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‘Can I Get Your Autograph?’: A Short History of Signature Collecting

Greek gold signet ring (c. 400 BCE). Athena is depicted seated with her owl; the Greek inscription reads “Anaxiles.” This is likely the artist who made the ring. Image via the British Museum.

When I was a kid, I was obsessed with collecting the signatures of the Atlanta Braves baseball players. It was a point of pride to show my friends the signatures of John Smoltz or Greg Maddux, and they provided me with a little residual cachet. Turns out that Romans had much the same reaction. The natural historian Pliny the Elder (NH 37.15) remarks that in the first century BCE, the dictator Sulla’s son-in-law was rumored to have a penchant for collecting rings in a cabinet called a dactyliotheca (Gr.δακτυλιοθήκη). Male and female Romans wore rings on the finger next to their pinky on their left hand–i.e. their ring finger (Aul. Gell. 10.10). Many of these were signet rings used to seal documents with wax or even clay in a design specific to an individual.

At first, these rings were made of iron and later of gold. They often passed from elder to younger kin within a family for use over several generations. Scaurus is an early example of an autograph collector who hunted down these seal rings for himself. He also started a trend. Not to be outdone (particularly not by someone related to Sulla!), Pompey later donated to the Capitol a ring that had belonged to King Mithridates. In the true spirit of one-upping, Julius Caesar then dedicated six ring cabinets to the Temple of Venus Genetrix.

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An imitative 18th c. intaglio in sardonyx of Demetrius Poliorcetes or perhaps Alexander the Great wearing a diadem with a small horn; inscribed with “KARPOU” “Of Karpos”–likely the name of a fake engraver; in gold mount. Image via the British Museum.
An Akkadian farmer’s cylinder seal from c. 2350 BCE now at the Walter’s Art Museum in Baltimore.

Long before the ascent of Greece or Rome, seals were used in ancient Near Eastern civilizations. Yet they were not just the purview of kings and dynasts. The Walter’s Art Museum has an Akkadian cylinder seal from 2350 BCE inscribed with the name of the owner: “Ur-Inanna, the farmer.” Using someone else’s seal could connect you with legitimacy and power. Ergo, Octavian may have used Julius Caesar’s ring as a signature at first, before adopting a Sphinx signet found among his mother’s rings (Plin. NH. 37.10). Briefly, Octavian used Alexander the Great as a seal, before becoming more confident in his role. During the principate he used an image of himself created by the artist Dioscurides (Dio 51.3.6; Suet. Aug. 50). He used it to seal diplomata (military diplomas), epistulae (letters), libelli (petitions), and other documents. It was this seal that was used by later emperors as a mark of the position of Augustus. Continuity in seal symbolized a continuity in power.

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A papyrus with seal still attached. Image via the University of Michigan Papyrological Collection.

As I have written about before, the proliferation of artist signatures on vases, mosaics, gems, and other works do give us some famous autographs. These inscriptions were a popular way to advertise one’s personal creations or to signify the work of a particular workshop, and people definitely collected such signed works done by well-known artists in particular.

“Nikosthenes’ signature (Nikosthenes epoiesen–“Nikosthenes made [this]”) on the neck of a black-figure amphora, c. 530–520 BC, located in the Louvre.” Image via Wikimedia.
The word “signature” comes from the future active participle of the Latin verb “signo”. Thus signaturum is “something about to be sealed or marked.” Roman signatures didn’t just come in the form of waxen seals. Greeks and Romans also signed their names (often with the date appended) in order to authenticate certain legal documents. To write something with your own hand was in Greek called αὐτόγραφος. Transliterated, this later became the word “autograph.” The historian Suetonius (Ner. 10) relates an anecdote about the emperor Nero’s reluctance to give an autograph. When asked to sign the death warrant for a convict, the emperor lamented that he wished he had never learned how to write.

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In the 2nd or 3rd c. CE, the people of Aphrodisias had a subscriptio written by Augustus to the Samians copied and inscribed on the archive wall. Letters from emperors were often archived and then copied for public display in order to confirm civic grants (e.g., tax breaks). Image via the Inscriptions of Aphrodisias, King’s College-London.

In Roman law, this official underwriting was called a subscriptio, and was akin to the modern idea of the use of a signature as a judgement–a kind of signing off on a verdict. Witnesses to documents also signed on the bottom, as exemplified in a grant of citizenship given to Mauretanians under the reign of Commodus called the Tabula Banasitana. A number of witnesses’ signatures were copied onto the bronze tabula from the original document (a tabula was quite an expensive Xerox copy) in the late 2nd c. CE.

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The bronze Tabula Banasitana. (Morocco), Musée archéologique de Rabat. Note the bottom says “Signaverunt” (They signed), followed by a list of people. Image via the Studia Humanitatis Blog.

As Elizabeth Meyer has written, any subscriptio only added value to a document. Scribes and slaves often wrote letters for their masters, such that we don’t get the handwriting of the individual writing a letter except in legal documents requiring such a subscriptio. Even an imperial subscript or letter in the emperor’s hand said only “Vale”–“Farewell!” if a full subscript wasn’t needed (2004: 210). It was usually the seal that truly stood in as the personal signature of the man or woman sending the document, though later Roman emperors could also use special purple inks to denote their identity.

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A birth notice from July 11, 72 CE. The bottom is signed with a subscriptio by an amphodarch named Apollonius, along with the date. P. Warr.2 = HGV P.Warr. 2 = Trismegistos 13701 = leidenpapinst.apis.0002. Image via papyri.info.

Although Greece and Rome had strong oral relations for business negotiations, there were times when regular individuals also had to sign their signature on a document. If they were not literate enough to sign their name or had extremely bad eyesight, they could hire a ὑπογραφεύς (a subscriber) to sign for them as their proxy.

P. Petaus 121. Inv. No. 328 Cologne. 182-187 CE. Image via the University of Cologne.

These scribes had to practice their signature just like everyone else. We even have papyri illustrating a scribe named Petaus who over and over wrote the formula for a proper signature: Name + Title + “I have submitted.” Such scribes served as a kind of notary that could authenticate and sign documents for their clients, but they were often related to the individual in some way.

Well into the period of Late Antiquity, signatures remained potent and validating. They were required on documents produced during Church synods (In 325 CE, all bishops present–except those that had abstained– had to sign off on documents from the Council of Nicaea) and we have a number of them on early medieval charters. Many of these have been fabulously collected and written upon by Ainoa Castro over on the Visigothic Script blog. Both scribes and bishops developed their own distinctive monograms, signatures, and scripts in order to authenticate documents. These documents were often prized by churches and archives, and carried around by individuals as, say, proof of ownership or citizenship. Seals also continued to be used well into the middle ages, as evidenced by the database of Byzantine seals (called bullae in Latin) at Dumbarton Oaks. The one below is a 10th or 11th c. Byzantine seal that reads: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μαριανό κυβυκλισίῳ κὲ βασιλικό κλιρικῷ: “Lord, help your servant Marianos kouboukleisios and imperial cleric” (trans. Dumbarton Oaks). Such official seals were collectors items as well as authenticators.

Although imperial seals and autographed documents had been collected by cities, archives, and sometimes individuals in antiquity, the taste for signatures as transportable marks of status took hold particularly during the Renaissance of the 15th century. Manuscript hunters put great stock in possessing old documents and authenticating them, and the craze for vestiges of the past extended to the signature. Into the 16th century, people also began to collect the signatures of their friends and family members. These were called alba amicorum (“albums of friends”), and they were simply a way of showing off ones networks of friends. Think of it as a a Renaissance Facebook wall that could be displayed at parties or in houses, in order to gloat about the high and mighty people you had connected with.

Wikimedia Image uploaded on 02-10-2013 from the Flickr stream of the Royal Library, The Hague (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KB, national library of the Netherlands). This is a page from the album amicorum of van Hans van Wyckel.

Well into the Early Modern period, people continued to collect such albums and to keep visitor books at the front of their house in order to show off the list of people who had come. A small, magical part of a person was transmitted via a signature–producing an artifact that could be revisited over and over, even if the person was absent or dead. Certain signatures became recognizable (e.g., I can to this day still recognize a Thomas Jefferson signature), and the diversification of names (unlike most Roman names, which were rather limited in scope) allowed for the personal signature, rather than the seal, to become a much more individualized touch. Official documents carried signatures, and were displayed with pride–just as they had been in antiquity. I have a bunch of diplomas on my office wall functioning in this manner right now.

Collecting books with signatures from famous authors or owners remains in vogue, and many still cherish any evidence of touch or contact with a celebrated person. Signatures continue to function as a means of verification and a visualization of a social network. Much like Twitter or Facebook, which use our chosen profile image as our seal and personal signature to be left in the comments section, autographs showed the popularity, networks, and import of an individual to all who view it. As in antiquity, a name, seal, or complex monogram was a powerful thing to confer and to receive. Whether in wax, on papyrus, or on paper, people tapped into this transferrable potency by collecting and then displaying signatures as form of social currency to be spent again and again.

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The signature of George Washington from the 1789 imprint of the first acts passed by Congress. Image and signature via the Library of Congress.

3 thoughts on “‘Can I Get Your Autograph?’: A Short History of Signature Collecting

  1. Another great post, FYI the link to the Visigothic Script Blog wasn’t working for me, not sure what the issue is but thought I’d mention it.

    1. Hi there! I just got the request to approve the link and should work too. Many thanks Sarah!!! 😀 (This reminds me I should find some time off to work on the topic again. I didn’t even have time to publish on it properly)

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Constructing constructs for psychopathology: the NIMH research domain criteria.

As a commentary for the special section on Reconceptualizing the Classification of Mental Disorders, this article begins with a description of the impetus for the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative and provides an update of progress on that initiative to date. The commentary then engages the articles in this special section, beginning with a response to Berenbaum's concern that the RDoC approach to sorting constructs across multiple units of analysis espouses a de facto biological fundamentalism. This leads us to delineate the relationship between RDoC and the NIMH priorities relevant to this initiative. The commentary then considers how Patrick's iterative "construct-network" method can be applied to RDoC construct validation, highlighting several aspects that are particularly useful. One aspect of this work involves determining subject inclusion and exclusion criteria that provide an appropriate range of variance. Finally, this commentary considers the Bilder group's article, explicating the ways in which multilevel models can foster development of hypotheses and informatics approaches needed for further RDoC progress.

Pubmed ID: 24016027 RIS Download

Mesh terms: Biomedical Research | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | Humans | Mental Disorders | National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) | Neural Pathways | Psychopathology | United States


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Homeopathy: To sell or not to sell? Pharmacists weigh in

Shelf sign: Homeopathy is nonreturnable

Homeopathy is nonreturnable

Homeopathy is a popular topic here at Science-Based Pharmacy. I’ve blogged before on the ethics of the provision of these products, and argued pharmacists have an ethical responsibility not to sell, promote, or encourage the sale or use of homeopathy. It’s a question that has been put to pharmacists before. So I was I was interested to see the UK pharmacy publication Chemist and Druggist recently asked their readers about the ethics of the sale of homeopathy, setting up the scenario as follows:

You are working as a locum in a busy high street pharmacy. A customer comes in and asks about “non-drug” treatments for hayfever. The customer says she “doesn’t trust” pharmacy products and asks if you have any homeopathic remedies. The store does stock a range of homeopathic treatments, but you know they are not considered medicines by the RPS. What should you do?

I was hoping to see a discussion from pharmacists on how they’d approach a description of the products (most don’t contain a single molecule of the listed ingredient) and their efficacy (no effects beyond that of placebo) with some science-based (and perhaps non-drug) measures for allergy management. Here are some of the supportive responses: Continue reading

Burzynski Clinic? Meet the Streisand Effect

In the rough and tumble world of blogging, debate and criticism is healthy. I know I’m a better writer and blogger because the feedback from blogging is immediate and public. Yet if you’re going to blog about science, particularly pseudoscience, you’re going to encounter people who don’t share your belief in critical appraisal. And when groups and individuals cannot defend themselves with scientific evidence, they occasionally react by trying to stop that discussion from happening at all. One of the core principles of scientific skepticism is the belief that all ideas can and should be subject to fair criticism. No testable claim may escape appraisal or critique. It’s a critical component of the scientific method itself:

…at the heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly contradictory attitudes – an openness to new ideas, no matter how bizarre or counterintuitive, and the most ruthlessly skeptical scrutiny of all ideas, old and new. This is how deep truths are winnowed from deep nonsense.

– Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World, Chapter 17

Andy Lewis is a prolific skeptical blogger and inventor of the handy Quackometer, a website that analyzes any website, giving a rating based on telltale signs of quackery. Recently Andy blogged about Stanislaw Burzynski and his eponymous cancer clinic. Lewis detailed the story of a child with an inoperable brain tumor and the fundraising that is occurring to send this child to Burzynski’s clinic. The concern is that Burzynski’s cancer treatments consist of an unproven therapy he calls antineoplastons. Despite the lack of any objective evidence that antineoplastons are an effective cancer therapy, Burzynski offers this therapy under the auspices of a clinical trial. Astonishingly, patients must pay for the privilege of entering these trials – in the case of the child in question, the family is trying to raise £200,000. Continue reading

Antioxidants and Exercise: More Harm Than Good?

Multivitamin supplementation has been getting a rough ride in the literature, as evidence emerges that routine supplementation for most is, at best, unnecessary. Some individual vitamins are earning their own unattractive risk/benefit profiles: Products like folic acid, calcium, and beta-carotene all seem inadvisable for routine supplementation in the absence of deficiency or medical indication. Vitamin E, already on the watch list, looks increasingly problematic, with data recently published confirming the suspected association of supplementation with an elevated risk of prostate cancer.

When it comes to health decisions about vitamin supplements, history teaches us a valuable lesson: The danger of assuming therapeutic benefits in the absence of confirmatory evidence. Vitamin supplement have the patina of safety and of health, a feature that’s reinforced when you purchase them: You don’t need a prescription, you don’t get counseled on their use, and there isn’t a long list of frightening potential side effects to accompany the product. You can pull a bottle off the shelf, and take any dose you want. After all, how harmful can vitamins be when you can buy 5 pounds of vitamin C at a time, or vitamin E capsules in a 1000-pack? But the research signals seem to be getting stronger, and most are pointing in the same direction: what we though we knew about antioxidants was based on simplistic hypotheses about nutrition and health. And while we thought we were doing ourselves good with antioxidant supplements, we may have been doing harm. Continue reading

Toronto Star to CPSO: Don’t Muzzle Our Doctors

From the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario’s consultation on “Non-Allopathic” therapies comes a revised policy [PDF, starts page 249]. It’s a significant improvement (gone are references to “allopathic”), but it’s still muddled and equivocal when it comes to advocating for a single treatment standard. The Toronto Star is unimpressed with the revision:

Alternative medicine is booming even without much proof it works. A record 20,000 people are expected at Toronto’s Whole Life Expo at the downtown convention centre next weekend. Three-quarters of Canadians regularly use some form of natural health product, opening their wallets to spend at least $4.3 billion yearly. And the herbs and homeopathic tinctures they buy are just one facet of unconventional medicine — a thriving sector encompassing everything from acupuncture to zone therapy (supposedly stimulating the body’s organs through hand or foot massage).

Ontario’s College of Physicians and Surgeons is bending to the trend with a new policy inhibiting doctors’ criticism of unconventional therapies. In doing so it risks encouraging even broader use of dubious and potentially harmful treatments.

The editorial calls it exactly right:

The college shouldn’t seek to accommodate that trend or retreat to a neutral corner. Rather it should leave doctors free to punch hard against those peddling dubious cures and to challenge people’s comforting, but irrational, beliefs. Science-based medicine serves patients best. If doctors can’t vigorously defend it, who will?

(Emphasis added)

See the full editorial here. The CPSO is poised to ratify the revised policy at their council meeting on November 28 and 29.

Collagen: An implausible supplement for joint pain

I’m one of those odd people that enjoys distance running. I end up spending a lot of time in the company of other runners. And when we’re not running, we’re usually griping about our running injuries. As the cohort that I run with ages, the injuries are getting more prevalent. Besides the acute conditions, the chronic problems are starting to appear. Our osteoarthritis years are here.

As the available pharmacist, I get a lot of questions about joint pain. What’s reassuring, I tell them, is that they shouldn’t blame running. Osteoarthritis is common — the most frequent cause of joint pain. For some, it starts in our twenties, and by our seventies, osteoarthritis is virtually certain. Regardless of your level of exercise, the passage of time means the classic osteoarthritis symptoms — joint pain and morning stiffness, that worsens over time. Continue reading

Weekend Reading

The weekend is nearly upon us. Here’s some recommended reading.

With Vaccines, Bill Gates Changes The World Again – Matthew Herper of Forbes magazine crafts an insightful profile of Bill Gates and his new work, using vaccines to improve the lives of millions:

To deliver pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines to 250 million children, GAVI raised more than $3 billion from various governments, including the U.K., Norway and the U.S., and Gates kicked in the final $1 billion to make it all work. The results have been equally massive: 3.4 million lives saved from hepatitis B, which causes liver cancer, 1.2 million lives from measles, 560,000 from the Hib bacteria, 474,000 from whooping cough, 140,000 from yellow fever and 30,000 from polio. In the past year the new initiatives have prevented another 8,000 deaths from pneumonia and 1,000 from diarrhea.

I Flu Delta -The National Vaccine Information Center, an antivaccine organization, is running antivaccine advertisements, inflight, on Delta Airlines. The advertisement (viewable online) downplays the seriousness of influenza and encourages visits to the NVIC website, which is rife with demonstrably false statements about vaccine safety and efficacy. More at Respectful Insolence. Take a few minutes to send a message to Delta about the veracity of NVIC’s claims.

Q&A: Edzard Ernst on alternative medicine – A great interview with physican Edzard Ernst, coauthor of a book I highly recommend, Trick or Treatment. There are two exchanges here that resonated with me:

Q: A lot of people use acupuncture, yet high-level studies show that sham acupuncture is just as good as ‘real’ acupuncture. What does this tell us?

A: It shows how important the placebo effect can be, particularly if expectations are high. But we do not need bogus treatments to benefit from a placebo response. Any effective therapy also comes with a free placebo effect in addition to its specific therapeutic effects, as long as it is administered with compassion and empathy.

Q: What do you say to people who argue that conventional medicine kills more people than alternative medicine and that the latter is even more dangerous, so we should focus on this threat to public health?

A: I say it’s true but misses the point. Treatments must be judged by their risk-benefit balance. If a therapy causes some harm but, at the same time, saves thousands of lives, it still might be worth considering. Very few alternative medicines generate a lot of benefit. This means even small risks can affect the risk-benefit balance significantly.

The interview is conducted by Julia Belluz, author of the science-advocacy blog Science-ish.

DIY statistical analysis: experience the thrill of touching real data – Ben Goldacre’s weekly column in The Guardian is a must-read for me, and last week’s column, on cancer rates, funnel plots, and and the Poisson distribution was excellent. Highly recommended.

New edition of “Testing Treatments”, best pop science book on Evidence Based Medicine ever – Also from Ben Goldacre, a link to a free download of a book he describes as follows:

There are many reasons to read this book. At the simplest level, it will help you make your own decisions about your own health in a much more informed way. If you work in medicine, the chapters that follow will probably stand head and shoulders above any teaching you had in evidence-based medicine. At the population level, if more people understand how to make fair comparisons, and see whether one intervention is better than another, then as the authors argue, instead of sometimes fearing research, the public might actively campaign to be more involved in reducing uncertainties about the treatments that matter to them.
But there is one final reason to read this book, to learn the tricks of our trade, and that reason has nothing to do with practicality: the plain fact is, this stuff is interesting, and beautiful, and clever. And in this book it’s explained better than anywhere else I’ve ever seen, because of the experience, knowledge, and empathy of the people who wrote it.
Testing Treatments brings a human focus to real world questions. Medicine is about human suffering, and death, but also human frailty in decision makers and researchers: and this is captured here, in the personal stories and doubts of researchers, their motivations, concerns, and their shifts of opinion. It’s rare for this side of science to be made accessible to the public, and the authors move freely, from serious academic papers to the more ephemeral corners of medical literature, finding unguarded pearls from the discussion threads beneath academic papers, commentaries, autobiographies, and casual asides.

Huffington Post: Irresponsible mouthpiece for the World of Woo – If you’re looking for science misinformation, look no further than the Huffington Post. After a simply atrocious piece appeared in the HuffPo (“6 Medical Myths Even Your Doctor May Still Believe”) I was thrilled when Emily Willingham took it on and eviscerated it. An excerpt:

Huffington Post is notorious for publishing anti-science garbage. But I don’t think anything they’ve vomited into the Webosphere is as egregiously misleading and anti-scientific as this piece by one Robert A. Kornfeld in which he purports to let us all know exactly why your physician’s belief in the efficacy of modern medicine is a myth and in which he exposes an ignorance about genetics so profound that I may lose hope in humanity.

Science, Before Your Very Eyes! – Not a reading activity, but an event: Next week, the Lorne Trottier Public Science Symposium Series takes place in Montreal. A free event, this year’s theme is “Alternative Medicine Under the Microscope” and features Science-Based Medicine’s Harriet Hall, physician and author Paul Offit, author of the recommended book Autism’s False Prophets, as well as Edzard Ernst, profile above. If you can get to McGill University on November 7/8, it looks like a fantastic event.

Photo from flickr user Kevin McShane used under a CC licence.


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DIY: Graphite and Paper Mixer

Once you grasp the concepts behind your gear, you can translate that knowledge into making your own, albiet much simpler, versions of that equipment. This video is a short how-to guide and demonstration for using graphite pencils, paper and wires to make a mixer.  With less than $5 worth of materials, you too can make a basic mixer!

Disclaimer: some pencils were harmed in the making of this video.

  • Directed by Langdon Crawford
  • Edited by Sarah Streit
  • Theme Music by Tate Gregor
  • Audio loops collected by Nick Dooley
  • Produced with support from The National Science Foundation


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Find cheap backpacking gear without sacrificing comfort

My first two-person tent (purchased near the end of the Cretaceous Period) set me back about 80 bucks.

It was a bit heavy and bulky for backpacking, and it flapped so loudly in a stiff breeze that I nicknamed it the Wind Sock. But I used it for six summers of car camping and backpacking, and its cost worked out to about 50 cents a night.

Backpacking on a budget is possible. There’s gear out there you can afford — it’s just a matter of knowing where to look and how to evaluate quality.

How to Find (Good) Gear Cheap

Lower your standards and be choosy. Even when you can’t afford expensive gear, read reviews of it to educate yourself on how to distinguish between junk gear and stuff that won’t fall apart on your second trip. The tradeoffs for a lower cost often include heavier gear, mediocre fit and comfort, performance compromises (example: less breathability in a rain jacket) and sometimes durability.

Shop respected brands. Most top name brands offer well-priced gear, like two-person backpacking tents for $150 to $199. Be wary of really cheap gear from an unknown brand on or other retail websites; it might not last long.

Wait for regular sales. Online and brick-and-mortar retailers always offer new-gear sales in spring, clearance sales in early fall and sales around major holidays (Memorial Day, Independence Day, Christmas). Score deals ranging from 20 to 75 percent off gear you might not otherwise be able to afford.

Shop discount online retailers. Try,,, (REI Garage) and All of these sites offer deep discounts on products that have been discontinued but were cutting-edge just months earlier.

Buy used gear. If you can discern good gear from bad and you’re on a general quest for a piece of gear rather than a specific model, buying used stuff on sites like eBay and Craigslist can reap great rewards. Often sellers have used it very little, so the gear might be in like-new condition. Many cities also have gear-consignment stores, where you can find the best bargains on lightly used outdoor gear.

Always start your shopping at The buyers in the BSA’s Supply Group work hard to bring Scouts and Scouters quality equipment and top-of-the-line brands at Scout-friendly prices. Plus, all purchases at local Scout shops and on help support the future of Scouting.

Bargain New Gear

The Alps Mountaineering Taurus 2 — at $69 to $90, depending on where you shop — is a freestanding, dome-style backcountry tent with two doors and vestibules. It’s heavy (weighing more than 7 pounds), a bit cramped inside and comes with just two crossing poles. But it’s built with durable materials, and you’ll be hard pressed to find a cheaper tent that can survive multiple backcountry trips. For a surprisingly low price considering its quality, the Jansport Katahdin 50L ($100) or Katahdin 70L ($130) provides an adjustable harness to fit a range of torso sizes; adequate support, padding and carrying capacity for trips up to three to five days (50L) or four to six days (70L); and features such as abundant pockets and compression you’d find on pricier packs.

When it comes to camp stoves, there are many choices, including affordable options like the Primus Classic Trail Stove. At $20, it fires up reliably; can simmer; has a wide, stable burner for larger pots; and uses any screw-on, isobutane-propane canister (widely available from several brands). But it’s worth noting that for an additional $20, you can grab an MSR PocketRocket, which is equally versatile but less than half the Classic’s weight.

Unlike traditional down, new-tech down feathers resist moisture, dry quickly and retain their ability to keep you warm once wet. But those bags don’t come cheap — except for the Kelty Cosmic Down 20, which comes in three different models for around $150. Besides 600-fill DriDown feathers, the Cosmic has a fully adjustable hood and quilted construction to prevent cold spots. This 20-degree, three-season bag weighs in at less than 3 pounds for the regular length.

When it comes to sleeping on the ground, comfort is a hard sacrifice to make. If you need to pinch pennies, try a foam pad like the Therm-a-Rest Z Lite Sol ($35-$45). But if you want more comfort (who doesn’t?), step up to an air mattress like the Klymit Static V. This 2.5-inch-thick mattress will set you back $55 (much less than the $150-plus varieties), and it packs down to a mere 18 ounces.

MICHAEL LANZA is author of Before They’re Gone, and he shares his gear and trip reviews at

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Cuban’s IceRocket Sold To Think Partnership

Cuban Sells Blog
Search Engine
from Red Herring covers marketing firm Think Partnership
planning to purchase the IceRocket blog
search engine, which is coowned by billionaire
Mark Cuban. Terms aren’t disclosed,
but Cuban won’t be making another billion off of this, safe to say. Red Herring
estimates Think has about $20 million available, if this is a cash deal. Think
seems to be hoping the purchase will help it spread its affiliate marketing work
out further, perhaps to help form a new blog advertising network. Press release
is here.

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The Search Marketing Human Capital Problem

Do you know where I can find a good search guy?

Disclaimer: The word “guy” in this instance is used as a non gender-specific term commonly used by those seeking to hire the elusive search marketing professional. “Search guy” is, therefore, not an affront to the women’s movement or meant to indicate gender bias.

Ladies, please don’t send me an angry email about how there are more than “guys” in the business, I know that. This business would be an intolerable bore without you, and I thank you.

The reality is most people trying to hire “search guys” haven’t the faintest idea what they want. Can you imagine such lunacy in today’s day and age? Lately, I have been getting more calls than usual about where to look for search talent.

As it happens, I do have some thoughts on this matter.

Moderate Sarcasm

Later in life, I am sure everyone in the business now will look back on this time and giggle. Do you remember those two guys that started that company with the funny math name? Then they tried to turn advertising on its head and… What was that company’s name?

For now, everyone is scrambling to find search talent in the business. Small search firms are growing. Big agencies are looking to bring staff in-house or acquiring smaller firms at an alarming rate. Brands and search engines alike are scrambling to bring the expertise in-house, and the largely unregulated search industry can’t train new people fast enough.

At the recent Search Engine Strategies in San Jose, I joked about how just being able to spell s-e-a-r-c-h m-a-r-k-e-t-i-n-g meant an immediate $30,000 annual salary bump for prospective junior employees. Oh, how truly unfunny that situation is for employers looking to fill positions.

Go Big or Go Home

I am not saying I have any experience in this arena, but believe it or not, letting people new to the trade ease their way into the job is not a terrible way to go. Transplanting media folks into paid search? Hold on there, turbo, make sure your staffer isn’t trying to fast track a raise and promotion elsewhere.

When it’s time to build up resources, think past the hopeful “need for knowledge” instant gratification curse. Many of the folks with top-notch search engine marketing knowledge are coming out of very small firms.

Often, while their knowledge of search engine advertising or optimization is above board, they won’t have a solid understanding of corporate protocols and big business life. This type of candidate is not a management shoo-in and will need some time to adjust to a new life and ultimately decide if “big corporate” life is for him or her.

In other words, don’t skip the basics, and start them out small. Your new “search guy” might never develop a taste for the big life.

Business Offspring

The kids grow up kind of quickly, don’t they? Many search marketing firms have experienced explosive growth along with the industry. Remember, with explosive growth comes volatility. One of the most common mistakes rising-star, professional services firms make is hiring executive talent without thinking strategically or realistically about their needs.

If you need some rock stars (and you actually hire them), be prepared for some rock-star thinking. Up to now, you have thought of your business and employees in much the same way you have raised the kids. While independent thought is encouraged, it is your house. Now you want to reach the next level, so how do you get there without new blood?

Stop thinking about the kids and start thinking about dollars and sense. If you don’t want people to help you grow, you shouldn’t hire thinkers. If you like your house small, just hire more Indians and let the chiefs go elsewhere.

Grey Flannel or Clown Suit?

Professional development is tough enough without overcomplicating things. Many prospective employers try to re-purpose roles within an organization in an attempt to fill in the blanks.

The search business is still pretty volatile. Some providers are laying people off faster than you can say, “The Series A money just ran out.” Just because these folks are available, that doesn’t mean you should scale up to accommodate a short-term demand.

Many employers have discovered (the hard way) trying to fit the wrong person in the right job can fast track you into a worse situation. Hiring twelve sales reps from a search engine and calling them account executives in an agency is not a solution; it’s a recipe for disaster.

Repeat after me, sales representative does not equal account executive. Some agencies have successfully placed search advertising in the media department, but a traditional media planner might not be a search engine advertising account manager, either.

Filling the Jobs and Competing

Many prospective employers are getting them young and training them up. You can target recent graduates for employees and interns when they are in season. That’s a good plan, but you have to contend with the learning curve, and there is a high potential for an identity crisis when they decide, “Search just isn’t for me,” or “Thanks for the training, I’m off to a better paying gig that I am not qualified for.”

Poaching has always been a time-honored tradition in search, advertising, and elsewhere. When a prospective employee approaches you, spend some time finding out why this prospective employee doesn’t fit in his or her current role. Bottom feeders in the business also regularly send out “spies” to go through the interview process to catch up on a competitor’s laundry needs. Keep your dirty clothes in the hamper during interviews.

Remarkably, everyone does not want to work for Google. At the end of the day, it’s hard to compete with Google’s free-food, dog-friendly, dry-cleaning-delivered, free-work-love environment. Believe it or not, that work atmosphere is not for everyone. Emphasize your strong points and do your homework with prospective candidates. Find out what is important to them and make sure you have a match before pulling the trigger. More on search training: Up Your SEM Knowledge Now!

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He Ain’t Heavy…

This post originally appeared on The Jaunty Quills , but I thought it was good enough to post here too.

As a writer I love getting emails from readers. Who doesn’t?!  It really is one of the unexpected pleasures of the job.  But what was even more unexpected was the subject of so many of the emails that I have received this year. His name is Walter, and he is a character in my first book, Dangerous Curves Ahead. A lot of readers have really connected to him. And that surprised me. Walter is not my hero, or some other hot guy in the book. He’s my heroine’s father. A sixty year old college professor/ scientist with a vast knowledge of useless information and an awesome collection of ties.  Walter also has Asperger’s. If you don’t know what Asperger’s Syndrome is, it’s a part of the Autism Spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties with social interactions.  I’ve gotten so many emails from women who have someone like Walter in their lives.

The question I get most from them is how could you have written Walter so accurately?

The answer is simple. I can write Walter so accurately because I have a Walter in my life and his name is Jason.  Unlike Walter, Jason is no brainy science guy. He’s just my big brother who loves chocolate cake, bouncy balls and visiting Disney World. Jason has a more severe form of Autism than Walter. He’ll never live alone or drive a car. He’ll probably never have a family of his own, but that doesn’t mean his life is empty.

It’s hard to explain what it was like to grow up with an older sibling that isn’t “normal”. It’s different experience than a parent raising child with a disability. I didn’t go through the grieving process. I didn’t have to put in all the work that my parents did to make sure my brother had a full and happy life. I was simply born into a world that built so much around Jason. It’s a nice world but, as a sibling it was hard to know my place at times. I had no brotherly guidance, no one to scare boys away, none of the typical big brother experiences that my friends had. Instead of my brother going first through the world, my parents looked to me for all the major milestones. I was the first to read and write and navigate social pressures. I was the first to drive a car and go off to college. And I wanted to do everything so well because I knew Jason couldn’t.

It wasn’t easy having a brother who covers his ears when things get too loud, and talks to himself, and spends so much time staring off into space. It’s was annoying constantly apologizing to people when he bumped into them because he has no awareness of his body. And it was annoying that the only thing he ever eats when we go anywhere is a hamburger. As a kid the only thing you want to do is fit in, be like everyone else. But it was hard for me be like everyone else when my brother is like no one else I know.

I think I once said to him, “If you’re going to be Autistic, why can’t you be cool like Rainman and count cards?”

To which my father replied, “I know. You could at least help me pay off this mortgage.”

Some people might be horrified at that exchange, but that’s the way it is in my family. Yes. He’s different. And maybe he won’t do all the things I got to do, but he’s NOT to be felt sorry for. He’s not to be treated less than. We joke and tease because that is what our family does. That’s how we show love. Autism is a huge part of who Jason is but Autism is not all he is.

He’s the oldest of five kids and he knows it. He doesn’t let us boss him around, and if we try to he says, “Go ahead with your own life. Leave me alone!”  (Which I didn’t realize that he got from a Billy Joel song till I was older. How awesome is that?)

He’s a pretty smooth liar. He once called me the B word. (I probably deserved it.) And when I asked him to repeat himself he said, “I said pitch. Pitch the ball.” (No, he didn’t.)

Jason is also incredibly sweet. He likes to squeeze my nose to show me affection. He makes sure I don’t go more than three weeks without visiting him and when I see him he always tells me I’m beautiful.

I love him. Probably a little more than I love my other brothers and I’m protective of him. Because he is different, because so many people just don’t understand him, I go out of my way to make sure no one takes advantage of him.  It’s not a position a lot of little sisters find themselves in, but I don’t mind because I know if he could, he would do the same thing for me.

So, I may not have had the big brother experience that most people have had but, having a brother who is different has shaped who I am. He’s made me more patient, more understanding and more open than I would have been if I didn’t know him.

Plus he helped me write Walter . And Walter is a pretty cool dude.

So what about you? Do you have a special relationship with one of your siblings?

3 thoughts on “He Ain’t Heavy…”

  1. Sugar, thank you for sharing this. My 15-year-old has Asperger’s, and she definitely has some social and behavioral deficits. She’s also an honor roll student at a competitive high school, has a number of friends, and in some ways navigates life more easily than her older, neurotypical sibling. It’s good to see people like her represented in fiction, and to see people talking about those in their own lives who are on the spectrum.

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Environmental Investigation Agency Trust

Environmental Investigation Agency Trust

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Environmental Investigation Agency Trust

The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) is an independent campaigning organisation committed to bringing about change that protects the natural world from environmental crime and abuse.

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The Essence of Enlightenment

Vedanta, The Science of Consciousness

In stock

This new book by James Swartz follows his very popular How to Attain Enlightenment, which has introduced many readers to the ancient science of consciousness known as Vedanta. In The Essence of Enlightenment, Swartz more thoroughly develops teachings he presented in his earlier book. He discusses values and the enlightened person, examines dharma and the essence of enlightenment in considerable detail, and thoroughly explains the relationship between consciousness, the individual and the total.

Swartz begins by asking us what we want from our life, takes a good look at how we generally try to achieve happiness, and investigates its true source. He analyzes many of the popular spiritual paths, with an eye towards their efficacy and limitations. Then he goes about a detailed explanation of all the ways the time-tested principles of Vedanta can assist us in reaching the goal of liberation.

Swartz refutes many of the erroneous concepts Westerners have picked up in their quest to understand enlightenment and offers readers a bracing dose of truth and clarity.

Like its predecessor, this book sufficiently demystifies the topic of enlightenment. Although it is inspirational, it is not just another vague inspirational read. Swartz writes in a simple style that makes the science of self-inquiry accessible to seekers and finders everywhere.

Page Count

250 pages

6 x 9 in.

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The counterintuitive, radical message of Vedanta, the ancient science of self-inquiry, is that reality is non-dual consciousness. What this means and how it benefits people in their quest for freedom from limitation is the subject of The Essence of Enlightenment: Vedanta, the Science of Consciousness. In an accessible style, James Swartz’s The Essence of Enlightenment develops teachings introduced in his popular first book, How to Attain Enlightenment, covering topics such as values and the enlightened person, dharma and the essence of enlightenment, and the relationship between consciousness, the individual, and the total. Demystifying enlightenment, The Essence of Enlightenment makes Vedanta understandable to all.

Exceptionally “reader friendly” in organization and presentation, The Essence of Enlightenment is a thoroughly informed and informative study that will prove to be an enduringly popular addition to community and academic library Metaphysical Studies reference collections, as well as the personal studies of non-specialist general readers with an interest in the Vedanta science of consciousness.

—Midwest Book Review

about the author

James Swartz

James Swartz grew up in Montana and graduated from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. He briefly atended University of California at Berkeley before finding his niche in the world of business. He saw great success as a businessman, but in 1967 he experienced a major epiphany that turned him away from that path. Instead, he traveled to India on a spiritual journey, searching for the path to enlightenment. It was here that he learned of the famous Indian sage Swami Chinmayananda, whose knowledge and teachings proved to be the means to set James free.

Now a disciple of the sage, James travels extensively to cities in America, Europe, and India to hold seminars on Vedanta, the science of self-inquiry. He has previously self-published two non-fiction books: Meditation: An Inquiry into the Self (1998) and The Mystery Beyond the Trinity (1998).

James Swartz's website is


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Arsenous acid

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Arsenous acid, also known as arsenious acid, is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is As(OH)3. It has arsenic and hydroxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties[change | change source]

Arsenous acid is a colorless solution. It is a weak acid. It reacts with bases to make arsenite salts. It is highly toxic. It cannot be made in a crystalline form because it turns into arsenic trioxide and water again. It is similar to phosphorous acid, although it is not a strong reducing agent.

Preparation[change | change source]

It is made by dissolving arsenic trioxide or arsenic trichloride in water.

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As first written by Rev. Wm. Hayden, 1877, copied by Mina Pomeroy in 1915
Edited by Thomas G. Keys, Hayden Family

The American Branch of this distant Watford Line are the Haydens of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri but not the Haydens of Connecticut or Massachusetts. Do not confuse these sets of John, William, Richard, etc. with any of those with the same names of the Norfolk Line or the Devon Line. The Heydons/Haydons all used these same names repetitively. T.G.K.

            "The exact connection of this branch with the Norfolk line is nowhere distinctly stated in the authorities consulted; but from a careful comparison of names and dates, with attendant circumstances, appears to be as follows:

     “Sir Richard Heydon, second son of Simeon Heydon, (see Norfolk Line report), the 4th heir of the Norfolk Line, lost his life, pretty well advanced in age in 1370, during the wars, which King Edward III and the Black Prince waged in those days against France.  At that time the Manor of Cassiobury, at Watford, was a Royal Domain (It belonged to the King).  The Black Prince died in 1376, and King Edward died the next year, June 1377.  We find no record of the Heydons at Watford until later in the year of 1400 when a John Heydon, the first of the Watford Branch, died there, possessed of that portion of the old Manor of Cassiobury which is known as "The Grove" and which is now, 1877, the seat of the present Earl Clarendon.  According to a later report, the Heydon family held this manor directly of the King “by fealty, suit of court, and an annual rent of thirty-seven shillings and two pence.” John Thomas Mott, son of G. Thurston, had inherited and was in possession when we were there.  It would seem, therefore, that this John Heydon was the son of Sir Richard, who was the son of Simeon #4 of the Norfolk Line. (See that report). John probably had this manor conferred upon him by the king directly at a nominal rent, in consideration of his father’s services in the wars.  It is spoken of both by Clutterbuck and Chauncey as the “ancient seat of the family of Heydons.”  We have then as follows next:

1.        " John Heydon  (born-?) Possessed in 1400, as the head of this line, that portion of the old manor of Cassiobury known as The Grove. .  It had at one time been "Royal Domain" and was probably given to John in behalf of his father's war services. His wife's name was Joan (last name?) Some accounts say he lived until March 1, 1408. He added the South Chapel to Watford Church (St. Mary’s). The inscription in the church here, now covered by the organ, is, according to Weaver, as follows: Here lyeth John Heydon of the Grove Esquyre, who died 1400.  He was succeeded by his son: Who?--We next have 1 or 2 missing generations for about 100 years. I've read that it took 80 full time servants to run this place at a huge expense. Small wonder that both the King and John Heydon eventually disposed of it.
But, what a magnificant dwelling!
Cassiobury Entrance gate torn down in 1927
Cassiobury mostly torn down in 1927.

2.         William Heydon, (Sr,) of the Grove. Esq., who with his mother Joan, rebuilt or restored, in honor of his father, the small chapel (next picture) dedicated to St. Katherine, on the south side of the chancel in Watford Church, Hertfordshire, and placed there a tablet with an inscription.  His arms are carved in stone under the capital of one of the pillars, which separate this chapel from the chancel.  “Here lyeth William Hayden of New Streets Esquire and Ioane (Joan) his mother who buylded the South Isle of this church and dyed Anno.1505” There is also a separate tomb: “Here lyeth William Heydon 1500.

Photo courtesy of Patricia Bishop Obrist 1996 in St. Mary's Church, Watford.
At Pat's request, I have removed the picture she owns of the Heydon tomb and she will be placing it in her new book soon to be published.
These books on family history available now:
Remember: The Drury Family, Volume I

Remember: The Drury Family from England to Maryland and the Frontier, Volume II
uthors: Patricia Bishop Obrist, Robert William Dora and Donald William Drury

Patricia Bishop Obrist

3.         William Heydon, II of the Grove, Esq., who died in April, 1515 and, according to Solomon’s History of Hertfordshire County, London, 1728, was buried in Westminster Abbey.  He married Elizabeth Aubrey, the daughter of Robert and Christian Aubrey, of Buckingham, by whom he had the son who succeeded him, viz.,
4.         William Heydon III of the Grove who married Alice, daughter of Alexander Newton, of Sowell, Somersetshire.  William’s will is dated May 8, 37th year of King Henry VIII, 1546.  William died the next year, 1547.  He appears to have left several sons, for the one who succeeded him is called “his eldest son and heir.”

 5.         Henry Heydon of the Grove, born 1508/09, died 1588, who was 38 years old at his fathers death, and married Anne, daughter and heir of Edward Twybee or Twynhoe of Shipton, county of Gloucestershire.  His son and heir was:

6.         Francis Heydon,  (born date ?) buried on July 25, 1606 ) of the Grove, Esq., who married Frances,(female spelling) daughter of Arthur Longueville, Esq. She was born in Woolverton, Buckinghamshire.  She was buried Oct. 14, 1598 at Watford. Her parents were Arthur Longueville and Anne Middleton.    In the 25th Elizabeth, 1583, Francis Haydon was constituted High Sheriff of this county. (Hertfordshire) Arms—quarterly, argent and azure, a cross-engrailed counterchanged; crest-a talbot passant spotted sable.  By an indenture dated Sept. 30, 1602, (44 Elizabeth), this Francis conveyed (sold) the Manor/the Grove, to Sir Clement Scudamore, who again, in 1631, sold it to the Ashtons.  The Heydons possessing other property in Watford remained there after the sale.  His 5 sons were Edward, (Sr). Bap. Dec 3, 1561; Jeronomy, Charles, Henry, and Francis. He also had 4 daughters (no names listed) All 9 children's baptismal dates are listed in Clutterbuck.  The family owned and built “Watford Place, New Street,” and, according to the accounts, the eldest son succeeded to that property, who was next Edward Heydon.

7.         Edward Heydon, (Sr.?) born ca. 12/3/1561 as was baptized Dec.3, 1561, at Watford; married Nov. 17, 1597 at Watford to Frances Burr.That means he was 36 when he was married.  He died on -? of New Street, Esq. His arms are given as “quarterly, or and azure, a cross engrailed, quarterly counterchanged; crest on a wreath, a talbot passant, argent spotted sable.” He was succeeded by (#8 below), Michael his eldest son and heir of Watford.  A younger son of his was named Edward Hayden (Jr.) born 1602 who later married Ellenor Whitehead at Watford, Hertfordshire and their son was Francis Hayden baptized Aug. 14, 1628, who went to Maryland, USA. (Since you don't inherit anything and the revolution is on in  England, it's best to go to America.)

     Francis Hayden baptized Aug. 14, 1628, immigrated to St. Mary's County, Maryland, died in 1697 in Maryland at about age 69. He married Thomasin Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, (she died 1702.).    Listed as the first Hayden in Maryland. This Maryland branch also now spells their name HAYDEN. A son,William immigrated to Westmoreland County, Virginia.

William Hayden born 1674/5, died 1733 married wife #1 whose last name is Thomas or Thompson and she is the mother of his four elder children who are: Grace Herbert, Tomasine Cissell, Charles, and William. The eight children by his second wife Elizabeth are: Francis, Susan, James, George*, John, Clement, Richard, and Elizabeth Hayden. Elizabeth survived her husband by some years. One of those named in her Will is her daughter, referred to there as Susannah Drury.  Susannah had married John Drury in 1734.
*George Hayden Born ca 1719, Died 1754, St. Mary's County Maryland, 1st wife -?-  2nd wife Charity no dates. Their son: was Basil born 17-
13. BASIL6 HAYDEN, SR (GEORGE5, WILLIAM4, FRANCIS3, EDWARD2 HEYDON, EDWARD1) was born in St Mary's County, Maryland, and died July 1804. He married HENRIETTA COLE January 02, 1743, daughter of ROBERT COLE and ANNE GREENWELL. She died 1837.
1785- BASIL HAYDEN WAS THE LEADER OF THE ORIGINAL 25 FAMILIES FROM MARYLAND. Basil sold the land to Holy Cross church's trustees for 5 lbs. His farm was in Pottinger Creek Settlement, next to Church. His widow lived in Holy Cross Parish until 1837. Church location was at present location of Ky 49 & Nelson County Line (Rohan's Knobb). Four of their children died on the trip from Maryland to Kentucky. In 1799, the family owned 525 acres and 24 slaves. The first Catholic Church in Kentucky was built on his land.
special note: The picture on Old Granddad Whiskey bottles is Basil.
                                                END OF MARYLAND REPORT

To continue your search for more relatives in Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri :

Tom Stevenson has a beautiful web site at:

also visit:

Now, back to the main English genealogy report continuing forward from # 7 Edward Heydon. (Sr.)

 #8.(Continued from # 7 above) Michael Heydon, (no dates). Who, Dec.18, 1614 granted a lease of “Watford Place, situated in New Street, with its appurtenances, for the term of an hundred years, at the yearly rental of 8 pounds,” to Lady Morrison, who “placed therein Thomas Valentine, A.M. Preacher of God’s Word, and four poor women, in several rooms, parcel of said messuage, * to continue therein during their lives and good behavior; and intended that after their departure thence other like learned preachers and poor widows should be successively placed in their stead during the term of the lease.”  (*Messuage-A dwelling house with its adjacent buildings and land assigned to the use of those who live in it.)

On inquiry in Watford in May 1877, I find the old building there, and the charity to the “four poor women” continued.  There was at Watford a Daniel Heydon as late as 1765; but I find none later than that. "

     Watford church. -Says Clutterbuck, This church, which is dedicated to St Mary.  Stands at the upper end of the town, on the west side of the main street.  It is constructed of flints and stones loosely cemented together and covered with a coat of plaster; and consists of a square tower surmounted by a short spire, a nave, and two side aisles, and a chancel, with its adjacent chapels, covered with lead.  The east end of the nave is terminated by a handsome gallery built with oak and supported by pillars of the same material, which was erected in the year 1766.  On the south side of the church is a small aisle or chapel dedicated to St. Katherine.”

This is the chapel spoken of as having been rebuilt by William Heydon, and which contains the tablets of the Heydons for many generations.  The inscriptions are now mostly effaced; and the new organ placed there within a year or two occupies this chapel, and so nearly fills it- a margin of only 3 or 4 inches remaining around it-that it is impossible now to examine the Heydon monuments.  The monuments of the Earls of Essex occupy the chapel on the opposite side.

    Our visit to Watford was in May, 1877, when by an introduction obtained through our good friend Dr. Charles R. Coffin of London, we were kindly allowed by Lord and Lady Clarendon to view every portion of their fine estate and mansion, “The Grove”; and at the vicarage were kindly received and shown through it by the Rev. R. L. James, the present incumbent, who also placed the records of the parish before us, and added from his own knowledge a number of interesting facts to our information."

Joane Haydon Funeral Notice
Joane (Tegge) Haydon, married in 1570 to John Haydon of Witcombe, parish of Hinton Blewet, Somerset County, to be buried April 4, 1638 in Chewton Churchyard. They had 4 living sons listed below and 1 daughter listed below.  The will was proven Jan 5, 1637.
"Colonel Bulwer’s book on the Heydon Pedigree contains the record of a will of Joanne Haydon of Witcombe, in the parish of Hinton Blewitt, county of Somerset, widow, dated Jan 5, 1637.”
Children of Roger Tegge, Sr. (Joane's brothers and sisters)  receive portions of Joanne Tegge Haydon estate as follows:

Mary Tegge

Frances (girl) Tegge,

Elizabeth Tegge,

Hanna Tegge

Thomas Tegge,

William Tegge

Roger Tegge, Jr.

Amy or Anaye Hayden Tegge, who is the daughter of Joanne (Haydon) Tegge, (Jr).

Amy/Anaye is also listed as sole executor of estate.

The 4 sons of John Haydon and Joanne listed below receive portions:

William Haydon baptized Jan. 14, 1571

 John Haydon  , baptized - 11, 1576  He married Christian Webb in 1605.

Richard Haydon, baptized Sept 15, 1572/3

James Haydon, baptized July 25, 1574

Matthew Haydon (deceased)

Mary Clarke and Elizabeth Haydon, daughters of deceased Matthew to receive portions.  Johanne Heydon, daughter of Thomas Haydon, a near relative, to receive portion      France Poole, wife of Joseph Poole/portion

Tobias Tegge and Edward Volesa, overseers.

Witness, John Gervos and William Earle.  (Proved P.U.C.  31 May, 1638

            Please note that the William, John, and James above are NOT the 3 emigrants to America as by 1630 they all would have been between 55 and 60 years old and all 3 were actually  "young men of the Devon Line".

 The Haydon family left Witcombe in the seventeenth century; and beyond a field still known by the name of Heydon’s/Haydon's Mead, is a small brook or a gully, of which tradition says one of the Heydon/Haydon family who was a Royalist officer lay hidden for some weeks in 1645, and still called Heydon’s gully.  Nothing seems to remain of them in the parish. The Parliamentarians were in control and killing off the Royalists.

 The Grove was sold Sept 30, 1602 to Sir Clement Scudamore who sold it in 1631 to the Ashton Family,  By 1877, the Grove belonged to the Earl of Clarendon.

Ancient trivia not able to relocate and insert:

In 1572, a Thomas Haydon married Johan/Joan Edgill, and they had a daughter Frances, baptized in 1573, and a son, William, baptized 1575.

In 1612, a John Haiden/Haydon, son of Richard and Agnes Haiden, was baptized.  In 1613, William and Sara Haydon had a son called John.

In 1630, there is a burial of “John Haydon the elder.”

HEYDONS-TOP LEFT PANEL WITH THEIR QUARTERINGS. I have read that for some period of time, that the Watford Heydons used the same red and gold engrailed cross as their Norfolk relations. The top left quartering in  this old Watford shield is the same as the Norfolk Heydons.

    In the very late 1900’s, British Rail had bought and taken over Watford/The Grove as a training center for students. It has again been sold and today, in 2006, has just become a fantastic 5 star hotel with over 220 suites and 18-hole golf course.
http://www.thegrove.co.uk/default.aspx. It still retains the name of The Grove at Watford. Next are pictures of its appearance first when operated by British Rail.
Up in the fog and the taxi is waiting for our photographer.
 These very last 2 photos are as it appears as a 5 star hotel today with golf course.

From Watford to Maryland

Maryland was founded as the third English colony in the New World, and it was distinctive for the policy of its founder, Lord Baltimore, religious freedom for all.

This freedom of religion was denied Englishmen during the lifetime of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, whose dream it was to found such a colony.  Born about 1580 in Yorkshire, Northern England, he was the son of Leonard and Alicia Crossland Calvert, a family of wealth and social position in that area, and probably a Catholic family.

In spite of his religion, or perhaps because the family had previously abandoned Catholicism in the face of rampant Protestant persecution, he rose to a position of political influence in the court of King James I. He was knighted in 1617 and in 1619 became principal Secretary of State.

In 1624, George Calvert resigned his position and announced that he had become a Roman Catholic. King James rewarded Calvert for past service by making him Baron of Baltimore.  Long interested in the colonization of America, the new Lord Baltimore now turned his talent, energy and considerable fortune to the establishment of a new colony in America.

His first venture was Avalon, a settlement at Ferryland, and a harbor community located on the southeastern coast of Newfoundland. He equipped a group of colonists and sent them to the settlement about 1622, and he received a royal charter to the province of Avalon on April 7, 1623.

Because of the severe winter climate, the colony did not prosper and, in spite of Calvert investing a large portion of his fortune in the venture, it failed. He visited the colony in 1628 and abandoned it the next year in favor of Virginia. The Avalon colonists were not welcomed in Virginia, however, where the colony's laws provided for strict Protestant conformity.

Calvert refused to take the required oath of supremacy at Jamestown and planned to return to England. Before he went, however, he explored the Chesapeake Bay and saw unsettled land where the climate was conducive to farming. Upon his return to England, he petitioned King Charles I for a grant of land north of the Virginia colony.

George Calvert never returned to America. Physically and financially weakened by the Avalon experience, and saddened by the loss at sea of his second wife and children--they had remained behind in Virginia after he left and were returning to England on another ship--the first Lord Baltimore died on April 15, 1632.

Cecelius Calvert inherited his father's title--and his dream. Two months after his father died, he received the charter from King Charles, granting the second Lord Baltimore almost regal powers and ownership of all the land of the colony, which he had named Maryland, in honor of the “Mother of God.” This land was used to attract settlers to the new colony.

Those who would pay their own way to Maryland were granted 100 acres of land, and if they transported servants--men and women who agreed to indentured service for seven years to pay for their passage--they could obtain 100 more acres. Later, that amount was reduced to 50 acres of land, and the servants, after their term of servitude was over, would also be granted 50 acres of land.

After months of preparation and delays, the first colonists sailed from Cowes, Isle of Wight, England on Nov. 22, 1633, on two ships, the Ark and the Dove. After a frightful, stormy voyage of more than three months, they finally landed on St. Clement's Island about March 10, 1634.

Cecelius Calvert named his brother, Leonard, as governor of the colony, and he stayed in England to administer the colony's affairs there. Gov. Leonard Calvert was an able administrator, serving the colony for 13 devoted years, until his death in 1647. He was especially adept in dealing with the Indians who inhabited the area, the Piscataway and Yaocomico tribes of the Algonquin Indians. It was the Yaocomico village on the banks of the St. Mary's River which the governor purchased in 1634 and renamed St. Mary's City. The colony prospered, in spite of political and religious controversy. In England, there was continued political upheaval and religious intolerance, and that condition was reflected in Maryland. There were repeated efforts to wrest the government from Lord Baltimore. In 1649, the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act of Religious Toleration, which was remarkable because it was passed at a time when there was rampant religious intoleration, both in England and in the other American colonies.

After several abortive attempts at overthrowing the Proprietary government in Maryland, the Protestant revolution of 1689 was successful. It was fomented largely by the non-Catholic colonists of Maryland--about two-thirds of the population of Maryland at that time--who had benefited by the religious toleration policies of Lord Baltimore.

Almost immediately after the take-over occurred, the subjugation of all Catholics began in Maryland. Justices and other public officials, even sheriffs and clerks, were replaced if they were Catholics. Arms and ammunition of most Catholics were confiscated. The very presence of any Catholic in St. Mary's City during the session of the Protestant Associators--the group that was to constitute the ruling body of Maryland for the next two years--was forbidden.

In 1692, an Act was passed which established the Anglican Church as the official church of the colony, and all residents were taxed to support the church. Catholics were excluded from public office, from voting, or even jury duty.

In 1704, the "Act to prevent the Growth of Popery within this Province" not only forbade all works of conversion but also closed all Catholic churches and schools in the province. Most of them still clung to their Faith, however, and practiced their religion privately, in their own homes. Many baptisms and marriages were recorded in the Anglican churches, usually with annotations that they were known Catholics

These restrictions on public worship and other persecution of Catholics continued through the colonial period, which extended to the American Revolution and the Bill of Rights.

Marylanders, both Catholic and Protestant, fought valiantly in the Revolution, and the newly-independent United States used the vast western domain which the English had won in the French and Indian War and ceded to the new American nation at the end of the Revolution, to reward those who served in the Continental Army and Navy. These western lands were also available to persons other than veterans, and between 1789 and 1799, nearly500,000 acres of undeveloped western land, most of it in what is today the States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, was offered as a means to promote settlement of the country's frontier.

Many of these western migrants were Maryland Catholics. Burdened by a century of anti-Catholic bias in Maryland, they sought not only new land but, once again, religious freedom. Even before the greatest migration began in 1789,Maryland Catholics were on the move.

In 1785, a group of southern Maryland residents formed a "Catholic League of Families" and agreed to move to Kentucky as soon as they could settle their affairs in Maryland. John Carroll, Archbishop of Baltimore, promised to send a parish priest if the emigrants settled together.

Another reason for the exodus of people from the Chesapeake Bay area to Kentucky was the depredation suffered by the citizens at the hands of the British during the Revolution. The British fleet, almost constantly presenting the Bay, confiscated slaves and stock, sacked homes and literally lived off the supplies plundered from the Maryland residents.

Economic reasons also figured in the exodus to Kentucky. Many farmers were ruined by the Revolution and lost their lands because they could not pay their debts. They saw migration to Kentucky as a way out of their economic woes.

St. Mary's County, alone, lost nearly 3,000 persons to the westward migration between 1790 and 1810. Most of these people went to that area of north-central Kentucky that now comprises Washington, Nelson, Marion and Hardin counties.

Because most of these people were Catholics, this area of Kentucky is known even today, as the Kentucky Holy Lands.


text:
Thinking Critically for Deciding What to Believe or to Do:
      Explore, Evaluate, Expand and Express (E4)

qepCafe News 2012

July 15 @ 5:55 pm
Limited public release, trialing of website

June 15-July 14
Community release, initial testing of website

May 15-June 14
Develop site concept and training materials

Welcome to the qepCafe, a website offering free, self-paced, training devoted to improving critical thinking.  The intended audience for the training course includes educators and learners, as well as professionals and leaders. The content is designed for anyone who needs to understand issues at a deep level, to solve problems effectively, and to create a supportive environment where this kind of learning can occur.

What is Critical Thinking?

DigitalSplashMedia's YouTube Video

                   Training start button - take pre-training survey

(Moving display of qepCafe's homepage videos)

Critical & Creative Thinking may be regarded as "dynamic and deliberate processes where learners are active participants in intellectual activities in which they explore, evaluate, expand and express in relation to problems, scenarios, and arguments in order to reach sound and innovative solutions, decisions, and positions.

While Thinking Critically we:
Critical thinking is an integral part of the QEP (Quality Enhancement Plan/Program) being implemented at various educational institutions worldwide, including at Eastern Kentucky University (EKU). Refer to EKU's QEP webpage for more information about our quality enhancement initiatives.

Participants of the training will have the option of receiving either 12 hours of Continuing Education Units (CEUs) through either a:
To start the training,  please press the button below, which will take you to a pre-training survey that covers various aspects of critical thinking. After completing the survey you may proceed to any of the five training modules (overview, explore, evaluate, expand, and express). The training course concludes with a post-training survey and an optional form for receiving your critical thinking training certificate.


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Every September, there comes a day when I’m surprised to realize that the application deadline for January MALD admission is less than a month away. How can that be? We only just started the semester! Despite my schedule disorientation, we’ll be ready for those applications!

The question I’m asked most often about January admission is how it compares to September admission. And the answer is…they’re pretty much the same. Admittedly, we receive far fewer applications for January admission than September (by an order of magnitude), but we admit only a small group of students. So the “odds” are about the same, and the bottom line is that we still seek students who are academically talented and professionally experienced. After all, we want them to slip seamlessly into the student community — by February they should be indistinguishable from students who entered in any semester before them.

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George Allen’s defeat, a post-mortem

Having come down from the elation of watching George Allen concede Virginia’s Senate race to Jim Webb, I am struck by the realization of how close the Commonwealth came to re-electing him and placing its imprimatur on an unapologetic racist and homophobe. The stark reality of Allen’s strong vote totals make Doug Wilder’s election as the first Black elected Governor seem like divine intervention.

Were the revelations surrounding his gratuitous use of racial slurs not clear for the 1.1 million people that voted for him?  I am trying to wrap my mind around the ideology that allows a person to vote for an unapologetic racist and homophobe in good conscience.  Do they feel protected in the anonymity of the voting booth in exercising their racial animus?  Do they give in to these urges to support racism on a regular, daily basis?

Are they rationalizing these allegations away or do they just not care?  More disturbingly, are they comforted and confirmed in their own prejudice by voting for him? These nagging questions floating around my head have a way of sapping my strength and stealing the joy of his defeat away from me.

Given the questions swirling around in my spirit about him, I cannot fathom why any sentient, sane African American would endorse him for any reason and provide him political cover, especially after several white professionals and collegues came forward to confirm his prejudice by recounting his unchecked use of the most virulent, anti-black, racial epithet in the lexicon.

What kind of twilight zone are they living in.  It’s as if these Negroes have ignored the entire sorrid racial history of this nation and believe that it doesn’t matter.  It has always mattered and always will. It mattered to Michael Satcher and Ronald Bennett, two African American men George Allen allowed to be executed by the Commonwealth after exculpatory evidence of innocence was brought to his attention and ignored for reasons of political expediency and probable racial animus.

Finally, despite everything, how can anyone profess to like a racist? Chris Matthews said that crap today before Allen’s concession speecch.  Can somebody help me understand that?  Was this “like” a factor in people’s vote to support a racist? Do they think, “Yeah, I know he is a Klansman, but he is really personable, I think I’ll vote for him.”  Somebody please explain that thought process to me so I can sleep at night.

Shout Out to Courtland Milloy

Mr. Milloy,

I could not understand why I had an unexpected spike in visits last week, or why one of the most influential  and trusted black political consultants in DC would contact me an encourage me to continue writing.  I finally figured it out after reading your Wednesday column in last week’s Post. From the bottom of my skeptical heart, I thank you.

It is a tremendous honor to be mentioned and quoted in the Washington Post, the house organ of the Washington power structure.  I am totally flabbergasted.  I come from the Jill Nelson School of sarcasm, have worked for a newspaper, and consider myself just a small voice in the wilderness.  Thanks again for validating my work and boosting my self-esteem.

Senator “Bojangles” Lambert, as a friend calls him, is truly deranged and confused if he thinks his so-called friendship with George Allen is anything more than a get-out-of-jail-free-card for the ignorant confederate.  George Allen is a racist, a homophobe, and a damn liar undeserving of the support of anyone in the black community, much less people of the stature of his confederate bandwagon of confused colored folks.  Allen has insulted the intelligence of the entire black community with this parade of black minstrels trying to best each other in a buck-dancing contest.

Where were Mayor Holley, Bishop Glenn, Senator Lambert, and Dr. Harvey when Spike Lee was looking for actors in Bamboozled? I am sho Spike coulda used some authentic coons and Stepin’ Fetchit’s.  Seen through the prism of four centuries of oppression, these happy darkies invalidate our collective suffering, segregation, and enslavement.  Their actions are sensless and analogous to slaves endorsing Jefferson Davis over Abraham Lincoln.

Where is the Drop Squad when you need them?

Black Disciples of the Gospel of Macaca

Senator LambertWilliam R. Harvey“…for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves.”-Isaiah 28:15

George Allen’s confederate bandwagon of confused colored folks has grown by another this week.  His name: State Senator Benjamin “Bennie” Lambert-(D) of Richmond.  (pictured on the right.)

Lambert’s stated reason for endorsing the Republican Senator is some purported heavy lifting by Allen for the state’s black colleges and universities back in Washington.  Lambert wrote his confederate representative and said, “We have worked together for the past 20 years: when we served in the House of Delegates together, during your tenure as Governor, as a Congressman and now as Virginia’s junior Senator. Because we have worked well together over the years on many issues, and especially because you have delivered on your promises to support Virginia’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities, I am pleased to support you in your re-election to the U.S. Senate.”

Lambert omitted the fact that Senator Allen supported a cut of $12 billion in student aid programs in November of 2005.

The House Committee on Education and the Workforce democrats website states:

• This Republican Raid on Student Aid represents the largest single cut to the federal student aid programs ever.

• The Raid on Student Aid picks the pockets of students and families in order to pay for new tax breaks for the wealthiest Americans.

The Raid on Student Aid puts college even further out of reach for millions of Americans just at a time when they are already struggling with rising college costs.

Take it from me, the vast majority of students at HBCU’s attend those institutions on some form of federal financial aid.   In fact, we disproportionately rely on federal aid. More than 85% of black students would not be in school without it. These cuts will make it harder for their parents and for them to borrow money for the costs of college and will exponentially increase their debt load upon graduation.

Dr. William R. Harvey, President of Hampton University (pictured on the left) has been confused for the better part of the last twenty years. In that time frame, he has spread his money around to some of the most undeserving of Republican politicians, giving at least $25,000 to GOP candidates according to state and federal databases.

The illustrious right wingers who’ve benefited from Harvey’s generosity are: George Allen $2100, George W. Bush $4000, Fmr VA Atty Gen Mark Earley  $2000,  Fmr VA Congressman Herb Bateman $2500,  Sen. John Warner $1500, Fmr VA Senator Paul Trible $1000,  Fmr NY Congressman Rick Lazio $1000, NC Senator Elizabeth Dole $1000,  VA Congresswoman Jo Ann Davis $1000, and the Republican National Committee $1000.

Dr. Harvey allowed Senator Allen to use Hampton University as a convenient negro backdrop to attack his democratic opponent’s record on Affirmative Action during Macacagate.

Dr. Harvey and Senator Lambert have conveniently forgotten this embarrassing episode and the lingering questions about Senator Allen’s undercover racial attitudes.  The bastard didn’t come clean about the Macaca incident nor has he been upfront about his cavorting with the Brooks Brothers suited racists in the Council of Conservative Citizens.

Moreover, the balance of his record on Bush’s federal judicial appointments is one of the most extreme and is quite inimical to the interests of the African American community.  Both Bush appointees John Roberts and Samuel Alito will be in the majority on the supreme court striking down aspects of Affirmative Action.

For these manifestly fraudulent endorsements, these contemptable black sycophants have earned themselves Skeptical Brotha’s  “2006 House Negroes of the Year Award.”


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Submission + - Are teachers headed for obsolescence: OLPC children teach themselves (

dstates writes: One Laptop Per Child reports encouraging results of a bold experiment to reach the millions of students worldwide who have no access to primary school. OLPC delivered tablets to two Ethiopian villages in unmarked boxes without instructions or instructors. Within minutes the kids were opening the boxes and figuring out how to use the Motorola Zoom tablets, within days they were playing alphabet songs and withing a few months how to hack the user interface to enable blocked camera functionality. With the Kahn Academy and others at the high school level and massive open online courses at the college level, the teaching profession is under assault as never before.
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Are teachers headed for obsolescence: OLPC children teach themselves

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Recursion is the root of computation since it trades description for time.