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The Viral ‘Study’ About Runners Spreading Coronavirus Is Not Actually a Study

In the last 24 hours, a computer simulation by a team of Belgian engineers that tracks the “spread droplets” and “slipstream” of the exhalations, coughs, and sneezes of people who are running, walking, or cycling has gone viral. Perhaps you have seen this gif on Twitter, Facebook, or NextDoor. Or, as some people on our staff have seen, perhaps write-ups of it have been texted to you by concerned friends or family:

Though this was not the specific goal of the simulation, it is currently being used on neighborhood groups and social media as scientific evidence that people who are jogging and biking are putting others at risk. If you are getting “droplets” or “globules” on you, the thinking goes, you are at risk of contracting coronavirus.

“People should read and not misread my tweets and texts,” Bert Blocken of Eindhoven University of Technology, the lead researcher on the simulation, wrote in an email to Motherboard. “I have never and nowhere discouraged people from walking, running, or cycling. Rather the opposite. Maybe people should read more, and react less.”

Blocken has yet to publish a peer-reviewed paper about the simulation. In fact, he hasn’t even published a non-peer-reviewed study. Instead, he spoke to a reporter in Belgium about it, who wrote a news article, which has now been aggregated and shared widely by many publications. Given what Blocken has put into the world, taken at face value, some people are understandably concluding that it is impossible to run or cycle safely in many cities; he recommends a distance of 65 feet between bikers and other people, something that is impossible to do in cities. The issue with Blocken’s suggestion that we “read more, and react less” is that there is almost nothing to read, and there is no study to critique.

Blocken’s team took the extraordinary step of speaking to the media about his research before publishing anything about it. There is no written study to read or interpret. We do not know the specifics about how the study was done or how the simulation was run because the research team has not shared that information.

On Twitter, Blocken said the “crisis is urgent, so exceptionally we turned order upside down: (1) media, (2) today I submitted the proposal for funding (3) peer review article later. Public cannot wait months for peer review. I have a short text, I will post it on Linked In within the next hour.”

A day later, that LinkedIn post has not been published. What the team has published is something that it’s calling a “white paper,” but which is actually a Google-translated version of the Belgian newspaper article that was not written by Blocken or his team, but which quotes him. Ansys, the company that did the simulation in concert with Blocken, has also published a short but vague press release. In the meantime, this simulation has gone viral.

Studies like this are “not really useful. Not to epidemiologists anyway. The amount of transmission from this route even if it is possible will be dwarfed by that from others.”

A Medium post written by Jurgen Thoelen, who describes himself as an “entrepreneur, building clouds in all forms and shapes and life-long athlete” has been shared thousands of times. On Facebook and Twitter, the article is being shared in neighborhood groups and is being used to spur a battle between pedestrians and runners and cyclists. A typical comment is something like this, shared in an Iowa City “Quarantine Survival” Facebook page: “Omg people keep doing this. Runners and bikers with zero regard for fellow pedestrians 🤬🤬” The simulation has also been written up by the Daily Mail, while gifs, stills, and memes of the simulation, shared with little or no context, have spread on their own.

This is all to say that we are unsure of the specifics of this study, what it actually shows, what its limitations might be, and how it was done. What it’s suggesting could be accurate and useful, but we have no way of knowing that at the moment. And yet, this research is already being used to ask people to change their behavior and held up as definitive evidence that running and cycling are irresponsible during the pandemic.

Blocken said in an email that this was not his intention.

“Choice made in agreement with all the researchers involved and both university media agencies. The crisis is worldwide and the situation is urgent,” Blocken wrote. “We did not want to keep results behind closed doors until we have found the time to write down the full story. If I would have done the opposite, we would receive criticism about that. Never possible to do right for everybody. Given all the fuss I notice now, I will do an extra other late night effort and post the full story on Linked In tonight.”

“By the way this is aerodynamics work, not virology. Good luck with speeding up procedures in engineering journals,” Blocken added. “COVID-19 will not wait months or until our paper is published.”

Blocken is right: We face an urgent situation, and it’s important to get rigorous science out as quickly as possible. But hundreds of other scientists have managed to publish peer reviewed research about coronavirus in the last few weeks, on an expedited time scale. Thousands of others have published studies that are not peer reviewed, but that are at least studies in the way we usually think of them: Their methods and findings are explained in a rigorous way that can be critiqued. Even though this is a dire situation, scientific publishing safeguards exist for a reason, and we’ve already seen during this pandemic that a rushed process has led to bad, inaccurate science being published (that’s not to suggest that Blocken’s research is bad or inaccurate science, we simply have no way of knowing based on what’s been published.)

Even if the simulations hold water and are accurate, virologists and experts should be the ones making public health recommendations, not random “entrepreneurs” on Medium, which is what has happened because these simulations were not published with the specifics of how they were done or what they mean. This type of research is of course important and should be done, but it should be released in a responsible way, with the caveats, limitations, and unknowns explained clearly. Then the research should be used by virologists and public health officials to make concrete recommendations to people.

I showed Blocken’s research to William Hanage, an epidemiologist at Harvard’s Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics. He said that the virality of Blocken’s research is harmful, and that Blocken’s suggestion in the white paper that this research is a “modest contribution” toward the fight against Covid-19 “makes my blood boil.”

“Where the droplets are is much less relevant than the amount of transmission that occurs via this route”

Crucially, scientists are still unsure how well the coronavirus spreads in the air, and many have cautiously speculated that the overall risk of transmission appears to be less outdoors. Globules and droplets do likely carry the virus, but that doesn’t mean that anyone who gets a droplet on them from someone’s breath is going to be infected. Transmission depends on a host of factors; scientists believe an important one of these is “viral load,” which is a measure of how much of the virus is present.

“On the epidemiology side—where the droplets are is much less relevant than the amount of transmission that occurs via this route,” Hanage said. “Advice on physical distancing is really about *reducing* the risk of transmission rather than eliminating it altogether.”

He said studies like this are “not really useful. Not to epidemiologists anyway. The amount of transmission from this route even if it is possible will be dwarfed by that from others.” He added “it’s concerning” how fast the study has traveled … especially “when you consider I have had to write this email rather than putting the finishing touches to a model of nosocomial transmission [in hospitals].”

In a footnote on the white paper, Blocken admits “currently the subject of intensive debates between scientists world‐wide—is to what extent the residue of micro‐droplets with the virus, after evaporation, still carries an infection risk. Further virology research should shed more light on this issue.” Last week, the Atlantic‘s Ed Yong spoke to many virologists about this, and there currently is no consensus about how dangerous it is to exercise or be outside, but there is much research suggesting that the mental health benefits of exercising outdoors are important and should be taken seriously.

The issue of viral load and transmission is not addressed or mentioned in the Medium article nor in the Belgian newspaper Blocken spoke to.

When I asked if he was concerned about the fact his work had gone viral, especially in write-ups by non-experts, he said, “I am surprised by this question. You with your expertise should know that one can control the first line of media attention, and then people write stories of the stories, and it is impossible to control,” Blocken wrote. “That would have happened equally if the full paper had already been published. This is not my first big media coverage, so I have been there, done that. There is free press.”

Hanage said it’s probably OK to exercise outside as long as you “apply common sense.”

“I think there is a balance,” he said, “other than in the situation where there are really really high rates of community transmission.”


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BrandPost: A Q&A with Cisco’s CISO about Addressing Enterprise-wide Security

CISOs roles have significantly expanded. They’re now tasked with securing complex IT infrastructures that expand the attack surface, assessing and mitigating risks, addressing the business’ and board’s concerns about security — as well as managing people, processes, and technologies on limited budgets.

And in light of the recent coronavirus pandemic, all these challenges are further heightened. There has been a 26% increase in cyberattacks, with CISOs expecting COVID-19 to affect their risk-based decisions for years to come, according to a recent survey conducted by CSO.

To get a bird’s eye view into some of these issues, we chatted with Steve Martino, CISO of Cisco.

Q: In addition to having the right security technologies in place, what is your advice in terms of protecting the remote workforce today?

Martino:  We need to help individuals own, protect and secure IT. For example, at Cisco, every employee gets basic cybersecurity training and increasingly advanced training based on their roles. We also share educational materials on applying best practices at home. Having an informed workforce that is actively involved in keeping the physical and, especially now, the extended virtual workplace as safe as possible can reduce risks that may be due to human error.

Q: Outside of concerns around the pandemic, what are the most challenging aspects of the CISO role today?

Martino: It’s difficult to keep pace with the changes in business and technology innovation, and find ways of weaving a secure approach through both. Digital transformation efforts, cloud and mobile implementations, and DevOps adoption have all led to increasingly complex IT environments. These same trends have also expanded the attack surface.

Q: What lessons have you learned about ways to deal with these challenges?

Martino: What I’ve learned is the need to ensure that I am reinventing myself, the team, and generating new ideas — because as the world keeps changing, we need to reinvent to keep pace with it.

Another lesson is that relationships matter. Promoting collaboration and connections with people in your organization helps resolve conflict. It is especially important to build that strong sense of teamwork and encourage new ideas and perspectives.

  1. Speaking of communication and relationships, how can CISOs talk to their boards about securing the budget they need and protecting the enterprise, while also supporting business objectives without sounding like the ‘Department of No’?

Martino: It varies for every CISO and organization, but when I talk with the board, the discussion is centered around two things: 1) how are we trending in a small set of key metrics or indicators, which helps us to know if we’re improving and what we need to improve; and 2) what new business or technology risks we are dealing with and how we are balancing those risks against the business opportunities. What I try to communicate is how we are managing those risks in a quantifiable way.

Within the company, it’s important to speak to the leadership team frequently. My role is to translate and align risks to business priorities and help create solutions that securely and cost-effectively enable the business. This means clearly outlining the funding needed to achieve those goals. It also allows all parts of the organization to understand how we are aligned to the business priorities, and that enables us to manage those risks together as one team.

Discover how other CISOs are thinking about their security posture and the issues they’re facing. Download the Cisco 2020 CISO Benchmark Report:

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Newest iOS Vulnerabilities and How Check Point Customers Remain Protected

By Yael Macias, Product Marketing Manager, Endpoint & Mobile Security

And Danielle Guetta, Product Marketing Specialist, Email Security

Last week, cyber security firm ZecOps announced that it had discovered two serious vulnerabilities in the iOS Mail app which allow an attacker to remotely infect an iPhone or iPad and gain full control over their inbox. The security flaws affect iOS 6 through iOS 13, and according to the firm, attacks that exploit these vulnerabilities have been taking place for about two years. The first in-the-wild sample was seen in January 2018.

One of the vulnerabilities was said to enable an attacker to remotely infect an iOS device by sending emails that consume a large amount of memory. The vulnerability is triggered without any user interaction – zero-click – in iOS 13, and with one needed click to open the email in iOS 12. Another vulnerability could allow remote code execution capabilities. Successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities could potentially allow an attacker to leak, modify, or delete a user’s emails.

While it still remains to be seen whether these vulnerabilities actually succeeded to compromise iOS users, it proves yet again that iOS is not that secure. While Apple keeps stricter policies when it comes to uploading applications to their official App Store, their devices can still be penetrated in other ways: phishing campaigns, malicious certificates, Man-in-the-Middle attacks, or remote code execution that is embedded in malicious campaigns delivered via email, such as this one. These news serve as a reminder that, while users should put their trust on their operating system providers, they should also be wary of the growing number of threats to mobile devices and take security measures of their own, even on iOS.

Until a security patch is released we recommend disabling the native email app and working with other email clients.

Check Point Customers Remain Protected

With CloudGuard SaaS

CloudGuard SaaS provides email security to ensure accounts and devices don’t get compromised:

  • Since the nature of the attack is ‘zero-click’ and requires no user interaction, it must be blocked before it reaches the inbox. CloudGuard SaaS accounts that are in Protect (Inline) mode remain protected and require no action on their part.
  • CloudGuard SaaS accounts that are in Monitor or post-delivery Detect and Prevent mode should be changed to Protect (Inline) mode. This will ensure the email is quarantined prior to reaching the inbox and keep customers protected from this attack as well as other Zero-Day (and zero-click) attacks.

Try CloudGuard SaaS today.

With On-prem MTA

Customers using Check Point’s security gateways with the MTA enabled can also stay protected from this attack. We recommend to contact Check Point support for instructions on how to enable it.

With SandBlast Mobile

SandBlast Mobile provides unique Mobile Threat Defense capabilities to protect against sophisticated mobile exploits like these.

  • If the vulnerabilities are used as part an exploit chain to gain full access on the device, and the device is jailbroken, SandBlast Mobile will detect the jailbreak and raise an alert to both user and administrator.
  • In case the attack is used to steal data from the mobile device by using network connections to a remote Command and Control server, the Anti-Bot feature of On-device Network Protection (ONP) will block the communication.
  • Once Apple releases a security patch, SandBlast Mobile will alert and enforce device updates to the latest OS version.

Try SandBlast Mobile today.


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FACE is so excited that our Success Story, Tinka, just celebrated her 5th birthday! Her mom just sent over a few cute photos from her ‘pawty,’ and said a few kind words: ‘Once again I would like to say Thank You for helping me with Tinka. We are so grateful. In the last three months she has fully recovered from her surgery and is now walking again…Our family and friends brought a donation instead of gifts for your foundation.’

Tinka had been suffering from T3-L3 Myelopathy, a serious disc issue somewhat common in Dachshunds. But luckily, Tinka is now pain free and happy as can be! FACE is so happy that Tinka was able to celebrate her second chance at life and is thankful for this donation that will be used to save more lives in the future!

Tinka Sanchez Birthday Pawty .jpg


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At least 42 dead in Brazil prison clashes

Relatives of inmates react in front of a prison complex in the Brazilian state of AmazonasImage copyright

Image caption

Relatives of inmates react after news of prisoners found dead in the state of Amazonas

Forty-two inmates have been found dead at separate prisons in northern Brazil a day after 15 prisoners were killed during gang clashes, officials say.

The latest deaths, which were reported in Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state, all appeared to be the result of asphyxiation, authorities said.

They added that staff had discovered the victims during routine inspections at four different prison facilities.

A task force has been sent to “control the disturbances,” officials said.

Several other inmates were injured in Monday’s incidents, according to Brazil’s Globo news website (in Portuguese).

On Sunday, clashes reportedly broke out during visiting hours at Anísio Jobim Penitentiary Complex in the region.

Officials said the prisoners were stabbed with sharpened toothbrushes and strangled to death.

An investigation is reportedly under way to determine the cause of the violence over the weekend, which was witnessed by visitors.

“It was total chaos,” the mother of an inmate – who did not wish to be named – told the Rio Times.

“Everyone started to run, and everyone was pounding on the cell gates, at the doors, and running down the corridors.”

It comes only two years after infighting killed 56 at the same jail, one of the deadliest riots ever in a Brazilian prison.

Brazil has the world’s third-largest prison population – 712,305 inmates in April this year, according to official figures.

You may also be interested in:

The population is nearly double the capacity of Brazil’s prisons. This has led to severe overcrowding, fuelling gang violence, riots and sometimes breakout attempts.

In early 2017, several violent rebellions left 119 people dead in jails in northern Brazil.

Around 92 inmates also escaped last September after heavily armed men set off explosives outside a prison and shot their way inside, killing a policeman.

Attempts to reform the prison system and to introduce tighter controls have met with resistance from powerful criminal gangs which operate both inside and outside of jails.

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Media captionCan these shipping containers end violence at this Brazilian prison? Andy Beatt reports

Earlier this year, gangs launched around 80 attacks on public buildings, banks, buses and petrol stations – many of them believed to have been carried out in retaliation for the proposed reforms.

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text:
Hold on

I’m working my way back.

This human experience is an interesting ride.

I find myself lost and just holding on often, buried deep within my mind.

Overrun by waves of nonsense built up and programmed for 54 years.

Just when I’m about at my end though, cracks of light come.

My guides are always here, it’s I who left.

Anyone out there barely holding on try to quiet your mind.

Breathe in Peace, Send out Love

16 thoughts on “Hold on

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Janni and the Draken

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Once there was a man who shunned the world, and lived in the wilderness. He owned nothing but a flock of sheep, whose milk and wool he sold, and so procured himself bread to eat; he also carried wooden spoons, and sold them. He had a wife and one little girl, and after a long time his wife had another child. The evening it was born the man went to the nearest village to fetch a nurse, and on the way he met a monk who begged him for a night’s lodging. This the man willingly granted, and took him home with him. There being no one far nor near to baptize the child, the man asked the monk to do him this service, and the child was given the name of Janni.

In the course of time Janni’s parents died, and he and his sister were left alone in the world; soon affairs went badly with them, so they determined to wander away to seek their fortune. In packing up, the sister found a knife which the monk had left for his godson, and this she gave to her brother.

Then they went on their way, taking with them the three sheep which were all that remained of their flocks. After wandering for three days they met a man with three dogs who proposed that they should exchange animals, he taking the sheep, and they the dogs. The brother and sister were quite pleased at this arrangement, and after the exchange was made they separated, and went their different ways.

Janni and his sister in course of time came to a great castle, in which dwelt forty Draken, who, when they heard that Janni had come, fled forty fathoms underground.

So Janni found the castle deserted, and abode there with his sister, and every day went out to hunt with the weapons the Draken had left in the castle.

One day, when he was away hunting, one of the Draken came up to get provisions, not knowing that there was anyone in the castle. When he saw Janni’s sister he was terrified, but she told him not to be afraid, and by-and-by they fell in love with each other, for every time that Janni went to hunt the sister called the Drakos up. Thus they went on making love to each other till at length, unknown to Janni, they got married. Then, when it was too late, the sister repented, and was afraid of Janni’s wrath when he found it out.

One day the Drakos came to her, and said: ‘You must pretend to be ill, and when Janni asks what ails you, and what you want, you must answer: “Cherries,” and when he inquires where these are to be found, you must say: “There are some in a garden a day’s journey from here.” Then your brother will go there, and will never come back, for there dwell three of my brothers who will look after him well.’

Then the sister did as the Drakos advised, and next day Janni set out to fetch the cherries, taking his three dogs with him. When he came to the garden where the cherries grew he jumped off his horse, drank some water from the spring, which rose there, and fell directly into a deep sleep. The Draken came round about to eat him, but the dogs flung themselves on them and tore them in pieces, and scratched a grave in the ground with their paws, and buried the Draken so that Janni might not see their dead bodies. When Janni awoke, and saw his dogs all covered with blood, he believed that they had caught, somewhere, a wild beast, and was angry because they had left none of it for him. But he plucked the cherries, and took them back to his sister.

When the Drakos heard that Janni had come back, he fled for fear forty fathoms underground. And the sister ate the cherries and declared herself well again.

The next day, when Janni was gone to hunt, the Drakos came out, and advised the sister that she should pretend to be ill again, and when her brother asked her what she would like, she should answer ‘Quinces,’ and when he inquired where these were to be found, she should say: ‘In a garden distant about two days’ journey.’ Then would Janni certainly be destroyed, for there dwelt six brothers of the Drakos, each of whom had two heads.

The sister did as she was advised, and next day Janni again set off, taking his three dogs with him. When he came to the garden he dismounted, sat down to rest a little, and fell fast asleep. First there came three Draken round about to eat him, and when these three had been worried by the dogs, there came three others who were worried in like manner. Then the dogs again dug a grave and buried the dead Draken, that their master might not see them. When Janni awoke and beheld the dogs all covered with blood, he thought, as before, that they had killed a wild beast, and was again angry with them for leaving him nothing. But he took the quinces and brought them back to his sister, who, when she had eaten them, declared herself better. The Drakos, when he heard that Janni had come back, fled for fear forty fathoms deeper underground.

Next day, when Janni was hunting, the Drakos went to the sister and advised that she should again pretend to be ill, and should beg for some pears, which grew in a garden three days’ journey from the castle. From this quest Janni would certainly never return, for there dwelt nine brothers of the Drakos, each of whom had three heads.

The sister did as she was told, and next day Janni, taking his three dogs with him, went to get the pears. When he came to the garden he laid himself down to rest, and soon fell asleep.

Then first came three Draken to eat him, and when the dogs had worried these, six others came and fought the dogs a long time. The noise of this combat awoke Janni, and he slew the Draken, and knew at last why the dogs were covered with blood.

After that he freed all whom the Draken held prisoners, amongst others, a king’s daughter. Out of gratitude she would have taken him for her husband; but he put her off, saying: ‘For the kindness that I have been able to do to you, you shall receive in this castle all the blind and lame who pass this way.’ The princess promised him to do so, and on his departure gave him a ring.

So Janni plucked the pears and took them to his sister, who, when she had eaten them, declared she felt better. When, however, the Drakos heard that Janni had come back yet a third time safe and sound, he fled for fright forty fathoms deeper underground; and, next day, when Janni was away hunting, he crept out and said to the sister: ‘Now are we indeed both lost, unless you find out from him wherein his strength lies, and then between us we will contrive to do away with him.’

When, therefore, Janni had come back from hunting, and sat at evening with his sister by the fire, she begged him to tell her wherein lay his strength, and he answered: ‘It lies in my two fingers; if these are bound together then all my strength disappears.’

‘That I will not believe,’ said the sister, ‘unless I see it for myself.’

Then he let her tie his fingers together with a thread, and immediately he became powerless. Then the sister called up the Drakos, who, when he had come forth, tore out Janni’s eyes, gave them to his dogs to eat, and threw him into a dry well.

Now it happened that some travellers, going to draw water from this well, heard Janni groaning at the bottom. They came near, and asked him where he was, and he begged them to draw him up from the well, for he was a poor unfortunate man.

The travellers let a rope down and drew him up to daylight. It was not till then that he first became aware that he was blind, and he begged the travellers to lead him to the country of the king whose daughter he had freed, and they would be well repaid for their trouble.

When they had brought him there he sent to beg the princess to come to him; but she did not recognise him till he had shown her the ring she had given him.

Then she remembered him, and took him with her into the castle.

When she learnt what had befallen him she called together all the sorceresses in the country in order that they should tell her where the eyes were. At last she found one who declared that she knew where they were, and that she could restore them. This sorceress then went straight to the castle where dwelt the sister and the Drakos, and gave something to the dogs to eat which caused the eyes to reappear. She took them with her and put them back in Janni’s head, so that he saw as well as before.

Then he returned to the castle of the Drakos, whom he slew as well as his sister; and, taking his dogs with him, went back to the princess and they were immediately married.

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VPK4 through 8th grade

We believe the academic and spiritual success of each student can be attained through a combined effort of the home, school and church.

Our preschool program can be the foundational block upon which a child’s experience at Fort Myers Christian School is built. This is the entry level program into our school. The program structure and curriculum design set the focus towards beginning a young child’s adventure in education. Emphasis is placed on nurturing each child in all areas of his or her own progression of development. The philosophy is integrated with hands-on learning through various discovery experiences. This foundation of creative development is outlined in the theme of our pre-kindergarten, which is “Discovering God’s World.”

First Assembly of God and Fort Myers Christian School welcomes you to our new Children's Center building which houses grades PK-4th grade. We praise the Lord that your children have an opportunity to enter a building that was built debt-free (a great relief to our tuition paying parents), a place that desires to see young boys and girls grow spiritually, academically and physically. Our dedicated teachers and staff have committed their lives to the call of teaching and will do all they can to create a great atmosphere for learning. We encourage you to visit our school and take a tour.

Middle School

Our middle school consists of students in grades 6th-8th grade. Core classes include: math (regular math, pre-algebra or algebra), science, language arts, history, Bible, one semester of Spanish and one semester of physical education. During elective period, students choose from drama, computer, art, teacher aide, study hall, yearbook business, yearbook layout, ensemble, and science fair. Students switch classes on a bell schedule, use lockers, and wrap the day up with homeroom. Our goal is for each student to make a great transition to middle school as they enter this time of their adolescent growth.

Mission Statement

FMCS works with the home and the church to academically train and spiritually nurture students to become productive citizens in society and impact others for Jesus Christ.

FMCS exists to cooperate with Christian parents to teach and train their children according to God’s Word. FMCS seeks to integrate the truth of Scripture into every aspect of the curriculum and school program and to nurture the development of Christian character in each student. It is our goal that each student be academically and spiritually successful, and we believe this can only be fully attained through a combined effort of the home, school, and church. The personal philosophy of each family is important, as parents are encouraged to be actively involved in their child’s education. We exist to provide a Christian education for children of average and above average aptitude and ability. FMCS embraces a traditional approach to the elementary and middle school curriculum. Strong emphasis is placed on phonics, critical thinking skills, study habits and a disciplined approach to learning.

Since 1987, FMCS has been a FULLY ACCREDITED PK3-8th grade school through the Florida Council of Independent Schools (FCIS), and the Florida Kindergarten Council (FKC), (www.fkconline.org) Today, FCIS evaluates and accredits independent schools throughout Florida. As one of the nation's largest organizations of independent schools, it represents 72,000 students in 153 member schools. The Council assures that each school maintains high standards and independence of character without political, financial, or bureaucratic pressures (from www.fcis.org ). We are also members of ACSI, Association of Christian Schools International (www.acsi.org).

Admissions and Tuition

On behalf of all of the FMCS family, we would like to thank you for your interest in Fort Myers Christian School. A new feature that we started in 2014-15 is our partnership with our Renweb student/parent data portal for online re-registration and registration! Please call our offices at 239-939-4642 or visit our Admissions page online at FMCS-FL.org.

We are very thankful for those that work on the “front lines” of our school. We are here to serve you and we would be more than glad to help answer your questions about FMCS. Please feel free to contact us by phone, 239-939-4642, or use the online contact form. You can also visit our school Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM. Call ahead to set up a tour or our facility.

Extracurricular Activities

FMCS offers the following specialty classes for students in grades K-8: library, art, computer, music, physical education and Spanish. We offer a variety of team and individual sports for boys and girls in grades 5-8 and elementary track and field. The school is a member of the Suncoast Junior High League and competes in the following sports with other schools: in the fall, boys may play soccer and girls may participate in volleyball; in the winter, basketball and cheerleading are available for both boys and girls; in the spring, we offer track, golf, girls’ soccer and boys’ volleyball.

Learn more about Fort Myers Christian School at FMCS-FL.org
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6 Wide Receivers That Could Ruin Your Fantasy Team

Amari Cooper Oakland Raiders
Source: Icon Sportswire

Fantasy football is all about value. Brandin Cooks was a nice 3rd round pick last year, but Michael Thomas was just as good and he was available in the 11th round.

Never enter a draft with a set target for each round. Play the draft as it comes. Use Average Draft Position to get a sense of where guys will go, and watch for value that drops.

We started ADP Master with a look at QBs and TEs, but now we’ve turned our attention to wide receivers. You already know six receivers to target. Here are six to avoid at their current ADP…

A.J. Green - ADP 1.10

A.J. Green might be the LeSean McCoy of WRs in this year’s drafts. He’s going as WR5 almost by default and is a top ten pick despite the fact that he’s never finished as a top ten player.

Fantasy Football ADP for A.J. Green

This is not the A.J. Green of 2013 and 2014 anymore. He’s settled in around nine targets a game, down from 11 early in his career, and is becoming less of a redzone threat as the Bengals turn to Tyler Eifert and other targets. Green has averaged 13 games over the past three years and is developing a troubling pattern of coming up lame right as fantasy playoffs kickoff. Like McCoy, he is all downside and little upside as a 1st round pick.

Amari Cooper - ADP 2.09

Amari Cooper is going in the 2nd round for a second straight season as fans eagerly away his expected breakout.

Fantasy Football ADP for Amari Cooper

The problem is Amari showed precious little improvement last year from a fantasy standpoint and may not even be a true #1 receiver on his own team. Cooper has seen fewer targets both years than teammate Michael Crabtree. He had more targets than Crabtree in just six games last year, and Crabtree is the more consistent redzone threat. Cooper’s talent may someday merit a draft pick this high, but the opportunity just isn’t there right now to merit a spot among the top ten receivers.

Brandin Cooks - ADP 2.11

Brandin Cooks was a top ten 2016 WR for New Orleans, and a trade to the Patriots had owners salivating even before a Julian Edelman ACL tear sent Cooks’s ADP skyrocketing.

Fantasy Football ADP for Brandin Cooks

Unfortunately Cooks fits the profile of a player that could fall quickly. WRs this century with under 80 receptions have less than a 10% chance of repeating top ten seasons, and Cooks had 78. He also scored 58 of his points in just two games and would’ve finished WR18 without one of those games and barely in the top 40 without both. These numbers paint the portrait of someone reliant on big plays to find value, someone maddeningly inconsistent from week to week. Cooks is more of a deep threat than a possession guy anyways. It’s likely Danny Amendola or Chris Hogan who may benefit more from Edelman’s absence. Cooks is not a reliable 2nd round target.

Terrelle Pryor - ADP 3.07

Terrelle Pryor broke out last season for Cleveland, and an offseason move to Washington’s high-powered offense has owners buying the hype.

Fantasy Football ADP for Terrelle Pryor

Pryor certainly profiles as a breakout candidate. He has good size to rack up TDs and it’s easy to see a target boost as Washington’s lead man. But are we sure that will be the case? DeSean Jackson and Pierre Garcon are gone, but 100-target slot man Jamison Crowder is still to soak up passes and isn’t Jordan Reed the top Washington receiver? Pryor’s role is up in the air, and so is this offense with coordinator Sean McVay off to the Rams as their new coach. Pryor certainly could finish as WR13, but drafting him that high takes away the value of his upside.

Tyreek Hill - ADP 4.03

The 5'10" speedster was a surprise rookie star for the Chiefs with 12 TDs between receiving, rushing, and kick returning, and owners are paying for a high 4th rounder for Hill’s versatility and speed.

Fantasy Football ADP for Tyreek Hill

Tyreek Hill is all about the big play. An incredible 55 of his 140 points last season came on just five plays?—?and nothing can save your week quite like an 80-yard touchdown. But what if teams game plan for the speedy Hill and the big plays never come? Take away those five big plays and Hill averaged just 5.3 ppg last season with nine single-digit fantasy games. His value as a runner is overrated thanks to two long runs, and you probably don’t get points for all those kick return yards anyway. In performance leagues Hill is more intriguing, but in standard leagues you should stay away.

Davante Adams - ADP 4.06

Davante Adams broke out last year with a monster 12 TD season and saved many fantasy seasons. Now he’s being drafted among the top 20 WRs.

Fantasy Football ADP for Davante Adams

Adams saw career highs in every stat last season and his profile practically screams regression. His 4.5 TD% his first two seasons may have been a tad low, but it’ll be nearly impossible for Adams to repeat his 16.0 TD% rate from 2016. Teammates this century have finished among the top ten WRs 14 times like Adams and Jordy Nelson last season. They’ve never repeated there; in fact, the second receiver has never even finished top 20 the next season. Adams is sure to see his TD% regress, and he didn’t even hit 1000 yards last year so his value is entirely TD dependent. Stay away.

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Live: Toy – Gorilla, Manchestester

London five-piece TOY have been positioned – whether they like it or not – as one of the most prominent bands spearheading a current psych craze that is filling more column inches than ever before.

Realistically, such fickle accolades should be taken with a pinch of salt and rather than portraying them as the poster boys (and girl) of a passing trend, it is surely a better approach to consider their output independently of this, in the hope that it will ultimately bear the fruit of a long lasting career.

Their second album Join The Dots was promptly released by Heavenly Recordings in December and marked a strong follow-up to their self-titled debut. It was unveiled little over a year after their first effort and very much follows the same formula, fusing the power and industry of krautrock with a synth-drenched psychedelic sound that peaks and troughs thrillingly.

Early gigs saw the dynamics of TOY’s wall of sound approach turned up to eleven from every corner of the stage – it made for a high-octane night out that left the ears ringing all the way to the office the next morning.

However, the quintet have now had a fair bit of time to hone their live show and come up with something that is much more of a melodic affair.

With that in mind, the choice of support for this 700-capacity gig at Manchester’s fantastic Gorilla venue could not have been more apt. The lo-fi pop of the The Proper Ornaments is a slightly more timid, but nevertheless enjoyable, appetiser for the evening’s headliners.

Featuring members from indie rockers Veronica Falls and Let’s Wrestle, they could probably be described as a supergroup of the most obscure kind. 60s inspired harmonies are sung in a much more muffled fashion that would have been the mandate of legends like David Crosby or Brian Wilson, but the jangle of a series of infectious guitar hooks mean the set very much has its roots in pop.

TOY take to the stage and are greeted by a packed out venue. The set begins in the same way as Join The Dots with the instrumental onslaught of ‘Conductor’. Conjuring comparisons to the likes of My Bloody Valentine and even heavier offerings by Can, the track demonstrates a confidence in the new material to get the audience going.

It is only when they launch into ‘Colours Running Out’ that the band unveil a sleeker, more harmonious sound that has overtaken the speaker-busting distortion that characterised inaugural performances.

Although the crowd appear relatively subdued for much of the night, it seems this is due to encapsulation as opposed to any kind of boredom, in the company of an act that come across as being more settled and having consolidated themselves as a five-pronged unit – each component of which compliment each other perfectly.

Former show-stopper and the last track from the first record ‘Kopter’ has now been thrown smack bang into the middle of the set, meaning rather than having to patiently wait for a frenzied crescendo, the audience are treated to the marriage Alejandra Diez’s swirling synth and Tom Dougal’s effects pedal earlier on.

But that doesn’t mean the later portion of the set suffers in any way – something that must surely be testament to the quality of Join The Dots.

An equally epic sounding rendition of ‘Fall Out Of Love’ is a highlight, but it is the krautrock beat and euphoric chord progressions of ‘Motoring’ that receive the biggest response from the crowd.

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Being a band that needn’t rely on the suaveness of on-stage chat or elaborate showmanship to really impress, TOY are yet to arrive at a point where encores are they’re thing. Instead they simply bow out with the new album’s title track.

‘Join The Dots’ kicks in with a bassline that moves away from the mechanics of Kraftwerk, instead triggering memories of Donna Summer’s Giorgio Moroder-produced disco classic ‘I Feel Love’.

The performance has been one that proves, providing album three reaches the same high standards as its predecessors, TOY look set to be rocking venues up and down the country long after the psych invasion has been overthrown.

Patrick Davies

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Kris Van Assche from Eastpak and Misericordia to Lee

After Eastpak and Misericordia, Belgian designer Kris Van Assche has demonstrated his penchant for collaborations by joining forces with denim wear brand Lee for their upcoming Autumn-Winter collection. Dior Homme’s Artistic Director was drawn to Lee by his blue-jean “work-wear” inspirations for his own label. His elegant and minimalist collection, made up of the denim wear brand’s five essential menswear items, will be on sale as of July.

The denim jacket, shirt, bomber jacket, chinos and 5-pocket style jeans, will be available in two colours: the classic blue-jean colour of course, but also dark brown. They will be available for sale in the designer’s retailers as well as in selected Lee stores.

For spring-summer 2012 Kris Van Assche collaborate for a second time with Eastpak to create a collection of bags.
In a strong urban spirit with cool elegance, Kris Van Assche has created 7 designs available in three combinations of fabric and colours.
As an echo to the black/grey/natural palette of his FW2011/2012 collection, the bags are a mix of sportswear influences, classical elegance and military details.
For instance, parachute cloth, leather and rough cotton are combined and smarten up the whole range.
The bags reflect the designers trademarks: flexible fabric and sobriety, internal structure and clean lines.
Each bag has a metal key ring, made out of two pieces that fit together, each part representing the name of the two brands.
To see the collection, click here.

Summer 2011 Kris Van Assche collaborated with Misericordia.
Misericordia is a Peruvian brand. The clothes are ethically produced in the Misericordia workshop in Lima by a team of seamstresses with a unique know-how. Misericordia is a project combining avant-garde artistic and social commitment, with a selective distribution in over 100 prestigious concept stores worldwide. In 2008, Misericordia opened its online store: and 2009, its first shop in Lima.
During production, from start to finish, the workshop's employees guarantee the exclusivity of unique and handcrafted designs made out of rare and luxurious fabrics such as the Peruvian Pima cotton, Alpaca wool or organic cotton. See a glimpse of the collaboration of Kris Van Assche and Misericordia

About Kris Van Assche

Balancing a nostalgic historical sense with radical modernism, Kris Van Assche has created a distinctive, refined world of nonchalant elegance. Van Assche's work is characterized by attention to detail.
Kris Van Assche was born in Belgium in 1976. Shortly after graduating from the Antwerp Royal Academy of Fine Arts, he moved to Paris in 1998. After working at Yves Saint Laurent and then for Dior Homme, he began to show his original creations in January 2005. Today he heads his own label, KRIS VAN ASSCHE, and is the artistic director for Dior Homme since april 2007.
Impelled by a vision of the man who takes the time to "dress up", Kris Van Assche has embarked on an esthetic quest, pursuing a new masculinity infused with poetry and authenticity.

A look of his fall-winter 2012-2013 collection

Kris Van Assche from Eastpak and Misericordia to Lee Kris Van Assche from Eastpak and Misericordia to Lee Reviewed by Patricia Munster on 1:20:00 AM Rating: 5

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Why we are unique ??

Fashion Hoards is dedicated to bringing exclusive and excellent online shopping experience in Pakistan. Online Shopping is currently in Pakistan’s early days for e-tailing, and Fashion Hoards strives best to have the finest shopping experience, right from the beginning.

Fashion Hoards is also dedicated to providing our online shoppers in Pakistan with a wonderful and enjoyable customer experience by offering premium goods at the cheapest price, simple return policy and various payment methods like customer service for pre- and post-sales.


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not simple, seems Calm down!..

Category: Alternative

I Want Bass - Various - Untitled (Vinyl)

02.11.2019 Gubei 8 Comments

This was not music that ever traveled, at least not for many years my lower-class, small town upbringing ensured I had absolutely no ambition , but it was music that permeated everything. My friends and I lived together, made recordings, played occasional shows and mostly just worked out our demons through narcotic substances and song.

It's me trying to hazard a true American nostalgia The roughness of rock and roll and the independence of travel act as the flip-side to all this sentimental backward-glancing. The earthiness of these songs makes you want to get loaded and get in a fight, or find a girl and fall in love forever, simultaneously.

Main article: Blitzen Trapper discography. Retrieved August 8, Vagrant Records. Retrieved 20 April Blitzen Trapper - Biography. AllMusic Guide. Rolling Stone. Retrieved Sub Pop. Retrieved 15 June Retrieved 17 June Glide Magazine. Retrieved 26 May Archived from the original on 26 July Retrieved 30 May Archived from the original on May 5, Archived from the original on April 22, Retrieved 31 May The A.

New York, NY. Retrieved 13 June Leeway's Homegrown Music Network. Retrieved 24 June Retrieved 23 June Bonnaroo Lineup. Record Store Day. Retrieved 9 July Retrieved 26 June Daniel Elkayam. Retrieved 14 June All Tomorrow's Parties.

Retrieved 8 July Delaware Online. Jack White — Lazaretto Released after having been worked on for seven years? Released only after I flew to Bemidji, Minnesota and visited the grave of two deceased band members? You get the idea. The current hot ticket. I liken this one to if Michael Jackson had played a show to a capacity room during the Thriller tour AND hand-painted the album covers.

And we turned it around in just over a month. A true feat for a true artist. Our first release, given away to attendees at our grand opening party on March 11th, Limited to copies, each with a cover hand-painted by one of the members of the Dead Weather and with an original, one-of-a-kind photo booth strip of the band as an insert. Good copies have been used and maybe even abused a little. Audible pops and crackling is likely,.

Good records should not. Fair is the lowest grade we sell the only lower grade would be poor. Look for multiple scratches and scuffs, many severe,. Fair copies will have background noise with crackling, popping and hissing.

Still should play through most parts OK, and should not skip too often. A filler copy until you can find. Vinyl Grading Notes:. All the way into subsonic frequencies.

But for music the LP as a medium does pretty well. All else being equal though I'd have to say CD does have an edge here with extreme material. Scott Wheeler , Jul 27, Mark Spencer likes this. Location: Torremolinos, Spain. EddieVanHalen , Jul 27, Location: charleston, sc. Location: Pleasantville, NY. I have Rob Wassweman's "Duets" on vinyl.

When I play it at no more than 85 dB SPL measure with a sound pressure meter it rattles the china two rooms away. As you can see from my profile I do not have a subwoofer. If vinyl is lacking in bass I have yet to experience it. Now I know vinyl is meant to have the upper hand in the LF area well all areas , but comparing it to a standin CDP old technics cheapo it's put to shame, Bob can have the window's rattling through the 15" Tannoy's.

So I know this is not meant to be the case. VTA - arm looks flat but haven't measured. The TT is flat checked with spirit level , on it's own wall mounted shelf. So, would someone please be able to give me some suggestions as to what might be up please?

Thanks Harry. Unfortunately, whoever gave you the impression that vinyl has the edge in the bass area was wrong. That's the key area that CD has the upper hand.

Vinyl as a format is limited by the physical width of the grooves. In addition, cheaper decks won't have the control over the tip of the stylus, thus making the problem even worse. Because vinyl is in a non compressed format it is true that you get more at the low and high end but most of this information is inaudiable and in the case of the bass is the stuff you feel rather than hear.

Vinyl is a funny format and does need a lot of tweaking to get its best but you sound like you know the items to check. I can only think your phono stage may not be compatible with your arm, cartridge choice and suggest if you can, trying something different.

I admit this isn't the highest end deck, but when it came out it was meant to compete with Rega Planar 2s, although didn't quite make it. So assuming you've corrected me, cd's are better in the bass department, i still can't believe the gap can be this wide. I mean, it's shocking. But looking at a new cartridge may be the next option, as I've run out of others. And yeah I've tried all the tweaking etc. Being fair,I think that both of you are right in various respects

We pressed the first two tri-colors (Mildred And The Mice – I Like My Mice (Dead) and Rachelle Garniez – My House Of Peace (, Tri-Color, Vinyl)) and sold them together on the same day, May 25th, With little warning to fans and in true DIY style, we actually goofed up the press release and a bunch of eager customers were standing outside the Third Man storefront in Nashville on.

8 thought on “I Want Bass - Various - Untitled (Vinyl)”

  1. Fauk says:
    Catalog Number: TRX For DJ's & Collectors! If I make a mistake I will endeavor to rectify this asap. RECORD GRADING for vinyl record grading. every record that we list for sale. Johncamilla Records takes a serious approach to vinyl grading, and we base our grading system on the Goldmine faugladtauscinagcirsinglenmaerisdeansti.xyzinfo Rating: % positive.
  2. Mezisida says:
    Out now on heavyweight black vinyl in a stickered sleeve, it’d be great to see this crossover into the experimental techno circuit as drum and bass owes so much to the genre for its own evolution. Hooverian Blue – Old Gold (Sneaker Social Club) Quality three-tracker from the .
  3. Mikasa says:
    View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the Vinyl release of Untitled on Discogs. Label: The Vinyl factory - VF,Lonely Table - LT • Format: Vinyl LP, Compilation, Limited Edition • Country: UK • Genre: Hip Hop, Jazz •/5(11).
  4. Nagar says:
    Most of the industry leaders, from Hal Leonard to Alfred to Cherry Lane, have first-rate bass guitar tablatures in virtually every musical genre to choose from. If you don’t want to zero in on one particular musical genre, Hal Leonard Bass Tab White Pages Songbook has over various songs with note-for-note bass transcriptions tabs.
  5. Nejar says:
    JFA (Jodie Foster's Army) are veterans' from the early 's Phoenix, Arizona hardcore punk scene, the members are Brian Brannon (vocals/keyboards), Don "Redondo" Pendleton (guitar), Michael Cornelius (bass) and Mike "Bam-Bam" Sversvold (drums), this compilation only covers their first EP Blatant Localism () and their debut album Valley Of The Yakes and rare and live tracks which /5(12).
  6. Gardadal says:
    Jul 28,  · I think this type of argument comes from the fact that on vinyl one is limited by the physical limitations of the medium. On a reasonably long side one can't add all the bass that you can add on a CD, or the LP won't track.
  7. Kagazilkree says:
    [Untitled] [yellow vinyl] 33 rpm, Colored Vinyl, Even though this is a fun album to listen to because of the great guitar work, drumming, bass tones etc., there is a weird deepness that I connect with that also makes it an emotional experience on top of being alternative music I can simply enjoy musically. That's harder to pin down due.
  8. Shaktigul says:
    mp3 album Various - HardcoreWillNeverDie Vol. 1 download free.

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It’s the most wonderful time of the year….

….or so the old song goes. Yet it doesn’t always feel that way. Sometimes it is marked with loneliness or missing a loved one who has passed on. And the often-hectic nature of the season can pile on more challenges and stress. The good news is – there is hope. Hope, Love, Joy, and Peace – to be exact. Let’s make this Christmas season one to set aside time to prepare our hearts for the coming of Christ. The four-week God With Us series will help us place our focus on the greatest gift ever given – and to experience his presence in our lives today.

Hope 11/25

Love 12/2

Joy 12/9

Peace 12/23


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David J. Marshall: SEC breaks new ground, bans employer-imposed waiver of right to whistleblower award

The Securities and Exchange Commission sent a strong message to employers nationwide last week when it issued a cease-and-desist order against a company that required departing employees, as a condition of receiving severance, to sign an agreement waiving their right to any award from the SEC Whistleblower Program for reporting securities law violations.

The practice violated SEC Rule 21F-17, which makes it unlawful to take “any action to impede an individual from communicating directly with the Commission staff about a possible securities law violation….” As part of last week’s settlement with the SEC, building-products wholesaler Blue Linx Holdings agreed to pay a $265,000 penalty and to reform all agreements with its employees to comply with the rule.

The SEC’s order against Blue Linx follows two earlier enforcement actions — one in April 2015 against KBR, Inc., and another against Merrill Lynch in June 2016 — in which the Commission outlawed employer-imposed agreements that placed restrictions on employees’ ability to disclose information to government agencies, such as allowing disclosure only if required by law, in response to subpoena, or with the company’s permission.

While last week’s action against BlueLinx also struck down similar provisions in that company’s agreements, it is groundbreaking because it represents the first time that the SEC has taken aim specifically at a provision designed to impede whistleblowers by requiring them to waive their right to an SEC whistleblower award.

Such provisions have become commonplace in the five years since SEC Rule 21F-17 went into effect in August 2011. As this author explained to the SEC commissioners in a May 2013 letter that first alerted them to the negative impact of these and other provisions in employer-imposed agreements, employers were responding to the issuance of Rule 21F-17 with a wide range of tactics that they hoped would effectively dissuade employees from speaking with the SEC while staying just inside letter of the law.

The mandatory waiver of the right to an award from the SEC Whistleblower Program had become an especially insidious threat to the success of the program, as its intended effect was to undermine the incentives that Congress believed were needed to in order to encourage participation by employees who feared losing their jobs if their employers grew to suspect them as whistleblowers.  Such waivers are also particularly offensive because a company’s only reason for including them in its agreement with employees is to discourage the employees from reporting the company for violating U.S. securities laws.

These violations can include violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which the SEC enforces through civil actions aimed at foreign bribery by companies whose stock is traded on U.S. exchanges.

The SEC’s decisive action against Blue Linx represents a tremendously positive development for would-be whistleblowers. It also protects the interests of the investing public, who continue to benefit from the SEC Whistleblower Program and from the courage of the thousands of individuals who have stepped forward to provide information that can strengthen the SEC’s ability to police the integrity of the nation’s financial markets.

With last week’s action, the SEC has made its position clear on the most direct and harmful impediments that employers have used to discourage employees from reporting securities violations and participating in the SEC Whistleblower Program. To avoid a knock on their own door by the SEC, most companies will act promptly in revising their agreements with employees to remove such offending provisions.

Continued vigilance on the part of whistleblowers and their counsel is needed, however, as various other terms that remain in many employment agreements can be written and implemented so as to impede individuals from providing information to the SEC.  As long as some employers have that goal in mind when drafting their agreements, both whistleblower advocates and the SEC must be ready to take action to protect the continued success of the SEC Whistleblower Program.

David J. Marshall, pictured above, is a founding partner of Katz, Marshall & Banks, LLP, where he specializes in the representation of whistleblowers before the SEC, CFTC and IRS, in qui tam actions under the False Claims Act, and in claims of retaliation for blowing the whistle on unlawful conduct. He is also the author of the SEC Whistleblower Practice Guide. He can be reached here.

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LaVida Massage FDD Summary

Type of Business
The Franchise offered is for the operation of a therapeutic massage center under the name “LaVida Massage™” offering therapeutic massage services to the general public in a clean and relaxing environment.

Corporate Information
The Franchisor is LaVida Massage Franchise Development, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Michigan. LMFD was incorporated on April 30, 2007. Their principal business address is 3050 Union Lake Rd, Commerce Township, MI 48382.

The total investment necessary to begin operation of a single LaVida Massage Center franchise ranges from $160,250 to $290,000. This includes $39,000 that must be paid to the franchisor or affiliate for a single unit or $83,000 for a three unit option.

View the LaVida Massage FDD

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Regulatory Steps to Take When Transitioning to Next Generation 9-1-1

Regulatory Steps to Take When Transitioning to Next Generation 9-1-1

As the public safety sector begins to transition to next-generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) systems, the tendency has been to focus on the technology. Building a broadband IP network, integrating servers and new databases, and selecting and installing applications all are essential steps on the NG9-1-1 roadmap—but they should not be the first steps.

An Essential Step in the NG9-1-1 Evolution: A Regulatory Review

Before choosing vendors and delving into technology, stakeholders in a NG9-1-1 system must undertake a regulatory review to ensure that nothing will limit or hinder them from proceeding. They should have a formal NG9-1-1 plan, and they must ensure that the legal environment will support the establishment of a governance structure that will enable the transition from their current 9-1-1 systems to a NG9-1-1 environment. Here’s why: NG9-1-1, by definition, involves shared networks, shared databases and shared applications. In such an environment, PSAPs and local 9-1-1 systems are not separate and unconnected to neighboring systems. Because of the interconnected and shared nature of NG9-1-1, implementation is more complex and requires collaboration among all the stakeholders in a way that was not necessary in the past. Policy and governance issues cannot be addressed by individual PSAPs or individual 9-1-1 authorities. Clearly, the next generation of 9-1-1 requires establishing a collaborative governance framework that will enable such a shared, interconnected and interoperable system of systems to come into existence.

The NG9-1-1 team must fully understand the anticipated features and functions of NG9-1-1 and must clearly identify how existing legislation and regulation may limit or impede the implementation of NG9-1-1.

Who, What and How: The Governance Issue

Typically, some type of governance board is created—or an existing regional or state board assumes the duties—to formulate the agreements and rules among the agencies that will share the NG9-1-1 system. The governance structure examines such questions as:

  • Who will participate in the system?
  • How will the system guarantee that 9-1-1 calls and data receive priority?
  • How will various jurisdictions and their individual interests be represented in the governing of the NG9‑1‑1 system?
  • How will interoperability be established, with which agencies, and for what types of activities?
  • What will be the policies for operation of the system, and who will be responsible for implementing and maintaining them?

These issues may seem to be straightforward, but they are tightly intertwined with the laws and regulations that currently exist in counties and states that are considering NG9‑1‑1. Before a transition to the new system can move forward, communities and agencies must address some basic, and often troublesome, issues:

  • Do state statutes allow NG9-1-1 to be implemented? A close reading of existing legislation may show that a state’s law actually prohibits NG9-1-1 operations. For instance, state or regional laws may not permit the building of an emergency services IP network (ESInet)— the core of NG9-1-1 network operations—in the way it is defined nationally. According to NENA, ESInets are IP-based, multi-purpose interconnected networks that support local, regional, state and national public safety communications in addition to 9‑1‑1. Whereas NG9-1-1 uses a shared, multipurpose network, state laws may require that 9-1-1 networks be single-purpose, closed systems used only for the transmission of 9-1-1 calls and associated data. Under such circumstances, an ESInet would be illegal, and new enabling legislation would need to be passed to allow for an IP backbone that is shared among multiple agencies.
  • Do telephone company tariffs or laws relating to 9‑1‑1 forbid 9‑1‑1 and public safety radio traffic to share the same network that is used to transmit voice and data for public health, poison control and related agencies? The FCC and public utility commissions generally set down the rules for aspects of 9‑1‑1 operations relating to regulated telecommunications companies, and these tariff or regulatory issues may prevent next generation networks from developing. Furthermore, 9-1-1 customer premises equipment is sometimes provided by vendors through the telephone company that serves as the 9‑1‑1 system service provider. The 9‑1‑1 system service provider may not permit that equipment to be connected to a network that belongs to an entity other than itself. Communities must uncover, identify and overcome these kinds of barriers before starting down the path to NG9‑1‑1 from either a technology or operational standpoint.
  • How will NG9-1-1 be funded? Today’s 9-1-1 operations are supported primarily by a surcharge or tax on residential and business phone service. This type of fee usually applies only to the 9‑1‑1 system components—the network, database and terminal equipment – and not to radio dispatch and other elements of an integrated NG9-1-1 network. A fully utilized NG9‑1‑1 system comprises a number of stakeholders who share the IP backbone, so a way must be found to determine how each partner pays its fair share of the costs. Reaching and signing agreements and setting up the appropriate governance structure to reflect the interests of all parties can be complicated and may delay implementation while jurisdictional issues are worked out.
  • What scope of authority exists for those who operate 9-1-1 systems—and how might that scope need to change in a NG9‑1‑1 environment? Most current 9‑1‑1 systems are administered at the local level, but NG9‑1‑1 cannot be managed on a county-by-county basis. By its nature, NG9‑1‑1 incorporates many jurisdictions, and managing the interconnections between regional NG9‑1‑1 systems requires appropriate oversight by an entity that has authority to do so statewide.
  • Does the state have a state-level 9-1-1 authority, and, if so, what is the scope of the state entity’s legal responsibilities? If the state has no state-level authority to coordinate or implement NG9-1-1 or no power to set and enforce standards, then the NG9-1-1 system will encounter a massive barrier to achieving compatible, interoperable emergency communications.

Confidentiality in an NG9-1-1 System

Of particular interest and sensitivity in the new era of 9-1-1 communications is the issue of confidentiality.    The NG9‑1‑1 IP backbone may be the conduit for calls, messages, documents, photos, video and a multitude of other types of data from many sources. Those who participate in the network will need to comply with any policies, statutes, regulations or rules that define the information that can and cannot be shared among safety agencies, made public or used for purposes other than an actual response to an emergency. The governance and policies of the NG9‑1‑1 system must incorporate provisions relating to disclosure, data retention and confidentiality. The regulatory review must include a state’s existing open records laws and rules, as well as confidentiality provisions in 9‑1‑1 laws, regulations and tariffs. Many states’ public records provisions exempt 9‑1‑1 call information (voice and data) from disclosure; but in an NG9‑1‑1, what constitutes a 9‑1‑1 call or 9‑1‑1 data is not defined in the same way. The US Department of Transportation’s NG9-1-1 System Initiative project defined the term 9‑1‑1 call as “any real-time communication— voice, text, or video—between a person needing assistance and a PSAP call taker.” 1 Consistent with the changing perspective on the nature of 9‑1‑1 communications, the Next Generation 9‑1‑1 Preservation Act of 2010 defines the term “emergency call” as “any real-time communication to a public safety answering point or other emergency management or response agency, including through voice, text, or video and related data and including nonhuman-initiated automatic event alerts, such as alarms, telematics, or sensor data, which may also include real-time voice, text, or video communications.”

In addition to new types of 9‑1‑1 call information, the disposition of that information is likely to be different in an NG9‑1‑1 environment. Today, 9‑1‑1 call recordings and data are typically stored and archived at the PSAP that received and dispatched the call. The NG9‑1‑1 system architecture involves shared databases and provides for voice and data elements associated with a call to be shared, transferred, and perhaps archived in numerous remote locations. Maintaining confidentiality under those circumstances is not something envisioned by current local, state, and federal confidentiality, retention and disclosure laws.2

Liability issues must be considered as well. New providers of NG9‑1‑1 service and new originating service providers should be granted the same immunity that is offered to traditional telecommunications companies. Anyone who sends information or calls via the NG9‑1‑1 system or operates services within the network must be shielded from liability. If participants in the system believe they will not be protected legally, they will be less likely to participate.

The FE/Kimball View

FE/Kimball believes that a NG9-1-1 plan should include a mechanism for identifying and resolving all these transitional issues, including the establishment of an authority with all the legal rights it requires to build and operate a NG9-1-1 system (or coordinate the implementation and interconnection of multiple regional NG9-1-1 systems).

1U.S. Department of Transportation, Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1 System Initiative:

Concept of Operations), April 2007 version 2.0, page 5

2National Emergency Number Association Next Generation Partner Program, “Transition Policy Implementation Handbook” March 2010, page 18

FE/Kimball believes that to achieve statewide coverage and effect interstate connectivity these initial steps should include policies regarding how the participating agencies will use and operate the system and how procurement of hardware, software and integration services will be rolled out among the jurisdictions. Local, county and state governments will need to determine if they can handle this rollout with their own staffs or if they will need expert advice and assistance. Their basic operational decision must center on whether the publicly funded government agencies will build and run the NG9-1-1 system, i.e., whether they will own the IP backbone and any applications that are delivered over it and rely on their own employees, or hire a professional services company to manage and maintain the network through leased facilities.

FE/Kimball believes that, as participating agencies move through the transition to NG9-1-1, they will confront more questions that must be settled, including:

  • Will the system be run as a statewide network, or will the state only facilitate interconnections among regional systems to achieve statewide coverage, filling the gaps in the network with state-level service?
  • Is a governing entity or state-level oversight authority in place to manage the NG9-1-1 system, or must a separate governance structure be created? An existing state board, for instance, may have the authority to collect telecommunications taxes and provide funding for 9-1-1 services but no authority whatsoever to manage interconnections among local 9-1-1 systems to ensure statewide coverage. In that instance, a new governance arrangement may be required. Additionally, state law may dictate that a new governance tier be set up with individuals from the state, each region, responders and other stakeholders who share the IP network.
  • Will the rollout schedule be based on a geographical progression or should some other criteria (population, funding, ) guide the schedule?
  • How will public safety agencies obtain guarantees from other stakeholders that 9-1-1 emergency traffic always receives top priority within the IP network if that network is shared with non-emergency voice and data communications, other government services or even commercial interests?

FE/Kimball believes that the best way to resolve all these considerations is to begin the NG9-1-1 planning process by assembling a collaborative organization of stakeholders to sort through all these issues. Early on, this planning group, which may or may not be part of the governance structure, should deliberate and make decisions about operational policies and procedures and the transitional steps required to move forward with NG9-1-1 implementation. When these stakeholders convene, their responsibility is to offer recommendations for an appropriate governance structure to deal with such questions as who has access to the system and when, who pays for what services and equipment, where funding comes from, and who will ensure that software to be placed on the system by one or more partners will not endanger the network.

“Day one” of a NG9-1-1 project, therefore, is a very long day indeed. Many issues must be resolved right at the beginning of the path to transition, but working to ensure that stakeholders will not encounter unanticipated barriers on the road ahead will make their next steps much more certain and productive.

FE/Kimball is a worldwide leader in public safety communications consulting. With FE/Kimball, jurisdictions can rely upon one firm for virtually all of their consulting needs in E9-1-1, NG9-1-1, PSAPs, Emergency Call Centers, and Emergency Operations Centers as well as land mobile radio voice, wireless data, broadband, backhaul, and emerging LTE mobile communications systems.

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New York Dining Is Moving Indoors. How Nervous Should You Be?

My conversation with Douglas Mass was reassuring, too. Mr. Mass, a mechanical engineer and the president of the engineering firm Cosentini Associates, A Tetra Tech Company, has designed airflow systems that were regarded in the field as technical marvels. Yet as an advising member of a restaurant-safety panel convened by the Food & Society Program of the Aspen Institute, he has been advocating some extremely low-tech solutions to lower the risk of indoor dining.

Placing movable partitions between tables, which New York State requires when tables cannot be spaced six feet apart, can help block some of the airborne particles sent flying by a sneezer or loud talker, Mr. Mass said. Opening a window or door will let in fresh air. Yes, in an ideal world a restaurant’s ventilation system would already do that, but the hospitality business is not an ideal world.

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Mr. Mass, who lives in Manhattan, said a restaurant that follows best practices for safety and has good ventilation and widely spaced tables — separated, perhaps, by partitions — is one where he would consider eating in the coming weeks.

“I’m going to be the first one running out to restaurants when they open,” he said. “I’m comfortable. A lot of the restaurants are taking this very seriously.”

Just as Mr. Mass helped me think about indoor air, the architect David Rockwell changed my thinking about indoor space and how it’s used. All summer, the first encounter between diner and server — the one where you ask if they have a table and they say, just a minute, I’ll check — usually took place outside, on the sidewalk. What if it stays there in the fall and winter?

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Learn the basics of weaving wall art with the Wall Art Weaving Kit. This kit is for anyone who already has a loom and wants to expand their weaving knowledge, from beginner to experienced weavers. Follow along with my instruction booklet and learn how to create texture within your weavings.

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