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Cost Savings, Cost Reduction & Cost Avoidance: What’s the Difference?

Last updated October 8, 2020 written by Tetiana

These are three terms that you may come across when running your business; cost savings, cost reduction, and cost avoidance. What are the differences between cost avoidance vs cost savings and cost reduction? It’s easy to assume that all of these terms actually mean the same thing, but this is not the case. In business terms, these all have slightly different definitions. We’ve discussed what these terms mean in this guide to help you to fully understand, and even decide on the approach your business should take.

cost avoidance vs cost savings

Understanding Hard and Soft Costs

Hard costs and soft costs may sound like jargon. In fact, there are some major differences between them which you should try to understand before exploring the differences in cost saving vs cost reduction.

Hard costs relate to assets, which are often physical. Things like your office space, new equipment, the stock and inventory you need to hold, these are all hard assets. They're easy to work out and to estimate and can be used in business plans and accounting more easily than soft costs.

Soft costs don't often have a tangible financial benefit, but they are there. These costs can be referred to as indirect costs. Things like legal costs, unexpected bills or other unforecastable business expenses. What this means is that making a saving in this way (or avoiding or reducing a soft cost) is a hard thing to measure. Better health and safety may reduce soft costs in the future, such as compensation or repairs, but you can't measure an event that you've avoided happening.

Cost Avoidance - A Focus on Future Costs

This is a strategy that requires you to play the long game. The definition of cost avoidance versus cost savings is that avoidance is related to the potential expenses you might experience in the future. Implementing cost avoidance measures is all about considering what costs could be coming down the pipeline.

The strategies used to make this saving to the bottom line of the business can come in many forms. They might not even have directly obvious financial benefits in the short term. For instance, training an existing member of staff can be a way to avoid the future cost of recruitment for a position. If recruiting for a role is specialist then it might just make sense to train the staff you already have. This can save the costs of advertising and the time cost of potentially employing someone new.

Setting up services and relationships with companies that are scaleable can be a way to avoid a big, unwanted bill coming your way in the future. For instance, at Nexa, you can set up a Nexa Go plan where you only pay for the minutes you use. This can avoid you having to employ a full-time receptionist in the future when you aren't quite ready to fill their 40-hour working week, and would end up spending money unnecessarily.

Even some of the so-called "smaller" aspects of your business and your operational costs can quickly stack up. Examples of cost avoidance include company phones that are on a contract that allows for a potential increase in prices. It's easy to overlook this and let the costs creep up in the future. You can avoid this by agreeing regular updates to the costs or a fixed-price that will not increase. Other price increase examples include suppliers who might creep their price up over time. It's easy to ignore a supplier's price crease or assume it is inevitable, but you might be able to avoid it. An example of cost avoidance would be locking in a long-term deal with them, to ensure that added costs can't be bolted on.

These might be deemed as "soft savings". You can't always measure the avoided cost and the results of these measures it can be all-too-easy to ignore. However, most would agree that this long-term focus is vital.

Cost Savings and The Difference Between Cost Avoidance vs Cost Savings

You may also hear of these sorts of savings as "hard savings" as they can be measured more easily and implemented quickly, this is one of the key differences when considering cost savings vs cost avoidance measures. Anything to lower current spending, which can be measured, and which doesn't have a negative impact on your business can be seen as a cost saving. The key is that your business needs to function in the same way with no negative impacts of a new, lower price.

As an example, cutting staff may not be a cost saving or an example of hard savings, because you may not be able to create the same product or provide the same service. However, outsourcing your reception staff or employing a virtual assistant might be a way to cut costs while still providing the same service.

Examples of costs you may be able to cut include:

  • Renegotiating your utilities.
  • Using freelancers or contract labor such as a live answering service.
  • Pooling your resources with related businesses. Office space is an example.
  • Buying in bulk (when it makes sense to do so).

Cost Reduction - Making Cuts

A cost reduction is usually a way of saying that you are making cuts to your business, regardless of whether or not you will be able to provide the same level of service. For example, a retail store might decide that they are going to cut their staff and rely on fewer employees to man the store. This will almost inevitably lead to worse service, or longer waiting times, but it is a cost reduction and might be necessary.

Cost reduction efforts can relate to hard savings and soft savings. Maybe your business is going to cut insurance costs in exchange for a lower level of cover. Perhaps you are going to cut the quality of materials you use and go with a cheaper supplier, or a cheaper alternative from the same supplier. These reductions all represent cuts in some way, and though they have cost savings they might also hinder the business.

Once you get a grasp of cost avoidance vs cost savings and cost saving vs cost reduction, you can fully understand which might be suitable for your business. Usually, you will be looking to make savings in a way that doesn't impact your bottom line in terms of what your service or product offers, but can provide you with some financial benefits. Most businesses can cut costs somewhere, but those that want to survive need to do so in a way that doesn't impact upon what they offer their partners and customers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Are Hard and Soft Savings?

Hard savings are seen by most companies as those savings that you can assign a dollar value to. There is no abstract thinking or conjecture, if you have negotiated a 20% discount with a supplier, you are saving that amount of money as a hard saving. Soft savings are things like potential costs that have been avoided. Hard to measure, but they do represent potential savings. An avoided lawsuit by implementing better health and safety would be an example.

How Can I Avoid Staff Costs With No Cuts?

Offering the same service without spending the same amount can be hard for a business. Outsourcing can be a good solution. For instance, with Nexa, you can switch to call answering services where you only pay for the minutes you use the receptionist’s services. This way, you aren’t wasting money on staff who aren’t being properly utilized.

How Can I Cut Procurement Costs?

Most businesses need to buy some supplies, whether this is a part of what they sell or just office supplies. To cut procurement costs, there are a few basic tips.

  • Never be afraid to negotiate. Many companies would rather lower their price than lose your custom.
  • Shop around, there might be a better deal elsewhere.
  • Only buy what you need. Excess stock can be the equivalent of burning money in a business.


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High School Young Friends

April 6, 2022 @ 6:00 pm - 8:45 pm

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Room 010 / High School Young Friends (HSYF) will meet each Wednesday evening downstairs in the Young Friends space.
Contact Karin Heller to sign up to help with dinners or ask questions about Young Friends activities.

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Dark Souls III Review – You’re Prepared To Die Again, Right?

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(12)

With Dark Souls II two years behind us, we’ve finally been given the third installment in the Souls series in Dark Souls III. With the time I’ve put into the game, there are a number of things that I can say that I firmly believe about it. However, none are quite as important as this: I believe that Dark Souls III is absolutely a worthy successor to the series, and is absolutely worth playing if you’re a fan of the series.

With that said, I also know many, many, many fans of the series will want to go into the game completely blind. If that’s the case, consider stopping here and avoid anything said about it. For those of you who aren’t looking to avoid everything about the game, I will try to keep spoilers to an absolute minimum so you should be safe to read through this pretty spoiler-free.

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(1)

With that out of the way, let’s talk Dark Souls III.

Let’s begin with what is arguably the most important aspect – gameplay. Despite being fundamentally the same as previous Souls games for combat, Dark Souls III has made some pretty big overhauls to the system’s intricacies.

First off is the inclusion of a mana system called Focus Points. Rather than continuing the trend of having a certain number of casts for each spell you have attuned, you’ll now be able to cast spells you have attuned freely, as long as you have FP remaining. So, if you want to use all of your FP casting Soul Arrow to clear out enemies as you progress through an area that’s fine. If you need to spend them all casting Soul Greatsword during a PvP encounter, you can do that too.

Focus Points are also attached to the other big overhaul in combat – Weapon Skills. Each weapon will have a different skill available that can be used to certain effects. Some may give you an attack buff, while others can be a flashy attack or a shield-piercing attack. Skills are pretty widely varied and will definitely play a big role in selecting a weapon this time around. Skills require FP to use, and will vary in FP cost from skill to skill. This means that FP isn’t only useful for spell-casters, which is a great balance for both magic and melee focused players.

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(9)

Many of the combat and gameplay changes are related to this system in some way. You’ll now be given two types of Estus Flasks – traditional Estus and Ashen Estus. Estus Flasks replenish HP as always, and Ashen Estus Flasks replenish FP. You’ll be given the ability to allot your total number of Estus Flasks between the two types. So, if you have 6 total, for example, you can carry 4 Estus and 2 Ashen, or 6 of one and none of the other, or however you decide to divvy it up. This allows for a lot of customization on the part of the player. You can throw all of your Estus at Ashen flasks if you carry healing spells with you, or put them all as regular Estus if you rarely use FP. It’s totally up to the player.

Another change is in the form of button assignments with shields. Weapon skills for main hand weapons have been assigned to L2, which is where the shield’s parry or secondary action has always been. And that’s unchanged for the most part. Shields now carry one more secondary ability – the use of a main hand weapon skill. So while some shields retain the parry ability, others will allow you to use your main hand ability without needing to switch to a two-handed stance (which is how you go about using it if you have a parry shield).

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(8)

Another big change comes in the form of some special dual-wielded weapons. A few weapons, like the Legion Scimitars, have a dual-wield component built in that will give people that enjoy dual-wielding a few weapon choices that are specifically designed with that purpose in mind.

In fact, many of the big, and even smaller, design choices for this installment feel like they are catering more and more toward player choice and agency in how they want to engage combat. Weapons feel more varied than ever before with the addition of skills, the FP system used with magic allows players more freedom to fit the situation, and even niche playstyles like dual-wielding are getting love. I think a lot of the system changes added a lot to the gameplay overall.

As for the feel of the game itself, I would say it’s gotten faster. It doesn’t feel quite like the speed of Bloodborne, but combat is certainly faster paced than ever before for Dark Souls. It feels a bit tighter, and you’ll find that your mistakes get punished more efficiently too. If your guard is ever broken? Prepare for some follow-up attacks to your face before you’re able to react. The higher pace and quicker punishment makes combat feel more responsive and high risk, which will really keep players engaged.

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Enemies have also been given a bit of an upgrade. Aside from the ability to use weapon skills from their weapons, many have unique movesets and varied attacks and patterns that are harder to read than before. Not a few hours into the game, and you’ll see typical knight enemies with attacks designed to punish back-stab fishing and turtling alike, which will be eye-opening for many newcomers early on.

Bosses, too, have gotten overhauls. Very few (if any) bosses are single phase fights anymore. Most transition to new patterns and attacks at least once, if not twice, throughout a fight. And even better for the atmosphere, the music will change with them. It makes the fights far more memorable and exciting than ever before for Dark Souls.

The last thing I have to say about the gameplay is a negative, however. While the game does run smoothly most of the time, I’ve definitely noticed that frame rate drops and slow-downs run rampant. I’m reviewing based on a PS4 copy, so while this may not be an issue in all cases, it certainly was noticeable. Especially transitioning between areas when not warping.

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While on the topic of frame rate, let’s touch on graphics. The game has impressed me on more than one occasion with its locations and designs. In particular, the movement in cloth has gotten a massive upgrade, and cloaks / capes look great. However, there are definitely some vistas in the game that will cause a momentary lapse in judgement where you stare off into space to admire the architecture.

You’ll also find yourself occasionally admiring weapons and their designs. While the transforming weapons of Bloodborne certainly had a bit of a “wow” factor, Dark Souls III returns to traditional weaponry again with a number of exceptions. Of course Ultra Greatswords still exist and they are far from realistic, but the designs on many traditional weapons look great, and some are definitely beautifully crafted.

The variety of weaponry is back as well. One thing I loved about the game was looking at my inventory a couple hours in and already seeing a list of weapon options twice the size of Bloodborne’s total weapon list. And not only that, but plenty of fan favorite weapons make a return; Artorias’ Greatsword, the Dragonslayer Spear, the Black Knight Glaive, and more are all available in the game again. It’s great to see the list of weapons and magic as expansive as ever.

And if we’re on the topic of returning items from previous games…well, without spoiling too much, be prepared to see some familiar faces, and maybe even places. Dark Souls III hearkens back to Dark Souls more than Dark Souls II, though, so be prepared to see some old friends you probably didn’t even realize you missed.

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This time, similar to Demon’s Souls and to a lesser degree, Bloodborne, you’ll be operating out of a hub. You’ll be given the ability to freely warp between bonfires from the get-go, and you’ll be given a Firelink Shrine to operate from. Characters you meet along the way will come and go from the shrine, and many stories will progress through actions there rather than in the world itself. While it’s hard to say this is a positive or bad change is tough, I will say that many character stories felt better put together this time, and maybe even more involved.

The last big topic to discuss is online and multiplayer. I didn’t get to engage in much multiplayer in my time reviewing the game, so I can’t speak much to balance and things like that. However, I can talk briefly on covenants. Rather than one at a time, covenants can now be switched out on the fly and controlled by equipping an item in a specific slot to essentially mark your allegiance. Some of the old covenants make a return like the Warriors of Sunlight, Way of the Blue, Blue Sentinels, and the Blades of the Darkmoon in addition to new covenants as well.

The switching on the fly mechanic will hopefully make multiplayer a more fun and flexible part of the game while adding to the longevity overall. But, it certainly seems like there is plenty offered in the way of multiplayer, co-op, and PvP.

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(14)

And finally is a quick roundup of smaller details, both positive and negative, that didn’t quite fit elsewhere.

First is the world. Individual areas in Dark Souls III are much bigger than before, with a lot more verticality. However, there are less overall. While the game is probably not any shorter, it feels smaller somewhat, due to the smaller number of areas. Even if you can more or less tell that the amount of actual space is comparable.

A number of deeper mechanics have been added or altered. Adaptability was removed as a stat, while Luck was put back in. Also, Attunement has become the stat that governs your max Focus Points. Hollowing hasn’t been removed, but rather drastically altered – and I still haven’t quite figured out how it works – but it isn’t only related to deaths anymore. It’s more than that.

Overall, I think that Dark Souls III could easily be the best the series has had to offer yet. While it’ll be a while before the internet has truly had its way with the game to uncover the secrets and intricacies of the game, as it stands, Dark Souls III is a fantastic RPG and another great Souls game from FromSoftware.

dark souls iii 04-03-16-(15)

Dark Souls III was reviewed on PlayStation 4 using a retail copy provided by Bandai Namco. You can find additional information about Niche Gamer’s review/ethics policy here.

The Verdict: 9

The Good:

  • Updated gameplay and tighter combat
  • Works for more and better varied gameplay strategies and options for players
  • Great boss fights, including music
  • Average enemies have more intricate movesets and behaviors
  • Multiplayer elements (Covenants, etc.) appear to have been changed for the better
  • Other systems have been altered or made more intricate.

The Bad:

  • Plagued by frame rate issues. Again.
  • Fewer number of overall locations means less variation in locale.
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Chris Gregoria

I'm a pretty chill guy. Huge video game fan, but a bigger anime fan. I also love to write - obviously.


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More to Judge: Kozinski II

US v. Syufy Enterprises

Judge Kozinski managed to get more than 200 movie titles into his opinion on this monopolistic case and still write an excellent opinion. Here is some background:

When the Syufy case was first published rumor had it that hundreds of movie titles were hidden in Judge Kozinski’s opinion. This is in fact true. The eminent judge has confirmed that there are 215 hidden titles, in part thanks to his law clerk, who was also an avid movie buff and went on to become an entertainment lawyer.

This was no casual effort; there were rules of the game. Only feature films were permitted, no made-for-tv movies. Titles had to be exact, no letters added or deleted. Punctuation was important; “seven days” did not count because the movie was “Se7en Days”; there is, however, a “Seven”. Judge Kozinski arm-wrestled and beat West Publishing for a middle initial M with no period after it. Although the trial took place over two weeks, technically, courtroom time was 8 1/2 days. There is only one lawyerly wriggle: many people do not pronounce “Ran” in Japanese. Yes, there really is a “Humongous”; I would suggest readers have the Internet Movie Database running to check titles they aren’t familiar with, or to find out just popular “Easy Money” is.

— Update —

The good ol’ boys at the BYU law review compiled a “Rosetta Stone” to the opinion in a 1992 law review article. Here are their first 10 found movie titles in the opinion:

Monkey Business

8 1/2

The Power

The Competition

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European Football Comes to Barrhead

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October 15 2018 A Europe wide campaign to banish bigotry from football comes to Barrhead this week. On Tuesday 16th October fans of junior football clubs from across the West of Scotland will gather at Arthurlie Inns for an event … Continued

Robert Beats the Bookies to Battle Bigotry

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July 31 2017 Nil by Mouth’s efforts to banish bigotry from society has been boosted thanks to a big-hearted Barrhead radio host with an eye for the form book. During the 2016/17 football season Robert Burns, who hosts the cult … Continued

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Next: , Previous: , Up: Other Languages   [Contents][Index]

6.24.2 Emacs Lisp

Emacs Lisp (Elisp) is a dynamically-scoped Lisp dialect used in the Emacs editor. See Overview in Emacs Lisp, for more information on Emacs Lisp.

We hope that eventually Guile’s implementation of Elisp will be good enough to replace Emacs’ own implementation of Elisp. For that reason, we have thought long and hard about how to support the various features of Elisp in a performant and compatible manner.

Readers familiar with Emacs Lisp might be curious about how exactly these various Elisp features are supported in Guile. The rest of this section focuses on addressing these concerns of the Elisp elect.


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Dry Dual Stage 6 Cylinder 2 Solenoids Forward Plumbers Kit With Distribution Blocks

  • Flow 400+ HP
  • Dry System
  • Dual Stage
  • 20ft 3/16" Hardline
  • 24 3AN B-Nuts
  • 24 3AN Sleeves
  • Nozzles, Solenoids, & Hardware Included
  • Pricing: $417.99

    Solenoids Forward. This solenoids forward direct port kit comes with everything you need to replace your plate system with a direct port system, or to replace your current softline/hardline direct port system with Nitrous Outlet's proven race ready products.

    Hardline Your System. This 6 cylinder direct port plumbers kit has plenty of hardline to convert your soft line system to a hardlined system. Hardlines have a clean proffesional look and can be bent tightly to stay close to the intake, and out of the way of other moving parts. This plumbers kit also includes enough b-nuts, sleeves, and hardware to get the job done right. This plumbing kit comes with 20ft of 3/16 hardline, 24 black b-nuts, and 24 sleeves.

    • 00-10383-SBT-DS
    • 00-10383-SBT-DS
    • New

    Shipping Information

    • Item Requires Shipping
    • 8.0 lbs.
    • W10.0000” x H7.0000” x L24.0000”

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Stinger 4 Race Wet 4150 Deep Break Nitrous Plate System

  • 4150 Flange Wet Nitrous Kit
  • Standard .178" Nitrous and .310" Fuel Solenoids
  • Deep Break Solenoid Bracket and Pre-Bent Hardlines
  • Includes gasket and Hardware
  • Nitrous jetting for 50-600hp
  • Fuel Jetting for Gas and E85 for 5-55psi
  • Pricing: $1,184.99

    Customize Your Item

    - Free T-Shirt Size -
     * required
    - Bottle Size -
     * required
    - Add Purge Kit -
    - Add Nitrous Pressure Gauge -
    - Add Fuel Pressure Gauge -

    Continuing Innovation:
    The Stinger 4 is an addition to the hugely successful Stinger Nitrous Plate lineup and is based on the same ideology that nitrous plates are not one-size-fits-all. It is designed to work with engine combinations that have airflow distribution issues and also have intake manifolds with a taller wall height between the top of the intake runner to the carburetor flange.

    The Stinger 4 is a single-entry nitrous plate that provides a max flow of 644hp. At a glance, the Stinger 4 is very similar to the Stinger 2 - however, the nitrous and fuel discharge port locations have been swapped. The nitrous discharge ports are on top and discharge at a 20° angle towards the corner intake runners and a 30° angle towards the center intake runners. With the nitrous on top, it sprays down in to the horizontal fuel discharge. On the proper intake, the mixture would contact the base of the plenum wall, just above the port entry. Engine airflow then pulls the mixture into runner, allowing each cylinder to ingest what it wants.

    The 4150 plate and cone are manufactured from 6061 billet aluminum. The nitrous plate is .75” thick and black anodized with engraved Nitrous Outlet logos and Fuel / N2O entry marking. The cone is anodized red and features 16 nitrous discharge holes and 16 fuel discharge holes. Premium gaskets are included as well as Jetting for 50-100-150-200-250-300-350-400-450-500-550-600 horsepower shots. We even include fuel jetting for gasoline and E85 for 5, 7, 10, 45, and 55psi fuel pressures! This is a race nitrous plate kit and utilizes a .178 nitrous solenoid and a .310 fuel solenoid.  This nitrous kit comes with our Deep Break Solenoid Bracket and pre-bent hardlines for the cleanest installation around. Choose your nitrous bottle option above.

    The Stinger 4 is designed to saturate 4150 flange single plane intake plenums with a 360° downward angle discharge pattern that will not interrupt airflow into the intake plenum. We suggest using the Stinger 4 plate with intake manifolds that measure 1 3/4” or more from the top of the intake runner to the flange. This plate is compatible with carburetion or EFI!  Be sure to measure for boomerang bracket to distributor clearance using the dimensional image above.

    • 00-10612-GEN4
    • 00-10612-GEN4
    • New

    Shipping Information

    • Item Requires Shipping
    • 30.0 lbs.
    • W12.0000” x H12.0000” x L30.0000”
    • This item ships in its own box.

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Category: DEFAULT

  1. 32 rows · Riddimguide - Tunes - Poco Man Jam riddim is the worlds largest .
  2. Poco Man Jam: B: Poco Man Jam (Version) Reviews Add Review [r] Release. Edit Release New Submission. Add to Collection Add to Wantlist Remove from Wantlist. Marketplace 0 5 For Sale from $ Buy Vinyl Sell Vinyl /5(3).
  3. Jan 24,  · Early 90's dancehall tune off the Poco Man Jam riddim which was released on Steely & Clevie´s self titled label. Super Cat a.k.a. Dan Dada on the left of the.
  4. Aug 31,  · More poco {Poco Man Jam Riddim} Mix (Steely & Cleevie) mix by Djeasy mp3 - Duration: Djeasy Mixmaster 50, views.
  5. Poco Man Jam Riddim aka More Poco - {#dreamsound} Capleton - Granny Nardo Ranks - Cemetary Bunny General - No Boom Boom Wayne Wonder - Never Get To Heaven Fretty (Fritty) - Bumpa Cutty Ranks - Retreat Derrick Irie - Gumpan Reggie Stepper - Little Miss Roger Ranks (Roger Roots) - Jump If You Jumping.
  6. POCO MAN JAM RIDDIM (FULL PROMO) – PENTHOUSE RECORDS. By. prezzi - February 12, Facebook. Twitter. Pinterest. WhatsApp. ReddIt. Email. Tracklist: Romain Virgo – Too Much Bull Assassin – Dem A Sprinkle Oil Exco Levi – Can’t Leave Out God Khago – Touch Affa Mi Degree – .
  7. Poco Man Jam, a song by Gregory Peck on Spotify We and our partners use cookies to personalize your experience, to show you ads based on your interests, and for measurement and analytics purposes. By using our website and our services, you agree to our use of cookies as described in our Cookie Duration: 3 min.

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Border Terrier

Border Terrier

This charming breed makes an excellent companion, while it is also used by many farmers to control vermin such as mice and rats. The talented Border Terrier has a number of different skills including tracking, hunting and performing tricks.

The Border Terrier was first bred in the Cheviot Hills, which is situated near the border between Scotland and England. This is believed to be one of the oldest types of terriers in the United Kingdom and it was originally used by farmers to kill foxes. The small size of the Border Terrier made it ideal for digging into fox dens and driving them out to kill the foxes. While compact, the breed is large enough to keep up with horses on a hunt and was also used to hunt animals such as otters, rats, mice and martens. The breed was recognised in 1920 by the British Kennel Club, while recognition from the American Kennel Club followed in 1930.

Body Type

This small and medium-boned dog has a narrow body and shoulders with a relatively wide space between its eyes. The short muzzle is usually dark and features a moderately broad stop and a black nose. The strong teeth have a scissors bite, while the dark, v-shaped ears are set on the sides of the head. The legs are straight, while the tail is medium in size and thick at the base, tapering as it reaches the end. The coat is short, dense and wiry and is usually red, light brown or tan with white patches on the chest.

This breed is alert and bold as well as being extremely agile. The Border Terrier loves playing with children and its affectionate and mild-mannered temperament makes it the ideal companion for children and other family members. The Border Terrier tends to be eager to please their owners, which makes them particularly easy to train. Although the breed is prone to barking they are not aggressive and can provide a good early warning system against intruders. Puppies can be skittish, so it is important to make them accustomed to loud noises early so that they do not become timid. This breed needs to be socialised well to avoid its shy nature from coming forward. Due to its hunting instinct, the Border Terrier should not be left alone with household pets such as rodents and birds.

Associated Health Problems

The Border Terrier is prone to a recently recognised health condition called Canine Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome, which is also known as Spike’s Disease.

Living Conditions

This breed can live in an apartment if it receives regularly exercise and is fairly inactive when indoors. Because the Border Terrier likes to dig, it is important to fix the bottoms of fences with additional support to prevent dogs from digging out of gardens.

Exercise and Care

The Border Terrier requires a lot of exercise each day, including a long walk or run. The breed has a long of stamina and thrives when active. The dog’s wiry, durable coat requires weekly brushing as well as professional grooming twice a year. Because the Border Terrier hardly sheds it is a good dog for people who suffer from allergies.

Breed Stats

Height of males: 33-41cms
Height of females: 28-36cms
Weight of males: 6-7kg
Weight of females: 5-6kg
Life expectancy: At least 15 years
Litter size: 2-8 puppies on average
Group: Terrier, AKC Terrier

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March 7, 2020

Guv signs a slew of bills

The New Mexico State Capitol, or Roundhouse Wikicommons.

Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham gave her pen a workout Friday, signing a slew of public safety, child welfare, anti-discrimination, economic development and veterans bills.

The governor signed into law a crime prevention package — House Bill 184 and House Judiciary Committee substitutes for House Bills 6, 35 and 113 — that will increase the penalties for being a felon in possession of a firearm and brandishing a firearm in the commission of a felony.

In addition, the legislation will:

• Create funding for the training of school resource officers, including instruction on de-escalation techniques and adolescent-specific issues.

• Increase funds available for training and equipment for police departments, county sheriff’s offices and university and tribal police officers.

• Allocate up to $2 million to the Department of Public Safety to offset expenses for special deployments of state police in counties and cities across the state. It also creates funding for law enforcement agencies to recruit, train and pay bonuses for community policing.

“We are working both to prevent crime and hold criminals more accountable,” Lujan Grisham said in a statement.

The governor also signed:

• Senate Bill 136, which allows the State Investment Council to raise the cap from 9 percent to 11 percent on investments from the Severance Tax Permanent Fund into the state Private Equity Investment Program. Proponents say the measure could create $200 million in new investment to New Mexico company.

• Senate Bill 146, which will allow the state to offer more support to extended family and kinship caregivers.

• Senate Bill 130, which eases school credit opportunities for children who have had to change schools because of living conditions beyond their control.

•  Senate Bill 168, which creates technical fixes to the state’s Extended Care Foster Act.

• House Bill 25, a measure that shields pregnant women and new mothers from workplace discrimination. The bill allows women to ask employers for “reasonable accommodations” while pregnant or just after having a child.

• Senate Bill 99, authorizing public schools to grant diplomas to Vietnam veterans. The bill would allow any honorably discharged veteran to receive a high school diploma if his or entry into the military prevented graduation.


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Phone: 07 5355 5050

Listing ID: 10293588

91 Moorhouse Gully Road, Amamoor, Queensland 4570

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The superior quality of this 60 acres of absolute first class red volcanic 'grow anything' soil is only surpassed by the priceless location within the pristine Mary Valley. The postcard views of the peaceful, lush green valley are simply amazing. Each of the 2 homes enjoy well separated privacy, spacious family living, and all the benefits of the peacefulness of this unique 'no through' valley. The 4-bedroom en-suite family home is well set up for a family that needs room to move, while the 3 bedroom Queenslander has all the hallmarks and benefits that such a classic home delivers. The sheds, stables and steel cattle yards are all in place to compliment the enviable lifestyle this property provides. The ultra-heavy carrying capacity of the rich red volcanic soil is testament to the excellence of this location. Water won't be an issue here with 2 high capacity bores and plenty of storage tanks. The versatility of this 'one of a kind' property puts it into a special category. Owners' instructions are simple - SELL
Included with property is also an abundance of machinery - contact office for more information.

House Features

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  • Bedroom: 7
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Secure Parking,Terrace/Balcony

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FREE Shipping (US only) on all orders of $50 or more

How to deal with cravings?

While some people are capable of ignoring the little food monsters in their heads, some just have a harder and more frustrating time trying to fight it. Since you’ve found yourself reading this article, we’ll assume you’re the latter. it’s time to have a pep talk with yourself and face those little monsters hereon.

Attack the Salad! 7 Holiday Eating Tips

Christmas feast is coming and you don't want to be the Grinch. Here's how to handle a Christmas family dinner without compromising your diet.


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HAUFF 236, JOHN G. - LaMoure County, North Dakota | JOHN G. HAUFF 236 - North Dakota Gravestone Photos

John G. HAUFF 236

Kulm Congregational Cemetery (S28-T133-R66 Norden Twp) Cemetery
LaMoure County,
North Dakota

John G. (22 Nov 1889-03 Apr 1974)
Bertha (28 Mar 1900-24 Dec 1985)

Submitted by: Allen E. Konrad

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Record #: 17984

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Additional HAUFF 236 Surnames in KULM CONGREGATIONAL CEMETERY (S28-T133-R66 NORDEN TWP) Cemetery

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Submitted: 1/18/11 • Approved: 1/18/11 • Last Updated: 6/8/20 • R17984-G17984-S3

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P.O. Box 340, Dillsburg, PA 17019 717.502.1440

7th Annual Balderdash Brewfest

Soak in the history of distilling with local folks who make their own beer, wine, and spirits at Balderdash Brewfest Saturday, September 9th, 2017, from noon to 5 p.m.

Fiber Arts at Maple Shade:
Quilting Sundays

Celebrate Pennsylvania’s rich tradition of quilting at Maple Shade Barn every Sunday from 1:30 to 3:30 p.m.

Agriculture Day at Dill’s Tavern

Jump into harvest season at Dill’s Tavern with Agriculture Day, a free, family-friendly event on Saturday, September 16th, 2017.

Music in the Ballroom

October air calls for music and celebration in the Dill’s Tavern Ballroom with world-renowned jazz ensemble MuZette, which will perform an exclusive “Welcome to Fall” concert at 2 p.m. Sunday, October 22nd.


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Skip to content

You say you want a revolution…

Happy New Year! If you’ve frequented this blog before, you know that we do not do resolutions here at Not Strictly Spiritual. Why? Because they don’t work. Why stick with a losing proposition? Think big. Think evolution. Think revolution.

We are not starting out this new year looking to drop pounds and dress sizes or simply start a new exercise routine. We are looking to go much deeper than that, to a place where we can dig into the fertile soil of our soul, a place where there are ideas and experiences and adventures trying to poke through the surface and blossom into the life we deserve, the life we’ve been dreaming of. Stop counting calories and counting steps and counting sheep and start breathing deep, sitting still, looking inward, reaching outward, living life with attention and INtention.

If you followed us on the Cravings journey last year, you’ll remember that we worked through that book chapter by chapter, week by week. I’ll be re-posting those entries so you can review and renew. If you haven’t worked through Cravings yet, now is the time! Check back here each week for posts that will not only help you develop a healthy relationship with food but will give you an opportunity to explore your own heart, mind, and soul. In addition, I’ll be posting new material that will show you how to take the mindful attitude we developed during Cravings and bring that to bear in all areas of your life. I’ll be using my book Everyday Divine as a guide. (You can get the Kindle version HERE. I do have a limited supply of print editions of this book, so shoot me an email if you’re interested.)

You’ll find the details of our Cravings journey in this post: Revolution, not resolution  (I’ll follow the same schedule as I did last year, so the dates listed there will hold. Check back Jan. 2 for our first installment.)

Still not convinced? Here’s another post that might do the trick: You are enough. No resolutions required.

The only thing you need to bring to this party is a good attitude, a sense of curiosity, and a journal. It doesn’t have to be a fancy journal. A cheap spiral notebook will do, but it’s a good idea to have a place to write down some notes along the way. In fact, journaling for even a few minutes each morning is a great way to start your day. We’ll talk more about that in the days ahead. If you don’t want to do that, no problem. This is your journey, your life. Do it your way.

See you back here soon. Here’s to another new year. Let’s make it a good one.

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ORBI Firmware Update | Download

It is easy to update Orbi firmware. There are two ways to update or upgrade the Orbi router’s firmware. The first one is manual and the second one is automatic. As you have landed on this page that means you are seeking support to update Orbi firmware. Don’t worry this article will resolve your issue … Read more


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UK-India Newton Fund Scoping Workshop: Biological solutions to reducing industrial waste, environmental inefficiency and pollution in India

Expressions of interest are being sought to attend a scoping meeting for a UK – India Newton Fund call in innovative biological solutions for managing industrial waste. Registration closes on 30 January 2017. Open to UK businesses, academics and other eligible organisations as per Innovate UK’s standard eligibility criteria. Further information and application form can be found here:


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Kadiatou(Ka-djah-tou)Balde is a 22-year-old Black Guinean-American Muslim womxn. She’s a social architect with a passion for BI&POC community-based sustainability and entrepreneurship – rooted in Islam. Upon graduating last May, she worked with 12 different non-profit organizations as a Diversity in Arts Leadership intern, where she learned the importance of BI&POC solutions and leadership that led to her co-creation of Faithfully Sustainable.

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Forum Thread: Deleting Windows 8.1 Pro

I've tried deleting it the "proper way". Through system recovery. Every time it says "some require files missing. Please insert disk". Well I don't have the disk. I can find no other way to delete windows off my computer. This 8.1 is an absolute joke. I have to get it off my computer. Any other options? Someone suggested deleteing the partition but I cannot find any online tutorials on how to do that as I am not an expert.

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8 Responses

Did you try just formatting the hard drive?

If and that is a BIG if. I can format the drive. Would I be able to install windows 7 from an ISO cd?

Yes, but you will lose all your data.

Here is a tutorial on how to delete a partition. Make sure that you have allowed your computer to boot from CD or USB

I'm totally fine losing all data. Intact that is what I want. Jasper. How do I allow my computer to boot from cd!

Go into BIOS and under security, allow boot from other media.

I've tried every tutorial on the net. None so far have worked to enter 8.1 bios

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Social Engineering: How to Use Persuasion to Compromise a Human Target

How to Use Persuasion to Compromise a Human Target

Social engineering makes headlines because human behavior is often the weakest link of even well-defended targets. Automated social engineering tools can help reclusive hackers touch these techniques, but the study of how to hack human interactions in person is often ignored. Today, we will examine how to use subtle, hard to detect persuasion techniques to compromise a human target.

Social Engineering Today

Where have all the great conmen gone? The clever ones who would get people excited about splitting a fake winning lottery ticket and then let the victim gleefully drive to an ATM to stuff cash in the thief's pocket?

They haven't vanished, they've simply become a disruptive and unpredictable element in the growing ranks of hackers and techno-criminals. These threats may lack the technical computer skills of advanced persistent threat hackers or nation-states, but their knowledge of exploiting human behavior allows them to accomplish goals which, from a technical perspective, may otherwise be impossible.

Humans Are Cheaper to Hack

Zero-day exploits and malware frameworks are the conventional weapons of the current cold cyberwar. These tools are bought and sold on the market for their predictable technological effects, yet skilled social engineers regularly buck this trend to produce stunning effects through knowledge of how human organizations work from a psychological perspective. While a pile of malware and zero-day exploits can cost you a lot of money, an attractive or persuasive person with a USB stick can accomplish the same result quickly and cheaply.

While a hacker might see a security guard as an obstacle, a social engineer sees employees like these as their primary targets. Image by 36clicks/123RF

Human hacking is an evolving art, but people as a whole can be persuaded to act in largely predictable ways. These predictabilities vary by culture and region to some degree, but will almost always apply. In our advanced social engineering series, we'll cover using persuasion, power, identity, and stress to increase the likelihood of a successful social engineering attack.

Many of these techniques were developed by the US government to replace torture after the CIA banned the practice. The intelligence community asked leading scientists to help develop a framework for getting information from a target that may not trust you or actively hate your guts. The techniques are so powerful that persuasive people can change a target's perspective of themselves, their own position in life, or the significance of the data and access they possess. Skillful persuasion is aimed to lead the target to feel as though they have come to these conclusions independently.

The extent to which any of these techniques will work varies depending on several factors, including the target's willingness and ability to consider perspectives other than their own, their intellectual capacity and curiosity, and the range of beliefs they were exposed to as a child. You may also consider external factors which can persuade and influence the target, such as family, friends, and business partners which might influence their perception.

The Persuasive Framework

The persuasive framework is a set of core principals that can be applied to developing social engineering tactics that are subtle, powerful, and hard to detect when used correctly. Each can be applied to persuade a target to behave in relatively automatic ways — without much thought on their part.

1. Becoming Likable

How many times have you done a small favor for someone you like? Whether it's getting the door or requesting the Wi-Fi password, people like to say "yes" to people they like. We respond automatically to people we like, and "liking" can be broken down into a few key attributes that people respond to:

  • Physical attraction is a powerful factor that people are hard-wired to respond to, and many people are particularly susceptible to this honeypot approach.
  • In general, people like people who are similar to themselves or have attributes or beliefs in common. Determining cross-cutting identities can be key to positioning yourself as someone similar to the target.
  • Social style, such as the way in which a target talks and conducts themselves in public, can also be mirrored to appear more likable to a target.

Through research of a person's interests and social contacts, a social engineer can create an association with something or someone the target already knows and values. Giving convincingly authentic praise and compliments, when appropriate, will also sway a target towards liking a social engineer.

2. Commanding Authority

To some degree, nearly all societies will include a pressure to obey, or at least listen to, an authority figure. Whether it's a police officer, doctor, lawyer, government official, or ticket-collector, we are all expected to take these people's requests more seriously. In the context of social engineering, it pays to be an authority!

People's respect for authority can be exploited by taking on roles like "doctor," "specialist," or "CEO." Pretending to be in a position of power that might be advantageous to the target may get them to bend the rules to please you, or to avoid upsetting you.

Authority figures present a window of opportunity, as people respond unconsciously to authority. Image by Elvert Barnes/Flickr

People also derive context from appearance and the way others treat you. A business suit and official-looking work badge can be enough to make employees suddenly stop texting, worried you're someone important they haven't met yet. In taking on the role of an authority figure, it's important to consider characteristics such as speech, writing, and other physical aspects like grooming and clothing to match who you say you are. A security guard and a visiting executive can both boss around a new employee, but both dress and act differently. Match your role!

3. Using Reciprocity

Feeling the need to return favors is nearly universal and can be used as a tactic to lure people into doing something they otherwise wouldn't consider. We all love getting free stuff, but the pressure to reciprocate naturally drives us to want to do something in return.

People are hard wired to want to balance social relationships and will respond to this feeling of indebtedness, even if the person doing the giving isn't otherwise very likable. Utilizing reciprocity can be very effective as it is more of a feeling of imbalance that will pressure the target to reciprocate, rather than a conscious thought process or deliberation.

Even when the initial gift or offering is small or relatively insignificant, studies show that people are driven to reciprocate even when the request is much larger or more significant than what was initially given. This effect is so powerful it even applies to uninvited gestures, provided the gift or favor provides some real value.

4. Taking Advantage of Commitments & Consistency

Psychology teaches us that the more committed someone is to an idea or opinion, the more important it is to them to appear consistent in what they do, say, and believe. All people share this desire to some degree or another, as failing to can make one appear inconsistent or untrustworthy.

This hardwiring can be exploited by leading a target to take an initial position consistent with your desired outcome. Con people frequently do this to pressure people into making a decision they would otherwise never do if they weren't feeling defensive. Carefully study a target to understand what issues it is personally important for them to be consistent on, such as religious beliefs, professionalism, or social causes.

The desire to appear consistent is powerful and even can cause a target to act against their own best interests. People have a notoriously hard time backing down from a position once stated out loud. Guiding a target to state a position or belief can apply intense internal pressure to live up to that statement later.

Some social engineers are naturally skilled at getting people to initially say or commit to things that are stupid or hasty. They subsequently challenge the target to live up to their own statements, both to distract or pressure them into doing something they would otherwise refuse to do.

5. Using Social Validation

When people don't know what to do, they look to their peers to feel comfortable. Whether it's a business owner trying a new product, a person checking Amazon reviews before making a purchase, or skimming through Yelp reviews before visiting a restaurant, the core need for social validation is hardwired into us.

In new situations, people look to the behaviors of others to understand how to act and what to do. In particular, people pay special attention to the behavior of those who are the most similar to themselves (or how they see themselves). Many small businesses will make purchases simply because their competitors use the same product and assume that the product has earned the trust of their peers.

If you can create a situation where the appropriate behavior is impossible or difficult to determine, you create the opportunity to employ this tactic though peer validation.

People feel uneasy in unfamiliar situations, and they will tend to assume others around them know more about the situation than themselves. Because of this, a target will often take any information provided at face value, allowing the target to be persuaded to take actions they might otherwise not feel comfortable taking. Even otherwise cautious or skeptical people can be convinced to do things like give their credit card number, password, or other sensitive information if they see peers exhibiting the same behavior as though it were expected.

What if I told you that flustering this nice lady into giving you the password is a lot easier than cracking it? Image by 36clicks/123RF

Social proof works best when a target is put in an uncertain environment and is presented with examples of behavior from people who appear similar to themselves. Casually mentioning examples of peers or similar organizations behaving the way we wish to persuade the target to behave can lower any resistance to taking an action they otherwise might hesitate to do.

6. Scarcity & Deadlines

Resources are finite, and we all hate the feeling of a deal slipping through our fingers. Limited time offers, limited availability, and rare items grab attention because humans are hardwired to prize items that are scarce or hard to find. This effect is greatly amplified when someone has something scarce or valuable (or feels like they were going to receive it) and then loses it. The scarcity of an item that is desirable will invoke a feeling of craving for the item in question, and this can be enhanced by using tactics like deadlines to create artificial pressure.

This tactic works best when something becomes newly scarce, particularly when it involves something the target is used to receiving. Implying there is a limited amount, only enough for a few people, or only availability for a certain window of time is a tried and true method of making people commit to things they don't want to for fear of losing out. While this tactic has been around for a long time, scarcity still makes the human mind scramble to get their share of whatever valuable thing they fear may become unavailable.

Putting It Together to Create Persuasive Pressure

Humans are as hackable as any system, and these frameworks of persuasion can help you begin to utilize exploits in human behavior to bypass technical hurdles. Securing the cooperation of a target through social engineering can slash time and resources required to complete an objective, and a good red team knows that humans are always the weakest part of a system.

Stay tuned for my next tutorial on the persuasive framework — identifying core concerns and how to exploit them — and make sure to keep an eye on Null Byte for more hacking tutorials. You can ask me questions here or @sadmin2001 on Twitter or Instagram.

Want to start making money as a white hat hacker? Jump-start your white-hat hacking career with our 2020 Premium Ethical Hacking Certification Training Bundle from the new Null Byte Shop and get over 60 hours of training from ethical hacking professionals.

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Cover photo by SADMIN/Null Byte

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Thanks! This science applies to a lot of interactions, but I've found it particularly useful here. I'm glad I could help.

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Live Wire Flextech

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Flextech construction can be used on any board in the Nutz range, it can be applied to all custom orders as they are made here in the UK.

We belive these boards are the way forward >>


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NYPD Lied About 2009 Chase That Killed Brooklyn Pedestrian Violetta Krzyzak

The aftermath of the police chase that killed Violetta Krzyzak, which NYPD said didn’t happen. Photo: Graham T. Beck
Aftermath of the police chase that killed Violetta Krzyzak, which NYPD said didn’t happen. Photo: Graham T. Beck

Court documents indicate police were driving in pursuit of a man when he struck and killed a Greenpoint pedestrian five years ago, contrary to NYPD denials and confirming statements from witnesses who told Streetsblog the crash occurred during a high-speed chase.

Jose Maldonado was driving a stolen minivan when he passed an unmarked police car near the intersection of Graham Avenue and Jackson Street on the afternoon of April 27, 2009, according to a recent ruling from the Court of Appeals, New York’s highest court. As Officer Steven Truglio approached the van on foot, Maldonado drove off. Police sped after Maldonado as he ran red lights and went against traffic on one-way streets.

“It is undisputed that defendant consistently drove well above the 30 miles per hour speed limit and violated numerous traffic rules as he attempted to evade capture by the police,” court documents say. “The police followed with lights and sirens activated as defendant drove towards Manhattan Avenue, a major thoroughfare and commercial hub.”

Maldonado drove north on Manhattan Avenue, swerving head-on toward southbound traffic as he passed other drivers. He “did not even apply his brakes” as a pedestrian dove out of his path at Milton Street, and continued running lights and driving in the wrong lane as he approached Manhattan Avenue at India Street, where he hit Violetta Krzyzak.

Her body flew into the air upon impact and landed over 165 feet, or almost one block, away from the point of collision. A witness who saw the moment of impact estimated that defendant was driving at 70 m.p.h., while another bystander thought his speed was closer to 80 m.p.h.

Maldonado “did not brake” after striking Krzyzak. He crashed into parked vehicles five blocks away, at Manhattan Avenue and Dupont Street, and was finally tackled by witnesses when he tried to flee on foot.

Krzyzak, 37, died at the scene. She was married and had a 20-year-old daughter, according to the Greenpoint Gazette.

Graham T. Beck, who came upon the scene the after the crash, wrote a series of stories for Streetsblog with quotes from multiple witnesses who saw the white minivan being chased by police. But weeks later at a community council meeting, Deputy Inspector Dennis Fulton, then the commanding officer of the 94th Precinct, said there was no pursuit.

“At this point it appears as though there was not a high-speed chase,” said Fulton. “To make sure, it’s being investigated by our Internal Affairs Bureau. But it does not appear that anyone was following [the perpetrator].”

Despite Fulton’s denials, Maldonado was charged with two counts of fleeing police, in addition to second degree murder, manslaughter, homicide, grand larceny, and possession of stolen property.

The NYPD Patrol Guide states: “Department policy requires that a vehicle pursuit be terminated whenever the risks to uniformed members of the service and the public outweigh the danger to the community if [the] suspect is not immediately apprehended.” Krzyzak was one of five bystanders killed during NYPD chases, alleged or acknowledged, between February 2009 and June 2010. Drivers in these chases were suspected of crimes ranging from armed robbery to shoplifting cold medicine.

The latest known victim was 4-year-old Ariel Russo, killed in 2013 by a teenager who jumped a curb on the Upper West Side after police tried to stop him for making an illegal turn. To this day, NYPD continues to allow officers to engage in high-speed chases, in apparent violation of department protocol, with no signal from Mayor Bill de Blasio, Police Commissioner Bill Bratton, or the New York City press corps that this conduct should stop.

As first reported by the Village Voice, the Court of Appeals this month reduced the top charge against Jose Maldonado from murder to manslaughter, which carries a lighter sentence. This is a major setback for prosecutors in New York State who pursue cases against killer drivers. We’ll have a full report on the Court of Appeals ruling in the coming days.

Dennis Fulton has since moved on from his post at the 94th Precinct. He was promoted to inspector by former NYPD commissioner Ray Kelly in 2012.

Car Chases: Not Like What You See in the Movies

The aftermath of yesterday’s deadly car chase on Manhattan Avenue. Photo: Graham T. Beck Manhattan Avenue, the bustling main street in my usually quiet Brooklyn neighborhood, became a multi-block crime scene yesterday afternoon when a mini-van driver, reportedly fleeing police at high speed, struck and killed a woman near India Street before crashing into a […]

Alleged Unlicensed Driver Kills Brooklyn Pedestrian While Fleeing Police

@Naparstek @ascottfalk Thanks, we’re on it. — Bill de Blasio (@BilldeBlasio) June 23, 2010 An unlicensed driver fleeing police crashed into another vehicle and killed 21-year-old Dave Jones on a Brooklyn sidewalk Monday, raising questions about whether the officers adhered to NYPD policy on vehicular pursuits. Police pulled over 18-year-old Raymond Ramos near Schenectady Avenue […]


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The greatest gift is the
gift of the teachings
Valerie Mason-John (Vimalasara)'s Dharma Talks at New York Insight Meditation Center
Valerie Mason-John (Vimalasara)
Valerie Mason-John is a playwright and author of eight books. She works as a consultant in conflict transformation, restorative justice, leadership, and anti-bullying. She lives in British Columbia, and is chairperson of Vancouver Buddhist Centre, where she leads a weekly meditation class for people in recovery from addiction.
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the neocon con

Ahmad Chalabi, Proponent of Iraq War and Existence of WMDs, Is Dead

Ahmed Chalabi
Photo: Ali al-Saadi/AFP/Getty Images

Ahmad Chalabi, the Iraqi expat politician who pressed for “regime change” in his home country and was associated with discredited reports of WMDs used to promote America’s decision to invade it, has died at age 71.

We mourn regretfully the death of Dr. Ahmad Chalabi,” Iraqi president Fuad Masum said in a statement. “Chalabi had a pivotal role with many Iraqi leaders in fighting the dictatorship.” At the time of his death, Chalabi was head of the finance committee in the Iraq parliament. He died of heart failure in his home in Baghdad.

Chalabi was born and raised in Baghdad, studied math at MIT, and earned his doctorate at the University of Chicago. He founded the Iraqi National Congress, a coalition of groups supporting the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

Through this, Chalabi, who was known for his charm, formed a decades-long relationship with American officials, opinion leaders, and journalists — especially those with neoconservative sympathies.

But soon after the invasion, after American troops were not welcomed by Iraqis as Chalabi had suggested and the WMD evidence proved elusive, the Bush administration dissociated themselves from him. Jane Mayer’s 2004 New Yorker profile, titled “The Manipulator,” illustrated that moment and how he got there.

Chalabi, a secular Shia Muslim, was also involved with the “de-Ba’athification” effort to remove alleged Saddam supporters from public life, which alienated the Sunni minority and helped lay the groundwork for, among other things, the ISIS insurrection.

In recent years, Chalabi had survived an assassination attempt and aligned himself with a group of radical Shiites leading several violent uprisings in Iraq. In 2006, Dexter Filkins wrote in The New York Times Magazine that “for many in the West, Chalabi has become the personification of all that has gone wrong in Iraq: the lies, the arrogance, the occupation as disaster.”

Ahmad Chalabi, Proponent of Iraq War, Is Dead


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German Of The Day: Nichtstun

That means doing nothing. And nothing is what German students want.

Is genius made from bootstraps or handouts? A university in Germany may answer that question by giving out free money for being lazy. The University of Fine Arts in Hamburg said it’s going to give three people $1,900 “idleness grants.”

I doubt if any new discoveries will be made here. Academics know this already: “Doing nothing isn’t very easy.” But, hey. Somebody has to do it.

The “grant for doing nothing” will be for “active inactivity” as the project studies lack of ambition for research for an exhibition next year on sustainability called The School of Inconsequentiality: Towards A Better Life.

“This scholarship program is not a joke but an experiment with serious intentions — how can you turn a society that is structured around achievements and accomplishments on its head?”

It’s Only One In Five

The Konrad Adenauer Foundation has conducted a survey of 1,106 German academics about free speech and discovered that 20% reject Israel’s existence.

Not all that surprising really, once you consider that a German government study in 2017 found 40% of the population infected with “contemporary antisemitism.” The university folks are just more enlightened, I guess.

“Based on Israel’s policies, I can understand people having something against the Jews.”

Eingeschränkte Wissenschaftsfreiheit in Deutschland? Professoren sehen sich durch Publikationsdruck, teilweise aber auch durch “Political Correctness” gehemmt.

German Of The Day: Unsinn

That means nonsense.

German academics and authors call for end to ‘gender nonsense‘ – .Open letter hits back at demand for more gender-neutral nouns.

A group of German authors, comedians and academics have added fuel to the flames of an increasingly bad-tempered culture war over language bias by calling for a fightback against “ridiculous linguistic constructions” designed to make German more gender-neutral.

“And no one has been bothered by the fact that everything feminine has for 1,000 years been based on the [neuter] word das Weib.”

Germans Now Not Sure If Whistleblowing Is A Scientific Achievement After All

Germans are very precise and proper and legalistic when it comes to, well, when it comes to just about anything you can possibly imagine so it shouldn’t surprise any of us out here all that much that the rector of the German university in Rostock, where academics have voted to award NSA leakmeister Edward Snowden himself an honorary doctorate, is now trying to have the decision reversed, his argument being that Snowden’s actions did not fulfill the the university’s required criteria. Dude, like what a party pooper.

It appears that there is some sticky little detail somewhere in their regulations about honorary doctorates only being allowed for “special academic achievement” and the rector, nitpicky like German rectors are, has now pointed out to everyone that Snowden’s leaking to the media of NSA documents doesn’t wirklich (really) constitute that.

This won’t be the last word on this, of course. But still. And there’s still the Nobel Peace Prize on its way, too. So take a chill pill, people. Your hero will get his honors yet.

Datenübergabe keine wissenschaftliche Leistung

First We Take Leipzig, Then We Take Berlin

That didn’t take long. After planning to introduce “Herr Professorin” or Mr. Madame Professor at the University of Leipzig for both men and women professors, the FU Berlin is now thinking about doing the same.

Did Delta House dump some LSD in the faculty water cooler over here or something?

“All are equal in Leipzig. All women, that is.”

In Leipzig sind jetzt alle gleich, nämlich Frauen. Professoren gibt’s nicht mehr, nur noch Professorinnen, gemeint bleiben damit natürlich auch noch die männlichen Akademiker, die jedoch nur noch in einer Fußnote erwähnt werden.


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VMware CPU Host Info 2.01

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VMware CPU Host Info 2.01

This tools will allow you to read out all CPU information from all your ESX Servers by querying your VC server. It will show what features are available on your CPUs and if they are compatible to vmotion VMs and if FT is supported.

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Logging In

This How-To reflects the process for logging in to any OCF in the Clouds event. If you are not participating in an event the login is much simpler, as it requires no authentication/wristband.

What You’ll Need

  • A Discord Account (for events only)
  • A modestly up to date web browser
  • Headphones
  • Microphone (can be part of your headphones) – optional

Here’s what you’re going to do:

  • Login to the Discord Server
  • Click the Peach Portal
  • You may be asked for your discord credentials
  • Wait for the loading screen to finish
  • Click the red buttons on the bottom of the screen until you land in XavanaduToo
  • (optional) Set your name and avatar from the menu in the upper-left hand corner

Let’s Go

The first thing you need to do is log in to your Discord account. If you don’t have one, here is a tutorial on Getting Started with Discord. Discord is our communication channel. It will help you find your friends, keep our event safer, and connect you with our awesome m8rix Helping Hands crew.

Here is the link to connect to our Discord Server.

Next make your way to The Peach Portal and click on the golden, shimmering peach – it will take you to the Oregon Country Fair in the Clouds.

Logging In to OCF in the Clouds

When you first click The Peach Portal you MAY be:

  • asked to log in to the Discord server.
  • Enter your username and password correctly
  • Authorize Discord to use your microphone and speakers

and you WILL be presented with a loading screen for OCF in the Clouds.

Once OCF in the Clouds is done loading, you’ll be presented with a series of screens asking if you would like to enter the room, if you are using a web browser or VR headset, and if you would like to mute your microphone upon entering.

Click on Enter Room. Don’t mind the silly name at the top. It is a randomly generated name for the room.

Click on Enter on Screen

On this screen you can test your microphone by speaking. If the “talk” button begins to change colors, that is an indication that your microphone is indeed working. Click Enter Now.

You will then be sent to Wind Gate in the Clouds. There you will find a friendly Helping Hand to assist you with any questions you have about navigation and audio. There will be a schedule of shows, and a link to the navigation tutorial. There will also be links to the Venmo and Patreon accounts for the performers.

insert picture of wind gate here

Once you feel good about what you’re doing, you will be directed to enter XavanaduToo. Each instance of XavanaduToo will have the same shows as any other. Each room can hold 50 people, so as they fill up, we will make more rooms. If you want to be in a room with specific people, meet up at Wind Gate in the Clouds and pick a room together. Texting may be helpful here – just like Fair.

You will have arrived. Welcome to XavanaduToo!

Next up Learn How to walk, and fly!, around the Oregon Country Fair in the Clouds! Navigation How-To


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Can development aid enhance the resilience of investment in developing countries?

The current crisis is stretching developing countries’ financing capacities to their limits. Already suffering from rising debt levels and the risk of debt distress, and insufficient domestic and external financing resources, developing countries are now struggling to mitigate the interrelated health, humanitarian and economic effects of the pandemic.

Foreign direct investment during the pandemic: A buffer for jobs?

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a global humanitarian, social and economic crisis. Poverty will rise for the first time since 1998, with hundreds of millions of jobs lost and livelihoods affected. Many of the jobs affected by the pandemic depend on investments and operations of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their buyers and suppliers in global value chains. But foreign direct investment (FDI) is estimated to fall by at least 30% in 2020 – meaning that fewer jobs than expected have been and will be created.


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Open Access

Fig. 5

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Production response at a horizontal well produced through multiple fractures at a constant rate to highlight Flow Regimes 1 and 3; the fracture conductivity is assumed to be infinitely large, CFD ≥ 500. The unbroken lines are the pressure, pwD, and derivative, , responses respectively. Asymptotic solutions corresponding to short and long times, Flow Regime 1 and Flow Regime 3, respectively, are shown as dashed lines. The circles are solutions for a single fracture presented in the manner indicated in equation (58).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.


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Privacy Policy

Duravant LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and each of their directors, officers, employees, and authorized representatives (collectively, “Duravant”) respect your privacy. This Global Privacy Policy describes the types of personal information we collect, how we use the information, with whom we share it, and the choices you can make about our use of the information. We also describe the measures we take to protect the security of the information and how you can contact us about our privacy practices. Our privacy practices may vary among the countries in which we operate to reflect local practices and legal requirements. As used herein, all references to “Web Site” may include, individually, all and/or in any combination, of Duravant’s and our direct and indirect subsidiaries’ web sites and any other website produced, managed and maintained by Duravant. The current list of Duravant websites can be found here. Submitting information is strictly voluntary. By doing so, you are giving Duravant your permission to use the information in accordance with this Global Privacy Policy. If you do not want to give Duravant permission to use your information, simply do not provide it. However, not providing certain information may result in Duravant’s inability to provide you with the information or services you desire.

This policy is global in nature and governs our data protection practices whether we collect your personal information through one of our Web Sites, through application software or through other means. When we collect information about you other than through one of our Web Sites, we will first obtain your informed consent to do so, if and as required by applicable law. However, by using any Duravant Web Site on which this policy is posted, you agree that this policy governs our collection, use, and disclosure of any personal information submitted to us on or through that Web Site. If you do not agree to be bound by this policy, you may not access or use our Web Sites and/or use our application software. If you do agree to be bound by this policy and consent to the submission of your personal information you may withdraw such consent at any time by contacting Duravant’s Data Protection Officer as described in this policy.

Duravant collects information about you from various sources. For example, we may have a direct relationship with you, and you may choose to provide personal information to us in connection with that relationship. You may choose to submit information to us, for example, on our Web Sites, in connection with use of our products, services or applications software, when you participate in an offer or promotion, or in connection with an actual or potential business or employment relationship with us. We also may obtain information about you from companies that use our products or services, publicly available information systems, consumer reporting agencies, and commercial information services. The types of personal information we may obtain are:

  • Contact information (such as name, postal or e-mail address, and phone or fax number)
  • Business contact information (such as job title, department and name of organization, business address, e-mail address, mobile telephone number)
  • Country of origin information (from which country you are accessing the Web Site)
  • Usernames and passwords used to access Duravant resources
  • Financial information (such as financial account information used for payment purposed and/or information that may be contained in a consumer report)
  • Contact information for referrals or other individuals you would like us to contact
  • Content you provide (such as photographs, articles and comments)
  • Employment information (such as employment history, employee number, performance appraisals, salary and benefits)
  • Mobile device unique identifier
  • Social Media identifier (such as Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter Identification)
  • Geo-location data
  • Other information (such as language preference)

We also collect certain information by automated means. For example, we collect information that is sent to us automatically by your Web browser when you visit our Web Sites, or though applications software that you have downloaded. This information typically includes your IP address, the identity of your Internet service provider, the name and version of your operating system, the name and version of your browser, the date and time of your visit, the pages you visit, your location and your mobile device unique identifier. We also use “cookies” and other Web technologies to collect information and support certain features of our Web Sites. For example, we may use these technologies to collect information about the ways visitors use this Site—which pages they visit, which links they use, and how long they stay on each page. The information we collect from your Web browser and from cookies and other Web technologies does not identify you personally but in some cases we may link it to personally identifiable information.

We may use the information we obtain about you to:

  • provide the information, products and services you request;
  • provide you, if you are a consumer, with effective customer service;
  • provide our customers and carriers with shipment information such as location;
  • provide you with a personalized experience when you use our Web sites;
  • contact you with special offers and other information we believe will be of interest to you (in accordance with any privacy preferences you have expressed to us);
  • contact you with information and notices related to your use of our products and services, including our Web sites;
  • invite you to participate in surveys and provide feedback to us (in accordance with any privacy preferences you have expressed to us);
  • better understand your needs and interests;
  • improve our products and services and develop new products and services;
  • improve our marketing and promotional efforts;
  • improve the content, functionality and usability of the Web sites;
  • evaluate your interest in employment and contact you regarding possible employment with Duravant
  • help you, if you are a Duravant employee, perform your job functions and to manage our workforce;
  • enforce our Web sites’ terms of use;
  • promote compliance with applicable legal requirements, industry standards, and corporate policies;
  • promote security; to protect against and prevent fraud, claims and other liabilities; and to manage corporate risk exposure; and
  • use for any other purpose about which we provide notice at the time of collection.

We store the personal information we collect about you until we determine that we have no further use for such information.

We do not disclose personal information we collect about you, except as described herein or otherwise disclosed to you at the time the data is collected.

We share information to perform activities that you request. For example, we may share the personal information we collect with our affiliates, or to cooperate with an authorized law enforcement or regulatory investigation.

If you are performing services directly or indirectly for us and using an application provided by us, then we may collect information for the purpose of providing information to our carriers and customers.

We may also share your personal information with third-party vendors that perform tasks on our behalf and under our instruction. These third-party vendors may use your personal information only in connection with the services they perform on our behalf and they are bound to protect your personal information in a manner consistent with our own policies and practices.

On our Web Sites, you may have an opportunity to post user-generated content using social networking tools available on those sites. If you take advantage of this opportunity, remember that the user-generated content you post is available to others who visit the Web Site and therefore you should have no expectation of privacy with respect to such content. In addition, you may choose to use certain features on our Web Sites for which we partner with other entities. These features, which may include social networking and geographic location tools, are operated by third parties that are not affiliated with Duravant. These third parties may use personal information in accordance with their own privacy policies. On sites on which these features are offered, the relevant third parties are identified. We strongly suggest you review the third parties’ privacy policies if you use the relevant features.

We may also disclose information about you when we, in good faith, believe disclosure is appropriate to comply with the law, a court order, or a subpoena. We may also disclose information about you to prevent or investigate a possible crime, such as fraud or identity theft; to protect the security of our Web Sites; to enforce or apply our Web Sites’ terms of use or other agreements; or to protect our own rights or property or the rights, property or safety of our users or others.

We also reserve the right to transfer information about you to a successor organization if, for example, we transfer the ownership or operation of one of our Web Sites to another organization or if we merge with another organization. If such a transfer occurs, we will use reasonable efforts to direct the transferee to use personal information you have provided to us in a manner consistent with this policy. Following such a sale or transfer, you may contact the entity to which we transferred your personal information with any inquiries concerning the processing of that information.

You may have certain rights regarding the personal information we maintain about you. We offer you certain choices about what personal information we collect from you, how we use that information, and how we communicate with you.

You may refrain from submitting information directly to us, although doing so may impact our ability to provide the products, services, and information you request and/or affect your ability to use applications software.

You may elect not to have a unique cookie identification number assigned to your computer to avoid aggregation and analysis of data collected on our Web Sites. Generally, if you do not wish to receive cookies, you may set your browser to reject cookies or to alert you when a cookie is placed on your computer. Although you are not required to accept cookies when you visit our Web Sites, you may be unable to use all of the functionality of our sites if your browser rejects our cookies.

We typically offer you an opportunity to choose whether you want to receive certain communications from us, generally by offering an “opt in” or an “opt out,” depending on applicable law, when you first provide contact information through one of our Web Sites. In addition, we will include an “unsubscribe” link in each electronic newsletter or promotional e-mail we send you, so that you can inform us that you do not wish to receive such communications from us in the future.

When accepting the terms of use/end user license agreement for applications software, you must opt in to collection of data from your mobile device in order for the applications software to work properly.

If you are located in the European Economic Area or Switzerland, these jurisdictions define personal information more broadly than in the United States. Personal data for purposes of these jurisdictions means any information relating to an identified or identifiable person. You may direct us not to share your personal data with third parties, except (i) with service providers we have retained to perform services on our behalf, (ii) in the event we sell or transfer all or a portion of our business or assets, (iii) if disclosure is required by law or legal process, (iv) with law enforcement authorities or other government officials, or (v) when we believe disclosure is necessary or appropriate to prevent physical harm or financial loss, or in connection with an investigation of suspected or actual fraud or other illegal activity. If you are located in the European Economic Area or Switzerland, we use your personal data only for the purposes indicated in this policy unless we have a legal basis, such as consent, to use it for other purposes. Where required by law, Duravant obtains your prior opt-in consent at the time of collection for the processing of (i) personal data for marketing purposes and (ii) personal data deemed sensitive pursuant to applicable law.

Subject to applicable law, you may have the right to request access to and receive information about the personal data we maintain about you, update and correct inaccuracies in your personal data, and have the information blocked or deleted, as appropriate. We will respond to such requests within a reasonable time and, in any case, within the time limits established by applicable law. We may ask you for additional information to verify your identity. In most cases, we will provide access and correct or delete any inaccurate information you discover. In some cases, however, we may limit or deny your request if the law permits or requires us to do so or if we are unable to verify your identify.

To update your preferences, ask us to remove your information from our mailing lists or submit a request, please contact us as specified below.

We may transfer the personal data we collect about you to countries other than the country in which the information was originally collected. Those countries may not have the same data protection laws as the country in which you initially provided the information. When we transfer your information to other countries, we will protect that information as described in this policy.

If you are located in the European Economic Area or Switzerland, we comply with applicable legal requirements providing adequate protection for the transfer of personal information to countries outside of the EEA or Switzerland. Duravant has certified that it abides by the Privacy Shield as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce regarding the collection, storage, use, transfer, and other processing of personal data transferred from the EEA or Switzerland to the United States. Click here to view our Privacy Shield Policy. For more information about the Privacy Shield, visit

The Duravant entities found here may process personal data provided from the Websites and jurisdictions outside of the United States and/or may be considered the responsible party or Controller under your local law.

Duravant maintains reasonable and appropriate measures to protect Data Subjects from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosures, alterations and destruction taking in to account the risk involved in the processing and the nature of Personal Data. Unfortunately, no site, server or database is completely secure or “hacker proof.” We therefore cannot guarantee that information about you will not be disclosed, misused or lost by accident or by the unauthorized acts of others.

Unless otherwise noted on a particular site, our Web Sites are not intended for children under the age of thirteen years without the permission of a parent or guardian. If you believe that a child has submitted personally identifiable information on or through our Web Sites without the consent and supervision of a parent or guardian, please contact us using the information provided below so that we can take appropriate action.

Our Web Sites may provide links to other sites for your convenience and information. These sites may operate independently from Duravant. Linked sites may have their own privacy notices or policies, which we strongly suggest you review. In addition, a link to a non-Duravant site does not mean that Duravant endorses or accepts any responsibility for the content, or the use, of such site. It is up to you to take precautions to ensure that whatever you select for your use is free of such items as viruses, worms, Trojan horses and other items of a destructive nature. Duravant is not liable for the privacy practices or the content of other sites and to the extent any linked sites you visit are not owned or controlled by Duravant, we are not responsible for the sites’ content, any use of the sites, or the privacy practices of the sites.

This Policy describes Duravant’s current data protection policies and practices. We reserve the right to update it periodically to reflect changes in those policies and practices. When we do, we will provide notice to you in accordance with any legal obligation to do so and post the revised version behind the link marked “Global Privacy Policy” at the bottom of each page of our Web Sites. We will also indicate at the top of the policy when it was most recently updated.

If you have any questions or comments about this policy, or if you would like us to update information we have about you or your preferences, you may contact us using the information below. Please make all inquiries or requests regarding your information in English so we can respond to and resolve requests.

Corporate Data Protection Officer
Duravant, LLC
3500 Lacey Road, Suite 290
Downers Grove, Illinois 60515
United States
Tel. 630.635.3910

Duravant has further committed to refer unresolved privacy complaints under the EU-US Privacy Shield Principles and Swiss-US Privacy Shield Principles to an independent recourse mechanism, BBB EU PRIVACY SHIELD, operated by the Council of Better Business Bureaus (“BBB”). If you do not receive timely acknowledgment of your complaint, or if your complaint is not satisfactorily addressed by Duravant, please visit for more information and to file a complaint at no cost to you.

In addition to the above dispute resolution mechanisms, Data Subjects may invoke binding arbitration if their complaint is not resolved by the BBB or by the Department of Commerce after referral from the relevant data protection authority in the EEA or Switzerland. For more information about binding arbitration, visit

Pursuant to the Privacy Shield, Duravant remains liable for the transfer of personal data to third parties acting as our agents unless we can prove we were not a party to the events giving rise to the damages.

Duravant is subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the Federal Trade Commission.

Effective May 25, 2018


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Nicole Richie is ready to start wedding plans

Simple Life star Nicole Richie has revealed that she is ready to start planning her wedding.

Nicole Richie, who confirmed her engagement to Joel Madden in February, explained,  that she hasn´t had a chance to organise the ceremony yet.

Speaking on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, she said: “I´ ve been on the road. I just got home, and so it´ s really going to be now that´ s the time for me to sit down and think about what I want.” However, Nicole Richie added, that the couple has not set a date for the wedding, explaining: ” Not yet but soon!”

Richie & Madden have a 2-year-old daughter Harlow and a six-month old son Sparrow.

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Joel MaddenNicole Richie

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