text:
Alternative Title: Pan troglodytes

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), species of ape that, along with the bonobo, is most closely related to humans. Chimpanzees inhabit tropical forests and savannas of equatorial Africa from The Gambia in the west to Lake Albert, Lake Victoria, and northwestern Tanzania in the east. Individuals vary considerably in size and appearance, but chimpanzees stand approximately 1–1.7 metres (3–5.5 feet) tall when erect and weigh about 32–60 kg (70–130 pounds). Males tend to be larger and more robust than females. Chimpanzees are covered by a coat of brown or black hair, but their faces are bare except for a short white beard. Skin colour is generally white except for the face, hands, and feet, which are black. The faces of younger animals may be pinkish or whitish. Among older males and females, the forehead often becomes bald and the back becomes gray.

  • West African, or masked, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).
    West African, or masked, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).
    Helmut Albrecht/Bruce Coleman Ltd.

Natural history

Chimpanzees awaken at dawn, and their day is spent both in the trees and on the ground. After a lengthy midday rest, late afternoon is usually the most intensive feeding period. In the trees, where most feeding takes place, chimps use their hands and feet to move about. They also leap and swing by their arms (brachiate) skillfully from branch to branch. Movement over any significant distance usually takes place on the ground. Though able to walk upright, chimpanzees more often move about on all fours, leaning forward on the knuckles of their hands (knuckle walking). At night they usually sleep in the trees in nests they build of branches and leaves. Chimpanzees are unable to swim, but they will wade in water. The chimpanzee diet is primarily vegetarian and consists of more than 300 different items, mostly fruits, berries, leaves, blossoms, and seeds but also bird eggs and chicks, many insects, and occasionally carrion. Chimpanzees also hunt, both alone and in groups, stalking and killing various mammals such as monkeys, duikers, bushbucks, and wild pigs. They also appear to use certain plants medicinally to cure diseases and expel intestinal parasites.

The female chimpanzee bears a single young at any time of year after a gestation period of about eight months. The newborn weighs about 1.8 kg, is almost helpless, and clings to the fur of the mother’s belly as she moves. From about 6 months to 2 years, the youngster rides on the mother’s back. Weaning takes place at about 5 years. Males are considered adults at 16 years of age, and females usually begin to reproduce at about 13 years, but often only two offspring survive during her lifetime. The longevity of chimps is about 45 years in the wild and 58 in captivity; however, older individuals have been documented. For example, Cheetah the chimpanzee, an animal actor from the Tarzan movies of the 1930s and ’40s, was reported to have lived approximately 80 years.

Read More on This Topic
primate (mammal): Growth and longevity

Chimpanzees are an endangered species; their population in the wild has been reduced by hunting (primarily for meat), destruction of habitat from logging or farming, and commercial exportation for use in zoos and research laboratories. Lions and leopards also prey upon chimpanzees.

Social behaviour

Chimpanzees are lively animals with more extraverted dispositions than either gorillas or orangutans. They are highly social and live in loose and flexible groups known as communities, or unit groups, that are based on associations between adult males within a home range, or territory. Home ranges of forest-dwelling communities can be as small as a few square kilometres, but home ranges covering hundreds of square kilometres are known among savanna communities. A community can number from 20 or fewer to well over 100 members. Each consists of several subgroups of varying size and unstable composition. Social dominance exists, with adult males being dominant over adult females and adolescent males. Within a community, there are twice or three times as many adult females as adult males; the number of adults is about equal to the number of immature individuals. Communities usually divide into subgroups called parties, which vary widely in size. The dominance hierarchy among male chimpanzees is very fluid; individuals associate with each other and join and leave different subgroups with complete freedom. The dominant (alpha) male of a group can monopolize ovulating females through possessive behaviour. On the other hand, gang attack by subordinate males can expel an alpha male. Males spend all of their lives in the community they are born in, but occasionally a juvenile male may transfer to another community with his mother. In contrast to males, most females leave their group of birth to join a neighbouring group when they mature at around age 11. Female chimpanzees spend most of their time with their young or with other females. Those with dependent offspring are more likely to range alone or in small parties within narrow “core areas.” Females have been known to form coalitions against a bullying adult male or newly immigrated female.

Relations between different chimp communities tend to be hostile. Intruders on a group’s home range may be attacked, and adult males engage in boundary patrol. On rare occasions, a group may invade a neighbouring territory that is much smaller in size, and fatalities among the smaller group result. Infanticide and cannibalism by adult males, and to a lesser extent by adult females, have been observed. Victimized infants are not only those of neighbouring groups but also those born to newly immigrated females. Between- and within-group competition among individuals of the same sex is the likely cause of such violence. Sometimes a male and female will form a consortship, engaging in exclusive mating relationships by leaving other members of the group and staying in the periphery of the group range. This strategy, however, brings increased risk of attack by neighbouring groups.

Test Your Knowledge
blood. Close-up of a technician drawing human blood with syringe from blood bag at a blood bank. Blood donation, Healthcare and medicine, needle
Blood: Fact or Fiction?

Chimpanzees exhibit complex social strategies such as cooperation in combat and the cultivation of coalitions and alliances via ranging together, reciprocal grooming, and the sharing of meat (sometimes in exchange for mating opportunities). An alpha male, for instance, may interfere with his rival in grooming with a third party because such a coalition might jeopardize the alpha’s status. On the other hand, the third party might show strategic opportunism in such a situation, since his assistance to either side could determine which of his superiors prevails. Chimpanzees, therefore, appear to have some concept of “trade.” They console, reconcile, and retaliate during fighting and so share emotions and aspects of psychology similar to those found in humans: self-recognition, curiosity, sympathy, grief, and attribution. Although chimps take care of orphaned infants, they also tease handicapped individuals, conceal information that would bring disadvantage to themselves, and manipulate others for their own advantage by expressing deceptive postures, gestures, and facial expressions.

Chimpanzees are highly intelligent and are able to solve many kinds of problems posed to them by human trainers and experimenters. A number of researchers have taught chimpanzees to use sign language or languages based on the display of tokens or pictorial symbols. The implications of these language studies have been contested, however. Critics charge that apes have not acquired true language in the sense of understanding “words” as abstract symbols that can be combined in meaningful new ways. Other investigators maintain that more recent language training has resulted in the chimpanzees’ acquiring a true recognition of “words” as abstractions that can be applied in novel contexts.

Communication between chimps in the wild takes the form of facial expressions, gestures, and a large array of vocalizations, including screams, hoots, grunts, and roars. Males display excitement by standing erect, stamping or swaying, and letting out a chorus of screams. Chimps use louder calls and gestures for long-distance communication (such as drumming on tree buttresses) and quieter calls and facial expressions for short-distance communication. Similarities to human laughter and smiling might be seen in their “play panting” and grinning, respectively.

Various tools are used in several contexts. Chimpanzees “fish” for termites and ants with probes made of grass stalks, vines, branches, peeled bark, and midribs of leaves. They crack hard nuts open by using stones, roots, and wood as hammers or anvils, and they use leafy sponges to drink water. Branches and leaves are detached and displayed during courtship. In threat displays, chimps throw rocks and drag and throw branches. Sticks are used to inspect dead pythons or other unfamiliar objects that might be dangerous. Leaves are used hygenically in wiping the mouth or other soiled body parts. Chimpanzees also use different tools in succession as a “tool set.” For example, chimpanzees of the Congo basin first dig into termite mounds with a stout stick and then fish for individual termites with a long, slender wand. Tools are also used in combination as “tool composites.” Chimpanzees in the Guinea region push leafy sponges into hollows of trees containing water and then withdraw the wet sponges by using sticks. Chimps thus differ locally in their repertoire of tool use, with younger animals acquiring tool-using behaviours from their elders. Such cultural differences are also seen in food items consumed and in gestural communication. Chimpanzees indeed possess culture when it is defined as the transmission of information from generation to generation via social learning shared by most members of a single age or sex class in a given group.

Chimpanzees’ intelligence, responsiveness, and exuberance have made them ideal nonhuman subjects for psychological, medical, and biological experiments. Young chimpanzees can become very attached to their human trainers, and their expressions of feeling resemble those of humans more closely than any other animal.

Genetic analysis suggests that humans and chimps diverged four million to eight million years ago and that at least 98 percent of the human and chimpanzee genomes are identical. Chimpanzees are classified taxonomically as a single species, Pan troglodytes. (The so-called pygmy chimpanzee, or bonobo, is a distinct and separate species, P. paniscus.) Four subspecies of P. troglodytes are recognized: the tschego, or Central African chimpanzee (P. troglodytes troglodytes), also known as the common chimpanzee in continental Europe; the West African, or masked, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes verus), known as the common chimpanzee in Great Britain; the East African, or long-haired, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the Nigerian-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. troglodytes ellioti, which was formerly classified as P. troglodytes vellerosus).

  • The divergence of humans and great apes from a common ancestor.
    The divergence of humans and great apes from a common ancestor.
    Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  • West African, or masked, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).
    West African, or masked, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).
    Helmut Albrecht/Bruce Coleman Ltd.
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Harvard
  • Chicago
You have successfully emailed this.
Error when sending the email. Try again later.
Edit Mode
Table of Contents
Tips For Editing

We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
  2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
  3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
  4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)

Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.

Thank You for Your Contribution!

Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.

Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.

Uh Oh

There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.

Keep Exploring Britannica

animal. Amphibian. Frog. Anura. Ranidae. Frog in grass.
Abundant Animals: The Most Numerous Organisms in the World
Success consists of going from failure to failure without a loss of enthusiasm. So goes the aphorism attributed (probably wrongly) to Winston Churchill. Whatever the provenance of the quote, these organisms...
Read this List
default image when no content is available
five-factor model of personality
in psychology, a model of an individual’s personality that divides it into five traits. Personality traits are understood as patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour that are relatively enduring across...
Read this Article
elephant. A young elephant splashes with water and bathes in Chitwan National park, Nepal. Mammal, baby elephant, elephant calf
Animals: African Safari
Take this African Safari Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge on elephants, zebras and other animals that roam the wild.
Take this Quiz
Canis lupus familiaris domestic mammal of the family Canidae (order Carnivora). It is a subspecies of the gray wolf (C. lupus) and is related to foxes and jackals. The dog is one of the two most ubiquitous...
Read this Article
Fallow deer (Dama dama)
(kingdom Animalia), any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms (i.e., as distinct from bacteria, their deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus). They are thought...
Read this Article
Standardbred gelding with dark bay coat.
Equus caballus a hoofed, herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. Before the advent of mechanized vehicles,...
Read this Article
bird. pigeon. carrier pigeon or messenger pigeon, dove
Fightin’ Fauna: 6 Animals of War
Throughout recorded history, humans have excelled when it comes to finding new and inventive ways to kill each other. War really kicks that knack into overdrive, so it seems natural that humans would turn...
Read this List
horse. herd of horses running, mammal, ponies, pony, feral
From the Horse’s Mouth: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Horse: Fact or Fiction Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of horses and their interesting habits.
Take this Quiz
Women in traditional clothing, Kenya, East Africa.
Exploring Africa: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Egypt, Guinea, and other African countries.
Take this Quiz
Ruminant. Deer. Red deer. Cervus elaphus. Buck. Stag. Antlers.
9 of the World’s Deadliest Mammals
Mammals are the soft, cuddly creatures of the animal kingdom. Often, mammals are the animals people are most familiar with. They are employed as working animals in the fields, as guards and companions...
Read this List
The biggest dinosaurs may have been more than 130 feet (40 meters) long. The smallest dinosaurs were less than 3 feet (0.9 meter) long.
the common name given to a group of reptiles, often very large, that first appeared roughly 245 million years ago (near the beginning of the Middle Triassic Epoch) and thrived worldwide for nearly 180...
Read this Article
The internal (thylakoid) membrane vesicles are organized into stacks, which reside in a matrix known as the stroma. All the chlorophyll in the chloroplast is contained in the membranes of the thylakoid vesicles.
the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon...
Read this Article
Email this page


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Type: response

text:
Macedonian literature

Macedonian literature, literature written in the South Slavic Macedonian language.

The earliest Macedonian literature, in the medieval period, was religious and Orthodox Christian. Under Ottoman Turkish rule (c. 1400 to 1913), Macedonian literature suffered an eclipse, but in the 19th century there appeared original lyric poetry written by Konstantin Miladinov, who, with his brother Dimitrije, compiled a notable collection of legends and folk songs that contributed to the development of a nascent Macedonian literature.

When Turkish rule was supplanted by Serbian rule in 1913, the Serbs officially denied Macedonian distinctiveness, considering the Macedonian language merely a dialect of Serbo-Croatian. The Macedonian language was not officially recognized until the establishment of Macedonia as a constituent republic of communist Yugoslavia in 1946. Despite these drawbacks, some progress was made toward the foundation of a national language and literature, in particular by Kosta P. Misirkov in his Za Makedonskite raboti (1903; “In Favour of Macedonian Literary Works”) and in the literary periodical Vardar (established 1905). These efforts were continued after World War I by Kosta Racin, who wrote mainly poetry in Macedonian and propagated its use through the literary journals of the 1930s. Racin’s poems in Beli mugri (1939; White Dawns), which include many elements of oral folk poetry, were prohibited by the government of pre-World War II Yugoslavia because of their realistic and powerful portrayal of the exploited and impoverished Macedonian people. Some writers, such as Kole Nedelkovski, worked and published abroad because of political pressure.

After World War II, under the new republic of Macedonia, the scholar Blaže Koneski and others were charged with the task of standardizing Macedonian as the official literary language. With this new freedom to write and publish in its own language, Macedonia produced many literary figures in the postwar period. Poetry was represented in the work of Aco Šopov, Slavko Janevski, Blaže Koneski, and Gane Todorovski. Janevski was also a distinguished prose writer and the author of the first Macedonian novel, Selo zad sedumte jaseni (1952; “The Village Beyond the Seven Ash Trees”). His most ambitious work was a cycle of six novels that deals with Macedonian history and includes Tvrdoglavi (1965; “The Stubborn Ones”), a novel articulating the Macedonian people’s myths and legends of remembering and interpreting their history. Prewar playwrights, such as Vasil Iljoski, continued to write, and the theatre was invigorated by new dramatists, such as Kole Čašule, Tome Arsovski, and Goran Stefanovski. Čašule also wrote several novels. A main theme of his work is the defeat of idealists and idealism. His play Crnila (1960; “Black Things”) deals with the early 20th-century murder of a Macedonian national leader by other Macedonians and with the characters of both executioners and victim.

Among the best-known writers of prose is Živko Čingo, whose collections of stories Paskvelija (1962) and Nova Paskvelija (1965; “New Paskvelija”) are about an imaginary land where clashes and interactions between old traditions and revolutionary consciousness are enacted. His novel Golemata voda (1971; “The Great Water”), set in an orphanage, shows the grandness and sadness of childhood. Other notable writers include Vlada Urošević (Sonuvačot i prazninata [1979; “The Dreamer and the Emptiness”]) and Jovan Pavlovski (Sok od prostata [1991; “Prostatic Gland Juice”]).

Learn More in these related articles:

Despite the refusal of Macedonia’s Serbian rulers to recognize Macedonian as a language, progress was made toward the foundation of a national language and literature in the early 20th century, especially by Krste P. Misirkov in his Za Makedonskite raboti (1903; “In Favour of Macedonian Literary Works”) and in the literary periodical Vardar...
Expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various...
The body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles (including Ireland) from the 7th century to the present day. The major literatures...
Macedonian literature
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Harvard
  • Chicago
You have successfully emailed this.
Error when sending the email. Try again later.
Edit Mode
Macedonian literature
Tips For Editing

We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
  2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
  3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
  4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)

Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.

Thank You for Your Contribution!

Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.

Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.

Uh Oh

There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.

Keep Exploring Britannica

Reproduction of the cover of the first edition of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951).
5 Good Books That Inspired Bad Deeds
A novel might frighten you, make you cry, or put you to sleep. But can a novel spur you to kill? Here are five novels that have been tied to terrible crimes.
Read this List
Charles Dickens.
Famous Writers: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Literature Fact or Fiction quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Charles Dickens, Geoffrey Chaucer, and other writers.
Take this Quiz
Mark Twain, c. 1907.
Lives of Famous Writers: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Literature Fact or Fiction quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of A.A. Milne, Edgar Allan Poe, and other writers.
Take this Quiz
Vincent Van Gogh, Self Portrait. Oil on canvas, 1887.
Rediscovered Artists: 6 Big Names That Time Almost Forgot
For every artist who becomes enduringly famous, there are hundreds more who fall into obscurity. It may surprise you to learn that some of your favorite artists almost suffered that fall. Read on to learn...
Read this List
Side view of bullet train at sunset. High speed train. Hompepage blog 2009, geography and travel, science and technology passenger train transportation railroad
Journey Through Europe: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Sweden, Italy, and other European countries.
Take this Quiz
The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall, in the Old City of Jerusalem.
the religion of the Jews. It is the complex phenomenon of a total way of life for the Jewish people, comprising theology, law, and innumerable cultural traditions. The first section of this article treats...
Read this Article
St. Peter’s Basilica on St. Peter’s Square, Vatican City.
Roman Catholicism
Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization. Along with Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism, it is one of the three major branches of Christianity....
Read this Article
Abu Darweesh Mosque in Amman, Jordan.
major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. The Arabic term islām, literally “surrender,” illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam—that the believer...
Read this Article
Window of City Lights bookstore, San Francisco.
International Literary Tour: 10 Places Every Lit Lover Should See
Prefer the intoxicating aroma of old books over getting sunburned on sweltering beaches while on vacation? Want to see where some of the world’s most important publications were given life? If so, then...
Read this List
Ravana, the many-headed demon-king, detail from a painting of the Ramayana, c. 1720; in the Cleveland Museum of Art.
major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual. Although the name Hinduism is relatively new, having been coined...
Read this Article
Reclining Buddha, Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.
religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit: “Awakened One”), a teacher who lived in northern India between the mid-6th and mid-4th centuries bce (before the Common...
Read this Article
Christ as Ruler, with the Apostles and Evangelists (represented by the beasts). The female figures are believed to be either Santa Pudenziana and Santa Práxedes or symbols of the Jewish and Gentile churches. Mosaic in the apse of Santa Pudenziana basilica, Rome, ad 401–417.
major religion, stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century ad. It has become the largest of the world’s religions. Geographically...
Read this Article
Email this page

warcinfo:
robots: classic
hostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal
software: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09
operator: CommonCrawl Admin
description: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017
publisher: CommonCrawl
format: WARC File Format 1.0
conformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf


text:
Alexandre Hardy

French dramatist

Alexandre Hardy, (born 1572?, Paris, France—died 1632?), playwright, the first Frenchman known to have made his living as a dramatist, who claimed authorship of some 600 plays.

Hardy was a hired poet for troupes of actors both in the provinces and in Paris. His works were widely admired in court circles, where he wrote for royal companies. The actors who bought his plays rarely allowed him to publish them, and fewer than 50 survived. Shortly after Hardy’s death his plays ceased to be produced. Nearly all the succeeding dramatists, among them Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine, the two masters of the classical French tragedy, affected contempt for his work, but they profited from his dramatic technique.

Hardy’s work violated many of the later strictures of the French Academy governing the writing of plays, especially in neglecting the unities of time and place. He cut down or eliminated the role of the chorus and depicted violence on stage. His plots were faster paced than those of the tragedies modeled on ancient Greek and Roman works. Action was linked with the psychology of the characters: the protagonists acted rather than declaimed, developed as human beings, and sometimes experienced inner conflict. His pastorals improved on earlier ones through their fast-moving plots and naturalness. Many plays were demanded of him, and his style was unpolished.

Unlike other 17th-century playwrights, Hardy took few stories from the Greek and Latin dramatists or the Bible. He drew instead upon such writers as Ovid, Cervantes, and Boccaccio. Despite his lack of major achievements, his influence on the development of the French theatre was considerable.

Learn More in these related articles:

Battle of Sluys during the Hundred Years’ War, illustration from Jean Froissart’s Chronicles, 14th century.
Unlike the humanist playwrights of previous generations, Alexandre Hardy was first and foremost a man of the theatre. Poète à gages (in-house writer) to the Comédiens du Roi, the company established at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris, he wrote hundreds of plays, of which 34 were published (1623–28). In addition to writing...
History of literatures in the languages of the Indo-European family, along with a small number of other languages whose cultures became closely associated with the West, from ancient...
The body of written works in the French language produced within the geographic and political boundaries of France. The French language was one of the five major Romance languages...
Alexandre Hardy
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Harvard
  • Chicago
You have successfully emailed this.
Error when sending the email. Try again later.
Edit Mode
Alexandre Hardy
French dramatist
Tips For Editing

We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
  2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
  3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
  4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)

Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.

Thank You for Your Contribution!

Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.

Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.

Uh Oh

There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.

Keep Exploring Britannica

William Shakespeare, detail of an oil painting attributed to John Taylor, c. 1610. The portrait is called the “Chandos Shakespeare” because it once belonged to the duke of Chandos.
William Shakespeare
English poet, dramatist, and actor, often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature....
Read this Article
Karl Marx, c. 1870.
Karl Marx
revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist. He published (with Friedrich Engels) Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (1848), commonly known as The Communist Manifesto, the most celebrated pamphlet...
Read this Article
An open book with pages flying on black background. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Literary Library: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Literature Fact or Fiction quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of various aspects of literature.
Take this Quiz
Charles Dickens.
Charles Dickens
English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian era. His many volumes include such works as A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations,...
Read this Article
Joan Baez (left) and Bob Dylan at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963.
Bob Dylan
American folksinger who moved from folk to rock music in the 1960s, infusing the lyrics of rock and roll, theretofore concerned mostly with boy-girl romantic innuendo, with the intellectualism of classic...
Read this Article
Side view of bullet train at sunset. High speed train. Hompepage blog 2009, geography and travel, science and technology passenger train transportation railroad
Journey Through Europe: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Sweden, Italy, and other European countries.
Take this Quiz
book, books, closed books, pages
A Book Review: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Literature quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test yoru knowledge of books and authors.
Take this Quiz
Olivia Hussey (Juliet) and Leonard Whiting (Romeo) in Franco Zeffirelli’s Romeo and Juliet (1968).
All the World’s a Stage: 6 Places in Shakespeare, Then and Now
Like any playwright, William Shakespeare made stuff up. More often than not, though, he used real-life places as the settings for his plays. From England to Egypt, here’s what’s going on in some of those...
Read this List
George Gordon, Lord Byron, c. 1820.
Lord Byron
British Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. Renowned as the “gloomy egoist” of his autobiographical poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–18) in...
Read this Article
The Cheshire Cat is a fictional cat from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. (Alice in Wonderland)
Bad Words: 8 Banned Books Through Time
There are plenty of reasons why a book might be banned. It may subvert a popular belief of a dominating culture, shock an audience with grotesque, sexual, or obscene language, or promote strife within...
Read this List
Mark Twain, c. 1907.
Mark Twain
American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi...
Read this Article
Email this page


text:
Antonio Banderas

Spanish actor
Alternative Title: José Antonio Domínguez Banderas

Antonio Banderas, in full José Antonio Domínguez Banderas (born August 10, 1960, Malaga, Spain), Spanish-born film actor whose good looks, sensuality, and emotional range made him a leading international star.

  • Antonio Banderas, 2007.
    Antonio Banderas, 2007.
    Sean Gallup/Getty Images

Banderas, the son of a police officer and a teacher, was a soccer protégé as a youth, but a serious foot injury at age 14 dashed his hopes of making the sport his profession. The following year he developed an interest in acting after seeing a stage performance of the rock musical Hair. In 1981 he embarked on a five-year acting stint with the Spanish National Theatre in Madrid. There he was discovered by movie director Pedro Almodóvar, who began offering him roles. In his first movie with Almodóvar, Laberinto de pasiones (1982; Labyrinth of Passion), Banderas received good notices for his role as a gay Islamic terrorist. Under Almodóvar’s direction, the young actor was able to express his talent fully through such unconventional roles as rapist, mental patient, and kidnapper.

Banderas moved to Hollywood in 1989 and three years later appeared in the cult favourite The Mambo Kings, playing a young Cuban musician living in New York City. Although he spoke almost no English, Banderas was able to learn his lines phonetically and later took intensive English courses, which helped him land the role of Tom Hanks’s lover in the box-office hit Philadelphia (1993). Banderas subsequently appeared in a series of English-language films, including The House of the Spirits (1993); Interview with the Vampire (1994), an adaptation of Anne Rice’s novel that also featured Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt; Miami Rhapsody (1995); Robert Rodriguez’s Desperado (1995), in which Banderas played El Mariachi, a gun-toting musician; and Assassins (1995). In 1996 he costarred with Madonna in the musical Evita (1996), playing the role of Ché, the film’s narrator. Accused by some critics of overexposure, Banderas conceded that he was ambitious but said that in Spain actors prove their success in this manner.

Banderas’s unique screen persona, equal parts machismo and sensitivity, was further showcased in the successful The Mask of Zorro (1998), which costarred Catherine Zeta-Jones, The 13th Warrior (1999), and Play It to the Bone (1999). He made his directorial debut with the comedy Crazy in Alabama (1999), which starred his second wife, actress Melanie Griffith. In 2001 Banderas reteamed with Rodriguez on Spy Kids, playing a family man who is forced to return to his former career as a secret agent. The movie was a hit and led to several sequels. Banderas later reprised the role of El Mariachi in Rodriguez’s Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003). In addition, he provided the voice of Puss in Boots in the popular Shrek sequels (2004, 2007, and 2010) and in a spin-off film, Puss in Boots (2011).

In 2005 Banderas starred in The Legend of Zorro, a sequel to The Mask of Zorro. The following year he directed his second film, El camino de los ingleses (Summer Rain), an adaptation of an Antonio Soler novel about a group of teenage boys who have a memorable summer vacation. In 2010 he portrayed a dissatisfied art-gallery owner in Woody Allen’s light relationship drama You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger. Banderas worked again with Almodóvar on the psychological thriller La piel que habito (2011; The Skin I Live In), in which he starred as an obsessive plastic surgeon who experiments on a woman he holds captive. He then appeared in supporting roles in Haywire (2011), a spy film directed by Steven Soderbergh; the romantic comedy Ruby Sparks (2012); and Machete Kills (2013), an over-the-top action thriller. In The 33 (2015), which was based on a true event, Banderas played a worker who becomes trapped after a mine collapses in Chile. He joined the ensemble of Terrence Malick’s Knight of Cups (2015), portraying a lothario encountered by the film’s protagonist (Christian Bale).

Learn More in these related articles:

Salma Hayek, 2008.
...Mi vida loca (1993; My Crazy Life), she was noticed by director Robert Rodriguez, who cast her in Desperado (1995), alongside Antonio Banderas. Exposure in the action film catapulted the young actress into stardom. Her next major role was in another Rodriguez film, From Dusk Till Dawn (1996), a gory...
Director Pedro Almodóvar on the set of his film Kika (1993).
...death. Ostensibly a comedy, the film also traffics in themes of rape, corruption, and revenge. After several other early efforts, Almodóvar wrote and directed a series of films starring Antonio Banderas. The first two films, Matador (1986) and La ley del deseo (1987; Law of Desire), deal with the intersection...
Lobby card for The Mark of Zorro (1940), directed by Rouben Mamoulian.
...Mark of Zorro starred Tyrone Power in the title role. In The Mask of Zorro (1998), Anthony Hopkins played an aging Don Diego, who emerges from retirement to train Antonio Banderas’s character to be his successor as Zorro. Banderas reprised that role in The Legend of Zorro in 2005. Zorro’s television appearances included Walt Disney’s...
Antonio Banderas
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Harvard
  • Chicago
You have successfully emailed this.
Error when sending the email. Try again later.
Edit Mode
Antonio Banderas
Spanish actor
Tips For Editing

We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
  2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
  3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
  4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)

Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.

Thank You for Your Contribution!

Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.

Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.

Uh Oh

There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.

Keep Exploring Britannica

Sir Alfred Hitchcock. Circa 1963 publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock director of The Birds (1963).
Behind the Scenes: 12 Films You Didn’t Know Were Based on Short Fiction
Although short fiction allows filmmakers the ability to more accurately transpose literature to the big screen—as they (usually) aren’t fettered by the budget and time constraints involved in dealing with...
Read this List
Side view of bullet train at sunset. High speed train. Hompepage blog 2009, geography and travel, science and technology passenger train transportation railroad
Journey Through Europe: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Sweden, Italy, and other European countries.
Take this Quiz
Europe: Peoples
Destination Europe: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Russia, England, and other European countries.
Take this Quiz
Ludwig van Beethoven.
Ludwig van Beethoven
German composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived, Ludwig van Beethoven dominates...
Read this Article
Self-portrait by Leonardo da Vinci, chalk drawing, 1512; in the Palazzo Reale, Turin, Italy.
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian “Leonardo from Vinci” Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last...
Read this Article
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, oil on canvas by Barbara Krafft, 1819.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Austrian composer, widely recognized as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. With Haydn and Beethoven he brought to its height the achievement of the Viennese Classical school....
Read this Article
Joan Baez (left) and Bob Dylan at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963.
Bob Dylan
American folksinger who moved from folk to rock music in the 1960s, infusing the lyrics of rock and roll, theretofore concerned mostly with boy-girl romantic innuendo, with the intellectualism of classic...
Read this Article
Frank Sinatra, c. 1970.
Frank Sinatra
American singer and motion-picture actor who, through a long career and a very public personal life, became one of the most sought-after performers in the entertainment industry; he is often hailed as...
Read this Article
Artist interpretation of space asteroids impacting earth and moon. Meteoroids, meteor impact, end of the world, danger, destruction, dinosaur extinct, Judgement Day, Doomsday Predictions, comet
9 Varieties of Doomsday Imagined By Hollywood
The end of the Earth has been predicted again and again practically since the beginning of the Earth, and pretty much every viable option for the demise of the human race has been considered. For a glimpse...
Read this List
Steven Spielberg, 2013.
Steven Spielberg
American motion-picture director and producer whose diverse films—which ranged from science-fiction fare, including such classics as Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T.: The Extra-Terrrestrial...
Read this Article
European Union. Design specifications on the symbol for the euro.
Exploring Europe: Fact or Fiction?
Take this Geography True or False Quiz at Encyclopedia Britannica to test your knowledge of Ireland, Andorra, and other European countries.
Take this Quiz
Set used for the film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012).
You Ought to Be in Pictures: 8 Filming Locations You Can Actually Visit
While many movie locations exist only on a studio backlot or as a collection of data on a hard drive, some of the most recognizable sites on the silver screen are only a hop, skip, and a transoceanic plane...
Read this List
Email this page


text:
Skip to main content
Get an instant free quote

Privacy Statement

We do not keep a database of people who send email to us, and we do not pass these details to other people.

We make no effort to identify public users of our site. No identifying data is disclosed to anyone else for any purpose.

As is typical, we log requests to our server. We do sometimes know the originating IP address of a user requesting a web page. We also know which external websites may have referred users to our site via a link. We occasionally analyse the server log files to determine which of our web pages are the most and least popular. Logged information is kept indefinitely as administrative and research material; it is not disclosed outside of site personnel.

Do we use cookies?

Yes (Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computers hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the sites or service providers systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information.

Britelite understand the importance of data protection and have designed this cookie policy to help you understand what cookies we use and why.

Cookies are used to help us understand where customers are referred from and what pages they visit and how often on our site.

Below is a list showing what cookies are used and why.

ASP.NET_Sessionid, ASP.NET Session cookie

These cookies maintain your user session state, allowing us to store data for the duration of your session on the site

Google Analytics

_utma, _utmb, _utmc, _utmy and _utmz

These cookies are assigned via Google Analytics and help store anonymous user information about visits to the site. These cookies show us generic user data, such as time on site, how many pages you visited, where and when you exited the site etc. It helps give us information to highlight potential improvements to the site, so that the user journey is as good as we can make it.

Double Click

This cookie shows us your actions after seeing or following one of our online adverts. It shows your online navigation path, and gives details on where you went having interacted, or seen one of our online adverts. This data is anonymous and cannot be tracked to a specific user.

GEO, VISTITOR_INFO1_LIVE and use_hitbox

We have a YouTube channel and embed our videos onto the site using YouTube’s embedding code.

Hibu uses a pixel that creates a cookie that may be used on 3rd party websites within the hibu network to display our adverts on. Visit for more information and to opt-out of being targeted for any behavioural advertising by any member of the Internet Advertising Bureau, including Hibu.

Cookies can be turned on, off or deleted in your browser settings however by doing this some pages may not work as efficiently.

Third party websites

Britelite is not responsible for third party website and would refer you to their own cookie policy.

Copyright on this site

The copyright in all of the material on this website belongs to Britelite Windows.

You are welcome to download any of the material for your own use on these terms:

  • You accept all risks from downloading, installing or using the material.
  • Britelite Windows and Conservatories are not responsible for damage (including damage caused by viruses) to your computer or software or any losses suffered by you as a result of downloading, installing or using the material.
  • You will not, without Britelite Window’s prior written agreement: reproduce or redistribute any of the material; or alter any of the material; or alter or remove Britelite Windows and Conservatories copyright notices on the material.

If you wish to insert a hyperlink in another website to this site, then you must first receive permission from us in writing.

Terms and Conditions

Use of this site is provided by Britelite Windows and Conservatories subject to the following Terms and Conditions.

  • Your use constitutes acceptance of these Terms and Conditions as at the date of your first use of the site.
  • Britelite Windows and Conservatories reserves the right to change these Terms and Conditions at any time by posting changes online. Your continued use of this site after changes are posted constitutes your acceptance of this agreement as modified.
  • You agree to use this site only for lawful purposes, and in a manner which does not infringe the rights, or restrict, or inhibit the use and enjoyment of the site by any third party.
  • This site and the information relating to Britelite Windows and Conservatories are provided “as is” without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind whether express or implied. In no event will Britelite Windows and Conservatories be liable for any damages including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever arising from the use or in connection with such use or loss of use of the site, whether in contract or in negligence.
  • Britelite Windows and Conservatories does not warrant that the functions contained in the material contained in this site will be uninterrupted or error free, that defects will be corrected, or that this site or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or bugs or represents the full functionality, accuracy and reliability of the materials.
  • Information Britelite Windows and Conservatories publishes on its site may contain references or cross references to Britelite specifications, projects, programs and services that are not announced or available in your country. Such references do not imply that Britelite Windows and Conservatories intends to announce such specifications, projects, programs or services in your country.
  • Britelite Windows and Conservatories takes no responsibility for the content of external Internet Sites. A link to a non-Britelite Windows and Conservatories website does not mean that Britelite endorses or accepts any responsibility for the content, or the use, of such site.
  • Any communication or material that you transmit to, or post on, any public area of the site including any data, questions, comments, suggestions, or the like, is, and will be treated as, non-confidential and non-proprietary information.
  • If there is any conflict between these Terms and Conditions and rules and/or specific terms of use appearing on this site relating to specific material then the latter shall prevail.
  • These terms and conditions shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales. Any disputes shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of England and Wales.
  • Information on this site may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice. Britelite may make improvements and/or changes in the materials contained in or described on this site at any time without notice. Britelite Windows and Conservatories may also make changes in the Terms and Conditions without notice. A user is bound by such revisions and should therefore periodically visit this page to review the then current Terms and Conditions.
Speak to a member of the team today 0800 50 50 70

Get in Touch

Find your nearest showcentre

Chessington Show Centre

Chessington Garden Centre, Leatherhead Road, Chessington, Surrey, KT9 2NG

Hours: Monday - Saturday 9AM - 5PM
Sunday 10AM - 4PM

Visit Showroom Tel - 01372 236501

Maidstone Show Centre

Britelite House, Bircholt Road, Parkwood Trading Estate, Maidstone, Kent, ME15 9XY

Hours: Monday - Saturday 9AM - 5PM
Sunday 10AM - 2PM

Visit Showroom Tel - 01622 236401

Crayford Showroom

34 Crayford High Street, Crayford, Kent, DA1 4HG

Hours: Monday - Saturday 9AM - 5PM

Visit Showroom Tel - 01322 476134


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
Colorwork Triangle Shawl

$7.00 (PDF Download)

Languages Available Help

  •  English English

All languages shown are available with purchase

Skill Level Help

5 of 5

1 is least difficult, 5 is most difficult

Redshift is a project for the adventurous spirit — a graphic shawl knit circularly to a point in stranded colorwork, opened with a hand-sewn steek, and finished with a multi-directional garter edge. This shawl is the perfect opportunity to expand your skill set and add a jolt of energy to your wardrobe. Wear it loud and proud with a bright, high-contrast color combination or tone it down with a subtle pairing of neutrals or closely related hues from the Loft palette.

Redshift is also available as part of Jared Flood’s first print book, WOOLENS.

Fingering weight wool yarn in the following approximate amounts:

  • 975 yards Color 1 (C1)
  • 535 yards Color 2 (C2)

Brooklyn Tweed Loft (100% American Targhee-Columbia wool; 275 yards/50g)

Please note: the stitch patterns in this garment are charted only.

  • 26 stitches & 26 rounds = 4” in colorwork pattern from Redshift Chart with Size A needle(s), after blocking
  • 26 stitches & 52 rows (26 ridges) = 4″ in garter stitch with Size B needle(s), after blocking

Note: Be sure to swatch for both gauges. The correct proportion of the shawl depends upon achieving a square gauge (same number of stitches and rounds/garter ridges in a given measurement). Please read about Speed-Swatching for Circular Knitting (see Special Techniques).

Size A (for Colorwork Fabric)

  • One each 24″ and 32” circular needles and one set of double-pointed needles (DPNs)* in size needed to obtain chart gauge listed
  • Suggested Size: 4 mm (US 6)

Size B (for Garter Stitch Edging)

  • Two 32” circular needles in size needed to obtain garter stitch gauge listed
  • Suggested Size: 3¾ mm (US 5)

Due to significant variance between knitters, your colorwork fabric should be swatched prior to knitting your shawl to determine whether or not this needle size should be larger, smaller, or equal to the size used for the edging. Please read about Speed-Swatching for Circular Knitting (see Special Techniques).

*32” circular needle can be used instead of DPNs if using the Magic Loop method for working small circumferences in the round (e.g., the end of the shawl).

Finished dimensions
  • Approximately 63½” [161.5cm] wingspan
  • 30″ [76 cm] height at center spine

Tutorials for all special techniques listed below are included in the pattern:

  • Speed-Swatching for Circular Knitting
  • Color Dominance
  • Crocheted Provisional Cast On
  • Steeking
  • Securing a Steek: Crochet Method
  • Securing a Steek: Hand-Sewn Method
  • Backward Loop Cast On
Jared Flood
Pattern By
Jared Flood

See more from Jared


text:
Common Sense Action's Rhode Island Fiscal Summit featuring Steven Rattner '74

Saturday, February 23, 2013 - 12:00pm - 4:00pm

Student-run Common Sense Action is committed to mobilizing youth to solve the nation's fiscal problems. Using Rhode Island's fiscal challenges as a case study, we will explore solutions to the federal deficit and debt crisis.

As seating is limited, registration is required at

Event Agenda

Noon - Introduction and Keynote Speaker
Christina Paxton, President of Brown, introduces Steven Rattner '74, former Counselor to U.S. Treasury, media contributor, Chairman of Willett Advisors, and Steering Committee member of the Campaign to Fix the Debt

1:00 p.m. - Lunch
Networking lunch and roundtable discussion with faculty and conference participants

2:00 pm  - Panel discussion
Moderated by Ted Nesi, WPRI reporter and blogger on

  • Allan Fung, Mayor of Cranston Rhode Island
  • Robert Weygand, Vice President for Finance and Administration, URI; former U.S. Representative (RI-2) and Lieutenant Governor.
  • Laurie White, President, Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce

3:30 pm - Conclusion
Common Sense Action leads a discussion on your ideas and reflections. What action can we take to ensure politicians emphasize youth issues?

Taubman Center for Public Policy and American Institutions
Common Sense Action
Up to Us/Brown
President's Office
Dean of the College
Undergraduate Council of Students
Brown Democrats
Brown Republicans
Janus Forum
Political Theory Project

Event Media:


text:
Built.io Blog

DevNetwork Names built.io a Leading Mobile App Platform in the Developer Technology Landscape

e are excited that built.io was just recognized as an industry leader in Mobile App Development Platforms in DevNetwork’s Leadership Map of Developer Technology infographic.

Geoff Domoracki, CEO of DevNetwork explains that in a crowded market, it’s important to highlight companies and products that excel in their field, “Because there are hundreds of technologies offering platform-as-a-service, infrastructure-as-a-service, database-as-a-service, even dev ops or back-end processing via API we saw the value to the community that we outline a comprehensive view of the best developer technologies in this infographic.”

DevNetwork is a San Francisco based technology conference company with over 6,500 participants across its conferences and events per year. They have organized top companies into 9 core groups of technologies across 34 categories in this developer technology industry infographic that aims to make developer technology understandable to the entire business/technology community.

We want to thank you, DevNetwork, for honoring us with this placement, and for nurturing an ecosystem of highly capable technologies.

Subscribe to our blog


text:
This Is What Ryan Seacrest Looked Like In 1993

What the?!

1. 2013 Ryan Seacrest:

Jason Merritt / Getty Images

2. 1993 Ryan Seacrest:

Rick Diamond / Getty Images
Rick Diamond / Getty Images

These were his professional radio portraits. Back then he was a DJ for a station in Atlanta, Georgia.

Check out more articles on!

  Your Reaction?

    Starting soon, you'll only be able to post a comment on BuzzFeed using a Facebook account or via our app. If you have questions or thoughts, email us here.

    Now Buzzing


text:
Caboolture East State School count themselves in

Caboolture East State School music teacher Scott Goldsmith teaching his class 3P class a few bars of the song for the 2016 Count Us In initiative.
Caboolture East State School music teacher Scott Goldsmith teaching his class 3P class a few bars of the song for the 2016 Count Us In initiative. Kyle Zenchyson

STUDENTS at Caboolture East State School are eagerly counting in for a nation-wide incentive to promote the merits of learning music on Thursday November 3.

In it's 10th year, Music: Count Us In is Australia's biggest schools initiative, where students across the country sing the same song, on the same day, at the same time.

The program is designed to encourage young people's passion for music and energise and engage teachers, principals and school communities.

Music teacher Scott Goldsmith said he was looking forward to hearing his students perform 'Let It Play', which was written by four students from Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland.

"We've been involved with the program for the last four years since I arrived at the school and each year we're adding more and more to it so not only are the kids singing it, they're actually playing instruments to it as well," he said.

"In the third year, last year, we actually had every single child in the school either singing or playing an instrument at some moment over the song.

"It is very very hard to coordinate but we got it together and it sounded awesome."

Mr Goldsmith said it was hard to explain to his colleagues why more than 700 students should take just two minutes out of the day to gather in the school hall. But it was worth it in the end.

"They worked out that this a fantastic experience for the kids and they are so motivated to be involved, so even the most reluctant music student realises this an opportunity to shine because everybody's doing it," he said.

"And you don't have to be brilliant at it, you just have to be involved.

"Kids who may struggle in one area of their education are helped by learning music because it's covering everything."

Last year saw over half a million students from over 2,100 schools join the program.

The song features a variation on 'Canon in D' by Johann Pachelbel. You can listen to the song here:

Stay Connected

Update your news preferences and get the latest news delivered to your inbox.

Crikey! Why more crocs are heading south

Adam Britton of crocodile research and consulting organisation Big Gecko says the reptiles are on the move.

CROC MAP: Population boom and warmer waters drawing crocs south

Bushfire hazard reduction burn, Burpengary

Planned burn for Burpengary.

WEATHER permitting there will be a bushfire hazard burn.

Council orders developers to stop work

ISSUE: Orianna Resort Group is appealing Moreton Bay Regional Council's stop work notice.

Council orders developers to stop work

Local Partners

School protest after train station bashings

TRACEY Williams says her daughter lives in fear of being assaulted on her way to school after she was bashed outside the Caboolture train station.

REVIEW: Under the Gun doco looks at right to bear arms

ARMED: A still from the 2016 documentary film Under the Gun by Stephanie Soechtig.

An in-depth look into America's gun culture.

Messing with your head

MIND BLOWN: What could be weirder than the realisation that we have another completely separate brain and nervous system than the one originating in our heads?

Fascinating connection between your gut and your brain

Sir Elton John coming to Mackay: What you need to know

Sir Elton will come to Mackay and Cairns in September.

Tickets to the concert go on sale on March 14

Un-American tale makes Lion weakest link in Oscars line-up

PSYCHOLOGY researchers find US films and actors most likely to win accolades at the Oscars.

Living End, Grinspoon stars hit stage for American Idiot

Chris Cheney of The Living End stars in the Australian production of Green Days musical American Idiot at Brisbane's QPAC Theatre.

TAKE a look behind the scenes of Green Day's American Idiot musical

Samuel L Jackson dismisses La La Land ahead of Oscars

Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone in a scene from the movie La La Land.

Hollywood actor and Oscars voter says Denzel should win top gong

Live performance of Sci-fi classic to open Science Festival

Qld Symphony Orchestra perform live to 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Festival will host A Live Presentation of 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Former Family Matters stare accused of child abuse

Reginald VelJohnson, left, and Darius McCrary arrive at the TV Land Awards on Sunday, April 19, 2009 in Universal City, Calif.

Darius McCrary has been accused of child abuse

Bindi Irwin's birthday tribute to her dad

Bindi Irwin

Bindi Irwin has paid tribute to her dad on his 55th birthday

The trick homeowners are using to buy more properties

Chantelle Subritzky leaves her home each week for Airbnb guests.

Queenslanders are going down this path to help pay their mortgages

Stunning home blends South Pacific beauty with Orient style

Immaculate residence with two outdoor living areas

$140k damage: landlord says property trashed, contaminated

He had what he calls "the tenants from hell"

Submarine, buses and 3000 tyres removed in $100K clean up

The list of things removed from this property is beyond astonishing

Ready to SELL your property?

Post Your Ad Here!


text:
IN Chennai, India

248 / 13558
Score: 60
Im Mechanical Engineer with hands on experience in design and fabricating for more than 3 years from one of leading Automotive Industry . I get in to freelancing with aim of delivering expertise at low cost and best quality. I'm a certified solid works Associate (CSWA) by Dassault Systèmes. I have very good knowledge on Solid Works and CATIA(using for 3 years). I have expertise in Mould tooling ,Plastic design, solid modelling, Surface design,Assembly design, simulation analysis, Drafting . I am looking for full time freelancing jobs most willing to associate for long time. looking for more challenging in various streams to develop my expertise further. I take all responsibility to all projects i work on for best customer satisfaction.


text:
Middle Managers: Boosting Employee Engagement and Customer Experience

Adrian Swinscoe

Guest Blog by

It’s pretty well understood that having a high level of employee engagement fuels better levels of service, a more engaging customer experience and better business results.

Gallup research supports this and shows that firms with a highly engaged workforce experience tend to have:

  • 37% less absenteeism;
  • Between 25% and 65% lower staff turnover, depending on the industry;
  • Up to 41% fewer quality issues;
  • 48% fewer safety incidents;
  • 28% less shrinkage;
  • 10% higher customer ratings;
  • 21% higher productivity; and
  • 22% higher profitability.

Moreover, research by the Temkin Group published in their 2015 Employee Engagement Benchmark Study found that companies that had a market leading customer experience had 50% more engaged employees than the majority of their competitors.

But, what holds back many organisations efforts to improve their employee engagement? Well, according to Gallup, 70% percent of the variance between top quartile and bottom quartile performing companies, in terms of employee engagement, can be explained by the quality of that organisation’s managers.

So, what should firms do? Should they be investing more in their front-line and middle managers?

Research from Deloitte in 2014 shows that first-level managers each receive, on average, only 34 percent of the leadership development funding that emerging/high potential leaders receive and around 20% of the amount that senior leaders receive.

But, if you consider how many first and second level managers there are this could prove, for many if not most firms, pejoratively expensive in terms of financial, resource and administration costs.

So, the challenge seems to be….how can organisations help front-line and middle managers improve and get better at managing their people that is both cost, time and resource effective?

One way could be to institute a system that learns from the one recounted by Ricardo Semler in his classic book ‘Maverick’ first published in 1993. In the book, Semler explains how at Semco they implemented a system where team members were actively involved in the hiring, evaluation and the pay and bonus setting of their bosses, supervisors and line managers.

Now, I’m not suggesting that organisations should exactly replicate Semco’s system but there are, I believe, lessons to be learned from how their employees, front-line workers and team members evaluated their supervisors and how it helped them achieve some outstanding results.

I believe that the learning and development of front-line and middle managers could be supplemented and immeasurably enhanced by establishing a regular feedback mechanism between them and their team.

Imagine a situation where a team leader asked their team, as part of their weekly meeting, a series of short questions like:

  • What did I do well last week?
  • What didn’t I do so well?
  • And, what do you think I could do to get better?

Now, to reap the benefits of such an approach, an organisation would have to have the right sort of culture (accountability, openness, honesty and commitment to learning, development and improvement) and the right level of management and leadership approach to get the most out of it.

But, I, for one, believe that adopting such an approach could go a long way to towards helping organisations improve their level of employee engagement as well as ensuring that they are also improving the quality of their front-line and middle managers in a resource conscious way. Moreover, it’s also likely to help them improve their overall level of service, experience and drive better business results.

“Through learning we re-create ourselves. Through learning we become able to do something we never were able to do. Through learning we reperceive the world and our relationship to it. Through learning we extend our capacity to create, to be part of the generative process of life” ― Peter M. Senge

This blog post has been re-published by kind permission of Adrian Swinscoe – View the original post

About the author

Adrian Swinscoe has been growing and developing customer-focused large and small businesses for 20 years, in particular how they engage with their customers, build their customer retention and improve service.

His driving passion is helping create, develop and grow businesses that take care of their customers in the best way possible and create great teams to deliver that.

As a result, he helps companies with their business and team performance issues which result in increased profits, sales, better productivity, word of mouth and better service and an overall customer and employee experience.

Read other posts by

Call Centre Helper is not responsible for the content of these guest blog posts. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect those of Call Centre Helper.

Published On: 9th Feb 2017
Read more about - Guest Blogs

Leave a Comment
Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


text:
Yesterday we pushed a highly requested update to our API allowing you to create a campaign using an existing template, and then populate that template with any content you desire. Whether you’re updating a single chunk of content or an entire email filled with complex repeaters, the entire process can now be fully automated.

If you’re not already familiar with our template language, it lets you turn any HTML email design into a re-usable template by adding a few simple tags. Now that you can create campaigns using template via the API, all you need to worry about is supplying the content and we’ll do the rest.

VIEW THE DOCS We’ve put together everything you need to get started

Unsuppressing email addresses

On top of the template update, we’ve also just added support for unsuppressing an email address via the API. This means you can easily remove an address from any client-wide suppression list if, for example, that subscriber now wants to hear from you again, or was suppressed by mistake.

Updated wrappers

To support these new updates, all our wrappers have also been updated. This includes Ruby, Python, PHP, .NET and Java so it’s a piece of cake to start using these features in your own solutions.

Want to improve your email marketing? Subscribe to get tips on improving your email marketing delivered to your inbox.

Join 200,000 companies around the world that use Campaign Monitor to run email marketing campaigns that deliver results for their business.

Get started for free


text:
- College search made simple.
Dismiss notification

Interested in this school?

Please type at least the first 4 letters of the school name.

Colorado School of Mines Stats, Info and Facts

Quick Facts

5,287 students

45% admitted

  • 4,620 full time
  • 667 part time
  • 3,433 men full time
  • 1,187 women full time
  • 10,145 applied
  • 4,520 admitted
  • 879 enrolled

3,702 Undergraduates

$14,400 tuition/year

  • 1,501 Graduates
  • 84 Non-Degree
  • $14,400 in state
  • $2,085 fees
  • $10,103 room & board
  • $1,500 books and supplies

At a Glance

Institution Type: Public
Campus Setting: Rocky Mountains Large suburb
Highest Degree Offered: Doctor's degree - research/scholarship
Level of Institution: Four or more years
Calendar: Semester
Reviews in 3 Sentences
  • Colten from Elbert, CO
  • 0
  • the colorado school of mines is an extremely rigorous, intense, and rewarding college. there are challenges every day, and every class, no matter what you take, is hours worth…

  • Feb-06-2012 Read More
  • Michael from Leesburg, VA
  • 0
  • This school is academically more challenging than anything you have or will ever experience. The social life is almost non-existent, but school spirit is very strong. The hard work put…

  • Jul-19-2012 Read More
  • Amanda from Castle Rock, CO
  • 0
  • Colorado School of Mines is a wonderful school! It is very challenging but has some amazing teachers to walk you through the classes. However, the exams can be overly complicated.…

  • Jan-08-2012 Read More
  • Athena from Colorado Springs, CO
  • 0
  • colorado school of mines is a school that, above all, is focused on excellence. this includes anything from academic excellence to a flowering social life. it is also a haven…

  • Feb-08-2012 Read More
  • Jeremiah from Golden, CO
  • 0
  • the colorado school of mines is a great place for learning and science. we have some awesome professors. despite the difficulty, the school is a great opportunity for anyone interested…

  • Feb-14-2012 Read More

Student Responses to Review Topic: Am I Enjoying Being Here
  • 4
  • Jordan from Ely, NV
  • Sep-25-2011 I am a current student here

    I have met a lot of people that I really like here. From other students to TAs and professors. I am heavily involved in a couple of professional organizations and met many people through them that have already helped me in the my career.

    Read More
  • 5
  • Nicholas from Highlands Ranch, CO
  • Aug-11-2011 I am a current student here

    This is a great campus. I think that the best part for me is the small focused student body. The fact that everyone in your dorm is taking the came classes was great, you can go to anyone anytime for help. You get to know so many more people and build stronger relationships with the people around you. It doesn't feel like you are just another number here. The mountains are another great reason for coming here. All resorts are within 90 minutes, and you can do any outdoor activity you can think of. You can also get into things that you have never tried before. For me, I got to go kayaking and rock climbing for the first time in my life in the first week of school. If you are willing to go outside your comfort zone you are bound to find something that fits you out here.

    Read More
  • 5
  • Cody from bennett, CO
  • May-19-2011 I am a current student here

    The Colorado School of Mines campus offers numerous clubs and organizations that one can enjoy at their own leisure. If one is looking to join a group that shares common ideas, or if one is simply looking to stop by occasionally to relax and have fun with fellow students, there is a club/organization for all. The Student Recreation Center hosts numerous intramural sports that can be joined by any team. The gym in the Rec Center is adequately supplied for type of strength conditioning that one could pursue, and includes an indoor track and numerous basketball courts. If one is looking to take a break from studying or just looking to belong to something, then the Colorado School of Mines does not fall short of providing a fun, interactive college experience.

    Read More
  • 5
  • Lauren from Fort Collins, CO
  • Mar-16-2011 I am a current student here

    I absolutely love it here. Golden is a great place to live and the size of campus is great - not too big, but big enough. It’s close to Denver and the mountains, so it’s a great location too. There are lots of places to fit in - for me it was athletics, but there are clubs for every interest on campus (including plenty of nerdy ones, if that’s what you’re into). The Mines Activity Council hosts events like movie nights and comedians (every week), and IM sports are lots of fun too (it's always entertaining to watch nerds play sports). A big concern for most people is that Mines students don't have time for a life. And I can't lie to you - going to Mines is a lot of work, and you have to be prepared for it. There’s always more homework or studying to do, but with good time management skills, you can make time for “the college experience”. I don’t have unlimited free time, but I’m not doing homework 24/7. Also, the difficulty of courses brings the student body together. You don't have psychology majors mixed with music majors mixed with engineers. Everyone went through the same rigorous classes and ate the same not so great dorm food as freshmen. But these things help students bond, and everyone understands when it's just one of those weeks where you don't have time to go out.

    Read More


text:
- College search made simple.
Dismiss notification

Ann Colbert Battles Endowment Fund

Alpha Kappa Alpha Educational Advancement Foundation (AKA-EAF)

Application Information

Get Instant Scholarship Matches
Complete your free profile to get personalized matches to over $ll billion in scholarship rewards.

Scholarship Overview

This scholarship is for women in the AKA Great Lakes Region: Ohio, West Virginia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. To qualify for this scholarship, applicants must be members of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, be undergraduate education majors, and obtain at least a 3.0 GPA. Scholarship applications are accepted throughout the year, and applicants may apply for more than one fund offered by the AKA-EAF.

How easy is it to apply?

Not too bad

This scholarship's application process may have items such as essays that could take a couple hours.

How much competition is there?

Not much

This scholarship won't have as many applicants as most.

Contact Information

Deadline: Apr 15
Know of a scholarship we should list?

Suggest a scholarship


text:
- College search made simple.
Dismiss notification

UPS Scholarship

American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)

Application Information

Get Instant Scholarship Matches
Complete your free profile to get personalized matches to over $ll billion in scholarship rewards.

Scholarship Overview

This scholarship is for full-time undergraduate students who are pursuing a degree in occupational safety and health or a closely related field. To qualify for this scholarship, applicants must be enrolled in 12 or more hours per semester and have a 3.0 GPA. ASSE student membership is preferred, but not required. Students may also be provided with the opportunity to attend a professional development conference related to safety.

How easy is it to apply?

This scholarship's application process shouldn't take more than an hour or so.

How much competition is there?

Not much

This scholarship won't have as many applicants as most.

Contact Information

Deadline: Dec 1
Average Award: $5,250
Awards Granted: 4
Know of a scholarship we should list?

Suggest a scholarship