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Ranking the Year in Film (Flack’s Article)

Posted on | February 11, 2013 | 1 Comment

Here is my end of the year extravaganza special showcasing my overall thoughts on the year in flicks by Flack. This article follows a (mostly) similar pattern to Flick’s article. From my top 11 list to “awards” for some top achievements in film, here is my super special epic piece of year-end movie writing.

Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)

11. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey IMAX 3-D Better than I expected…and yet it still could have been so much better. The highlights are a thrilling three part climax and Martin Freeman’s deadpan lead performance.

Richard Parker in Life of Pi (2012)

10. Life of Pi Beautiful and emotionally satisfying. So why isn’t it higher on the list? Because on the whole it’s not completely satisfying. I’m happy for those who thought the un-filmable literature masterpiece Life of Pi became filmable and more. But under the direction of Ang Lee the movie works, but doesn’t “fly”. Still the 3-D and actors are amazing.

4 out of the 5 Guardians in Rise of the Guardians (2012)

9. Rise of the Guardians An underrated animated joy. Emotionally moving, dazzilingly visual, and often hilarious (especially the voices; Alec Baldwin’s Santa Claus in particular). The trailers are deceiving. It’s not all action. In fact it’s something much better than that. It’s a charming family film that deserves to be seen. This movie definitely should’ve been nominated for the Best Animated Feature at The 2013 Oscars (even if it’s not my favorite animated movie of the year!!!).

The band of misfits on a pirate adventure in Pirates! Band of Misfits (2012)

8. The Pirates: In An Adventure With Scientists 3-D This animated charmer not only works as a movie the whole family will enjoy but also as a comedy. In fact, it’s not only a comedy, it’s one of the funniest films in recent memory. The amazing animation and hilarious voice cast help make this my choice for Best Animated Feature at this year’s Oscars and my favorite animated film of the year, in general. I also had tons of fun meeting Peter Lord at TIFF!!!

Spider-Man versus The Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012)

7. The Amazing Spider-Man 3-D Action packed fun at it’s funnest!!! What else can I say? That people complained too much about it. But what’s great about the movie? The performances are top-notch (at least for a superhero flick) and Marc Web does a better job than Sam Raimi did with three shots at perfecting the Spidey mythology. Marc Webb’s last name spells out greatness, apparently. And that greatness sure is apparent.

Two young lovers in Moonrise Kingdom (2012)

6. Moonrise Kingdom Laugh out loud funny, this underrated gem of a film is a must-see. Shot partly in Rhode Island, the movie manages to be funny, dramatic, romantic, and bittersweet often all at once. Wes Anderson does an amazing job as director and the cast is stellar. Add in the gorgeous visuals and you get a film that is local, lovely, and lyrical. The story plays out like a big, long series of paintings. And that’s a great thing!

Quvezhane Wallis as Hushpuppy facing the Aurochs in Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012)

5. Beasts of the Southern Wild Powerful with a capital P. Also, flawed with a lowercase f. In a stunning starring role Quvenzhané Wallis wows. Meanwhile Benh Zeitlin does a phenomenal job with his directorial debut. I have some minor quibbles with the film but, when I put them aside, I am left with a powerful indie!!!

Hugh Jackman singing his heart out while being a slave as Jean Valjean in Les Miserables (2012)4. Les Miserables Terribly reviewed, Les Miserables is (alongside Pirates!) the most underrated movie of the year. The actors are terrific and the singing is soulful. Even when Russel Crowe is placed on center stage the sheer singing overrides any minor issues I had with the film.

An animated sequence from Searching For Sugar Man (2012)3. Searching For Sugar Man Powerful. Deeply moving. Transcendent. Not that I’m a documentary expert of any kind, but of the ones that I’ve seen this is definitely one of the best. You don’t just watch this movie. You experience it. The emotions feel real (because they are!) and the interviews are fascinating. It’s also astonishing how much footage there is of Rodriguez (the film’s focus) playing music from the 70’s. An especially terrific scene is a misty-back to the audience concert where Rodriguez was discovered that seems filmed on an 8 millimeter camera. The film is not perfect. It’s 86 minutes long but feels closer to 180, which isn’t entirely a good thing. But the dazzling cinematography and animation plus the thrilling and surprising tale that the movie tells combine to make a film that is fascinating. It’s not a most disgusting movie. It’s a must-see, yet under-seen piece of art.

Daniel-Day Lewis playing (or being) Abraham Lincln on a certain fateful night in Lincoln (2012)2. Lincoln Smart, brilliant, and shockingly tense for a you-know-the-outcome movie. Steven Spielberg, Daniel-Day Lewis, Tony Kushner, John Williams, and the rest of the cast and crew are all at the top of their game. Lincoln is at times dryly funny and at other times politically nerve wracking. The final scene didn’t quite fit my taste but the rest of the film is modern movie making making at it’s best. Hold on, maybe there’s something better…

Ben Affleck as Tony Mendez at a meeting in Argo (2012)1. Argo  Dramatic. That’s how I’d describe this movie. The definition? Sudden and striking: “a dramatic increase in recorded crime”. Yep, sounds right. Deeply disturbing. Fantastically funny. Thrilling tensiony. The movie of the year. Ben Affleck does an astoounding job as director. His greatest feat? Keeping the laugh out loud Hollywood interludes in check with the more nail biting thriller scenes. Affleck is also terrific in his underated starring role; as CIA mastermind Tony Mendez. The supporting cast is also strong, with particularly notable work from Alan Arkin (just as good as Tommy Lee Jones in Lincoln, if not better) and John Goodman. And what about the final 15 minutes or so? It’s a movie!!! Why criticize the climax of an already great film that is greatest in it’s climax (in my opinion). The plane chase may be a little bit over the top…but I’m talking about good over the top. And the perhaps slightly sappy family tie-up? Perhaps partly untrue but satisfying. This movie not only demonstrates what kind of greatness human beings can achieve, it shows the greatness that human beings can achieve through teamwork. Every individual counts. The unknown CIA agent and Tony Mendez both contributed their talents to the rescue mission. It’s the same as the film. Both the unheard of set designer and Ben Affleck both contributed their skills to the film. By working together and using teamwork, the real life mission turned out more than fine. And by teamwork Argo turned out more than fine. It turned into my favorite movie of the year… Argo watch it!!!

Merida in Brave (2012)

Brave  An underwhelming animated effort from Pixar. While a slight bounce back from Cars 2, it’s still dissapointing. I’m hoping this summer’s Monsters University will mark a comeback for Pixar. In the meantime I can revel in the joys of Brave that do exist.

The Lorax, himself, relaxing and playing with his friends in The Lorax (2012)The Lorax 3-D Cheesy, but fun. It’s silly and shows the problem with most animation these days. But as far as a big budget re-doing of a beloved childrens’ book can go…well it’s fairly ridiculous and fun.

Jiro and fellow sushi makers in Jiro Dreams of Sushi (2012)Jiro Dreams of Sushi  A terrific documentary about sushi. Mixing nitty gritty sushi making and candid and interviews, this gem of an indie is a lyrical meditation on both life and food. Mouth wateringly great.

The team assembles and readies for battles in The Avengers (2012)The Avengers 3-D  It’s fun but awfully cheesey. That’s what I came away with after part of a second viewing (I only got halfway through it). But when I saw this movie for the first time, the day after it opened in 3-D, I was wowed. I didn’t think there was much to it (learn some lessons from The Amazing Spider-Man!). But I did enjoy it as a pure piece of popcorn munching summer fun. However, as I took another look at it the fun went away. Let me count the reasons it might not have worked… 1. The opening weekend summer fun was gone, gone, gone. 2. I was tired. 3. It wasn’t in 3-D. 4. And…most of all it was on a regular TV not a big screen. Well, the movie just felt silly. Not fun.

The hero scouting out the location in John Carter (2012)John Carter 3-D By far the worst movie of the year. You’re probably guessing that’s because it’s all action, no emotion. But, shockingly, you’re wrong!!! The reason is that there’s not enough action (or story, for that matter!!!). And the action scenes that there are? Terrible. I had high hopes a possibly epic piece of sci-fi cinema from the director of Finding Nemo and WALLE (both some of the greatest animated films ever made). Instead I got a film that makes me say “Bah humbug”.

Here’s my thoughts on some of the best in film of the year. However, I don’t talk about my favorite film of the year because I have already talked about it (look above!!!).

Steven Spielberg on the set of Lincoln (2012)Best Director: Steven Spielberg For Lincoln I think Ben Affleck (Argo) did just as good a job at directing as Steven Spielberg. But I wanted to split the top prizes and show that, even if it’s not my number 1 film of the year, I love Lincoln. So, what did Spielberg do right? I’m sure Spielberg gave the actors tips on what to do but for the most part I think the stars are responsible for their own performances. He gathered a top notch cast and let them freely make great actor decisions. Spielberg did a terrific job assembling the set designers, sound effects workers, and other many crew members and creating a historical, 1860’s feel.  He also does a great job making a film that does not feature any alien abduction set pieces or overlong Civil War battle scenes. Instead he, screenwriter Tony Kushner, and the entire cast let the characters sit down and talk…NOW, NOW, NOW!!! His greatest feet, however, is having the guts to make a film that was slow. And by doing so he created a classic.

Quvezhane Wallis as the fierce Hushpuppy in Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012)Best Actress: Quvenzhané Wallis for Beasts of the Southern Wild For someone who was 5 when cast, 6 when filmed, 8 when her film was released, and 9 when she was Oscar nominated, Quvezhane Wallis did an absolutely astonishing job in Beasts of the Southern Wild. As Hushpuppy she is strong, fierce, and powerful. Her turn as a 6 year old bayou girl facing a drunken and dying father, a missing mother, and the apocalypse may be considered not quite acting. How could someone so young come off as so professional!?!? But Wallis does an amazing job. Her tear jerking voice-overs are great as is her on screen kiddie intensity. She might not even have a chance at winning the Oscar but as far as I’m concerned she’s a total winner.

Daniel Day Lewis as Lincoln (2012)Best Actor: Daniel-Day Lewis for Lincoln As our country’s greatest president Day Lewis captures the man, not the myth, at his most humane. His fascinatingly real portrayal of the larger than life legend is legendary. What else can I say without rambling, something Mr. Lincoln never does in this movie?

Alan Arkin as hilarious moive producer Lester Shields in Argo (2012)Best Supporting Actor : Alan Arkin for Argo and Tommy Lee Jones for Lincoln TIE!!! Two curmudgeonly character actors with emotional depth who steal every scene they’re in, even while playing opposite movie stars in towering lead performances. Two equally great actors in equally great performances!!!

Anne Hathaway singing her heart out as doomed Fantine in Les Miserables (2012)

Best Supporting Actress: Anne Hathaway for Les Miserables In a remarkable supporting turn, Anne Hathaway makes the best out of her few scenes. Her gut wrenching perfomance is tragic, terrific, and wonderfully sung.

An edge of your seat climactic chase in Argo (2012)Best Scene of the Year: I Dreamed A Dream from Les Miserables and Airplane Chase! from Argo TIE!!! The intense sadness, dazzling acting, and catchy singing of I Dreamed A Dream makes it iconic; exactly what a great scene of the year should be. The airport chase is thrilling popcorn suspense in a decidedly non-popcorn movie. And by the end of the scene (if the scene and film’s intended effect truly works on you) you’re crying and cheering, all with a smile of happiness and relief; it stays with you which is exactly what a great scene of the year should be.

SPECIAL PRIZE: Searching For Sugar Man Surprising, fascinating, bold, and amazing Searching For Sugar Man is, like many other films I saw this year, different than any other movie I have ever seen. WATCH IT!!!

There was an exciting superhero film that ultimately fell short of my expectations (The Avengers), a hilarious stop-motion adventure (The Pirates: In An Adventure With Scientists), a talky historical masterpiece (Lincoln), an action packed but flawed part 1 of a based on a book fantasy epic (The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey), and much, much more!!! But the true champion ended up being a pulse-pounding foreign set drama (Argo). Argo and Lincoln were the only true masterpieces of the year, even if Searching For Sugar Man and Les Miserables came pretty close. How many disasters were there? One, in the evil shape of John Carter!!! 2012 was the year of storytelling and surprises, and an amazing year at that!!!

BRING IT ON, 2013!!!!!!!!!!!!

Flick and Flack’s 200th Post: A Celebration (Flick and Flack’s Celebration)

Posted on | September 1, 2012 | 2 Comments

Flick and Flack themselvesIt’s hard to believe, but it’s true. The 200th post has finally, arrived. It’s here. It’s huge. It’s stunning, and it’s ready to knock your socks off. (Cue Flick Flack theme song, whatever it is.) This September marks our third year of posting, but we thought we would celebrate our 200th post, after all it is something to celebrate. (That’s not to say we aren’t celebrating three years with all this, it’s just that 200 is worthy of a fiesta too.) So here it is: our fiesta, party, birthday, holiday (take a day off if you like), celebration, or whatever else you want to call it. This post is filled with surprises; unlike most posts where we devote our first paragraph to a preview of the post, here we’re not saying anything (at least not in this first paragraph). But if you would like the secrets of the world to be spilled, there is one thing you may do. Scroll down the page and take a listen to the eight celebratory podcasts Flick and Flack have recorded specially, exclusively, and exhaustively  just for you. Note: While listening to them all straight through is much longer than most movie’s running time, but trust us, it’s worth it. Just as writing our other 199 posts have been.

Daniel Kamil

Click on photo to hear podcast.

To kick it all off Flick and Flack discuss it all. This first part also includes an audio clip of Flick’s interview with Daniel Kamil and a discussion of The Avengers and a reading of Flick’s review of the film. Note: Our discussion about the best films of the year is not up to date, as we recorded this awhile ago. However it still provides interesting critiques.

Click on photo to hear podcast.

In the second part of the exciting saga Flick and Flack discuss The Avengers even more and they give you a rousing preview filled with opinions about this Fall’s movie lineup including James Bond’s latest, Skyfall.

Warner Brothers Studios New Logo

Click on photo to hear podcast.

This third part includes a talk on why film studios matter… and just maybe, why they don’t. One of the studios talked about is Warner Bros.

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey

Click on photo to hear podcast.

Whew. We’re halfway done. So in the center of the stage (the fourth part), we respond to questions asked by readers.

Super 8

Click on photo to hear podcast.

For our fifth part we discuss some of our reader’s favorite films, including Super 8.

Pirates Of The Caribean: Dead Man's Chest

Click on photo to hear podcast.

As we venture into our second phase of the website we thought it might be a good idea to talk about the second phases of franchises. In other words Flick and Flack return in the sixth part to discuss their favorite movie sequels.

The Empire Strikes Back

Click on photo to hear podcast.

In part VII we continue talking, discussing, and arguing over our favorite movie sequels.

Citizen Kane

Click on photo to hear podcast.

It’s bittersweet. It’s all ended. We come to a close with the finale: our eighth part of this series where we finally discuss our all time favorite films.

And that’s all folks! Cheers to another 200 posts…… and beyond!

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Floodgap Roadgap

Roadgap Conventions, Glossary and Guidelines

[Photograph: Future I-710 at Union St in Pasadena (photographed May 2005).]

What the heck ... ?

I'll admit it: I get a little jargon-crazy, and if you're not well-versed in some of the quirks of the American (and Californian) highway system, or roadgeeking in general, you might need this little document to set the stage.

This legend is divided into the following sections:

Click the EXIT signs to return to the main page.
[Return to the main page]

Glossary (including terms and abbreviations I use)

Hopefully in alphabetical order. q.v. = quo vide (see also). Also, I use directional abbreviations frequently; NB = northbound, SB = southbound, and so on. Street and route abbreviations are more or less MUTCD (q.v.) standard: Fwy = freeway, Hwy = highway, Expwy = expressway, Ave = avenue, St = street, Rd = road, Cyn = canyon, Vly = valley.

Another good source of basic terminology is the misc.transport.road FAQ.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, responsible for national highway numbering, among other duties. Formerly AASHO.
The physical realization of a highway's routing (qq.v.), which is to say, the actual road itself. A routing may have multiple alignments if those earlier alignments have not been relinquished (q.v.).

I try hard not to use routing and alignment interchangeably, because they do not mean the same thing. However, the terms may blur for special administrative situations.

alternate route (ALT)
Alternative (often historical) alignment (q.v.) of a route to serve other areas, or to function as a bypass (q.v.) or safety valve during poor traffic conditions.
at-grade intersection
Intersection where there is no separation of traffic streams, i.e., no bridges or underpasses. At-grade intersections must be controlled with some sort of device, either stop signs or traffic lights. Compare with grade-separated interchanges. Strictly speaking, at-grade intersections shouldn't be called interchanges, but they often are (I make this mistake too).
After the Great Renumbering, a term I coined for route numbers established after the Great Renumbering (q.v.) in California. "ATGR" implies that the California route number or designation was different before the Great Renumbering for this alignment (q.v.). See also BTGR.
Circumferential route around a city. Probably the most famous is I-495 around Washington, DC (thus the expression inside the Beltway referring to federal government insiders). Compare with spur and bypass routes.
Before the Great Renumbering, a term I coined for route numbers established before the Great Renumbering (q.v.) in California. "BTGR" implies that the California route number or designation changed after the Great Renumbering for this alignment (q.v.).
business route, business loop (BR)
A route specifically designated for access to a city or town centre. Often business routes are former alignments (q.v.) of the mother route. In some cases, the business route may be an earlier highway replaced by a later one that now carries the business route (like old US 395 appearing as Business Route 15, with the new primary route being I-15).

Business routes appear in Roadgap with the abbreviation BR, or occasionally BL if explicitly designated as a Business Loop.

button copy
Today mostly associated with California, Connecticut and Arizona but actually used in a large number of states, button copy refers to special sign lettering with embedded reflective elements. Button copy was one method of complying with the MUTCD (q.v.) requirement for retroreflective sign lettering; older signs without these elements had them glued on, yielding an unsatisfactory result when grime would get spread over them by smog and rain. Nowadays, virtually every state is using reflective sign sheeting for new signage, including these three states, but there is still a lot of button copy out there on old or isolated roads.
bypass, bypass route (BYP)
A route branching off from a mother route to go around "pass by" a region, and rejoin it later. Bypass routes originating from Interstate highways (q.v.) are specially numbered with three-digit designations. Compare with loops, spurs and beltways.
Formally, the California Department of Transportation, but Caltrans is the official abbreviation (and typically used as a common reference). The term did not come into use until 1972, when Assembly Bill 69 consolidated the Department of Public Works and Aeronautics into the Department of Transportation (Caltrans) with six divisions (Transportation Planning, Highways, Mass Transportation, Aeronautics, Administrative Services, and Legal), replacing its former designation as the California Department of Public Works, Division of Highways.
California Highway Patrol.
Congressional High-Priority Corridor
In 1991, the US Congress passed the Intermodal Surface Transportation and Efficiency Act (ISTEA), designating 23 routes and corridors in the United States to be "high-priority" and potentially eligible for funds to facilitate the national highway infrastructure. This did not always mean Interstate highway (q.v.) construction, but did mean that special steps were to be taken to improve transport through the area as a national priority task, such as upgrading or widening of existing routes, in addition to formation or management of new Interstates and/or US and state highways (qq.v.). The ISTEA was followed by the National Highway System Designation Act (1995), the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century "TEA-21" (1998), and most recently, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2005 - A Legacy for Users "SAFETEA-LU" (2005). At the present time, there are 80 designated High Priority Corridors created by these four component acts.

control city
A likely destination of a particular route, signed on route signage to indicate direction by location (e.g., "SOUTH I-5 San Diego"). This yields concurrency and continuity in navigation. The MUTCD (q.v.) determines the list for national highways, although states may have their own internal lists for state routes.
controlled access
A road that does not have automatic right-of-way granted to owners of abutting properties. For example, you can't build a driveway directly onto such a road, although you could from a non-controlled road that this one intersects. Exactly what property owners can and can't do is, of course, codified by state law, but the Interstate (q.v.) highway system specifies its own requirements. Controlled access is inconvenient to property owners, but necessary to avoid accidents with traffic not moving at uniform speeds (such as traffic slowing down to turn into your driveway), and as such is part of the necessary definition of higher speed alignments (q.v.) such as expressways (q.v.) and freeways (q.v.). In many states, controlled access highways are marked with signs at the limit of the controlled access easement. These range from formal warnings to simply posts.
county highway, county route
[County route shield.] Minor local highway maintained by the county. Some may be former alignments (q.v.) of old routes since relinquished (q.v.). The quality of these roads and their suitability to through travel can sometimes vary widely from questionably improved dirt road to, in some extraordinary cases, full freeway (q.v.). Not all counties have county routes.

The pentagonal shape and approximate gold on blue/purple/indigo colour scheme is fairly uniform nationwide (and is in fact an MUTCD [q.v.] standard), though its exact design and layout may vary.

With the exception of California, Iowa and Wisconsin, county routes in the United States use a county-assigned number. California and Iowa, however, assign a county-dependent letter code and a number, and in Wisconsin, typical county routes are eschewed in favour of lettered historic county trunk highways (q.v.). Counties may also have secondary county routes; typically, these are unmarked and the distinction is purely a legislative one, but some counties mark them for historical reasons with their own local markers (such as the Lassen county secondary county route system in California). Rarely, county routes will carry business route or loop (qq.v.) alignments, such as portions of BR 395 in Ridgecrest, California.

county trunk highway
[Wisconsin county trunk highway.] Specific to Wisconsin; distinct from trunk roads and trunk highways (qq.v.). County trunk highways in Wisconsin were formally established in 1925, although many had been in development without official support as far back as 1918 as a result of 1907 legislation providing funding for county road improvement. They are most distinctive for their "numbering" system, which is actually done using letters, and may be up to three letters in length. County trunk highway designations are standardized across counties, and county trunk highway boards are responsible for maintaining their signed continuity.

Missouri has lettered highways too, but these are actually state routes, not county routes!

Compare with county route, which is their functional equivalent in other states.

divided highway
See dual-carriageway.
Term indicating that groups of lanes travelling in different directions are physically separated into two streams, not just with painted lines. Medians (q.v.) and Jersey curbs (q.v.) are some methods of separation.
exit numbers
Method of tagging exits with a unique numerical identifier as an aid to the motorist. Usually, this is the milepoint, with suffixes (A, B, C, ...) for multiple exits within the same mile. Some states use purely sequential numbering for exit numbers, but as the growing practise is to use distance this usage is disappearing and many states have converted their numbers. Yes, there are exit 0's in many states even though the MUTCD (q.v.) does not encourage this.

Not all highways in a state may have exit numbers, even when true freeway-standard (q.v.) (example: Texas).

The last state holdout on exit numbers numbers was California, having obtained a waiver in 1971 due to the expense of converting signage, although they are now (as of this writing) being introduced and signed. This process, unfortunately, is being done in many cases by replacing signs entirely thus causing a great amount of sign history to be lost; some signs were up for decades before their destruction under this plan. California's original deadline to complete conversion was November 2008, but while exit numbers are officially on the books in many places, many of them are still not signed.

A limited-access divided highway, which is to say, a road that does not have automatic right-of-way granted to owners of abutting properties (see controlled access) and has lanes travelling in different directions physically separated (see dual-carriageway). Intersections may or may not be grade-separated (q.v.). Compare with highway and freeway. All expressways are highways, but not vice versa. Similarly, the terms freeway and expressway are not synonymous.
Federal highway
[US highway shield.] See US highway.
Federal Highway Administration
USA federal agency responsible for oversight of the national highway infrastructure and determining standards and funding. The FHWA is a branch of the federal Department of Transportation.
See Federal Highway Administration. (The acronym is not FHA -- that's the Federal Housing Administration.)
Forest highway
[Forest highway shield.] A Forest highway, or National Forest route, refers to the highest level of road maintained in a US National Forest. Many times these are through roads, especially when they are routed over existing US highways or state highways (qq.v.), and often are paved. All such roads have a number, though this number is usually suppressed when co-routed with an existing highway; for routes not otherwise designated, the number is often (but not always) signed with the brown trapezoidal shield at left. All primary Forest highway numbers are two- or three-digit, and numbers are not unique nationally and may be repeated in separate forests. Their single purpose is to facilitate trunk-line access to the forest for recreational and commercial functions. For that reason, although many of them are through routes, many are not.

Although Forest highways are funded by the federal government and notionally run on federal land, states and local governments may handle their maintenance and thus routes that are existing US or state highways remain such (whereas within a National Park a US or state highway is not state highway, instead being maintained as a federal road; this is why US 20 is longer than US 6 but US 6 has more continuous miles, even though US 20 is connected through Yellowstone National Park -- the road which connects the two parts of US 20 is not, in fact, part of US 20).

Below the Forest highway level are various secondary routes. These rarely use the standard shield and may not be signed at all (when they are, they usually use four digits on a smaller rectangular shield). Although maintained to lower standards than primary Forest highways, they are still generally suitable for most low-clearance passenger traffic as long as care is taken. A tertiary set of routes are generally marked on maps only and in the field rarely, and are intended only for high-clearance vehicles and professional forest equipment. The specifics of these secondary and tertiary numbering systems may vary wildly from forest to forest.

Incidentally, Interstate highways (q.v.) are not considered Forest highways, even when they cross National Forests, because their controlled access (q.v.) restrictions effectively prohibit them from serving the purpose of a Forest highway (i.e., increased access to the forest). However, they may furnish access to non-controlled-access routings, and these might be.

Forest highways appear in Roadgap with the prefix FH.

A limited-access divided highway with grade-separated interchanges, which is to say, a road that does not have automatic right-of-way granted to owners of abutting properties (see controlled access), has lanes travelling in different directions physically separated (see dual-carriageway), and has interchanges with ramps or other devices to isolate traffic streams (i.e., no traffic signals or cross-traffic of any kind; see grade-separated interchanges). Compare with highway; all freeways are highways, but not vice versa. Also compare with expressway; all freeways are also expressways, but not vice versa. Finally, also compare with motorway.

Virtually all Interstate highways (q.v.) are freeways, except for rare specific exceptions.

A Super 2 is a special case of freeway where there is only a single lane each direction with no physical separation between the two (except for painted lines, of course, which don't count), but has all the other attributes of a freeway, including fully grade-separated interchanges. Analogously, there are also Super 4s.

grade-separated interchange/intersection
Interchanges with ramps or connectors to isolate different traffic streams so that conflicts are minimized. With few notable exceptions, all US Interstate interchanges are grade-separated. Compare with at-grade intersections.
Great Renumbering, The
[US 101 Alternate is replaced by CA 1, as shown on the cover of California Highways and Public Works in 1964.] I use the term Great Renumbering to apply to any large-scale shift in a state numbering system, but the original "The Great Renumbering" is a term I coined for the events of 1 July 1964 on which a massive shift in numbering occurred in California. Prior to this, California had two separate numbering systems, the internal Legislative Route Number (q.v.) or LRN system, and the actual signed number. LRNs did not necessarily correlate with any one routing (q.v.), or even an alignment (q.v.) of a specific routing, and several routes could share an LRN; there were even many LRNs that never had highways routed on them. Furthermore, excessive amounts of route multiplexing (q.v.) as more and more route numbers were assigned -- particularly US, Interstate and even state highways (qq.v.) which might all share a single alignment -- yielded tremendous motorist confusion. At one time, for example, what is now signed I-215 through San Bernardino, CA was signed I-15, US 91, US 395 and CA 18 all at the same time!

Legislation introduced 20 September 1963 sought to remedy both issues before they snowballed, introducing four important dicta: 1) no more LRNs -- the legislative route number of a highway shall be the same as its signed number; 2) "one number equals one highway," i.e., do away with multiplexes wherever possible; 3) no duplicate numbers, e.g., no US highways or state highways having the same number as an Interstate; and 4) since LRNs were now gone, a new internal accounting method based on postmiles (q.v.) was to be established. This was combined with an AASHTO (q.v.) policy to prevent the proliferation of US highways -- routes under 300 miles entirely in one state are no longer to be US highways -- and the large amount of new Interstate with duplicate numbering being built to generate a huge cascade of numbering changes. These changes became effective on 1 July 1964, hence the official date of the Great Renumbering.

Here's an example that illustrates these principles at work, using US 60, US 70 and US 99; I've simplified this a little bit but the general idea is the same. These routes often ran multiplexed with each other historically (sometimes all three together simultaneously), and the area in which they ran was also to be the site of the future Interstate 10. As multiplexes were verboten, a single mother route was selected, in this case I-10 as it was to yield the most advantages for transportation. This decision had a cascade of consequences. First, because US 70 was never signed by itself in California, only ever with US 60, US 99 or both, it suddenly ceased to exist in the state (no multiplexes). Furthermore, as the only portion that remained solely US 60 had been now reduced to a short stub between Los Angeles and eastern Riverside county, it could no longer be US 60 (AASHTO policy on US highways), but as it was still state road, it became CA 60. Moreover, this left portions that were solely US 99 split up in pieces, none of them large enough and thus eligible to stay US highway either because of I-5 encroaching on US 99 as well. The biggest portion of US 99 became CA 99, but the other pieces were still state roads too, just without routings, so they were assigned to various different and sometimes totally new routes (including CA 86 and others) because numbers could not be duplicated.

Predictably, this had its biggest effect on US highways both because of the preference for Interstate highways where the two ran together or nearby, and because of the aforementioned AASHTO policy governing their routing standards. This caused US 6, US 50, and US 101 to be shortened, and US 40, US 60, US 66, US 70, US 80, US 91, US 99, US 101A (US 101 Alternate), US 299, US 399 and US 466 to be totally obliterated as US highways in California. Some of these routes eventually faded completely nationwide, such as US 66. (US 48 was long gone, earlier absorbed into US 50.) However, signage for these routes remained for some time as an aid to motorists even though the routes themselves were now defunct. I use the acronym "BTGR" (q.v.) to refer to a route number as it existed Before The Great Renumbering, and "ATGR" (q.v.) to refer to the route number (if any) a particular alignment of the old route carried After The Great Renumbering.

US 95, US 97, US 199 and US 395 survived this threshing virtually intact, although US 395 would be shortened for other reasons in 1969. Casey Cooper talks about the 1964 highway renumbering, as he refers to it, in great detail.

I give California's numbering shift special attention not only for it being my home state, but also because it eliminated or significantly altered years of highway history and many venerable national routes in one cascading legislative spasm. In fact, I venture to say that no state renumbering shift has had as large an effect on American national highways; naturally, other states have had their own notable shifts in numbering, but these changes have primarily been limited to state route numbers instead and thus were more parochial in impact. As an example, in 1976 (and consummated by 1978), Nevada changed almost every state route number into a three-tier grouped system organized by county, all routes having three digits. Only four exceptions (NV 28, 88, 140 and 266) maintained their numbers after the shift, as did dirt routes NV 8A and NV 34; this process was complete by 1980. Note that this did not affect Interstates or US routes, nor did Washington state's shift in 1964/1970 from purely numeric primary routes and suffixed secondary routes to the present state highway numbering system, nor did the 1930's Maine Great Renumbering.

In my usage, a designated conduit between points that has official recognition and/or funding for its maintenance, signage and existence. I use route and highway interchangeably for the purposes of this site, although shades of meaning may colour its use elsewhere. A highway need not be a freeway, or even an expressway (qq.v.), although both groups are necessarily highways.
High-Priority Corridor
See Congressional High-Priority Corridor.
High Occupancy Vehicle, pretty much meaning carpool. Usually referring to specific lanes designated for carpools only. In California, two people constitute a carpool except where otherwise indicated.
Interstate highways
[Interstate route shield.] The national Interstate system, or the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, was enacted in 1956 and is now the top-tier United States national highway network. It was created for three distinct purposes: 1) to connect principal metropolitan areas in as direct as fashion as possible; 2) to serve the national defense; and 3) to connect to suitable border crossings where possible. Its combined component acts yield a mileage limit of 43,000 miles; routes that are part of the 43,000 miles and receive funding (under the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1944 and subsequent acts) are called "chargeable." There is also "non-chargeable" Interstate, which indicates additional routes (possibly built with some percentage of federal funding) built to Interstate standards and bearing an Interstate shield for logistic or continuity reasons, but not counting towards the 43,000 mile cap.

With a very few notable exceptions, all routes signed as Interstate, even non-chargeable mileage, must meet certain requirements: complete control of access (see controlled access, essentially freeway [q.v.] grade), minimums for travel lane and shoulder size, and minimum design speeds. Under present federal law (specifically the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act [ISTEA] of 1991, in 23 USC 103), funds are provided for construction, maintenance and (where it does not change capacity) reconstruction. This funding structure is quite different from the US highway system (q.v.), which has since been relegated to second-tier.

Interstates usually have two digit numbers; three digits indicates a diversion from a mother route, either a loop bypass or beltway (qq.v.) (first digit even) or a spur (q.v.) (first digit odd). Although even routes run E-W and odd routes N-S, just like US highways, numbers increase going northeast. Major N-S routes end in 5, not 1, and while numbers ending in 0 are significant E-W routes, they are not necessarily transcontinental like US routes are (or, depending on alignment changes, historically were). Thus, I-95 runs border-to-border on the East coast while I-5 runs border-to-border on the West, and I-10 runs cross country south of I-80. These rules have remained consistent for a great many Interstates, but there are a couple of oddballs; probably the most egregious numbering exception is the rancorous I-99, which was numbered in stone law without regard to existing convention by idiot Rep. Bud Shuster (R-Pennsylvania) -- another reason why politicians suck. Despite being isolated, Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico have Interstates, too. The Federal Highway Administration (q.v.) has administrative oversight over Interstate highways, and has an excellent summary of Interstate history, regulations and present routes. Interstate highways are all part of, but not synonymous with, the National Highway System (q.v.), and are not the same as the New England Interstate highway system (q.v.).

The very observant will have noticed there is (intentionally) no Interstate 50, or for that matter, Interstate 60. Some thought about where these might run and what they would conflict with should reveal the reason. (Hint: what nationwide routes would be running in the same place due to their particular numbering system?)

Interstate highways appear in Roadgap with the prefix I-. Texas DOT abbreviates them as IH.

Jersey curb
Standard concrete divider with a thick tapered base and thinner top. This is in lots of states, not just New Jersey. This is one method of achieving a dual-carriageway (q.v.) configuration. Compare with median and K-rail.
Temporary movable tapered concrete barriers resembling Jersey curb (q.v.), but in fixed stock lengths and often chained or bolted together. Frequently painted white. See Jersey curb.
Legislative Route Number (LRN)
Specific to California and indicates the old internal number for a particular portion of alignment, which did not in general correspond with the sign it carried (if it carried one at all). LRNs were used to denote the earliest system of state roads in California, but the initial signage of state routes in 1934 did not correspond to them and this set up a snowball of confusion over the next several decades. As a result, the old system of LRNs and stations was mercifully destroyed as part of the Great Renumbering and replaced by Caltrans' system of postmiles (q.v.). Compare with Oregon Highway numbers.

Since LRNs are obsolete, I do not use them much except for historical reasons. When they do appear in Roadgap, I use the prefix LRN.

limited access
See controlled access.
loop, loop route
Special case of a bypass (q.v.) where the route is specifically declared to branch out and then return. Sometimes used interchangeably for bypass.
Undeveloped strip, sometimes with landscaping or guard rails but often just plain dirt or raised concrete, physically separating groups of traffic lines in different directions. One method of achieving a dual-carriageway (q.v.) configuration. Compare with Jersey curb.
See mileposts.
[MUTCD standard milepost.] Officially reference location signs, USA mileposts utilize the MUTCD (q.v.) standard for marking distance along a signed route using white on green markers on the roadside, designed as part internal accounting and part motorist guidance. Although this post shows an integer mile count, fractional counts and even kilometre counts are permitted by the MUTCD milepost standard. Compare with postmiles.

Most states use MUTCD mileposts on both Interstates and their regular state routes, and many municipalities will even use them on county roads. A significant number of states use MUTCD mileposts with "augmentation" such as printing the route number (Georgia [sometimes], New Mexico, Colorado [sometimes] ...), or may use non-standard mileposts that still act in the same function that a regular milepost would (New York's white Interstate tenth-mile markers, Pennsylvania's green tenth-mile markers, Indiana's blue mile markers, the common blue highway/direction/tenth-mile markers on Interstates in several states [Indiana, Ohio, ...], ...). These may deviate significantly from the MUTCD standard in appearance but because they still track total mileage within a state as mandated by the standard, I call them mileposts and not postmiles (q.v.).

Kilometre "mileposts" are in the field, by the way. One example is I-19 from Tucson, AZ to the Mexican border; even the exit numbering (q.v.) is in kilometres.

Mileposts in other countries are quite fascinating and sometimes ornate, depending on the age of the road. Some even act as primitive distance signage, indicating the next city or province and distance to it.

A specific milepost point is indicated in Roadgap with the notation Mile.

In the United States, this is a rarely-used term which is functionally synonymous with freeway (q.v.). In other countries, however, the term motorway either almost totally replaces the term freeway in parlance (example: New Zealand); or refers specifically to urban freeways; or (example: Australia) refers to urban freeways with a specific route number which are often toll roads (thus contrasted against freeways which are, obviously, free).
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, specifying how signage is to be designed and displayed. It is maintained by the Federal Highway Administration (q.v.). States may have their own such standards; some may deviate significantly from national practise (California being the most notorious).
Unofficial term referring to multiple routes being signed over the same alignment (q.v.).
National Forest highway
[Forest highway shield.] See Forest highway.
National Highway System
This is not synonymous with either the US highway (q.v.) system or the Interstate highway (q.v.) system, but specifically refers to all roads in the United States that receive special federal funding. All Interstate highways are necessarily part of the National Highway System because of their federal funding structure, but only a subset of US routes. Furthermore, the National Highway System also includes some state routes, and even some city-maintained roads.

New England Interstate highway system
[New England interstate shields.] Not to be confused with the modern-day Interstate highway system (q.v.), the New England Interstate Highway system emerged in 1922 after an agreement between Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire for a consistent numbering and marking system to replace the confusing local signage then in use. Under the new formalized numbering system, all routes were to be signed with a distinctive black and yellow sign (shown at left; the white border is only to demonstrate the edges) with numbering for interstate routes to be determined by consensus and less than 100, and routes purely within a single state to be determined locally (duplicates were permitted) with a route number above 100. Unlike US highways (q.v.) and the modern Interstate highway system, N-S routes were evenly numbered and E-W routes numbered odd, although this rule was only loosely followed. New York state also eventually joined the system for certain routes east of the Hudson River, although it did not follow the numbering system very religiously either.

At its peak, the NEI highway system comprised 35 distinct routes, including suffixed alternate alignments, with its longest being NEI 1 stretching from New York City through Providence, RI, Boston, MA, and Bangor, ME to Calais, ME for a length of 617 miles. However, within just four years, the US highway system (q.v.) would be inaugurated and upon its legislative birth in 1926, the New England Interstate system was scrapped. Many of the NEI highway alignments were merged into the new US highway system, but had to be re-numbered as the numbering systems were not in general compatible; the only one that kept its designation was multi-state NEI 1, most of which became US 1 (and portions later US 1A). Of those that did not become US highway, many reverted to state highway instead and as such continue to carry their original numbers to this day.

New England Interstate routes appear in Roadgap with the prefix NEI.

Oregon Highway System (Oregon Highway number, OH)
Specific to Oregon. Similar to the analogous system with California's Legislative Route Numbers (LRN, q.v.), Oregon initially determined a method of accounting for state highway mileage using highway numbers and names during the earliest allocation of state roads. When the Federal highway system (q.v.) emerged in 1926, the potential for numbering conflict was enough of a concern to create a parallel system of numbering, or the Oregon Route System. The Oregon Route number is what appears on signs and maps, while the original OH number and name is still used internally by Oregon DOT (ODOT) for accounting purposes. Unlike California's situation, the system in Oregon has never gotten congested or confusing enough to change it and thus it has persisted to the present day. Compare with Legislative Route Number.

For highways in Oregon, I try to report the OH number and/or name for the highway under study and, non-exhaustively, any other intersecting routes that are relevant to the discussion. When they do appear in Roadgap, as with convention on other Oregon roadgeek sites and the ODOT, I generally use the format OH #number and the route name in parentheses [example: OH #48 (John Day-Burns Hwy), which is part of US 395].

Oregon Route System
See Oregon Highway system.
postmiles (PM)
Postmiles, in my parlance, refers to any state-specific method of mileage accounting that differs from the MUTCD (q.v.) standard, as opposed to mileposts (q.v.). That is to say, a type of milemarker that does not track miles using the state line as an origin or terminus point, instead using some sort of intra-state boundary such as (typically) county, or (less commonly) city or township. Most postmiles minimally carry the route number and a mileage count; many carry the resident county or region, which may be encoded, and some carry a route designation as well. Unlike MUTCD mileposts, postmiles are usually not intended for motorist guidance.

Please note that this is just my personal terminology; Caltrans is the only department that actually calls them postmiles officially.

The archetype postmile user is California, which just about exclusively uses postmiles on all highways, expressways and freeways. California postmiles track their enclosing county and reset their mile count at county borders (as opposed to MUTCD mileposts which do so at state boundaries), increase their count going north and east, and have tag letters indicating special circumstances that may affect the count (realignment, overlapping, etc.). Mileage counts may be fractional. These most often appear on black-on-white signs on the side of the road, but also appear on callboxes, lightposts and bridge signs. Daniel Faigin explains the postmile system in more detail. While California flirted with using MUTCD mileposts, their presence on California highways is considered a curiosity. The postmile system in California was established as part of the laws behind the Great Renumbering (q.v.), so they are not useful for tracing routes that were completely obliterated by that particular legislative action.

Nevada reformed their milemarkers to be much like California's during the 1970s, although unlike California, they do not use their postmiles exclusively. Besides the route number, Nevada postmiles carry a route designator (US or SR for Federal highway (q.v.) or state highway (q.v.) respectively), a county code, and generally an integer mileage count although fractional counts are also seen. Like California's, Nevada postmiles appear on small black-on-white roadside signs, and also increase their count going north and east. There is a class of Nevada postmiles for Interstate routes with the designator IR, but these are almost always accompanied by MUTCD mileposts and are not consistently seen on all Interstate alignments. There are also special classes for state roads that are not necessarily highways, such as FR for frontage roads, SP for state park roads, ER for escape ramps, AR for access roads and RP for 'roadside parking' such as lookouts and inspection stations.

New York uses a postmile-like marker affectionally referred to as a "Little Green Sign" but officially called reference markers by NYSDOT. RMs have a route number (with suffix if present), a region code, and a county count instead of county code referring to the number of times it crosses a county line; what makes RMs count as postmiles by my criteria is the fact that route distance resets at county lines and the markers also track city line crossings. These markers appear on all state routes, in addition to a white marker seen on Interstates that function like MUTCD mileposts but in tenths, and regular MUTCD mileposts. See this discussion on the NYS Reference Marker system.

A number of states don't have any kind of mileage posting on their non-Interstate highways (Maine, Virginia, Massachusetts, ...), which I suppose could be considered invisible postmiles of a sort ... ?

A specific postmile point is indicated in Roadgap with the prefix PM.

radial, radial route
A special case of a spur (q.v.) that radiates out from a central point, usually a city centre or downtown district.
reference location sign
See mileposts.
reference marker
See postmiles.
The process of returning an alignment (q.v.) back to the locality it runs through and decommissioning it as state or federal highway. This does not necessarily mean that the routing (q.v.) of that route is defunct, merely the particular alignment in question.
A person with brains who can read maps, and recognizes roads for the fountain of history they are. Male roadgeeks are amazingly studly, too. Just ask us.
See highway.
The idealized definition of a particular highway (q.v.), i.e., where law or regulation says the road is supposed to go. However, a routing may or may not have a corresponding alignment (q.v.) extant, especially if the road hasn't even been built yet, or may have multiple alignments where the older one has not yet been relinquished (q.v.). These situations notwithstanding, however, every highway must have a current routing to be considered a highway.

I try hard not to use routing and alignment interchangeably, because they do not mean the same thing. However, the terms may blur for special administrative situations.

spur, spur route
A route branching off from a mother route that does not return to it. Spurs originating from US federal and Interstate highways (qq.v.) are specially numbered with three-digit designations. Compare with bypass and radial route.
state highway
[California state route shield.] A highway whose primary funding and maintenance are provided by the state. State route numbers are determined by the department of transportation in that state, as well as the shields they will use. In some countries (e.g., Australia prior to the new alphanumeric signage), the state highway shield is standardized between states. This shield type (a stylized miner's spade) is used in California.

American state routes appear in Roadgap with the postal abbreviation of their state (e.g., Maine would be ME). For international state highways, please refer to the blurb for that particular exhibit. For generic state routes, I often use the abbreviation SR.

Super 2
See freeway.
trunk road, trunk highway
Not to be confused with county trunk highway (q.v.). A trunk road simply refers classically to any major thoroughfare, be it highway, expressway or freeway (qq.v.), and in some USA states was part of the original language establishing state highway systems. Nowadays in the United States this term is considered outmoded and rarely heard, but it is still used in Europe (particularly the United Kingdom).
United States Numbered Highway System
See US highway.
US highway
[US federal highway shield.] The United States Numbered Highway System, sometimes referred to as the Federal Highway System, was the first national road network as proposed in 1924 by AASHTO (q.v.), designed as navigation aids to motorists and to be no more than 3% of the total certified rural miles in a state. It was formally enacted in 1926, although not all states were signed at that time (for example, California did not have signed US highways until 1928), and not all routes were designated at that time either. The preeminence of the US highways was tarnished in these modern times by the Interstate system (q.v.), which took the US highways' place as the primary national road network, but many US routes remain important national arterials and co-exist or co-route with Interstate highways in many areas.

The distinctive white shield went through several revisions before the ones shown here. The top is the classic cutout shield in its modern incarnation, which remains in use in California (Virginia used similar cutouts until relatively lately, and they still survive in the field, but California is the only state to still specify cutouts in their state MUTCD [q.v.]). The bottom one is the MUTCD (q.v.) standard now used in most states, printed on a black square blank (the edges are exaggerated here) with a simpler shield design. Personally, I think the MUTCD US highway shields are quite dull and I think states should switch back to the fancier cutouts, as befits these venerable roads.

US highways are numbered on a grid system, odd being N-S and even being E-W, and the lowest numbers occuring in the northeast increasing to the southwest. Route numbers ending in 0 were designated as E-W transcontinental routes, and 1 as N-S "border to border" (thus US 1 on the East coast, and US 101 on the West, although this was more of a general principle [for example, old US 91 had no South border crossing, but did go to Los Angeles; similarly, US 101 never went to Canada, although it does terminate somewhere near it in Olympia, WA]). US 50, thus, is more or less in the middle. With the exception of US 101, three-digit US routes were numbered as spurs (q.v.) off a main two-digit route (e.g. US 202), although the even/odd rule regarding direction was not a requirement of these spurs, and sometimes there was only an indirect connection to the alleged mother route (for example, US 491 -- old US 666 -- never directly intersects US 91, its putative mother highway, but it does intersect US 191, which is a true spur). As US routes were winnowed after the rise of the Interstates, sometimes only the spurs remained (e.g., US 199). Certain classes of three-digit US highways ("3dus") do not have a putative parent, such as US 400, US 412 and US 425, and several highways were later renumbered in apparently abject disregard for the system (e.g., US 163).

Presently, AASHTO recommends that routes solely in one state under 300 miles be eliminated as US highways. Although a recommendation only, this stipulation was widely applied and would be a large contributor to the Great Renumbering (q.v.) in California.

Unlike Interstate highways, US highways are simply special cases of state highways (q.v.) with a different sign and a national grid number. This makes their designation as federal highways a bit of a misnomer; although they may have been constructed with some amount of federal aid, only a subset of US highways remain part of the nationally funded National Highway System (q.v.) and therefore in general their maintenance is paid for by the state they run within. US highways need not be freeways (also unlike Interstates), or even expressways.

US highways appear in Roadgap with the prefix US.

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Content layout and fair use guidelines used

Fair use guidelines
Some copyrighted material appears on Roadgap that is not my own, particularly maps. In all cases, I have tried to reasonably balance fair use under international copyright law with the rights of the copyright holder.

For maps, this means: 1) no complete scans of any one entire map, nor the full release of portions that could be assembled to create any one entire map; 2) watermarking to prevent redistribution, while not obscuring relevant information; 3) no use of any maps presently in press, presently sold by the copyright holder, or less than five years old; and 4) clear designation of the actual copyright holder, where known, either in the accompanying text or labeled on the image itself.

For still and archival photography, this means: 1) no use of photographs that are specifically not permitted for redistribution; 2) no alteration of content, other than cropping or labeling for clarity; and 3) clear designation of the actual copyright holder, where known, either in the accompanying text or labeled on the image itself.

For still video or movie frames, this means: 1) still frames only, without use of audio or animation; 2) no alteration of content, other than cropping or labeling for clarity; 3) clear designation of the movie or show from which it originates, either in the accompanying text or labeled on the image itself; and 4) clear designation of the actual copyright holder, where known, either in the accompanying text or labeled on the image itself.

For copyright holders who notice their material used here, I hope this convinces you of my attempt to exercise fair use rights under copyright law to use it as educational aids for readers of this site, yet still respect your rights as the copyright holder. Nevertheless, if you have specific concerns over a use of your copyrighted material, please direct your questions to webmaster@floodgap.com. I reserve the right to request authenticated proof of copyright ownership.

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I have tried to use standard ways of handling my own content, and the content I have added to the site from other sources, particularly with respect to supplemental photographs.

In each exhibit is an introductory blurb, followed by two columns: a set of photograph thumbnails in the left column, with captions in grey boxes to the right.

The introductory blurb discusses general background and history for the route or exhibit being presented. Supplemental material, including maps and photographs, may be used in the blurb. Many routes contain schematic routings I drew specifically for purposes of illustration, which may be slightly exaggerated or not to true scale for emphasis. The sources of the supplemental material(s), if any, are designated in accordance with the fair use guidelines I have established if they are not my own work.

In the columnar photography section, all photographs appearing in the left column thumbnail list are entirely my own, and constitute the official portion of the photoessays.

In the columnar photography section, the captions appearing to the right are entirely written and researched by me. Supplemental material, including maps and photographs, may appear to the extreme right within the caption boxes or in interstital blurbs (also written by me) between them. In addition, photographs I have taken for purely supplemental purposes that for reasons of clarity, continuity or aesthetics were not included in the main photoessay, but may yield additional information on a particular picture, are also included. The sources of the supplemental material(s), if any, are designated in accordance with the fair use guidelines I have established if they are not my own work.

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Florida Schools

More Info coming soon!

LOGO: School ZonesOur team works in all the main Central Florida Counties and often we find well educated buyers are seeking a home within certain school districts in Florida. This is why we created a fast and easy way to start your home search when this is the case.

In Florida, each county operates their own school district and in that district each school is composed of residents which live in a specific school zone.  On occasion, these zones are updated or changed and we work hard to ensure our lists are as accurate as possible.  There are other ways to verify school zones, but rarely one location that allows a free and unrestricted search based on these zones... and so, we hope this helps!

If you are considering multiple Florida schools, you may benefit by visiting the Florida Department of Eduction Website for School Report Cards

Choose A Florida County School District

LOGO: Orange County Public Schools

Orange County Public Schools

Includes: Orlando, Ocoee, Gotha, Belle Isle, Winter Park, Winter Garden, Windermere, Apopka, Maitland, Eatonville, Bithlo, Christmas,

LOGO: Seminole County Public Schools

Seminole County Public Schools

Includes: Sanford, Longwood, Heathrow, Oviedo, Casselberry, Chuluota, Lake Mary, Winter Springs, Altamonte Springs and Geneva

LOGO: Brevard County Public Schools

Brevard County Public Schools

Includes: Melbourne, Cocoa Beach, Cocoa, Cape Canaveral, Mims, Palm Bay, Melbourne Beach, Port Saint John, Titusville, Rockledge, Indialantic, Indian Harbour Beach, Viera, Merritt Island, and West Melbourne

LOGO: Lake County Public Schools

Lake County Public Schools

Includes: Clermont, Leesburg, Mount Dora, Tavares, Eustis, Minneola, Lady Lake, Groveland, Umatilla, Sorrento, Mascotte, Howey-in-the-Hills, Astatula, Montverde, Grand Island, Altoona,


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Thursday, November 17, 2011

Order Merely Granting Motion To Dismiss Is Not Appealable

In Munguia v. Miami-Dade County School Board (3D11-2566), the Third District denied a motion to dismiss and again stated the rule that an order that merely grants a motion to dismiss is not appealable. The opinion stated:
The lower court order of July 16, 2009, which merely 'granted' a motion to dismiss, was not an appealable final judgment, see Gries Inv. Co. v. Chelton, 388 So. 2d 1281, 1282 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Donnell v. Indus. Fire & Cas. Co., 378 So. 2d 1344, 1346 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), so an earlier appeal from that order was properly dismissed. Because the present appeal was timely taken from the judgment of September 1, 2011, which actually dismissed the case and was therefore the first appealable order entered below, the appellees’ motion to dismiss is not well taken.
[emphasis is mine].

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Florida Marine Customs is a Certified Installer of SeaDek® in the state of Florida. Durable and shock absorbent, SeaDek® provides not only an exceptional traction surface but also lessens the fatigue brought on by prolonged standing and working on hard decking and platforms. SeaDek® also protects your deck from scratching, chipping and dents. Fishermen will appreciate SeaDek’s® noise reducing qualities. This is a nonabsorbent, closed cell PE/EVA blended material specifically formulated for marine applications. Sports & commercial fishing, flats boats, sailboats, ski boats, commercial marine, house boat, personal water craft, platforms and steps are just a few of the unlimited applications for SeaDek® Non-Skid Marine Traction.

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8 steps of the process to installing SeaDek® from beginning to end.

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Not every boat is the same, so we need to have our Certified Installer scan every inch of the areas you want SeaDek® installed.

Email Design Over

The 3rd step is we email you proof of the layout in an email of the pads and pattern as will look on your boat or vehicle.

SeaDek Is Custom Cut

The 4th step is your new high end soft marine floor gets cut to the precise dimensions.

The Area Is Cleaned

The 5th step is we clean the surface of the floor completely before installing so the material adheres properly.

SeaDek® Is Installed

The 6th step is we install SeaDek® to the specific areas that were requested.

SeaDek® Is Installed

The final step 7, we go over everything again. Our certified installers will double and triple check the material has the best possible adhesion to the surface.

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Step 8 is, that you are completely satisfied with the installation and Have Fun!!!!

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-Exceptional traction even when wet- -Unparalleled comfort when standing, walking or leaning on boat surfaces- -Shock absorption, which decreases fatigue- -Protection for boat surfaces against scratches, chips and dents- -Noise reduction characteristics (ideal for fishermen)

For custom products, find a SeaDek® Certified Fabricator or Installer near you!

With an expanding network covering North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East; it's never been easier to have a SeaDek® professional take your project from start to finish. SeaDek Certified Fabricators are factory trained to specialize in the entire SeaDek® process. They create digital patterns for boats, create CAD drawings, cut SeaDek® PE/EVA material using CNC technology, and install the finished products. Working directly with the factory or a Certified Fabricator, SeaDek® Certified Installers are factory trained to capture boat patterns and install finished products. All SeaDek® products obtained through Certified Fabricators and Installers are manufactured using genuine SeaDek® PE/EVA foam, and are installed with our pressure sensitive adhesive, which is applied and inspected at the SeaDek® factory in Rockledge, Florida. All SeaDek® Certified Fabricators and Installers can be located via SeaDek's Interactive Map or by downloading the Certified Fabricator and Installer Directory.

SeaDek® can be tailored to fit a wide variety of application on just about any type of boat, including: sports & commercial fishing boats, flats boats, sailboats, ski boats, commercial marine craft, house boats, personal water craft, towboats and more.

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Titan women fall short against Gulf Coast

Michael Parsons
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The Eastern Florida State College women’s basketball team gave No. 3 Gulf Coast State everything it could handle Saturday afternoon at the Titan Classic.

The Titans had a chance in the final seconds to pull off the upset, but could not get a shot off, falling 63-60 in front of an energetic crowd at Titan Field House.

“The take away for me there’s not a team in the country we can’t play with,” Eastern Florida women’s basketball coach Jim Grimes said. “I feel fine. They’re bigger, faster, stronger and we guarded them very, very well. Learn, get better every day. We lost three games this week but I thought we got better each game. Hopefully that’s a sign of things to come.”

A big second quarter by Eastern Florida had them go to the locker room feeling good, up 32-26. But Gulf Coast went on a run behind sophomore Audrey-Ann Caron Goudreau. The 6-foot-5 center and University of Texas commit scored 12 of her 19 points in the third quarter as Gulf Coast held a 48-44 lead heading to the fourth quarter.

The Titans would not give up and big shots by sophomores Nene Johnson and Paola Vazquez brought them even at 60-60 with 19 seconds remaining.

Gulf Coast freshman Amanda Paschal scored with 3.8 seconds to play making it 62-60 and the Titans could not get a shot off to try and win or force overtime.

“We had a shot at the end, it looked like it was going to be an open three. They’re (Gulf Coast) really, really good and they made plays when they needed to, they made one more than we did,” Grimes said. “Again, like I’ve said before I think we’re playing the toughest schedule in the country. I think we learned obviously in a week’s time. We’ve learned a lot.”

It marked the fifth straight loss for Eastern Florida who will host Victoria Country of Australia’s U-18 team on Monday night.

The five losses in the Titan streak have been to Northwest Florida, Gulf Coast twice, the College of Central Florida and defending national champion Chipola College, all which are ranked in the top seven in the state and were either ranked in the national pre-season poll or are ranked in the current national poll.

In the first game of the day Chipola defeated the College of Central Florida 66-54, once again finishing strong, breaking open a close game in the final four minutes of the contest. Raven Baker-Northcross, Rosemarie Julien and Cynthia Petke each scored 13 points in the game. Thais Oliveira led Central Florida with a game-high 21 points.

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3 bottles of Corona Beer (330 ml each), Water Crackers (300 gr), 2 lemons, 3 limes, Pack of Tortilla chips (corn chips), Hot Sauce (120 gr) gift-wrapped in a basket

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Old May 23, 20, 10:23 pm
Join Date: Oct 2015
Posts: 133
Originally Posted by xliioper View Post
And then you'll have people complaining they don't have any options when booking further out. They have already done some significant reductions for July and beyond on international routes and they have been doing some domestic reductions for July and beyond over the past few weeks.. They've now set the July schedule about 3 weeks prior to when they had done the June schedule reductions (the second weekend of May). So, hopefully, there are fewer people with already booked flights for July that will be disrupted.
What this whole thing is showing is that booking on Delta with connections is a fool's errand currently. Fortunately, my flights that I have booked are nonstop and they just changed by a couple hours so no big deal there. The other thing is to book early..I'm glad I did as I can't get the flight that I want now if I had waited until now to book as it is sold out.
vike16 is online now


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Press kit About Rowen X (Peter Rowen Phillips) Rowen X Producer, Composer, Song-writer, Live DJ, Live Artist and Dancer 2000-2006 ESP (Splash, Nexus, Slippery in Wet) as a special guest appearance alongside DJ O’Brian. Played along the likes of Tiesto, Sonique, Mr C –The Shamen, DJ Jean (Club IT) In 2009 December RowenX became […]


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Kal  L-Arginine L-Ornithine Perspective: front
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Kal L-Arginine L-Ornithine

500 mg - 60 TabletsUPC: 0002124579453
Purchase Options

Product Details

L-Arginine and L-Ornithine are closely related amino acids with similar structure and function. L-Arginine, a nonessential amino acid, becomes part of protein in the body. L-Ornithine, a nonessential amino acid, is used to make protein.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Nutrition Information

Nutrition Facts
60.0 servings per container
Serving size
Amount per serving
% Daily value*
Total Fat0g0%
Saturated Fat0g0%
Trans Fat0g
Total Carbohydrate1g
Dietary Fiber1g4%
Vitamin A0International Unit0%
Vitamin C0mg0%
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet. 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.

L Arginine Hcl , L Ornithine HCL , Cellulose , Stearic Acid and Silica .

Allergen Info
Free from Does Not Contain Declaration Obligatory Allergens.

Actual product packaging and materials may contain additional and/or different ingredient, nutritional, or proper usage information than the information displayed on our website. You are responsible ... Read More


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03 February 2010

The Allergen-Free Baker's Handbook

When I first learned of my son's peanut allergy, the first thing I did was go to the library and take out Cybele Pascal's The Whole Foods Allergy Cookbook. I had visions of peanut traces being everywhere and was worried about most foods--other than fruits and vegetables--sold at the supermarket. I renewed the book several times and afterward I felt much more confident about cooking for his peanut allergy--I'd just make most food from scratch. No more processed food for us.

Now, Cybele has a lovely new book, entitled The Allergen-Free Baker's Handbook. Baked goods are among the more risky types of food to buy for those living with food allergies. There are so many chances for cross-contamination--eggs, milk, wheat, nuts are present in most bakeries. While there are wonderful food allergy friendly bakeries springing up around the country, they're often not as convenient to get to as the local supermarket. So, life with food allergies encourages many of us to learn to bake, and bake in creative new ways.

I haven't even had an opportunity to try the recipes yet but I can't wait. First, the photos in the book are gorgeous! They make you want to reach into the book and take a bite. Then, I notice that all of the recipes are broken into easy to follow steps. I like this aspect. Most recipes only have 7 or 8 steps--I can do that!  It makes baking seem much less daunting. In the past, I've looked at some baking recipes and upon seeing a recipe that's too involved, have opted for something simpler or decided to just skip it all together. That will not happen with this cookbook. Another handy feature is the chapter entitled "Stocking Your Allergen-Free Pantry". This is a fantastic chapter, especially for those new to life with food allergies. All of the hard work and research has already been done for you! The range of recipes is great as well. I think this one book will take care of all allergen-free baking needs for the average person--you won't need another baking book. It's well-written, actually fun to read, mouthwatering, and easy to follow. Check it out!

A great allergy friendly Valentine's Day present this year would be a recipe from The Allergen-Free Baker's Handbook. I'm a cookie gal, so I'm thinking the Linzer Hearts on pages 73-74 would be a perfect place to begin!

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It is standard practice for coaches to meet or phone potential signings and discuss their vision, project or whatever the newest buzzword is for trying to be a good football team.

Frank Lampard has done it with Hakim Ziyech and Timo Werner before their moves from Ajax and RB Leipzig ahead of next season were confirmed, in person and via Whatsapp. Kai Havertz is no doubt the same.

The style of football, the emphasis on youth were key pillars of those informal conversations but the Chelsea head coach has an ace up a sleeve when it comes to convincing in-demand recruits: his own playing career.

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Take these comments from Atletico Madrid's Jose Gimenez, speaking to La Liga's in-house media earlier this week: "I would have liked to play with Lampard. I always used to watch Chelsea as a kid, loved them."

Lampard clearly has pulling power but it also leads to a wider point: it is natural for current players to feel more of an affiliation towards younger managers than, say, Roy Hodgson or Neil Warnock.

Especially when the coach was one of the best midfielders in Europe when they were kids, memories of famous goals and wins still fresh in their mind.

It is applicable to Mikel Arteta at Arsenal, too, and it would be no surprise to hear similar said about Andrea Pirlo at Juventus should they sign a young Italian player.

But it is not solely an advantage for transfers. On the training ground Lampard regularly gets involved and Mason Mount is among those to have spoken about learning from Chelsea's record goalscorer in terms of arriving to goalscoring opportunities and timing runs.


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Former RB Leipzig manager Ralf Rangnick has revealed that he turned down the opportunity to take charge of Chelsea prior to the Blues' decision to appoint fellow countryman Thomas Tuchel last month.

With less than a week of January remaining, Chelsea, who face Newcastle United at Stamford Bridge on Monday evening, made the decision to sack club legend Frank Lampard following a run of five defeats in eight Premier League matches.

Before the Blues had even officially announced Lampard's exit, speculation was rife that former Paris Saint-Germain chief Tuchel would replace him at Stamford Bridge.

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However, it has now been claimed that the Blues did approach Rangnick to succeed Lampard, although he has admitted that he was only offered the job on a short-term basis.

As the opportunity to come to the Premier League was only a short-term offer, Rangnick, who has had a long and experienced managerial career, felt he had to turn it down, as he was not keen on the idea of coming in on a temporary basis.

"I said: ‘I would like to come and work with you, but I can’t do it for four months. I’m not an interim coach,’" Rangnick told The Times.

"To the media and players you would be the ‘four-month manager’, a lame duck, from day one."

Although Rangnick may have felt a tinge of sadness of not being offered the role on a long-term basis at Stamford Bridge, he has certainly been left impressed by the start to life Tuchel has had in west London, heaping praise on the impact he has had so far, as well as the former Borussia Dortmund chief's decision to install Zsolt Low as his assistant.

"If you watch Chelsea now you see a mutual plan for when they have the ball or the other team have the ball," Rangnick added. "Thomas is tactically on a very sophisticated level.

Sign up to our Chelsea newsletter for the latest transfer news

In each Chelsea bulletin, we'll be bringing you the latest breaking news, transfer features and comment pieces, as well as the key talking points for fans.

You won't miss a single thing when it comes to Chelsea.

We'll also send special newsletters when big stories break or there's a special event happening. And with the January transfer window now open there's plenty of content to get your teeth into.

How do you sign up?

It's easy and only takes seconds.

Simply type your email address into the box at the top of this article - or any article on the Chelsea section of in fact - labelled 'Get the biggest daily stories by email' and click 'Subscribe'.

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If you decide later that you no longer wish to receive the emails, simply follow the unsubscribe link in one of the newsletters - but we don't think you'll want to.

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"Zsolt Low [Tuchel’s assistant] was my player and assistant coach at Leipzig and plays a vital role in his staff and you can see from the way he interacts with players Thomas also has great leadership skills.

"Appointing him was a top solution. I can only congratulate Thomas and Chelsea for the choice."

So far, Tuchel has won four of his first five games in charge, keeping four clean sheets in the process.


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Here are the Chelsea morning headlines for Sunday, August 30.

Chelsea looking to snap up Senegalese stopper

Chelsea’s search for a new goalkeeper has led them to Senegal international Edouard Mendy, according to Goal.

Mendy has been identified as the ideal signing after he helped French club Rennes to a third-place finish in Ligue 1 last season and the club’s first Champions League placing.

The 28-year-old would be bought in either to provide under-fire Kepa Arrizabalaga with competition or be Chelsea’s No.1 should they manage to offload the Spain international goalkeeper.

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Goal also reports that Arrizabalaga could be sent out on loan, with Sevilla and Valencia registering an interest.

Havertz’s ex-coach reveals the most special thing about him

Potential Chelsea signing Kai Havertz’s main attribute is his mental strength, according to one of his former coaches.

The Blues are close to sealing a £90million deal to bring the Bayer Leverkusen midfielder to Stamford Bridge.

Should he complete the move, he would become the sixth new arrival at Chelsea this summer.

Tayfun Korkut, who coached Havertz at Leverkusen, told Sky Sports: “This is probably the most special thing about him, his mental power.

“You will not see the difference in him, whether he is playing against Ingolstadt or Real Madrid, he is playing to avoid relegation or win a championship.

“He will always play the same and at a high level. Playing for a big club is different. It is about mental toughness.

“There are a lot of nice young players out there, but to play for the biggest clubs, to play for Bayern Munich, Manchester United or Chelsea, you need to have something more than just that. This boy has that.”

No injury concerns for Ziyech

New Chelsea signing Hakim Ziyech was forced off injured on his debut against Brighton & Hove Albion on Saturday.

Sign up to our Chelsea newsletter for Kai Havertz updates

Kai Havertz continues to be strongly linked with Chelsea

Why should you sign up?

Kai Havertz is the talk of all Chelsea fans at the moment and will bring you the very latest updates on the Blues' transfer pursuit of the Bayer Leverkusen star.

By signing up for our Chelsea newsletter, you will receive a once-daily email, the majority of which will contain the very latest on Havertz, his future and the latest transfer goings-on generally at Chelsea.

We'll also send out special newsletters on Havertz with any big breaking news around his future and how it impacts Chelsea.

How do you sign up?

It's easy and only takes seconds.

Simply type your email address into the box at the top of this article - or any article on the Chelsea section of in fact - labelled 'Get the biggest daily stories by email' and click 'Subscribe'.

And that's it, you're all set.

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For more details, click here.

The Moroccan winger lined up alongside fellow summer arrival Timo Werner, with the duo combining to score the opening goal of the game in the fourth minute in the pre-season friendly at The Amex.

And, after Blues supporters showed their concern when he left the pitch in the second half, Ziyech took to Instagram – but did not mention his injury.

Ziyech, who joined from Ajax for £36m, wrote: “It felt good to finally make my first minutes in Blue. Can’t wait for the league to start.”


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Jurgen Klopp appeared to criticise Christian Benteke in full view of fans and cameras
Injury blow: Benteke has been ruled out of Liverpool's clash against Spurs

By North-west correspondent Alex Stevens

Christian Benteke will leave Liverpool this summer irrespective of whether Crystal Palace are successful in signing him, according to a report.

The Telegraph claim there is no way back for Benteke at Anfield after he slipped down the pecking order under Jurgen Klopp in the second half of last season.

Experienced Merseyside journalist Chris Bascombe says the departure of the 25-year-old is “inevitable” as he “knows he will have no opportunities to play under Klopp”.

Palace have lodged a bid of £27million for the Belgium striker but the The Mirror claim that Anfield chiefs are determined to recoup the entire £32.5million they spent on him last summer.

Football Insider reported that the Eagles made an improved offer for the Liverpool striker last week of an initial £27million plus £4.5million of performance-related add-ons, just £1million short of the Reds asking price.

Subscribe to Football Insider TV now

The deal is currently on ice but the striker is expected to leave Anfield even though he has four years to run on his current deal.

Benteke scored 42 goals in 89 appearances during his time at Villa, but that form dipped after his big-money move to Anfield, which saw him net on nine occasions in 29 league games for the club.

The former Genk star is just one in a long list of failed forwards at Anfield since the departure of Luis Suarez to Barcelona in 2014.

He is behind Daniel Sturridge, Divock Origi and fit-again Danny Ings in the pecking order to lead the Liverpool attack, as well as playmaker Roberto Firmino.

In other Liverpool transfer news, the club have agreed the terms of a club-record transfer.


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Sheffield Wednesday should make swoop for £4.5m-rated Premier League forward – agreed?

The Sheffield Wednesday fans in the Transfer Tavern are really disheartened after such a poor season resulted in them finishing 15th and considering how they performed in the 2016/17, that is a big regression.

Wednesday this season were without a player who could score 15 goals or more and so ahead of the new Championship campaign in August, an influential top forward should be brought to the club if they are to have any chance of amending this shambolic season. Our punters believe that Leicester City striker Leonardo Ulloa, who is on loan at Brighton, would be the perfect striker to come into the Sheffield Wednesday attack.

The striker, who is rated at £4.5 million by Transfer Markt, has endured a tough couple of season having been brushed to the side at Leicester even after his impact with the Foxes in his first few seasons. That has continued at Brighton this season, having made just 2 league starts.

For a talented talisman that simply isn’t enough but to revitalise his form, a drop down into the Championship may just be what’s required.

The move should, on paper, be an attractive preposition for both parties. Ulloa would get regular football and the home crowd at Hillsborough would be able to cheer on a top striker who could be capable of surpassing the 15 goal mark next season.

At 31, Ulloa is starting to realise that he must settle down with a team or potentially face the last few years of his career being a disaster. With only 1 year left on his current Leicester City deal, Ulloa should take his attacking ability elsewhere with Sheffield Wednesday having the potential to be a fantastic new home.

Thoughts… Let us know!

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Article title: Sheffield Wednesday should make swoop for £4.5m-rated Premier League forward – agreed?

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Views - New Construction
1124 Violet Avenue Atlanta, GA
$ 364,000
Property Attributes
  • MLS#6871672
  • TypePending
  • CountyFULTON
  • CityAtlanta
  • Area22 - Atlanta North
  • Zip30318
  • StyleCraftsman
  • Year Built2021
  • Taxes487
  • Price$ 364,000
  • Bedrooms4
  • Full Bathrooms3
  • Half Bathrooms0
Listing Provided Courtesy Of:
Atlanta Fine Homes Sotheby's International
Data Source:
First Multiple Listing Service
Property Description

See what's emerging on the upper Westside of Atlanta! Drawing on the historic Atlanta architecture that surrounds them, traditionally inspired designs will combine with distinctively forward-thinking construction that is smart, sustainable and built to last by Bellwood's' experienced builder group. These new homes offer open plan designs options with island kitchens, gracious bedroom suites and walk-in closets, inviting porches, rear decks, all in the heart of the Westside! *Driveway is to be used for parking, no garage included on this plan. Homes are pre-construction.

Elementary School Middle School High School
Boyd Elementary School John Lewis Invictus Academy/Harper-Archer Middle School Douglass High School
Price History
4/20/2021 Listed $364,000

General Features

Accessibility None
Appliances Dishwasher, Disposal, Electric Oven, Microwave, Refrigerator
Architectural Style Craftsman
Community Features None
Construction Materials Cement Siding, Other
Cooling Central Air
Electric Other
Elementary School Boyd
Energy Efficient None
Exterior Features Other
Flooring Carpet, Vinyl
Green Energy Generation None
Heating Electric, Heat Pump
High School Douglass
Interior Features Entrance Foyer, His and Hers Closets, Walk-In Closet(s)
Parking Features Driveway, Level Driveway
Patio/Porch Features Deck, Patio
Pool Features None
Property SubType Single Family Residence
Property Type Residential
Roof Composition, Shingle
Security Features Smoke Detector(s)
Sewer Public Sewer
Spa Features None
Subdivision Name None
Utilities Cable Available, Electricity Available, Sewer Available, Water Available
View Other
Water Body Name None
Waterfront Features None

Interior Features

Basement None
Common Walls No Common Walls
Dining Room Features Separate Dining Room
Fireplace Features None
Kitchen Features Breakfast Bar, Cabinets Other, Kitchen Island, Pantry Walk-In, Stone Counters, View to Family Room
Laundry Features In Hall, Upper Floor
Main Level Bathrooms 1
Main Level Bedrooms 1
Room Type Office
Roombedroomfeatures Other
Roommasterbathroomfeatures Double Vanity, Separate His/Hers, Shower Only
Upper Bedrooms 3
Upper Full Baths 2
Window Features None

Exterior Features

Building Area Total 1920.00
Fencing None
Horse Amenities None
Lot Features Landscaped, Level, Wooded
Lot Size Acres 0.0000
Lot Size Source Not Available
Road Frontage Type Private Road
Road Surface Type Paved
Total Parking 2
Water Source Public

  • Foreclosure
  • Views
  • Short Sale
  • New Construction
  • Adult 55+
  • Lease To Own
  • No HOA Fees
  • Furnished
  • Master On Main
  • Air Conditioning
  • Seller Finance
  • Green
  • Fixer Upper
  • Horse
  • Golf
  • Fireplace
  • Deck
  • Garage
  • Basement
  • Pool

Property vs Zip Code Average in 30318

Statistics provided by Inside Real Estate

AVG $430K
AVG $2,962
Year Built
AVG 1988
AVG 36
Data Provided by Walkscore ® not using MLS data

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