny that right or any portion thereof, or any of its essential facets and aspects, such as parts, components, ammunition and/or magazines.

    The right to keep and bear arms is not qualified by the Constitution and is, therefore, absolute.

    2nd Amendment

    A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

  4. Democrats think of judges as politicians and too many left-leaning judges have acted like politicians.

    It is no surprise that Democrats attack if a judge only renders a decision based on law rather than polling on Twitter, that is to say, when he acts like a judge.

  5. Gov Newsom appears to have a problem with any citizens lobbying on behalf of their Second Amendment rights.

    Most gun owners understand that bans on the AR-15 are indeed based upon misunderstanding of the weapon in question. The AR-15 is no M4, and is not a “weapon of war.” It is strictly a civilian weapon.

    This is what happens when politicians who don’t know the difference between a clip and a magazine legislate firearms.

    1. Newsom presides over a state that does not prosecute many crimes anymore. Prisons are regularly emptied. Anyone eligible for parole, even those with life sentences, may earn early release. Police budgets have been slashed. My own neighborhood has been informed that law enforcement response times may easily exceed 45 minutes.

      While the Democrat government ruling class have their walls and gates around their homes, and their law enforcement security, they push to enable as much crime as possible while simultaneously making the law abiding as helpless and defenseless as possible.

      The Left has long identified with criminals rather than law abiding citizens.

  6. The left claims that Americans do not have a right to bear arms even though the 2nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution explicitly recognizes and protects that right. The same left, however, claims that Americans have a right to kill the unborn human beings they conceive in spite of the absence of any reference to such a right in the Constitution.

  7. Its interesting that Turley also mentions McDonald v. City of Chicago.

    While it extends Heller, it was more of the blanket ban over all pistols.

    Prior to McDonald, you couldn’t own or have a handgun in your possession if you were a Chicago Resident. You could own long guns (no assault weapons) and must have them registered.
    (No one did that)

    I for one welcome the appeal and hope this goes to SCOTUS.
    It will render the “assault weapons” bans in municipalities moot.

    1. Anon: “Prior to McDonald, you couldn’t own or have a handgun in your possession if you were a Chicago Resident. ”

      At least not unless you were a gangster.

      1. Hey Now!
        I was talking about legal gun ownership. Actually Aldermen could have pistols.
        I believe it was in 2012 just outside the Merchandise Mart’s warehouse, down by the river there’s an old rail bridge always up…
        A former soon to be indicted school board official committed suicide using a pistol he had prior to the ban but never turned in.

  8. Let’s have a real memory. Obama was the President who dramatically denounced, disparaged, and attempted to bully judges when he said it would be an “unprecedented, extraordinary” step for the justices to overturn Obama care. He did the same in his SOTU when he criticized SCOTUS for Citizens United making untrue assertions about the result.

  9. Newsom is facing a recall. He needs a villain to deflect away from his terrible handling of the Wuhan virus.

    If it wasn’t this judge and the NRA, Newsom would be demonizing someone else for his failures. Democrats hate just about everybody so the list of potential villains is long: the NRA, guns, plastic straws, free speech advocates, the Koch Brothers; anti-abortionists; fossil fuel.

  10. Looking over the polling on this issue, depending on how the question is worded (which solicits a little outlying opinion), it basically averages out to about 60% supporting a ban on automatic and semi automatic weaponry in the States. So you start with about 40% support, amongst whom the “AR-15” is quite popular for the most part, so assuming there isn’t 100% support amongst that 40% who don’t support a ban (let’s say a 3 to 1, or 30% support for the position Benitez is upholding) we have a judge who is holding for a minority opinion. That’s the numerical reality despite the vociferous support of AR-15 fans. Those are just the numbers…

    But this is not surprising, no? It’s what Newsom is speaking to as well victims rights groups.

    Either way, writing about it today does keep us from asking whether you were in agreement with Barr’s subpoena on Apple to get dirt on Schiff and the Dems on the Intelligence Committee. What are your thoughts on that, JT? Did Barr seek your opinion on that little foray?

    1. Benitez is upholding) we have a judge who is holding for a minority opinion. That’s the numerical reality despite the vociferous support of AR-15 fans. Those are just the numbers…

      What principle are you using, concluding the judiciary should reach decisions on public opinion polls……instead of, oh gee, citing the law and applying precedents?

      This doesn’t even get into phony “polls’. Polls are commissioned (paid for) by some entity that wants to create, validate, support, some predetermined narrative (lie).
      The only exception is politicians ‘internal’ polls. With dozens of election prediction polls, complete with all the underlying data being availble for free. Politicians spend money for real, internal, polls to get an accurate appraisal of public leanings.

      despite the vociferous support of AR-15 fans.
      despite the vociferous support of rule of law fans.

      1. Sorry, there are no precedents for the AR-15 in the rule of law.

        1. “Sorry, there are no precedents for the AR-15 in the rule of law.”

          The Miller decision is SCOTUS precedent. Miller, when banning “sawed off” shotguns, stated in part, that weapons that have little utility in wars/armed conflict, and are not generally in use and widespread among the population, are not protected under the 2cnd amendment.

          Banning the most popular rifle in the Untied States would then be in violation of SCOTUS precedent.

        2. @Anonymous…
          Dude! If you’re going to keep on this, I’m going to have to create a name so people don’t confuse the anonymous posters.

          Do you actually know anything?

          The second amendment doesn’t specify any firearms. Just affirms the rights for the citizens to maintain arms.
          When you get to Heller and even McDonald v. City of Chicago. The courts have ruled that you can’t ban popular / commonly owned weapons.

          So yes there is a precedent in Heller and McDonald. Although McDonald dealt with the ban of all handguns in Chicago which led to the city getting a permit system.
          I still have a copy of mine which has long since expired.

            1. Tell me which part of Heller set precedent for a S&W .38 with a 2″ barrel.

  11. Just one more data point of why smart people get independent news sources (Turley, Greenwald, Weiss, WSJ) and ignore the media.

    We are tired of being lied to and being misled.

    Lefties are both the liars and the lied to.

  12. Of course I can deny people advancement, or college entrance, or govt loans based on their Race.

    Of course it is fine to attack Judges that Rule against my position.

    Except when you do it.

    Democrats. Always the same. A political part unencumbered by principles.

  13. Wasn’t Benitez a Bush appointee? Sort of throws out the Trump argument, doesn’t it?

  14. Yes, we should be equally critical of decisions based upon simple political points of view. How can those Senators who voted for his confirmation to his current post now decide that he’s a political hack, a wolf in sheep’s clothing? His decision simply reflects what the Constitution says, and what case law supports.

    1. Drives liberals nuts when a judge follows precedent that was not set by liberal judges. There was a great WSJ article when I was in law school in the late 80s that I wish I could find. It spoke of the “leftward ratchet” of the Supreme Court (the era when a new verb was invented–borking). The premise was that liberal judges legislate from the bench, then conservative judges come along and, as they do, follow precedent. Over time, though the court may be made up of a majority of Conservatives, the precedent they must follow was set by liberals. Wish I could find it because it was an interesting analysis.

      1. Suze,

        What drives the new libs nuts, is anyone who still believes in the Constitution of the United States and what the founders intended.

  15. Most of the mainstream media are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Dems.

      1. Wally,

        Interesting that you used Fox as an example of mainstream media owned by the Dems, but Fox is by far the least of the problem we have with media. No one is perfect, but you selected one of the very few networks that still have “any” journalistic integrity left.

Comments are closed.


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Rebello, Candida J.1; Axelrod, Christopher L.1; Reynolds, Charles F. III2; Greenway, Frank L.1; Kirwan, John P.1

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Bar Charts

Side-by-Side Stacked Bar

This demo shows the side-by-side stacked bar series that allows you to visualize data as bars stacked in different groups. This series type is useful when you compare values of an individual series with the total values of groups.

Bind Chart to Data

The side-by-side stacked bar chart contains series with the same argument field. In this demo, the data source array consists of the objects with the same field structure. Assign the state field to the argumentField property of the commonSeriesSettings object to specify the common argument for the series. Then, define the series array of objects. In each object, specify the valueField property and use the stack property to group the series in stacks depending on the stack property values.

Customize Side-By-Side Stacked Bar Chart

Customize Chart Legend

Use the verticalAlignment and horizontalAlignment properties of the legend object to specify the legend layout.

The customizeLegend function allows you to change the order, text, and visibility of legend items. This demo uses the array.splice method in the customizeItems function to sort the legend items. If you want to customize the legend border, use properties collected in the border object.

To distribute all legend items between multiple columns (in a vertically-oriented legend) or rows (in a horizontally-oriented legend), specify the columnCount or rowCount property, respectively.

Configure Tooltips

To configure tooltips in the chart, use the tooltip object. To enable the tooltips, assign true to the enabled property of this object.

Export Chart

To allow users to export your side-by-side stacked bar chart into a PNG, JPEG, PDF, and SVG file or print the chart, set the export.enabled property to true. Since the export functionality is enabled in this demo, you can click the hamburger button in the chart to invoke a drop-down menu with export and print commands.

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People Are Outraged At ‘The Australian’ For Saying A Murdered Woman Had “Nagged” Her Husband

"Many men experience stress and other challenges, but they do not murder their partners"

renxi ouyang The Australian

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Last week, Renxi Ouyang was murdered and stuffed inside a freezer in her Sydney home.

She was the victim of a horrible crime, and her death has received widespread coverage — some of it careful and balanced, and some of it reeking of victim blaming.

The opening paragraph of The Australian’s article about the murder described Renxi as a “strong, aggressive” person who often “nagged” her husband, who was described as “quietly spoken”.

Renxi’s name wasn’t even mentioned until the third paragraph.

There was immediate, justifiable backlash to the way the story was reported.

Police found Renxi’s body on Wednesday after concerns were raised for her welfare — neighbours reported hearing yelling and screaming from their apartment last Sunday.

By the time she was discovered her husband Haoling “Andrew” Luo had been gone for 24 hours after boarding a plane to China’s Sichuan province on Tuesday, with the couple’s two children, aged four and six.

So far 51 women have been killed this year by a current or former partner.

Talking to Junkee, Our Watch CEO Patty Kinnersly points out that “poor media reporting practices can contribute to this condoning of violence.”

“It’s crucial that reporting on family violence does not excuse the perpetrator, for example by focusing on how stressed they were, their financial problems, or other difficulties. Many men experience stress and other challenges, but they do not murder their partners.”

“Equally, it is unacceptable to portray a victim in ways that could be seen as justifying the violence, by implying that a woman provoked or deserved it. After all, as a community, we would say there is never an excuse for such violence.”

Our Watch is a national, independent not-for-profit organisation which aims to drive nationwide change in the culture, behaviours and power imbalances that lead to violence against women and children.

Patty said while media reporting is now less likely to include descriptions about what a victim was wearing, many still include “uninformed comments” from friends or neighbours who did not have an accurate picture of what was happening in the relationship.

“Many reports still include uninformed comments from neighbours or friends of the perpetrator describing them as good blokes, or labelling the violence as out of character,” she said.

“We know that most violence against women that ends up in the news is the end result of an ongoing escalation of abuse, and family violence is typically hidden behind closed doors. Neighbours and friends are rarely accurate, unbiased sources for what was really happening in a relationship.”

The Our Watch website also includes resources that journalists can rely on when reporting on domestic violence issues.

The concept of the nagging wife is not a new one, and has been used for years to criticise women while also failing to recognise the burden of emotional labour that often falls on them.

Haoling Luo is currently being questioned by Chinese police, and NSW detectives are working to extradite him back to Australia. No charges have been laid.

On average, one woman a week is murdered by her current or former partner. For sexual assault, domestic and family violence counselling services call 1800 RESPECT (1800 737 732).


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What does wellness mean to you? Some think quitting sugar, others think yoga on the beach. So here’s a question: what does wellness mean to you?

Wellness, the state of experiencing wellbeing. When people think wellness, they sometimes picture their ideal selves: a perfect zen balance of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health. However, that image is usually marred by the reality of modern life – we’re often too busy, too stressed to make wellness a priority. To make ourselves, our health, our connection with nature and our happiness, a priority. And that’s something we all deserve to change.

This month, we’re launching our national Wellbeing campaign, to inspire us all to wellbeing and lives we truly love – like reconnecting with nature, nurturing your body through nutrition and fitness, and practicing daily mindfulness.

At Jurlique, we believe beauty comes from within, and it shows when we’re living in harmony with ourselves and the world around us. So we’ll be looking at how the power of nature can help promote radiant skin, no matter what your skin type or concern. And, with the help of some of Australia’s top nutrition, fitness and mindfulness experts, we’ll also be exploring:

  • The whole foods story – what it is and why it matters, as well as recipes for delicious, nutritious meals
  • How to set and manage fitness goals and energy levels with fun workouts you’ll enjoy
  • The self-love and self-care benefits of being mindful in each moment – and how it can help minimise stress
Wellness happens by making incremental changes that add up over time. Some of these changes can be small, like eating more vegetables, or swapping coffee for green tea. Others, however, may involve challenging preconceived notions about how we should think, feel, act or simply be – like letting go of negative self-talk, feeling guilty, saying ‘yes’ more often than saying ‘no’ and being the perfect parent / friend / partner / employee / person.

This is one of the most important things to remember. Because what links the wellness pillars of skin care, nutrition, fitness and mindfulness isn’t what you’d normally expect. The truth is, what connects them all is you and your experience. You’re the key to realising your happiness and health, and living a life that fills you with joy and contentment, every single day.

It’s not about a magic bullet, or having a perfect record. It’s okay to stumble every now and again on the path to wellbeing. What’s important are those gentle gains, and being open to what you might be able to do, right now, in order to start feeling happier and healthier. Because if you can end each day having done one more thing to add value to your life, then every day will be better than the last.

And that’s our challenge to you over the coming month.

Enjoy September.

Team Jurlique x

“Our vision was to formulate and manufacture the purest skin care products available based on the healing properties of nature and to inspire people to health and wellbeing.” – Ulrike Klein, Jurlique Co-founder

This month’s skin care, nutrition, fitness and mindfulness articles delivered straight to your inbox – sign up to the Jurlique newsletter.


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Service Support Manager (IT)

July 29, 2022

Job Description

  • Lagos

Adexen Recruitment Agency

Adexen was mandated by an international organisation to recruit an experienced individual for its operations in the position below:
Job Title: Service Support Manager (IT)
Location: Lagos, Nigeria
Industry: Logistics & Transport
Job Seniority: Manager
Job Category: Business Development
Employment Type: Full time

Manage the team responsible for handling all IT related issues and requests and liaise with Group Service Desk and Incident Management teams to ensure trouble tickets and incidents are acted upon within specified time
Manage a team of Support personnel who provide End-User-Support (EUS) to internal customers in all Group locations across the country
Provide direction to team members to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of EUS operations.
Act as the major incident manager in the case of a major incident affecting service within the organization and to provide active management of incident diagnosis and resolution
Co-ordination, analysis and reporting of incidents raised through the Service Desk and support the development of processes, procedures and tools to achieve the control required for incident management.
Provide technical information, customer assistance, and solutions to technical problems across sections
Manage the single point of contact for handling all IT related issues (first port of call in all hardware, software and network related faults and requests, including change requests).
Ensure maximum issue resolutions in minimum time
Monitor the process of escalating reported incidents to third party vendors.
Ensure the preparation and presentation of periodic management reports on the activities of the service desk and incident management.
Champion the motivation and skills enhancement of team members.
Manage relationship between Bollore service providers and third-party software and hardware vendors to ensure effective end-user support
Initiate and coordinate communication process and procedures with end-users usually at high-level
Develop innovations for training end-users on self-help tips necessary for first level resolution of end user problems.
Ensure previous incidents are averted and ensure that there is an effective database of information about previous incidents available to the first and second level Help Desk staff to assist in resolving similar incidents.

Desired Skills and Experience

Bachelor's Degree in Information Technology, Computer Science, Information Systems, or a related field of study
Master's degree is a plus
Minimum of 8 years of experience in a similar senior posiiton within an international organisation
Relevant Certifications of the related field of study will be an added advantage
Troubleshooting network devices hardware and software
IT Infrastructure; implementation and installation
Customer Service and Delivery
Large team management experience is required.

Application Closing Date
Not Specified.
How to Apply
Interested and qualified candidates should:
Click here to apply online
Note: We thank all applicants however only those selected will be contacted.

To apply for this job please visit

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Does Your Nonprofit Know How to Find Skilled Volunteers?

Join Taproot Foundation’s free webinar on how to partner with skilled volunteers
Jun 3, 2022 11:05 AM ET
Press Release

Thursday June 9, at 1 PM ET / 12 PM CT / 11 AM MT / 10 AM PT

Register Now

Your organization is doing amazing work. We want to help you get the support you need for FREE!

Team up with volunteers skilled in marketing, strategy, finance, data, HR, tech, and more for support to help your nonprofit do good for years to come. We will share tips in this free one-hour webinar that is perfect for nonprofits new to the Taproot community!

During their one-hour webinar on Thursday, June 9, at 1 PM ET, Taproot will cover everything you need to know about working with skilled volunteers, including:

  • What types of common nonprofit challenges can be tackled with volunteer support
  • Best practices to keep in mind when designing and managing your own project with a skilled volunteer
  • Where you can easily connect with virtual volunteers for support in areas like social media, accounting, web design, and more

Register now to join this free webinar on how to connect with skilled volunteers—and bring a friend! We appreciate your support in spreading the word that this webinar, and all of Taproot’s programs for social change organizations, are completely free.

Register Now

Thursday, June 9, at 1 PM ET/ 12 PM ET / 11 AM CT / 10 AM PT

To date, Taproot Foundation has connected over 10,000 nonprofits with skilled volunteer support totaling $260 million in vital resources.

Access to this webinar and the Taproot Plus pro bono platform are completely free of cost for nonprofits, public schools, and fiscally social good organizations in the US, UK, EU, Canada, and India. Select Taproot Plus services are also accessible to US-based small businesses


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You don’t want that someone is calling your Azure Functions unauthenticated. You can rely on old-school function keys or use Azure Active Directory. Azure Functions provide elegant Authentication / Authorization functionality previous known as Easy Auth which works nicely with Azure API Management.

Setup the Azure Function to Use Azure Active Directory

The first thing you need to do is to enable Authentication / Authorization in Platform Features.

Do not forget set Action to take when request is not authenticated to Login in with Azure Active Directory otherwise the function can be still called anonymously.

Next you need to register your application in the Azure Active Directory. For this demo we create new application registration.

When you are finished it could looks to similar to this.

To be sure it really works call the function with some REST Client and the status code must be 401 Unauthorized.

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 58
Content-Type: text/html
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer realm="" authorization_uri="" resource_id="edce07520-ed35-4a3e-9d37-31bd5d3d6a7e"
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2020 14:35:06 GMT
Connection: close

You do not have permission to view this directory or page.

Configure Azure API Management

First you need to enable managed identity. This allows API Management to get JWT Token to access Azure Function.

Now you can add new API.

Finally you need to add a new authentication-managed-identity inbound policy. As a resource you set Application ID of the application created within Azure Function Authentication / Authorization in previous steps. You can find this in Azure Active Directory Enterprise Applications blade.

        <base />
        <authentication-managed-identity resource="edce07520-ed35-4a3e-9d37-31bd5d3d6a7e" />
        <base />
        <base />
        <base />

After this you can call your Azure Function from Azure API Management.

  1. Anton Kalcik, Before All, Thanks for this information, very useful, i leave you with a question,¿what about giving the access only a one managed Identity?

    so what i want is: i have an API, that can access to the Azure Function using Managed Identity, but only just one Managed Identity, i dont see that we can specify wich Managed Identity can access to the Azure Function.

    Liked by 2 people

  2. This is the best information I’ve found on this subject. After messing around with this stuff for 2 days, trying to follow the Microsoft documentation, I finally found this site. Everything finally makes sense, and it’s so simple.

    Thank you for sharing this information!

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Miami Dolphins To Hire Former Kansas City Chiefs President Carl Peterson To Front Office Role, According To Source

While the Kansas City Chiefs try to recover and figure out who will be their next leader of men on their football team, the Miami Dolphins have requested the sage wisdom from a former Chiefs front office legend.

According to ESPN's Chris Mortensen, the Dolphins will hire Carl Peterson to an advisory role in their organization.

Alex__mcfadden_normal Also, #Dolphins owner Stephen Ross plans to hire former Chiefs prez Carl Peterson to front office role once held by Bill Parcells #NFL32 @mortreport via Twitter

Back in 1988, Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt hired Peterson to handle the club's team president duties from Jack Steadman and general manager duties from Jim Schaff. Twenty years later, the Chiefs organization was quite successful under Peterson's reign, as the Chiefs' record was 176-141-1 and qualified for the NFL playoffs nine times.

For more on the Chiefs' firing of Todd Haley, check out Arrowhead Pride. For all NFL news, visit SB Nation's NFL page.