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Memo: Affinity Spaces

Gee introduced the concept of affinity spaces in his book Situated Language and Learning: A Critique of Traditional Schooling (2004). Affinity spaces are a subset of what Gee calls a semiotic social space, a type of space for interaction with an infrastructure incorporating content, generators, content organization, interactional organization, and portals. Content is what the space is “about,” and is provided by content generators. Gee uses the example of a video game (the generator), which generates a variety of content (words, images, etc.). The space is then organized in two different ways: content is organized by the designers, whereas interaction is organized by the people interacting with the space, in how they “organize their thoughts, beliefs, values, actions, and social actions” (Gee, 2004, p. 81) in relationship to the content. This interaction creates a set of social practices and typical identities present in the space. The content necessarily influences the interaction, but interaction can also influence content. For example, with a video game, player reactions to the game may influence future updates to the game. Finally, Gee defines portals as “anything that gives access to the content and to ways of interacting with that content, by oneself or with other people” (Gee, 2004, p. 81). In Gee’s video game example, this could be the game itself, but it could also be fan websites related to the game. Portals can become generators, “if they allow people to add to content or change the content other generators have generated” (Gee, 2004, p. 82). A video game website might include additional maps that players can download and use to play the game or offer recordings of gameplay to serve as tutorials or entertainment. A generator can also be a portal; for the video game example, the game disc or files both offer the content and can be used to interact with the content.

Gee builds on this description of a semiotic social space to describe “affinity spaces,” a particular type of semiotic social space that young people today experience often. The “affinity” to which Gee refers is not primarily for the other people in the space, but for “the endeavor or interest around which the space is organized” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 84). He defines an affinity space as a space that has a number of features:

  1. “Common endeavor, not race, class, gender, or disability, is primary” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 85). People in the affinity space relate to each other based on common interests, while attributes such as race, class, gender, and disability may be used strategically if people choose.
  2. “Newbies and masters and everyone else share common space” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 85). People with varying skill levels and depth of interest share a single space, getting different things out of the space in accordance with their own purposes.
  3. “Some portals are strong generators” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 85). People can create new content related to the original content and share it in the space.
  4. “Content organization is transformed by interactional organization”(J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 85). Or “Internal grammar is transformed by external grammar” (Gee, 2005, p. 226) Creators of the original content modify it based on the interactions of the people in the space.
  5. “Both intensive and extensive knowledge are encouraged” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 85). Specialized knowledge in a particular area is encouraged (intensive knowledge), but the space also encourages people to develop a broad range of less specialized knowledge (extensive knowledge).
  6. “Both individual and distributed knowledge are encouraged” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 86). People are encouraged to store knowledge in their own heads, but also to use knowledge stored elsewhere, including in other people, materials, or devices, using a network of people and information to access knowledge.
  7. “Dispersed knowledge is encouraged” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 86). One portal in the space encourages people to leverage knowledge gained from other portals or other spaces.
  8. “Tacit knowledge is encouraged and honored” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 86). People can use knowledge that they have built up “but may not be able to explicate fully in words” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 86) in the space. Others can learn from this tacit knowledge by observing its use in the space.
  9. “There are many different forms and routes to participation” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 87). People can participate in different ways and at different levels.
  10. “There are lots of different routes to status” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 87). People can gain status by being good at different things or participating in different activities.
  11. “Leadership is porous and leaders are resources” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 87). No one is the boss of anyone else; people can lead by being designers, providing resources, or teaching others how to operate in the space. “They don’t and can’t order people around or create rigid, unchanging, and impregnable hierarchies” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 87).

A space does not need to have all of these features to be considered an affinity space; rather, these features can be considered as a measure of the degree to which a space is an affinity space or how effective an affinity space it is. Affinity spaces can be nested within one another (J. P. Gee, 2017); for example, a website devoted to The Sims video game fanfiction would be an affinity space itself, while also being part of the broader The Sims affinity space, the gaming affinity space, and the fanfiction affinity space. At first glance, an affinity space may seem very similar to a community of practice as described by Lave and Wenger (1991); Gee argues, however, that defining a community implies labeling a group of people, including determining “which people are in and which are out of the group, how far they are in or out, and when they are in and out” (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 78). Talking about spaces instead of communities removes this concern of membership; people who are present in a space may or may not be part of a community. Further, Lave and Wenger’s original conception of communities of practice described movement from peripheral participation for what Gee would call “newbies” to central participation as “masters,” while in affinity spaces, newbies do not need to be apprenticed to masters to become deeply involved in the space’s activity.

Gee (2004, 2005) offered the concept of affinity spaces as part of a critique of how schooling works; he argues that “people learn best when their learning is part of a highly motivated engagement with social practices which they value” (Gee, 2004, p. 77) and suggests that affinity spaces facilitate this kind of engagement. Gee argues that as young people encounter more and more affinity spaces, they see a “vision of learning, affiliation, and identity” that is more powerful than what they see in school (J. P. Gee, 2004, p. 89). He suggests that educators can learn from the design and construction of affinity spaces.

After Gee introduced the concept of affinity spaces, scholars investigated specific affinity spaces and what lessons they might have for educators working in the areas of literacy (Rebecca W. Black, 2007, 2008; R. W. Black, 2007; Lam, 2009), science (Steinkuehler & Duncan, 2008), and mathematics (Steinkuehler & Williams, 2009). These studies supported Gee’s original conception of affinity spaces, finding many features of affinity spaces in their research settings, which included fanfiction websites (Rebecca W. Black, 2007, 2008; R. W. Black, 2007), anime/manga discussion forums (Lam, 2009), and massively multiplayer online games and their related discussion forums (Steinkuehler & Duncan, 2008; Steinkuehler & Williams, 2009).

Refining the Concept of Affinity Space

As the technology available for online participation shifted from predominantly individual websites or forums to predominantly social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Youtube, online affinity spaces shifted as well. In the introduction to the book Learning in Video Game Affinity Spaces, Hayes and Duncan (2012) point out that, like online culture more broadly, online affinity spaces present a “quickly moving target” (p. 10) for study. They call for a refined and expanded conception of affinity spaces in light of this fact. While Gee’s (2005; 2004) original conception of affinity spaces consisted of eleven features that may or may not be present in any given affinity space, in his afterword to Hayes and Duncan’s (2012) book, he identifies five key features of what he now calls “passionate affinity spaces”:

  1. People in a passionate affinity space interact around shared goals because of a shared passion, not because of shared backgrounds, age, status, gender, ability, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, or values unless these are integral to the passion.
  2. Not everyone interacting in the space need have a passion for the shared interest (they could simply have an interest), but they must acknowledge and respect the passion and the people who have it and who form the main “attractor” for the space.
  3. People earn status and influence in the space because of accomplishments germane to the passion, not because of wealth or status in the world outside the space.
  4. The space offers everyone the opportunity, should they want it, to produce, not just consume, and to learn to mentor and lead, not just to be mentored and follow.
  5. People in the space agree to rules of conduct - and often enforce them together - that facilitate the other features above. (J. P. Gee, 2012, p. 238)

Gee and Hayes (2010, 2012, 2011) distinguish between “nurturing” and “elitist” affinity spaces. Building on Gee’s earlier work and drawing on studies of fan sites associated with the computer game The Sims, Gee and Hayes “identify features of what [they] call nurturing affinity spaces that are particularly supportive of learning” (p. 129). They describe the following fifteen features of affinity spaces and the ways they are enacted in nurturing affinity spaces:

  1. “A common endeavor for which at least many people in the space have a passion - not race, class, gender, or disability - is primary.” (p. 134) Gee and Hayes assert that the passion in an affinity space is for the endeavor or interest rather than the people; in nurturing affinity spaces, participants in the space understand that “spreading this passion, and thus ensuring the survival and flourishing of the passion and the affinity space, requires accommodating new members and encouraging committed members” (p. 135). Affinity spaces that are not nurturing may treat newcomers poorly or restrict access to participation according to experience.
  2. “Affinity spaces are not segregated by age.” (p. 135) In a nurturing affinity space, older participants in the affinity space set norms of “cordial, respectful, and professional behavior that the young readily follow” (p. 135) while in other affinity spaces, knowledge accrued with age may not be readily shared.
  3. “Newbies, masters, and everyone else share a common space” (p. 136). Nurturing affinity spaces make it easy for newcomers to participate, avoiding hazing or testing new participants.
  4. “Everyone can, if they wish, produce and not just consume.” (p. 137) Nurturing affinity spaces set high standards for production, enforcing them through “respectful and encouraging mentoring.”
  5. “Content is transformed by interaction.” (p. 137)
  6. “The development of both specialist and broad, general knowledge is encouraged, and specialist knowledge is pooled.” (p. 138) Within a nurturing affinity space, specialists understand that their knowledge is partial, and everyone pools their knowledge by sharing it in the space.
  7. “Both individual knowledge and distributed knowledge are encouraged” (p. 139). “Nurturing affinity spaces tend to foster a view of expertise as rooted more in the space itself or the community that exists in the space and not in individuals’ heads” (p. 139)
  8. “The use of dispersed knowledge is facilitated” (p. 140).
  9. “Tacit knowledge is used and honored; explicit knowledge is encouraged” (p. 141).
  10. “There are many different forms and routes to participation” (p. 142).
  11. “There are many different routes to status.” (p. 142)
  12. “Leadership is porous, and leaders are resources.” (p. 143)
  13. “Roles are reciprocal.” (p. 143)
  14. “A view of learning that is individually proactive but does not exclude help is encouraged.” (p. 143)
  15. “People get encouragement from an audience and feedback from peers, although everyone plays both roles at different times.” (p. 144)

Referring to the work of Gee and Hayes, Hayes and Duncan point out that “…while elitist spaces are sites of very high knowledge production, they tend to value a narrow range of skills and backgrounds, have clear hierarchies of status and power, and disparage newcomers who do not conform to fairly rigid norms for behavior” (2012, p. 11). Gee and Hayes (2010, 2011, 2012) suggest that nurturing spaces are more conducive to learning than elitist spaces.

Over time, Gee (2017) has refined the vocabulary that refers to affinity spaces. The attractor is “the thing for which people who move around in the big space have a shared interest or passion. It also beckons to anyone who enters any part of the space and seeks to entice him or her to stay in the space.” (p. 113) People who enter the affinity space because of an interest in or passion are affines. “Clumps of people who [overlap] in a good deal in various subspaces (locations)” of a larger affinity space and thus bump “into one another rather regularly” are fellow travelers (p. 113). Home bases “are key places where fellow travelers come together a good deal to engage in the activities that keep their shared affinity alive. They are places where the people with the most passion for the shared affinity are the key organizers, motivators, teachers, and standard-setters for the affinity space as a whole” (p. 114). A group of closely connected home bases form a home-base cluster.

Expanding the Concept of Affinity Space

Lammers, Curwood, and Magnifico (Curwood, Magnifico, & Lammers, 2013; Lammers, Curwood, & Magnifico, 2012; Magnifico, Lammers, & Curwood, 2013) draw on their research on adolescent literacy in the affinity spaces related to The Sims, The Hunger Games, and Neopets to “explicate nine features of an expanded notion of affinity spaces” (p. 45). Lammers and colleagues point out that the “introduction of numerous online technologies and social networking sites has created affinity spaces that are constantly evolving, dynamic, and networked in new ways” (p. 47). In the time of Gee’s original affinity space conception, a researcher might consider an affinity space “defined by one central portal (for instance, a discussion board),” but Lammers and colleagues point out that “contemporary affinity spaces often involve social media such as Facebook and Twitter, creative sites like DeviantArt and, and blogging platforms such as Tumblr and Wordpress” (p. 47). One participant may operate in an affinity space that networks all of these different technologies; accordingly, knowledge within an affinity space “is effectively distributed across learners, objects, tools, symbols, technologies and the environment” (p. 48).

Working toward developing a new research method they call “affinity space ethnography,” Lammer, Curwood, and Magnifico offer the following features of contemporary affinity spaces for consideration:

  1. “A common endeavor is primary.” (p. 48)
  2. “Participation is self-directed, multifaceted and dynamic.” (p. 48) Participants in an affinity space do not only participate in existing portals, but may build their own portals to generate content.
  3. “In online affinity space portals, participation is often multimodal” (p. 48). Contrasting Gee’s research on early text-based discussion boards as portals, Lammers and colleagues point out that participants in contemporary affinity spaces may produce not just text, images, websites, or maps as in the affinity spaces Gee originally described but also videos, maps, podcasts, and machinima.
  4. “Affinity spaces provide a passionate, public audience for content.” (p. 49)
  5. “Socialising plays an important role in affinity space participation.” (p. 49)
  6. “Leadership roles vary within and among portals.” (p. 49)
  7. “Knowledge is distributed across the entire affinity space.” (p. 49)
  8. “Many portals place a high value on cataloguing and documenting content and practices” (p. 49).
  9. “Affinity spaces encompass a variety of media-specific and social networking portals” (p. 50).

Bommarito also aims to expand the notion of affinity spaces; specifically, he states that “the present view of affinity spaces fails to explain how participants cohere when the group’s focus on a common endeavor is called into question, becomes unclear or disappears altogether” (p. 408). Based on a wide variety of affinity spaces research published by other scholars, Bommarito proposes a situated model of affinity spaces. Bommarito identifies certain assumptions in early definitions of affinity spaces that he argues limit “the ability of researchers to investigate the evolving nature of affinity spaces” (p. 410). These assumptions include:

  1. “That the important activity in an affinity space is only that which contributes directly to the group’s shared interest or common endeavor” (p. 410)
  2. “That the development of strong bonds among participants in an affinity space is necessarily subordinate to taking part in the group’s shared interest or common endeavor” (p. 410)
  3. “That affinity spaces are largely stable entities, confined to single sites or discussion boards” (p. 411)

Bommarito proposes a situated model of affinity spaces (p. 411), in which affinity spaces shift between a “passionate” state, clearly focused on a shared interest, and a “deliberative” state, when the shared interest becomes unclear and participants have to resolve challenges unrelated to their shared interest. In the “passionate” state, the primary mode of interaction is what Bommarito calls “negotiation,” in which participants exchange ideas directly related to the shared interest or the organization of the space in a way that does not supersed the established shared interest; in the “deliberative state,” it is “deliberation,” in which participants debate “the nature of the shared interest itself” (p. 412) and what the space will become, potentially even changing or expanding the scope of the interest or shifting so that relationships become primary and the interest secondary. Participants in affinity spaces must deal with two different types of challenges, which Bommarito identifies as “adaptive” or “technical” drawing on Heifetz (1994). “According to Heifetz (1994, p. 72), technical problems are those for which ‘the necessary knowledge about them already has been digested and put in the form of a legitimized set of known organizational procedures guiding what to do and role authorizations guiding who should do it’.” (p. 413) This is the kind of problem participants tend to face when an affinity space is in a passionate state, when “participation means, primarily, gaining technical knowledge and skills related to the shared interest” (p. 413) and the problems to be solved are clearly related to the space’s shared endeavor. “Adaptive challenges, on the other hand, are situations in which ‘no adequate response has yet been developed’, ‘no clear expertise can be found’ and ‘no single sage has general credibility’ (Heifetz, 1994, p. 72)” and are the kinds of challenges participants face when the space is in a deliberative state, in which participants are “, identifying problems unrelated to some common endeavor while also pursuing and evaluating possible solutions as a collective.” (p. 413). Bommarito asserts, “For the affinity space that has lost a clear grasp of its common endeavor, members must adapt if they are to avoid dissolution.” (p. 413)

Bommarito also contrasts affinity spaces as to whether their participants can be considered a “seriality” or a “group”, drawing on Young (1997). “Young (1997, p. 23), explicitly drawing on Jean-Pau l Sartre (1976), argues that a series is a collective of individuals organized around some material object and the social practices related to that object.” (p. 413) When the affinity space is in a passionate state, its participants can be considered a seriality. “According to Young, however, serial collectivity is distinguished from groups in that groups are organized around individuals’ relationships to one another rather than to some external object or interest.” When the affinity space is in a deliberative state, its participants can be considered a group: their relationships become the heart of the space, rather than the shared endeavor.

From Spaces to Networks

The Leveling Up Study of the Connected Learning Research Network “was designed to investigate the role that online affinity networks play, and could potentially play, in connected learning” (Ito et al., 2019, p. 4). While Gee first used the term “affinity” to indicate the affinity participants in a space had for their shared endeavor, Ito, Martin, Pfister, Rafalow, Salen, and Wortman (2019) use it to indicate not only the interest in the endeavor itself but also “in order to highlight [the interest’s] relational and culturally situated nature” (p. 18), reflecting Bommarito’s (2014) emphasis on the social relationships developed within an affinity space. They use the term “network” rather than “space” to capture a wide spectrum of participation from casual to serious.

“Online affinity networks… are collectives that have shared interests, practices, and marked roles in the community that define levels of responsibility and expertise…” but also allow for more casual participation: “lurkers, observers, and transient participants” (p. 39). These networks are “united by a shared content world, infrastructure, and affinity,” but “successful online affinity networks are spaces of constant renewal” (p. 23) and “are sustained through interpersonal relationships, shared activities, and a sense of cultural affinity” (p. 40).

Online affinity networks have three key characteristics:

  1. They are specialized, focusing on a specific affinity or interest.
  2. Involvement in them is intentional; participants choose to affiliate with the network and can move easily in and out of engagement with the network.
  3. “Content sharing and communication take place on openly networked online platforms” (p. 42) New participants can find the networks on the open internet and do not have to enter into a financial transaction or have any specific institutional membership in order to participate.

This shift from affinity spaces to affinity networks reflects both Bommarito’s (2014) suggestion that the relational nature of affinity spaces is a key part of their participants’ experience and the sustainability of the space, and also incorporates the concept of multiple and varied portals that Lammers, Curwood, and Magnifico (2012) suggest must be kept in mind when studying an affinity space.

Black, R. W. (2007). Digital Design: English Language Learners and Reader Reviews in Online Fiction. In D. Barton & M. Hamilton (Eds.), New Literacies Sampler (pp. 115–136). New York: Peter Lang. Black, R. W. (2007). Fanfiction Writing and the Construction of Space. E-Learning and Digital Media, 4(4), 384–397. Black, R. W. (2008). Adolescents and Online Fan Fiction. Peter Lang. Curwood, J. S., Magnifico, A. M., & Lammers, J. C. (2013). Writing in the wild: Writers’ motivation in fan-based affinity spaces. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy: A Journal from the International Reading Association, 56(8), 677–685. Gee, J. (2005). Semiotic social spaces and affinity spaces: From the age of mythology to today’s schools. In D. Barton & K. Tusting (Eds.), Beyond communities of practice: Language, power, and social contex (pp. 214–232). Gee, J. P. (2004). Situated Language and Learning : A Critique of Traditional Schooling. London, UNITED KINGDOM: Routledge. Gee, J. P. (2012). Afterword. In E. R. Hayes & S. C. Duncan (Eds.), Learning in Video Game Affinity Spaces (pp. 235–241). New York: Peter Lang. Gee, J. P. (2017). Teaching, Learning, Literacy in Our High-Risk High-Tech World: A Framework for Becoming Human. New York: Teachers College Press. Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. (2010). Women and gaming: The Sims and 21st century learning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. (2012). Nurturing Affinity Spaces and Game-Based Learning. In C. Steinkuehler, K. Squire, & S. Barab (Eds.), Games, Learning, and Society : Learning and Meaning in the Digital Age (pp. 129–153). New York: Cambridge University Press. Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. New York: Routledge. Hayes, E. R., & Duncan, S. C. (Eds.). (2012). Learning in Video Game Affinity Spaces. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang. Ito, M., Martin, C., Pfister, R. C., Rafalow, M. H., Salen, K., & Wortman, A. (2019). Affinity Online: How Connection and Shared Interest Fuel Learning. New York: NYU Press. Lammers, J. C., Curwood, J. S., & Magnifico, A. M. (2012). Toward an Affinity Space Methodology: Considerations for Literacy Research. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 11(2), 44–58. Lam, W. S. E. (2009). Literacy and Learning across Transnational Online Spaces. E-Learning and Digital Media, 6(4), 303–324. Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press. Magnifico, A. M., Lammers, J. C., & Curwood, J. S. (2013). Collaborative learning across space and time: ethnographic research in online affinity spaces. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Madison, WI: International Society of the Learning Sciences, 81–84. Steinkuehler, C., & Duncan, S. (2008). Scientific Habits of Mind in Virtual Worlds. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17(6), 530–543. Steinkuehler, C., & Williams, C. (2009). Math as narrative in WoW forum discussions. International Journal of Learning and Media, 1(3).

Kimberly Hirsh @kimberlyhirsh


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The Pound

The old village Pound was moved to Common Lane from behind cottages in the High Street in 1835. A replacement was erected in 1959 and a complete rebuild in English oak was undertaken by the Parish Council in 2018, incorporating the ironwork reclaimed from the previous structure. It was first mentioned in the village records in 1305. Pound Cottage (opposite), was the pound keeper’s cottage and is Grade II listed and dates circa 1600. At one time it was a ‘charity cottage’ for the poor of the parish.
The word ‘pound’ comes from the old English word ‘pund’, meaning pen or enclosure. In medieval times, most villages had a pound.
The most common purpose was to impound stray animals until they were claimed by their owners. The owner would have to pay a fine which was claimed by the person on whose land they had strayed for any damage done and a fee to the pound keeper for feeding and watering the animals.
The man in charge of impounding stray animals was paid by the Lord of the Manor and was known as a ‘pinder’ or ‘pounder’. Fines and disputes were documented in manorial court records.
In medieval times fields were open, so it would be easy for animals to stray on to neighbouring land. They were used up until farmland was enclosed in the 17th to 19th centuries.
If the animals were not claimed within a few weeks, they were taken to market and sold, the proceeds going to the impounder and the pound-keeper.
In some cases, the person onto whose land animals had strayed, cut a stick and made notches, one for every ‘beast’, and then split the stick down the centre of the notches so that half of each notch appeared on each stick; one half being kept, the other given to the pound-keeper. When the owner came to redeem his beasts, and had paid for the damage done, the impounder gave him his half stick. He took this to the pound keeper and if the two pieces tallied, it proved he had paid and the ‘beast’ was freed. Hence the word ‘tally-stick’ and the pounder being referred to as the ‘tallyman’.

“The Old Pound, and the Village Well”

“These may still be seen from the lane leading to the Common, outside the Vicarage Spinney. The Pound has long been disused, and is falling to pieces, but the remaining woodwork and iron hinges of the gate show that it was very substantially built. There was at one time a small lock-up for ‘drunks’, but happily it is no longer required! The old Village Well at the entrance to the Common was regularly used until recently, but is now closed. Up to 1897, King’s Langley was entirely dependent upon local wells for the supply of water. It was only in 1917 that the Vicarage Well, 80ft deep and situate in the scullery, was finally closed.

By John Parker Haythornthwaite, MA
Vicar of King’s Langley, Herts

Published 1924

The Lectern:

The Pound artwork

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Fish  Chips

It's our dish

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Postby ARK » Sun Jan 12, 2020 5:03 pm

Here is my first YouTube video of the podcast. I hope to do 1 every month as a different feel to the normal podcasts. So I hope you enjoy the video of last weeks podcast.

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25 Jan 2019/ Aliza Pathak

No doubt, every sector demands innovation. Innovation does not necessarily have to be something big. A small seed of change can be a remarkable transformation to kindle the fire of development .For instance, a simple POS can be used to replace the traditional cash-use system.  Likewise, a Restaurant Management System helps restaurant businesses to improve operational efficiency.  Here are some reasons why people hesitate to use automated systems-

Legacy – Holding on to outdated systems

Though human tendency looks for a change, the context of Nepal speaks something different. We are afraid to take initiative and embrace change. Excluding banks and large corporations, small and medium sized business still hesitate to integrate new systems. The rooted manual system has tightened its grip strongly.

A challenging economy

Integrating a software demands for the hardware and software cost. So, the investment in additional resources can give rise to second thoughts.

Lack of technical awareness

Awareness is key. The system cannot be changed until and unless a need hits the user. Mushrooming industries enter the market. But, lack of technical awareness makes it difficult to bring about change. Likewise, people in the management level are mostly from non-technical backgrounds which creates a turbulence in making a change.

Lacking farsightedness- Looking for instant results

We lack the patience to wait. Automated systems slowly track progress and give results only after a certain period of time. So, demanding instant results or sales is one of the reason why people hesitate software integration in the first place.

Myths about legal issues

There is lack of legal education in Nepal. If the system has to do with money transaction, people fear government interference, which is nothing more than a myth. An open honest system that abides with the rules does no harm to your business.


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//New bill to protect consumers in the financial sector being worked on in Seychelles

New bill to protect consumers in the financial sector being worked on in Seychelles

Work has started in Seychelles on a new consumer protection bill for the financial sector. The process, now in the public consultative stage, is being undertaken by the Central Bank of Seychelles (CBS) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA).

According to CBS, the consumer protection framework is aimed at promoting international principles such as equitable and fair treatment of consumers, increased transparency, responsible pricing, protection of data and privacy, as well as complaint handling and resolution.

Currently the law allows for both the consumers and the financial service providers to mediate their differences among themselves further to seeking direct mediatory assistance from the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority as the financial regulators.

“The benefit of the consultations is that in view that the financial services affect the public in regards to access to those services as individuals and businesses, it will help them to engage with us to highlight their concerns such that we are clear that the proposed legislation has covered the maximum realities that they are facing,” explained Begitta Vital.

Vital, the senior market conduct analyst of the Financial Inclusion and Market Conduct division at CBS was speaking at the public consultative in Victoria, last weekend.

The bill being proposed will give both regulators more power than before to directly mediate disputes between clients and financial service providers. Non-compliance with the law by the financial service providers will result in the suspension of licenses in part or in full, partial or total suspension of products and services or to refund the consumer affected.

The chief executive of the Financial Services Authority added that the piece of legislation will cover banks, bureau de change, mobile money, gambling institutions, and insurance companies. Steve Fanny explained that the input of the general public at these consultations is crucial.

“The law will affect a lot of people and it would have been appreciated to get their input on it before it is passed. We expected a bigger turnout on Mahe because most providers are here on the island and we wanted to get their views on the matter,” said Fanny.

The need to introduce a consumer protection framework in Seychelles – 115 islands in the western Indian Ocean – was among the priorities identified in the Financial Sector Development Implementation Plan adopted by the government in 2014.

The two institutions have worked in collaboration with relevant stakeholders within the financial sector, particularly institutions falling under their regulatory purview, to develop the necessary policy proposals, which were approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in November 2017.


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    p_manage_18: protecting ALEPH tags when loading processed bibs from vendor

    • Article Type: General
    • Product: Aleph
    • Product Version: 18.01

    We thought we were successful in loading our first batch of bibs precessed by our authorities vendor, Backstage Library Works. We loaded 118,000+ records into Prod. However, we have created a major glitch for ourselves.

    Our process is to add a 928 local MARC tag to every bib in cataloging that has $$a AUTHORITY. We indexed that field and use it to retrieve records to send out using p_ret_03. We then use p_print_03 to send them to BSLW. We download them in MARC format with a 001 field for the system record number. We load them back in after having employed a fix on the whole file enabling the use of SYSIN fix routine to match on the system number. In p_manage_18 we used "Procedure to run" "Update current records in database", Replace entire record, full indexing, SYSIN fix routine, and no merge routine.

    We lost all the ALEPH tags. Most critical were the OWN codes and the LKR fields. We need to have a way to protect LKR. We would also like to save the CAT field. How do I set up a merge routine to do this? Is this handled in tab_merge_overlay or do we need a separate merge routine? What we need to do is retain the OWN, LKR, CAT, etc. in the database record while taking all the BSLW processing from the incoming record.

    We are also trying to figure out if there is a way to restore what we lost.

    This would be done with the p_manage_38 merge followed by p_manage_18 -- or just p_manage_18. See KB 16384-8081.

    The site did not have an individual backup of the bib records from before they were overwritten by the reload, but in the meantime a switch from 32-bit Oracle to 64-bit Oracle had occurred for all of the Oracle tables, and the old, 32-bit instance was still available. Rather than restoring a complete backup, we were able to: connect to that 32-bit instance, extract the affected bib records using p_print_03, connect back to the current 64-bit instance, and then run p_manage_18 with Merge to add the STA, LKR, CAT, and OWN fields to the records.

    • Article last edited: 10/8/2013


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Suppliers of High Quality Japanese Koi and Products

Tel: 01777 839 176

Oase LunAqua Power LED Sets

Oase LunAqua Power LED Sets

Based on the huge success of OASE's fantastic range of Pond LED spotlights, these LunAqua Power LEDs are the brand new crowning jewel of the range, offering low energy consumption, brighter lights and long-lasting, beautiful effects on your pond.

LED technology is taking over the pond lighting game, and is constantly under development by leading brands, with OASE arguably in front of the pack. More energy efficient and much longer-lasting than older forms of electric pond lighting such as halogen, these Oase LunAqua Power LEDs feature a brighter light, and a smaller footprint on your electricity bill.

Featuring strong, compact and adjustable LED spotlights, these LunAqua Power LEDs are safe to use in and around your pond, with state-of-the-art waterproofing to keep things running.

Placed either around your pond or under the water, a LunAqua LED unit shines brightly, causing a wonderful glow effect when placed underneath the water line, or causing a pleasant shimmering effect on the water's surface. Perfect for Summer nights by the pond, and adding beautiful dynamics to your garden.

Even better, for a truly professional touch these LEDS can be connected to your garden control system such as an Oase FM Master WLAN, allowing you easy operation, dimming and on/off facilities from a control panel, or even an app on your smart phone!

Oase LunAqua Power LED (Single light)
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£ 239.99
Oase LunAqua Power LED Set 3
£ 439.99
Oase LunAqua Power LED cable 10 m
£ 39.99
We accept these forms of payment


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Make games without Code? Visual Scripting! (Unity, Bolt)

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Can you make a game without code? Let's check out Unity Visual Scripting using Bolt!
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I've been developing games for several years with 7 published games on Steam and now I'm sharing my knowledge to help you on your own game development journey.

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Scandal Season Finale
scandal11 scandal11
PAGE    1   /   2   /   3   /   4
Let me just first say that once again I experienced an emotional roller coaster once again so thanks, thanks a bunch Shonda! This show just gives me way too much! I actually thought that Cyrus was going to allow the church, and Vice President Langston blow to smithereens in the bombing. Jake saves the day... / READ MORE /
Screen Shot 2014 04 10 at 11.13.30 PM Screen Shot 2014 04 10 at 11.13.30 PM
PAGE    1   /   2   /   3   /   4
Part one of the Season Finale of Scandal was filled with chaos and so many unanswered questions viewers will not receive until next Thursday. Besides all of the madness and confusion of this episode involving the unfound bomb, Olivia Pope and the First Lady were booming with their fashion selection this episode. Let’s take a different... / READ MORE /

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koralleen (koralleen) wrote,

Are the Jonas Brothers cool for college guys to listen to?

Can't sleep. I will tell you about a couple of books.

I just finished reading Why You Should Read Kafka Before You Waste Your Life, by James Hawes. He does a great job of dragging you through Kafka's biography and a history the critical response to his writing. You may have guessed from the title that the author tries to be a little hipper than one might hope for and there is a bit of that. He tries to draw out the "intriguing" aspects of Kafka's psyche and actions but, really, there's no disguising the fact that Kafka's personal life was not terribly thrilling.

When Jennifer was visiting she left Robert Baer's See No Evil for me. I'm about halfway through it and so far it is a very exciting memoir by a pretty bad writer. He's writing in the first person about the CIA before 9-11. His prose is awkward, he tends to ramble, and he seems compelled to end each section with a real killer sentence. There is a police detective show where scene changes are indicated with a doleful trainwhistlish donk-onk; this book makes me think of that. "The bombers had disappeared like diamonds in an inkwell." That appears early on--I read it and stared into space for a minute or two, first trying to extend the analogy and then getting off-track with the whole How is a Raven Like a Writing Desk thing. Finally I shook it off, said donk-onk (in my head), and kept reading.

James Hawes, on the other hand, has got my attention. He's written some novels and I plan to check them out.
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koralleen (koralleen) wrote,

SRP: Satan is Real by Charlie Louvin (and Benjamin Whitmer)

Disproving the rule that you can't choose a book by its cover this book, subtitled The Ballad of the Louvin Brothers, was a rewarding impulse selection based initially on its dime-novel look. Charlie was the fiercely loyal (sorta codependent) half of Charlie and Ira Louvin, a country duo known for their tight harmonizing. The story of how they grew up dirt poor and scrabbled together a career in music is pretty amazing and the structure of the book keeps the stories flowing; I read it in a night because I couldn't not turn the next page, again and again until the end. I misjudged the universal quality of Charlie's stories, however, as I learned when I insisted that Brian take it with him the next day as he was leaving for a trip. He brought it back unfinished and said he couldn't see the appeal. So maybe you'd read this more happily if you already had an appreciation for old-time country music? I don't know, I think some of the stories here are just damned good stories--I think Brian was distracted by the Heat games and didn't give the book a fair shot. I still recommend it.
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2020 Is A Lot, But Japanese Food Dramas Are Helping Me Deal

Wakako Zake.
Screenshot: TV Tokyo / Crunchyroll

I’ve fallen into a pop-cultural rut: Dunno why, but I feel incapable of ingesting new media that isn’t part of my work. There are shows I want to catch up on, comics I want to read, games I want to play, but getting myself to sit down and engage with them feels nearly impossible... with a few exceptions.

Maybe it’s capitalism rotting my brain into thinking I need to be productive all the time, or maybe quarantine has just got me feeling low, but I don’t know how to let go of my stress. When I’m not working, all I really feel able to tune into is either playing Final Fantasy XIV—my first-ever MMO and a welcome (if occasionally all-consuming) escape from reality—or watching a hyper-specific subset of j-dramas whose plot could be summed up as “person contemplates life while eating stuff.” As of late, my favorite show in this category is Netflix’s sleeper hit Midnight Diner.

For those unfamiliar, Midnight Diner is a television series about a small izakaya in Tokyo called Meshiya, open only from midnight ‘til morning. The restaurant is run by a chef known simply as “Master,” and while the posted menu only features one item, his policy is to make customers whatever dish they like as long as he has the ingredients.

Despite the restaurant’s small size and odd hours of operation, Master never lacks for customers coming from all walks of life, be they office workers, yakuza, sex workers, or manga artists. Episodes generally focus on a new patron discovering Master’s unique approach to cooking, with the diner’s regulars serving as a sort of Greek chorus.

The food Master makes isn’t overly complicated, but allowing customers to order anything they want within his limitations serves as a sort of culinary wish fulfillment. Beloved by his patrons, Master himself is a bit of an enigma, acting less as a main character and more as our window into the complex lives of his many customers, his cooking serving as a catalyst for nostalgia or change with each protagonist.

I’d be lying if I said Midnight Diner doesn’t occasionally tend toward the melodramatic. Yes, there are plenty of light episodes and many comedic moments with Master’s charming goofy regulars, but the show just as often leans into soapy melodrama with customers suddenly healing rifts with long-lost family members over ramen, getting into fist fights over a fish-sausage corndog, and carrying on torrid love affairs because Master cooked them a life-changing clam soup or something. The show manages a deft balance between calmness and absurdity. No less than two episodes prominently feature ghosts.

Midnight Diner is but one of many East Asian TV shows focusing primarily on the individual’s relationship with food, and of the several I watch, it is definitely the most plot heavy.

To name a few other good watches, recent series Wakako Zake details the nightly escapades of a ditzy 20-something office worker named Wakako whose greatest joy is to unwind from a busy workday by herself, seeking out restaurants with delicious food and stiff drinks. Another, the long-running Kodoku no Gurume (Solitary Gourmet) follows a salesman who frequently travels for work, using it as an opportunity to discover new eateries and cuisines. (Actor Yutaka Matsuhige stars in Gurume as lovable gluttonous salesman Goro Inogashira, as well as portraying Ryu on Midnight Diner, a brusque but tender-hearted middle-aged yakuza who bears more than a few similarities with a certain DILF of Dojima).

These shows are far more archetypical for the genre, with little if any plot beyond the main character being hungry and stressed out by work. The characters typically internally monologue to themselves about which dishes they’re excited for, what questions they’re anxious to ask the server, and just how overwhelmed they are with hedonism.

Goro and Wakako find joy in seeking out adventure, Master offers comfort to his customers with culinary familiarity. But despite differences, these series and others like them all coalesce into a genre as calming and charming as it is hard to describe. It’s as “slice of life” as slice of life gets. I wouldn’t call it food porn (a term I dislike for being both boring and misleading); while the food often looks good, I find myself compelled by the story regardless of whether I think the current dish looks appetizing. Hell, I ended up bawling my eyes out over a Midnight Diner episode about red octopus weenies.

I’ve tried getting loved ones into these gourmet J-dramas, and time and again I’m met with “I just don’t get it.” For me, the appeal lies less with the meal and more with each character’s experience. What the shows all share, be it through comedy or drama, is a sense of simple interiority. They focus on a moment of pleasant self-indulgence in which we all partake. It’s about the experience of a comforting meal in a new place. Sometimes deep introspection is on the menu, sometimes just musings on how good a piece of mackerel pairs with hot sake. What is always served, however, is an appreciation of the small moments and little pleasures in an often-chaotic world.

I’ve enjoyed these shows for years now, but I can’t help but notice how much more I’ve been consuming them since social distancing began. I can’t remember the last restaurant I went to. When I see a patron make a custom order in Midnight Diner, I think of the Oakland breakfast spots I’d hit after a night clubbing with friends. Watching Wakako take new routes home to find new restaurants, I remember the nights after I’d log a 13-hour day PAing on sets, wandering the streets of nearby Little Tokyo looking for an eatery I didn’t know about before.

I don’t know when I will next be able to try a new ramen shop. I’m not sure when I’ll get to once again eavesdrop on a messy first date a couple tables away while jamming my face into a burger. For some, watching shows like Midnight Diner might inspire a sense of FOMO rather than calming bliss, but I just appreciate the comfortable fantasy of going to a restaurant and eating stuff again.

Chingy Nea is a writer, comedian, and critically acclaimed ex-girlfriend based out of Oakland and Los Angeles.

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I think my favorite part of Midnight Diner is that while people feel better at the end, it isn’t always in finding the lost friend or the like (though there’s plenty of that), and the Master sometimes doesn’t do anything at all, it’s the setting and the relationships that can change by being present and accepting of others in general.


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The Ole Miss Rebels hired a new softball coach last week.

Ole Miss hired former Minnesota head coach Jamie Trachsel as its new head coach.

Trachsel went 102-40-1 in her two-plus seasons at Minnesota.

The Gophers went 41-17 in 2018, Trachsel’s first season at Minnesota, and 46-14 in 2019, including a trip to the Women’s College World Series, the first in school history.

Minnesota was 15-9-1 before the remainder of this season was canceled, due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

Trachsel replaces interim Ole Miss coach Ruben Felix, who took over in December after Mike Smith, who is a former head coach at McNeese St., resigned after five seasons.

Ole Miss went 12-13 this season.

Prior to her tenure at Minnesota, Trachsel was the head coach of North Dakota St. for six seasons (2011-2016), and Iowa St. for one year (2017).

In 9-plus seasons as a head coach, Trachsel has compiled an overall record of 346-184-1.


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(Audio) St. Paul runs through Gothenburg | KRVN Radio

(Audio) St. Paul runs through Gothenburg

(Audio) St. Paul runs through Gothenburg
RRN/Gothenburg at St. Paul.

ST. PAUL – Gothenburg (1-3) struggled to contain one of the best rushing attacks in the state, allowing 251 rushing yards to St. Paul (3-1) as the Wildcats prevailed over the Swedes, 35-6.

St. Paul was led by Eli Larson and his 201 yards rushing and two touchdowns. Coming into the game with over 500 yards rushing on the season, Larson dominated early and often in the first half, scoring both touchdowns in the first two quarters. It didn’t take long for St. Paul to score in the third quarter. On their first drive, the Wildcats marched down the field and found the endzone on a 30 yard pass from Brenden Knapp to Rylan Birkby on fourth down. Knapp would later score in the fourth period on a one yard rushing touchdown on another fourth down conversion. The final St. Paul score would come from a 70 yard punt return from Tommy Wroblewski. In all, the Wildcats wracked up 393 yards.

Gothenburg’s defense played well, making St. Paul earn almost every touchdown and forcing two turn over on downs. The Swedes however struggled on offense, mustering only 36 yards of offense in the first half and one first down until the fourth quarter. It wasn’t until the final minutes of the game when Wes Geiken put together their best drive of the game. He threw a 12 yard touchdown to Carson Rhodes in the final seconds. Geiken went 3-13 for 31 yards and ran for 72. As a team, Gothenburg had 118 yards of total offense.

St. Paul hosts Fillmore Central next Friday while Gothenburg returns home for a match up with Ogallala.

© 2020 Nebraska Rural Radio Association. All rights reserved. Republishing, rebroadcasting, rewriting, redistributing prohibited. Copyright Information


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Due to our world health issue, Kirk Tatnall Guitar will now be offering online guitar lessons.  It’s a great time to hunker down and learn a musical instrument!

“When someone asks me where to go for guitar lessons I always recommend Kirk Tatnall. He’s a great musician, can play just about any style of music really well, and has authored several excellent publications for Hal Leonard.” – Jeff Schroedl, Executive Vice President Hal Leonard Corporation

Kirk’s sixth book Lead Guitar 101 is available now.  The book provides the beginning improviser a path to learn the essential scale fingerings for lead guitar while simultaneously developing rhythmic phrasing.

Kirk Tatnall Guitar Instruction offers lessons, guitars, amplifiers, books, and accessories.  All the things you need to get started playing in one location!


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Last update: 1st August 2020


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A definitive tome about Milarepa, the patron saint of Tibet

In the summer of 1986, a few months after my father passed away, I went on a pilgrimage of sorts to my neighbourhood monastery, the 12th century Changangkha lhakang in Thimphu, for a month.

There I would sit with an old lady, who came for her daily circumambulations, a 13-year-old novice monk at the monastery, and an old man, who lived further up the hill.  Sometimes there were others who would join us.  We would sit in the courtyard and listen to the koenyer (caretaker), read out the Mila Kabhum (life story of Milarepa) to anyone who cared to listen.

The namthar of Milarepa is familiar to most Buddhists.  It is, perhaps, the only story of a Tibetan-Buddhist master that parallels that of the historical Buddha.  Milarepa is much loved and admired for his ability to transform in one lifetime (1052-1135) a life of hate and sin to one of full-realisation.  He is also known for his poetic prowess.

As Milarepa came to me through the age-old tradition of oral transmission, he was, meanwhile, also travelling to global audiences through the pens of many authors in the west.  His travels through the pages of people’s writings had started from as early as the 17th century, when a Jesuit missionary, Ippolito Desideri, wrote of a “certain hermit of Tibet,” who studied magic, repented his sins, wore no clothes, and ate nettles.  The Jesuit noted how every hermit kept a book on Milarepa and tried to emulate his life.  It is no surprise then that Milarepa was the first Tibetan book to be translated into English.

The latest such work on Milarepa in the west is a study undertaken by Andrew Quintman, assistant professor of religious studies at Yale University.  His book, The Yogin and the Madman, which was published in 2014 (Columbia University Press), is perhaps the most detailed and only study of the biographical corpus of Tibet’s great saint.  In amazing detail, Quintman analyses and traces the literary transformations on the writings and studies of this poetic mendicant over the centuries.  The book clearly explains how to approach the writings and hagiographical studies on Milarepa to understand Tibetan literary traditions.  Often Buddhist texts on religious figures/sacred biographies have been criticised for distortion of the truth, and being fantastical.

“Scholars have long understood the importance of such works as repositories of historical data,” writes Quintman. “Religious biography thus could serve not only as a window into medieval religious life, but also, he quotes Patrick Geary here, as ‘a privileged source for the study of social values’.” According to Quintman, The Life of Milarepa may be one of the most influential stories in the history of Buddhism in Tibet and the Himalayas. “This means the figure of Milarepa and his narrative traditions are deeply interconnected with other forms of religious expressions, such as development of sacred geography and pilgrimage, artistic traditions, ritual practice, doctrine, liturgy and so forth.”

Having surveyed a wide range of previously unstudied sources and rare manuscripts, The Yogin and the Madman enlightens us with how the yogin’s life story emerged from a few “skeletal writings” by disciples to a full-bodied, fleshy biography over time.  These writings provide great insight into the religious and historical conditions including the forms of writing/literature that proliferated in Tibet over the centuries.

The book also has a great analysis on the life and writings of Tsangnyon Heruka, whose work on Milarepa “has formed the yogin’s enduring image in both Tibet and the West.”

This is not Quintman’s first book on Milarepa.  In 2010, Quintman translated “The Life of Milarepa,” published by Penguin Classics.  His fascination with Milarepa started from as early as 1988, when he spent time in Nepal and in Dharamsala with many eminent Buddhist teachers.  His introduction to Lobsang Lhalungpas “The Life of Milarepa” was the start of a study of a character that would last more than 25 years. “The life of Milarepa is compelling for many reasons,” he said. “It tells the story of an ordinary and deeply flawed individual, who was able to attain great spiritual mastery by virtue of his own dedication and fortitude. In that sense, the narrative holds the promise that everyone is capable of profound inner transformation.” Quintman also remarks on how the text is a great piece of literature that can stand together with other great works of Asia and the West.

The Yogin and the Madman is a treasure trove for anyone, who wishes to learn more about literary traditions in the Himalayas, Buddhist history, and about the life of Milarepa.

“All worldly pursuits have but one unavoidable and inevitable end, which is sorrow; acquisitions end in dispersion; buildings in destruction; meetings in separation; births in death.”  Milarepa.

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Sonam Ongmo

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text:
Online dating for plus size women

23-Jan-2020 23:02 by 4 Comments

Online dating for plus size women - Ps3 camera sexdates londonderry

Corissa Enneking, who runs a body-positive blog called Fat Girl Flow, complained that mainstream media doesn't showcase a wide enough range of bodies - even when it's focusing on the plus-size community.So in a bid to encourage more diversity, the self-proclaimed 'happy fat girl' launched a body-positive campaign that aims to truly spotlight the various shapes and sizes that women come in by calling on them to show off their bikini bodies.

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So in 2030, I think we’ll be somewhere very different, and I think today’s nine-year-olds will have really incredible ways of finding love when they’re 25.The first step in ending up with the right person is meeting the right person, and for something so important in our lives, we’ve had for doing it efficiently and intelligently.For socially weird or anxious or shy people, trying to meet a stranger in public is a nightmare, and even for someone charming and outgoing, it’s a grueling task that requires a lot of luck.Corissa noted that even though more and more brands are creating plus-size options, the models who wear them are typically all 'white, under 30, on the smaller side of fat, able bodies, and evenly proportioned'.And while that is certainly the way that some women look, that plus-size 'ideal' doesn't fit everyone.Online is a much better way to accomplish that too.

As for the current online dating options—they strike me as a good first crack at this by humanity, but the kind of thing we’ll significantly improve on to the point where the way it was done in 2014 will seem highly outdated in not too many years.

The alternative that often happens is meeting someone through friends, which can work, but it’s limiting yourself to single people your closest friends and family happen to know.

Effective dating definitely needs to take place in person, the same way your grandfather did it, but I see no good reason why happens—and for the most important mission in most of our lives, it makes no sense to crush your ability to meet great people to try a first date with because it’s not as good a story to have met them online.

Simply considered as online meeting people, it makes a ton of sense.

I’ve already expressed my argument for why in two posts: one on how critical it is to find the right life partner and how seriously we should take that quest, and another on why going to bars is a terrible life experience.

Note also that in more recent Hunts (where we go on the hunt for a specific basic, like a solid colored sheath dress), we have been including picks for plus sizes, cusp sizes (16-18), and companies with options for custom sizes.

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WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

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Former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, left, visits with Democratic presidential candidate and former Vice President Joe Biden at the National September 11 Memorial in New York, Friday, Sept. 11, 2020, before a ceremony marking the 19th anniversary of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky)

Bloomberg To Spend At Least $100M To Help Biden In Florida

September 13, 2020 - 7:27 am

WASHINGTON (AP) — Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is committing at least $100 million to help Joe Biden’s presidential campaign in the crucial battleground state of Florida.

Bloomberg’s late-stage infusion of cash reflects Democrats’ concerns about the tight race in a state that is a priority for President Donald Trump. A victory for Biden in Florida, the largest of the perennial battleground states, would significantly complicate Trump’s path to reaching the 270 Electoral College votes needed to secure a second term.

Republicans, however, feel confident in their chances in the state, pointing to GOP wins in 2018 and stronger-than-expected turnout in 2016 as evidence the state is trending in their direction. They’ve invested millions in Florida focused on Latino outreach and boosting their field operation, and the state’s size and diversity makes campaigns there expensive.

The billionaire Bloomberg launched his own campaign for the Democratic nomination late last year amid worries about Biden’s strengths. Despite spending $1 billion on his campaign, Bloomberg struggled and dropped out in March, quickly endorsing Biden.

One of the world’s wealthiest men with a net worth estimated to exceed $60 billion, Bloomberg promised throughout his campaign that he would help Democrats try to defeat Trump regardless of how his own White House bid fared.

He exited the presidential race pledging to spend “whatever it takes” to defeat Trump, and has already invested millions to support Democrats up and down the ballot. Bloomberg transferred $18 million from his presidential campaign to the Democratic National Committee, and transferred its offices in six key swing states to the local Democratic parties there.

The businessman has contributed $500,000 to Voto Latino to help register Latino voters, $2 million to the group Collective Future to help register African American voters, and $2 million to Swing Left, a group focused on electing Democrats in swing districts. One of the groups he has founded and funds, Everytown for Gun Safety, has committed to spending $60 million on elections this cycle, and Bloomberg himself has pledged another $60 million to support Democrats in House races.

Bloomberg’s new spending is intended to boost Biden before the start of early voting in Florida, which begins on Sept. 24. A Bloomberg adviser said much of the money will go to television and digital advertising. Republicans are outspending Democrats by about $8 million in the state in future television ad reservations, according to a review of Kantar/CMAG data by The Associated Press.

AP’s Advance Voting guide brings you the facts about voting early, by mail or absentee from each state:

AP Editorial Categories:


text:
10 т мостовой кран

For one of the leaders in the oil industry of Ukraine, a 10-ton bridge crane was manufactured

A 10-ton bridge crane for one of the largest oil producing companies in Ukraine was manufactured at the Kyiv Crane Machinery Plant LLC. Today, this company produces more than 86% of oil, 28% of gas condensate and 16% of gas from the total hydrocarbon production in our country.

The customer needed a new crane to more efficiently provide loading and unloading operations at the territory of the oil refinery. It is worth noting that, along with our designers, the representatives of the Customer took an active part in the development of the project of the crane overpass and the crane itself - this made it possible to take into account all the nuances of the technological process, for which new crane equipment was needed.

The main technical characteristics of the crane model KMO-10.0-20.00-7.0-A5:

  • carrying capacity - 10.0 t;
  • lifting height - 7.0 t;
  • crane span - 20.0 m;
  • lifting and lowering speed - 4.0 m / min;
  • the speed of movement of the trolley - 20.0 m / min;
  • crane movement speed - 40.0 / 10.0 m / min;
  • degree of protection of electrical equipment - IP55;
  • group operating mode according to ISO or GOST - 2m (medium).

The main components on a supporting bridge crane: cable hoist MT type, gear motors for moving and lifting, as well as end beams - produced by the Bulgarian plant Podemcrane. The span bridge (a welded beam of a box-shaped structure with a width of a riding shelf of 295 mm) was manufactured at Kyiv Crane Machinery Plant LLC.

The crane package also includes:

  • load limiter;
  • limit switch of raising and lowering;
  • trailer switches of crane and hoist movement;
  • additional brake of the lifting mechanism;
  • thermal protection of the lift engine;
  • phase control relay;
  • light and sound alarm for crane operation - Schneider 24V;
  • main contactor in the circuit;
  • LED lighting of the working area.

The increased degree of protection of electrical equipment, as well as anticorrosive painting of the span bridge ensures reliable operability of crane equipment in the open air at any time of the year and in any weather.

After delivery to the place of operation, the crane was mounted and after testing it was put into operation as soon as possible, despite the fact that the installation and commissioning were carried out in the conditions of the current production. Currently, the new crane equipment is being successfully operated: with its help, loading and unloading of raw materials, equipment and tools is carried out in the custody of the oil refinery.

(3 оценок, среднее: 5.00 из 5)


text:
Apple Ant - APPLE with BANANA & PEAR Baby Food Pouch, Organic, HOLLE

from 6 months

100 g

Fine purée made from 100% fruit of Demeter quality, suitable for all ages. Ideal as a snack between meals or on the go.

Gluten-free. Egg-free. Lactose-free.

More details

Out of Stock

Available in Stores - Click to View

CAD $2.19

Free shipping on orders $65+

Additional Info
Product # 155
Manufacturer HOLLE
Compositions Cotton
Styles Casual
Properties Short Sleeve

Apple* 60%, Banana* 20%, Pear* 20%

*from biodynamic farming

Countries of origin of the main ingredients:

Resealable pouches: ideal as a snack, easy to use. Use a spoon to feed the purée to younger children.

Pure fruit without any additives. Unsweetened and finely puréed.

Please note:

Feed the purée with a spoon. Do not allow your baby to suck continuously to avoid tooth decay. Keep the screw cap out of reach of children. Can be stored in the fridge for 2 days after opening.

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Baby Bodysuit

Baby Bodysuit

Faded short sleeves t-shirt with high neckline. Soft and stretchy material for a comfortable fit. Accessorize with a straw hat and you're ready for summer!

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Learn more - Legal mentions

Set of 7 yoghurt jars

Included with the cheese maker and yogurt/cheese maker, the containers are essential for all of your cheese and yogurt creations.

Read more

2,50 €

Delivery time : 10 jours ouvrés

Points of sale Lagrange

Where to buy?

Product description

Plusplus - enproduct

Large capacity containers (185 grams)

Customizable lids to indicate ingredients, best before date...and are stackable and easy to store.

The included customizable lids let you mark in dry-erase marker the ingredients and best before date on each individual yogurt.

These patented lids are stackable and easy to store.

The large (185g) and practical containers let you add fruit or jam to your mixture.

Technical characteristics

7 glass jars
Stackable ad customizable lids
Capacity 185 grams of yogurt
Dimensions: Diameter 6.8 cm - Height 8.5 cm
Dry erase marker provided
Compatible with Yogurt LAGRANGE (Ref. 439101) and Yogurt-Fromagère LAGRANGE (Ref. 439601)

    Recommended accessoires for the product Set of 7 yoghurt jars

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    Let's cook it up together!

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