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Monitors for High Quality Imaging Work

24th September 2015 Colour Accurate Monitors

This article discusses the various aspects to buying a monitor dedicated to high quality imaging work. You should also read Calibration Versus Profiling and Colour Control On Monitors so that you have a clear understanding of the difference between physical calibration and monitor profiling, and the various methods for colour control on monitors. No matter how good your monitor, it must always be calibrated if you want excellent, accurate results.

Buying a monitor for imaging work generally represents a significant investment. But it's an investment definitely worth making if you care about image quality. Of course, like all investments, it's best made with the correct information and unfortunately as ever there's more misinformation than information out there.

Firstly, what are we ultimately looking for in a high quality monitor as image makers? We are looking for accuracy, and specifically accuracy and control that allows the monitor to accurately simulate our final output medium which is very rarely the monitor we are actually working on. 99 times out of 100, this means simulating the final print as accurately as possible. Accuracy is an entirely different thing to 'pleasing'. It is easy to make a monitor appeal to the human eye on the face of it and much much harder to make one that supports critical viewing of colour and that properly supports the decision making process when making images. It's much the same as with TV shopping. Go to a well set up TV store and all the TVs will have Pixar animated movies playing on them - bright, saturated and impossibly shiny. They make the TVs look great - but tell you absolutely nothing about the general ability of the TV to display colour correctly.

The fact is, general purpose monitors are easy to make and are sold in such numbers that their incredibly cheap pricing makes them very tempting - why pay $2000 or even $4000 for a super duper screen when Dell make one for $400? On the face of it, the Dell monitor seems to have good specifications - often specifications that look to be on par with the NEC or Eizo models. Even when you look at the screen live, it looks good - high contrast, lots of saturated colour, sharp enough, that sort of thing. The natural reaction is to conclude you're not missing much and that there really isn't that much difference between a general desktop monitor and a proper imaging monitor.

But this is wrong. Simply put the Dell (or an iMac, Samsung, Viewsonic, etc....basically, anything not made by NEC or Eizo) next to a monitor designed specifically for imaging work, and display some real images on them, and suddenly it becomes clear that specifications on paper tell very little about the real performance of a monitor. A long list of features with whizz bang names (Ultrasharp TrueColour Overdrive etc etc) does not make for accurate, pleasing, and natural display of images. The standard quality desktop monitor is simply lying to you about colour - typically out of the box they are very bright, very saturated, and very contrasted. And nothing like paper. They don't have controls to fix this problem - some of them pretend to have controls but when you actually use these controls, to turn down contrast or desaturate the image, they actually do more harm than good. By attempting to calibrate these sorts of screens, the net result is a screen with all sorts of post calibration artifacts - the most obvious of which is banding in gradients.

As image makers we need good monitors to help us make better images - a good monitor, that is a good predictor of our final input, makes for better decision making. On really excellent monitors, it's like you are working on the print itself - directly, almost as if the monitor doesn't exist. In a way it takes us back to the darkroom, or to the actual process of working directly with tone on paper.

Eizo ColorEdge CS2420 24" Monitor
$1,590 RRP $1,694  (Save $104!)
  • Panel Size / Ratio24" / 16:10 (1.6:1)
  • Native Resolution1920 * 1200
  • Panel TechnologyIPS
  • Direct Hardware Calibration Support?
  • In Built Sensor?
  • GamutWide
More info
NEC PA242W 24" Monitor
End Of Line Clearance - Limited Stock Free Insured Nationwide Shipping With All NEC Monitors!
$1,049 RRP $1,692  (Save $643!)
  • Panel Size / Ratio24" / 16:10 (1.6:1)
  • Native Resolution1920 * 1200
  • Panel TechnologyIPS (AH-IPS)
  • Direct Hardware Calibration Support?
  • In Built Sensor?
  • GamutWide
More info

Panel Types

One of the key traditional decisions to make when choosing a high class monitor is to choose between a (S)PVA panel and an (S)IPS panel (and, of late the new PLS panels that are also often simply called IPS panels). All types of panel have strengths and weaknesses, but IPS (and now PLS) is generally considered the best panel type for colour accurate screens.

Traditionally, IPS/PLS panels have offered better colour reproduction than PVA panels. That said, PVA panels have come a very long way in recent years and the difference is certainly not what it once was. We have two screens in the office here, one S-IPS and one S-PVA, and I struggle to see any real practical difference in real world usage when sitting in front of either screen and editing images. As long as the panel in question is an excellent panel of its type, there is not a huge lot between them when sitting in front of them.

There are some differences though. For example, PVA panels are generally much brighter than IPS panels. This means they tend to be a little less even across their field, and in most cases you turn them down to about 10% of their max brightness when calibrating them. The extra brightness can be great for working with video, especially during the day. PVA panels tend to have more variance across their field than IPS Panels.

Most people don't find the slight shift in brightness across the field to be an issue of actual practical importance. If you're really concerned about having a perfectly even field, select a higher end model with a uniformity system - all NEC monitors have a uniformity system and Eizo have this system in their Flexscan Premium and ColorEdge range, but not the Flexscan range. A uniformity system guarantees the display field will be even in both brightness and colour terms within tight tolerances.

IPS/PLS panels tend to have lower native contrast than PVA panels. See below for more about contrast. This is actually an advantage of IPS panels as lower contrast is in fact better for simulating paper. Another noticeable difference is that if you're sufficiently off angle (i.e. looking at your screen from the side), then the IPS panel continues to display colour accurately noticeably more than the PVA panel. Directly in front, they are uncannily similar, but from the side, this extra colour accuracy may prove to be quite important in certain contexts - such as when showing work to clients. However, IPS screens, off angle, tend to have a slightly blue and weak quality to their blacks, while PVA screens have deep, inky blacks on any angle.

If you're a graphic designer, and want the smoothest possible gradients, an IPS panel will help there as well.

PVA models have faster gray to gray refresh times - meaning they're better for video work. Irrelevant for photography, but if you edit or watch videos regularly, a PVA is probably a better choice.

So for general imaging use, from front on or within 40 degrees or so, there is not a lot of difference between PVA and IPS panels. Both offer excellent, accurate, and smooth colour once calibrated, if the panels themselves are high quality and if they are surrounded with excellent stability and calibration electronics - like all NEC and Eizo monitors. If the budget is there, though, we recommend you do go for an IPS/PLS panel for maximum performance.

What to Look For in a High Quality Monitor?

In order of most important to least, for imaging work.

High Bit Depth Panel Electronics

High Bit Depth Panel Electronics is the most important thing to look for, and having access to them. In short, this means the electronics surrounding the panel can control the panel and adjust its picture (i.e. calibrate the panel) with very high quality. Cheap monitors are usually 6 bit panels and this is disastrous for colour - for example the 20" iMac uses one of these panels and is, quite frankly, about as bad as monitors get. Typical mid priced panels are 8 bits (e.g. modern iMac screens), which are fine for day to day use but once calibrated these usually display significant problems such as banding in greyscales. This includes pretty much all Dell and Apple monitors, and most general consumer brands like Samsung/Viewsonic etc. High quality monitors like NEC and Eizo have 10, 12, 14 or 16 bit panels.

Remember, the goal is to make our monitor the best simulator for our final output as we possibly can and this means adjusting the entire colour response of the monitor. Typically, white point colour and brightness, RGB gamma (or tonal response from dark to light), and black point are adjusted. When these adjustments are made on standard monitors (6 or 8 bit), they quickly induce artifacts as only a maximum of 256 tonal levels are available to begin with, and all adjustments during calibration will reduce the number of levels. Insufficient levels means visible banding. With higher bit depths, more levels are available, and even in post adjustment, plenty of levels are still available. This means no banding and no tonal compression in shadows and highlights, as a result of adjusting the monitors display closer to paper. This is fundamental to accurate image display. High bit depth makes a panel flexible and accurate, and high bit depth panels simply aren't available in consumer brands.

High bit depth in the panel electronics is the primary thing to look for, but you must remember that this is only relevant to the calibration stage of monitor colour control. That is, these high bit depth chips are used when physically adjusting the monitor, but not necessarily during the second stage - profiling the monitor. See point below.

This is a very useful feature to have. It means in the second stage of monitor colour control, i.e. profiling, all the adjustments are made directly into the high bit depth LUT tables in the monitor itself. Basically these high quality monitors include a very high quality video card in the back of them!. In cheaper monitors, these adjustments are made to the video card's 8 bit LUT instead - and again, this typically induces artifacts. Above and beyond that, it is also usually the fastest and easiest way to calibrate & profile a monitor, you don't have to touch the monitor's controls as it's all taken care of for you - just define your settings and let the system do the work for you! You can go make a cup of tea while your monitor adjusts itself to perfect colour!

Eizo ColorEdge CG277 27" Monitor
$3,585 RRP $3,806  (Save $221!)
  • Panel Size / Ratio27" / 16:9 (1.78:1)
  • Native Resolution2560 * 1440
  • Panel TechnologyIPS
  • Direct Hardware Calibration Support?
  • In Built Sensor? (Calibrator)
  • GamutWide
More info
NEC PA272W 27" Monitor
Free Insured Nationwide Shipping With All NEC Monitors!
$1,369 RRP $2,322  (Save $953!)
  • Panel Size / Ratio27" / 16:9 (1.78:1)
  • Native Resolution2560 * 1440
  • Panel TechnologyIPS (AH-IPS)
  • Direct Hardware Calibration Support?
  • In Built Sensor?
  • GamutWide
More info

General Accuracy Of Display

There's no real specification that tells you this, but there are certification tools that can measure this. NEC and Eizo monitors, in particular the high end monitors in the Eizo CG and NEC SpectraView lines, leave the factory calibrated to a standard that is unheard of in the consumer market. This means when you first set them up, even before calibration, they are fundamentally far more accurate than anything you're likely to have seen before.

NEC and Eizo monitors are really the only two brands readily available in Australia that can pass the very stringent certification tests from professional standards bodies like UGRA/FOGRA/ISO etc. While passing certification is not necessarily something required in everybody's workflow, the ability to hit these accuracy targets and hold them is precisely what makes these monitors so good at their primary function - simulating the final printed output.

Extensive Calibration Controls

Good monitors must have extensive controls for adjusting their picture to appropriate targets. Most importantly is a brightness control that can drop a monitor's display down to a reasonable level to simulate paper - ideally anything between about 60 to 200+ candellas should be achievable. This is where many consumer monitors fail absolutely. For example, the current iMac 24" screen has a minimum brightness of 250 cd/m2 and out of the box they are a truly retina destroying 400 cd/m2!. This is ridiculous and a huge fundamental failing for image makers - an approximate recommendation for most working environments for print production work would be brightness of around 90 to 110 cd/m2. This means the iMac is, at best, two and a half times brighter than it should be to simulate paper, and there's no physical control to adjust this. With a 24" iMac you will forever find your prints seem darker than your screen.

In addition to a brightness control with sufficient range, monitors must have excellent controls to reach specific gamma targets (i.e. have an appropriate tonal progression from dark to light) and specific colour targets (e.g. white points in the range of about 4500 to 7000 Kelvin).

Many cheaper monitors seem to have these controls, but remember the issues above with low bit depth panels. They are doing their adjustments with low bit depth maths and this means using these controls will induce visible artifacts such as banding, tonal compression etc. On good monitors, all of these physical calibration adjustments are done in the higher bit depth chips and the result is no artifacts once you have physically adjusted your monitor.

High Bit Depth Input

Some monitors, such as Eizo CG247W and monitors in the NEC PA Series, can now accept a 10 bit input signal from high end video cards. The result of 10 bit input is that the incoming signal is much higher quality - having over 1000 discrete signal levels instead of the normal 256 signals with 8 bit input. The net result is smoother, more accurate colour and a more robust system that can stand greater manipulation (for example, calibrating to printer gamuts in the monitor hardware itself and other exotic things).

You can read more about 10 Bit Output Support here.

True Contrast Control

LCD monitors have inherently high contrast. This makes them look appealing initially, and is great for movies and games - but it also makes them struggle with simulating paper, which is inherently a low contrast medium. Print contrast varies depending on the paper and inks used, but a rule of thumb is about 200:1 is an appropriate contrast level for simulating paper. High end LCDs (Eizo CG and NEC SpectraView) offer control over contrast - that is, these monitors can reduce the native contrast of the panel to a level much more like that of paper. They do this by letting you set specific target points for the brightness of both the deepest black (black point) and the brightest white (white point). The contrast ratio of a monitor is calculated by dividing the white point by the blackpoint - for example, a white point of 100 candellas and a black point of 0.5 candellas means 100/0.5 or 200:1 contrast.

Simulating paper contrast is a very important part of print matching. An image on a screen with 1000:1 contrast will always look far more contrasty than the final print and this means your editing decisions will be based on this incorrect display.

Uniformity Systems

Because of the way LCD monitors work, basically a bunch of filters in front of fluorescent tubes or LED back lights, they are inherently uneven across their field in both brightness and colour. On large, low quality monitors especially, there can be HUGE differences across the panel.

Open a grey scale image in Photoshop and then open a second copy of it (Window->Arrange->New Window For....[filename]). Move the two windows around your screen (e.g. to opposite corners) and compare them. You will typically see significant variance in brightness and quite possibly in colour as well - for example, Apple Cinema displays are notorious for colour casts in the corners.

If you tend to retouch images side by side, this can be a significant problem. If the variance is only minor and around the edges, it may not be a big practical problem, but if, like most people, you display the image your working on full screen across your entire display, there may be as much as 30% variance in brightness across the image - meaning for example, the left hand side of your image will look artificially brighter than the right purely because of a uniformity issue. If you edit your image based on this, you will simply be damaging your image in an effort to make up for the deficiencies of your display.

Almost all NEC monitors, and Eizo CG and Flexscan Premium (but not Flexscan Standard) monitors, have uniformity systems. Essentially, this means before the monitor leaves the factory, it is measured across the entire field in 25+ separate zones, and then each zone is individually tuned to make sure the display is even across the entire field, within reasonable tolerances. The NEC SpectraView and Eizo CG tolerances are particularly tight and the screens are essentially perfectly even across their entire field.

Note: this is a once off factory calibration - once several years have passed (3+), the panel will realistically begin to show some visible unevenness again. But because the original tolerances are so tight, it will be some significant time before the level of unevenness gets back to a point where it poses a practical problem (and in say 10 years, we imagine all screens will likely have uniformity systems!).

Matte surface

Good quality LCD screens must have a matte surface, not a shiny, reflective gloss coating. Gloss is bad in every way - it increases contrast, which we don't want, and it dramatically increases the reflectively characteristics of the screen, which is again very bad. High quality screens all have very matte surfaces that minimise reflections and allow for a very pleasing, natural display. Very high quality screens have lens grade coatings on them for extremely high quality display, and this gives images on these screens a wonderfully natural, three dimensional quality.

Wide Gamut Support

Gamut is the total range of colours a screen can display. Standard gamut is roughly the size of the sRGB colourspace - about 76% of the AdobeRGB colourspace, which is pretty much the standard colour space recommended by most professional bodies in Australia for RGB work. Standard gamut, in more human terms, is roughly the amount of colour a typical television set can display.

New and high quality monitors are beginning to support a wider gamut than traditional monitors - up to 102% of AdobeRGB colours are displayable on these screens. Meaning they can be used for high saturation work with greater accuracy. While this is handy, truth be told the vast bulk of work can be done on standard gamut monitors without trouble But as cameras and printers get better, wide gamut support is becoming increasingly important.

Ease of use

Good on screen controls are very important, especially on monitors without direct hardware calibration! Most monitors have pretty awful menu systems. The NEC monitors in particular have excellent, easy to use controls.

Backup, Warranty and Support

Consumer monitors typically have 12 months warranties and quite frankly they seem to be made in such a way as they drop like flies after those 12 months are up.

NEC have a 15 day Zero Dead Pixel and DOA period across their entire range - so if anything at all goes wrong during the first 15 days you are completely covered and get a replacement screen, no fuss! Then you have three years of full parts and labour warranty support. This is excellent and we think overall it is probably the best warranty in the business. In practice, we have found NEC's support to be good and quite quick.

Eizo have a 5 year warranty - seemingly unmatched in length in the industry. The devil is in the fine print however - their zero dead pixel support is unfortunately only on the Eizo CG and SX lines (for 14 days or 100 hours, which ever comes first). Also, the 5 year warranty is limited in how you can use the monitor (brightness, etc) and the coverage on major parts like the backlight is limited to one or three years. Their warranty is therefore a little over-stated, but overall is still an excellent warranty. Dead pixels are very very rare on Eizo screens, so mostly it is a total non-issue. In practice we have found Eizo's back up and support to be faultless and as good as any company in any industry we have come across. Eizo are exceedingly responsive to, and supportive of, their customers.

Eizo and NEC both have excellent, knowledgeable second line support for more complex issues. First line support is through us, of course, as we know a lot about these screens through extensive professional use.

A note on 'Zero Dead Pixel' warranties

While many other manufacturer's claim to have this, its worth reading the fine print very carefully. Typically the coverage is only for the first few days, which is reasonable as dead pixels are a manufacturing fault and do not appear during a monitor's life. But there are often also restrictions on the coverage if the pixel is near the bezel edge, for instance. Some restrict the coverage to a very small part of the screen in the dead center - not very useful on a massive 24" monitor! So read the fine print on this if it is of big concern to you - the reality is that while it can be annoying, a single dead pixel is a tiny, tiny fault in an otherwise perfect screen, and it really causes no more practical harm than a speck of dust on the screen.

Screen Size and Shape, Pivot Support

This comes down to budget and desk space - bigger is always better!

That said, we thoroughly recommend you buy a high quality small screen rather than a low quality big screen if the budget is limited. The best is of course a big, high quality screen, with 24 to 30 inches being just marvelous for editing big images, seeing double page spreads, etc, with room for palettes. But plenty of professionals do just fine working with high quality 19 or 20" screens.

Widescreen is our personal favourite but it's really personal preference. It has to be said that increasingly traditional format screens seem to be disappearing pretty rapidly, and user interface design is increasingly taking advantage of the extra horizontal space.

An alternative is a second cheap screen as a palette monitor and this can be a very cost effective way of increasing screen real estate - and the quality of the second panel is almost irrelevant as it is just for palettes. Be aware that under Windows it is likely you will not be able to calibrate the second screen without using two video cards (see article on Calibrating Dual or Mulitple Monitors).

Pivot support is very useful if you do a lot of portrait work - and most NEC and Eizo monitors support this (you will also need a video card that supports pivoting, but most do).

For specific recommendations see our Color Accurate Monitor Buying Guide below.


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Dr. George Pistolis, Research Director
NCSR “Demokritos”

15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
Tel: +30 210 6503637
e-mail: g.pistolis"at"inn.demokritos.gr

Dr. George Pistolis leads a multidisciplinary research program devoted to the Molecular Engineering of Photo-functional Self-Assembled Nanosystems. More specifically his research focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization and in-depth spectroscopy of functional dyes and their programmable self-assembly into well-defined photo-(re)active nanoarchitectures with tailored properties for potential applications in lighting, solar energy conversion, electronics – photonics, molecular sensing and machinery.

Over the past decade and more, our group has been extensively studying various aspects of supramolecular architectures - spanning from simple inclusion compounds to complex self –assembled nanostructures - such as,
• Guest stability and Dynamics in Nanocavities
• Stereoselective host-guest interactions
• Structure, stability and dynamics of non-covalently bonded nanotubes and supramolecular polymers based mainly on cyclodextrins
• Excited-state kinetics and thermodynamics of reversible isomerizations that can lead to autonomous mechanical response at the molecular level
• Fluorescent sensors for the signaling of molecular and macromolecular recognition events
• Structural features and control release properties of self-assembled nanosystems with fluorescent “on-off” switches
• Photophysics, dynamics and energy transfer phenomena in blue-emitting linear and dendronized photonic polymers
• Color tunability engineering in Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Optical Lithography

After having obtained a sufficient expertise on the aforementioned thematic areas, the new activities of our group focus on the design, supramolecular synthesis, characterization and comprehensive spectroscopy of cleverly engineered self-assembled complex nanoarchitectures capable of exploiting light for tuning and tailoring the properties of advanced materials. More specifically, we are interested in constructing intensely absorbing/emitting metallosupramolecular host nanoarchitectures with size-adjustable nanoporous cavities capable of accommodating a large variety of semiconducting materials. We further intend to achieve precise control over the spatial topology and the energy levels of the interacting dipoles in the above multichromophoric arrays and to provide new insights into beneficial pathways for harvesting, transferring, (up)-converting and funnelling electronic energy in the condensed phase for multifunctional applications including, accumulation and tuning in photo(electro)-luminescence, light-harvesting and solar energy conversion, organic electronics and photovoltaics, photomechanical responses and molecular sensing.

The main methodologies and techniques involved in our research comprise:
• Design and synthesis of photomolecular building blocks and their subsequent directed supramolecular synthesis – via combinations of selected self-assembly protocols - into well-defined photo-functional nanoarchitectures. Verification of the structures is made by means of structural (multinuclear NMR & 2D NMR, ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, SAXS, STM, AFM) and electronic/optical (UV/Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence) characterization techniques.
• Electronic spectroscopy methods, both steady-state and time-resolved, to study photophysical and photochemical processes, such as kinetics and thermodynamics of energy/electron transfer phenomena – photomechanical conversions, rotational dynamics etc. We perform research on subnanosecond to millisecond time scales in NCSR Demokritos. Ultrafast measurements (femto-to-picoseconds) are investigated in collaboration with Dept. of Physics, University of Patras and with laboratories in Europe.

Selected Publications

• N. Karakostas, I. M. Mavridis, K. Seintis, M. Fakis, E. N. Koini, I. D. Petsalakis, G. Pistolis
“Highly efficient and unidirectional energy transfer within a tightly self-assembled host–guest multichromophoric array”
Chem. Comm., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/C3CC48076C

• Kaloudi-Chantzea, N. Karakostas, F. Pitterl, C. P. Raptopoulou, N. Glezos, G. Pistolis “Efficient supramolecular synthesis of a robust circular light-harvesting Bodipy-dye based array”
Chem. Comm., 2012, 48, 12213–12215 pdf

• I. Balomenou, A. Kaloudi-Chantzea, N. Karakostas, K. Yannakopoulou, I. M. Mavridis and G. Pistolis “Controlled Stereospecificity of a Volume-Conserving Adiabatic Photoisomerization within a Nanotubular Self-Assembled Cage: Insights Into Machinery Behavior ”
J. Phys. Chem 2011, 115, 10665-10681 pdf

• Kaloudi-Chantzea A, Karakostas N,. Raptopoulou C. P, Psycharis V, Saridakis E, Griebel J, Hermann R, Pistolis G
“Coordination-Driven Self Assembly of a Brilliantly Fluorescent Rhomboid Cavitand Composed of Bodipy-Dye Subunits”
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132 , 16327-16329 pdf
For a highlight see '" Unquenched Fluorescent Metal Nanocages"T M Swager and D.B. Walker, Synfacts, 2, 0151 (2011)

• Balomenou I, Kaloudi-Chantzea A, Bokias G,. Kallitsis J. K, Raptopoulou C. P, Terzis A, and Pistolis G “Medium Effect on the Geometric Isomerism of a Centrosymmetrically Disubstituted Naphthalene Derivative with Flexible Methoxytriethylene Glycol Chains”
J. Phys. Chem.B , 2010, 114, 8181-8190 pdf

• I. Balomenou and G. Pistolis
“Pure Isolation and Stabilization of Energetically highly Disfavored Geometric Isomers by Controlling the Stereoselectivity of Supramolecular Interactions in Tailored Host-Guest Systems”
J. Phys. Chem.B, 2010, 114, 780-785 pdf

• I. Balomenou and G. Pistolis
“Torsional Photoisomerization Proceeding Adiabatically Through a Volume-Conserving Pathway in Uninhibited Fluid Media”
Chem. Eur. J., 2009, 15, 4228-4232 pdf

• I. Balomenou and G. Pistolis
“Experimental evidence for a highly reversible excited state equilibrium between s-cis and s-trans rotational isomers of 2-methoxynaphthalene in solution”
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 13247-13253 pdf

• M. Vasilopoulou, G. Pistolis, D. Georgiadou and P. Argitis
“Tuning the emitting colour of OLEDs through photochemical transformation: Towards single-layer three color generation”
Adv. Funct. Mat. 2007, 17, 3477-3485 pdf

• V. Vergadou, G. Pistolis , A. Michaelides, G. Varvounis, M. Siskos N. Boukos and S. Skoulika
“Self-organization of four symmetric tri-phenyl-benzene derivatives”
Crystal Growth & Design, 2006, 6, 2486-2492 pdf

• G. Pistolis and I. Balomenou
“Cyclodextrin Cavity Size Effect On the Complexation and Rotational Dynamics of the Laser dye 2,5- Diphenyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole: From Singly-Occupied Complexes to their Nanotubular Self-Assemblies”
J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 16428-16438 pdf

• G. Pistolis, A. K. Andreopoulou, A. Malliaris, and J. K. Kallitsis
“Direct observation of odd-even effect in dilute polymeric solutions: A time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study”
J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109, 11538-11543 pdf

• G. Pistolis, A. K. Andreopoulou, A. Malliaris, and J. K. Kallitsis
“Effect of the Chain Length on the Photonic Efficiency of Aromatic-Aliphatic Dendronized Polyethers”
Macromolecules, 2004, 37, 1524-1530 pdf

• G. Pistolis and A. Malliaris
“Evidence for Highly Selective Supramolecular Formation between Perylene/γ -CD and Pyrene/ γ-CD Complexes in Water
J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 2846-2850 pdf


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Meagan Kline

Meagan Kline Headshot WEB
Meagan Kline is an exercise physiologist at the Intermountain Heart Institute at Intermountain Medical Center in Murray. She received her Bachelor of Science at the University of Utah and recently finished her Master of Exercise Science at The George Washington University in Washington, DC. Her areas of focus and guidance have been with cardiac and pulmonary patients, as well as pediatric cancer survivors.


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No End In Sight For M&A As Medtechs Adapt To The “New Normal”

Executive Summary

The global medtech industry may be facing slow growth, rising regulatory demands and not exactly free-flowing venture capital investment. But EY finds reasons for optimism and sees opportunities for companies able to cope with the changes and move with alacrity.

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text:
Looking at Foreign Women

1 – Sa’id bin Jubayr:

“It is not permitted for the Muslim woman to be seen by a stranger except that she has a covering over her khimar, and she pulls that tightly around her head and neck.”

2 – Malik bin Anas:

“There is no problem with a woman eating with other than her close relatives (mahram).”

3 – Abu Ja’far at-Tahawi:

“It is allowed for the people to look at those who are stranger (non-mahram) to them from among the women, to their faces and hands, and that has been forbidden for the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and that is the saying of Abu Hanifah and Abi Yusuf and Muhammad.”

4 – Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr:

“And to look at her hands and her face is permitted for everyone who looks at her without a doubtful reason and without a disliked reason.”

5 – al-Baghawi:

“It is not allowed for the man to look at anything from her except the face and the hands, except when there is fear of temptation.”

6 – al-Qadi ‘Iyad:

“The scholars have said that it is not obligatory for the woman to cover her face while she is on her way. Rather, this is a preferred action for her, and it is obligatory for the man to lower his gaze from her in all situations.”

7 – Ibn al-Qattan:

“And we have mentioned that it is allowed for the woman to expose her face and hands. So, glancing at these is allowed with the condition that there is no fear of temptation and the look is not out of desire. If the look is out of desire, there is nothing other than forbiddance.”

8 – Ibn Muflih al-Hambali:

“And our saying is the saying of a group of the Shafi’is and other than them: that the glance at the foreign woman without desire or seclusion with her (is allowed). So, they are not to be reprimanded if they expose their faces in the streets.”

9 – Ibn Rislan (one of the explainers of ‘Sunan at-Tirmidhi‘):

“The glance at the foreign woman is allowed provided there is security from temptation.”

10 – A group of scholars of the four schools of thought of our times said, in ‘al-Fiqh ‘ala al-Madhahib al-‘Arba’ah’:

“It is permitted to look at them when there is security from temptation.”

[Collected from al-Albani’s ‘ar-Radd ul-Mufhim‘; p. 119-120]

3 Responses to “Looking at Foreign Women”

  1. plz upload the translation of the book of Albani named silsilh as sahiha. plz help me. i need this book

  2. Where can I find good and inexpensive child care in North Austin?

  3. […] Posted by nonameyet Looking at a non-mehram woman is not allowed So don't look. It's not that black and white anyway. Unless you live in Saudi or Afghanistan, it's not even […]

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text:
autumns’ light & delight

fall pears
fall fire1 fall fire2  fall light
the sun is low now and the crispy autumn air is here.
the first snow fell on the mountain top and we light the first fire in the oven.
the warm days are gone and I can feel the winter coming.
looking forward to cosy hours inside home, handcrafting and reading, inchaallah.
praying for those who have no home
and wishing you a blissful weekend.

One thought on “autumns’ light & delight

  1. Your home is warm and lovely Itto. Fall and Winter are the perfect seasons to rest for a while, to enjoy our cosy places and be grateful for having a place to live in and be safe.
    Stay well and blessed

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Opening the iBooks Store.If iBooks doesn't open, click the iBooks app in your Dock.Progress Indicator

iTunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection.

We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download the free app Bike Mania Pack 1 by, get iTunes now.

Already have iTunes? Click I Have iTunes to open it now.

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iTunes for Mac + PC

Bike Mania Pack 1

Open iTunes to buy and download apps.

The first 20 levels of the original and most popular bike game, with MILLIONS of online plays, comes to iOS devices for FREE!

- Real-time biking engine.

- Two ways to bike - Tilt your device or use the specially designed Slider system.

- Bike across 20 challenging levels.

- Takes advantage of HD RETINA display.

What's New in Version 1.9

Fix for In App Purchases on iOS 8 and a minor bug fix

iPhone Screenshot 1
iPhone Screenshot 2
iPhone Screenshot 3
iPhone Screenshot 4
iPhone Screenshot 5
iPad Screenshot 1
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iPad Screenshot 3
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Customer Reviews

Good game

Good game

Bike Mania Pack 1
View in iTunes
This app is designed for both iPhone and iPad
  • Free
  • Category: Games
  • Updated:
  • Version: 1.9
  • Size: 15.2 MB
  • Language: English
  • Seller:

Compatibility: Requires iOS 4.3 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

Customer Ratings

Current Version:
All Versions:

Top In-App Purchases

  1. 6 Level Skips$0.99


text:
Opening the iBooks Store.If iBooks doesn't open, click the iBooks app in your Dock.Progress Indicator

iTunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection.

We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To buy and download FlipPix Jigsaw - China by GabySoft, get iTunes now.

Already have iTunes? Click I Have iTunes to open it now.

I Have iTunes Free Download
iTunes for Mac + PC

FlipPix Jigsaw - China

By GabySoft

Open iTunes to buy and download apps.

An old Japanese logic puzzle takes on a new look with FlipPix Jigsaw! Touch tiles to paint them or break them to form colorful images. The goal is to use logic to determine which tiles should be filled to reveal a hidden picture.

FlipPix Jigsaw provides a new twist to FlipPix Art puzzles. Each of the individual puzzles forms a piece of a larger picture. After the puzzles are solved, the pieces of the picture must then be rearranged to form the final image.

It's not just The Great Wall! China is filled with history and beauty and we've tapped just a tiny portion of it. China has 73 puzzles in three sizes for a total of 219 puzzles, ranging from very easy to quite challenging levels of play.

FlipPix Jigsaw is designed specifically for iPad and incorporates a type of logic puzzle often referred to as a nonogram or griddler.

A short tutorial on the basics of the game is included.

iPad Screenshots

iPad Screenshot 1
iPad Screenshot 2
iPad Screenshot 3
iPad Screenshot 4

Customer Reviews

I want more puzzles

I have purchased all the flip pix puzzles. I thoroughly enjoy these puzzles and would like to solve more. Are there any more coming out?

Pleasant Pastime

Play this puzzle *compulsively*. :-/ Attractive graphic design with Asian elements against an antique brown background. The antique design elements might be accentuated with more vivid contrasts and possibly more options added for variety. Pleasant sounds, although the loud brass GONG announcing a mistake is little annoying. It would be very helpful for the game boards to have larger squares to be able to play 20 x 20 games without squinting and trouble highlighting squares (cramped, clumsy fingers). Enjoy the game!

Beautiful graphics, pleasant sounds and great options on a fun game! One thing I'd like to see changed; it would be great if the game didn't show the title of the puzzle until all the pieces were finished. For example, one of the jigsaw puzzles is the Great Wall of China. It would be more fun if it didn't have that printed at the bottom until all the individual pieces were completed. But that's just my opinion. It's a fantastic app!

FlipPix Jigsaw - China
View in iTunes
  • $1.99
  • Category: Games
  • Released:
  • Version: 1.3
  • Size: 12.9 MB
  • Language: English
  • Seller:

Compatibility: Requires iOS 5.0 or later. Compatible with iPad.

Customer Ratings

We have not received enough ratings to display an average for the current version of this application.


text:
Be Good, My Children

A family's pursuit of the American dream is tested by its hard-working, religious mother and her two "employment-challenged" grown children.

Premiere Date
November 1, 1993
45 minutes
Funding Initiative
Open Call

Christine Chang

We fund untold stories for public media.

Learn more about funding opportunities with ITVS.

The Film

Be Good, My Children is a low budget experimental narrative about a Korean immigrant family in New York. Judy is a culturally assimilated young woman who aspires to become an actress despite her mother's disapproval. Her determination is encouraged by a fantasy character named "Mae East."


text:
warningThe most recent report for 101india.com is a little outdated. Please generate new report.
comprehensive website review & analysis logo

comprehensive website review & analysis

successHigh score
mediumMedium score
lowLow score
infoInfo only

Report for 101india.com

  • screenshot of 101india.com
  • Score:

    Generated on Monday, June 13th 2016 6:22 am

Top Priorities

Please SUBSCRIBE to see the full list of personalized tasks.
Show more Show less

Traffic Rank

237,835 most visited website in the World Trend: down (+65,567)
20,917 most visited website in IN India
Traffic Rank is provided by Alexa

Visitors Localization

Low map legend High
CountryPercentDomain (ccTLD)Status
IN India91.2%101india.inNot available.
US United States2.5%101india.usNot available.
Registering country code top level domains (ccTLD) can prevent potential competitors from taking advantage of your primary domain reputation. It is also one of the ways to improve country specific SEO and performance. (http://www.searchenginejournal.com/seo-without-boarders-a-guide-to-international-seo-nick-paterman/60092/)

We have located images with missing ALT attribute.
Number of images: 35
Missing alt tag: 15

List of images with missing ALT attributes:

  • https://www.facebook.com/tr?ev=6034515359526&cd[value]=0.01&cd[curre...t=1
  • https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=485063075030172&ev=PageView&noscript=1
  • https://www.101india.com/sites/all/themes/new_101_india_theme/images/read-icon.png (7 locations)
  • https://www.101india.com/sites/all/themes/new_101_india_theme/images/video-p...png (5 locations)
  • https://www.101india.com/sites/default/files/styles/hp_whats_section/public/...Sou
The "alt" attribute provides a text equivalent for the image. If the browser cannot display an image the alt description will be given in its place. Furthermore, some visitors cannot see images as they might be blind in which the alt tag provides a valuable image description. Finally, search engines utilize the alt attribute for image search indexing. (www.w3.org/QA/Tips/altAttribute)

We have found following title:

"101 India"

Length: 9 characters
The <TITLE> element provides a short piece of text describing the document. The title is very important as it shows in the window title bars, bookmarks and search results. Title should be between 60 to 80 characters long. (www.w3.org/QA/Tips/good-titles)

Description Metatag

We have found following description:

"101 India is an online youth focused content portal serving entertaining videos, photo essays, blogs and listicles aimed at connecting urban Indian audiences. The best stories of culture, sub culture and counter culture across the Indian subcontinent, right here."

Length: 263 characters

Warning: The description is 263 characters long. The optimal description should not exceed 160 characters (http://www.seomoz.org/learn-seo/meta-description).

The description attribute should provide a concise explanation of a Web page's content. Also, the description is often displayed on search engine results and can indirectly affect page ranking. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_element#The_description_attribute)

Keywords Metatag

We have found 21 keywords:
  • humour
  • quirky
  • edgy
  • young
  • indian
  • culture
  • art
  • love
  • sex
  • relationships
  • food
  • travel
  • music
  • fiction
  • stories
  • content
  • laugh
  • lol
  • youth
  • new age
  • counterculture
Length: 167 characters
The keywords attribute was utilized by search engines to provide more accurate search results. Due to the over usage and spamming the keywords attribute has been phased out and is no longer relevant. Google doesn't use the "keywords" meta tag in web search ranking.(googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.se/2009/09/google-does-not-use-keywords-meta-tag.html)

Text to HTML Ratio

The Text to HTML ratio is 7.76%
Original content is by far the single most important element to search engines. Low Text to HTML ratio indicates little content for search engines to index. We consider it to be good practice to have a Text to HTML ratio of at least 10% and ideal above 20%

Keyword Density & Consistency

Consistent Keywords % Density # Count T Title D Desc. H <H> A ALT B
man who0.71%3--1--
101 india0.48%211---
across india0.48%2--1--
kilometres across0.48%2--1--
muhammad ali0.48%2--1--
first female graffiti0.48%2--1--
female graffiti artist0.48%2--1--
kilometres across india0.48%2--1--
previewing euro 20160.48%2--1--
india's first female0.48%2--1--

Warning: Keywords density of above 5% might have negative impact on search engine listing

Keywords density and consistency are notable factors for optimal page SEO. Preferred keywords should have higher keywords density indicating their importance. Optimally, preferred keywords should also be consistently utilized in multiple essential areas of the page such as title, description meta tag, h1 through h6 headings, alt image attributes, backlinks and internal links anchor text. Keyword density of above 5% is a good indication that the word or phrase appears too many time in the content. (more information)

Yes, 1 inline frame(s) detected.
It is not recommended to use frames or iframes because they can cause problems for search engines. It is best to avoid frames and inline frames whenever possible (searchenginewatch.com/article/2064573/Search-Engines-and-Frames). If frames must be utilized consider <noframes> tag. (www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_noframes.asp).

No flash detected.
Flash and other reach-media technologies should primarily be utilized for decorative purposes. This makes your site more search engine friendly and improves accessibility (support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=72746#1).

  • 0

  • 16

    • In Search Of A Snow Leopard
    • 'Bigotry Took the Lives Of 50 People In Orlando. How Being LGBTQ Is An Ongoing Struggle'
    • Dinner With The Dons (Part 2)
    • Dizy – India's First Female Graffiti Artist Is The Opposite Of What I Expected
    • Siddis: In It For The Long Run
    • A Visual Tribute To Water
    • Previewing Euro 2016: The Tragedy, The Farce, And The Unfettered Joy
    • I Happened To Find Myself At A Kumbh Mela
    • Dinner With The Dons (Part 1)
    • Pondicherry – A Beach Surf-ari
    • I'm Trying To Ride 1 Lakh Kilometres Across India This Year
    • Ferryman Of The Dead | Lallu Manjhi
    • Muhammad Ali Took On The Man, Both Inside The Boxing Ring And Outside
    • "I Discovered Windows One Afternoon And Nothing Was Ever The Same." - Anne Spollen
    • The Man Who Fries Fish With His Fingers
    • {{x.title}}
  • 0

  • 0

  • 0

  • 0

The
 to
 tags are used to define HTML headings. The
 tag should hold the title describing the content of a specific page therefore only one h1 tag is needed per page. There can be any number of h2 - h6 tags but they should be added in order of importance (www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_hn.asp).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration tells the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in. It is good practice to always add the <!DOCTYPE> declaration to the HTML documents, so that the browser knows what type of document to expect. (www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_DOCTYPE.asp)

Character Encoding

UTF-8 (Unicode)
Covers: Worldwide
To display an HTML page correctly, the browser must know what character-set to use (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML).

Declared Language: en (English)
Language Attribute: en (English)
The HTML "lang" attributes and language metatag define the base language to be used for displaying text and characters on a Website. www.mcanerin.com/en/articles/meta-language.asp

W3C Markup Validation

Status: FAILED [9 errors, 0 warning(s)]
It is good practice to use valid HTML/XHTML markup as it ensures that the search engines can read the website correctly as well as it improves cross browser compatibility (W3C Markup Validation Service).

Deprecated HTML elements

Good, no deprecated elements found.
A deprecated element is one that has been outdated by newer constructs. Deprecated elements may become obsolete in future versions of HTML so it is recommended not to use them. (webdesign.about.com/od/htmltags/a/bltags_deprctag.htm)

Nested HTML Tables

Great, no nested tables detected.
In general it is not recommended to use nested tables or to utilize tables for page layout. Nested tables are known to cause performance issues due to increased HTML size and rendering time. It is better to use CSS layout instead.

Web Analytics

Yes, we have detected following web analytics tools:
  • Google analytics icon Google™ Analytics
Web Analytics Tools collect and measure information about visitor activity on a website. Well interpreted web traffic data is invaluable in determining a successfully web strategy and assessing the effectiveness of a website. At a minimum, we recommend to utilize at least one web analytics tool.

A robots.txt file restricts access to your site by search engine robots that crawl the web. (www.robotstxt.org/robotstxt.html)

XML Sitemap

Found following XML sitemap(s):
Sitemaps inform search engines about pages available for crawling. In its simplest form, a Sitemap is an XML file that lists URLs for a site along with additional metadata about each URL. XML sitemap should help search engines to crawl the site more intelligently. (http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html)

Mobile Rendering

Mobile internet usage has been exceeding PC's since 2014 and growing so it is critical for pages to render correctly on mobile devices.

Mobile Optimization

Mobile PageSpeed analyzes webpages and evaluates its performance while providing suggestions on reducing page load times. Google is incorporating website speed in search ranking (http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/site-speed)

Mobile Experience

Mobile users have now become a critical part of online visits. Making the website mobile friendly is no longer an option but rather necessity. (https://developers.google.com/webmasters/smartphone-sites/)

The Favicon is a small icon associated with a website. The Favicon is important because it is displayed next to the website's URL in the address bar of the browser as well as in bookmarks and shortcuts. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon)

Custom 404 Error Page

Yes, custom 404 error page detected.
A 404 is a standard http response code for a resource that cannot be located on the server. Webservers usually return a "404 Not Found" error page for non-existing pages. Unfortunately, these default error pages are very generic and a not very user friendly, therefore, using a custom 404 error page is highly recommended.

Process of returning http status code "200 OK" for a non-existent page or redirecting users to another url is called soft 404. Soft 404 errors are problematic for search engines and are not advisable. (https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/181708)

Could not locate print-friendly CSS.
Print-friendly pages are designed to fit on an 8.5"x11" or A4 sheet and usually include only the content of the page, along with source information. (webdesign.about.com/od/printerfriendly/a/aa041403a.htm)

W3C CSS Validation

Status: FAILED [65 error(s)]
It is recommended to use valid CSS to ensure that the website displays correctly. (W3C CSS Validation Service).

Page Rank

PR: 0 out of 10 (Very Poor)
PageRank is Google's measure of the importance of a page. It is based on complex algorithmes evaluating page content, authority, keyword density, back links, traffic, demand and more. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PageRank)

Indexed Pages

Estimated number of pages indexed by Bing™: about 10
The higher number of indexed pages the more content search engines can index, which increases overall value of the website. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_indexing)

Domain Age

Your domain was registerd for the first time: 2 years, 2 months, 6 hours ago.
Age of the domain is one of the many signals that search engines utilize for ranking. Brand new domains generally have more difficult time to rank high for the first few months. (http://www.coconutheadphones.com/does-domain-agematter)

Domain Expiration

Your domain expires in: 2 years, 9 months, 30 days.
Domain expiration far in to the future is considered a good practice as it promotes confidence in your website, decreases chances of losing domain and in certain cases might help with search engine ranking. (http://www.hover.com/blog/three-reasons-to-renew-your-domain-names-for-five-years)

IP Canonicalization

No, your site's IP does not redirect to 101india.com.
Some web spiders index websites using IP as well as domain name which can cause duplicate content if there is no IP Canonicalization. (www.mattcutts.com/blog/seo-advice-url-canonicalization)

URL Canonicalization

Yes, both the www.101india.com and 101india.com resolve to the same URL.
Warning: Current redirect is "HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect" but it should be "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently"
Domain name with WWW and without can be considered as different pages causing duplicate content for search engines. (www.mattcutts.com/blog/seo-advice-url-canonicalization)

Page Speed

Google Page Speed score: 34% (Low)
Rq. Requests Hst. Hosts LT Load time Html Img Images JS JavaScript CSS F Flash O Other PS Page Size
66124.20s74.3 KB2.94 MB1.27 MB186.38 KB0 B3.45 KB4.47 MB

Avoid landing page redirects
Enable compression
Leverage browser caching
Reduce server response time
Minify CSS
Minify HTML
Minify JavaScript
Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Optimize images
Prioritize visible content

Subscribe for more details
PageSpeed analyzes webpages and evaluates its performance while providing suggestions on reducing page load times. Google is now incorporating website speed in search ranking (http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/site-speed)

Server Information

Server IP:
Server Location:
US -, -

Name Server 1:
a1-117.akam.net (
Name Server 2:
a10-64.akam.net (
Name Server 3:
a11-65.akam.net (
Name Server 4:
a12-66.akam.net (
Name Server 5:
a6-67.akam.net (
Name Server 6:
a9-64.akam.net (
Your server's IP address and location have minor impact on the country specific SEO. It is recommend to host the website in the country where the number of vistors is desired to be the highest. Search engines take the geolocation of a server into account. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXt23AXlJJU)

Issued To:
Common Name (CN):
Common Name (CN):
Symantec Class 3 Secure Server CA - G4
Oranization (O):
Symantec Corporation
Oranizational Unit (OU):
Symantec Trust Network
Period of Validity
Begins On:
Expires On:
Google™ is now treating HTTPS as a ranking signal. HTTPS is a secure web protocol that allows for encrypted communication between website and the client. HTTPS protocol requires your website to have an SSL certificate, which can be purchased from a Certificate Authority (CA) or SSL vendor. (http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.in/2014/08/https-as-ranking-signal_6.html).

Safe Browsing

Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that enables applications to check URLs against Google's constantly updated lists of suspected phishing and malware pages. (http://www.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?site=101india.com)

Spam Blacklist

Good, your IP is not blacklisted.
Spammer directories provide lists of IPs from which spam distribution is reported. Emails sent from the blocked IPs are subject to closer scrutiny and are much less likely to be delivered. For email campaigns it is recommended to utilize professional email services to ensure that your website IP is not blocked. (www.stopforumspam.com)

Email Address Obfuscation

Great, this webpage does not contain email addresses displayed in plain text.
It is recommended to obfuscate email addresses posted in public. This prevents email addresses from being automatically harvested by spam bots which helps to decrease number of unsolicited emails.

Directory Browsing

Great, your server has directory browsing disabled.
Protect Webserver directories from unwanted browsing. To enhance security, directory browsing should be disabled unless you have a specific reason to enable it. If you enable directory browsing, make sure that you only enable it on the particular directory or directories that you want to share. (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731109)

Whois Privacy

No contact information available.
Whois Privacy is a service that prevents domain owner contact information from being displayed in the publicly available Whois records. This can help to cut down on unwanted spam but utilizing Whois privacy should be evaluated against business model and branding strategy.

Server Signature

Good, your server does not provide version information.
Attackers can utilize server signature versioning information to their advantage therefore it is recommended to disable it when possible. (Disable server signature for Apache or IIS).

Professionals that can help with your website:

Your NameCompany NameCity, United States+1 5555555555
More Info


text:
Institute for War and Peace Reporting | Giving Voice, Driving Change

Enclave Issues Challenge Uzbek, Kyrgyz Leaders

Fraught political relationship makes fixing local problems that much more difficult.
By Altynai Myrzabekova, Inga Sikorskaya
  • View of the Sokh enclave, which belongs to Uzbekistan but is located inside Kyrgyz territory. (Photo: IWPR)
    View of the Sokh enclave, which belongs to Uzbekistan but is located inside Kyrgyz territory. (Photo: IWPR)

Life in Sokh, a piece of Uzbek territory inside Kyrgyzstan, may be getting back to normal, but experts warn that the many unresolved issues around the enclave could lead to further tensions.

Trouble broke out on January 5 when Sokh residents confronted Kyrgyz electricity workers who had strayed across a road that forms the boundary with Uzbek territory. The following day, a group of people from Sokh raided the nearby Kyrgyz village of Charbak, damaging property and holding a number of residents captive for a while.

“It was like being in a war,” one eyewitness told IWPR. (For a report on the clashes, see Kyrgyzstan Enclave in Turmoil.)

As a way of containing the unrest, Sokh was effectively cut off from the rest of Uzbekistan. The border crossing on the road that leads through Kyrgyz territory to the enclave was shut, halting all travel and trade.

The Uzbek authorities made a conciliatory gesture by paying compensation for the damage done in Charbak.

The border was fully reopened after talks between officials from the two countries, Gulmira Borubaeva, spokesperson for Kyrgyzstan’s border guards, said on February 1.

The tensions had practical implications for residents of the area. It took more than a week to negotiate deliveries of aid and basic supplies to Sokh, and migrant workers returning to the enclave had to wait for the border to reopen.

Sokh sits in the middle of southern Kyrgyzstan’s Batken region, a sliver of land sandwiched between Uzbekistan to the north and Tajikistan to the south. The main way of travelling between Batken’s eastern and western parts is via Sokh – in other words, foreign territory.

Borubaeva said that as part of their agreement, officials committed to “ensuring unhindered travel for residents of Batken region via the Sokh and Shahimardan enclaves”.

Shahimardan is another Uzbek enclave located further east in Batken.

Experts in both countries told IWPR that long-running frictions specific to territorial enclaves, in addition to a general failure to demarcate and manage the long Kyrgyz-Uzbek border winding through the Ferghana Valley, meant further problems were likely.

Mars Sariev, an analyst in the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek, explained that Uzbekistan has long been concerned by the lack of direct access to its territory in Sokh. Travellers using the connecting road have to go through Kyrgyz border controls.

Uzbekistan has in the past proposed a swap where the Kyrgyz would cede the road in exchange for another chunk of land. But Sariev said this was unlikely as Kyrgyzstan would not want to create a long barrier that all but divided Batken.

Then there is the issue of frontier demarcation, which remains only partially complete. In the case of Sokh, the formal boundary line separating it from the surrounding Kyrgyz lands has yet to be drawn, except from one seven-kilometre stretch fenced off with barbed wire.

“The rest is still disputed, and barbed wire can’t be laid as there’s been no process of delimitation,” Sariev said.

Kyrgyz border guards spokesperson Borubaeva confirmed to IWPR that defensive structures like fences could only exist along “sections of the frontier stretches that have been agreed by both sides”.

The population of Sokh – a town and some nearby villages – consists mainly of ethnic Tajiks rather than Uzbeks. The numbers have risen to close to 70,000, and the residents need access to farmland and pastures. So do the nearby Kyrgyz villages, and land disputes are more than likely to occur when no one is really clear about what belongs to each country.

“I can understand the Tajiks. It’s a small territory and they need pastures to feed their livestock,” Sariev commented. “It’s a no-win situation. Either they’ll be forced to leave, or the situation will deteriorate.”

An additional obstacle to resolving questions about Sokh is that Uzbekistan continues to exploit underground natural gas deposits at a nearby site called Borgondu, despite a past agreement on paper to cede it to Kyrgyzstan.

“This area has been officially handed over, but Uzbekistan’s infrastructure for gas production and storage remains there and is still in use,” Sariev said.

These local issues relate to the specific problems of managing an enclave so that neither state lose out. But they are also part of the much larger picture of difficult relations between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Uzbek president Islam Karimov keeps his own population firmly under control, and he is mistrustful of Kyrgyzstan for its occasional revolutions and attempts to create democratic institutions. Mass violence between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the south of Kyrgyzstan in June 2010 further eroded Tashkent’s confidence in its neighbour.

From a Kyrgyz perspective, Uzbekistan is an uncertain neighbour prone to cut off natural gas supplies and seal the border whenever it is irked.

Tashkent oppose plans to build new hydroelectric plants in Kyrgyzstan, as it fears they will dam up water it needs for irrigation. Sariev believes that until Uzbekistan can be confident of derailing Kyrgyzstan’s dam schemes, it will be reluctant to conclude negotiations on border demarcation.

On a more practical level, negotiations on border issues are complicated by the rigidly hierarchical system in Uzbekistan. Kyrgyz officials who attend bilateral complain that their Uzbek opposite numbers constantly have to refer back to Tashkent, obstructing progress.

Kurbanbay Iskandarov, a member of the Kyrgyz delegations on frontier demarcation, told the news agency that while his team engaged local experts from disputed areas and listened to their ideas, the Uzbeks took advice only from their superiors in Tashkent.

Sukhrob Ismailov, head of the Expert Working Group, a think-tank in Tashkent, agreed that the talks process was slow because no decision could be taken without President Karimov’s approval.

Uzbek negotiators, he said, “may discuss things, they may propose something, but once they return to Tashkent, it becomes apparent that these matters are going to under discussion for a long time yet”.

“In Tashkent, everything is up to Karimov,” he added.

Altynai Myrzabekova is an IWPR-trained journalist in Kyrgyzstan. Inga Sikorskaya is an IWPR editor.

If you would like to comment or ask a question about this story, please contact our Central Asia editorial team at

More IWPR's Global Voices

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Locals note gradual move away from highly politicised dissent towards more professional standards.
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logo Resources :: Parent POM

The parent POM of the resources project. Defines the group ID, source control management, project properties.

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logo Webpipes

Webpipes is a library to manage web resources like javascript and css files which need processing before being served. It manages processing like minimization, file merging, css generation from less, linters, jsx transformation. Resources can be managed as streams from source, or regularly checked cached resources, or to be generated with an Ant task. This module adds support for JSX transformer from React.

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Weekly Photo Challenge: Create

Create~ “to cause to exist; bring into being. To produce through artistic or imaginative effort.”  (the Free Dictionary online)

I created the image,  found the quote online and placed the quote on the image.  I can’t  say I created the tomatoes!  But I did plant them and care for them! 😉

All text and images are copyright © 2002-2012 and are the exclusive property of Judy Johnson (unless otherwise indicated). All Rights Reserved. All Images are protected under United States and International copyright laws. None of the images on this site are in the Public Domain.

32 thoughts on “Weekly Photo Challenge: Create

    • aRVee….I have to confess…you helped me come up with an idea for the challenge. I didn’t have a photo picked yet…I saw your quote and thought… Great idea! I have some photos with quotes on them I haven’t used on the blog yet. Thank you….I like yours also. And thanks for triggering my brain to come up with an idea quickly! 😉

  1. Judy! Well done on the pic! What a harvest! I can only dream my fingers are as green as yours. Have a great week too!

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    • Thanks, Judy! Yes, they were good. To me, nothing is like biting into a warm tomato fresh from the garden! (after washing, of course!) I’m hoping the rain has stopped in Duluth, and the floods have receded. I worry about the damage that was done. So sad. Hoping you, your family and friends are still okay.

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Turquoise Scribble Leggings

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Artwork was created and donated by Macie, Kindergarten.

$3.60 from the purchase of this A+ Spelling Skirt goes directly to help the children of Jonathan's Place. A non-profit that protects and houses child victims of abuse, abandonment and neglect. On behalf of these beautiful children, thank you for your love.

Our Future Goal: Often times a parent is also a victim. We are working toward hiring that parent to help give him/her an opportunity to learn job skills, provide safety and create a stable future for their child.

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Last night I was reading Marie Rutkoski’s so-far fabulous The Cabinet of Wonders and I ran across a reference to Archimedes continuing to draw in the dirt as he’s attacked by a Roman soldier (and then a little while later a character started to talk about the concept of zero, which Petra, our heroine, had never heard of before)  But the smartness of the book isn’t my point.  My point is that I’d never heard that story about Archimedes until a few hours earlier – when I was at work listening to that shining star in the firmament of historical fiction, The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Volume 1: The Pox Party. At least, I’m pretty that’s where I heard it, because it’s the most logical place for anyone to be talking about Archimedes.  But since I was listening to it, that makes it trickier to flip back and double check.

Petra was disturbed by it – she sees it in a frieze above the castle’s library doors, and she wonders whether he’s meant as a warning or a role model.  I might have to grab a copy of Octavian Nothing if it’s in at the library, just to double check, because now I’m curious about Octavian’s comments on the story.  What’s funny is that now this is really the only thing I know about ol’ Archimedes…

For about the millionth time since I packed up my books and put them in storage, I’ve wanted to check or reread something I own.  This is driving me crazy.  I have a lovely copy of Octavian, in a box.  I’ve also wanted my copies of a few of the Vicky Bliss books, Ballet Shoes, some assorted Newbery medalists, my L.M. Montgomery paperbacks, and probably a few other things.  Not like I can’t get them out of the library easily, but there’s a reason I have my own copy of things.  And it’s been less than 2 months.  Of course, if they weren’t in boxes, I’d probably have no interest in rereading them.


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 The National Mall

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The National Mall

Rethinking Washington’s Monumental Core

The National Mall in Washington, D.C., has held an important place in the American psyche since the early nineteenth century. Home to monuments and museums dedicated to the ideals upon which the United States rests, the Mall serves as a gathering place for public protest and celebration. But as the nation ages and the population diversifies, demands for additional structures and uses have sparked debates over the Mall's future and the necessity of preserving its legacy and the vision of its designers.

The National Mall addresses these issues with a novel and compelling collection of essays, the work of leading design professionals, historians, and social scientists. Supplemented by eye-catching illustrations and photographs, this cross-disciplinary examination follows the discussion over the Mall's design and use, from its conceptual origins as part of Pierre Charles L'Enfant's vision for the capital to the 1902 McMillan Plan to the present day and beyond. It assesses how architectural, societal, and political changes have altered the park-like space between the Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial and explores the influence that disparate interest groups and creeping corporatism have already had on—and are likely to exert upon—America's public square.

The National Mall presents an overarching account of how a democratic society plans, creates, and expands a national ceremonial space, opening the way for a broadly based inquiry into the Mall as it was, is, and will become. Urban planners, architectural and design historians, and engaged citizens will be challenged and well served by the thoughtful essays collected by Nathan Glazer and Cynthia R. Field.

Nathan Glazer is an emeritus professor of sociology and education at Harvard University. He is the author or editor of many books on public policy and urban problems, among them The Public Face of Architecture and From a Cause to a Style: Modernist Architecture's Encounter with the American City. Cynthia R. Field is the architectural historian emerita at the Smithsonian Institution and a faculty member at the Corcoran College of Art. She is the coauthor of The Castle: An Illustrated History of the Smithsonian Building.

"The scope of this volume is such as to encompass every major development during more than a century, from planning for the re-use of an open field to today's political maneuvering."

"Collection of essays by a number of Mall-savvy authors fully explores the Mall's past, present and potential future, identifying problems and opportunities."

"The eclectic mix of essays brings together the work of historians, anthropologists, sociologists, poets, planners, and advocates who seek to 'rethink' the past and future of the Natural Mall. The collection offers some intriguing insights."

"This publication succeeds admirably in interpreting the Mall for nonexperts and alerting those with responsibility for it to the serious threats it faces."

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3 Things That Really Bother Me

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Yep, three things that really bother me… about myself.

This post has been brewing for a while. Over my years of being more involved in social issues and engaged Buddhism, I’ve become aware of three behaviors that I engage in that really drive me nuts about myself and have me feeling like a hypocrite. In fact, I am a hypocrite because of these things.

Right, I know we should have compassion for ourselves, and I do. Really, I do. When I say this to you, it’s not because I’m being overly hard on myself. It’s because I’m trying to be honest with myself and aspire to something better. (Which I realize is not exactly a Zen perspective, although Suzuki Roshi did once say something like, “You are perfect just as you are, and you can also use a little improvement.)

So here they are:

1. I pay taxes. All of them.

Somewhere between 20% and 54% of our federal income tax goes to support military expenses, depending on who you believe and how it’s counted. See these pie charts from the War Resisters’ League.

It’s been said that if you pay tax, you’re paying for war. Let’s face it, my dollars are going to support a military-industrial complex that I do not agree with. It’s not the people who are in the military that I am against, but it is the deeply ingrained assumption that we need to resolve conflicts with massive amounts of arms that create massive devastation. My tax dollars are helping to fuel that behavior.

And yet, I still pay my taxes.

2. I drive a car.

Those of you who know me know that I can go on a big rant about the harm caused by automobiles and other gas-powered vehicles.

This kind of automotive use has led to:

  • a depletion of non-renewable energy sources, and therefore to our military presence and aggressive intervention in the Middle East to “protect our interests;”
  • air and noise pollution;
  • miles of precious earth paved over with asphalt;
  • loss of life (37.5% of accidental deaths in the U.S. are attributed to motor vehicle accidents);
  • and more (like I said, I can go on and on, but I’ll spare you here)

For two years, from 2002 – 2004, I did live without a car, quite happily, in Northampton, MA. I bought a car when I moved back to California, and I have that same car here in Santa Fe, NM. I drive it pretty much every day, often for trips I don’t really need to be taking.

3. Many of my purchases support huge corporations rather than people right in my community.

Sure, I try to shop local as much as I can, but the truth is I can get pretty mindless about my consumption. I’ll head to Target if I’m feeling lazy and don’t want to spend the time trying to find what I need at a locally-owned store, or searching through Craigslist. I usually buy from Amazon rather than a local bookstore. And even this website links to an Amazon page.

And yet… change is always possible. Sometimes we have to start small.

One of the wonderful things about blogging is that you become accountable in a very public way. So I want to use that public accountability to make three promises to myself. And I’ll check in with you about them in six months, October 2011.

1) As a first small step to exploring tax resistance, I’m going to stop paying the federal excise tax on my phone bill.

2) I promise myself to give myself one car-free day each week.

3) By October, I will change the Jizo Chronicles online bookstore from Amazon to BetterWorld Books, a company that donates millions of dollars to support literacy initiatives around the world and is committed to recycling books and other materials.

Keep an eye on me and hold me to my word.

How about you — what’s on your “this is really bothering me” list?

If you enjoyed this post, I invite you to visit my other website: The Liberated Life Project — a personal transformation blog with a social conscience.

About Maia

I've been practicing and studying the Buddha way since 1994, and exploring the question "What is engaged Buddhism?" since the late 90s. As former executive director of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship and editor of its journal, Turning Wheel, I had the honor of meeting and working with many practitioners of engaged dharma, including Roshi Joan Halifax, Joanna Macy, Alan Senauke, and Robert Aitken Roshi. I write about socially engaged Buddhism on my blog, "The Jizo Chronicles," as well as on the theme of personal and collective freedom on my website, "The Liberated Life Project." Through my Five Directions Consulting, I offer support to individuals and organizations who aspire to integrate awareness into their work.

9 responses »

  1. thank you so much for this post. the resources are wonderful and i would like to add my pledge to yours to look into the phone tax and to transition from amazon to better world books for all my blogs.

  2. This is great! I have long wondered about what to do with taxes. How to be ethical about paying taxes. It’s a really challenging area, and I, too, sometimes feel like a hypocrite.

    I have never owned a car. It’s not an easy thing to do, there’s been a lot of sacrifice on my part, and I understand why so many end up driving. So much of our infrastructure is car-centric, which makes it that much harder for folks who want to lessen their environmental impact. In addition, people without cars are subtly and not so subtly treated differently. I have been flat out turned down for jobs solely due to my lack of a car – even when the job didn’t require a car to perform it’s duties. People say things to me like “when you grow up, you’ll get a car.” I’m 35 years old. “Growing up” isn’t the issue here, but somehow the general view is that if you don’t drive, you’re not a fully developed adult. It’s quite a screwed up attitude, but one that rarely gets exposed because so few deliberately opt out of driving (as opposed to being unable to afford it, but wishing they could drive).

    Honestly, on my own list is the fact that I haven’t been very active in grassroots social justice work over the past two years. It’s true that I needed to ramp up my Zen/yoga practices, rest from being active, and reflect on next steps, but it’s hard sometimes to be mostly out of the more “active” end of things. I try to write as much as I can on my blog as an offering in that direction – but maintaining a contemplative/action balance is something I’m still learning to do.

  3. I think the top of my list is eating eggs and dairy products. I’ve been a vegetarian of sorts, off and on, for 45 years, but I decided 6 years ago that I was not going to eat or wear anything that came from dead critters. I was aware of the misery involved in the production of eggs and milk but since my family are not vegetarian, I compromised. As I work away from home 5 days a week, I’m virtually vegan most of the time, but the weekend eggs and cheese still bother me. (btw setting a deadline of October last year seems a tad harsh 🙂

  4. David,

    Ooops! Thanks for noticing that… I guess this is 2011, not 2010, yes?!

  5. I guess this reply isn’t about the 3 things that really bother me about me, but I hope it provides some support for all of our efforts to be compassionate with ourselves regarding the first 2 items on your list:

    It’s impossible for me to consider myself in any way responsible for what a thief does with my money after having stolen it. Likewise, given that taxes are in no way voluntary and my control over what the government does with my money in the short run is essentially nil, I don’t hold myself responsible for the wars our rulers fight just because they do it, in part, with money they’ve taken from me by force.

    As for car driving, I think what you say about the harmfulness of cars, in general, has a lot of merit, but I would offer two thoughts: the first is that there would almost certainly be a lot less car driving if it weren’t subsidized explicitly with tax money–everything from free roads to free parking–and implicitly through the failure to charge people for the pollution that their cars emit (gas taxes are a horribly inexact proxy that discourage the development of pollution reducing technology). Second, eliminating the public finance structures that encourage sprawl–such as the failure to collect land value taxes (a la Henry George) and other subsidies on the holding of title to, and over-development of, land provided by the tax code–would also reduce the amount of car driving. Car driving would be reduced still more by eliminating the monopoly privileges that hinder the market provision of taxis, private buses for hire, etc. I also suspect that the net effect of government involvement in the market for oil, on the part of the U.S. and the governments of oil exporting countries, is to increase the supply and therefore reduce the price of oil, which of course also supports more driving.

    • Lewis,

      Thanks so much for chiming in here. I really appreciate your perspective, because it shifts the focus of the question from the individual to the systemic, which is critically important.

      palms together,

  6. Off the top of my head, my 3 are my laziness, tendency to hoard (especially books, magazines, pretty much anything with words on it), and disorganization (a likely biproduct of the first two).

    Luckily, I suppose, I’ve managed to live poor and on the kindness of others so as never to pay significant taxes. I drive, but try to do so mindfully and minimally – but it’s hard living in the West, as you know. And I think I’m balanced somewhere in the middle of corporations and the local folks/2nd hand. BUT, I’m glad you brought up Betterworld Books. I’ve posted a banner from them myself and will try (laziness notwithstanding ;0) to link to them when I mention books in the future.

  7. Pingback: An Article All Anti-War Buddhists Should Read « Kloncke

  8. Pingback: The “Walk Your Talk” Campaign « The Jizo Chronicles

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