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Maximizing Digital Multimeter Productivity

Fri, 12/14/2012 - 10:24am
Jerry Janesch, Senior Market Development Manager for DMM Products and Dale Cigoy, Lead Applications Engineer, Keithley Instruments Inc., Cleveland

Choosing the right DMM for testing applications requires a closer look at its measurement capabilities and characteristics.

click to enlarge
Figure 1. 10 steps to selecting a DMM. Source: Keithley Instruments Inc.

Selecting the most appropriate digital multimeter (DMM) for a specific application requires analyzing both the device under test (DUT) and the test environment, then answering ten key questions on measurement functions and performance requirements (Figure 1).

The device under test
First, analyze the DUT and required measurements. A typical five-function DMM measures direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) volts, DC and AC currents, and two-wire resistances (ohms). However, many available instruments include four-wire resistance, temperature, frequency, period, and capacitance, as well as diode and continuity test functions, without a higher price tag.

The DMM's measurement range must span the expected minimum and maximum test signals. At the low end, the DC noise specification is critical. If the noise floor is higher than the signal to be measured, it will be necessary either to slow down measurements to employ noise reduction techniques or choose a DMM with a lower range and noise. At the high end, the maximum allowable input might include specifications for a volt-hertz product limitation or a time limit on AC signals.

Three factors define DMM performance more than any others. Accuracy is a measurement's degree of conformity to a standard or true value, usually specified as a percent of reading plus a percent of range (or a number of counts of the least significant digit). It may also be specified in parts per million (ppm). Accuracy is also specified over a period of time—for example: 24 hours, 90 days, or 1 year—and within a temperature window—typically 1 C or 5 C around room temperature, with deratings for temperatures outside those ranges.

Resolution is the smallest portion of a signal that can be measured or displayed, for example, one digit out of 20,000 on a 4-1/2-digit display. The resolution of the display is the ratio of the smallest count to the maximum count.

Sensitivity is the smallest change of the measured signal the instrument can detect. It depends on both resolution and the lowest measurement range of the instrument. For example, the sensitivity of a 5-1/2-digit DMM on the 200 mV range is 1 mV.

For testing high-impedance devices, a DMM might not be the optimum solution. DMMs generally have 10 mega-ohms to 10 giga-ohms input resistance. If the DUT is susceptible to device self-heating when measuring its resistance, the ability to control the level of test current on each range is important. For contact-resistance measurements, dry circuit testing may be necessary, which limits test voltage to prevent disturbing the oxidation on the contacts.

The test environment
Although DMMs are still widely used in benchtop applications, a variety of interconnect options are available for system integration. For example, Keithley's Model 2110 DMM (Figure 2) offers engineers a USB 2.0 interface and an optional general purpose interface bus (GPIB) for external personal computer control via Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) test commands. LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, Texas), IVI-C, and IVI-COM drivers enable integration of the DMM into test systems. Front panel thermocouple inputs facilitate connections of popular temperature measurement sensors.

A DMM's specifications for normal mode rejection ratio (NMRR) and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) indicate its noise susceptibility. Typical values for NMRR and CMRR are greater than 60 dB and greater than 120 dB, respectively. The amount of noise that emanates for the DMM itself is especially critical when measuring low signal levels. Common EMI standards, including the European Union Directive 89/336/EEC, FCC part 15 class B, and IEC 801-2 will specify compliance levels.

Measurement speed is critical in production environments because it's a major determinant of throughput. It's usually stated as readings per second for a specific level of resolution. A variety of other factors can also affect throughput.

Many DMMs today have programmable resolution levels, which simplifies tradeoffs between speed and accuracy. The integration period—the window of time in which a signal is sampled by the A/D converter—is often expressed in number of power line cycles (NPLCs). NPLCs that are integer multiples (1, 5, 10, etc.) can reduce the most common type of normal mode noise, that of 50/60 Hz line pickup. The larger the value of N, the greater the line noise reduction, but the longer the measurement takes to complete.

General-purpose DMMs, like Keithley's Model 2110 Dual-Display Digital Multimeter, typically offer the flexibility needed to handle a broad variety of test and measurement applications. Image: Keithley Instruments Inc.Digital filtering—or the number of A/D conversions averaged for each reading—stabilizes noisy readings, but slows measurements.

When autozero is activated, the DMM measures internal voltages to maintain stability and accuracy as temperature changes over time; but doing so too frequently will affect the reading rate. It may be possible to disable this function, just perform it periodically, or program the DMM to do so only during the test fixture's unload/load cycle to increase throughput.

Other speed specifications that can affect system throughput include the range changing speed, autorange time, and function changing rate. Trigger latency can also affect system throughput. Hardware triggers are typically faster than software triggers. Some DMMs have a special microprocessor just for triggers that can shorten trigger latency considerably. Settling time (or response time) is another speed specification to consider, especially when testing high-impedance devices.

Fast, accurate switching is particularly crucial in a production test environment where hundreds or thousands of devices must be tested each work shift. A growing number of system builders are turning to DMMs that offer the simplicity of a built-in switch mainframe. Newer models can support hundreds of multiplexer channels or thousands of matrix crosspoints.

Other useful features
Some functions and features are helpful when building larger systems:

  • Faster and simpler hardware triggering to reduce testing time.
  • An internal data buffer.
  • Measurement limit testing and digital I/O for binning DUTs without controller intervention.
  • Additional display capabilities. Some new DMMs can show the results from two measurements simultaneously, such as DC voltage and temperature.
  • Built-in mathematical functions such as percentage, average, min/max, null, limits, mX+B, dB, and dBm.

Total cost of ownership
A DMM's overall cost of ownership can be much higher than the purchase price. Startup costs, including programming, system integration, and training can be significant. Downtime and shipping costs for recalibration processes, availability of spare units, and warranties should be calculated in the total costs.

Modern DMMs offer a wide range of accuracy, resolution, speed, and special features, and can often prove to be the most cost-effective solutions. However, for low-level signals or high-source resistances, more specialized instruments such as nanovoltmeters, picoammeters, electrometers, or source measurement units may be better choices.

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Engineers boost computer processor performance by over 20%

Tue, 02/07/2012 - 4:23am

Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique that allows graphics processing units (GPUs) and central processing units (CPUs) on a single chip to collaborate—boosting processor performance by an average of more than 20%.

"Chip manufacturers are now creating processors that have a 'fused architecture,' meaning that they include CPUs and GPUs on a single chip," says Huiyang Zhou, PhD, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering who co-authored a paper on the research. "This approach decreases manufacturing costs and makes computers more energy efficient. However, the CPU cores and GPU cores still work almost exclusively on separate functions. They rarely collaborate to execute any given program, so they aren't as efficient as they could be. That’s the issue we’re trying to resolve."

GPUs were initially designed to execute graphics programs, and they are capable of executing many individual functions very quickly. CPUs, or the "brains" of a computer, have less computational power—but are better able to perform more complex tasks.

"Our approach is to allow the GPU cores to execute computational functions, and have CPU cores pre-fetch the data the GPUs will need from off-chip main memory," Zhou says.

"This is more efficient because it allows CPUs and GPUs to do what they are good at. GPUs are good at performing computations. CPUs are good at making decisions and flexible data retrieval."

In other words, CPUs and GPUs fetch data from off-chip main memory at approximately the same speed, but GPUs can execute the functions that use that data more quickly. So, if a CPU determines what data a GPU will need in advance, and fetches it from off-chip main memory, that allows the GPU to focus on executing the functions themselves—and the overall process takes less time.

In preliminary testing, Zhou's team found that its new approach improved fused processor performance by an average of 21.4%.

This approach has not been possible in the past, Zhou adds, because CPUs and GPUs were located on separate chips.

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WINA drops show over autism cracks

WINA decided to remove the Savage Nation.

After comments blasting autism as just another over-diagnosed American problem, controversial radio personality Michael Savage has been dumped by a Charlottesville station. And for at least one local talk-radio host, the dismissal of "The Savage Nation" comes none too soon.

"As the father of a six-year-old boy who has been diagnosed with autism," says WINA personality Coy Barefoot, "I was outraged. He clearly is spreading what I know to be outright lies about autism."

"I'll tell you what autism is," Savage boomed in his July 16 broadcast. "In 99 percent of the cases, it's a brat who hasn't been told to cut the act out. That's what autism is. What do you mean they scream and they're silent? They don't have a father around to tell them, 'Don't act like a moron. You'll get nowhere in life. Stop acting like a putz. Straighten up. Act like a man. Don't sit there crying and screaming, idiot.'"

"Quite honestly, it came down to common decency," says WINA program director Rick Daniels. "Although he was trying to make a bigger point, he didn't clarify it at all. We took into account our listeners and some feedback we've gotten, and we wanted to do what was best for our community."

While Savage's syndicator, Talk Radio Network, found the comments merely "inartful," Media Matters, a D.C.-based organization "dedicated to correcting conservative misinformation" agrees with WINA that the comments were out of line.

"I think he and the people who use the airwaves have an ethical responsibility not to be lying and not to be so hatefully offensive that they cause this much controversy," says Ben Fishel, a spokesperson for Media Matters.

However, Charlottesville resident and long-time "Savage Nation" listener Linda McRaven disagrees. "Media Matters is looking for bombs," says McRaven. "They're not really valid critics."

McRaven says that she's a fan of Savage because of his fearlessness. "I call him a flame-thrower because he's so passionate about what he feels," she says. "He pulls no punches, and I really admire that. We are entirely too politically correct, and he just says what he thinks. In my opinion, a lot of things he says are right on."

Both Aflac Insurance and Home Depot have reportedly pulled their sponsorships of his show in reaction to Savage's comments, but according to Daniels, none of WINA's local advertisers had made such a move–- or even any comment–- by the time of Savage's removal.

Fishel is especially baffled by the way Savage's comments might come across to parents of autistic children.

"Disciplining your child can cure autism?" he asks. "That is absurdly false and hateful, especially to these parents who have committed their whole lives to children with special needs."

"Where do we draw the line with what is done with our public airwaves?" asks Barefoot. "What's next, these kids with cancer should get up and walk it off?"

On his afternoon program "Charlottesville, Right Now," Barefoot played excerpts of the controversial comments and shared his perspective. But the decision to remove Savage was the program director's, not his.

"I think they did the right thing," Barefoot says, noting that since Savage's removal, WINA has received emails from around the country applauding the action.

In an email of his own, Savage tells the Hook, "The drug companies are very powerful and have worked very hard to silence any voice critical of the misdiagnosis of our children and the drugging of vulnerable minds. Sad the station manager is such an ignorant man.

Daniels says he has received what he called "overwhelmingly positive" reactions to the ouster, and only a handful of complaints, most of which he characterizes as freedom of speech concerns.

"There are hundreds of syndicated talk shows out there," says Daniels, "and each one has the right to be heard, but we can't run them all. We pick the best ones for Charlottesville, our listeners, and the community."

On WINA–- at 1070 AM–- Savage's program has been replaced with David Ramsey, who deals with get-out-of-debt and money management issues. "I think just about all of us," Daniels says, "could use good financial advice these days."

Savage added in his email that Charlottesville listeners could soon continue to hear his program on a station "across the street," though Julian Hudson, Talk Radio Network's affiliate director, could not confirm that any Charlottesville station is poised to pick up "The Savage Nation." Dennis Mockler, general manager of Monticello Media, the other major radio group in Charlottesville, says his stations have no plans to pick up the show.

WINA was looking for a reason to dump Savage for awhile. He didn't come on until 8 most nights, and was pre-empted for anything and everything. I hope 1260 picks up the show.

Good riddance of some really putrid garbage. No excuses or defense for him or his outright and unapologetic racism and bigotry.

Free speech has nothing to do with it. Savage has all the right in the world to stand on his corner and spew his filth, but he has no Constitutionally protected right to do it over the public's airwaves. If that were the case, then we could all sue Clear Channel for our three-hour time slot.

And I find it ironic that the same man who claims his "freedom of speech" is being violated is the one who would have what he brands as "liberal" or left-leaning journalists and politicians deported. I guess it's only free when it's Savage speaking.

Way to go to your programming director! So many company executives just want to minimize things to avoid controversy. As a Mom of an aspergers daughter, I just want to say thanks and keep up the fight for all our kids afflicted with this lifelong disability.

It is about time that WINA gets some balls. Spewing has no place in radio and that is exactly what exists at WINA. From Rob Schilling to Savage, it is just plain irresponsible.

his is an appropriate move. I hope program directors across the nation will follow suit. Savage's show is second only to Limbaugh's in audience size. But, just as Rush has time and again been shown to be a less than honest and less than stellar person (I recall his rant on Michael J. Fox and his Parkinson's disease), Savage should be left with declining ad revenue and an audience comprised of fools who will believe what he says. I challenge any program director anywhere to defend keeping Savage on the air for any other reason than a lousy buck.

THANK YOU FOR SHOWING DECENCY AND COURAGE!! Good riddance to hate radio and Savage ignorance.

I have a saying, Autism is not contagious but ignorance is. It is a shame to know that one individual who has the power of voice through radio uses it so wastefully. Autism is a brain development disorder which is not "over diagnosed" or "made up". Over the last five years Autism has finally been made aware to the public. We are now being educated on the disorder and yet there are still people who are just plain ignorant to the reality that we have an epidemic and that simple understanding and knowledge would be greatly appreciated to the parents who are having to raise these children. It angers me that individuals who have the power of voice do not use it in a more positive manner. I bet Savage would think differently if he were personally connected to someone with Autism. I am glad to see that he is now out of a job. Maybe he could use his spare time educating himself instead of running off at the mouth trying to make a dollar.

Savage is what he looks like; a sneering fat slob, mouthing off.
I say shut him up, but good.

Only thing that distinguishs him from a windbag barfly hollering over a pint,is that he is hollering over a microphone, inexplicably placed in front of him, -inexplicable as in; WHY?

Like a bouncer must do with idiots that don't know when to shut up, he was 'escorted from the premises.'

Problem is, there are many, many idiots like him. It could be said that, if it weren't for the hordes of mental midgets like him populating offices of power and media, the real solution to autism wouldn't be suppressed like it has.

Remember, never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups. Case in point? Bush was elected. TWICE.

Savage is savagely stuuupid. Hit him with a shovel.
It would be an improvement, however temporary and unsatisfying.

I'm so glad they got rid of this hate-monger!!!I'm all for freedom of speech, but there's alot of people who believe everything they hear from someone like him. We parents have enough trouble dealing with the public. Our kids look "normal". I don't know how many times we've almost got in fights almost because people think you want their 2 cents. My son used to be terrified to get his hair cut. No one understands that. We had to literally hold him down. There would always be some person saying "all he needs is a good butt whoopin, blah,blah,blah." My husband corrected him right away of course. But with ignorant lie-spewing media people, it's going to get worse instead of better.

I'm glad my radio has a dial that allows me to change stations. Maybe people that don't like Savage should practice using their knobs. pun intended

People are just looking for an excuse to get rid of Michael Savage.
I have twin boys one which was diagnosed with autism. My husband and I have learned the more we are firm with our son on discipline and spend a lot of time teaching him ourselves (no daycare) and mom is a stay at home mom. He has advanced much faster. He always would take the easy was out for learning (If it was hard he would cry) until we spent hours teaching him one on one. And let him know that behavior is unexceptable. Now he is reading, writing talking like children his own age. These children need a lot of love, one on one attention, and you'd be surprise how much knowledge they have you have to push them!!! Remember we are the parents, don't let your kids control you!!!!!! Was my sons diagnosis correct or was it the love and discipline that worked.

THANK YOU for getting rid of that twit about time let just hope that wrva opens their eyes finally about that idiot & gives him the boot

Good for you!!!!!!!! Thank you for standing up for our kids.

It's about time.

Michael Savage is the knife through the heart of the adage "the answer to too much free speech is more free speech." He turns that into "the answer to too much child molestation is more child molestation," or "the answer to too much air pollution is more air pollution."

Savage lies because he gets joy from lying, and insults unfairly and cruelly anyone he needs to feel is below him, especially the sick and injured. His entire life is a campaign to encourage morons to believe they are right and the educated and intelligent among us wrong.

And he does it all intentionally, for pride of ego and for money. He dreams himself the one-eyed man abusing the blind.

The answer requires more than "change the station." Why is this monster given a nation-wide teaching role on a medium where his rants are perceived by his level of listeners to be endorsed?

Endorsed by the FCC (which the unwashed believe controls what can be broadcast), endorsed by we, the people (who own the broadcast channels, we're constantly told) and endorsed by the local power structure of retailers through sponsorship on the local station. That last endorsement is true, of course. No one puts his advertising on "The Hitler Hour" at random or by mistake.

Anyone who sponsors Michael Savage or Rush Limbaugh believes in what they spew, and wants everyone to believe it. And so do the owners of the station.

As to the writer of "Dr's said he was autistic" who wants to know if the kid was mid-diagnosed, the people who research these conditions would say yes, almost certainly mis-diagnosed. Autism isn't a broken arm that shows in an x-ray. It's complex, mimics other things, has light-medium-heavy degrees, and is elusive to diagnose.

So if the condition is cured by taking the steps you did, your twin didn't have a serious case of autism. Read up on autism by writers with experience and you'll learn what caring, loving treatment can and cannot do with this disease.

As a broacaster and also as a Mom of a teenage boy with Asperger's Syndrome, I am thrilled that people in positions of power are taking a stand!

We cannot remain silent when we need to speak the truth. I don't want to even say his name...but those who speak evil need to be called out. And not continually rewarded.

In a post 9/11 world, to do otherwise is unthinkable.

from wikipedia:

Many people¢Ã¢â??Â¬”particularly if their lives are negatively affected by autism¢Ã¢â??Â¬”disagree with the aims of the autism rights movement, saying that the movement overstates the gifts associated with autism, which could jeopardize funding for research and treatment.[6] Many parents of children with autism say that the notion of "positive living with autism" has little relevance to them, and that autism rights are for "the high-functioning autistics and Aspies who make up the bulk of the movement".[6] Many parents say that behavioral therapy provides help in caring for children who are sometimes aggressive and that autism exacts a toll on the entire family.[1]

Curing autism is a controversial and politicized issue. What some call the "autistic community" has splintered into several strands. Many seek a cure for autism¢Ã¢â??Â¬”sometimes dubbed as pro-cure. Many others consider a cure unnecessary or unethical.

As a parent of a child diagnosed with autism, I thank you for having the courage and decency to remove this man's "show" from your programming. What I hope people realize is that while Savage makes his hurtful and ignorant comments, he has the gift of sounding reasonable and informed, which makes him a dangerous man.

People need to be smart enough so that before they adopt someone's opinion as fact, they know the truth or are strong enough to find the truth. Do any of Savage's loyal "followers" question him about what experience he has with children with autism? Is he basing his comments on the fact that he has a sibling who is mentally disabled? Why? Because all disabled people look/act/are the same?

writers cannot cure autism and it's not as easy as a broken arm to cure. My son never spoke I never got to experience the cute babbling sounds babies do. We thought he was deaf but no as he got older the tantrums got worse, he never slept, banging his head, lining everything up, flapping his arms (hands), not looking at us in our eyes when we made sounds or speak to him. We went to a very thought of hospital that was doing research on autism who was doing research on autism (they used my son for research). We then we went to many doctors seeking help. No one could help they just wanted to give medicine (he got worse). I could go on and on how bad it was. It wasn't until my husband and I took control of our son and did our own research on vitamins, food allergies, remedies, EEG and the most important love and discipline. We then had a HUGE break through. We were finally talking, listening, reading, writing and all tantrums stopped and finally we were sleeping all night and no more diapers! (I'm not talking about a normal age in diapers 9 years old and up)
My son was diagnosed with TRUE AUTISM by many professionals that were well known in their profession. We went as far as brain scans to see if we could find a cure for autism. I do not believe 1 in every 150 children are diagnosed with autism. When I was seeking a school for my son I went to many schools that were for severe handicap children and or autistic. There was only 1 or 2 children in these classrooms that couldn't speak and had the true signs of autism the rest were very well spoken children and well advanced. They just might have been slow in learning but not autistic. So please do not criticize anyone until you live in their shoes. And I'm not talking about Michael Savage. I know what he was trying to say. He is tired of the misdiagnosis of children and the heavy meds they are put on and I couldn't agree more. Since it happened to me!

Finally. Get that windbag blowhard off the air. Whatever reason you want to use.

He is pure scum!!!! I am glad he is gone.

Anybody with a brain knows that Michael Savage is an idiot. I am a parent of an Austic boy. Until you have experienced it you dont know what is all about. You have to see the blank stare for some of the children. In our case it is seeing his fear of havig his hair wsahed or seeing him hiding from a mad face on thomas the train.LOts of LOVE helps to reach him. So Michael why don't you go crawl back under the rock that you came out from under.

It would appear that Mr. Savage has not had the privilege of being around an autistic child. My 10 year old grandson was diagnosed at the age of 28 months. He had met all the milestones of walking, talking etc. Then we noticed the withdrawal and not looking at us, silence, flapping, all the hallmark signs. His hearing was tested, could hear fine. Had him evaluated by an Early Intervention program and he started the program at 21/2 years old. He is now ten and we have seen wonderful progress, he can read, language skills are not up to a "normal" level, but Mr. Savage can never know the joy of being a part of such a unique persons life. He does receive appropriate discipline which, by the way, if Mr. Savage had done some research, he would know that a communication system with each individual child helps in discipline. Our doctor put the whole thing in perspective for us by telling us, that an autistic person's brain must be sort of like a display of thousands of Christmas lights in your head all at once and you can't sort all the messages your receiving. Apparently Mr Savage must have only one light!


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SHELF LIFE-What's going on? Suskind wants hard truths

The One Percent Doctrine

By Ron Suskind

367 pages, $27

Simon & Schuster

"Whenever the people are well-informed, they can be trusted with their own government."– Thomas Jefferson

It's not surprising that the epigraph to Ron Suskind's new nonfiction bestseller, The One Percent Doctrine, is a quote from the sage of Monticello. A UVA alum (class of '81), Suskind has fashioned his career as a journalist after the ideal of a free press– dogged, independent, dynamic– that Jefferson found so important to self-government.

On Friday, June 23, Suskind spoke to a full house at the Miller Center of Public Affairs on the subjects addressed in the book: the complex challenges the U.S. continues to face in this new kind of war, the new attitudes and measures being adopted by government officials to ensure national security– and, most importantly, the social and cultural implications of these changes.

Before he began his talk in earnest, Suskind mused about the valuable lessons he said he learned as a college student. Without a trace of irony, he presented the audience with another quote that has stayed in mind: "For here we are not afraid to follow truth wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate any error so long as reason is left free to combat it." incidentally, also the mission statement of the Cavalier Daily, UVA's student newspaper.

Even the burden of an insider's knowledge and experience, it seems, cannot erase the memory of an impassioned idealism. But it can certainly temper it.

In the book, Suskind illustrates the details of the months leading up to and following the attacks of September 11, 2001. He includes some uncomfortable and politically contentious facts in his account: this is the most secretive administration to date; plans for an invasion of Iraq began long before September 11, 2001; only a small coterie of top government officials are aware of the military's many covert projects.

No matter how one receives Suskind's version of the truth, no one can deny his credibility in the media establishment. A reporter for eight years with the Wall Street Journal, he has been called by the New York Observer "a genuine insider." In 1995 he won the Pulitzer Prize for feature writing.

The title of the new book, The One Percent Doctrine, refers to a statement by Vice President Richard Cheney in private conversation, which indicates a new outlook on the part of administration officials. The relevant quote is given in the first part of the book: "If there's a 1% chance that Pakistani scientists are helping al-Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of our response. It's not about our analysis... It's about our response."

In other words, even top officials are plagued by doubt and uncertainty. Consequently, our leaders are acting swiftly and aggressively-– on mere suspicion. The subtext of the book, and what was implied throughout Suskind's talk at the Miller Center, is "We cannot separate the personality [of our leaders] from the policy." This, Suskind believes, is cause for concern.

In illustrating how this "real war on terror" plays out in government practice and procedure, Suskind makes a distinction between the main players, between the invisibles (the men and women in the various agencies and organizations who are actually fighting the fight) and the notables (those, like Bush and Cheney and Tenet, who are the figureheads).

 "To understand America's actual response to 9/11," Suskind claims in the Preface, "you have to talk to both groups, and hear them talk to each other, an often tense dialogue."

As he made clear in his talk, Suskind's intention is to get the facts straight, to inform the uninformed about what is actually going on-– so that "they [the American people] can be trusted with their own government."

One would not necessarily need to know that to appreciate his effort. The book reads like a John Grisham novel, with vivid characters and structure built on a strong, linear narrative. As Suskind himself describes it, "The so-called ‘war on terror' is about unlikely twists, strange alliances, about things you least expect."

As gripping as the story is, there's no glossing the facts or hard truths. "This is a harrowing time," Suskind said frankly to the Miller Center audience. And there was something more than just his loyalty to the Jeffersonian ideal that made him believable.


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Spurs Tinkering With Their Post Problems

AP Photo

Andrew Bynum nearly outrebounded the Spurs by himself in the Lakers’ easy win over San Antonio last week. Spurs coach Gregg Popovich countered in Tuesday’s rematch by starting his two best big-men defenders: Tiago Splitter and Tim Duncan.

The two barely played together last season, Splitter’s first in the NBA after emerging as one of the best players in Europe. But Popovich had paired them for about 108 minutes this season as of mid-February – two months and 25 games ago. It seemed like a signal that Popovich was ready to at least experiment with the Splitter/Duncan duo as a way to address the Spurs’ largest alleged weakness: the lack of a good secondary big-man defender next to Duncan, and a resulting inability to defend teams with two behemoth post...

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Justice Is Served

September 11, 2009 6:05 PM

Tressel puts season at risk against USC

Style doesn’t count. If it did, Ohio State coach Jim Tressel would be one of the most disagreeable men on the planet this week. The staid Tressel saw his Buckeyes, in a win last Saturday over Navy, perform like an '84 Escort with two pistons.

Their ugly victory resurrected questions about the quality of Tressel’s football program, and with No. 4 Southern California visiting the Horseshoe this weekend, OSU fans might have reasons to worry.

For the Trojans aren’t the Midshipmen, and considering the trouble Ohio State had in beating them, Tressel can hardly be sending his Buckeyes onto the field with overconfidence. He needs nobody to tell him that his teams haven’t been impressive against elite opponent outside the conference since upsetting Miami to win the National Championship in 2003.

Those were the glory days, although it would be foolish to argue that Ohio State hasn’t had success since then. Tressel has a powerhouse – at least inside the conference.

That’s the point: The Big Ten might not be an elite conference anymore. Even in the first week of the season, the conference had its struggles. Iowa barely beat Northern Iowa, and Illinois lost to Missouri.

The Big Ten teams that won were playing opponents beneath their stature. Who didn’t expect embattled Michigan to beat Western Michigan, Iowa to beat Northern Iowa or Penn State to beat Akron?

The schedule gets tougher in Week 2. Michigan plays Notre Dame; Purdue plays Oregon; and Minnesota plays Cal. And the marquee matchup of this week’s schedule is Ohio State vs. USC, a game that Tressel can use to validate his program.

Lose to the Trojans, and even if his Buckeyes run the table, they won’t enter the discussion for BCS Championship Game. Even if they do beat USC, they will have a difficult time making critics forget lousy performances against Florida and Louisiana State.

Those losses have defined what Tressel’s Buckeyes – and, consequently, the Big Ten itself -- are. On paper, they look good. They have size and quickness and speed. Everybody agrees on that.

What they don’t have is superior quickness, disciplined aggression and top-end speed. Man to man, the No. 6 Buckeyes have been a step slower than they can afford to be against the USCs, LSUs and UFs of college football. Overwhelming bulk can’t counter quickness, Tressell and OSU fans have learned the hard way.

These have been painful lessons. Public canings always are. But big-time football isn’t played in a garage; it’s played in 100,000-seat stadiums with national TV cameras focused on the outcome. In these settings, players earn Heismans and coaches grow into legends. Their reputations are forged, forever etched into the game’s archives.

Coaches must win, though. When they don’t win, they suffer the wrath of the second-guessers – partisans who never see too many wins or too much success. It’s never about the past with them; it’s about the present.

But this is the bargain with the devil that coaches like Tressel make when they accept jobs at an elite program. They’re expected to pound the lesser programs like Navy and hold up well against the Trojans, the Tigers (2006) and the Gators (2007).

That’s the situation Jim Tressel finds him in a day before he sends his Buckeyes against Southern Cal. They had their tune-up; they worked out the kinks. Now, they play to stay alive for a National Championship.

They can push that thought out of their minds if they lose, as critics of the Big Ten say they will, to the Trojans.

(Photo of OSU coach Jim Tressel from One Raised Eyebrow)

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Sea-level rise: What the experts expect

Filed under: — stefan @ 23 November 2013
  • SumoMe

In the long run, sea-level rise will be one of the most serious consequences of global warming. But how fast will sea levels rise? Model simulations are still associated with considerable uncertainty – too complex and varied are the processes that contribute to the increase. A just-published survey of 90 sea-level experts from 18 countries now reveals what amount of sea-level rise the wider expert community expects. With successful, strong mitigation measures, the experts expect a likely rise of 40-60 cm in this century and 60-100 cm by the year 2300. With unmitigated warming, however, the likely range is 70-120 cm by 2100 and two to three meters by the year 2300.

IMG_4484Complex problems often cannot simply be answered with computer models. Experts form their views on a topic from the totality of their expertise – which includes knowledge of observational findings and model results, as well as their understanding of the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the various studies. Such expertise results from years of study of a topic, through ones own research, through following the scientific literature and through the ongoing critical discussion process with colleagues at conferences.

For many topics it would be interesting for the public to know what the expert community thinks. If I had a dangerous disease, I would give a lot to learn what the best specialists from around the world think about it. Mostly, however, this expertise is not transparent to outsiders. The media only offer a rather selective window into experts’ minds.

More transparency can be achieved through systematic surveys of experts. The International Council of Scientific Academies (InterAcademy Council, IAC) in its review of IPCC procedures recommended in 2010: “Where practical, formal expert elicitation procedures should be used to obtain subjective probabilities for key results”. We took this advice and last November conducted a broad expert survey on future sea-level rise, in the context of a research project funded by NOAA. Lead author is Ben Horton (Rutgers University), the further authors are Simon Engelhart (University of Rhode Island) and Andrew Kemp (Tufts University).

The credibility of such surveys stands and falls with the selection of experts (see Gavin’s article A new survey of scientists). It is important to identify relevant experts using objective criteria. For us, formal criteria such as professorships were not relevant; our objective was to reach active sea-level researchers. To this end we used the scientific publication database Web of Science of Thomson Reuters and let it generate a list of the 500 researchers who had published the most papers for the search term “sea level” in the last five years in the peer-reviewed literature. It was found that at least 6 publications were required for a scientist to make it onto this list. For 360 of those experts we were able to find email addresses. We asked those for their estimates of the sea-level rise from 2000 to 2100 and 2300, both the “likely” rise (17th to 83rd percentile) and the range of the 5th to the 95th percentile (the 95th percentile is the increase which with 95 % probability will not be exceeded, according to the expert). 90 experts from 18 countries provided their responses.

Sea-level: a bit of context

For context, the following figure from the current IPCC report summarizes the sea-level evolution:

Figure 1: Sea level rise according to the IPCC report of 2013. Shown is the past history of sea level since the year 1700 from proxy data (sediments, purple) and multiple records from tide gauge measurements. Light blue are the satellite data (from 1993). The two future scenarios mentioned in the text (RCP8.5 and RCP2.6) are shown in red and blue, with their “likely” uncertainty range according to the IPCC (meaning a 66 % probability to remain inside this range). Source: IPCC AR5 Fig. 13.27.

A more detailed discussion of the IPCC sea level numbers can be found here. The red and blue future scenarios correspond (to good approximation) to the two climate scenarios on which we surveyed the experts: blue a scenario with effective climate mitigation, red a scenario with a further unabated growth of emissions into the 22nd Century.

The survey results

The following graph shows what the surveyed experts expect for these two scenarios up to the year 2100:

Figure 2: Sea level rise over the period 2000-2100 for two warming scenarios (red RCP8.5, blue RCP3). The ranges show the average numbers given across all the experts. The inner (darker) range shows the 17 to 83 percentile values, the outer range the 5 to 95th percentiles. For comparison we see the NOAA projections of December 2012 (dashed lines) and the new IPCC projections (bars on the right). Since this graph shows the increase from the year 2000, about 25 cm should be added for a direct numerical comparison with the previous graph.

The experts gave a median rise of 40-60 cm for the blue climate scenario and 70-120 cm for the red scenario. Most of the experts thus expect a higher rise than the IPCC – about two-thirds (65%) give the upper limit for the red ‘likely’ range a higher value than the IPCC, even though the IPCC has increased its projections by ~60% since its last report of 2007. In expert circles the IPCC reports are widely considered to be conservative; this is empirical confirmation.

The following table shows all the median values:

Highly relevant for coastal protection is a “high-end” value that with high probability will not be exceeded – let’s say the 95th percentile in the table above, below which the rise will remain with 95 percent probability. For the red scenario, about half of the experts (51%) gave 1.5 meters or higher for this, a quarter (27%) even 2 meters or higher. This is for the increase from 2000 to 2100. In the longer term, for the increase from 2000 to the year 2300, the majority of experts (58%) give this high-end value as 4 meters or higher.

These numbers reflect the fact that experts (including myself) have become more pessimistic about sea-level rise in recent years, in the light of new data and insights mainly concerning the dynamic response of the ice sheets.

Two camps?

Experts quoted in the media are often chosen according to media needs – quite popular is the presentation of topics as a controversy with one expert pro and one against. In this way the experts are portrayed as divided into “two camps”, regardless of whether this reflects the reality. This “two-camps theory” is then used as a justification to cite (in the name of supposed balance) counter-arguments by “climate skeptics” with doubtful expertise. Especially in the US this “false balance” phenomenon is widespread.

In the distribution of expert estimates we find no evidence in support of the two-camps theory, as shown in the following graph.

Figure 3. Distribution of the experts’ answers to the upper limit of the ‘likely’ range for the RCP8.5 scenario by the year 2100. (These numbers can be compared to the value of 98 cm given in the IPCC report.)

There is no split into two groups that could be termed “alarmists” and “skeptics” – this idea can thus be regarded as empirically falsified. That is consistent with other surveys, such as that of continental ice experts by Bamber & Aspinell (Nature Climate Change 2013). Instead, we see in the distribution of responses a broad scientific “mainstream” with a normal spread (the large hump of three bars centered on 100 cm, in which I also find myself), complemented with a long tail of about a dozen “pessimists” who are worried about a much larger sea-level rise. Let’s hope these outliers are wrong. At least I don’t see a plausible physical mechanism for such a rapid rise.

PIK sea level pages

A study on the regional differences in sea-level rise: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties

A study on impacts on cities: Future flood losses in major coastal cities

Huffington Post on our sea-level survey

And the Washington Post: How high will sea levels rise? Let’s ask the experts.

Horton, B.P., et al., Expert assessment of sea-level rise by AD 2100 and AD 2300, Quaternary Science Reviews (2013),

71 Responses to “Sea-level rise: What the experts expect”

  1. 51

    My “skeptical” position is that the experts can’t model things with really complex dynamics that are unprecedented in human experience, and simply leave them out. For example: much of the Antarctic ice sheet is grounded below sea level, and some of the deepest parts are connected all the way to the open ocean by ice grounded below sea level. Does anyone know how to model the mechanism by which warming from below lubricates the ice and allows it do dislodge a lot faster than warming from above would melt it? Is there any way to model the effect of a very large chunk coming away and isostatic rebound causing a domino effect where even bigger chunks break away?

    To make things even more difficult, the current rate of warming is not comparable with previous periods, where greenhouse gas increases were much slower.

    Just because can’t model this doesn’t mean it can’t happen. Which means all estimates on sea level rise have a large unknown fudge factor missing.

    Wouldn’t it be nice to be the other kind of “skpetic” who believes all errors are on the side of making reality better than predicted?

  2. 52
    Alastair McDonald says:

    I agree with you that “Just because can’t model this doesn’t mean it can’t happen.” In Fig 2 the IPCC AR5 curve is the lowest and is obviously very optimistic and so very doubtful. What annoys me is that the IPCC claim that they are being scientific because they claim there is not enough evidence to give a definitive answer. But their estimate appears to be very inaccurate, and they could have given a truer answer by saying that they are 50% sure that it will be greater than 1 m.

    It is quite easy to model how the grounding line will retreat. If sea level rises by 1 m then the grounding line will be raised by 1 m. The distance it will travel into the continent will depend on the gradient of the sea bed.

    Cheers, Alastair.

  3. 53
    Thomas says:

    I do worry about the evolution of the summer albedo of the GIS. If significant area becomes an ablation zone, then once the previous winters snow has melted, the surface is composed of old ice, which every year becomes older than the last. Is there any good data on the fate on embedded contaminants in the ice (dust, volcanic ash, black carbon etc.)? Does it tend to get washed down moulins, or does it accumulate from year to year? If the summer albedo gets much lower, melting could accelerate dramatically.

  4. 54
    Thomas says:

    Alastair @52.
    Isn’t the grounding line the point where the ice can float? This depends upon both the thickness of the ice, as well as the depression below sea level. The later should be well known (assuming we already know the basal topography), but the ice thickness will be a dynamic time dependent variable. In general thinning leads to a movement of the grounding line towards the interior, which likely leads to more dynamical thinning.

  5. 55
    wili says:

    “Is there any good data on the fate on embedded contaminants in the ice (dust, volcanic ash, black carbon etc.)? Does it tend to get washed down moulins, or does it accumulate from year to year? If the summer albedo gets much lower, melting could accelerate dramatically.”

    Good question, Thomas. I suspect that in many places all those contaminants stay on or near the surface and accelerate warming and melting as they concentrate more and more. Classic feedback. You can see it on most snowbanks in the spring in regions that get snow–the once-white snowbanks become nearly solid black as they shrink and expose more of the dust etc. that has accumulated over the winter.

    There is also the issue of increased biological activity in melt ponds decreasing albedo (beyond that of the melt ponds themselves). Plus the loss of altitude mentioned above (and I’ve probably missed some others). So there are lots of feedbacks in play ready to accelerate the rate of ice loss far beyond what it is today.

    AFAICS, the only negative feedbacks are: 1) the increase in precipitation of snow with increased global humidity levels; and 2) the physical fact that as snow melts and water evaporates, those endothermic processes cool the surrounding area (but again I am doubtless missing a few).

  6. 56
  7. 57
    Thomas says:

    willi, I doubt that seasonal (and urban) snowbanks are a very good analogy for a melting ice sheet. They are very dirty -polar ice tends to be pretty clean because it is a long distance from sources of dust/dirt. Also first year snow is pretty prous, so the meltwater can percolate through the snow, rather than flowing on a hard icy surface. Alpine glaciers, which often get very dirty even black in their ablation zones may also not be a good analogy, as the amount of dirt is orders of magnitude higher than for polar ice sheets. Also the time span that an abalation zone exists is likely to be much longer on the ice sheep, than on an alpine glacier. Thats, why I question whether we have the data to answer the question.

  8. 58
    Steve Fish says:

    Re- Comment by Thomas — 28 Nov 2013 @ 11:27 AM

    Dark Snow Project-

  9. 59
    Hank Roberts says: is about persistent organic pollutants melting out of the Swiss alps.

  10. 60
    wili says:

    Thomas, I appreciate that they are imperfect things to compare, but have you ever seen pictures of the ice pack near the edge of the ice sheet where the melting is happening fastest? It looks very much like the snow banks around here in spring.

    You’re right though; I don’t know if what happens at the margins has any relation to what happens in the interior. I don’t see why there wouldn’t be some areas where a similar process may take hold. And remember that there doesn’t have to be a huge shift in albedo for it to have an affect on the melt rate. Thanks toe Steve and Hank for linking to actual studies. I’ll come back after I’ve perused them further.

  11. 61
    Alastair McDonald says:

    Thomas @54

    Yes, the grounding line is the line where floating begins and ice resting on the solid earth ends. And you are correct that it depends on the thickness of the ice and the depression below sea level. But if sea level rises then the depression will increase and the grounding line will retreat. This assumes that the thickness remains unchanged, which will surely be true in the short term.

    In fact, with less ice resting on the solid earth, then the mass and friction will decrease, speeding the flow of ice and reducing its thickness. So you have a double whammy positive feedback.

    One reason I mention this is that I have not seen any evidence that the ice sheet scientists are aware of these facts :-(

    During Heinrich Events, there seems to have been simultaneous ice surges in North America, Scandinavia and possibly Antarctica, which can be explained if you accept that sea level rise from one surge will cause the other ice sheets to surge as well.

  12. 62
    Thomas says:

    Alastair: I’m sure it is included in their models. They weren’t born yesterday. Being that SLR is much slower than thinning, I think SLR barely registers as a cause of retreat.

  13. 63
    Alastair McDonald says:

    Your faith in the modellers is rather touching :-)

    So pray tell us, what is the rate of thinning?

    Cheers, Alastair.

  14. 64
    Fergus Brown says:

    Thomas & Alastair: Depends which models. The process models don’t seem to capture this well. Other models & observations indicate the rate of progress and the consequences for SLR. Plenty of material on this at the open access ‘The Cryosphere’ ( & elsewhere. For several of the key ice sheets the elevation is below sea level for considerable distances, so grounding line retreat dynamics have different forcings, such as mid-level ‘warm’ water penetration.

  15. 65
    Karen Street says:

    If SLR has been 3.2 cm/decade for 2 decades, how can doubling the temperature increase, or more, lead to SLR of as little as 40 cm this century? Are we running out of glacier and not yet into ice sheet?

    I hope I am not repeating a question already addressed, didn’t see it.

  16. 66
    Lennart van der Linde says:

    Following up on my question and your response in my comment 9 (on the worst-case for 2300 in RCP 8.5), how about the worst-case for 2100 in RCP 3.0?

    According to table 1 above about half of the experts apparently think there’s a 5% chance it could be more than 0.7 meters in that case. But what are the upper estimates of individual experts for this 95th percentile?

  17. 67
    Lennart van der Linde says:

    Now that I’ve been able to study figure 2 of the paper better, I see that 3 experts think even in the best case there’s about a 5% chance of more than about 1.5 meters of SLR by 2100, with about 2 meters as highest estimate.

  18. 68
    CptWayne says:

    Form the sea level chart shown above, visually, it looks like there has been little change in the rate of rise since 1800 when CO2 was obviously of no concern. This strongly implies that the rise in Sea Level is a natural non-anthropogenic event.

  19. 69
    Steve Fish says:

    Re- Comment by CptWayne — 9 Dec 2013 @ 7:46 PM

    Would you be so kind as to identify what “chart” you are referring to and what about it indicates natural causal mechanisms and which mechanisms.

  20. 70

    #68–Perhaps you should check your eyes. I presume you are referring to Figure 1; but there is a clear ‘cupping’ of the curve from 1800 to 2000–ie., it bends upwards, meaning an acceleration of sea level rise.

    The size of the ‘bend’ may look small on the graph scale, but they had to leave room to accommodate the acceleration still to come. In fact, if memory serves, we’ve gone from something 1.7 mm/yr to the current mean increase of 3.1. Not trivial, and it won’t stop at that.

  21. 71
    Kip Hansen says:

    Who is the author of this essay? (The person who refers to himself/herself as “I” and “me”.)

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3rd Time Lucky...... :/ GB ......... Rhinoplasty revision

Taxi collecting me tomorrow at 7.15 to get my...

Taxi collecting me tomorrow at 7.15 to get my second revision surgery, surgery is booked for 12.30!
its 9.30pm the night before and just had a massive chinese meal!!! (Not allowed any food after 12 midnight) !!! :(
Looking to get my tip narrowed slightly and lifted as is hasn't been done in previous 2 rhinoplastys ....
not really nervous as ive been here before..twice..
I will post just before I go to theatre then after I come back as im sure I will be bored in hospital all night!! :)

thats me just back from theatre..

So surgery time was changed till 4pm I was so hungry but luckily they gave me 2 10mg of Manalapan about 2 o'clock so I dozed unroll time to go for op!!
Looks like he done it closed this time as I can't see and stitches!!!
So I'm super pleased!! As stitches are not my favourite part of this, getting them out is a bit nippy!! :)

Tamazapam was the pre med... silly predict a text

after being fed

Nose bleeding a wee bit after getting fed!
Or its maybe after I had a wee as the pressure of pushing seems to make it leek of blood.... weird!!!

Well it's 2.56am nurse done my blood pressure etc.. at 10pm and 2am and I assume she will do them at 6am,ish.
Finding it hard to sleep as when I fall over I grunt because of packing in my nose and it wakes me up!! Lol
Wish it was half 8 as that's when there to come out, supposedly they need to wait till there's a surgeon in the building in case I get a bad bleed and they need repackaged... she says that's extremely rare though.
I suppose I better try get a wee bit more shut eye I will post tomo at some point.
Oh thought I would add this in... so much for being done at 12.30 I had to wait till 4 for op as surgeon's don't like to do noses early in the day.. ?? Hygiene reasons apparently :/
Anyway night night !! :))

packs removed!!!

Nurse got me to suck on ice for ten min before she pulled the packs out.... not the nicest experience I've ever had!!
Surgeon came to see me too and says I've to make appointment in Glasgow clinic to get cast off and to see him on Fri, so it's a lot quicker than my last open surgery which was a week the cast stayed on for! X

cast off on day 3 !!

So cast came off today (fri), Was really nervous about it as I only got op on tue!
Went for shower and got the cast as wet as possible and peeled tape off from the sides... once out shower used loads of bio oil on a cotton bud to put up underneath the cast to loosen it from nose as im scared its going to hurt when nurse pulls it off!!
Anyway the nurse was a pro she didnt hurt me a bit!! Saying that it was half unstuck by the time I got to clinic :)))
Loads of whiteheads in the crease at sides of nose yuckkkkk!! But really pleased with the shape!! Lots of swelling though so it will take a while to see final result but it looks good!! Hes lifted tip and narrowed it too :))
Mr Otiviani .....Transform

4 out of 5 stars Overall rating
5 out of 5 stars Doctor's bedside manner
5 out of 5 stars Answered my questions
5 out of 5 stars After care follow-up
4 out of 5 stars Time spent with me
5 out of 5 stars Phone or email responsiveness
5 out of 5 stars Staff professionalism & courtesy
5 out of 5 stars Payment process
5 out of 5 stars Wait times
Was this review helpful? {{ voteCountOthers + ' other' + (voteCountOthers == 1 ? '' : 's') }} found this helpful


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Can these veins be removed? (photos)

Factor v patient. Can varicose and spider veins be surgically removed? READ MORE

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Tummy Tuck while taking xoralto for factor v. Is it safe?

I recently saw a hematologist who said as long as I was taking xoralto (I have factor veiden) I would be fine having a tummy tuck. What is your opinion? READ MORE


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tess de quincey & stuart lynch: dancing the city

keith gallasch, compression 100, de quincey lynch, rt11

Stuart Lynch, Tess de Quincey, Identity Stuart Lynch, Tess de Quincey, Identity
photo Freddy Tornberg
Tess De Quincey and Stuart Lynch brief Keith Gallasch about 100 collaborative, free, unrehearsed performances scheduled for Sydney in May

Posing the questions “Can a city be danced” and “To what extent do artists form the shape, sound and feeling of a city?”, two Butoh-trained performers will collaborate directly and indirectly with Sydney artists (performers, musicians, visual artists etc.) in one hundred performances and sites. The discussion began with Lynch and De Quincey describing where they are working now and why.

SL We had been doing many performances across Europe and Australia and it was becoming difficult to do certain choreographic projects that needed a firmer base. So in a way, the next step was to form one base in Sydney and one in Denmark, and to see if that could work.

TD We’ve wanted to bring our work into some kind of arena which makes sense in relation to an Australian content as well, so that an exchange can take place. I guess I’m fascinated by the sense of a global basis and having people from different nationalities working together. I’ve been doing this for a long time, but I want it to make more sense, with a rich load of cultural referencing. I can find all nationalities in Sydney.

SL The idea is also that the project could form a formula, a module. More like a circle, not so specifically focused on two people. So we are collaborating with many different Sydney artists.

KG Would the same approach translate to Copenhagen?

SL We’re not sure yet. Because of the ‘new’ Europe it’s in a very different frame of mind from Australia. On the other hand, very exciting things are happening in the arts in both places cutting across practices.

KG You’ve added a high level of chance by planning one-off spontaneous collaborations with a lot of artists.

TD This project is really built around people, artists from Sydney who represent varying aspects of artistic discipline and the city. They represent certain areas of language and definition. We wanted to get hold of this whole grid of what Sydney is and represents.

KG How well do you know Sydney?

SL I’ve been coming here since ‘89, My father lives here but I grew up in England and with the myth of Australia. I don’t know it as well as people born and bred, but fairly well.

TD My mother was born here and her family is here. I wasn’t born here but my knowledge is strongly affected by my family background.

KG It’s good sometimes to have a sort of semi-grasp of a place, that outside-inside thing. Even for locals, it’s a tricky city. Like many a metropolis, it’s highly pluralised, hard to define.

SL The most difficult aspect is the size of it. To what extent can we deal with that?

TD Of course, we’d like to take hold of the whole animal.

KG It’s a time of rich exploration of the city in literature, visual arts and performance. There’s the debate about the Burley Griffin vision of Canberra, Richard Sennet’s new book about cities, Peter Greenaway’s big city projects, the 1996 Adelaide Festival focus on architecture, Adelaide and Canberra. Your approach, though, is quite different—involving many locals, very open-ended and looking for spontaneous responses.

TD We’re talking about a compression, a combustion, by bringing many things together. The immediacy of meeting and the ‘non-preparation’ can offer an enormous space to the collaborators. When we work we often have long preparation of basic training but we’ll actually put a performance together almost instantly. So we wanted to see how this would work in terms of meeting other people, A musician might rock in without any preparation and just do their thing on the spot. A visual artist might spend months thinking about it, or as long as we can give them when we first make the actual initial contact. We don’t want to meet and define whole areas of—“Well, are we going to do this, or are we going to do that?” It’s a matter of how we can make this space come together and open up the space for meeting through our practices.

KG How important is your selection of the collaborators?

SL What we’ve done is ask several people to choose for us, adding to the element of chance. We don’t want to send out some stiff questionnaire: “Do you want to be involved in non-narrative/narrative performance? Please include a CV.”

KG So it has to be informal.

SL Yes and no. There’s got to be a middle ground. But I imagine each collaboration will define its own codes and parameters.

TD We did ask our consultants to choose on the basis of finding people who represent different areas, generations and practices. It has nothing to do with whether or not we relate to their work, absolutely nothing. That’s going to be the challenge when we meet these people.

KG What spaces will you meet them in?

SL We’re investigating different venues all around the city, and hopefully many of the artists will also want to choose a specific site particularly for this collaboration.

TD The cross-points that spark: “Oh, my grandmother’s bathroom would be fabulous to do something in,” or “There’s a nook just down the street that I’ve had my eye on for years”.

KG Will you begin these spontaneous collaborations with a performative element of your own which the other person slots into, or do you wait until you see what they do?

SL I think it’s going to depend on the relationships being made as we meet. Probably we’ll have to define new strategies for each collaboration.

KG You write about “assaulting the language of dance and performance’. Now, there has been an ongoing assault on the language of dance and performance in theory and especially in practice for many years. For example, you acknowledge there’s a lot of interdisciplinary work that has happened in Sydney. How will one hundred meetings with a wide range of artists intersecting by chance affect notions of performance and dance?

TD One of the things that sparked this project was talking with a sculptor whose work we were immensely impressed by. When we actually came to mention performing in that space she looked absolutely amazed and said she couldn’t possibly envisage it. Our jaws dropped because the possibility had been so obvious to us. Why is there this gap? It must be possible to bridge. Is the problem because sculpture is assumed to relate to inanimation? So we started out partly from frustration. The issue lies in the relationship and awareness between history and matter and space.

SL We want to work with people who might never have even considered it. Sometimes the practice and theory get lost, they don’t meet, and what we very much want is for the theory to come from the practice of working with these people.

KG So you’d rather work with those who don’t already have some kind of formulated notion of the interdisciplinary? Because in Sydney there’s such a strong interknit performance scene, it’s very easy to create self-fulfilling projects.

SL I hope it’s a danger that we will get over by asking others to choose artists who represent a broad range of language.

TD Yes, but on the other hand, the ‘assault’ is also on our practice: the reality of performing three times a day is a massive assault on us and our language. We’re really wondering what is going to happen.

SL Our language has developed not only from our work together, but also from our experiences in Japan, and from the people we’ve been working with over the past few years. For us it’s very much about how that language can define these collaborations, and meet each performance, but also how it can be changed. How strong is that language, and how will it meet and move with the challenge from artists coming to work with us?

There is a bigger question for us at the moment of the legitimisation of Europeans working within the Butoh tradition. What we see a lot of is European performers who copy the image of a Japanese making Butoh. Without being xenophobic, I think it necessary at present to cut out the middle man. The actual essence of the works can also be found in a non Japanese body.

KG You trained with Min Tanaka and the Mai Juku Performance Company. Did Tanaka’s performance Subject, where he travelled the length of Japan and performed every day for three months, inspire this event?

TD Laterally. This was 20 years ago. He was talking about “dancing the space” and “in the space in which you are the space”. There’s now a great deal of talk of kinaesthetics and the body in the environment. For us, it’s great. Suddenly we’re talking with people who hadn’t hitherto really understood how we work in terms of the body as environment and this is straight from the tradition of Min Tanaka and his company. To go back to your point about Compression 100 being done around cities and whether it’s a physical or architectural sense, I think the body is the city.

KG The word ‘dance’ crops up every now and again in your notes as distinct from performance. Do you make a serious distinction between performance and dance?

TD For me, performing in Japan has often been extremely different from performing in Europe. The nature of the language that exists around performance in Japan is different. There are things which are considered natural in Japan but for which there is no language in the West. If you’re working within a Butoh tradition it has another set of definitions. As soon as you move outside this tradition it can be immensely problematic: the whole question of nothingness and to dance nothingness and to be nothingness and to have emptiness. For a Westerner, there is no language around emptiness.

KG How does that relate to performance and dance?

TD What I would consider to be dance, my audience won’t necessarily consider to be so in Australia. On the other hand it shifts around. If you’re in Paris there’s a lot more language around it because they’ve had Butoh performances since the seventies. But again, this has its own limits and it’s also very Parisian.

SL What’s interesting is that I do know when it’s dance and when it’s performance—I can recognise the differences, and yet where do they meet and where are they totally different? Are they ever the same? It’s a question of semantics. I very much want to go back to Japan and talk with Min again in order to ask him these questions. He’s always talked about ‘dancing the space’, so intrinsically it was ‘dance’ although his relation to ‘performance’ is strongly defined by ‘performance art’. He says ‘I dance the space’ Well, do you not ‘perform’ the space also? Whatever, we’re asking “Can a city be danced?” Or performed.

RealTime issue #11 Feb-March 1996 pg. 4

© Keith Gallasch; for permission to reproduce apply to

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Posted by Chris on February 14, 2014 at 10:45 AM CST
Official Pix is offering you the opportunity to pre-order some awesome photographs or mail in your own items to be signed by three incredible voice actors. Check the Current Signings section to view all the different images (several new ones!) available. Orders will be taken through Saturday, March 8th.
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Glazed Mexican Meatloaf Recipe

Provided By
With a different twist to traditional meatloaf, the taco seasoning and tortilla chips give this recipe a Mexican flair. The sweet glaze on top is the perfect accent to this Mexican-style meatloaf.
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  • 2 pounds ground beef
  • 1 cup shredded cheddar cheese
  • 2 eggs beaten
  • 2 cups crushed corn or tortilla chips
  • 2/3 cup salsa
  • 1 package taco seasoning
  • GLAZE:
  • 1/2 cup ketchup
  • 2 tablespoons brown sugar
  • 1 teaspoon dry mustard
30 mins
75 mins
1.25 hrs
  • Combine all ingredients in a large bowl, mix well.
  • Shape the meat mixture into loaf and place in slow cooker. Cover and cook on low 8-10 hours; or place in a loaf pan and in a 350 degree oven for 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
  • Mix all the ingredients together in a small bowl.
  • Spread over meatloaf. Replace the cover on the slow cooker and cook on high for 15 minutes. If baking the meatloaf in the oven, add the glaze for the last 1/2 hour of cooking time.
TIP: on the lighter side, you could substitute ground turkey in place of the ground beef and use low-fat or fat-free cheddar cheese.
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Glazed Mexican Meatloaf Recipe Reviews

mexican meatloaf 5

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Rating of 5 out of 5.0 stars
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Comments (1)
RecipeTips.com User
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"christoval69, the taco seasoning does go in the meat. The glaze consists of ketchup, brown sugar, and dry mustard. These ingredients had been left off of the ingredients list by mistake. Hopefully, the recipe makes more sense now. Thanks for bringing this to our attention."
Comment By
"I take at that the glaze is the salsa and taco seasoning mixed together -- right? To me it seems like the taco seasoning would take good mixed up with the meat. Have you ever tried this?"
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Rating of 5 out of 5.0 stars
Reviewed By
"We love meatloaf and this was a nice change to our regular recipe. The salsa and taco seasoning gave it a boost of flavor. I will definitely make it again sometime for a change from our normal meatloaf."
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text:
The Ultimate Firearms Destination for the Gun Lifestyle

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear

This is is the OPFOR magazine carrier from Limitless Gear (LG). It is the first of a new line of equipment called the RSEE (RSEE Rapidly Scalable Equipment Ensemble) and is the focus of a new crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo. The OPFOR appears to offer two interesting new developments in ammunition load carriage. First – the ability to quickly move a loadout from one platform to another, i.e. from a battle belt to a plate carrier or something similar. Second – lidless magazine retention that is potentially superior to that of friction-only open top mag carriers.

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear  photo

Based on video and images provided by LG, the OPFOR really does appear to offer a whole new level of fast attach/quick detach modularity (with the additional benefit of ‘stackability’). Long ‘teeth’ on the back of the OPFOR appear to come together vertically via a sliding tray from the bottom to work with smaller teeth on the top in order to fasten onto a row of MOLLE/PALS. Honestly, this seems to be the perfect example of a forehead-slapping Why didn’t I think of that? development by innovative designers. I am looking forward to trying it out; I want to see how reliably it fastens, how easy it is to unlock for movement and more importantly and if grit/dirt/ice provide potential blockage problems.

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear  photo

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear  photo

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear  photo When it comes to the OPFORs capacity to hold (and let go of) a rifle magazine, Limitless Gear advises their OPFOR provides lidless positive retention without a reliance on friction. The OPFOR provides positive magazine retention with a latch and leaf spring mechanism. The spring engages the magazine catch hole and presses it over against the latch. The manufacturer promises this will provide secure retention without a physical barrier (e.g. a lid, flap or bungee cord) even while inverted. The magazine is removed with a simple twist and pull.

The OPFOR Mag Carrier from Limitless Gear  photo

The OPFOR was built by a trio of designers; former USAF Explosives Ordnance Disposal technician Patrick McCone, Aersospace Engineer Darrell Stevens and Systems Engineer Cole Nielsen. It is manufactured by what is described as a “proprietary polymer blend” and will be available in initially in black and tan only. The first production models will be for AR15/M4 magazines. They have plans for SCAR 17 and other magazines (presumably including AK47) in the future.

It’s definitely an interesting design, though to say (as Limitless Gear does) that it’s “the first magazine carrier designed to help our military and law enforcement professionals conduct operations in today’s world” is a bit of a stretch. Hyperbole is expected in a commercial endeavor though, so we’ll set it aside. The OPFOR has a lot of promise. I look forward to getting some on the range and wish Limitless Gear success in their endeavor.

You can check out the Indiegogo campaign here. Follow Limitless Gear on Facebook here and Instagram here.

(Images are screen shots from LG video or pictures taken from their social media.)


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Cardinals beat sloppy Mustangs 11-4

MIDDLETOWN -- Whatever else the Middletown Mustangs were up to Tuesday, they were not up to contending with an aggressive Clear Lake team. Consequently, the bubble they were on in the North Central League I race popped as they stumbled and fumbled their way to an 11-4 loss at Middletown.

Middletown's 3-4 league record tells most of the tale. The rest of it was told by a game in which they committed six errors, leading to six unearned runs and Clear Lake's field day on the bases. The Cardinals stole everything but the silverware. In all, they had five stolen bases.

Clear Lake (4-2), meantime, held on to outside hopes of catching St. Helena (6-0) and Kelseyville (5-0) in the second half of the league season.

"We're kind of battling for the second and third spot," said Cardinal coach Zev Jensen. "Kelseyville and St. Helena are tough teams, but they still got to play each other and they still got to go through the league. Two losses doesn't count us out. We need to build on this game because we're going to Fort Bragg on Friday and Fort Bragg is a tough place to play."

The Mustangs stayed with Clear Lake for only three innings and, in fact, held a 2-1 lead before the Cardinals crafted a four-run third inning on three extra-base hits -- a triple by Jake Dekeyser and doubles by Cole Brodnansky and Adrian Adams. Middletown closed it to 5-4 in its half of the third.

From then on, Clear Lake simply took advantage of Mustang miscues -- six errors -- and unsteady pitching to score its last six runs.

"They have more speed than we do, but we didn't play well in a couple of different facets. We also didn't hit well with men on base," Middletown coach Mitch Tucker observed. "We had some issues. A couple of errors were big as were a couple of mental lapses."

Coupled with Josiah Amos' difficulties on the mound and it added up to a disastrous day. By the fourth inning Josiah was gone, replaced by big brother Blaine, who fared no better. The elder Amos had two outs and empty bases in the fourth when he walked two Cardinals in succession. Back-to-back errors followed and figured into two more runs.

"That was Josiah's worst outing this year. He got in trouble early," said Tucker. "That was -- you don't want to say shocking, but it was unsettling."

Jensen was happy with his team's performance.

"We didn't strike out as much, we put the ball in play," he said. "When you put the ball in play like that, whether it's a long drive or a ground ball, good things are going to happen. We (pitched) well enough to win the game."

The task for the Mustangs is to right their ship and salvage something from a season in which they won seven straight, then lost three of their last four league encounters.

"Our goal is to try make the playoffs and a have a winning season," said Tucker.

To earn the postseason playoffs, he said the Mustangs would need to win 14 or 15 games (they are 9-6 after Tuesday's loss). "We need to have a good second half," he added. "I've got a good enough team. I walked off the field telling the guys we're as good a team as Clear Lake, we just need to play as well as they played."

And a whole lot better than they played Tuesday.


text:
Lake County BOS to discuss new home for Child Support Services

LAKEPORT -- The Lake County Board of Supervisors (BOS) will discuss options for relocating the Department of Child Support Services and consider giving staff direction on whether to finalize a lease agreement Tuesday at 10:15 a.m.

The regular BOS will convene at 9 a.m. at the Lake County Courthouse in Lakeport.

At 9:10 a.m., District 5 Supervisor Rob Brown will present certificates of commendation to the 2013 Kelseyville High School Academic Decathlon team.

The Clear Lake Advisory Committee will share its quarterly report at 9:15 a.m.

At 10 a.m., the supervisors will talk about re-establishing the Geothermal Advisory Committee, defining its purpose and creating membership categories.

Non-timed items will include consideration of findings and recommendations from the Classification and Compensation Committee and presentation of the supervisors' weekly calendar and reports.

Note: A discussion about funding for the public, educational and governmental (PEG) television station was placed on the original BOS agenda in error, according to county officials. The PEG conversation is set to take place April 9.


text:
Hi 86° | Lo 58°

Contributed photo
This year, Mike's Maze, seen in this aerial photo, is based on the classic "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." It features Alice herself, as well as other iconic images like the Cheshire Cat and the Mad Hatter's hat, all cut into the Sunderland cornfield.

Neighbors: Things getting curiouser and curiouser in Sunderland

Monday, August 31, 2015

Hello neighbor. Things are about to get curiouser and curiouser in Sunderland. Mike’s Maze at Warner Farm will open its 2015 corn maze, “Alice in Sunderland,” on Sept. 12. Inspired by the 150th anniversary of Lewis Carroll’s book, “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” the maze will commemorate everyone’s favorite Wonderland explorer throughout its eight acres of corn. This year, David and Jess Wissemann, the family’s next generation, have stepped up to continue the tradition established by Will Sillin and Mike Wissemann. When David and Jess posted an aerial image of the maze on Facebook, it was the number-one trending post on Reddit for several hours, and … 0

Letter: Multiple uses

Friday, August 28, 2015

One-time use? Are you kidding? We use plastic grocery bags for a number of things: to store ice in the freezer; take to the Y to put our wet swimsuit in to bring home; in all our wastebaskets in the house and in the car for our rubbish; fill with five-cent bottles and cans to redeem (waste of time and money); store clothespins … 0

Neighbors: New book tells story of 1896 Trolley No. 10

Thursday, August 27, 2015

Hello, neighbor. Over the past week, there’s been a lot of activity at the Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum at 14 Depot St. Visitors have been busy signing a copy of the “Little Yellow Trolley,” a book that follows the history of the 1896 Trolley No. 10. It was written by museum member Marie … 0

Letter: Planned Parenthood is despicable

Wednesday, August 12, 2015

Liberals are against the Confederate flag, plastic bags and Fox News, but they will always be pro-abortion. As Lifenews.com put it, “We now know Planned Parenthood is operating a chop-shop, selling murdered babies for parts.” In an undercover video, Dr. Mary Gatter talks about “less crunchy” abortion methods, … 0

Neighbors: Franklin County Fair’s Got Talent competition begins

Monday, August 10, 2015

Hello neighbor. It’s that time again — the search is on for Franklin County’s most talented. If you’d like to make it to Franklin County Fair’s Got Talent stage, you’ve got just a few more days to submit a link to the video or audio showing everyone your … 0

Bernardston cancels Old Home Days

Friday, August 7, 2015

BERNARDSTON — Bernardston won’t celebrate Old Home Days this year. Recreation Commission Chairman Eric Glazier said there were a number of factors causing the committee to hold off producing the event originally planned for today. “It’s a small … 0

Neighbors: Manhattan Dolls coming to Athol

Thursday, August 6, 2015

Hello neighbor. If you’d like to hop aboard the “Chattanooga Choo Choo,” head to the Athol High School auditorium Aug. 16 from 2 to 4 p.m., when the New York City-based Manhattan Dolls, who perform in the style of the Andrews Sisters, will bring the memorable music of … 0

Minor injuries for drivers when car, Coke truck collide

Tuesday, August 4, 2015

BERNARDSTON — An accident involving a sedan and a Coca-Cola truck at the intersection of Gill Road and Turners Falls Road sent at least one driver to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries Tuesday afternoon. Bernardston Police Chief … 0

Neighbors: Dick Henry receives highest Moose honor

Monday, August 3, 2015

Hello neighbor. I’d like to congratulate Richard “Dick” Henry of Greenfield, a member of Greenfield Lodge No. 997 Loyal Order of Moose, who has received the Pilgrim Degree of Merit, which is the highest honor bestowed a member. The degree, currently held by very few throughout the United … 0

Weekly Town Meetings

Friday, July 31, 2015

Ashfield Board of Assessors: Monday 7 p.m. in Town Hall. Bernardston Master Plan Steering Committee: Monday 7 p.m. in Town Hall. Board of Selectmen: Wednesday 6 p.m. in Town Hall. Buckland Conservation Commission: Monday 6:15 p.m. in Town Hall. Board of Assessors: Thursday 4:30 p.m. in Town Hall. … 0

4-H Dairy Show this weekend

Friday, July 31, 2015

GREENFIELD — The Franklin County Fairgrounds will be filled with children and cows from all over the state this weekend, Aug. 1 and 2, for the State 4-H Dairy Show. According to organizer Carrie Sears of the University … 0

Letter: Working at CSO

Friday, July 31, 2015

To Karin Jeffers, CEO of CSO: I came to CSO with approximately 30 years of experience in human services, primarily in Franklin County. I was invited to join CSO by a team of people that I had a great deal of respect and admiration for. It has been … 0

Neighbors: Don’t leave children or pets in vehicles

Thursday, July 30, 2015

Hello neighbor. Today I want to talk to you good folks about leaving children and pets in vehicles this summer. Please don’t! Leaving them in a hot vehicle could be deadly. If you are out and about with … 0


text:
Black and White Steak au Poivre

Roasted peppers and pan-seared steak bathe in a creamy, brandy-spiked sauce in this elegant Steak au Poivre recipe. Serve with mashed potatoes or French fries.

Level: Moderate
Serves: 4
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  • 3 bell peppers
  • 1 tbsp. black peppercorns
  • 1 tbsp. white peppercorns
  • 1 tbsp. coriander seeds
  • 4 boneless sirloin steaks
  • 4 tsp. vegetable oil
  • 0.25 c. brandy
  • 0.50 c. chicken broth
  • 0.50 c. heavy or whipping cream
  • 4 tsp. Dijon mustard

  1. Preheat broiler. Cut peppers lengthwise into flat panels . Place pepper pieces, skin side up, on broiler pan. Broil 6 inches from heat until skin is charred, about 10 minutes. When cool enough to handle, peel and cut crosswise into 1/2-inch-wide; set aside.
  2. With mortar and pestle (or in zip-seal plastic bag), lightly crush peppercorns and coriander seeds just until cracked; place in wide shallow dish. Dip steaks into peppercorn mixture, pressing it onto both sides.
  3. In 10-inch skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add steaks and cook about 3 minutes per side, or until browned. Reduce heat to medium and cook to desired degree of doneness, 2 to 3 minutes for medium-rare. Transfer steaks to dinner plates; cover loosely with foil to keep warm.
  4. Remove pan from heat, add brandy, and averting face, carefully ignite brandy with a match. Return pan to heat and cook mixture until flame dies out, about 45 seconds. Add broth and cook over medium-high heat about 4 minutes, or until reduced by half. Whisk in cream and cook 2 minutes, or until lightly thickened. Whisk in mustard and stir in roasted pepper strips. Spoon sauce over steaks and serve.
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text:
Friday, May 11, 2007

from sea to shining sea

If we did our job right, you shouldn't have noticed that we just moved reddit across the country! For the last few weeks, we've been preparing to cut over to our new datacenter in San Francisco, which we just completed this morning. Please let us know if you notice anything weird (as if we'd have to ask...)

We still have a few services to move along (e.g. recommendations), but everything will be back cruising soon.

While in Boston, we rented space from ServerCity. If you're in the area and looking for space, give these guys a holler. Off the top of my head I can think of twenty or so people who should consider it. We were there for over a year, and things would have been much more difficult without their help.
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