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Labor News

Workers Memorial Day to highlight jobs that kill

Eddie Mallon is 70 years old. As a Laborers Local 147 member in New York, he worked as a sandhog for 44 years. He doesn't now, because that job - eventually - will kill him.

Fight for 15 movement hits Springfield, Missouri

This Friday afternoon in Springfield, Missouri, a small group of fast food workers gathered in the meeting room of a public library to discuss their fight for a living wage.

Study: 57 percent of poultry workers suffer ergonomic ills

NIOSH found what UFCW called "a drastic level of injury" to workers even at the present speeds.

Regulatory oversight weak in aftermath of Texas City oil plant blast

But OSHA is so short-staffed, say the Steel Workers who represent the workers at Texas City that an average U.S. refinery would get a PSM inspection once every 120 years.

The BP Texas City oil plant blast: What’s changed and what hasn’t

Nine years ago, on March 23, 2005, the British Petroleum oil refinery in Texas City, Texas, an hour south of Houston, in so many words, blew up.

Fast food workers protest wage theft

Elected officials, clergy, community, and union members joined in a spirited protest outside the McDonalds in this city's Fair Haven neighborhood Mar. 18.

Nurses demand that State Department vouch for safety of XL pipeline

The NNU believes the State Department has done an indequate review of what appears to be serious risks for public health posed by the pipeline.

Disabled workers paid sub-minimum wages in sheltered workshops

People with intellectual or physical disabilities are often working in "sheltered workshops" across this nation for sub-minimum wage.

Today in women's history: Physician Sarah Dolley born

She was supportive of women's rights, and instrumental in the formation of the Women's Educational and Industrial Union in 1893.

Why Missouri's assisted healthcare system is sick

 I've witnessed healthcare workers in a suffocating environment that is dubious from start to finish.

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cgi / perl

Jul 12, 2001, 12:56 PM

Post #1 of 2 (16923 views)
cgi / perl Can't Post

I am going to take the microsoft website for an example in my description. The Microsoft website as you know has hundreds maybe thousands of web pages. When microsoft want to change on of the menus or titles at the top/bottom of the page; They don't go through every page individually ediitting it. Maybe they edit one simple perl/php/asp/cgi script which will change the whole site.

I am wanting a similar sort of site. A site where i can have many pages but all run from one simple editable script. Then if i feel i need to change the site title, I can do so in a matter of minutes.

For Example:

I don't think I have PHP or ASP active on my hosting package, but perl and cgi are. I also have sendmail option if i need it. My bandwidth my be kept to a minimum, so where possible I would like small but powerful scripts.

Hope You Can Help Me

Thank You

Andy H
AIM: RoxioUK

Jul 12, 2001, 5:50 PM

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Re: cgi / perl [In reply to] Can't Post

This post has been moved to the correct forum. The other 4 duplicates have been deleted.

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Oct 14, 2009, 7:40 AM

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Media File playtime Can't Post

Does anyone know of a module or script that I can use to determine the playtime of a media file without playing it thru media player, etc? My scenario is this:

There is a base media file, which is used as a input file to my application. This base file is then run thru my application that embeds information to the file. I would like to verify that after the file has gone thru the application the playtime of the file is still the same. The media can be both audio or video.

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Home: Perl Programming Help: DBI:
Globalisation, UTF8 and characters with Accent.

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Aug 15, 2011, 1:29 AM

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Globalisation, UTF8 and characters with Accent. Can't Post

I am trying to build a DB(using MySQL) which will contain names from all over the world. Most of the names have various accents associated with them.

1) The "Names" field on the Mysql DB has a "utf8_general_ci" collation
2) I am reading names using XML (using XML::Twig -> $twig->safe_parsefile function) and inserting them into the DB using ($dbh->do(Insert...))

I am unable to get all the accents stored in the correct way! The names have "?" or have the Ascii code like "ě" or "ū". How Do I store it correctly?

I am unable to figure out if it is a "MySQL" Collation problem or a perl Problem.

Any help / advice is much appriciated.

Thank you in advance.

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Rebound: 90 Million Eligible Workers Have Dropped Out Of Labor Force

There are 316 million people – men, women and children – living in the United States.

Of that number, approximately 245 million are eligible to work according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. By the bureau’s most recent count, there are 155,559,000 people working at some kind of job – and, as new numbers released Tuesday reveal, there are 90,609,000 more eligible workers who have elected to drop out of the labor force.

That’s more than one third of eligible workers who, for various reasons, aren’t factored into the BLS unemployment computation – which would explain, at least in part, why the unemployment rate remains stable (it’s currently at 7.2 percent, down from 7.3 percent in August.) Employment in the U.S. increased by about 133,000 people last month, but 73,000 eligible workers dropped out during the same period.

That continues a five-year trend. The pre-recession labor force remained relatively stable until late 2008, when it began a numbers dive that persists to this day. Since President Barack Obama took office, the percentage of eligible Americans participating in the labor force has sunk from 65.7 percent to a new low of 63.2 percent.

For some perspective, here’s a 10-year graph taken from the BLS website:

Personal Liberty

Ben Bullard

Reconciling the concept of individual sovereignty with conscientious participation in the modern American political process is a continuing preoccupation for staff writer Ben Bullard. A former community newspaper writer, Bullard has closely observed the manner in which well-meaning small-town politicians and policy makers often accept, unthinkingly, their increasingly marginal role in shaping the quality of their own lives, as well as those of the people whom they serve. He argues that American public policy is plagued by inscrutable and corrupt motives on a national scale, a fundamental problem which individuals, families and communities must strive to solve. This, he argues, can be achieved only as Americans rediscover the principal role each citizen plays in enriching the welfare of our Republic.

Join the Discussion

Comment Policy: We encourage an open discussion with a wide range of viewpoints, even extreme ones, but we will not tolerate racism, profanity or slanderous comments toward the author(s) or comment participants. Make your case passionately, but civilly. Please don't stoop to name calling. We use filters for spam protection. If your comment does not appear, it is likely because it violates the above policy or contains links or language typical of spam. We reserve the right to remove comments at our discretion.

  • fahkir1

    I wonder if they could get a chart showing the job decline since Obuthead got elected. Oh, sorry. Since Obuthead got fraudlected. Twice. Bet that would look like chutes and ladders, without any ladders.

    • Matforce

      • fahkir1

        Interesting, but not what I asked for. Thanks for trying.

      • Sylvin

        Mark, find and watch the whole video, not just that short 5 minute click. I know it’s hard for a talking point party loyalist to listen to anything longer than a few minutes, but you might actually learn something and finally understand what he is really saying (he is not agreeing with your political views).

  • KennyLLC

    Twenty nine hour jobs aren’t going to pay the bills or make you eligible for health insurance. Companies are restructuring labor to avoid the Obamacare mandate, and people who want real health insurance will drop-out of the labor force, opt out of Obamacare, and reinvent themselves.
    Meanwhile, the 29 hour jobs will be filled by cut-throat “guest workers” and young people living at home with mom and dad. These will also opt out of Obamacare and simply pay the fine due to their good health.
    In the end Obama looks like he is creating more jobs.

    • fahkir1

      And obuthead can go on TV and say he has created millions of jobs because everyone is going to need 3 or 4 of these 29 hour jobs just to feed their families.

  • CSN

    73,000 people dropped out of the work force? Perhaps they should say 73,000 people were furloughed from the work force, or their hours were cut so they had to look for a full time position, or get another part-time job to supplement the loss of their 40 hour work week due to ACA.

    • fahkir1

      Or 73,000 were wrongfully terminated. The UCA will be the death of the 40 hour work week, not to mention the death of America.

      • mark

        The 40 hour work week is already dead. And American capitalism killed it. What planet have you been living on? American business has been part timing more and more American workers every year for 30 years. Like this is something new? And now they have the Affordable Care Act as an excuse to do so in even larger numbers. As if they ever needed one in the past. Part timing increases profits. And profits are all that matters to American business. Whatever increases profits is good. Whatever lowers profits like paying people a living wage and good benefits is bad.

        • JDean3123

          Start your on business. In six months to a year you’ll realize how ignorant your statement is. If the job is worth $15.00 an hour, they will be paid that amount. When a business is thriving and growing, pay increases, work hours are increased and overtime is abundant. In a down economy, businesses try to hang onto good people by asking them to take a pay cut or reduce their hours. You have to trim expenses, reduce outgoing revenue to balance with what is coming in. Eventually you either have to stop paying for health insurance, reduce hours to part time or go out of business. When business drops off it is painful, but you have to let people go.
          Let’s stop the crony capitalism, stop propping up large corporations with tax dollars for political donations. I can’t afford large donations or to hire a lobbyist. I make do with what I have and I am grateful for the people that stick with me through thick and thin.
          There is no such thing as too big to fail.

        • Sylvin

          Love your generalized comments there Mark. Yes, EVERY BUSINESSMAN is the EXACT SAME! (Just like every liberal/progressive is the same, right)? EVERYONE is greedy and terrible. Every damn greedy businessman who runs a business is just for the bucks. But MARK, when he goes to work, isn’t there for the money. NO, MARK is there to HELP PEOPLE. Mark, WAKE UP. PEOPLE WORK TO MAKE MONEY, so they can SUPPORT THEIR FAMILY. That is WHY PEOPLE work.
          This is news because as more and more people can survive without working, they WON’T work. Why work when you can sit at home and make more than the job you can get? We are paying people not to work, just like we pay farmers not to grow food. This central command and control economy will continue to get worse because nobody can plan an economy correctly. The more they try to control it the more trouble we will have, and the more disasterous programs the govt. will implement (just like the AFC).

      • chocopot

        “The UCA will be the death of the 40 hour work week”

        Just one of its goals.

  • Matforce

    How are those Free Trade Agreements working out for ya? Between $600 & more then $800 BILLION in trade deficits each year shortly after China joined the WTO with MFN status to suit America, Inc. But we MUST pursue unprecedented and continued favor for the “job creators!” (how disingenuous!)

  • lokiswife

    And out of those 155,559,000 people, how many are working in jobs that require more than “Would you like fries with that?” How many of them are working in jobs that use their college education or special training? How many of them are past retirement age and working to survive a few more years? A “job” can mean a lot of things and not all of them are in the favor of workers…

    • mark

      There are also millions of Americans working in the underground economy never counted in government statistics. Those who work under the table or for cash to avoid taxes – and those who work in the illegal economy as prostitutes, shoplifters, fences, bookies, drug dealers, fraudsters, burglars, car thieves, chop shop operators, etc. The U.S. has always had one of the largest crime rates in the industrialized world that operates hand-in-hand with its capitalist system. This industry employs millions of Americans as well, always has, always will.

  • Mad Murray Mashinky

    Good job, OBOZO!! Why not extend unemployment benefits to 199 weeks & how about another 2,700 page bill to squash more freedoms & give out more free goodies paid for by Joe & Jane taxpayer, how about some more stifling regulations & codes by the EPA on coal producers? There has never been a worse prez than this SOB POS who does gives a rat’s butt about anyone!! Either he is stupidest sucker on earth or intentionally trying to destroy the economy & nation..either way he can’t win!!
    May I remind all those sanctimonious conservatives & Libertarians who did not vote for Romney or who sat out election, because they did not want, “the lesser of two evils”…Romney had many faults, but he knew how to create jobs & get positive things done fiscally. I’m sure things would be better if he had won!

    • mark

      The whole election was fixed, don’t you know that? Whenever a Democrat wins, the election is fixed. Whenever a Republican wins, it is a fair election.

      • Kleaver The Beaver

        Wouldn’t shock me if it was fixed…You are always moronic in your posts!!

  • mark

    So the labor participation rate has dropped since the height of U.S. employment before the 2008 financial crisis from 65.7% to 63.2% today after the deepest and longest recession in U.S. history since 1938. And you consider this news? I am surprised it has not dropped much further. Baby boomers are beginning to retire in larger and larger numbers as well, something conveniently left out of this article.

    • Munnster

      Retired workers are not taken into consideration for the eligible worker pool, so they are in the equation (They are part of the 71 million excluded 316-245)

  • Motov

    I wonder what the percentage are federal jobs,…

  • Don

    Well now isn’t that interesting that we have just seen the White House post on the media that unemployment had been reduced to 7.2%?

    These idiots keep feeding this information to the lame stream media and they all swear to the lies Obozo tells them, and he usually slips in the point that there are a large number of people that have STOPPED LOOKING FOR WORK, but he never says where they are, and how they are able to exist while not working!

    60 Minutes told us a couple of weeks ago where several billion of them are, and backed it up with ex workers of the agency of the department of disabilities that has more than doubled in size over the last couple of years, and during the interview stated that they were told to just give disability payments without getting any medical information at all, so what comes down to is this is where a large number of people that “stopped looking for work” are able to continue to live while not working, IT IS JUST ANOTHER WELFARE PROGRAM THAT OBAMA HAS SLIPPED UNDER THE RADAR FOR TAX PAYERS TO TAKE CARE OF!

    This worthless gang of street thugs that are fouling up our White House, that
    will soon be renamed “The Out House” and will probably have to be totally fumigated or possibly have to be rebuilt to get the stench out of it that this
    rat infestation will have left.


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Thread: Handsome bunny Charlie!

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  1. #1
    Join Date
    Oct 2005
    Illinois, USA

    Handsome bunny Charlie!

    Hello, Charlie bunny! You are such a handsome fellow! Your lovely golden brown coat, your l-o-n-g ears with the dark tips, and your cute bunny face! You are an active bunny, too - pushing against your door, running here and there, stealing your person's place on the couch, and playing with the cat! I'll bet your "bunny kids" are adorable too! No doubt you receive loads of love and smiles every day Happy Pet of the Day to you, cutie bunny Charlie!
    I've been Boo'd ... right off the stage!

    Aaahh, I have been defrosted! Thank you, Bonny and Asiel!
    Brrrr, I've been Frosted! Thank you, Asiel and Pomtzu!

    "When dogs are looking at you, they're essentially hugging you with their eyes." -- Dr. Brian Hare

    "That's the power of kittens (and puppies too, of course): They can reduce us to quivering masses of Jell-O in about two seconds flat and make us like it. Good thing they don't have opposable thumbs or they'd surely have taken over the world by now." -- Paul Lukas

    Cassie's Catster page:

  2. #2
    Join Date
    Mar 2004
    You're a cutie Charlie!!! Congrats on being POTD!

    Forever in my heart...Casey,Ginger,Corey,Mandy,Sassy,Lacey

  3. #3
    Join Date
    Oct 2000

    Beautiful Bunny Charlie!

    Hi Charlie! Happy Pet of the Day to you! Oh, what a handsome bunny boy you are, sweetheart! I don't think I've ever met a Belgium Hare before; you're stunning! Your thick, plush, red coat is gorgeous, and those mile high ears, awesome! No doubt you being crowned Pet of the Day, seeing your gorgeous self up on the Pet of the Day page, will go far in making your stunning breed more well known in the U.S.! What a fine ambassador for your beautiful breed you are! And it's no big surprise to hear how handily you won over your humans heart, for you're as beautiful in heart and personality as you are in looks, and I'll just bet your the best daddy to your babies, too! How lucky your human is having a beautiful, fun loving best friend in you, Charlie! You're one in a million, and so very deserving of your Pet of the Day crown! Wear it proudly, sweetheart, and enjoy a very happy, fun filled Pet of the Day, being spoiled to the max and loved to pieces! Lots of love, cuddles and kisses to you, beautiful bunny Charlie!

    Star,Tigg'r , Mollie and the10 Gallon Gang!

    And my Rainbow Bridge Furangels...Jingles, Cody, Fritz, Chessa, Satin, Buddy, Lizzie, Oliver, Squeaker, Moonbeam, Rosie, Ruby~

  4. #4

    Gorgeous Charlie!

    Congratulations, Charlie, on being POTD! We're so happy you found a loving forever home (wish all unwanted, abandoned bunnies at shelters were as lucky as you!) Hope your day is extra-special as you celebrate your POTD honor! Best wishes for a long, happy, healthy life! (all rescues/no breeding)

  5. #5
    Join Date
    Feb 2002
    Kansas, USA
    Charlie what a stunning fellow you are!!!

    I love your long ears!!! It must be so much fun having you for a friend. I bet your babies are so sweet!!! They just have to be because you are their daddy!! Please thank your family for sharing you with us. I hope you are all enjoying your special day today.

    Congratulations, sweet Charlie, on being our very special Pet of the Day!!!
    No matter what anyone does, someone some where will be offended some how!!!!
    Grandma (RB), Chester, Angel, Chip

    Leonardo (RB), Luke (RB), Winnie, Chuck,

  6. #6
    Join Date
    Dec 2013
    North Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Happy POTD to you! You're a handsome fellow and smart. I;m glad you get so much fun time with your humans.
    Seeking out new treats and going where no ratty has gone before,

    Ratterprise Command.
    Dumbledore ~ Senior Recycling Technician, Nellie ~ Extreme Exploration Expert, Dax ~ Nutritional Supplement Inspector, Kira ~ Small Excavations Supervisor, T'Pol ~ Caution Advisor , Guinan ~ Junior Uniform Inspector, Icheb ~ Security Officer, Janeway ~ Away Team Supervisor, Tiberius ~ Heat Therapist

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Oct, 26 2010

Don’t quite know what to make of it. Not sure if I’m excited or lethargic about it. I don’t even know if it’s real or not; and I’ve seen a lot of ‘shops in my day. But heck, as much as the product may not be what I’m looking for, I love to see Android on anything!

Digressing, Engadget scored the above photo along with some hardware specifications:

  • Gingerbread
  • Sony Marketplace
  • 1GHz Qualcomm MSM8655
  • 512MB RAM
  • 1GB ROM

For a few more bits of information, and a gallery full of pictures hit the link below.

[via Engadget]

local_offer    Playstation Phone  Sony Ericsson


text:
Mar, 19 2014

HTC One 2014 side by side comparison 1

We’re T-minus 6 days away from the official unveiling of the all new HTC One (2014). If you thought we may have seen the last of the device — which has been getting a lot of airplay these past few weeks as the subject of numerous leaks — you’d be wrong.

Today, the folks at Nowhereelse are giving us yet another good look at the HTC One (2014), as it’s compared side-by-side to other popular Androids. A great way of getting a feel for a device’s size, devices that made the line up include the Apple iPhone 5s, Samsung Galaxy S4, LG G2, and the Sony Xperia Z1. While the HTC One (2014) pictured in this latest leak is a dummy unit (as are the rest of the dummy units, most likely), it’s essentially identical to what we’ll see when the device launches on US shores.

The phone, which has the same sized 5-inch display as the white Galaxy S4, appears to be around the same height and thickness as the 5.2-inch LG G2. When comparing the HTC One with the Galaxy Note 3, we noticed the One is drifting dangerously close to phablet territory, despite packing a much smaller display. Kind of a weird spot to be in, but one that we saw coming thanks to previous leaks.

After looking at this quick size comparison, have any of your opinions changed on the HTC One (2014)?

[via Nowhereelse]

local_offer    HTC


text:
Wednesday, April 01, 2009

MANIA - David Healy's new book. A review by Andrew Scull

Professor David Healy is the new enfant terrible of psychiatry. Unlike the previous occupant of the role, Thomas Szasz, he has not declared mental illness a myth and attacked psychiatry as a sham and a confidence trick. On the contrary, in company with most of his professional brethren, he asserts that madness is a form of brain disease (though he is more circumspect than some about the nature of that disease). Nor does he reject the primary treatment modalities of modern psychiatry. He has held prominent positions among those promoting and practising cognitive-behavioural therapy, the pragmatic, results-oriented psychotherapy that has largely supplanted the so-called depth psychologies of a now vanished Freudian era. He is an enthusiastic proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and he regularly dispenses the miracles of modern psychopharmacology – antipsychotics and antidepressants – in his clinical practice, albeit not so cavalierly and freely as many of his fellow professionals.

Yet he has vaulted to prominence as a fierce critic of standard professional practice; of the role of Big Pharma – the collective name for large pharmaceutical companies – in reconstituting the very terms in which we as a culture understand and respond to mental illness; and of the biobabble that these days has replaced psychobabble as the verbal camouflage for our ignorance about the aetiology of mental illness. Along the way, he has exposed the extraordinary venality of many leading academic psychiatrists; the widespread ghostwriting of what purport to be cutting-edge publications in major journals (apparently produced by eminent scientists but actually concocted by public relations flacks for the pharmaceutical houses); the routine suppression or gross misinterpretation of data on the effects of psychoactive drugs along lines which maximize the profits of the huge multinationals (who thereby extract obscene sums from the sufferings of the mentally ill); the heightened risk of suicide and other untoward events that, perversely, may accompany the ingestion of antidepressants; and the fraudulent “science” on which many contemporary understandings of mental disorder rest. Small wonder that for many Healy has become a professional pariah, and that he plausibly reports being hounded, menaced and attacked by the enormously powerful corporations whose profits he threatens.

Much of Healy’s critique has emerged in a series of books on the history of psychopharmacology, a discipline and an approach to treating mental illness that emerged on the scene only a little more than a half century ago with the introduction of the first “major tranquillizer”, Thorazine. Mania constitutes the latest salvo in his continuing assault on professional sacred cows, and appears as a contribution to a new Johns Hopkins series of biographies of individual diseases. The title of the book is somewhat misleading. Mania was one of the standard varieties of mental disturbance, already recognized by the ancient Greeks. But while the book’s early chapters provide a quick (and not always accurate) survey of developments through the late nineteenth century, Healy’s primary interest and contribution lie elsewhere. His central subject is the emergence over the past century and a little more of the entity we have learnt to call manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder, a disease (if such it be) that afflicts a large and growing segment of the population from the smallest children to the ranks of the now ageing baby boomers.

Healy contends that “modern authorities on manic-depressive disorder make a gross error when they try to effect a link between modern presentations of a disease they call bipolar disorder and ancient precedents”. On the contrary, “few if any” mental patients in the Western world were held to be suffering from manic-depressive disease before 1920, and in the United States, the epidemic did not begin to emerge until as late as the 1960s, when drug companies began to market the disease. Even more significant, in Healy’s view, was the advent of new imaging technologies from the late 80s onwards (CT scans, MRIs and PET scans), which produced the first images of the brain, first in black and white, and then in “living” (or rather simulated) colour – not, he hastens to add, because these images uncovered the roots of madness, as claims to link dopamine deficiency and schizophrenia, or serotonin and depression, have been thoroughly discredited; but because they were so useful as marketing copy, for selling the public on the notion that mental illness was the product of faulty brain biochemistry.

As Healy duly recognizes, the term “manic depressive psychosis” had been constructed by the late nineteenth-century German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin. But it existed “more as a foil to dementia praecox [schizophrenia, as it would shortly come to be called] than as a condition developed in its own right”. Dementia praecox (early dementia) was a disease that by definition had an implacable downward course, clinically and cognitively, so a different label was needed for patients who managed to get better. But while the diagnosis of dementia praecox was enthusiastically embraced internationally, its counterpart was largely ignored. If that situation has changed drastically over the past half-century – and most emphatically it has – for Healy that transformation can only be understood in terms of a larger transformation, not just of psychiatry, but of modern medicine more generally.

It was from the 1930s and 40s, on his account, that the change agent emerged, producing shifts in the cognitive, organizational and therapeutic dimensions of modern medicine that have only intensified down to the present – changes that mark a revolution at least as profound as the advent of germ theory in the late nineteenth century. It was the discovery of the sulphonamides, and then of penicillin and other antibiotics, mass produced by chemical companies that then set up pharmaceutical subsidiaries, that ushered in a brave new world of commercialized therapeutics, one increasingly dominated and controlled by a multinational industry now made up of “the most profitable corporations on the planet”. And among the largest and most profitable territories farmed by Big Pharma has been the treatment of an ever-expanding array of mental disorders, and creation of an ever-larger population of mental patients taking their magic potions.

The first chemical weapon to be tried for the treatment of mania in the modern era was in many ways an exception to this pattern, for it used an existing salt that no one could patent or use to make obscene profits. An Australian psychiatrist, John Cade, claimed in 1949 that lithium carbonate had a specific anti-manic action. It was an assertion that was largely ignored, until it was taken up by a Danish psychiatrist, Mogens Schou, nearly two decades later. Healy provides an entertaining and sobering account of the vicious disputes that then emerged between Schou and Michael Shepherd at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, centring on Shepherd’s contention that the enthusiasm for lithium was a therapeutic bubble, the product of poorly designed clinical trials. Controlled studies, he insisted, would soon puncture the bubble.
For Shepherd, the Randomized Controlled Trial, or RCT, was a method par excellence for curbing therapeutic enthusiasms (the sorts of enthusiasms that had earlier led psychiatrists to pursue surgical evisceration, frontal lobotomies and insulin comas as cures for psychosis). And so we have all been brought up to believe. Healy will have none of it. The “lithium wars”, as he calls them, accomplished one very important change: the rise of the concept of “mood stabilization” and its link to the notion of securing this altered state by chemical means. As the tide of enthusiasm for lithium receded – the original American lithium clinic, at Columbia University, closed its doors in 1995 – a host of designer chemicals from the drug companies began to flood the marketplace. Mood disorders had become highly profitable. These drugs all had “evidence-based medicine” behind them, an array of RCTs that purported to show their significant effects in bringing disturbances of affect under medical control.

Statistical significance has a very different meaning from clinical significance, of course, though it is a distinction the marketing departments do their best to obscure. Besides, Healy argues, by far the largest source of improvement in the clinical trials of these drugs is attributable to the placebo effect, the drugs themselves contributing but small marginal increments to this effect, and at the cost of major side effects. In fact, “in any sample of ten patients, with drugs like the mood stabilizers, the clinical trial data suggest one responds to the drug while nine do not”.
Yet even were one to accept this sobering line of argument, one would have missed a still larger set of problems associated with chemical “cures”. For Healy goes on to describe how Big Pharma has captured almost total control over the research process, to say nothing of buying up academic experts and turning them into marketing shills. It is drug companies that assemble, pay for and manage large-scale clinical trials. They own the data, and they use and manipulate them for their own purposes, suppressing damaging information wholesale, massaging outcomes and manufacturing new “diseases” whose primary function is to serve as marketing vehicles for new varieties of psychotropic pills. With an ever-expanding array of problems being medicalized and added to psychiatry’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, “diseases have all but become commodities and are as subject to fashions as other commodities, with the main determinant of the fashion cycle being the patent life of a drug”. Big Pharma controls the trials, and controls the reporting of the trial results. In consequence, instead of serving as a check on therapeutic enthusiasms, “RCTs have become the primary marketing tools of pharmaceutical companies. They are the fuel that powers bandwagons, helped by the fact that company trials in which the drug fails to beat the placebo commonly do not see the light of day”.

Except when there are lawsuits. Class action lawsuits in the United States, with their elaborate pre-trial discovery process, have done something to bring unsavoury drug company practices into the light of day, and to bring forth some of the suppressed data. Increased risk of suicide, of diabetes and other metabolic disorders, of massive weight gain, of the reduction of life expectancy, and the existence of an array of trials where drugs had no discernible therapeutic effect – these are just some of the findings belatedly beginning to surface. And then there is the buying up of academic talent – payments in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, even the millions, to “opinion leaders” to promote off-label uses of a whole spectrum of pills – consultation fees, free trips to desirable locales, to say nothing of the increased flow of research dollars to particular laboratories that reliably report the findings their commercial masters are seeking. Futilely, universities and academic journals have put in place requirements that researchers disclose the financial interests that might contaminate their findings, only to find such rules flouted, with minimal consequences for the offenders.

What particularly arouses Healy’s ire is the manufacture of bipolar disorder among infants. Cocktails of drugs are given to children as young as one or two. Diagnostic criteria are relaxed to allow more and more children into the mix. Foundations are established for parents of such children to assemble and lobby on behalf of fixing the alleged biochemical imbalances that produce their children’s misbehaviour. Stories of epidemics of teenage depression are planted in the mass media. Rating scales are manipulated, and used to demonstrate that the pills have behavioural effects – something it is difficult not to demonstrate. Meantime, the sequestering of data allows a situation where the published scientific literature is all too often at odds with what the scientific data themselves would show, were they actually allowed into the public arena.
Mania ends with a series of pessimistic pronouncements. In studies of psychotropic drugs, “the publicly available data are close to worthless”. We do know, however, that “the quality of life of patients in whom treatment is deferred or not instituted is better than those treated immediately”; and that, “uniquely among major illnesses in the Western world, the life expectancy for patients with serious mental illness has declined”. Big Pharma “increasingly appears to jeopardize the health and well-being of our friends, relatives, and children” in its manic pursuit of profit (a phenomenon that afflicts – as Healy rightly notes – all of medicine, not just the benighted psychiatric borderlands). And it observes no ethical limits, ruthlessly extending its grasp to include the youngest and most vulnerable, even though “giving major tranquilizers to children is little different from giving children cancer chemotherapy when they have a cold”. David Healy is indeed an enfant terrible – and a very brave man. Either way, he can expect a lot of hate mail. I doubt he is on Eli Lilly’s or Pfizer’s Christmas card list.

David Healy

A short history of bipolar disorder

320pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. $24.95;

distributed in the UK by Wiley.

978 0 8018 8822 9

Anonymous said...

This post is nothing less than excellent. Thanks for taking the time, and passion, to compose it.

Anonymous said...

This is an article from this week's TLS.

insider said...

The source is linked at the end of the piece.

Sue Rankin said...

I found this book about Bipolar Disorder to be very helpful. I have found it helpful to read as many books as possible about this disorder as my daughter has Bipolar 1. Another new book just released I found inspiring and has given me great hope is a new memoir called “I just want my daughter back - coming to terms with Bipolar 1″ by BC Levinson that I found on . Seeing how others cope with bipolar disorder has made a big difference in our journey. It gives hope to those of us walking in these shoes. I actually found the new book through you can even chat with the author @BIPOLARSMOM2 . Very nice lady..
Hope this helps


text:
What are you looking at? People follow each other’s gazes, but without a tipping point

On an uneventful day, five passers-by in busy Oxford shopping street suddenly stop and look upwards. They have spotted a camera mounted on a nearby roof, pointed straight at them. But these aren’t strangers who have suddenly realised that Big Brother is watching them. They are actors, who are taking part in a natural experiment that looks at how information spreads through crowds of people.

Andrew Gallup from Princeton University is behind the camera. Using its lens, and technology based on the video-gaming graphics cards, he can track the movement of each pedestrian, and calculate where they’re looking. With this set-up confirmed that people have a natural tendency to look where others are looking. But this contagion of glancing is much weaker than popular psychology books would have us believe.

Many psychologists have studied how humans and other animals follow each others’ gazes. But the vast majority of these studies have been done in laboratory settings, in which volunteers sit face-to-face. Very few scientists have studied natural crowds of people.

Stanley Milgram (he of the famous obedience experiment) was one of the first. In 1969, he asked groups of actors to stop in a busy New York City street and stare up at a building window. As the number of actors increased, so did the number of passers-by who copied their behaviour.

Gallup’s first experiment is a modern riff on Milgram’s. He filmed how pedestrians reacted when actors – ranging in size from individuals to 15-strong groups – stopped for a minute and stared at a building-mounted camera. When Milgram did this, he could only count the proportion of people who followed the actors’ gaze. But Gallup used modern technology to track every single passer-by, including their movement, speed and distance to others. He also hired volunteers via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to check that the software was doing its job.

He found that, on average, 27 per cent of the passers-by looked in the same direction as the actors. Women and men were equally likely to look up, but men did so for longer. People were more likely to look up if they were walking slowly, and more likely to look up for longer if the crowds were thinner. And as Milgram found, more passers-by looked up if more actors were involved.

So far, so predictable. But Gallup’s data held some surprises. For a start, passers-by were more likely to mimic the actors if they were standing behind them, or off to the side. If they were walking towards the actors, they were around half as likely to look up. This suggests that they’re not following social pressure. As the team had shown once before, gaze direction flows more effectively behind us than in front of us.

More importantly, the study refuted a common interpretation of Milgram’s data. It’s often said that crowds slowly copy each other’s gaze until they reach a certain threshold when, very suddenly, almost everyone looks in the same direction. This is known formally as a “quorum-like response”. Colloquially, it’s a tipping point. Animals that live in flocks, herds and shoals often make decisions like this, so they can keep moving in the same direction.

But that’s not what Gallup found. He showed that the proportion of passers-by who look up gradually increases, and saturates well below the point where everyone does the same thing. The graph is much less dramatic.

“There is not nearly as strong copying behaviour as people previously thought based on the inherently limited Milgram data,” says Iain Couzin, who led the study. “We demonstrate that those data have been misinterpreted.” The tendency to look where someone else is looking may “serve an adaptive function” in terms of directing people to important information, but “it is not so strong that individuals get drawn into blindly copying.”

“This field experimental approach is very welcome,” says Andy King from the Royal Veterinary College, who also studies group behaviour. “It gives us real quantitative insight into crowd behaviour.” However, King wonders if the crowd in the first experiment would show a more dramatic tipping point if they were staring up at something, like a model bird. (The camera was hidden from view.) “Schooling fish, or ant colonies that adopt quorum-like responses all do so in a context where they are making a choice about something,” he says. Maybe glances would spread more rapidly through a crowd if that crowd had something to glance at.

In his second experiment, Gallup did give the crowd something to look at. He asked two actors to stand in either a train station or the same shopping street as before, and act either naturally or suspiciously for a minute. In the latter scenario, they would sketch a map of their surroundings, or hold a video camera at their waist as if they were covertly filming the setting. Once again, Gallup filmed the crowd’s reactions.

Again, the crowd’s gaze was contagious, but only weakly so. It also varied in the two contexts. In the street, passers-by of both sexes looked at the suspicious individuals more often than the natural ones, and they were more likely to do so the closer they stood. But in the station, where the crowd was denser, things were different.  “Men actually avert their gaze from suspicious individuals, whereas women tend to behave as they did in the main street,” says Couzin. And the closer they got, the more they looked away.

The experiment showed that the eyes of a crowd can provide valuable information, even without an obvious tipping point. As an onlooker, it is very hard to spot suspicious individuals in crowds because people behave in varied ways. But people within the crowd are naturally tuned to spot irregular activities. Through the collective directions of their eyes, they provide information about unusually activity. “We can think of a crowd as a sensor array,” says Couzin.

However, tapping into that array is hard. As the second experiment showed, there are important differences between the two genders, and between different locations. In some cases, you might want to look where the crowd is staring; in others, you might focus on areas they are looking away from. Gallup also points out that the crowd’s behaviour changed at very subtle time scales. On average, the men in the station looked away from the suspicious people, but there were small chunks of time, just seconds long, when they collectively turned at the actors.

For now, it’s unclear why these patterns exist. The actors in the second experiment were both men; if they were women, the crowd may have behaved differently. Gallup’s team plan to study these subtle variables in future experiments. “Doing a real ‘field experiment’ on people has many advantages, but it is inevitably more limited than controlled lab studies when trying to infer the underlying psychology for the patterns observed,” says Couzin. His team are now planning studies to untangle these subtle effects.

Reference: Gallup, Hale, Sumpter, Garnier, Kacelnik, Krebs & Couzin. 2012. Visual attention and the acquisition of information in human crowds. PNAS http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116141109

More on crowds and swarms:

There are 4 Comments. Add Yours.

  1. Chris
    April 23, 2012

    I imagine context is important. When I’m on Oxford St, I’m generally aggressively ignoring everybody, and my interest in what others are looking at is probably the lowest it will ever be.

  2. Ed Yong
    April 23, 2012

    A shopping street *in Oxford*. Not Oxford Street.

  3. Allan
    April 26, 2012

    It would be interesting to replicate this study in different societies, to see the extent to which gaze-following behaviour is affected by culturally contingent social norms. Were I a passer-by/ subject in this experiment I imagine that I would try to catch a furtive glimpse of what the actors were staring at out of the corner of my eye. I’d feel embarrassed or inhibited about joining the crowd in openly staring. Though I’m probably more inhibited than most in that respect, surely my embarrassment is socially learned. I live in a culture where the susceptible among us learn to feel uncool when we catch ourselves in sheep-like imitation of others. Indeed, the original Milgram experiment itself has given rise to a meme I’ve encountered to the effect that in following the gaze of others I’m likely to be the victim of a prank (or an experiment–but I’m a dupe either way!).

  4. John
    February 1, 2013

    Like the other commenters here, I’d like to see this experiment done in different contexts. Cities of varying size or a different time of day (particularly nighttime) would be particularly interesting.

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Pages Navigation Menu

History at a Glance

The Philadelphia Baptist Association (PBA) was founded in 1707 by five Baptist churches in Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey and Delaware to be a witness and transforming association for Jesus Christ.

Since its founding,  PBA has helped to shape the fabric of American life and values.

Eighteenth century:

  • As early as 1733, Philadelphia Baptists advocated for religious freedom for Roman Catholics and their right to establish houses of worship in the colony.
  • In 1770, PBA helped to found Rhode Island College, now known as Brown University.
  • PBA advocated for the abolition of slavery in 1789.

Nineteenth century:

  • PBA established the Philadelphia Society for missionaries to minster and work among the frontier settlers in 1804 .
  •  The American Baptist Home Mission Society was founded in 1832.
  • From 1870 to 1890, PBA advocated for Indian education and equality.
  • The Baptist Home (Deer Meadows Retirement Community) was formed in 1869.
  • Baptist City Mission was established in 1879.
  • The Baptist Orphanage of Philadelphia (The Baptist Children’s Services) and the American Baptist Publication Society, were founded in 1883.
  • From 1882-1886 Grace Baptist Church (Grace Baptist Church of Blue Bell) was established and Temple University was founded.

Twentieth century:

  • PBA championed the principle of separation of church and state in the public school system in 1901.
  • Financially supported the formation of the Downington Industrial School in 1905.
  • Established The Baptist Settlement House in 1906.
  • In 1911, the New Settlement House and Marines Bethel Fund was founded.
  • From 1913 to 1915, PBA supported the Child Labor Act
  • Beginning in 1920, the Philadelphia Baptist Mission Society began establishing Christian Centers.
  • The Good Shepherd Ministries was founded in 1947.
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  • The Opportunities Industrialization Center was established in 1960 by Zion Baptist Church.
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  • By 1991 , PBA and its member churches provided financial and volunteer support to ministries in Central America and social institutions in Philadelphia.

Today, PBA is an interracial and intercultural cosmopolitan body serving in a broad range of ministries. Because of the Baptist emphasis on religious freedom and the right of the individual believer to interpret the Bible according to his or her own conscience, PBA churches span a range of theological interpretations. They also comprise a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, social concerns, and ministries.


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Lynn Joy

Lynn Joy

Professor of Philosophy

Contact Information

Mailing Address:
Department of Philosophy
University of Notre Dame
100 Malloy Hall
Notre Dame, IN 46556

Phone: (574) 631-7046

Office: 306 Malloy
Office Hours: F 1:00-2:30 or by appointment.

A.B., Harvard University
A.M., Harvard University
Ph.D., Harvard University

Areas of Interest

Modern Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Science

Recent Articles:

  • "The Ineliminabiliity of Dispositions in Hume's Rejection of Causal Powers," in John Greco and Ruth Groff (eds.), Powers and Capacities in Philosophy: The New Aristotelianism (Routledge, forthcoming in 2013)
  • "Dispositional Explanations: Boyle's Problem, Newton's Solution, Hume's Response," in Andrew Janiak and Eric Schliesser (eds.), Interpreting Newton: Critical Essays (Cambridge, 2012), pp. 322-343
  • "Scientific Explanation from Formal Causes to Laws of Nature," The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. 3: Early Modern Science, ed. Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston, pp. 70-105 (2006)
  • "Did Natural Law and Equal Expectation Guarantee the Rationality of Belief?," The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (1998)
  • "Necessity, Contingency, and the Natural in Modern Science," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (1997)
  • "Newtonianism without God: Hume as a Philosophical Critic" (in progress)

  • Gassendi the Atomist: Advocate of History in an Age of Science (Cambridge, 1987/2002)
  • Dispositions and Intentionality in the Humean Tradition (in progress).  This book analyzes changing philosophical concepts of dispositions, focusing on key episodes in which both Hume's own and certain twentieth-century neo-Humeans' relational accounts of natural and moral dispositions have competed with rival causal power accounts of dispositions, including the causal power accounts of Boyle, Locke, and Newton, and those of contemporary theorists like Nancy Cartwright, Brian Ellis, and George Molnar.  This study also explains how Hume and the more recent Humeans have developed standpoints in the philosophy of mind and meta-ethics that depend on their distinctive treatments of the dispositional and intentional aspects of beliefs.


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Currently my AB800's have a built-in optical trigger, but still requires a flash to trigger them. I'd like to move to an all wireless setup. I also have the canon ST-E2 to pair with my Sigma 500 DG Super and Canon 580 EX II.

I'd like to use a wireless trigger system that will work with both my Alien Bee's and my Speedlites.

Money isn't necessarily an issue, assuming the triggers do what I need them to do.

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8 Answers 8

up vote 15 down vote accepted

My apologies for linking to Strobist all the time, but as it happens there is a recent post just about that. He lists PocketWizard Plus II Transceiver as the best and most reliable, followed by RadioPopper JrX, AlienBees CyberSyncs, and Elinchrom Skyports.

You also might want to check out RadioPopper PX, which looks like it might be able to trigger slave units for your Speedlites and AlientBees at the same time.

share|improve this answer
I found that useful, I have to say the most compelling point about the pocket wizards is AA batteries. The other cheaper options make use of annoying button cells (can you even get rechargeable button cells?) or CR123A batteries which might as well be button cells (I used to have a camera that used them). –  Kendall Helmstetter Gelner Feb 24 '12 at 15:38
I rate the Yongnuo RF-603, they use AAA rather than AA but these are still convenient and rechargeables are readily available and can be charged by most chargers that support AA. I know the OP said money not necessarily an issue, but for what I use these for, they seem pretty reliable, and can double up as camera triggers etc too as they are transceivers –  laurencemadill Jun 18 '14 at 10:56
@laurencemadill: The RF-603 has already been superseded by the RF-603 II: you can actually reach the on/off switch on the side of the unit when a flash is mounted up top; the sync voltage has increased from 12V to 250V, it has a locking ring, and it can be used on a non-Nikon/Canon hotshoe. Costs the same as the RF-603. And the YN-622 triggers use AAs. –  inkista Jul 3 '14 at 22:55
@inkista sounds good, thanks for the update, I'm tempted to buy the version II straight away. When I got mine I was aware they were likely to be upgraded but had no idea of the timescale so I just got them anyway. They're cheap enough so I can use my original ones as a remote shutter release –  laurencemadill Jul 10 '14 at 10:28
Something worth noting, you say you will be using a Canon 580 EXII - these are known to emit a lot of radio frequency noise that can interfere with radio-based triggers, significantly reducing the trigger's wireless range. PocketWizard sell an RF shield to help with this, just to give you some idea... –  Darkhausen Mar 7 at 21:47

I think an updated answer is called for. :)

When integrating studio strobes with speedlights, there are two things to consider. Whether you want more control than manual-only triggers give you for either the strobes and/or the speedlights, and how robust you want the triggers to be.

Are there OEM/3rd party triggers to command the studio strobe?

Some studio strobes are manufactured by companies that also make triggers specifically for that family of strobes. And in some cases (Profoto, Paul Buff, etc.) these triggers can offer you remote control over the studio strobe power levels, and the ability to sync at shutter speeds above x-sync. Because the integrated power control of the studio strobe has to be built into the strobe, it's unlikely that any 3rd-part triggers can offer this function. However. That same power control may not be available with any speedlights, just as TTL triggers for speedlights probably can't control power for the studio strobes. It may come down to a one-or-the-other side trigger. Say, Paul Buff Cybersyncs with a Cyber Commander or Profotos with Air Remote TTL, but manual-only control of a 580EXII. Or you could sandwich a TTL trigger into the OEM triggering scheme and use two systems simultaneously. Or you could control both your strobes and your TTL OEM speedlights using systems like RadioPopper's Jr2 triggers, or PocketWizard's TTL triggers with an AC-3 zone controller and appropriate strobe adapters. Or maybe you're getting the Godox Wistro bare-bulb system and FT-16s triggers for manual power control, a lot more power than a speedlight, and a lot less weight than a monolight. Or maybe, you really want TTL/HSS and integrated with both your speedlights and your studio strobe, so you're picking up a Phottix Indra and some Odin triggers.

3rd party manual trigger considerations

If you decide that you're happy walking up to any and all of your lights to make power adjustments, and manual triggers are OK for you, then any and all 3rd party triggers are liable to work equally as well as OEM triggers--and they may be easier to use to integrate the studio strobes with your speedlights, and it just comes down to reliability and cost. If you're doing pro work and need rock-solid reliability, then PocketWizard Plus units are liable to be worth looking at. Triggers, obviously, are many and varied which is why you came looking for an answer to this question, but this is also one area where the technology and feature sets move swiftly and models are always on the churn.

Keeping Up-to-Date

Looking at the original 2010-2011 answers here, nearly every one of the trigger models mentioned has been "refreshed" (PocketWizard came out with the PlusX, RadioPopper now has the Jr2, and the Cactus V5 and Yongnuo RF-603IIs are the latest cheapie manual triggers), and the cheap 3rd party TTL triggers (Phottix Odin, Pixel King, Yongnuo YN-622) have hit the scene. Over the next year or so, manual triggers with remote power control appear to be the coming thing. The recent release of the Cactus V6 triggers and RF60 speedlight, and announcement of the Yongnuo YN-560-TX transmitter for remote power control of a YN-560iii to be released this summer are probably just the beginning of this wave. In the few days since initially writing this answer, I've already had to update it for the RP Jr2; if you're reading this post-2014, possibly every model in this paragraph will have been refreshed.

This is one place where you can't expect someone to just hand you the answers; you'll have to do your own research to keep up with the times. Some great sites to use for this are:

If you do find other trigger recommendations--check the date on that recommendation. If it's more than a year or two old, I'd highly recommend doing additional research. This is one area of camera technology that's moving very swiftly.

See also: What should I look for in a wireless flash trigger for a home studio?

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I have some of the "eBay" triggers that I bought a year ago. I found them at (Midwest Photo Exchange). They are the Cactus V2's and are $30 for a receiver and transmitter. I feel like it was a good deal, considering the price of a PocketWizard. They obviously are not as reliable as the pro equipment but for an amateur like myself, they work great. They miss sometimes, but it is rare enough that I don't care or even think about it.

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I owned a set of Cactus V2 and discarded them. At home they worked quite ok, but on several locations they tended to fire the flash without reason, probably due to electro signals of other electronic devices. –  Sam Jul 23 '10 at 13:14
I own (and use) Cactus V2s, and have experienced similar issues: they misfire maybe 1/4 of the time, and they wouldn't work at all in my church (which, I suspect, is the fault of the wireless microphones…). HOWEVER, one transmitter an three receivers cost less than $100, so I can't really complain — I got them to experiment with off-camera flash, and they let me do just that. –  David Wolever Jul 26 '10 at 2:54
Just wanted to add that they now offer a Cactus v4 set. I haven't tried any cactus products, so I can't comment on their quality. –  Finer Recliner Dec 6 '11 at 21:24

Or just go with the ultra-cheap YongNuo RF-602, which give you a lot of bang for the buck. I own two sets and find them good enough for serious work.

Before I owned a set of Cactus V2 Trigger (one sender, two receivers), and these gave me a lot of problems:
Sometimes they did not trigger the flash.
Sometimes they triggered the flash without me taking a picture (leaving me with a drained flash when I needed it).

The Cactus V4 are reported to be better, but I do not own these, so I cant tell from personal experience.

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Is that one of those ebay triggers? Do you have personal experience with it? –  Alan Jul 22 '10 at 20:41
Well, you can get them on ebay, but some retailers offer them, too. And there are a lot other triggers on ebay, too. I own two senders and five receivers and use them a lot, not only for firing my flashes but as remote trigger for my cam, too. For flash they work great, for remote triggering the cam they could be better. They tend to take two or three pictures with one press, since timing sensitivity is not that good. –  Sam Jul 23 '10 at 6:17
Yongnuo triggers are absolutely the best bang for your buck. ~$30 or so will get you a two transmitters/receivers (each module is both). I have two sets so I can fire up to three external flashes (four if my T2i could trigger flashes). Flashes sync up to a shutter speed of about 200-250, and I haven't had a single misfire on medium power just holding down the shutter (4fps I think). Good up to 100yards (haven't tested this myself, but there are plenty of reviewers who have). In summation, I don't think it's necessary to get PocketWizards. Too expensive, and Yongnuo 603's get the job done. –  Jon Dec 8 '11 at 1:30

I've previously used Cactus V2s which were good enough but occasionally failed in front of people which makes you look bad and gets you in a flap. Not good.

I've just ordered a set of Cactus V5. If you remember to give me a nudge next week, I'll let you know how I get on with them. There's no TTL stuff, but the range and reliability is supposedly improved. Also, each unit is a transceiver which means you only need one spare (if you care about spare kit).

Anyway, something to consider perhaps:

UPDATE: They're amazing. Love them.

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I use Elinchrom Skyports, but if money is not an issue then go for PocketWizards.

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For a cheaper option try Phottix.

Good news is they work with pocket wizards and have a hot shoe.

Strobist also has done a review on them.

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I have a set of RadioPopper JrX and for my application they work great.

The only problem that I found is that the compartment holding the battery was very flimsy and the tab broke right away. Other then that, they have a good distance and good reliability.

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To be more precise, let's say we are taking a W&B photograph.

Picture 1 : And let's say we take it once with a 1/1000 shutter speed, so that the values for R/G/B range from 0 to MAXVALUE / 2

Picture 2 : And then, we take the same scene, with a 1/500 shutter speed, so that the values range from 0 to MAXVALUE.

Question : will Picture 1, look as Picture 2 once its brightness has been scaled so that the whole dynamic range is filled ?

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Regarding sensor linearity, the considerations about scientific CCD's in this answer could also be of interest. –  Alberto Aug 23 '13 at 13:11

3 Answers 3

Digital sensors are very linear for the vast majority of the response curve, with deviations at the very bottom (due to noise, depending on where the black point is set) and at the very top near saturation. Digital sensors are particularly linear when compared to film, which has a pronounced 'S' shape response curve.

The reason for this is that incoming photons free up electrons in the photodiode generating a charge which is ultimately read out to form the image. The number of freed electrons depends on the number of incident photons hence the linear response to light intensity. However when a photosite is nearing saturation various electrical effects reduce the charge generated by incident photons leading to a roll-off of the response curve (i.e. it becomes shallower). After saturation no further increase in output can be achieved so the curve becomes highly nonlinear.

However it is important to realise that RAW converters, both in software and in camera will probably apply some form of tonecurve to the image to give a more contrasty film-like output.

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It is more like an S curve, where the low end is mostly cut off by subtracting the dark current, but it starts saturation before hitting the MAXVAL. In an 8bit image I have sometimes found the true saturation to start around 200 rather than 255.

This is the reason why HDR images is more complicated to make than to sum(Wn*In), where Wn is given by the exposure of In. You first need to calibrate the sensitivity curve.\

Take a look at slide 9.8:

and response curves here:

Read more about calibration of response curves here:

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The tonecurve in the second link is very misleading, as it is unclear how the images have been processed (e.g. in camera RAW conversion applies it's own curve), but more importantly the curve is plotted on a log scale! –  Matt Grum Jan 28 '13 at 10:46
Here's a very raw curve output V is a function of electrons - you see the snip of the s curve around zero and the pre-maxValue saturation "knee": –  Michael Nielsen Jan 28 '13 at 16:03
@MichaelNielsen A quote from your link, just below the [V] graph you referred to: "The figure above shows the pixel response curve in linear response mode." –  BBking Jan 29 '13 at 23:57
yes, linear mode (normal) versus bi-linear response mode (HDR). and the figure shows that in the setting they chose to name "linear mode", it is not true linear. "The SI-6600 can be used in a dual slope bi-linear mode, extending the useful dynamic range in scenes where detail in bright areas are to be preserved at the same time as maintaining details in darker regions. In normal linear response, a camera requires a short exposure to keep the bright areas from saturation." –  Michael Nielsen Jan 30 '13 at 7:27

(Note: Though you explicitly asked about DSLR sensors, I though that, for completion, this could be of interest)

In CMOS sensors, every sensel has its own amplificator, so the sensor's response can in theory be tuned up on a per-pixel basis. In fact, there are already HDR sensors in the market whose answer is non-linear to allow for higher dynamic range. For example, the OV10630 HDR targeted at the automotive industry.

I could not find any native HDR sensor for consumer cameras, though.

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I am in the market for at least one wide-angle prime lens. I've focused most of my search on 50mm and 24mm prime lenses from Canon, Zeiss, and Sigma. Crossing paths with another avenue of research in large-format cameras and photography, I started looking at tilt-shift lenses. I've looked at the two Canon TS-E lenses, the 17mm and 24mm. The concept of tilt, shift, and rotation is amazing, and the focus, dof, and perspective effects and control possible with a TS lens, at least on paper, are simply amazing.

The cost of such a lens is pretty high...higher than any lens I have purchased to date by at least $500, topping a retail price of $2000 for the Canon variety. My questions are, have you used a tilt-shift lens? If so, which brands and lens models have you used? Are they worth the price? Do they really offer the amazing capabilities noted in the following reviews?

Many thanks!

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4 Answers 4

up vote 7 down vote accepted

Figured I'd follow up my comment with an actual answer since I have the opposite opinion of Matt :) I own 3 of the Canon tilt shift lenses (90mm, 45mm, 24mm II) and I owned the 17mm as will until last month. The vast majority of what I like shooting is cityscapes/buildings and landscapes so the 24 TSE II gets a lot of use and its use isn't limited to just fixing lines in cityscapes.

  • The ability to 'shift' the lens up to achieve a higher perspective w/out tilting elements in the foreground is very useful when shooting landscapes where you want a lot of sky in them and have tallish elements (trees, barns) in the foreground that you don't want to look funny.
  • As Matt mentioned its very useful to tilt the lens to the left and right to get 3 shots that are easy to stitch
  • Like Jrista and I were talking about its very useful to be able to tilt the plane of focus so that everything from your feet to the mountains are in focus even at f3.5 in case the light is low

  • Besides landscapes the 90mm has a very favorable magnification factor for pseudo-macro work with flowers and plants that have flower-heads or leaves on an off-plane of focus.

I find the 24L TSE II to be my go-to lens for photographing nature, I bring that and a 70-200L usually for 'nature/outdoors' photo treks. A note on the 17mm, I found it to be too wide, wider than 21mm is generally too wide for my taste. Also the front element of the 17mm is domed and fully exposed to the elements, no hood and its not inset (which is kind of scary).

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Good point about tilting down to get the foreground in focus, I'm used to the tilt being left/right but I guess for landscapes it makes much more sense to have it switched! –  Matt Grum Oct 30 '10 at 22:51
+1 for a different point of view :) –  Matt Grum Oct 30 '10 at 23:48
Thanks for the info. It sounds like a TS-E lens does indeed bring the same basic capabilities of a large format view camera to smaller formats. Out of curiosity, why did you sell the 17mm, and keep the 24mm? I guess I would have thought that the 17mm would have been nicer for wide landscapes. How does the 24L TS-E do for landscapes? –  jrista Oct 31 '10 at 3:47
I (personally) found 17mm to be too wide in the sense that you begin to get distortion at the corners where the 24mm has little to no distortion corner to corner. As a personal preference I like 21-24mm for 'landscape' photography, but thats just my opinion for my photos :) Its just as well, the more you use specific foca lengths the easier it is for you to 'see' what will look good before putting the camera to your face and 24mm is one of my 4 favs. –  Shizam Oct 31 '10 at 4:13
17mm is also very wide in the sense that you will get an awful lot of foreground in, and the your background objects (mountains etc.) are going to be mighty small. It can work for some places, but in general I find the 24-35 range more useful. –  Matt Grum Oct 31 '10 at 13:47

I don't think it's really worth the expense of the 17mm tilt-shift lens for landscapes.

Basically shifting allows you to capture more of your image without recomposing. For example if you wanted to capture more of the top of a building you could shift the lens down (which is effectively shifting the sensor up) and capture more of top of the image. Pointing the camera up would achieve a similar effect, but you would then get converging vertical lines which are undesirable in most architectural photography.

Ok, so you might want to do the same thing with a landscape photo in order to capture more sky. However, given there are no vertical lines in the sky to converge, you're not gaining anything compared to simply tilting the camera up.

As for tilting, you're effectively tilting the plane of focus, and thus DOF (which with a regular lens is always parrallel to the camera). So if you have a wall which is coming towards you, you can tilt the plane of focus to line up better with the wall and thus get more of it in focus.

Again, this isn't as much use in landscape photography where natural features rarely run in straight lines. Plus you have so much depth of field to begin with when using a wide angle lens DOF is rarely a problem. If you're going to use a tilt-shift lens to minimise DOF (for the fake miniature effect) you might as well do that in post.

One thing you can do with a T/S lens is keep the lens still and shift in order to capture a pair of images that will perfecty line up for stiching into a mini panorama, effectively making your camera sensor bigger. But this pales in comparison with what you can do with a multi-shot panorama and VR tripod head.

I'm sure people will point out that there are uses for T/S lenses in landscape (i.e. when you have buildings in shot, or trees you want to keep vertical) but they are relatively few, and IMO not nearly enough to justify the cost of a T/S lens. The TS-E 17 is a nieche lens primarily suited to shooting man made objects / close distances.

T/S lenses are a lot of fun, however unless you really need one they're hugely expensive. You can however make your own using a cheap MF lens and some plumbing supplies. Of course you wont get anything as nice as purpose built T/S, but you're talking about $100 vs. $2000 which is a no brainer if you're doing this for fun!

This is a good post on going the DIY route:

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I'm not sure its just about lines and perspective. In landscape/nature, its more about focus plane (tilt). For example, you could tilt up just a tad to get foreground in clear focus without losing your distant focus (blurry foreground happens a lot.) There are also close-up or closer focal plane options where having more freedom with the focal plane allows greater creativity. I understand why large format view cameras (used heavily in pro landscape photography) have these types of movements...I am jot sure if a TS lens for a full-frame digital offers the same capabilities that justify cost. –  jrista Oct 30 '10 at 16:34
@jrista +++. Tilt shift lenses are very helpful in landscape for the ability to tilt the plane of focus so everything from your feet to the mountains are in focus even at wide apertures. –  Shizam Oct 30 '10 at 17:13
@Shizam: Yeah, thats what I'd read when learning about large format view cameras. Have you used a TS lens on a DSLR? Any insight? –  jrista Oct 30 '10 at 20:07
@Matt: Regarding a DIY TS lens...what about image circle size? You need a larger image circle to accomodate the extra movement, and keep the sensor inside the circle. I can't tell exactly how that works from the article you linked. With the TS-E 17mm, the image circle is something like 62mm in size, which is quite a bit larger than 43.7mm of a normal image circle. –  jrista Oct 30 '10 at 20:11
The mod uses an old medium format lens so the size of the image circle isn't a problem. There are lots of good MF lenses for discontinued cameras available for very little money making it quite an attractive prospect. –  Matt Grum Oct 30 '10 at 22:47

As mentioned before, tilt-shift lenses are very useful for landscape photography because of the ability to tilt the plane of focus. But be aware that internal metering tend to be inaccurate with more tilting/shifting, so use a light meter if you have one.

I personally prefer the 24mm over the 17mm, mainly because I still shoot film and the 24mm allows the use of filters. If you don't need that wide a focal length, Hartblei also makes an excellent 35mm tilt-shift lens:

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Thanks for the info. :) Very interesting point about the 17mm and filters. I've read a couple reviews, but the thought about filters never even crossed my mind. I am a fan of Lee filters, so I really wouldn't want to lose that capability. Guess thats why a few people have said they opted for the 24mm over the 17mm. –  jrista Oct 31 '10 at 3:50
Good point on light falloff I forgot about that, I found myself metering w/no tilt/shift first to get a correct reading before adjusting tilt/shift, or using a spot meter. –  Shizam Oct 31 '10 at 4:15
@Shizam: Yes, metering before tilting/shifting is a common workaround, but nothing quite beats a good spot meter :) @jrista: It's one of the reasons why I'm opting for the 24mm TS-E or the Zeiss 21mm :) For film users, filters are still a necessity. –  ctham Oct 31 '10 at 6:12

You can buy adapters that provide either tilt or shift from Arax. They work with Pentacon Six mount medium format lenses (which can also be bought from Arax, or eBay). The shortest focal lengths available seem to be 30mm fisheye, or 45mm rectilinear.

They also sell a tilt adapter for use with EOS lenses, but it's less useful as its tilt angle is fixed and since it moves lens away from camera, it also acts as an extension tube. It has no contacts, so you'd need an aperture ring on your lens.

As noted in my answer to a question on architecture photography, shift effect can also be achieved by using a regular wider lens in portrait orientation and cropping.

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Archive for the day “September 4, 2010”

A Tourist In My Home Town

My home town is New York City and I am on vacation for a few days and decided to take a tour of my favorite landmarks of this fair city.

My first stop was the observation deck on the roof of the Rockefeller Center building better known as the Top Of The Rock. Seventy floors above the sights and sounds of the greatest city in the world you have a 360 degree view of the awesome skyscrapers and bridges that make up the Manhattan skyline.

My second visit was to the Intrepid a huge World War II air craft carrier now retired and converted into the Air, Space and Sea museum. Its deck is lined with old-time WWII fighting planes and helicopters as well as the British Airways Concord. These machines are all polished and standing proud and at attention telling their stories to tourist from all over the world. A photographer’s dream; I went wild and spent the better part of a very hot summer day collecting memories to share.

My third stop was Liberty Island and the famed statue of Liberty. The ferry ride to and from Manhattan is just wonderful with views of  three of NYC’s Islands: Manhattan, Ellis and Governors.  The tourists including myself were just in awe of  New York Harbor watching ferries, tug boats, commercial vessels, and sail boats sailing up and down the Hudson River.  As we got closer and closer to the majestic Statue Of Liberty I’m sure more than one person was imaging what is was like over a hundred years ago when ships filled to capacity with people whose hearts and minds were awash with dreams of a new life in the land of opportunity.

I think the Empire State Building or a walk across the Brooklyn Bridge, maybe The New York Aquarium or…..ah, decisions, decisions  the life of a tourist is so hard isn’t it?  Enjoy the photos and get the heck off your heinies and tour your own home town or come visit NYC. You’ll dig it trust me.

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Madame Tussauds to immortalise Adele in wax

Adele, who recently won the Oscar for Skyfall, will join fellow music stars Beyonce Knowles, Lady Gaga and Amy Winehouse, when Madame Tussauds unveils a wax statue in her honour in London.  (Reuters)

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'Adele is the perfect addition to the music lineup here in London. She’s one of the world’s hottest properties right now and one of our most requested personalities,' said Madame Tussauds London’s PR manager, Nicole Fenner. 'In fact, we have seen a huge increase in requests for her figure since Skyfall was released and the timing seems perfect to honour her after such phenomenal success with the song,' she added.

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The life-size wax work of the 24-year-old will be revealed in June.  (Reuters)

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It is expected to be modelled on her black gown at the 2012 Grammy Awards, where she collected six statues for her bestselling album 21. (Getty Images)

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Uttaran to go off air in January 2014?

Colors' is gearing up for a few new offerings to its audience but that hasn't stopped rumour mills from churning out plenty of buzz on Uttaran going off air soon. The news is floating in the media since long now.  (BCCL)

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When contacted, producer- Pintoo Guha (Filmfarm Productions) shared, "All good things have to end one day. It's a matter of TRPs after all. If audiences want to see the show for some more time, I am sure the channel will keep the show. So nothing secretive about the show as we all know that the story can't go on and on and it has to end someday. We have discussed this matter with the channel and have been told that if the show is not doing well on TVTs, then it's better to pull off the show and we will be happy with the decision they take."  (BCCL)

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"Uttaran has ruled millions of hearts for years now, so if it is going off air, there is nothing wrong in it. Look at the positive side of the story that the show is loved and celebrated by audiences even now," signs off the producer. All we can say is Uttaran will be missed by its loyal fans.  (BCCL)

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PIA17887: Antoniadi Crater
 Target Name:  Mars
 Is a satellite of:  Sol (our sun)
 Mission:  2001 Mars Odyssey
 Spacecraft:  2001 Mars Odyssey
 Instrument:  THEMIS
 Product Size:  1418 x 2925 pixels (w x h)
 Produced By:  Arizona State University
 Full-Res TIFF:  PIA17887.tif (4.153 MB)
 Full-Res JPEG:  PIA17887.jpg (423.7 kB)

Click on the image above to download a moderately sized image in JPEG format (possibly reduced in size from original)

Original Caption Released with Image:

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Context image

This VIS image shows a portion of the floor of Antoniadi Crater. The faint, dark marks may be dust devil tracks.

Orbit Number: 53141 Latitude: 19.8044 Longitude: 61.0929 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-12-06 13:16

Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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International PHP Conference 2015
Win32Service Service Control Message Constants
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WIN32_SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE 0x00000003 Notifies a paused service that it should resume.
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WIN32_SERVICE_CONTROL_PRESHUTDOWN 0x0000000F Notifies a service that the system will be shutting down. A service that handles this notification blocks system shutdown until the service stops or the preshutdown time-out interval expires. This value is not supported by Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP/2000.
WIN32_SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN 0x00000005 Notifies a service that the system is shutting down so the service can perform cleanup tasks. If a service accepts this control code, it must stop after it performs its cleanup tasks. After the SCM sends this control code, it will not send other control codes to the service.
WIN32_SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP 0x00000001 Notifies a service that it should stop.
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AMD, lead sponsor at WCIT

March 27, 2006

Advanced Micro Devices Inc. upgraded its sponsorship level for the 2006 World Congress on Information Technology.

The company, one of two leading companies in microprocessor development, made the announcement Friday.

As a Pinnacle Sponsor for the event, the company will be providing AMD Personal Internet Communicators throughout Internet stations deployed by WCIT at the Austin Convention Center as well as a PIC to every registered full-conference attendee.

The PIC is one of many products that the company is offering as part of its 50x15 Initiative, which hopes to connect 50 percent of the world's population to the Internet by the year 2015.

"AMD is looking forward to providing the delegates at WCIT 2006 with an update on the extraordinary progress we've made in transforming the 50x15 vision into reality," William T. Edwards, AMD's senior vice president and chief innovation officer, said in a news release. "The growing portfolio of solutions we and our partners now offer is making a real difference in the lives of people everywhere."

The WCIT, which focuses on IT policy and the future of technology in social and economic development, will take place this year in Austin, Texas, May 1-5 and draws about 2,000 global leaders, company executives, researchers and decision makers.

Speakers will include Gen. Colin Powell, Dell Inc.'s Board Chairman Michael Dell and Intel's CEO Paul Otellini, among others, including AMD President and Chief Executive Officer Hector Ruiz.

Copyright 2006 by United Press International

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