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Cyber Security

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One concern many online users and businesses have is about the security of their personal conversations and correspondences. Nobody wants to have their correspondences stolen and snooped on by strangers for personal and security purposes. Furthermore, many online products make broad claims to the security and safety of their products, but how can we be sure that they work as advertised? Just because a company claims that its product is secure does not mean it is true. One of the limited options that consumers have is to rely on third party and independent reviews.

One such independent security reviewer is the Electronic Frontier Foundation. They recently made a very eye-opening and thought provoking review of online messenger products. Some of the criteria they based their evaluation on includes the following: Is your communication encrypted in transit; Is your communication encrypted with a key the provider doesn’t have access to; Can you independently verify your correspondent’s identity; Are past communications secure if your keys are stolen; Is the code open to independent review; Has there been an independent security audit.

It is important that security include end-to-end encryption, which means that the service company doesn’t have access to the keys of the users. Only the users have the keys and it doesn’t leave their possession. This means that the service company can’t give up information without the consent of the users. It is also important that past communications are secure if keys are stolen, so if a key is compromised but the message deleted on a user’s local machine, past messages are encrypted and can’t be decoded at all because the encryption uses ephemeral keys which are routinely deleted. Finally, it is necessary to make sure that the identity of the corresponding participant can be verified when communications are in route, because a significant security risk exists in divulging information to a false identity. The perpetrator can glean and steal sensitive data, so this must be prevented with a robust verification protocol.

Some of the top security performers in this analysis include products such as ChatSecure, CryptoCat, Pidgin, Signal/RedPhone, Silent Phone, Silent Text, Telegram, and TextSecure. The best mass-market option was Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime products, although neither provides complete protection against sophisticated and targeted forms of cyber intrusion. Some of the messenger options analyzed were found to be vulnerable to surveillance by the service provider, such as email products from Google, Facebook and Apple; Yahoo’s web and mobile chat; Secret; and WhatsApp. Even worse, some major messaging platforms have no encryption at all, such as Yahoo’s desktop messenger, QQ, and Mxit.

This security analysis affirms the notion that individuals and businesses must be very diligent in protecting personal information, and this includes stringent research in the security of the products that one utilizes to secure important data. In this day and age, cyber security is something that most people take for granted, but as the system evolves to become more sophisticated and the world becomes more reliant on cyber technology, the importance for all users to protect themselves will become paramount. You cannot assume that any entity or product is safe based on general reputation or unconfirmed claims. Assuming these claims as truth without due diligence opens yourself up to risk which is the path to loss and damage.

Choosing A Business Structure

When starting a new business, one must carefully choose a business structure to make it a legal entity, which means that it can own property, own bank accounts, and pay taxes the same way that an individual person would. When contemplating which business structure to choose, one must weight the pros and cons as they all have different features.

 A sole proprietorship is usually owned by a single person or a couple. With this business structure, the owner is personally liable for all business debts, can freely transfer the business assets, and report all taxes under personal income. This entity is good in its simplicity and lack of restrictions. However, it comes with a severe drawback of potentially being personally liable for all damages that a business may incur.

 In recent times, Limited Liability Companies have become very popular, as they combine the limited legal liability of full corporations but have easier tax structures like sole proprietorships and partnerships. LLCs are powerful because they protect owners from the present and future debts of the business. They also provide tax benefits of pass-through business losses that can offset the owner’s other nonbusiness income and distribution of profit that can be taxed at the owner’s potentially lower marginal tax bracket.

In addition, if a business has multiple owners, it can operate as an LLC while electing for its tax structure to be treated as a corporate entity. If the owners of the LLC want to retain profits within the business to facilitate growth of the business, the recommended option is a C corporation tax election, where the LLC’s profits are only subject to the beginning corporate tax rate of 15%, which is usually less than the personal marginal tax rates of individual owners. And if any of the owners wish to receive compensation, they can be paid W-2 wages for their work within this structure. However, if the owners prefer to withdraw substantial profits from business, the recommended option is the S Corporation election. This allows each owner to receive a pro rated share of the LLC’s total profit as distributions that would be personally taxed at each owner’s marginal tax rate. Furthermore, these distributions are not subject to Self-Employment Tax.

With general partnerships, partners share income and managerial duties, while each partner is personally liable for any debt. Members of general partnerships must file an informational tax return and file personal income taxes. General partnerships are the most simple business structure to form, as they only require that at least two people agree to be partners or conduct business and share profits even with an express agreement. They do not have to register or file organizational documents but usually must register a trade name unless the business operates under the names of the partners.

 Corporations are complex structures with high legal costs. They are owned through stock and have complicated tax, licensing and regulation requirements. They must also follow complex procedures such as issuing stock certificates, holding annual meetings and keeping minutes, electing directors, and so on.

 C-Corporations are distinct legal entities that are taxed separately from the owners and generally are not advised to own assets that appreciate in value. While they do protect against personal liability, they have some disadvantages with regards to taxes and operations when compared to an LLC or limited partnership. However, they may have lower tax rates if annual net income is below $75,000. S-Corporations protect their owners against personal liability and are not taxed as a separate legal entity. They have limitations on the number and type of eligible shareholders and have some tax and operating disadvantages when compared to an LLC.

 When choosing a business structure, it is important to consult a tax accountant or attorney to make sure that one understands all the pros and cons behind the decision and makes the correct elections based on the situation. This decision should be based on a multitude of factors, including the type of business, the tax structure and benefits desired, who the owners of the business are, and the amount of capital and budget available to spend on a particular business structure.

Online Business Marketing

online business office

The biggest challenge facing most online businesses is the difficulty in obtaining traffic. The problem here is if you’re not getting traffic, you’re not getting sales. Even if you have the greatest product or service in the world, it must be visible to consumers for it to sell and deliver the most value. Your business needs to be discovered by consumers. Whether it be through word-of-mouth, print and tv advertising, or online marketing, there needs to be some avenue of accessing the awareness of consumers.

One option for acquiring more traffic with online marketing is to pay for traffic through PPC search engines, which provides immediate qualified traffic based on keywords that you bid on. The goal is to bid on the top three positions, because these reach 80 percent of all internet users. Bidding on PPC search engine traffic also allows your site to get ranked in the search engines for free. The advantages of this method is the speed of delivery and flexibility in selecting which search terms you would like to advertise for. Disadvantages include the competitiveness of this industry, which drives up the prices of keyword ads and doesn’t guarantee you will receive the amount of traffic that you intend.

Another option is to implement search engine optimization techniques that make your website available to address the search queries of users looking for information. By adding relevant content to your site and promoting it to other websites and as many viewers as possible, you can increase the brand awareness of the site and make sure it is hitting the public consciousness. One firm that specializes in SEO in Washington DC, states that 87 percent of all consumers search actively for products and services online. Furthermore, this DC SEO firm says that consumers are becoming more attached and dependent on their mobile phones for personal activities than ever before, which means online marketing is becoming more essential for being able to access these mobile consumers. This is a very powerful way of marketing because 44 percent of consumers begin their purchase through a search engine. In fact, search is the 4th top internet activity behind social media, email, and video.

Finally, another effective marketing strategy to attract more traffic is to give away free content in exchange for contact information. This allows you to build a potential customer base that you can continually market to and encourage to pass on valuable content to other potential customers. This is very important, because it can take up to seven points of contact before making a single sale to an individual customer. By having a direct line of communication to your potential customer base, you can employ much more effective marketing strategies and develop a relationship of trust which is vital for sale conversions. Furthermore, it is known that repeat customers are the most valuable customers.

Whatever method of traffic generation that you employ to drive customers to your business, you must make sure that it is cost effective and scalable. Because if generating traffic is costing you more money to bring in a customer than the sales you receive from that customer, this is not sustainable over the long term. Also, if your strategy is not scalable, it will not have a meaningful impact on your business and is not necessarily worth the time and investment for such a low return activity. Being able to scale your strategy is also very important for being able to drive down marginal costs of marketing over time.


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Rudi EIgenmann

export usage data

I’d like to be able to extract the NEEShub usage data that I see in the various graphs into a spreadsheet, so I can manipulate and combine them.

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Gwen Hughes, Retro Jazz Kats to perform again
by Everett Catts
August 14, 2013 02:08 PM | 2797 views | 0 0 comments | 37 37 recommendations | email to a friend | print
Staff / Samantha M. Shal / Gwen Hughes, center, and The Retro Jazz Kats, including, from left, bass player L.A. Tuten and drummer Mike Hinton, will perform Sunday.
Staff / Samantha M. Shal / Gwen Hughes, center, and The Retro Jazz Kats, including, from left, bass player L.A. Tuten and drummer Mike Hinton, will perform Sunday.
Two months after their original concert was rained out, Gwen Hughes and The Retro Jazz Kats are hoping for sunny skies in their second performance Sunday at Heritage Sandy Springs’ Concerts by the Springs.

In its June 2 concert at Heritage Green, the band played two songs before a deluge cut it short. Hughes said the group does not want to disappoint the crowd in its rescheduled performance.

“We are super honored to have been asked back by Concerts by the Springs,” she said. “The band and I were truly sad when the rain came on so suddenly in June — the day had gotten sunny, the crowd was excited about our music, kids were dancing on the stage with us. It was just wonderful. I am hoping all that same energy will be there on Aug. 18 — plus bright sunshine — and we can get through the whole concert and give the audience what they missed in June. They hung out in the rain for over an hour then hoping we’d come back, but our equipment was just too wet to use. I feel we owe them an even better show now — and we will deliver.”

Heritage Executive Director Carol Thompson was equally optimistic.

“People were so disappointed when it rained because they played two numbers and had the crowd loving it and eating out of the palm of their hand,” she said. “We had so many [song] requests. Most of the crowd waited out an hour and a half. Everyone was so disappointed and wanted to reschedule it. Gwen wanted to play. She’s from Sandy Springs and wanted to please her hometown crowd. There was interest from both ends. … We were very excited to be able to find a date where they could play.”

The Jazz Kats, which includes three horns, a rhythm section and Hughes on vocals, plays jazz, swing, big band and other genres.

“When people ask for big band and swing music, this is the most economical way to give them that sound,” said Hughes. “But, we also do much more than that.”

Those attending Sunday’s show will get a taste of what their counterparts throughout Europe have been getting from Hughes and company.

“Just like there, people really want to hear classic jazz and then they want Stevie Wonder, Top 40 radio and Motown,” Hughes said. “We can do all that and we might do Cee Lo [Green], the Rolling Stones … and we take audience requests all the time.”

Gates for Sunday’s concert open at 5 p.m., with the main act set to hit the stage at 7 p.m. The series closes Sept. 8 with the Kinchafoonee Cowboys.

Staff Writer Bobby Tedder contributed to this article.

If you go:

o What: Gwen Hughes and the Retro Jazz Kats perform at Concerts by the Springs

o When: Sunday at 7 p.m.

o Where: Sandy Springs Society Entertainment Lawn at Heritage Green, 6110 Bluestone Road

o Cost: Free to attend; food and drinks will be sold

o Information:
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Daily Archives: March 5, 2008

Real Magic School Unveiled at Winterstar Festival

Phae and I had a wonderful time at Winterstar this year. Not only did we get to present workshops on healing and liturgy, but also one officially opening our Real Magic School. There was a great deal of interest from … Continue reading

Posted in Pagan Stuff, Personal Happenings, Real Magic School | Tagged , , | Leave a comment


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In Greenfield, DCF Workers Rally For Lower Case Loads, More Funding

Social workers from Massachusetts’ Department of Children and Families, trying to get the attention of the public Beacon Hill lawmakers, rallied Monday in downtown Greenfield, Massachusetts. More funding is needed for DCF, they say, to hire additional social workers and reduce the dangerously high number of caseloads on their plates.


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So: WGN America’s MANHATTAN Looks Pretty Damn Explosive (In The Best Way)

So: WGN America’s MANHATTAN Looks Pretty Damn Explosive (In The Best Way)

Call us suckers for secrets and intrigue — especially of the government project variety — and generally we’re wont to be on board. Add in some of our favorite actors, make it a period piece, and throw in a few bombs just for good, high-stakes measure? Yeah, we want that. It’s why we’re totally intrigued and kind of excited for WGN America’s second-ever original scripted series, Manhattan.

No, this is not about the city in New York — it’s about the mission to build the first-ever atomic bomb. In fact, the at-the-time top secret undertaking was one you may have heard of: does the phrase “The Manhattan Project” ring any bells? (They even made a movie about it back in the 60s.)

Back in the 1940s a small community was created in Los Alamos, New Mexico, to spearhead the American government’s race to make the first nuclear bomb — ahead of the Russians, preferably. Naturally this sort of remote and secretive environment became a hotbed of intrigue, deception, and some truly salacious (and audacious) business. Making it the perfect setting for a dramatic television series. This show has everything: brilliant-but-flawed scientists, an extraordinary assignment, and a heck of a lot of secrets kept by the highest concentration of geniuses anywhere.

Starring John Benjamin Hickey (The Good Wife, Pitch Perfect, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen), Rachel Brosnahan (House of Cards), Michael Chernus (Orange is The New Black), Christopher Denham (Argo), Steve Larese (Terra Nova), and Ashley Zukerman, Manhattan premieres on WGN America July 27th at 9/8c.

What do you think about the trailer for Manhattan? Intrigued enough to tune in? Let us hear about it in the comments.


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The First Pictures of NBC’S CONSTANTINE Look Fantastic

The First Pictures of NBC’S CONSTANTINE Look Fantastic

Fans of Vertigo and DC’s long-running Hellblazer series have learned to take on-screen adaptations of their favorite hard drinking, chain-smoking Liverpudlian mystic John Constantine with a Swamp Thing-sized grain of salt. While 2005’s Constantine wasn’t necessarily a bad movie, many, myself included, were mystified by the studio’s decision to cast Johnny Utah himself, Keanu Reeves, as the blond-haired Brit. So, naturally, when NBC announced they’d be adapting the comic book series into a primetime drama, a sense of collective PTSD began to set in. Thankfully, it seems, our trepidation was misplaced as far as aesthetics are concerned, because the first images of Matt Ryan as John Constantine have been revealed and they are pure magic.

Along with the official image, executive producer David S. Goyer released a statement, saying, “I’ve been a fan of John Constantine since he was first introduced in 1985. This Constantine, envisioned by Neil Marshall and embodied by Matt Ryan, looks like he sprang directly from the comics’ covers. Fans old and new are going to be in for a treat.”

Also, according to the NBC description, Constantine “follows enigmatic and irreverent Liverpool con-man-turned-occult-detective John Constantine, who is reluctantly thrust into the role of defending our world against dark forces from beyond.” Joining Ryan in the pilot are Harold Perrineau, Charles Halford, and Lucy Griffiths.

Another shot was posted via Slates For Sarah, a tribute page for the late Sarah Elizabeth Jones. (You can find out more about the scholarship in her name here).

If the rest of the production is on par with the visuals, then we may just have a winner on our hands here, folks. What do you think of Matt Ryan as Constantine? Let us know in the comments below.
HT: DC Comics

  1. J-Rod says:

    Oh, The official description confirming John as a Scouser (Liverpudlian) fills my heart with joy. The ‘John’s accent battles’ with the Cockney fanboys over the years have been gruesome and not everybody made it out alive.

  2. Ray says:

    As long as he has a British accent. This actually made my day.

  3. The no-smoking bothers me, but he looks fantastic. If you don’t have the smoking, then you can’t have the (arguably) best storyline ever written put on the small screen. Not sure how you’d explain the lung cancer otherwise.

  4. Emily says:

    He really, really looks like James Van Der Beek in those pics… in fact, I thought thats who it was till I read.

  5. Danny says:

    Why isn’t he smoking?!!??

  6. Ruben Tamayo says:

    Let’s not forget that Matt Ryan is the voice of Edward Kenway in AC: IV.

  7. Jamie Allen says:

    I adored the movie, I highly anticipate the tv release. It doesn’t hurt that the star Matt Ryan is easy on the eyes.

  8. Brandroid says:

    I didn’t like the way he looked in the first picture. But, in the second one he looks perfect.

  9. revilO says:

    Thing is, television has yet to prove that they have not only the money and the right people but also the right attitude and energy to deliver a comic adaption that isn’t WHYISTHISHAPPENING!?

  10. Wow, the guy looks like the comic book character. What a concept?


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Claude Julien ‘Fairly Pleased’ After Win Over Toronto, Still Looking for More Consistency Out of His Team (Video)

The Bruins’ struggle to maintain consistency continues, but the team made some good strides toward the full 60-minute effort in Saturday’s win over the Leafs.

With a strong first period, Claude Julien said his team looked like who they wanted to be, but they stumbled in the second, struggling to get anything going in their own end. The B’s came out grinding in the final period, however, grabbing an early goal in the third and adding an insurance goal later on as well.

Check out the above video to hear what Julien, Patrice Bergeron and Jarome Iginla had to say about their victory in the above video.

© 2015 New England Sports Network

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Prostate Cancer

Why Do Prostate Tests Take So Long?

My husband had 12 biopsies done on Fri. a week ago and his results are not back yet. It has been 12 days. The office said they were sent for special testing. He had swollen prostate and a lump pressing on his uretha. Your input please on why it is taking so long and does this mean the doctor suspects cancer? Thank you

I am unaware why this is taking so long but I doubt it is  because his doctor suspects cancer. The process is as follows; the biopsy is done; the tissue sampled is sent to the pathology lab, and sections are made of the tissue, and a report is generated. The report is sent to your urologist and he informs you of the biopsy findings.

All the steps can have glitches, but usually do not. I would simply ask the urologist why it took so long, but I feel that up to one week is reasonable.

For more information:

Go to the Prostate Cancer health topic, where you can:

Response by:

R Bruce  Bracken, MD R Bruce Bracken, MD
Professor of Surgery
College of Medicine
University of Cincinnati


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Friday, August 20, 2010

Georgetown Cupcake: DC Cupcakes Chocolate Chip cupcake

Mmmmmm...CHOCOLATE!  This cupcake really should be called Chocolate Chocolate Chip since it's all chocolate - frosting, cake, and chocolate chips inside the cake.  Not that I'm complaining, just a technicality, haha.  This would be a great cupcake for their regular rotation; I love the addition of the chocolate chips for texture and extra chocolate-ness :o)

....this might be the most times I've written "chocolate" in a single post, haha.


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Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > A > Canonical Acts

Canonical Acts

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According to the old Roman jurisprudence, acts are the registers (acta) in which were recorded the official documents, the decisions and sentences of the judges. Acts designate in law whatever serves to prove or justify a thing. Records, decrees, reports, certificates, etc. are called acts. Canonical acts derive their name from connection with ecclesiastical procedure. Acts may be public or private, civil or ecclesiastical.

Public acts are those certified by a public notary or other person holding a public office or position. These acts may be judicial, or a part of court-procedure, or voluntary. In contentious trials to secure justice, the acts should be judicial; extra judicial acts are not contentious but voluntary. Both civil and canon law recognize as public acts those that occur before witnesses, if these acknowledge them before the court, otherwise they are private. Public acts include any action taken by the judge, the authorities he may quote, the proceedings in the court, documents drawn from the public archives. An original document of a community, bishop, or public officer, with the official seal, or a copy of these sent by these persons with due authentication, is a public act. Public acts are determinative against anyone, though at times they may not impose personal obligation on those not participating in them. In old public acts, the presumption is in favour of their being rightly done; to upset their value, the burden of proof is upon him who attacks them or argues that they were not executed with due formalities. Ecclesiastically, an exception is made for alienation of Church property, where, for the validity of a deed, a further requisite may be exacted, such as a clear proof of the authorisation of a bishop, or the consent of the chapter. For these presumption does not suffice.

Private acts are those of one or more individuals they tell against those who executed them, not against absent parties not participating in them. While public acts have force from the day of their date, private acts, whose date is not authenticated, have force only from the day of their public registry. When authenticated, fraud alone can upset them. If the authenticating official overstepped his competency, the act would only be a private act, but yet of private value, unless the law requires for its validity the authentication of an official. Thus, a deed transferring real estate, even signed by the parties, becomes valid for public purposes when authenticated by the official designated by law, though the private agreement may be a basis for redress.

It is not easy to draw precise limits between civil and ecclesiastical acts. While civil acts are mainly of the laity, about secular things, and ecclesiastical acts mainly of ecclesiastics, in connection with spiritual things, yet both easily overlap each other. Acts are civil or ecclesiastical by their relations with the State or the Church, by their emanation from either, by touching upon matters belonging to either, or by affecting the dealings of persons with either. The same individuals are subject to both authorities. Thus ecclesiastics do not cease to be citizens, and all Christian citizens are subject to the authority of the Church as well as of the State. Many things, even linked with spiritual affairs, do not lose their natural character of temporalities. Many acts passing between ecclesiastics are purely civil. An ecclesiastic, though a minister of the Church, is also a citizen; his actions as a citizen are purely civil; those emanating from him as a clergyman are ecclesiastical. If the acts are such as could be properly performed by a layman, they would belong to the civil order; if their performance required the clerical state, they are ecclesiastical. Yet a layman's spiritual duties and exercises are ecclesiastical, coming under the authority of the Church; an ecclesiastic's money matters come under the authority of the State as far as those of other citizens. This is the basis of the distinction between the civil and ecclesiastical forum. The Church by divine right has inalienable control of strictly spiritual things; the State of strictly temporal things. By the goodwill of peoples and governments the Church obtained many privileges for its forum, respecting the temporalities of ecclesiastics, and even of the laity in matters connected with spiritual things. In other matters assigned to her by Divine Law she cannot yield her authority, though for peace sake she may tolerate aggressions upon it. She may yield (and in concordats and in other ways does yield) those privileges which had for centuries become part of her forum.

Acts also designate certain general formalities for the validity of documents, often essential requisites, such as the date, the signature, the qualifications of persons, the accurate names of witnesses, and other similar conditions which may be demanded by civil or ecclesiastical laws or by the custom of a country.

Acts of a council are the definitions of faith, decrees, canons, and official declarations of the council, whose sphere of action is more or less extended according as it is oecumenical, national, provincial, etc.

Acts of the Martyrs are the documents, narrations, and testimonies of the arrest, interrogatories, answers, torments, and heroic deaths of the Christians who sealed their faith by the shedding of their blood in the times of persecution. The documents of the Congregation of Rites connected with the beatification and canonisation of saints are designated as Acts of the Saints. This is also the title given by the Bollandists to their monumental account of the lives of the saints (Acta Sanctorum). Acts-Capitular are the official discussions of the assembled members of the chapter, the name given to the canons of the cathedral who form a corporation established to aid the bishop in the government of the diocese, and to supply his place when the see is vacant.

WAGNER, Dictionnaire de droit eccles., v. Actes (Paris, 1901); SANTI, Pray. iur. can., II, Lib. XXII, De Fide Instrum. (New York); SMITHY Eccles. Law, II, v, Judicial Proofs; D AVINO, Enciclopedia dell Ecclesiastico (Turin, 1878) v. Atti; CROW ON, Man. tot. iur. can., IV, iii, art. 3, De Instrum. (Poitiers, 1880) PIHRING, Sac. Can. Doctrines II, Lib. XXII, De Fide Instrum (Rome, Propaganda, 1859).

About this page

APA citation. Burtsell, R. (1907). Canonical Acts. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

MLA citation. Burtsell, Richard. "Canonical Acts." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. <>.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.

Copyright © 2012 by Kevin Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.


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New Internationalist

Fire in the Soul Poetry

fire in the soulFire in the Soul. Here is poetry of vital engagement that goes to the heart of what it means to be human and addresses the rights that are a fundamental measure of our civilization. Direct and diverse, all these poems ask is for you to start reading... or start listening.

Two upcoming weekend concerts with the Orlando Chamber Choir, directed by James Weeks, feature four poems from the book. Patrick Osborne will read the poetry during the concerts, one in London (17 March) and one in Cambridge (19 March).

The London Tenebrae concert will take place at St Andrew Holborn on Thursday at 19:30, while the Cambridge Tenebrae concert will take place at Queen's College at 19:30 on Saturday.

The four poems which will accompany music are:

Adonis: selections from The Desert
Zhiti: Love
Saro-Wiwa: The True Prison
Wu Mei: The Agreement

Fire in the Soul includes poems by Adonis, Anna Akhmatova, Margaret Atwood, Paul Celan, Nazim Hikmet, Taslima Nasrin, Pablo Neruda, Oodgeroo of the tribe Noonuccal, Adrienne Rich, Ken Saro-Wiwa and Wisława Szymborska.

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New Internationalist

Issue 373

In 1994, Mexico was thrust into the headlines after the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) seized four towns in the poor southern state of Chiapas. The rebellion occurred on the day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into force. The Zapatistas called on Mexicans to remember their revolutionary heritage and stand up for the values of ‘land, liberty and reform’ for which their grandparents had fought.

The EZLN were almost exclusively of indigenous origin, angered by the erosion of the shared land and water rights of rural Indian communities. The first three years of the rebellion saw brutal massacres and reprisals, though the EZLN retained a strong, positive public image. The presence of international observers and nascent Mexican organizations has begun to curb the illegal activities of the army and paramilitaries in the rebellious states of Chiapas and Guerrero, but internment and even torture still occur under the pretext of the war on drugs.

The Chiapas uprising is part of a long history of regional wars in Mexico, stretching from the divisive struggle for independence, through the secession of Texas and the loss of California to the US in the mid-19th century. The Mexican Revolution (1910-1917) has often been caricatured as a struggle between the old dictator Porfirio Diaz and a ragtag army of peasants and bandits, whereas in reality it too was a series of regional disputes. The fringes of the nation have rarely been effectively governed, and even today there are thousands of drug-runners and human traffickers in the seas and skies under Mexico’s jurisdiction. The way in which the EZLN and other guerrilla groups have raised and equipped armies suggests the Government has had little reach into the hinterland, though recently Presidents Zedillo and Fox have tried to change this by building roads and military bases through the lightly populated forests of the deep south. The Zapatistas could not halt NAFTA, which accelerated the privatization scramble of the 1980s. While the 20th-century state was controlled by party bosses and big business in a centralized market, Mexico post-1994 has been dominated by a booming entrepreneurial class operating outside the traditional hierarchy. The state has had great difficulty in regulating the activities of the new factory owners, telecommunications giants and utility suppliers.

The most obvious post-NAFTA change for many workers has been the explosion of maquiladora factories, especially in polluted, crime-ridden towns close to the US border. Unionization in maquiladoras is minimal, and while rates of pay are often significantly higher than in local Mexican-owned plants, there is little in the way of job security or benefits.

Illegal migration to the US has grown rapidly since the introduction of NAFTA. With rising unemployment in Mexico and a US economy increasingly reliant on low-wage labour, the hand-wringing of both governments about this rings rather hollow. Substantial remittances sent home from a child or sibling working in the US have helped families survive the erosion of the welfare state.

Poverty has particularly affected the development of Mexican children. During the first years of NAFTA, millions had their education cut short and were pushed into child labour. Since 1997 the Government has attempted, with a good deal of success, to reverse this trend. The Oportunidades scheme provides a grant to families whose children remain in full-time education: the longer the child stays in school, the larger the payment. According to some international observers, the scheme is successful both in reducing extreme poverty and in improving basic education.

MEXICO Fact File
Leader President Vicente Fox Quesada
Economy Gross national income (GNI) per capita: $5,910 (Guatemala $1,750, United States $35,060
Monetary unit Mexican peso
Main exports Manufactured goods; oil and oil products; agricultural products. 89% of exports go to the US.
People 106.4 million. People per square kilometre: 53.
Health Infant mortality 24 per 1,000 births (Guatemala 36, US 7). Water and electricity supplies are satisfactory in most built-up areas but virtually non-existent in large areas of the south and in shanty towns.
Environment An increasing public awareness of environmental issues has not halted the endemic pollution of the capital city and the industrial towns along the US border.
Culture Mexicans descend from the mixing of Meso-American peoples with the colonial Spanish. The 56 indigenous groups account for around 30% of the population.
Religion Despite the rapid encroachment of evangelical Protestantism, Mexico remains a solidly Catholic nation (89%)
Language Spanish, many indigenous languages.
Sources World Guide, State of the World’s Children 2004, UK Foreign Office Report, World Bank, UN Statistics Division
MEXICO ratings in detail
Income distribution
The wealth and opportunities for all promised by NAFTA remain a dream to the millions of rural poor trapped in subsistence farming as well as shanty town dwellers reliant on casual work.
Previously reviewed
91%. The Government has demonstrated a significant commitment to improving literacy through the Oportunidades scheme.
Previously reviewed
Life expectancy
73 years (Guatemala 66, US 77)
Position of women
In a Latin American context, women have a reasonably high political profile, but crimes against women and inequality in the workplace are huge problems.
Previously reviewed
The largely uncensored media and sophistication of the political class can sometimes mask low-level abuses against trade unionists, activists and indigenous peoples, but accountability is improving.
Previously reviewed
Sexual minorities
Homosexuality: legal. Transgender: no data. Mexico City has a surprisingly open and vibrant gay culture for such a historically conservative country.
NI Assessment (Politics)
Mexico is struggling to institutionalize its recent transition to a modern democracy. Important steps have been made in the fields of human rights and political accountability, but the police and judiciary continue to commit abuses without fear of punishment. The Fox Government is widely characterized as impotent, having missed a great opportunity to improve wealth distribution. The past year has seen two vast protests in the capital. The 2006 election will test Mexico’s democratic credentials, particularly if Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a radical populist and favourite of the urban poor, decides to stand.

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Goodbye 4K, 6K is the new kid in Tech Town

by Shayne Rana

4K is soon to become yesterday’s news as 6K (6000 x 3000 pixels) footage running at 86fps was recently unveiled by the CEO of Jannard and Co., RED, if that’s not HD to the max, I don’t know what is. It’s getting harder and harder to keep track of and stay updated as a consumer of the high definition standards for image and video. The new Dragon sensor, 1.6K is 2.2x 4K in number of pixels that’s about ten times the number of pixels in full HD i.e. 1080p that’s slowly drifting into the background.

In a word, it’s simply better. The question will however be, how affordable will it be? According to some reports 6K features unbelievable Dynamic range and naturally all colors and sharpness should be more vibrant and realistic as possible. A couple of images that made it out were shot fro, a Canon 100mm Macro at f/11, 86fps, 6000 x 3000 (2:1), at 2000 ISO (but should work just as well even at 400) with a 180 degree shutter. And they look astounding.

Just to compare it, take a look at just how much larger it is than standard 1080p. The small box outlined in the corner is typically what 1080p would feel like.

The specs state that shooting at 6K with this new RED Dragon sensor is typically like shooting a 19.4 megapixel still image at full motion continuously. As of now a full package with eth sensor is estimated at over $30,000. That’s high, no doubt, however the professional world of photography just took a step up nonetheless and for the video watching community, your price to stay updated on the latest high resolution set up just doubled (if not higher). The problem is, we’re still trying to cope with 4K as a new standard in UHDTV technology that’s still heavy on the bank account. As naturally progression would have it, technology needs to move up, but these days it’s a little to quick to stay at the front line.

[Via – Nofilmschool]


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Poverty, obesity subtle paradox

January 30, 2013

The Advocate - It’s called the poverty-obesity paradox.

“When you see these overweight people, they can actually be hungry as well,” said Cindy Greenstein, executive director of the Louisiana Food Bank Association. “People go for the bulk. It’s not about gluttony, it’s about what foods are less expensive.”

Louisiana perennially ranks among the fattest states in the nation, but that ranking masks what some say is a more insidious problem: food insecurity.

The USDA’s definition of food insecurity is “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.”

In other words, someone is food insecure when they don’t know where their next nutritious meal is coming from.

About 760,000 Louisianans fit into that category, according to the Minding the Meal Gap survey conducted by Feeding America in 2010. That’s 16.7 percent of the population.

In some parishes, it’s higher. Orleans Parish, for example, had a 20.6 percent food insecurity rate, which translates to 295,285 people. In East Baton Rouge Parish, the number was lower — 16.2 percent or 70,800 people.

The statistics among vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are particularly sobering. In Orleans Parish, the child food insecurity rate is 20.9 percent, meaning 13,080 were food insecure.

For East Baton Rouge, the percentage was 17.8, or 18,280 children.

In south Louisiana, the problem isn’t a lack of food, experts said, it’s a lack of the right kinds of food, such as fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains.

“We’ve got to change the discussion from a basic need, ‘Oh, these poor people need food,’ ” said Mike Manning, president of the Greater Baton Rouge Food Bank.

 “We need for these people to be educated. We need these people to eat right so they don’t affect the public health system. We need to find ways to help solve the problem and look at it from the perspective that it’s a broader issue than food.”

Manning points to education, or a lack of it, as a large part of the reason Louisiana is dogged by poverty and its attendant food security issues. And though the country’s battling tough economic times, Manning said in Louisiana, the issue is chronic, not the fault of a recession.

“It’s just basically poorly educated people with poor opportunities to advance,” he said.

Natalie Jayroe, president and CEO of Second Harvest Food Bank, which covers 23 parishes in New Orleans and Acadiana, agrees the recession has little to do with Louisiana’s hunger problems.

“We had our recession in 2005 (with Hurricane Katrina),” she said. “For us, that was just a cutoff point for everything in the state.”

For New Orleans, however, the storms also brought an opportunity for change in the form of resources — funding, organizations and volunteers — that weren’t previously there. Jayroe said a Fresh Food Financing program, for instance, used disaster Community Block Grant Funding to bring retailers into communities that lack access to full-service grocery stores.

The storm also brought Share Our Strength, a national organization that fights childhood hunger in America, to New Orleans.

Rhonda Jackson, the organization’s No Kid Hungry New Orleans campaign director, said the amount of work needed to help the city rebuild has kept the group, which normally runs a statewide effort, confined to the New Orleans area. The city’s recovery efforts are a daily challenge.

“Here, we have to talk to every individual charter school, charter school board, and sometimes they change over time,” she said. “There’s no centralized data source, contact information, those types of things.”

Jackson also pointed to the poverty-obesity paradox as a challenge to getting school administrators to recognize the hunger problem.

“A lot of school administrators see a lot of overweight kids in their schools and aren’t making the link between obesity and poverty,” she said. “In 2011, we were ranked eighth as a state in child hunger. They’re overweight because they’re eating chips and soda for breakfast instead of a balanced meal.”

Jackson said that imbalance and the resulting hunger can cause problems in schools. Children who are hungry, she said, have trouble learning and may also have behavioral problems. Manning, of the Greater Baton Rouge Food Bank, agreed.

“If kids go to school hungry, they’re less likely to learn,” he said. “They have more trouble paying attention and are more likely to be a behavior problem.”

Which, he said, leads to poor performance in school and fewer opportunities to advance in life.

“For us to break this cycle of chronic poverty, we have to get these children to the point where they’re able to learn,” he said.

Finding answers

Statewide, Louisiana is famed for its food culture, which is not always healthy, but can provide a good foundation for fixing the food insecurity problem.

“We like food and have a reverence for food and people will try things. People will embrace a different, healthier lifestyle,” Second Harvest’s Jayroe said. “We aren’t so far removed from cooking that we can’t relearn those things. It just takes time.”

But what makes the food insecurity problem particularly complicated here is that each community’s needs are different, sometimes drastically so.

In southwest Louisiana, for instance, Jayroe said finding adequate transportation is difficult. In other areas, like the food deserts that dot Baton Rouge, access to fresh, nutritious food is the problem.

So, the experts said, the best place to start fixing the problem is at the community level, where answers can be crafted to serve a particular group’s tastes and needs.

Carrie Castille, the associate commissioner for governmental affairs and a science adviser for the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, said regional solutions are key because the policymakers understand the dynamics within the community.

 “You cannot take the strength away from what happens in the region,” she said.

Furthermore, she said, local solutions allow an area’s food producers to get involved and share what they grow with communities in need.

“If we’re going to address food insecurity, you also want to have a strong local farming economy,” she said.

Castille stressed the importance of passing on farming skills and a connection with fresh, local-grown foods to Louisiana’s youth.

“I really think you have to start at the lowest level, when you’re a child,” she said.

Second Harvest focuses some of their food literacy efforts on children. One of its programs, Nine a Day the Head Start Way, introduces fruits and vegetables to Head Start students.

“They’ll spend the week learning about apples, for instance,” Jayroe said. “They’ll spend the week learning about different kinds of apples, how nutritious they are; they’ll make songs about apples.”

Then the students will take home a 5-pound bag of apples with apple recipes. Surveys show the diet at home almost always changes for the positive, Jayroe said.

In Baton Rouge, Manning said that his food bank mainly focuses on distribution, but there are programs to send backpacks of food home with children on the weekends and partner agencies do food literacy instruction.

One such program is SNAP-Ed, which provides education for people who are recipients of the federal government’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — food stamps — and for those who are eligible for such aid.

De’Shoin York-Friendship works with the program through the Southern University AgCenter. Every quarter, the program makes contact with 30,000 people, be it in a home visit, at a clinic or community center, or through handouts, to educate them about eating better with their SNAP benefits.

She said that this year, her program is specifically targeting women and children.

“When you get the kids to buy in, they drive the parents,” she said.

The road ahead

Second Harvest’s Jayroe sees light at the end of the tunnel.

“I do think we’re making progress. I really do,” she said. “I think we’re getting better.”

She described that, in a perfect world, government, for-profit industries and nonprofits would work together in a “three-legged stool” to support thriving communities “that support each other well enough so that people do not have to be frightened that they don’t have enough to eat.”

Jayroe points to recent positive national news in education and health, like a recent study finding obesity declining among lower-income children, as evidence that food insecurity is not an insurmountable problem. And she thinks Louisiana, with its unique culture and devoted populace, has a real shot at defeating hunger once and for all.

“I think that sometimes we sell ourselves short as a state, as a community, as a country because some of our national dialogue is so negative right now,” she said. “There are so many positive partnerships that are being built. As a state, we’ve faced a lot of hardship over the past eight years and out of those tragedies, a lot of positives have taken root.”

“I don’t know anyone that lives in the state that doesn’t love this state with all their heart,” she added. “I’ve never seen the kind of love of place that I’ve seen here.”

By Beth Colvin, Assistant Food Editor


text:
Obama to visit Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand

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by Jim Kuhnhenn

WASHINGTON (AP)—Fresh from his re-election, President Barack Obama will embark on a trip to Southeast Asia and become the first U.S. president to visit Cambodia as well as the once pariah nation of Myanmar where he will hail the country’s shift to democracy after five decades of ruinous military rule.

ASIA TRIP—This Dec., 2011 photo shows Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton meeting with Myanmar’s pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi in Yangon, Myanmar. (AP Photo/Khin Maung Win, File)

The White House says Obama will also visit Thailand and attend the East Asia summit and meet leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations meeting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

The trip comes less than two weeks after Obama’s re-election. But it also takes the president out of the country just as he begins sensitive negotiations with congressional leaders about how to avoid looming tax increases and steep cuts in defense and domestic spending.

The symbolic highlight of the trip, no doubt, is Obama’s visit to Myanmar, also known as Burma, where he will meet with President Thein Sein and with Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi

Obama ended the long-standing U.S. isolation of Myanmar’s generals, which has played a part in coaxing them into political reforms that have unfolded with surprising speed in the past year. The U.S. has appointed a full ambassador and suspended sanctions to reward Myanmar for political prisoner releases and Suu Kyi’s election to parliament.

In a statement, White House press secretary Jay Carney said Obama intended to “speak to civil society to encourage Burma’s ongoing democratic transition.”

A procession of senior diplomats and world leaders have traveled to the country, stopping both in the remote, opulent capital city Naypyitaw, built by the former ruling junta, and at Suu Kyi’s dilapidated lakeside villa in the main city Yangon, where she spent 15 years under house arrest.

The most senior U.S. official to visit is Hillary Rodham Clinton, who last December became the first U.S. secretary of state to travel to Myanmar in 56 years.

The Obama administration regards the political changes in Myanmar as a marquee achievement in its foreign policy, and one that could dilute the influence of China in a country that has a strategic location between South and Southeast Asia, regions of growing economic importance.

But exiled Myanmar activists and human rights groups are likely to criticize an Obama visit as premature, rewarding President Thein Sein before his political and economic reforms have been consolidated. The military is still dominant and implicated in rights abuses. It has failed to prevent vicious outbreaks of communal violence in the west of the country that have left scores dead.

While no U.S. president has ever visited Cambodia or Myanmar, Thailand is one of the America’s oldest allies in Asia and has been a stop for American commanders in chief since the mid-1960s, according to the State Department historian’s office, which compiles records on presidential travel.

George W. Bush visited Thailand twice while president, in 2003 and 2008, Bill Clinton visited in 1996. During the war in neighboring Vietnam, Richard Nixon travelled there in 1969 and Lyndon Johnson in 1966 and 1967, the records show.

(Associated Press writers Matthew Pennington and Matthew Lee contributed to this report.)

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CEO support, education makes trustees better hospital leaders

AHA News

In today’s health care environment, the trustee’s role in the strategic direction of the organization is critical to its success. To perform at their highest levels, hospitals and systems require governance leadership that works in tandem with the CEO and holds the chief executive and senior management accountable for achieving the organization’s short- and longterm goals.

Being strategic, however, will require more board time and effort, but the benefits are well worth it. A board that is actively involved in the hospital’s strategic direction makes the organization stronger. Founded in 1948, Desert Regional Medical Center is a 387-bed tertiary hospital located in Palm Springs, CA. In 1997, Tenet Healthcare entered into a 30-year lease with the Desert Healthcare District, which is governed by a five-member elected board. The terms of the lease allow the district to appoint two of its community members to the hospital’s 14-member board. Tenet leases and operates the facility.

Desert Regional Medical Center is undergoing a business planning process during which the board reviews the entire strategic plan, including all service lines. The board typically provides feedback and questions management to ensure nothing was overlooked during the planning process. Final questions from the board center on how management will execute plan strategies.

This governance due diligence, along with periodic updates from management on strategy implementation throughout the year, assist the board in holding the CEO accountable for achieving the organization’s goals.

Education fuels governance.

Engaging our board in analyzing organizational accomplishments and challenges helps board members think strategically. Rather than focusing only on areas for improvement, we start each board meeting by highlighting
the organization’s victories. Trustees then discuss challenges and barriers to success and ask management what we are doing to address them. This process helps the board better understand organizational strengths and weaknesses and keeps the board informed and up to date.

Board engagement depends on trustees having the resources they need to think and act strategically. This fall, our board and medical executive committee will attend a leadership education conference. In addition to information about health care issues and trends, the leadership conference helps trustees to better understand their governance role and to ensure the organization is meeting community needs and is being fiscally responsible. Medical staff leaders find that these programs enable them to talk with the board about health care quality and service challenges.

Senior management can provide the board with support, input and strategy discussions, but outside learning opportunities provide a broader health care context that helps trustees better support the overall vision, mission and values of the organization and community.

Connect with CEO. Boards can help their organizations to be strategic by serving as the eyes and ears of the community and giving senior management ideas about where the organization might focus.

As CEO, I talk almost daily with our physician board members because I see them at the hospital. I also hold breakfast and lunch meetings as often as I can with community board members and ask them, “Are there service lines you feel we should be offering? What are we missing? What do people in the community think about the hospital? What do you think we are doing well? Where do you think we can improve?”

These discussions often continue in more depth with the entire board at our regular monthly meetings and may lead to opening a new service line or strengt...

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The BBC's Richard Galpin reports
"There is a sense of optimism on the streets of Dili"
 real 28k

Wednesday, 30 August, 2000, 10:57 GMT 11:57 UK
East Timor - the task ahead
Men gamble in the market in East Timor
The challenge is to make Timor an economically viable state
By Regional Analyst Nicholas Nugent

Xanana Gusmao, the guerrilla leader expected to become East Timor's first president, is fond of proclaiming that East Timor will be the world's first new nation of the 21st century.

A high priority for Mr Gusmao and colleagues is to agree a system for governing themselves and to draw up a constitution.

Xanana Gusmao
Mr Gusmao's priority is to define a system of government
Even this is more difficult than it may seem given that the National Council of Timorese Resistance (CNRT), the government-in-waiting, is a loose coalition of groups opposed to Indonesian rule which have not always seen eye-to-eye.

Its two dominant components - Mr Gusmao's Fretilin and the Timorese Democratic Union of Joao Carascalao - were bitter rivals before Indonesia's 1975 invasion united them.

Generation gap

One key question to be addressed concerns the nature of a national assembly and how the people's wishes can be heard, as they were in last year's referendum.

Ultimately, too, the new state can be expected to transform Fretilin's guerrilla fighting force, Falintil, into a 5000-strong national army so that it no longer need depend on the United Nations to secure its borders.

Then there are generation differences.

The guerrilla fighting force Falintil will be transformed into a national army
While the old guard favour restoring Portuguese as the lingua franca, as a way of asserting East Timor's independence, younger East Timorese consider that to be a retrograde move - even though Portugal has made the adoption of Portuguese a condition for meeting the costs of government for the first five years.

They argue that East Timor will be better served in international commerce and diplomacy by adopting English as its main language.

While they accept that Tetum, East Timor's main spoken language, will be the national tongue, they also see a role for bahasa Indonesia, which those schooled under Indonesian rule speak.

Source of skills

No more than 20% of East Timorese speak Portuguese while at least 80% are thought to understand Indonesian.

Those young people - the post 1975 generation - will be important to the new nation.

Refugees returning to East Timor
Young refugees happy to be home, but what jobs will they do?
Many have come back from, or are still studying in, Indonesia with degrees or other qualifications. It is likely that all doctors and lawyers in the new state will have Indonesian qualifications, as will engineers and technicians. Indonesia will be a key source of skills.

While the UN is helping to restore schools, it will be a long time before East Timor will have its own technical colleges and other institutions of higher education.

Economic challenge

It is a moot point in Dili as to whether Indonesian law should be adopted as the basis for East Timor's legal system. International legal opinion maintains that since it was the prevailing legal system for nearly 25 years, it should be the basis for whatever follows.

The UN transitional government is already sharing power with East Timorese in an effort to make the transfer to full independence smooth.

Notable among Timorese on the transitional council is foreign-trained Mari Alkatiri.

Building a shop in Dili
Another priority is rebuilding the nation's infrastructure
As minister for economic affairs, he has the key challenge of making East Timor an economically viable state, something neither Indonesia over 25 years nor Portugal over more than 400 years achieved.

While top priority is restoring roads, serious thought is being given to upgrading ports to facilitate trade.

To be self-sufficient, East Timor is going to need something to export.

Community of nations

Coffee has been its mainstay since Portuguese times, but reserves of timber, heavily exploited under Indonesian rule, are said to have dried up.

At the moment, East Timor remains heavily dependent on imports, even for rice to feed its 800,000 people.

The best hope for the future is that Dili will take a share of the revenue from proven oil and gas reserves in the Timor Gap, the sea which separates East Timor from Australia.

Australia is close to bringing gas ashore near Darwin. Economy Minister Alkatiri intends to renegotiate the treaty between Australia and East Timor that he believes gives Australia an unfair share of these hydrocarbon reserves.

This negotiation will need the diplomatic skills of its foreign minister - likely to be Jose Ramos-Horta. Building a diplomatic service and entering into international alliances is another crucial matter for the new leadership.

A key decision will be whether it settles differences with Indonesia and applies to join the South-East Asian grouping, Asean, or prefers to deal mainly with Australia and perhaps join the South Pacific Forum of island states.

East Timor has limited time to make these key decisions before emerging as a full member of the community of nations.

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11 Aug 00 | Asia-Pacific
East Timor peacekeeper killed
04 Sep 99 | Asia-Pacific
Eyewitness: Timor's day of reckoning
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Wednesday, 21 February, 2001, 22:13 GMT
Shares gloom deepens
A graph of the Nasdaq's tumultuous two years
European stock markets have extended their recent losses as fresh economic data dampened early hopes of a revival for US shares.

A host of stock markets - from London to Tokyo to America's technology-dominated Nasdaq - are all back at levels of two years ago.

Any hopes of a bright start in New York on Wednesday floundered as higher than expected inflation data for January sparked fresh worries about prospects for the world's biggest economy.

All three key US share indexes plummeted on Wednesday afternoon, after directionless trade in the morning.

Spiralling down

The flat start on Wall Street had helped European markets trim their early heavy losses, with London's benchmark FTSE 100 index closing 7.7 points down at 5972.4, its lowest level since April 2000.

FTSE 100's fall over the past six months

In Germany and France the benchmark indexes both closed over 1% down - Frankfurt's Dax down 103.58 at 6,347.99 and the Paris Cac 40 down 110.38 to a new 13 month low of 5,474.37

That followed the overnight fall in Tokyo shares which pushed Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 index to 28-month lows as it closed at 13,100.1.

The Dow Jones closed 204.3 points lower at 10,526.58 points, while the Nasdaq declined 2.13% to fall to 2268.93.

And the Standard and Poors futures index completed the bearish picture, closing 23.67 points lower at 1255.27.

The latest gloom began on New York's technology dominated Nasdaq stock market, which fell more than 4.4% on Tuesday.

FTSE below 6,000

Apart from one day in January, that was the lowest close for the Nasdaq since May 1999. It had fallen 5% on Friday, its previous day of trading.

Markets Wednesday close
FTSE 100: 5,972.4
Dax: 6,347.99
Cac 40: 5,474
Nikkei: 13,100
Dow Jones: 10,527
Nasdaq: 2,269
The decline in technology company share values has more than halved the Nasdaq stock market's worth in the past year - wiping more than $3,500bn off the value of shares listed on it.

That has hit consumer confidence, sending shudders through the world's biggest economy and pulling down company valuations across the world.

The effect was market in London where the FTSE 100 index closed below the key 6,000 level on Tuesday and Wednesday for the first time since April 2000.

US malaise

FTSE facts
Closed on Tuesday at lowest level since Oct 1999
All time closing high: 6,930.2 (30 Dec 1999)
Last time closed below 6,000: 17 Apr 2000
Performance in 2000: -10.2%
Performance so far in 2001: -3.9%

Source: Datastream/ICV

Hopes that there might be a recovery for European stocks when New York markets opened on Wednesday were dashed by worse than expected inflation figures in the US.

This built on the existing pressures.

John Forelli, senior vice president at Independence Investment Associates said: "Earnings have come in weak and it seems like investors are losing confidence that Corporate America is going to pull us out of this slowdown.

"They are focusing more on the consumer doing it now."

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The Markets: 9:29 UK
FTSE 100 5760.40 -151.7
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21 Feb 01 | Business
US inflation jumps
21 Feb 01 | Business
Why stock markets matter for you
20 Feb 01 | Business
Tech slump spreads to Japan
15 Dec 00 | Review to Dot.bomb
04 Jan 01 | Business
Trouble ahead in Asia and Europe?
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The fall and fall of the Nasdaq
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Last Updated: Monday, 23 July 2007, 15:39 GMT 16:39 UK
EU gets first look at new treaty
By Stephen Mulvey
EU reporter, BBC News

A treaty born out of the European constitution has come closer to realisation with the unveiling of a first draft of the text.

Dutch Vote No poster
Dutch and French voters rejected the constitution in 2005
The step was taken at a meeting of EU foreign ministers, who launched a three-month inter-governmental conference (IGC) to decide the precise wording.

The son of the constitution, christened the Reform Treaty, seems certain to be a lot longer than the 16-page mandate for the IGC agreed at an EU summit last month - but shorter than its 480-page mother text.

The first draft has weighed in at 145 pages, with an extra 132 pages of added protocols and declarations.

Its length is likely to be taken by British Eurosceptics - who want a referendum on the new treaty - as another sign that it is basically a rehash of the constitution, on which they were promised a vote three years ago.

But another yardstick is readability.

They decided that the document should be unreadable - if it is unreadable, it is not constitutional, that was the sort of perception
Former Italian Foreign Minister Giuliano Amato

While the constitution was intended to be a reader-friendly document that could be taught in schools, the Reform Treaty is going to reel off a new mass of revisions to two already unreadable treaties.

Traditionally, unreadable EU treaties have not been subjected to a referendum, except in Ireland - though France and Denmark made an exception for the Maastricht treaty.

This one seems set to be even more clumsy than usual with its protocols, declarations and footnotes.

"They decided that the document should be unreadable. If it is unreadable, it is not constitutional, that was the sort of perception," former Italian Foreign Minister Giuliano Amato told a conference in London this month.

"Any prime minister - imagine the UK prime minister - can go to the Commons and say, 'Look, you see, it's absolutely unreadable, it's the typical Brussels treaty, nothing new, no need for a referendum.'"

Polish friction

Most observers seem to agree that the IGC is likely to be a technical exercise, not an occasion for big political debates.

They have had enough of the Poles - this message will be brought home very clearly at the IGC
Marco Incerti, Centre for European Policy Studies
The June summit in Brussels tried to ensure this by specifying the content of the new treaty in great detail, right down to precise language in some areas.

True, Poland has warned that it wants to re-open a late-night deal struck in Brussels on the system that will be used when member states vote on legislation, but the other 26 countries are expected to join forces to knock that idea firmly on the head.

"They have had enough of the Poles. This message will be brought home very clearly at the IGC," says Marco Incerti, an expert at the Centre for European Policy Studies in Brussels.

In theory, Poland can hold the whole process up, even in a minority of one, but Mr Incerti regards this as unlikely.

Bigger hurdle

British Labour MEP Richard Corbett agrees. In his view, the IGC will be driven along at a sharp pace by the "overwhelming desire to settle these questions of the mechanics of the EU" that have bedevilled the union for the last seven years.

Both expect the conference to wind up on time at a summit in Portugal in October, allowing the Reform Treaty to be known to future generations as the Lisbon Treaty.

Marco Incerti sees ratification as a much bigger hurdle.

There is still a possibility that some countries, not only Ireland, will subject the big-but-unreadable treaty to a referendum, and then anything could happen, as it did in France and the Netherlands in 2005.

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Israel protests at racism talks

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Geneva
Western states are wary of Mr Ahmadinejad's impending address

Israel has recalled its ambassador to Switzerland "for consultations" amid ongoing controversy over an anti-racism conference being held in Geneva.

The protest came as the UN conference was due to be addressed by Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who has described the Holocaust as a "myth".

The US, Australia and Germany are among countries boycotting the talks, but France and the UK are attending.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has expressed dismay at the boycotts.

Israeli officials were reported to be angered by a meeting between Swiss President Hans-Rudolf Merz and Mr Ahmadinejad on the sidelines of the conference.

The office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu issued a statement saying that he and Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman had decided to recall Ambassador Ilan Elgar from Berne "for consultations and in protest at the conference in Geneva", Reuters reported.

Paul Reynolds
Paul Reynolds
World affairs correspondent, BBC News website

The one issue that never seems to go away when conferences of this kind are held is the Israeli-Palestinian one.

A document has been already been agreed among those governments attending and you have to read it quite closely to detect the tremors remaining from the earthquakes in discussions that went before.

But enough contentious issues remain and the result is a boycott by the US, Israel, Germany, Italy, Australia, Canada and New Zealand.

The conference coincides with Holocaust Remembrance Day in Israel, which begins at sundown on Monday.

In comments broadcast on Israeli media, Mr Netanyahu said: "Six million of our people were slaughtered in the Holocaust.

"While we commemorate them, a conference purporting to be against racism will convene in Switzerland. The guest of honour is a racist, a Holocaust-denier who makes no secret of his intention of wiping Israel off the face of the earth."

As the controversy continued, UN chief Ban Ki-moon was reported to be meeting Mr Ahmadinejad, hours before the Iranian leader was due to address the conference.

"I confirm (the meeting). Yes, at this moment," the UN spokeswoman in Geneva, Marie Heuze, told AFP news agency, declining to give further details.

'Profoundly disappointed'

Mr Ban told the opening session he was "profoundly disappointed" at the boycotts.

"There comes a time in the affairs of humankind when we must stand firm on the fundamental principles that binds us," he said. "There comes a time to reaffirm our faith in fundamental human rights and dignity and worth of us all, a time to give the virtues of tolerance in respect for diversity their fullest due and look beyond a past that divides us towards a future that unites us. The time is now, ladies and gentleman. The time is now."

The UN's first conference on racism in the South African city of Durban eight years ago was marred by anti-Semitic comments from some non-governmental organisations.

There was also an unsuccessful attempt by some states to equate Zionism with racism.

Now, many Western countries are uncomfortable with the address by Mr Ahmadinejad, the only major leader to accept an invitation to the forum.

Ban Ki-Moon expresses 'regret' that some nations are boycotting the conference

His presence at a conference against racism has caused horror in Israel, and nervousness within the United Nations, says the BBC's Imogen Foulkes in Geneva.

If Mr Ahmadinejad uses the conference to repeat attacks on Israel, or even to deny the Holocaust, it will be a disaster for an event the UN had hoped would be a shining example of international unity against discrimination, our correspondent says.

The five-day Durban Review Conference in Geneva - or Durban II - is the UN's first global racism conference in eight years.

Watered down

The draft final declaration, which has been causing much heated debate, has been watered down to remove all references to Israel and the Middle East.

However, at the request of Middle East nations, it still contains a clause about the incitement of religious hatred, which many Western countries see as a curtailment of free speech.

US President Barack Obama said anti-Israeli language in the draft final communique that was "oftentimes completely hypocritical and counterproductive" had been the red line for his administration.

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EU states are split on whether to follow the US.

On Monday Poland became the latest country to boycott the forum, joining the US, Israel, Canada, Australia, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand.

French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner said that although France is attending the conference, its delegates will walk out if the forum is used as a platform to attack Israel.

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Iranian row on Zionism breaks out
22 Sep 08 |  Middle East
US boycotts UN racism conference
18 Apr 09 |  Americas

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Page last updated at 17:16 GMT, Wednesday, 14 January 2009

Heathrow expansion: for and against

The view from the air traffic control tower at Heathrow
The view from the air traffic control tower at Heathrow.

Debate rages over Heathrow's proposed third runway. Here are some of the arguments put forward by each side:

Heathrow needs more capacity

Heathrow runs at close to 100% capacity. With demand for air travel predicted to double in a generation, Heathrow will not be able to cope without a third runway, say those in favour of the plan.

Because the airport is over-stretched, any problems which arise cause knock-on delays. Heathrow, the argument goes, needs extra capacity if it is to reach the levels of service found at competitors elsewhere in Europe, or it will be overtaken by its rivals.

Passenger numbers may be down as recession takes hold, but proponents argue we should not base transport decisions on the bad times, but look ahead to future upturn in demand.

The third runway will boost the economy

The third runway will be worth £7bn a year to the economy, according to airport owner BAA.

Planes parked at Heathrow
Some say a third runway is the only solution to the congestion at Heathrow.

Tens of thousands of jobs will be created - in construction in the short term - and for business and in tourism over the longer term.

Lack of expansion at Heathrow would threaten London's position as trading capital of the world, throttling the very international links Britain was built on.

Business leaders argue London deserves and needs an airport of international quality.

Pollution concerns are overplayed

Those pushing for the new runway argue that pollution caused by the airport will be closely monitored. Meeting targets is a condition of expansion.

By 2020, when the runway would be completed, new technology will mean planes are much quieter and less polluting. The Airbus A380 already demonstrates that planes are moving in this direction.

If the runway were not built, the argument runs, there would be no cut in emissions. Flights would simply move to other European airports. CO2 would not be reduced, merely transferred elsewhere to the UK's detriment.

There is no alternative

Building a brand new airport in the Thames Estuary is not feasible according to those in favour of the third runway.

Transport Minister Geoff Hoon says lack of transport infrastructure, fears of 'bird strike', cost and lack of available finance all make the project prohibitive.

We need to reduce, not increase, emissions

Heathrow generates 50% of UK aviation emissions. This makes 6% of total emissions, according to Department for Transport figures.

With a third runway and as the UK as a whole cuts emissions, Heathrow's contribution to overall UK emissions would rise significantly by 2050, some calculate to as much as 50% of total.

A plane flies over a house on its approach to Heathrow
A third runway could mean an extra 200,000 flights a year over London.

Why should aviation capacity be increased indefinitely? At a time when most accept the need for emission cuts, say opponents, should we not stick with the capacity we have and allow market forces to price out inessential flyers?

Health of Londoners at risk

A Greater London Authority (GLA) report suggested Heathrow would even now breach the EU regulations on levels of Nitrous Oxide due to come into force in 2010. Extra flights would only make this worse.

Even the Environment Agency admits that with a third runway, Heathrow would breach these limits.

The GLA study also found that the airport would breach noise pollution limits as a result of the extra flights.

Economic case overstated

Many of the new passengers the extra runway would bring would be transit passengers. According to former BA boss Bob Ayling they would spend little or nothing in London, only boosting airline profits.

According to Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the government, the runway would over time come to be seen as a 'white elephant'.

Long before investment in it were repaid, demand for flying will have fallen away as pressure to reduce carbon increases and competition with other forms of travel grows. The downturn is already forcing people to find substitutes for air travel. This pattern will continue, he suggests.

Impact on the local area

Transport infrastructure around Heathrow already struggles. The extra demands would create gridlock.

To make way for the runway, Sipson - a village of 700 houses - would be demolished and hundreds of acres of greenbelt land would be swallowed up.

For historical reasons, Heathrow is badly located. It is the only major airport with flight paths over a large capital city, for instance.

Some, like London Mayor Boris Johnson, believe this is a perfect opportunity to start again and propose a new airport in the Thames Estuary.

Planes would approach and leave over water, reducing the impact of noise and the airport could operate 24 hours a day.

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Last Updated: Thursday, 19 May, 2005, 15:06 GMT 16:06 UK
Roman conquerors had woolly socks
Roman foot
The artefact was found near Darlington
The sartorial elegance of the Italians has been shattered, with news that woolly socks helped their ancestors' conquest of northern England.

The evidence has emerged among archaeological objects found in the River Tees at Piercebridge, near Darlington in County Durham.

Among the items was an unusual Roman razor handle, made of copper alloy and in the shape of a human leg and foot.

The 5cm high foot is wearing a sandal with a thick woollen sock underneath.

According to Philippa Walton, a finds liaison officer at Newcastle University's Museum of Antiquities, the Romans may well have been putting comfort before style.

She said: "It is quite funny really that the soldiers were wearing these thick woolly socks.

"It could have been the fashion for a Roman soldier or it could have been because of the tough northern cold."

Ms Walton said that other discoveries from the period also appear to prove that style was the last thing on a Roman's mind or foot while on duty in the North East.

"There was a letter found at the Roman fort at Vindolanda, on Hadrian's Wall, from a soldier writing home asking for more socks," she said.

"This may suggest the soldiers were more concerned about keeping out the cold."

Romans faced head-to-head battle
30 Mar 04 |  Cumbria
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14 Jan 04 |  Hereford/Worcs
Roman well found in building site
06 Nov 03 |  Hereford/Worcs

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Last Updated: Thursday January 07 2010 17:05 GMT

Snow and ice are here to stay

People sledging on Hampstead Heath, London

Snow has shut thousands of schools and caused chaos across the UK, and it could be around for another week.

Icy roads and blizzards are making it difficult to travel and forcing many schools to remain closed.

Temperatures fell to a chilly -15C in Oxfordshire in south east England - that's colder than a fridge freezer!

Lots of homes are now without electricity, and many trains and planes have been cancelled or delayed.

Children are mainly affected because so many schools have been closed, either because pupils and teachers can't get there, or because the schools can't be heated properly in the icy weather.

children sledging
Loads more sledges have been sold

More than 550 schools will be closed in Wales - that's around a third of the total. And at least 250 schools will be shut across Scotland.

In Scotland, it's so cold that the River Clyde has frozen over, and a rescue helicopter was forced to land because the weather was so bad. More snow is expected in parts of Northern Ireland, eastern England, west Wales and Cornwall.

Baboon eating hot potato
Baboon eating hot potato

Even animals have been affected by the cold. But some lucky baboons in Knowsley Safari Park in Merseyside were given hot potatoes to munch on to keep them warm.


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Darlington name Staunton as boss

Steve Staunton
Staunton takes over from former boss Colin Todd

Darlington have appointed former Republic of Ireland boss Steve Staunton as manager until the end of the season.

Staunton, 40, takes over at the Arena following Colin Todd's exit with the club bottom of League Two, eight points adrift after 11 games.

The Irishman's last post was as assistant to Gary McAllister at League One outfit Leeds, which he left in December 2008.

He will be assisted by former Sunderland coach Kevin Richardson.

Chairman Raj Singh has moved quickly to fill the vacancy following Todd's departure, and believes the club have appointed a promising and hungry young manager.

We spoke to a handful of applicants over the weekend and Steve came across as the most professional and organised

Darlington chairman Raj Singh

"We're excited about the prospect of working with someone with vast experience in the game and a wealth of contacts," he said.

"Steve enjoyed a formidable playing career and he has a strong desire to succeed as a manager as well.

"We spoke to a handful of applicants over the weekend and Steve came across as the most professional and organised."

Staunton's first game in charge will be on Saturday, away to Dagenham & Redbridge in League Two, while current caretaker manager Craig Liddle and assistant Neil Maddison will take control of the side for the trip to Leeds United in the Johnstone's Paint Trophy on Tuesday.

As a player Staunton enjoyed a successful career, amassing a record 102 caps for the Republic of Ireland as well as winning domestic silverware with both Liverpool and Aston Villa, and enjoyed spells with Coventry and Walsall.

He also represented his country at three World Cups, 1990, 1994 and 2002, captaining them in the latter tournament held in Japan and South Korea.

His first full managerial role came with the Republic of Ireland, taking over from former youth coach Brian Kerr in January 2006 following a spell as player-assistant coach with Walsall.

His reign as Ireland boss was disastrous and included a last-gasp victory over San Marino and 5-2 defeat by Cyprus as they failed to qualify for Euro 2008 and he lost his job in October 2007.

Former Coventry team-mate McAllister offered Staunton a role as assistant at Leeds United during his time in charge at Elland Road, a move that lasted just under a year before both left the club.

The Darlington job will be Staunton's first as manager at club level, and in Richardson he has appointed a coach with experience at both Newcastle and Sunderland.

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see also
Darlington 0-1 Macclesfield
03 Oct 09 |  League Two
Quakers applicants please Singh
02 Oct 09 |  Darlington
Liddle enjoys 'tough' Quakers job
02 Oct 09 |  Darlington
Maddison expects Quakers interest
29 Sep 09 |  Darlington
Darlington part company with Todd
26 Sep 09 |  Darlington

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Indiana University Bloomington

Global Gateway at IU School of Education hosting conference on overseas student teaching

Representatives from higher education institutions and eight countries coming to Bloomington

  • July 29, 2014

BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- The Indiana University Global Gateway for Teachers will host a conference Aug. 5 to 7 for international and U.S. institutional participants in the overseas teaching program based at IU Bloomington. The conference, held every four years since 1999, brings together participants to discuss the program and highlight best practices.

The Global Gateway for Teachers began at the Indiana University School of Education in 2012 as the successor for the Foundation for International Education, founded in 1978 by University of Wisconsin-River Falls faculty member Ross Korsgaard. The organization secures overseas school placements for student teachers and oversees relationships between the participating institutions and schools in host countries.

Of the 18 countries where Global Gateway sends teachers, Japan, China, New Zealand, Scotland, England, India, Kenya and Costa Rica will be represented at the conference.

“We have at least eight countries represented,” said Laura Stachowski, director of the Global Gateway for Teachers. “And then we've got campus directors coming from large institutions such as Penn State and the University of Iowa, as well as our smaller collaborators like Ripon College, Colorado College and Capital University.”

The Global Gateway for Teachers grew out of the IU School of Education’s own Cultural Immersion Projects, begun in 1972. The IU program has sent more than 4,000 pre-service educators to gain professional experience in foreign countries, on American Indian reservations and in urban schools, while gaining insight into the experiences of those in different school and community settings. It had long placed students overseas through the Foundation for International Education and is the largest student teacher participant in the Global Gateway.

Participants will form working groups throughout the conference, discussing the processes for placing students and preparing them to teach, expectations of host schools, and other topics dealing directly with the program's work. Several former Global Gateway student teachers will discuss their insights as past participants. IU students going on-site this fall and spring will have a chance to discuss potential placement schools and communities with host nation consultants as well.

Overall, Stachowski said the conference is designed to gather together as many program partners as possible and discuss matters that affect everyone involved, including student teachers, their home campus directors, overseas hosting schools and families, and the consultants who secure the placements.

“We have worked hard over the years to foster relationships with the people involved,” she said. “We need to ensure that our partners feel like they have a voice in this operation, and that they know their involvement is valued. It is these relationships that serve as a strong foundation for our program’s continued success.”

The IU program for sending teachers overseas has earned numerous honors over four-plus decades. In 2011, the program earned the Innovation Award from the University Design Consortium, an organization founded to challenge public universities around the world to develop innovative strategies to address complex 21st-century issues. In 2001, the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education honored the Cultural Immersion Projects with the Best Practice Award for Global and International Teacher Education. In 2005, the program earned the Goldman Sachs Higher Education Prize for Excellence in International Education, along with two other IU Bloomington departments.

Then-IU student Jordan Leeper leads a class in Kenya in 2007.

Then-IU student Jordan Leeper leads a class in Kenya in 2007.

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Give Your Small Business a Boost With a New Windows 8 Device

REDMOND, Wash. — Dec. 18, 2012 — As 2012 comes to a close, a wave of new products have hit the market with vast potential to help companies increase efficiency and productivity in a variety of ways.

From phones to tablets to a new generation of all-in-ones and touch PCs, incredible new gadgets have been released to help companies take advantage of Windows 8. Between the new hardware innovations and new capabilities in Windows 8, companies have a great opportunity to help employees stay mobile, secure sensitive customer and business data, and increase overall productivity.

When it comes to helping employees be productive, few investments have more potential this year than a new PC with Windows 8 Pro. In addition to the beautiful, fast and fluid user interface, Windows 8 brings together the sites, people, apps and information that you care about most right from your personalized Start screen. It makes it easy to multitask and switch between screens, and it provides an incredible choice of new hardware to make for a compelling and highly personalized computing experience. Plus, hardware released for the new operating system is screaming fast.

This year there’s another bonus that could sweeten the deal: According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, companies in the U.S. may be able to take advantage of enhancements to the IRS Section 179 deduction on capital expenditures, which can allow them to fully deduct the cost of equipment such as computers and certain business software.

Sometimes success ultimately comes down to technology that “just works.” For the end of 2012, here’s a look at some new technology and hardware that might just be the best investment to help your company start the new year off strong.


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There was a sorta kinda funny piece about Sex and the City 2 over at the Huffington Post recently by humorist Tim Siedell, A Review of Sex and the City 2 by Someone Who Doesn't Know Anything About It. Siedell has drawn some ire from the girl geek community for writing, "First off, ladies, I get it. It's your Star Wars. The opening credits make your tummy tickle the same way the Star Wars theme, to this day, gives me a boner. I understand. A pair of expensive shoes worn by Carrie is just like a metallic bikini worn by Princess Leia. Bonerfreakingopolis." I'll give you a moment to recover from that mental image. As many fabulously smart ladies such as Tracy King at Skepchick and Geek Girl Diva pointed out, erm, sometimes the ladies like Star Wars better than SaTC, and sometimes we even like both!

And for those girly geeks who have Carrie Bradshaw's cash handy, they can spend it on some pretty hardcore Star Wars-themed corsets over at Evening Arwen. These plain Louboutins, chosen as an example because they're the least likely to make me snap an ankle, will run a fashionista $595.00 at Bergdorf's. But if you'd rather suit up for a night out -- or in -- wearing a Galactic Lord corset, be prepared for fork over $600. It comes with separate gauntlets and has a built-in utility belt that you can put your bare necessities in for those late-night Comic-Con parties. And it's custom-made just for you. I don't see any damn French shoemaker cobbling me some red-soled heels fit especially to my tootsies. And if you're feeling less Vader and more Trooper, there's a corset for you too. The Galactic Trooper corset costume comes with a bevy of stylish accessories, including a matching white vinyl shrug and shorts.

So, don't let the stereotypes fool you. Star Wars fans come in all flavors, and some of them have money to burn on high-end, custom-made corsets that are just as fancy as a night out with Mr. Big (and probably a lot cooler).

(Hat tip to Buzzfeed.)