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classification and analysis of humans and their society, descriptively, culturally, historically, and physically. Its unique contribution to studying the bonds of human social relations has been the distinctive concept of cultureculture,
in anthropology, the integrated system of socially acquired values, beliefs, and rules of conduct which delimit the range of accepted behaviors in any given society. Cultural differences distinguish societies from one another.
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. It has also differed from other sciences concerned with human social behavior (especially sociology) in its emphasis on data from nonliterate peoples and archaeological exploration. Emerging as an independent science in the mid-19th cent., anthropology was associated from the beginning with various other emergent sciences, notably biology, geology, linguistics, psychology, and archaeology. Its development is also linked with the philosophical speculations of the Enlightenment about the origins of human society and the sources of myth. A unifying science, anthropology has not lost its connections with any of these branches, but has incorporated all or part of them and often employs their techniques.

Anthropology is divided primarily into physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. Physical anthropology focuses basically on the problems of human evolution, including human paleontology and the study of racerace,
one of the group of populations regarded as constituting humanity. The differences that have historically determined the classification into races are predominantly physical aspects of appearance that are generally hereditary.
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 and of body build or constitution (somatology). It uses the methods of anthropometryanthropometry
, technique of measuring the human body in terms of dimensions, proportions, and ratios such as those provided by the cephalic index. Once the standard approach to racial classification and comparing humans to other primates, the technique is now used for deciding
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, as well as those of genetics, physiology, and ecology. Cultural anthropology includes archaeologyarchaeology
[Gr.,=study of beginnings], a branch of anthropology that seeks to document and explain continuity and change and similarities and differences among human cultures.
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, which studies the material remains of prehistoric and extinct cultures; ethnography, the descriptive study of living cultures; ethnologyethnology
, scientific study of the origin and functioning of human cultures. It is usually considered one of the major branches of cultural anthropology, the other two being anthropological archaeology and anthropological linguistics. In the 19th cent.
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, which utilizes the data furnished by ethnography, the recording of living cultures, and archaeology, to analyze and compare the various cultures of humanity; social anthropology, which evolves broader generalizations based partly on the findings of the other social sciences; and linguisticslinguistics,
scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
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, the science of language. Applied anthropology is the practical application of anthropological techniques to areas such as industrial relations and minority-group problems. In Europe the term anthropology usually refers to physical anthropology alone.

See A. L. Kroeber, Anthropology (1948; repr. in 2 vol., 1963); C. Kluckhohn, Mirror for Man (1949, repr. 1963); M. J. Herskovits, Cultural Anthropology (1955, repr. 1963); M. Mead and R. L. Bunzel, ed., The Golden Age of American Anthropology (1960); M. Harris, The Rise of Anthropological Theory (1968); G. M. Foster, Applied Anthropology (1969); Culture, Man, and Nature (1971); M. J. Leaf, Man, Mind, and Science: A History of Anthropology (1979); A. Kuper, The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an Illusion (1988); P. Rosenau, Post-modernism and the Social Sciences: Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions (1992).

broadly, ‘the study of humanity’, but more narrowly consisting of:
  1. physical anthropology;

Physical anthropology concerns itself with the genesis and variation of hominoid species and draws on evolutionary biology DEMOGRAPHY and archaeology Social and cultural anthropology investigates the structures and cultures that are produced by HOMO SAPIENS.

In Europe and elsewhere the term ETHNOLOGY is also employed to refer to these areas of study.

The distinction between sociology and social or cultural anthropology is primarily one of convention – sociologists have tended to study complex societies whilst anthropologists have concentrated on numerically small, non-industrialized cultures outside Western Europe and modern North America. In addition, methodological differences between the two subjects are critical; anthropologists having usually involved themselves in detailed ETHNOGRAPHY, accounts produced after long periods of PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION.

This methodological difference grew out of two considerations:

  1. many of the societies studied were pre-literate, and thus with no written records anthropologists had no alternative but to observe societies directly and to record the oral memory of the members of the societies;
  2. a reaction against speculative accounts of pre-literate societies, e.g. in early forms of social EVOLUTIONARY THEORY. See also COGNITIVE ANTHROPOLOGY, GENERATIVE ANTHROPOLOGY, STRUCTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY.

the science of the origin and evolution of human beings, of the formation of human races, and of the normal variations in the physical structures of human beings. The basis for determining the place occupied by anthropology among the sciences was laid by F. Engels, who defined anthropology as the science covering “... the transition from the morphology and physiology of humanity and of races of humanity to history” (Dialektika prirody,1969, p. 158). In many other countries the term “anthropology” is also applied to ethnography and archaeology, in addition to the natural science of human beings.

Anthropology in the sense in which it is understood in Soviet science comprises the following basic divisions: human morphology, the theory of anthropogenesis, and race studies. A complex of disciplines collectively known as human biology has been undergoing vigorous development since the middle of the 20th century.

Human morphology. Human morphology is subdivided into the disciplines of somatology and merology. Somatology studies the regularities of individual variability in the human organism as a whole, sexual dimorphism in the structure of the body, age-linked changes in the dimensions and proportions of the body from the embryonic period until advanced age, and the effects of various biological and social conditions on the structure of the body and on the human constitution. This study is intimately linked with medicine and is of essential importance in establishing norms of physical development and tempos of growth in gerontology and other fields. Merology studies variations in specific parts of the human organism. Comparative anatomical research, which is a division of merology, is devoted to comparing each distinct organ and system of organs of the human body with its counterparts in other vertebrates, principally mammals and especially primates. The ultimate aim of these investigations is to clarify the genetic links between humans and other beings and the place of humans in the animal world.

Paleoanthropology studies the bone remnants of fossilized humans and of those animals closely related to humans—the higher primates. Comparative anatomy and paleoanthropology, as well as embryology, serve to clarify questions of the origin and evolution of humanity; thus, these disciplines are included in the study of anthropogenesis. Anthropogenesis is intimately related to philosophy and also to the archaeology of the Paleolithic period, the geology of the Pleistocene epoch, the physiology of the higher nervous activity of humans and primates, psychology and animal psychology, and so forth. This division of anthropology is also concerned with such questions as the place occupied by humans in the overall system of the animal world, the relationship of the human being as a zoological species to the other primates, methods of retracing the path by which the development of the higher primates proceeded, investigation of the role of labor in the origin of humanity, delineation of stages in the process of human evolution, and the study of the conditions of and reasons for the development of the modern human being.

Race studies. Race studies is the division of anthropology that concerns itself with the study of human races. It is sometimes referred to (not quite accurately) as “ethnic anthropology”; strictly speaking, this term refers only to the study of the racial composition of distinct ethna—that is, tribes, peoples, and nations—and to the origin of those communities. But in addition to the problems mentioned, race studies also involves the classification of races, the history of the formation of races, and the factors involved in the appearance of races—such as selective processes, isolation, mixing and migration, climatic conditions, and the general geographical environment. In the area of racial investigation’that is centered on the study of ethnogenesis, anthropological research is carried out jointly with linguistic, historical, and archaeological research. In the study of the motive forces behind the origin of races, anthropology is closely linked with genetics, physiology, zoogeography, climatology, and the general theory of speciation. The study of races in anthropology is important in answering many questions, such as that of the original birthplace of present-day humans. This study also sheds light on the use of anthropological materials as a historical source, on systematics (and primarily small systematic units), on the cognition of the regularities of population genetics, and on the refinement of certain questions of medical geography. Race studies are important in the scientific validation of the struggle against racism.

Some scientists include in the concept of human biology almost all of the divisions of anthropology, enriched by the methods and facts of the allied biological disciplines. It would be more correct to apply the term “human biology” only to the very important division of anthropology that studies the physiological, biochemical, and genetic factors affecting variations in the structure and development of the human organism. In particular, this division includes research on blood hemoglobin, blood groups, the phenomena of twinning, and the relationship of the human constitution to the physiological and chemical features of the human organism and to susceptibilities to specific diseases. The study of the hereditary nature of normal physical criteria and population genetics must also be included here—this encompasses a wide range of topics, such as the stability of type with time and the roles of crossbreeding and isolation within the confines of groups of homogeneous racial composition. No less important is the study of the effect on human morphology of nutrition, climate, soil makeup, and water composition and the capacity of the human organism to undergo adaption to different environmental conditions.

Research techniques. Anthropology studies variations in the dimensions and shape of the body by means of descriptions and measurements. The descriptive method has become known as anthroposcopy, and the measuring method has become known as anthropometry. The role of statistical methods is crucial in the processing of anthropometric data. Important special techniques of anthropological research are craniology, osteology, odontology, anthropological photography, taking of impressions of skin surface patterns on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, taking plaster casts of face masks, and taking plaster casts of the internal cavities of the skull (endocranial casts). Techniques of hematological research are currently popular in anthropology, as well as techniques of microanatomy, biochemistry, roentgenology, tracing of family trees, prolonged (long-term) and transverse (synchronous) studies of groups, techniques for breaking up the mass of the body into fractions, applications of radioactive isotopes, various photometric methods, and others. Race studies have benefited from the so-called geographical method—that is, cartographic distributions of distinct racial criteria and superposition of such charts on each other. This method, combined with ethnographic and historical data, constitutes the basis of race analysis.

Methods for restoring the live appearance of a person from his or her skull remains on the basis of a study of the relationship between skull features and the shape of the soft parts of the face are of particular importance in teaching, museum work, and criminal or forensic science. This work has been carried out on a large scale in the USSR since 1927, first by M. M. Gerasimov and later by his colleagues.

Brief historical review. The ancient Greeks enriched the science of human beings with many observations and ideas. The field of medicine, particularly the contributions made by Hippocrates (circa 460–377 B.C.), shed light on the influence of climate and nature on illness and on human physical features. With his doctrine of the humors that are present in the human organism and the four temperaments, he predicted the way in which research would be conducted on the physiological differences between types of human constitutions and the relationships between those differences and morphological features (habits). Another source for the accumulation of facts that would later be incorporated into the field of anthropology were the observations made about different peoples by Greek travelers, Herodotus (fifth century B.C.) in particular. The greatest contribution to anthropology was made by naturalists and philosophers, who earlier than two millennia ago were already discussing the importance of the human hand and its relevance to the high position occupied by the human species among the other animals (Socrates and Anaxagoras), the survival in nature of those beings whose structure is harmonic, and the inexorable disappearance of deformed and abnormal specimens (Empedocles). Aristotle constructed a hierarchy of species with a sequential arrangement of the degree of perfection of organization and found a place in the system for humans above the apes and other mammals.

During the Renaissance general progress in the development of the sciences and sharply growing interest in the physical and spiritual life of humanity were of great importance to the development of anthropological knowledge. An enormous step forward was made in the study of human anatomy because of the work of Vesalius, Leonardo da Vinci, and others. Some anatomists and artists paid close attention to variations in human organs and to different types of human body structures. The German artist A. Dürer, for example, wrote a special treatise entitled Four Books on Human Proportion (1528).

The great geographical discoveries of the 15th and 16th centuries broadened the horizons of anthropological knowledge and acquainted Europeans at least superficially with the racial types of peoples in east Asia (the travels of Piano Carpini, Rubruquis, and Marco Polo), the Americas (C. Columbus), eastern Siberia (S. Dezhnev), Tierra del Fuego, and Oceania (F. Magellan). The importance for anthropology of Magellan’s world voyage was greatest in the sense that, by confirming the existence of the antipodes, it demonstrated the incompatibility of science with the biblical legend of the creation of humanity in some “Holy Land.” The first descriptions of the anatomy of anthropomorphic apes, by the Englishman E. Tyson, who studied the corpse of a chimpanzee in 1699, were significant events in the history of anthropology in the 17th century. The first more or less serious attempts to construct scientific hypotheses on the origin of the human species and its place in nature were ventured in the 18th century by J. La Mettrie, D. Diderot, C. Helvétius, and G. Buffon in France; by I. Kant in Germany; and by A. N. Radishchev in Russia. Also of great importance to anthropology were the activities of the Swedish naturalist C. Linnaeus, who singled out the order of primates from among the mammals in his work System of Nature (first edition, 1735; 10th edition, 1758) and subdivided that order into four genera: humans, apes and monkeys, lemuis, and bats. Following his binary nomenclature scheme, Linnaeus designated humans by the term Homo sapiens and subdivided the species into four races matching the then well-known continents: Homo sapiens europaeus, Homo sapiens asiaticus, Homo sapiens africanus, and Homo sapiens americanus. This was by no means the only attempt to arrive at a classification of human races in the 18th century. The work of the Frenchman F. Bernier (1684) was followed by a system of races constructed by G. Buffon, another by I. Kant, another by the German anatomist and anthropologist J. Blumenbach, and others. Knowledge about the anthropological types present in Australia and in Oceania became widespread, principally because of the voyages of J. Cook; the anthropological types present in Siberia became better known as a result of expeditions by Russian scientists.

Comparative anatomical studies of primates made further progress. Attempts were made to develop methods of comparative description in anthropology by the Dutch anatomist P. Camper, who suggested using comparisons of humans and animals based on measurements of facial angles. Another major event in the history of anthropology was the confirmation in biology of the theory of evolution. The French naturalist J. Lamarck and, to a much greater degree, C. Darwin exerted an enormous influence on all divisions of anthropology and specifically on the development of the question of the position of humanity in the organic world. Lamarck devoted several pages in his Philosophy of Zoology (1809) to the problem of anthropogenesis, while C. Darwin produced two major works on the subject: The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). As a result of this work, as well as that done by Darwin’s successors—principally the British scientist T. Huxley and the German scientist E. Haeckel—interest intensified in the fossilized remnants of the bones of apes and early humans, in comparative anatomy and comparative physiology of the primates, and in paleolithic tools and geological dating of paleolithic tools. Attention was given to the study of variations in the structure of the human body and related forms, in the relationship between the individual growth of humans and other primates, and in their positions in the system of animal life. A large number of fossilized remnants of higher primates and hominids has been found in the 20th century: australopitheci, gigantopitheci, pithecanthropi, Neanderthal people, and others. The greatest contributions to the study of these materials are attributed to the French scientists M. Boule, H. V. Vallois, and J. Riveteau; the German scientist G. Schwalbe; the British scientists A. Keith, W. E. Le Gros Clark, and L. Leakey; the American scientists F. Weidenreich and A. Hrdlička; the Dutch scientists E. Dubois, G. G. R. Koenigswald, and L. Bolk; the Swiss scientists J. Hürzeler and A. Schultz; the Czech scientist E. Vlček; and many others.

The evolutionary principle has been extended to the study of human races, so that the classification tables have been replaced in race studies by the construction of genealogical trees. Research on continuous variability has been developed, as well as new, refined methods of accounting for slight differences between similar races. As a result of the unification of procedures, errors in investigation have been lessened, and it is now possible to compare the results of measurements carried out by different scientists. The statistical processing of huge masses of materials required the development of mathematical techniques capable of handling calculations of not only arithmetic means but also of criteria characterizing the regularities of distributions and the spread of characteristics and the degree of correlation between dimensions (biometry). By the 20th century applications of mathematical statistics capable of introducing high accuracy into the study of age-linked morphology, individual variability, and professional, athletic, and applied anthropology had come into their own.

The establishment of anthropology as an independent science dates back to the middle of the 19th century. Here the greatest contribution is attributed to the French surgeon, anatomist, and anthropologist P. Broca, who founded the Society of Anthropology of Paris in 1859 , which had a program of studies including the biology of the human species in the context of human culture. Soon after the founding of the society, a laboratory for anthropological research was organized in Paris (1868), followed by a school of anthropology (1875). Anthropological institutions were founded in other countries: for example, in London (1863), in Moscow (1864), in Madrid (1865), in Florence (1868), in Berlin (1869), and in Vienna (1870). The appearance of these anthropological societies and the emphasis in some of their programs on the study of human races are partially accounted for by the historical circumstances of the time.

The 19th century was characterized by an enormous sweep of colonial expansion. Public attention in Europe was attracted to this and to the sharpening national question. Italy’s struggle for freedom and unity and the fate of the population of Alsace and Lorraine after the Franco-Prussian War gave rise to new ways of defining the concepts of “nation” and “race.” It is generally known that it was precisely the question of the separation of Ireland from Britain that stimulated T. Huxley to further develop the concept of “race.” The race question acquired even greater urgency in connection with the civil war that raged between the northern and southern states in the USA (1861–65). These events were to have a powerful influence on the position taken by some anthropological societies vis-à-vis the race problem. For example, the president of the London Anthropological Society, J. Hunt, who was a partisan of the slaveowners, made an attempt in his program speech “On the Negro’s Place in Nature” (1864) to provide a scientific foundation for the “theory” of racial inequality. Efforts to synthesize the two major areas of anthropology, the theory of anthropogenesis and the theory of races, typified the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The absence of any dialectical understanding of the process of human evolution occasionally led to the false conception of the modern races as the progressive development of humanity arrested at different stages. Reactionary trends such as social Darwinism, anthroposociology, and political anthropology made their appearance. These pseudosciences constitute different forms of racism, which lay at the basis of the state ideology of Hitler’s Germany and which wreaked untold havoc on humanity. After the defeat of German fascism, racist theories continued to be propagated in several countries outside the USSR, notably in the Republic of South Africa, in Rhodesia, and in the USA.

A correct synthesis of race studies and anthropogenesis, and by the same token the methodological validation of anthropology as a single unified discipline, became possible only when the theory of the qualitative distinctiveness of human evolution gained acceptance. This theory has been applied most consistently in the works of Soviet anthropologists, who have inherited and continued the progressive democratic traditions of their precursors and teachers.

Anthropology came into being in Russia in the early 18th century. The Kunstkammer founded by Peter I can be considered the forerunner of Russian museums. It accorded an important place to anatomical displays, as well as displays of various freaks and monstrosities. The foundations for the development of the study of human anatomy in Russia were laid by the works of A. P. Protasov, S. G. Zabelin, A. M. Shumlianskii, and others. The Great Northern Expedition (1733–43) was organized in the 18th century, and the instructions compiled by G. F. Miller, who was a participant in the expedition, developed an anthropological study program in some detail. Valuable anthropological information on the peoples of Siberia and the Far East were collected by S. P. Krasheninnikov (1755) and by the participants of the academic expedition under the supervision of P. S. Pallas (1768–74). In the early 19th century Russian navigators and research scientists made more than 30 voyages around the world that enriched science with ethnographic and anthropological data on the many peoples of the world. One work dealing with the question of the place of people in nature was A. N. Radishchev’s treaţise entitled On Man, His Mortality and Immortality, which was written in 1792–96, while the author was in exile at Ilim. The anthropological contributions of K. M. Ber, who augmented the craniological collection of the anatomy department of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, were of outstanding importance in the 19th century. Ber was instrumental in laying the foundation for the theory of the monogenetic origin of human races and improving procedures for taking human skull measurements. He also contributed to the development of anthropology by incorporating ethnographic and anthropological research into the program of the Geographic Society, founded in 1845. Revolutionary democratic activists, particularly N. G. Cher-nyshevskii, also played a major part in the development of anthropology by disseminating propaganda based on a materialist outlook and validating the idea that differences among cultures arose because of the different historical vicissitudes experienced by different peoples and not because of their racial affiliations. A great contribution to anthropology was made by N. N. Miklukho-Maklai, principally through his investigations of the racial composition and culture of the Papuans and other peoples of Oceania and also through his scientific validation of the theory of the monophyletic origin of humanity. He was the first in Russian anthropology to provide a scientific foundation for the concept of the equality of the races. A. P. Bogdanov, a professor of zoology and founder of the anthropological school at Moscow University, exerted an enormous influence on the development of anthropology in Russia. In 1864 he founded the Anthropology Division of the Society of Amateur Naturalists, which became a center for racial and other anthropological research. Bogdanov organized an anthropological exposition in Moscow in 1879, for which he gained international renown. His collections were the basis of the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow University. Bogdanov’s successor in this work was D. N. Anuchin, who combined anthropology, ethnography, archaeology, and geography in his research. In 1919, Anuchin collaborated with V. V. Bunak in founding the subdepartment of anthropology at Moscow University, and in 1922 they founded the Institute of Anthropology. Bunak played a significant role in developing all of the divisions of anthropology in the USSR.

Soviet anthropology is characterized by the enormous sweep and scope of research in its many divisions, the planning of research projects, and the development of unified methods. In the field of the theory of anthropogenesis, ethnical anthropology, and human morphology, vast amounts of material have been accumulated and major theoretical generalizations have been made. In the field of anthropogenesis, studies are being made of the comparative anatomy of the different organs of humans and apes. Basic trends in the development of the primate brain and specific features of the human brain texture have been explained in connection with the development of labor and speech in humans (Iu. G. Shevchenko and others). Some research has been devoted to the evolution and structure of the hand (E. I. Danilova). The relationships between human ontogeny and human phylogeny are being studied, and the basic positions of the theory of phylembryogenesis put forth by A. N. Severts-ov have been confirmed in reference to the available anthropological material. Some important discoveries have been made of fossilized lower-order catarrhine monkeys in southeastern Europe and remnants of the dentition of a hominid ape dating back to the Tertiary period in the Caucasus. Special significance is attached to findings of bone remnants of Mousterian people in a cave at Kiik-Koba in the Crimean Peninsula (G. A. Bonch-Osmolovskii, 1924), in a cave at Teshik Tash in Central Asia (A. P. Okladnikov, 1938), and in a cave at Starosel’e in the Crimea (A. A. Formozov, 1953), as well as the molar of a Mousterian hominid in the Dzhruchula cave in the Caucasus (L. K. Gabuniia and others, 1961). On the basis of these and other abundant factual data, a step-by-step theory of human evolution has been elaborated, and light has been shed on the systematics and genealogy of the human being, the structure and way of life of his closest ancestors, the original homeland of humans, and the tempos, factors, and phenomena pertaining to irregularities and nonuniformities in human evolution (M. S. Voino, M. A. Gremiatskii, G. F. Debets, V. I. Kochetkova, M. F. Nesturkh, Ia. Ia. Roginskii, M. I. Uryson, E. N. Khrisanfova, V. P. Iakimov, and others).

In the division of race studies, systematic collections of anthropological material from almost all of the vast territories of the USSR are of major importance. These data make it possible to solve the problems of the origin and formation of the many peoples of the USSR through utilization of both modern and fossilized materials as historical sources. The very concept of a “human race” has been subjected to analysis; so have the degrees of dynamism and stability of a race, the relationship between race and constitution, and various techniques of racial analysis (M. S. Akimova, V. P. Alekseev, V. V. Bunak, I. I.Gokhman, V. V.Ginzburg, G. F. Debets, T. S. Konduktorova, M. G. Levin, N. S. Rozov, T. A. Trofimova, N. N. Cheboksarov, A. I. Iarkho, and others). Studies have been done on the age-linked variability of racial characteristics in children (N. N. Miklashev-skaia) and in adults (A. I. Iarkho and G. L. Khit’). Investigations in the area of population genetics based on somatic and serological materials have been greatly intensified (Iu. G. Rychkov). Generalizations have been made on the systematics, mutual affinity, and origin of human races.

In the field of human morphology, the following have undergone development: the study of physical development, body proportions, constitution, relationships between different dimensions of the body, growth regularities (specifically the periodization of the growth process and nonuniformities in the growth of distinct segments of the body), and methods of anthropometry (D.I. Aron, V. V. Bunak, P. N. Bashkirov, P. I. Zenkevich, A. A. Malinovskii, V. G. Shtefko, A. I. Iarkho, and others). The study of relationships between morphological traits and functional traits has been expanded (T. I. Alekseeva and others). Detailed studies have been made of dermatoglyphics (M. V. Volotskoi, T. D. Gladkova, and P. S. Semenovskii). Racial and sexual peculiarities in dentition have been studied by A. A. Zubov.

Soviet anthropology has carried out extensive research on the very urgent problem of acceleration—that is, the almost universally observable acceleration of the growth and physiological development of children (V. G. Vlastovskii and V. S. Solov’eva).

Applications of mathematical techniques to the solution of anthropological problems have also been studied—that is, problems such as establishing regularities in the variability of physical characteristics and criteria and combinations of those characteristics, factor analysis of intragroup variations, studies of the measure of correspondence between the distribution of measurable criteria on the normal curve, analysis of intergroup variability, and in particular the reality of differences between groups of people—territorial groups, professional groups, and so forth (M. V. Ignat’ev, Iu. S. Kur-shakova, A. V. Pugacheva, V. P. Chtetsov, and others).

There are also opportunities for applying anthropological knowledge to industry: anthropological standards have been set for articles of clothing, footwear, headgear, gloves, bus seats, railway car seats, school desks, and so forth.

Anthropological data have been proven to be of direct benefit in forensic medicine, particularly in the compilation of composite portraits based on oral descriptions and tables facilitating determination of sex, age, and racial affinities from bone remnants with greater or lesser accuracy. An-thropogenetics has found application in resolving paternity disputes.

In addition to Moscow University, where there is the specialized Institute of Anthropological Studies and where cadres of specialists in anthropology are being trained in the anthropology department of the biological faculty, research on anthropology is carried on in the USSR in various laboratories, at institutes of the Academy of Sciences, in universities and other institutions located in Leningrad, Kiev, Tbilisi, Tartu, Riga, Tomsk, and other cities. Special note should be taken of the development of anthropology in the sister republics: in the Georgian SSR (M. G. Abdushelishvili), Kazakh SSR (O. Ismagulov), Uzbek SSR (L. V. Oshanin, V. Ia. Zezenkova, and K. Nadzhimov), Ukrainian SSR (L. P. Nikolaev and V. D. Diachenko), and Estonian SSR (u. M. Aul’ and K. Iu. Mark).

Anthropological institutions in the USSR are carrying on extensive work in the dissemination of knowledge among the general population by publishing books and pamphlets and by sponsoring lectures on topics concerned with the creation of human life and human types, the creation of the human races, and so forth. The Museum of the Institute of Anthropological Studies of Moscow University and the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad play a major role in publicizing and disseminating anthropological knowledge.

Anuchin, D. N. “Beglyi vzgliad na proshloe antropologii i na ee zadachi v Rossii.” Russkii antropologicheskii zhurnal,1900, no. 1.
Bunak, V. V. “Sovremennoe sostoianie i ocherednye zadachi sovetskoi antropologii.” Voprosy antropologii,1962, issue 10.
Bunak, V. V., M. F. Nesturkh, and Ia. Ia. Roginskii. Antropologiia: Kratkii kurs. Moscow, 1941.
Ginzburg, V. V. Elementy antropologii dlia medikov. Leningrad, 1963.
Levin, M.G. Ocherkipo istoriiantropologii v Rossii. Moscow, 1960.
Roginskii, Ia. Ia., and M.G. Levin. Antropologiia,2nd ed. Moscow, 1963.
Grimm, G. Osnovy konstitutsional’noi biologii i antropometrii. Moscow, 1967.
Human Biology. Oxford, 1964.
Jubilé du Centenaire de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris. Paris, 1959.
Martin, R. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung, 3rd ed., vols. 1–2. Stuttgart, 1956–60.
Montagu, A. An Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 3rd ed. Springfield, 1960.

Voprosy antropologii. Moscow (since 1960).
L’Anthropologie. Paris (since 1890).
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. London (since 1871).
Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie Stuttgart (since 1899).
Przeglad Anthropologiczny. Poznan (since 1926).
L’Anthropologie. Prague (1923–41).
American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Philadelphia (since 1918).
Current Anthropology. Chicago (since 1960).

IA. IA. ROGINSKII [2–308–21

The study of the interrelations of biological, cultural, geographical, and historical aspects of humankind.

the study of humans, their origins, physical characteristics, institutions, religious beliefs, social relationships, etc.
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At some point, you may want to pass the business on to your children, or to someone else in the company. You may want to sell your share to your business partner. Or you may want to sell the business to another person or company, and retire on the proceeds. Ideally, you will choose the timing and method of your exit from the business. However, the way life unfolds sometimes, business owners do not always have a choice in what happens, or when.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.ascentwa.com.au

Good advice and insight. Your best Next Step is to contact EGS for a powerful and free consultation.

Best Time to Start on a Succession Plan? The Day You Start Your Business – Annapolis Estate Planning

It may sound whimsical, but the moment you open a business is also the time to start thinking about how you’ll exit the business, whether you intend to sell to a partner, leave the entire business to a family member or sell as soon as you come up with the next big idea.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: blog.holdencampbell.com

We like the advice from this legal group in Annapolis. EGS specializes in exit strategies built to maximize company value.

Realtors (and Consultants): Lay Groundwork for Your Exit Strategy

Most real estate professionals fail to have an exit strategy in their business, but that also means they may miss out on creating a valuable income stream for themselves in retirement.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: realtormag.realtor.org

Here’s some good exit advice for consultants who, like realtors, build a strong solo business. EGS understands and is ready to bootstrap your custom plan.

Want an exit strategy from your business?

Insights into preparing and implementing an exit strategy to leave your business.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.warrenbdc.com

If this Toronto firm was U.S.-based, I’d be guilty of plugging a competitor. No worries. This group gets it and you should read it. Then call EGS for a courtesy confidential consulation.

The importance of an exit strategy | small business | lynda.com

Small business owners: Don’t let retirement and leaving your small business catch you off-guard! Learn some practical tips on developing an exit strategy.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.youtube.com

LinkedIn’s Lynda service includes excellent training and motivation tools. Here’s one that’s directly on-point for the EGS mission: The Importance of an Exit Strategy. About 5 minutes. Enjoy!

Exit Strategies for Startups | Lexology

“What is your exit strategy?” This is one of the most common questions that startups or early stage companies are asked, but many entrepreneurs have not given this much thought.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.lexology.com

Nicely written short article emphasizes “beginning with the end in mind” as a strategy. And this is how we roll at EGS.

How U.K. small business owners can plan their exit to attract a buyer | Growing Business

Your plan should cover the whole exit process, including:

  • Identifying the most likely type of buyer that will give you the best price
  • Positioning the business to get you the best valuation and ensuring that you are ready for the due diligence process
  • Demonstrating a growth strategy and having the right team in place.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: startups.co.uk

Here’s a checklist article from the U.K. Good stuff, and EGS is ready to help customize to your business.

What Investors are REALLY Asking When They Ask About Your Exit Strategy – QuestFusion

Articulate that you want to grow your business, that you are committed for the long term, that you are flexible, and that you will work with your investors to do what is right and drives the best return on investment.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: questfusion.com

This article slams home our advice to “begin with the end in mind.” And it adds several good reasons worth your attention. Not a startup? EGS will bootstrap quickly for you.

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Thursday, January 31, 2008

Hamas is not the real issue

Neve Gordon in Comment is Free:
The central issue for Israel is not Hamas, but rather Palestinian sovereignty. The recent crisis reveals, once more, that Israel's August 2005 unilateral withdrawal from Gaza was not an act of decolonisation but rather the reorganisation of Israeli power and the implementation of neo-colonial rule. . .

The experiment in Gaza is, in other words, not really about the bombardment of Israeli citizens or even about Israel's ongoing efforts to undermine Hamas. It is simply a new draconian strategy aimed at denying the Palestinians their most basic right to self-determination. It is about showing them who is in control, about breaking their backs, so that they lower their expectations and bow down to Israeli demands. The Palestinians understood this and courageously destroyed their prison wall while crying out into the wilderness for international support. Instead of the expected outrage, the only response they received was a weak echo of their own cry for help.
More >


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You know that fracking thing? For the uninitiated, hydraulic fracturing (a.k.a. fracking) is the technique of injecting water, sand and chemicals at high pressures into shale and other tight rock formations to release the fuel trapped inside. Combined with horizontal drilling, fracking has allowed us to access huge amounts of heretofore unrecoverable natural gas.

What a bonanza: a new and sizable source of natural gas. And, at first blush, a fuel that’s good for the environment: natural gas is the cleanest of the fossil fuels and has already begun displacing coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel, in U.S. power plants.

Complications With Fracking

But alas, as with most too-good-to-be-true things, fracking’s got some downsides. Among the more vexing is the potential for significant environmental costs. Measurements suggest that, at least in some cases, drilling operations that include fracking have caused contamination of surface and drinking water, and fracking operations, like all natural gas drilling, cause the leakage of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. Since the fracking rush is way past the start phase, these are probably not non-starters for fracking, but they do represent huge challenges for industry and government who need to make sure they are appropriately addressed.

Wastewater Complication

Now a paper published this week in the journal Environmental Science and Technology by Nathaniel Warner formerly of Duke University and colleagues focuses on another of those environmental costs: disposal of wastewater.

Hydraulic fracturing, as the term implies, involves water — both at the front end with fracking fluid, the water-based chemical cocktail that is injected into the shale, and at the back end where there is flowback water and produced water.

Flowback water (which literally “flows back” during the fracking process) is a mixture of fracking fluid and formation water (i.e., water rich in brine from the targeted shale gas-rich rock). Once the chemistry of the water coming out of the well resembles the rock formation rather than the fracking fluid, it is known as produced water and can continue to flow as long as a well is in operation. (For more, see “Natural Gas, Hydrofracking and Safety: The Three Faces of Fracking Water.”)

As a general rule, you would not want to take a shower much less drink flowback or formation water, nor would you want to just pour the stuff into a river or stream (although that has been known to happen, as described here and here). Fracking wastewater can contain massive amounts of brine (salts), toxic metals, and radioactivity. And so the gas companies have a problem: what to do with the stuff.

Ideally, the water would be reused or recycled, eliminating the need for immediate disposal. And indeed there is a lot of that. In the Marcellus Shale gas country of Pennsylvania, for example, a large percentage of the water, in the vicinity of 70 percent, is currently reused. And methods to reuse more are being developed. Even so, that leaves a massive amount of toxic wastewater to be disposed of.

One disposal route is injection into deep wells, and a good deal of flowback and produced water from the Marcellus Shale is transported to Ohio for just such a deep burial. But this method has its own problems — the injection process has the inconvenient habit of causing an earthquake every now and again.

Another alternative is waste treatment: removing the contaminants and then dumping the“clean” water into a nearby sewer or river. But you can’t use a standard municipal water treatment plant to treat flowback and produced water as those facilities are just not designed to handle the level of contamination, especially radioactivity, found in these waters. (See here, here, here, here and here.)

But there are so-called brine treatment plants that are at least in principle equipped to handle that level of contamination. Although they’ve been in use for quite some time to treat water from conventional oil and gas operations, many facilities of this type have been found lacking and some have even incurred fines for failure to meet Clean Water Act or other regulatory standards.

Treated water

Left: contaminated water in. Center: sludge. Right: cleaner water out. Operators at an oil and gas wastewater treatment plant I visited last year claim the cleaned water on the right is suitable for dumping into the municipal waste water stream.

So how well do these facilities really do? What is their downstream impact? Warner and his colleagues set out to find out.

The Effluent From a Plant Designed to Treat Fracking Effluent

Specifically, the authors looked at the effluent from the Josephine Brine Treatment Facility in western Pennsylvania and its impact on downstream water quality and sediment. The plant, which only treats oil and gas wastewater, dumps its effluent into Blacklick Creek, a kayaking and whitewater destination. Over a two-year period beginning in August 2010, Warner et al. collected effluent as well as downstream and background water and sediment samples, and analyzed them for key contaminants and radioactivity.

You could say that the results raise some concerns:

  • While radioactive “radium [was] substantially (>90%) reduced in the treated effluents,” stream sediments at the point of discharge were about 200 times background levels. The good news is that most of the radium appears to be localized in those nearby sediments**. The concern is that by hanging around at elevated concentrations, it can potentially be a long-term source of radiation for nearby aquatic life. It also has the potential to be remobilized and transported downstream eventually.
  • Chloride and bromide concentrations downstream of the plant were on average 4.5 and 12 times background levels.  The plant was found to contribute about 90 percent of the downstream chloride content. Bromide enrichment can be a problem for downstream drinking water treatment facilities given that carcinogenic compounds form during chlorination in the presence of bromide.

Indeed, these problems have been on the radar of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection “since at least July 2011, when the agency tested the sediments at Blacklick Creek and found radioactivity higher than the base line established by EPA.” (Read more here.) In a settlement [pdf] with EPA, Fluid Recovery Services LLC, the parent company of the Josephine Brine Treatment Plant and two other facilities where contamination was found, agreed to required upgrades, tighter treatment standards, and monitoring for radioactivity once the plant begins accepting shale gas wastewater. (More here [pdf].)

The Effluent From a Plant Designed to Treat Fracking Effluent

Effluent isn’t the only byproduct. As part of the treatment, chemicals are added to the fracking wastewater to precipitate out salts and metals. And just like the water from the plant, plant operators must have a place to send the precipitates to. Warner et al. calculate that each kilogram of the resulting sludge could contain roughly 900 becquerels of radium* (at 900 becquerels of radioactivity, 900 atoms of radium decay every second emitting a high-energy alpha particle and leaving behind a radioactive gas, radon). This level of radiation exceeds the level for application to soil and may also exceed some landfill limits as well. And if it exceeds landfill limits, then it has to be treated as a hazardous waste, which is another can of radioactive and contaminated worms in its own right.

Are all treatment plants like Josephine? I suspect not. One advanced plant I visited during an eco-fact-finding trip to Pennsylvania in June 2012, run by Eureka Resources, appeared to do a pretty thorough job of getting contaminants out of wastewater from fracking operations (see photo), but even it has garnered some air quality violations from EPA. And plants like Eureka’s are not a panacea: even these plants have to deal with the sludge that’s left behind; they are expensive, and at least for now, their current capacity is quite limited.

You gotta feel bad for the gas companies. Their shale gas boom keeps coming up with cracks they need to seal up — in this case the crack is leaking some really foul water.

End Note

* Assumes half of the wastewater treated at the facility is wastewater from Marcellus Shale gas wells.

** In 2011, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection found levels of radium were still elevated in samples collected 20 meters downstream from the point of discharge.

  1. Paul Walker
    West Virginia
    January 11, 2015, 4:15 pm

    The recent fracking boom here in our home state of West Virginia, was thought to be great. After they entered our towns, and after about 4 years of fracking every hill side, many many people that I know of have developed intestinal issues, cancers of the thyroids, and have many unknown issues affecting kidneys. Many people have watched these trucks just dumping pipes into the creeks, and even into roadside ditches, all the while donations are being made to the police departments and state police etc. Also told that its the landowners responsibility to test their own waters every year to make sure that it remains safe to drink it. Many of us do not have the money to do such tests, and now most of the waters has a slight brownish tint color to it with a fishy smell. WE noticed a few years ago that most of the animals like the deer started to decrease in numbers, last year we noticed the birds seemed to be much less in the areas, as living in the countryside and watching each and every year we have noticed that everything has started to die off, even the fish, the joke around our towns is what fish, because if they don’t stock the creeks no fish exist now. The ironic thing is people have gotten used to the idea of stock and then fish, but even those stocked fish wont survivie long in the waters. What can any of us do, when our waters are not safe, and our animals/wildlife are all developing tumors. When the people goto the doctors they wont release the increase of numbers of sick people, but the churches are starting to write it down so that a record can be made available in each community and that people can see the increase of sicknesses developing. They created plants up this direction that refine the gas for use, now people are saying they are dumping huge amounts of benzene’s into the atmosphere at night the dew drops, and local people that have wells nearby there own homes are getting sick. All the while these huge waste ponds they use byside the creeks, and no one tests the creek waters, also our local county wont even test the waters that people bring to them. They have completely dismissed the people and the local testing of anyones waters, saying quite frankly that people do not know how to bottle the water to appropriate tests, and then mentioning that fracking is completely safe, well I spent some time in the ER’s and found that many of the gas workers are sick. Interesting how everyone turns a blind eye.

  2. April Wicke
    March 18, 2014, 3:33 pm

    Take this fracking waste water and put it on the Koch boys driveway and vegetable garden..then some more to Corbett and those stupid republicans who think its ok…light up their brains for a change with details they can’t twist like brain cancer…then watch them squirm and whine

  3. Neil Havers
    Courtenay, BC
    March 12, 2014, 2:42 pm

    Resirkulere USA has developed a frac waste water filtration system that is being used extensively in the Bakken Play as well as in Texas. Using their MAGIC TANK they successfully filter frac waste water for reuse, rather than disposal.

  4. Andy
    March 11, 2014, 4:27 pm

    Fracking is not evil. Just as socialism was made evil by the media (look it up, America’s structure is a socialism-democracy hybrid) fracking has been deemed evil since big oil companies are an easy target. I’m not defending past behavior, but our demand we’ve placed for hydrocarbons in the transportation is unsustainable without oil. Furthermore, exporting our oil is boosting our gdp and is good for our economy which has been struggling for sometime now and if we’re ever going to recover our $13 trillion debt, we’re going to have to start producing more (and fracking is one way we will).

  5. J
    January 12, 2014, 9:30 pm

    Wow! Even trying to post that I choose not to moderate my comments is delayed awaiting “moderation.” As Strother Martin said in Cool Hand Luke, “Some men you just can’t reach.”

  6. J
    January 12, 2014, 9:27 pm

    I choose not to moderate my comments. They are far more reasonable than most of the other comments, and that makes me believe that this is content censorship.

  7. J
    Mid-Atlantic Area
    January 12, 2014, 9:25 pm

    I might have gotten more out of the information presented in this article, had it not been for the snarky presentation. It smells of academic elitism. Moreover, after reading the comments, I fear for the Republic.

  8. Tom
    Eastern Pa/
    January 6, 2014, 1:41 pm

    Pa. is developing a pipeline for natural gas to be set up in Marcus Hook which will be shipped to Norway. Great. We get the same natural gas prices, dirty water if there’s any left and bad air. And we hardly tax them because the Gov. gets a big campaign contribution. All for those whale killers of Norway. Thanks, Toomey and Corbett.

  9. Stephen Aske
    North Dakota, USA
    October 19, 2013, 3:15 pm

    Fracking not safe ?? So what? Who needs all that prime farm land up in North Dakota that helps feed a major portion of the world???

  10. Don Grotefend
    Dallas Tx
    October 16, 2013, 9:40 am

    So lets see…Frack for gas so that it can be sold at a nice profit to China, leaving behind waste, ruined water wells,
    airborn health issues, waterborn health issues….all in a period of 15 to 20 years by some estimates. with the health cost lasting genarations. Its so incredibly shortsighted…
    When money talks, selfish listens.


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Cobscook tidal project environmental review

Wednesday, January 11, 2012

A tidal energy project proposed in Maine has passed an initial federal environmental review.  Federal regulators have released an environmental assessment of the Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project (182-page PDF), finding generally that licensing the hydrokinetic project with appropriate environmental protective measures would not constitute a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment.

The Cobscook Bay project is proposed by Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC.  ORPC proposes to develop a 300 kilowatt hydrokinetic project in Cobscook Bay near the city of Eastport and the town of Lubec, Maine.  The project entails five cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine generator units, each with a rated capacity of 60 kW.  According to FERC, the project's construction will cost an estimated $11.5 million, with operation and maintenance adding $146,000 per year.  Staff's analysis suggests that during its first year of operation, the project would produce power at a cost that is $1.3 million more than the cost of alternative power (or about 1 cent per kWh above alternative power).

ORPC Maine has applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for an 8-year pilot license for the Cobscook project.  Under the National Environmental Policy Act, federal agencies must evaluate the environmental impacts of agency actions such as issuing licenses for energy projects.  Performing an environmental assessment is one step in the NEPA process.  If the agency concludes that issuing the license would have relatively minor environmental impacts, as the FERC did for the Cobscook project, it can avoid the more stringent review process of preparing an environmental impact statement.

In the Cobscook project's environmental assessment, FERC staff recommended licensing the project with several additional modifications.  FERC invites public comment for 30 days following publication of notice of the environmental assessment.

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6.8. Transferring Files with FTP

This section provides an introduction to uploading files via FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP can be used to transfer files of any type, but most commonly it's used to transfer content to your websites. This chapter focuses on this specific use.

By the end of this section the reader will be able to upload files and directories to their website using FTP.

Begin by using the procedure outlined in the previous section "System Access Control" to configure your EnGarde Secure Linux machine to permit FTP access from your IP address or network.

The next step is to configure the FTP server. Log into Guardian Digital WebTool, click the Services menu, choose the File Transfer Protocol link, then choose the General Configuration from the Modules menu and you'll be presented with a screen like the one in Figure 6-19.

Figure 6-19. FTP Server Configuration

Fill out the information on this page using the suggestions below:

When done click the Save Changes button. You should now be able to FTP into your machine as a local user, navigate to your web sites Document Root (as shown in Figure 6-17), and upload content.


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in life

Why You Should Write

Most people don’t ever put themselves in a very public position to be challenged.

That’s what writing does.

Without writing, we may go on believing everything we think is true. It’s one thing to discuss an issue and even orally, but your cognition has no permanence it isn’t crystallized like writing is.

I think writing publicly to an audience that can critique us shows us the fragility of our cognition and just how weak we really are mentally.

Writing is a form of spartan training for your brain in a lot of ways. If you’re willing to try nootropics to try to get smarter, you should definitely experiment with writing too.  Try writing and getting it heavily critiqued.

It’s a form of improvement.

Most people would never put themselves in a position to have their cognitive understanding of something challenged by a large group of people.

To get smarter, educate yourself, and educate others, but be open to correction, critique, being challenged, and evidence when it’s presented.

Write a Comment


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Gray Tufted Sofa

Gray Tufted Sofa

The gray tufted sofa is a trendy, sophisticated style to incorporate into a contemporary space. However, since many people are looking for this type of sofa, cut-rate manufacturers are producing gray tufted sofas that won’t last. England Furniture believes that furniture should be high quality with fair prices—and each peace is made in America.

The Brody Sofa in this gray color might just be the gray tufted sofa of your dreams. Its dark tapered legs contrast with the soft tufted back and rounded tops. England Furniture is comfortable, stylish and will last your family for years to come. While there are so many reasons to love this gray tufted sofa, this sofa comes in a wide variety of colors and textures.

Width 81″

Depth 38″

Height 36″

Seat Width 72″

Seat Depth 22″

Seat Height 21″

Gray Tufted Sofa


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Debbie Blue – Consider the Birds [Feature Review]

December 27, 2013 — Leave a comment

Way More Than is Promised

A Feature Review of

Consider the Birds: A Provocative Guide to Birds of the Bible

Debbie Blue

Paperback: Abingdon, 2013
Buy now:  [ Amazon ]   [ Kindle ]

Reviewed by Helen Lee

Four years ago, our family hung its first bird feeder, which wasn’t even a real feeder at all. It actually was an empty two-liter soda bottle filled with seeds, onto which I’d attached the simple $5 accessories needed to transform it into a feeder. And I tried to imagine what, if any, actual birds would be drawn to this clunky contraption. But as it’s been said, “if you feed them, they will come.” And did they ever.

Black-capped chickadees, to start, but then all manner of sparrows, songbirds, and finches followed, an overflowing of unexpected feathered friends who transformed our drab backyard into an constant source of delight and discovery. And it all began with a humble recycled soda bottle.

As a bird-lover myself, I was eager to read Debbie Blue’s Consider the Birds: A Provocative Guide to Birds of the Bible, although my preconceived notions of the book were similar to how I felt hanging up that soda bottle feeder—a bit skeptical and uncertain what to expect. Birds in the Bible? Doves, ravens, and are there really any others to note? I wondered. I realize now that Consider the Birds is a humbly-named book that will do far more than open up your understanding to a handful of birds in the Scriptures. It will also increase your understanding of both the Bible and its Author, creator of words and birds alike, in ways that will delight you and spur you on to discover more.

I should not have been surprised by this, given what I learned about Blue from her back-cover bio. She is one of the founding pastors at House of Mercy church in St. Paul, Minnesota, and her “sermon podcasts are listened to by subscribers around the world.” Based on her dry wit alone, I can believe it. On Aristotle’s observations of animals, as one of the first to classify the animal kingdom in a systematic way: “Clearly he spent some time watching sponges, overtly and covertly trying to detach them. I like that in a Greek philosopher.”

But more than her flashes of humor, her pastoral sensibilities resound throughout the book. I expected meditations on birds of the Bible, but instead I was treated to thoughtful observations on parenting, on power, and on culture; she writes as a concerned pastor would for her flock, wanting to expose them to all manner of current-day threats and dangers to the spiritual health of her sheep, yet using the seemingly innocuous topic of birds to do this. But make no mistake: this book can pierce you right through, if you let it.
For example, as she shares on the topic of medieval perceptions of the pelican, she moves into a discussion on the topic of sacrifice that stops me full force, so that I just have to put down the book and sit for a while with what she has written. (I like that in a book. Even when it brings me to tears. Or, especially when it brings me to tears.) Blue writes:

Anyone who has ever had or been a child knows the last thing you want to hear from your parents is ‘I sacrificed for you.’ It’s not what you want. It doesn’t feel like love. You don’t want them to give up their lives for you; you need them to be alive—the more fully alive, the better.

I cannot tell you how many times I have heard this idea expressed to me by my own parents, Korean immigrants who worked unimaginably hard to carve out a life for themselves and for me. Sacrifice was my parents’ language of love, instead of saying the words out loud, which they never have done. But Blue is right: although I am grateful to them, I have also struggled with the guilt that my life has not made their sacrifices worthwhile. And it gets me thinking about my own parenting, how I have, in my less admirable moments, expressed my own frustration to my kids about my sacrifices in being a homeschooling mom. Sacrifice must be given freely, without any strings attached, in order to represent love in its truest sense.

CLICK HERE to continue reading on Page 2


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QR Code
Cold and wet while shooting Jukebox Republic
  • Detailed map and direction

    Detailed map and direction

    Detailed map and direction

What's it like to shoot a film during biting cold and extremely wet eleven days, on Jukebox Republic.

Harlem Yu vs monkey business!

Shirley Lin introduces Harlem Yu's latest album about "monkeys", on Jukebox Republic.

Red envelopes

Tune into Classic Shorts to find out the legend behind the tradition of giving children red envelopes during the Chinese New Year holiday.

The Hong Ju Tang Book Company

In an area of Taipei known as “book street” is a shop that’s grown more and more unusual over the years- a book shop. As many of the local book shops go, the Hong Ju Tang Book Company stands out more and more. In part, this is because the book store has been open since 1936. But this bookstore is also notable in that many of its books are in a foreign language- Japanese. Inside are many books that other stores in Taiwan would shrink away from selling- specialized Japanese books on different aspects of science and technology, for instance. But while it’s in a niche market, the store continues to march on even as many local, Chinese-language bookshops go under. How has the store made it for more than 80 years, and why does it continue to succeed? Here to share his thoughts is third-generation shopkeeper Huang Cheng-yeh.

Madeleine Cheng, founder of Easee Globe

Madeleine talks about her business, Easee Globe, how the name came about and her vision for Taiwan, on In the Spotlight.

Photo courtesy of Madeleine Cheng

Chinese New Year Foods

Welcome to the Year of the Dog! It’s Chinese New Year, and that means that wherever you go, you’ll run into piles and piles of food. Across Taiwan this week, as workers celebrate with a week-long holiday, there will be so much feasting that by the end of it, it may be difficult to move. What is it that people are eating so much of? Like many holidays, Chinese New Year comes with its own set of traditional foods, and this week, with the help of Taiwanese food blogger Tim, we’re setting out to explore them.

Taiwan, Your Home in Asia

Tune into Taiwan Today as Natalie Tso speaks with Ping Chu, the founder of the Forward Taiwan movement which has been working to make Taiwan more open to foreigners.

Ping talks about the new landmark act for foreign professionals that came into effect this month and how it makes it easier for foreigners to work and live here.

Foreigners interested in work in Taiwan can check out the government's website Contact Taiwan.

“Fitting in in Chinese” is a special series on Chinese to Go, which is jointly produced by the Chinese Language Center of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages and Radio Taiwan International.

Episode 38

Gift giving

  無禮Wú lǐ

(Sònglǐ, wú lǐ: Dì yī cì dào péngyǒu jiā chīfàn, méi sònglǐ shì hěn wú lǐ de.)

The first time you go to a friend’s house to eat, not bringing a gift is very impolite.

(Lǐwù, lǐfú: Bùyòng chuān zhèngshì de lǐfú, kěshì yào dài lǐwù huò shì lǐjīn.)

It’s not necessary to dress formally, but you must bring a gift or a red envelope with cash.

(Zhíjiē, jiànjiē: Zhè zhǒng wèntí, zuì hǎo bùyào zhíjiē wèn tā běnrén, qǐng péngyǒu jiànjiē wèn.)

It’s best not to ask someone this kind of question directly. It’s better to have a third party ask.

(Jiēsòng, jiējìn: Nà tiáo gǒu měitiān jiēsòng xiǎo zhǔrén shàngxià xué. Nǐ pà gǒu, jiù bùyào jiējìn tā.)

That dog goes to and from school with its owner every day. You’re afraid of dogs, so better not get too close.

(Wùjià, fángjià: Zuìjìn de wùjià nàme gāo, fángjià dāngrán jiù gèng guìle.)

Recently the price of everything has gone up.  So, the price of houses has, of course, gone up too.

(Jiàzhí, jiàqián: Zhǐyào nǐ xǐhuān, nà jiù yǒu jiàzhí. Bùyào kǎolǜ jiàqián de gāodī.)

If you like it, then of course it’s worth the cost.  Don’t just consider the price!

禮 (Lǐ)

送禮 (Sònglǐ)

(Xiǎng yào sòng duì lǐwù yěshì yīzhǒng yìshù.)

(Wú lǐ )

(Nǐ yǐjīng bùshì xiǎo háizile, zěnme háishì nàme wú lǐ?)

Sòng lǐwù zuì zhòngyào de shì xīnyì.

(Nǐ chuān zhè jiàn lǐfú zhēn piàoliang!)

接 (Jiē)

直接 (Zhíjiē)

(Wǒ xiǎng nǐ zìjǐ zhíjiē wèn tā bǐjiào hǎo.)

(Zhè shì biérén jiànjiē jiāo gěi wǒ de.)

(Měitiān àn shí jiēsòng háizi shàngxià xué.)

(Nà zhī mǔgǒu tài xiōngle, wǒmen méi bànfǎ jiējìn nàxiē xiǎo gǒu).

(Xiànzài de wùjià, yītiān bǐ yītiān gāole.)

How China sees the DPP and KMT

Tune into Eye on China as Natalie Tso speaks with visiting Fudan Fellow at Shanghai's Fudan University, Bill Sharp, at how Chinese experts see Taiwan's main political parties, the Democratic Progressive Party and the Kuomintang.

Lunar New Year’s Special-Year of the Dog

Thursday Feb.15, is Chinese New Year’s Eve meaning we are going to usher in the year of the dog on this coming Friday. The Year of the Earth Dog is a good time of lifestyle changes for example if you smoke, you may try to quit smoking this year and it is also a good year to start new business ventures.

There are 12 animal signs and they are the Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and the Pig. So people born in the year of 2018, this year, and then 2006,1996,1982,1970,1958 and 1946 belong to the dog. It also means next year, 2019 is the year of the pig. So it is very simple, the animal zodiac is a 12-year-cycle of 12 signs. You may then calculate your own animal sign.

The dog ranks as the eleventh animal in Chinese zodiac and the dog is a symbol of loyalty and honesty. People born in this year are honest, friendly, loyal and smart, but they can also be stubborn sometimes

Three more regional delicacies

John Van Trieste and Shirley Lin introduce three more must-eat regional specialties in Taiwan, on Status Update.

Photo uploaded to Wikipedia by user Seasurfer.

Link: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/淡水阿給#/media/File:Agei.JPG

Why red?

Tune into Classic Shorts and find out why red is the color for Chinese New Year.

The Grass Mountain Chateau

To the north of Taipei is a scenic building with spaces available for artistic and cultural events to rent out. For a fee, you can arrange to get your wedding photos taken here too. From the outside the official English name of this place, the “Grass Mountain Chateau”, may seem a bit overwrought. You certainly won’t find any of the stone towers or vineyards you’d associate with a chateau here. But while low-key, this building is in one of Taiwan’s most beautiful spots, on the misty and hot spring-filled flanks of Yangming Mountain. And while there are few signs of it today, the chateau was once deemed fit for royalty, and has hosted some of the most important figures of Taiwan’s modern history. Here w to discuss the chateau and its important guests is Lu Kuo-bin, the site’s director.

Madeleine Cheng of Easee Globe

Maddy grew up in the States but came back to Taiwan and started a business. In this first half of the interview, Maddy talks about her life pursuing education, on In the Spotlight.

Photo courtesy of Madeleine Cheng

New Year Valentine's Treat!

When two holidays collide, it calls for a special treat to celebrate! In today's Feast, we meet Karen Farley, co-founder of KP Kitchen Taiwan, who has conjured up a special treat in honor Valentine's Day and the Chinese Lunar New Year. (You'll find the recipe here.)

What's on the menu today?

In our first course, Andrew sits down with Karen at KP Kitchen Taiwan to learn how baking has played an important role in her life, both on and off the clock. In our second course Karen introduces a treat that she conjured up in her test kitchen, which was inspired by both Valentine’s Day and the Year of the Dog. And in our third and final course, we’ll be sampling those treats right here in the studio!

About Karen:

When avid baker Karen Farley moved to Asia more than eight years ago, she realized she'd have to get creative if she wanted to continue baking; the ovens were smaller than she was used to in Canada, and not all the ingredients she needed were readily available.

Today, Karen is the owner of KP Kitchen Taiwan, which she founded with her husband Patrick. The business sells boxed mixes which enable customers low-stress ways to make brownies, cookies, or even pizza in their Taiwanese kitchens. But what did it take to launch such an endeavor? And how did Karen need to adjust her recipes for the Taiwanese market? Tune in to find out!

Listen now: click on the headphone icon (↑) above to hear this episode, or select previous episodes from the list below (↓).

Visit KP Kitchen Taiwan:

On Instagram

On Facebook

On their web site

The Taipei International Book Exhibition

Early each year, the world’s publishers and booksellers gather in Taipei for one of the global book business’ most important events. The Taipei International Book Exhibition is a sprawling fair where publishing agents strike copyright deals, bookshops show off their wares, and Taiwan’s insatiable readers stock their bookshelves for another year. Taiwanese publishers, of course, wouldn’t dream of missing it. But neither would international publishers serious about Asia. What is it that draws so many booksellers and book lovers from around the world here, especially given the big book markets just next door? This week, as the fair celebrates its 26th edition, we’re talking with Tu Wen-chen of the Taipei Book Fair Foundation to find out.

Learn about the up and coming global destination: Taitung

Taitung was listed by Booking.com as the top 10 up and coming destinations for 2018.Tune into Taiwan Today as Natalie Tso brings you an interview with Taitung County Magistrate Justin Huang. Huang shares how he has helped Taitung become an up and coming global destination.

Taitung's famous Hot Air Balloon Festival was also recently ranked as one of the top 12 hot air balloon festivals of the world. Huang shares how this festival was birthed from nothing to attractive new hot air balloon industry in just the past 7 years. He also shares about other how Taitung has become a world class sports and leisure destination. Taitung hosted the 2017 World Surf League Men's and Women's Longboard Championships and the IronMan 70.3 Triathalon.

The interview is a part of Radio Taiwan International's series with city mayors and county magistrates about how they are promoting the New Southbound Policy. The New Southbound Policy aims to build closer ties with Southeast Asia, South Asia, New Zealand and Australia.

Do the Chinese get Taiwan?

Tune into Eye on China as Natalie Tso speaks with Bill Sharp, visiting Fudan Fellow at Shanghai's Fudan University about how much Chinese experts really understand the Taiwanese.

“Fitting in in Chinese” is a special series on Chinese to Go, which is jointly produced by the Chinese Language Center of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages and Radio Taiwan International.

Episode 37

阿山: 你們吃過臭豆腐沒?
(Āshān: Nǐmen chīguò chòu dòufu méi?)
Ashan: Have you ever eaten “stinky tofu”?

歐福: 沒吃過。聽名字就不想吃。
(Ōu fú: Méi chīguò. Tīng míngzì jiù bùxiǎng chī.)
Oufu: No. After hearing the name, I never thought of trying it.

德美: 豆腐本來就沒什麼香味。臭的豆腐，一定是臭死啦!
(Dé měi: Dòufu běnlái jiù méishénme xiāngwèi. Chòu de dòufu, yīdìng shì chòu sǐ la!)
Demei: Tofu doesn’t actually have much flavor. Tofu that stinks must really reek!

阿山: 哎呀!不是香臭的問題。是它那麼有名，就應該試試。
(Āshān: Āiyā! Bùshì xiāng chòu de wèntí. Shì tā nàme yǒumíng, jiù yīnggāi shì shì.)
Ashan: Aiya! It’s not a question of SMELL. It’s just that something that famous is worth giving a try.

德美: 好吧! 下次如果有朋友請我吃，禮貌上，我就先試一口。
(Dé měi: Hǎo ba! Xià cì rúguǒ yǒu péngyǒu qǐng wǒ chī, lǐmào shàng, wǒ jiù xiān shì yīkǒu.)
Demei: Oh all right! Next time a friend invites me to try it, for the sake of politeness, I will.

阿山: 哈! 我保證。只要你願意試一口，就一定會愛死臭豆腐了。
(Āshān: Hā! Wǒ bǎozhèng, zhǐyào nǐ yuànyì shì yīkǒu, jiù yīdìng huì ài sǐ chòu dòufule.)
Ashan: Ha! I guarantee, once you try it, you’ll LIKE it!

歐福: 好! 入境隨俗。不管好吃不好吃，我要試試。
(Ōu fú: Hǎo! Rùjìng suísú. Bùguǎn hào chī bù hào chī, wǒ yào shì shì.)
Oufu: Okay! “When in Rome”, after all. Regardless of whether it’s good or not, I WILL try it!

1. 用過: 你用過筷子沒有?
(Yòngguò: Nǐ yòngguò kuàizi méiyǒu?)
Have you ever used chopsticks?

2. 做過: 我吃過水餃，可是還沒做過水餃。
(Zuòguò: Wǒ chīguò shuǐjiǎo, kěshì hái méi zuòguò shuǐjiǎo.)
I’ve eaten shui jiao, but still haven’t made shui jiao.

3. 不是…的問題，是…的問題。
(Bùshì... De wèntí, shì... De wèntí.)

(Bùshì rén de wèntí, shì chē de wèntí.)

It’s not a question of PEOPLE, it’s a question of the CAR.

4. 不是錢的問題，是時間的問題。
(Bùshì qián de wèntí, shì shíjiān de wèntí.)
It’s not a question of MONEY, it’s a question of TIME.

5. 禮貌上先…: 禮貌上先問一下。
(Lǐmào shàng xiān...: Lǐmào shàng xiān wèn yīxià.)
For the sake of courtesy, ask first.

6. 禮貌上先讓一下。
(Lǐmào shàng xiān ràng yīxià.)
For the sake of courtesy, yield a little.

7. …，一定…死了: 38度! 一定熱死了。
(.., Yīdìng... Sǐle:38 Dù! Yīdìng rè sǐle.)

38 degrees! That’s really HOT!

8. 一輛小車坐七個人! 一定擠死了。
(Yī liàng xiǎo chē zuò qī gèrén! Yīdìng jǐ sǐle.)

One small car with seven people! That’s really crowded!

Listening Practice

(Zhè jiā cāntīng píngcháng de shēngyì jiù hěn hǎo, jīngcháng kè mǎn, wǒ měi cì qǐngkè, yě dū lái zhèlǐ, kèrén dōu chī dé hěn mǎnyì. Jīntiān rén zhème duō, dàgài shì lǚxíng tuán de lǚkè, wǒmen qù wàimiàn hē bēi chá, màn man er děng ba.)
This restaurant’s business is usually pretty good, and is frequently full of customers.
Every time I invite guests to dine here, they are all very satisfied. Today there are so
many customers. Perhaps they’re passengers from a tour group. Let’s go outside and drink some tea while we’re waiting for a table.

Meditation Melody

Tunes adapted from classics and performed by Yang Jianping (pipa player) and Ann Yao (zheng player)

Three regional delicacies

John Van Trieste and Shirley Lin begin on the list of Taiwan top ten regional delicacies on Status Update.

Photo uploaded to Wikipedia by user Tsaiid. Link:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肉圓_(台灣)#/media/File:彰化肉圓2.jpg

CK Hugo Chung: Forms of Formosa

On this week's Book of Odes, local writer CK Hugo Chung gives readings from the newly published poetry anthology Forms of Formosa (TWG Press).

Perspectives about movies

A take on Shirley's views about movies, on Jukebox Republic.

The legendary New Year animal race

Tune into Classic Shorts to hear about the Chinese New Year race and how the animals came to be on Chinese zodiac calendar.

The Huashan 1914 Creative Park

In cities around the world, there are many historic buildings that have fallen into disrepair. Some are remnants of an industry whose time has come to an end. Others are victims of circumstance, places whose occupants just moved on. Cities might choose to condemn these old buildings and turn the land over to other uses. But one complex of buildings in central Taipei, the Huashan 1914 Creative Park, shows that there is another way. This place demonstrates that not only can old buildings be brought back to life, they can also become a centers of art, culture, and tourism.

Trini Ding

Trini Ding this week talks about how she would love to be part of Toastmasters for life and how she encourages people to join the non-profit organization from as young as college age, on In the Spotlight.

Weiya- The year-end company banquet

In workplaces across Taiwan, a big milestone in the annual calendar has arrived. In the run-up to the Lunar New Year, the management organizes a “weiya”- a year-end company banquet. This catered feast is a time for employers to show appreciation for their employees. With the Year of the Dog now approaching, we too here at RTI, have had our own weiya banquet. Where does the tradition of this banquet come from? What do workers expect from a banquet? And why has this banquet become something workers look forward to all year long? Here to tell us is RTI’s Rachel Luo, whose hard work behind the scenes has helped give us at RTI many years of memorable banquets.

Good News!

“Fitting in in Chinese” is a special series on Chinese to Go, which is jointly produced by the Chinese Language Center of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages and Radio Taiwan International.

Episode 36

Good News!

(Hǎo xiāoxī!)

Good News!

(Dé měi: Lǎoshī, gāngcái dé zhōng gàosù wǒmen yīgè hǎo xiāoxī.)

Demei: Teacher, just now Dezhong told us some good news!

(Lǎoshī: Shénme hǎo xiāoxī?)

Teacher: What good news is that?

(Ōu fú: Dé zhōng de jiēdài jiātíng yào dài wǒmen sān gè qù kěndīng wán!)

Oufu: Dezhong’s host family is going to take the three of us to Kenting!

(Lǎoshī: Nà tài hǎole! Nǐmen yīdìng huì wán dé hěn kāixīn!)

Teacher: That’s wonderful! You will certainly have a great time!

(Ōu fú: Xiànzài de yóujià nàme gāo, wǒmen yīnggāi fù yóu qián, duì bùduì?)

Oufu: With gas prices so high now, we should pay for the gas, shouldn’t we?

(Lǎoshī: Lǐmào shàng xiān wèn yīxià, kěshì wǒ xiǎng tāmen bù huì shōu.)

Teacher:   It’s polite to ask, but I don’t think they will accept your offer.

(Dé měi:  Nà wǒmen yīnggāi zuò shénme?)

Demei:     What should we do, then?

歐福：    我知道，我們可以買一點吃的、喝的，或是水果。

(Ōu fú: Wǒ zhīdào, wǒmen kěyǐ mǎi yīdiǎn chī de, hē de, huò shì shuǐguǒ.)

Oufu: I know, we can buy some snacks, drinks, or fruit.

(Dé měi: Huò shì zuò jǐ gè déguó kǒuwèi de sānmíngzhì.)

Demei: Or we could make some German-style sandwiches.

(Lǎoshī:   Nǐmen zhēn dǒngshì, nǐmen de jiēdài jiārén yīdìng ài sǐ nǐmenle!)

Teacher:   You are really catching on fast. Your host families are going to love you!

Cultural Insight

(Zǐ yuē:`Sān rénxíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī yān.)

Confucius has said, “When three people walk together, one can always be my teacher.”

(Lǐmào bù huā fēn wén, dànshì jiàzhí liánchéng!)

Courtesy doesn’t cost a thing, but it’s beyond value!

Dizi by Zhang Weiliang

Zhang Weiliang is a famous dizi, xiao and xun player as well as an educator and composer. Zhang was born in 1957 and started to play dizi when he was eight and learned from a dizi master, Zhao Songting, a renowned Chinese dizi bamboo flute player born in 1924.

Rose Goossen: Why I Make

Rose Goossen is an artist from Canada living in Taipei. On this week's Book of Odes, she reads her poem entitled Why I Make.

Announcing Jan. winner

John Van Trieste and Shirley Lin announce the top comment winner for January and interview someone special to the English service this winter, on Status Update.

A Taiwan wedding

This is a repeated episode of Shirley Lin's own wedding in Taiwan for Jukebox Republic.

Don't underestimate anyone

Tune into Classic Shorts to hear the story of how dog barks and rooster crows saved the life of a top official in anicent China.

Classic idiom - 雞鳴狗盜 (jī míng gǒu dào) means "rooster crow dog steal" refers to seemlingly useless talents, things or people.

Tainan's Hayashi Department Store

There are some buildings that come to define an era. In the southern city of Tainan, for instance, when people think of the 1930’s, the grand old Hayashi Department Store comes to mind. When it was opened in 1932, it was the talk of the town. At five stories high, it was the tallest building around. And its triangular facade, jutting out assertively, seemed to be pointing towards the future. Inside were wonders then unheard of in southern Taiwan. The latest fashions, luxury goods, and exotic cuisines all beckoned. And though few could afford the prices, anyone could go in and take a look around.

After a long period of neglect, this southern landmark reopened as a department store once again in 2013. While still as imposing as ever, though, today’s Hayashi Department Store is probably unlike any department store you’ve seen before. Here to tell us about the Hayashi’s past and present is Tseng Peng-yin, the store’s deputy manager of planning

Trini Ding of Toastmasters Taiwan

Trini Ding talks about her mischievous life growing up with two older brothers in the old days of Tainan city, on In the Spotlight.

Celebrating the revival of Taiwan's indigenous languages

Taiwan is an island of languages. Its indigenous peoples, especially, speak a wealth of languages, members of the larger Austronesian family spoken from Madagascar to Easter Island. But while some Austronesian languages like Malay and Tagalog are among the most widely spoken in the world, their Taiwanese relatives face a difficult future.

The erosion caused by government policy and economic forces over the years has weakened the links that maintain indigenous language communities, and it is only relatively recently that work to repair the damage has begun. But there has been progress, and it’s not too late to make Taiwan’s first languages thrive again. The National Taitung Living Art Center is celebrating achievements in the revival of these languages through a new exhibit opened in December. Here to tell us about the success stories highlighted in the exhibit is the museum’s Tsai Nien-ju.

Make the most of your stress

Tune into Taiwan Today as Natalie Tso speaks with Dr. Kris, the author of Reset: Make the Most of Your Stress about how to manage stress in our lives.

Do you want to come along?

“Fitting in in Chinese” is a special series on Chinese to Go, which is jointly produced by the Chinese Language Center of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages and Radio Taiwan International.

Episode 35

Do  you want to come along?

(Dé zhōng: Hāi! Dé měi, ōu fú, zhège zhōumò wǒ de jiēdài jiātíng yào dài wǒ qù kěndīng, nǐmen yào bùyào yīqǐ qù?)
Dezhong: Hi! Demei, Oufu, my host family is taking me to Kenting this weekend. Do you want to come along?

(Dé měi: Nàme duō rén, fāngbiàn ma?
Demei:So many people! Would that be all right?

(Ōu fú: Nǐ wènguò nǐ de jiēdài jiārén méiyǒu?)
Oufu: Have you asked your host family yet?

(Dé zhōng: Hái méiyǒu, kěshì tā jiā yǒuyī bù jiǔ rén zuò de xiū lǚ chē, kěyǐ zuò jiǔ gèrén.)
Dezhong: Not yet, but they have a van that seats nine people.

(Ōu fú: Bùshì chēzi dàxiǎo de wèntí, shì lǐmào shàng de wèntí.)
Oufu:It’s not a question of how big the car is, it’s a question of what’s polite.

(Dé měi: Nǐ zuì hǎo xiān wèn wèn nǐ de jiārén, rúguǒ kěyǐ, wǒmen dāngrán qiúzhībùdé!)
Demei:It would be best if you first asked your family. If they say it’s “okay”, we’d be delighted to go along.

(Dé zhōng: Duìbùqǐ! Wǒ zhēn bù dǒngshì, wǒ yīnggāi xiān wèn tāmen, zài wèn nǐmen de.)
Dezhong: Sorry! I was so clueless. I should first ask them, and then invite you.

(Dé měi: Jīng yīshì zhǎng yī zhì. Xiànzài de nǐ bǐ zuótiān gèng dǒngshì la!)
Demei: Well, “Live and Learn.” Today you are more “dong shi” than yesterday!

(Ōu fú: Wǒmen jiù xiān huí jiā, děng nǐ de hǎo xiāoxī.)
Oufu: We’ll go home first, and wait for your good news.

Cultural Insight

(Jīng yīshì zhǎng yī zhì)
Live and Learn

(Měi gèrén dōu yǒu zuò cuò shìqíng de jīngyàn, yào jìqǔ jiàoxùn, bùyào pà fàncuò.)
Everybody has made mistakes. Just learn from the experience, and don’t be afraid to fail.

(Zhè shì zài zēngzhǎng nǐ de zhīnéng, lěijī nǐ de zhìhuì.)
You will increase your knowledge, and accumulate wisdom.

The Korean talks and the US

Tune into Eye on China as top strategist Alexander Huang, the director of the Institue of Strategic Studies at Tamkang University, tells us what the recent inter-Korean talks means for the US and its Asia strategy.

Chinese Piano Works

Shi Shucheng is a famous pianist born in Beijing, China. Shi Shucheng has held more than one thousand concerts in China and abroad and has played a lot of Chinese and Western piano pieces including concerto and symphonic works.

Ashley Hamilton: Taiwan in Ten Lines

Ashley Hamilton is a Taipei-based poet from New York. She stopped by our RTI studios recently to give readings of her work.

Announcing the no. 1 Taiwan's modern marvel

John Van Trieste and Shirley Lin give you the details to the no. 1 Taiwanese modern marvel, on Status Update.

Korean craze on the music scene

Today Jukebox Republic covers the actual Korean craze from the music sense, especially how a young Taiwanese artist joins a Korean group and how some Korean singers develop their career in Taiwan.

The story of Yingge's ceramics

Mention the town of Yingge to anyone from Taiwan, and you may soon find yourself in a discussion about pottery and ceramics. There are towns across Taiwan famous for all sorts of local products, but in Yingge, a short way outside Taipei, it is pottery and ceramics that have built up the local reputation. Today, the suburban area is home to a range of studios producing wares for everyone from the local day tripper looking for a souvenir to the serious collector with serious cash to spare. The town’s ceramic shops and professional studios are largely concentrated around one street, with Taiwan’s only ceramics museum not far away. In historical terms, Yingge’s ceramics boom is quite recent. But there is a story here to be told, and here this week to help me tell it is Chen Pao-chen, Deputy Director of the New Taipei City Yingge Ceramics Museum. During our discussion today, Ms. Chen will explain how Yingge came to be so closely linked with ceramics. She will also walk us through the ceramics museum and remind us that ceramics belong as much to the future as to the past.

Jessica Lee of IOH/in-co studio

Jessica Lee talks about her views on the architecture in Taiwan, on In the Spotlight.

Photo courtesy of Jessica Lee on FB

"The Changing Image of the Deity in Heaven and on Earth "

From great thrones in big temples to small roadside shrines and private altars, the gods are everywhere you look. In statue form, they are widely believed to keep an eye on human affairs, to await the prayers of devotees, and to drive out evil. While equally revered, though, not all statues are alike- they come in different sizes and are made from different materials. And while some statues may be kept in a family for centuries, others are designed to be used for just a brief window of time. A new exhibit at the National Museum of Taiwan History explores these statues up close. Using artifacts from the museum’s own collection, the exhibit looks at statues as physical objects, as objects of religious devotion, and as works of art. At the same time, the exhibit also looks at how attitudes toward the statues have changed over time. Here to give us a taste of this exhibit is museum researcher Chang Shu-ching.

Preventing burnout

Tune into Taiwan Today as Natalie Tso speaks with Dr. Kristen Lee, the author of Reset: Make the Most of Your Stress about the prevalence of burnout and how people can manage their stress and their mental health.

To be sensible

“Fitting in in Chinese” is a special series on Chinese to Go, which is jointly produced by the Chinese Language Center of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages and Radio Taiwan International.

Episode 34

To be sensible

To be sensible

(Xiǎo háizi bù dǒngshì, nǐ bùyào shēng háizi de qì.)
Kids don’t know much, so don’t be angry with them!

news, information

(Zhèyàng de xiāoxī, wéishènme bù zǎo shuō?)
Why didn’t you mention this news earlier?

(Nǐ néng zhème xiǎng, wǒ jiù hěn kāixīnle.)
I am very happy you think this way.

gas price(s)

(Zuìjìn de yóujià, yītiān bǐ yītiān gāo.)
Recently, the price of oil has been getting higher every day.

gas money

(wǒ de fàn qián dōu bùgòule, dāngrán gēng méiyǒu yóu qiánle.)
I don’t even have enough money for food, so of course I don’t have enough for gas!

flavor, taste

(Wǒ xǐhuān shì shì gèzhǒng bù yīyàng de kǒuwèi.)
I would like to try every different flavor of cake.

這個三明治裡面夾了什麼? 真好吃!
(Zhège sānmíngzhì lǐmiàn jiāle shénme? Zhēn hào chī!)
What’s in this sandwich? It’s delicious!

to love (someone or something) very much

(Wǒ ài sǐ nà zhī xiǎo gǒule! Tā zhēn de hěn kě'ài.)
I love that little puppy! She really is very cute!

德美: 嗯! 「懂事」是聽到朋友有不開心的消息，替他們難過。
(Dé mĕi : ēn ! “dŏng shì” shì tīng dào péng you yŏu bù kāi xīn de xiāo xi, tì tā men nán guò.)
Demei: Hm! “Dong shi” is when you hear of a friend’s misfortune, and you sympathize with them.

歐福: 知道家人、朋友有需要，不等他們要求，就先做。
(ōu fú : zhī dào jiā rén , péng you yŏu xū yào , bù dĕng tā men yāo qiú, jiù xiān zuò.)
Oufu: When you know that a family member or friend has need of something, and you provide it without first being asked.

德美: 油價高的時候坐公車，省油錢也環保。
(Dé mĕi : yóu jià gāo de shí hou zuò gōng chē, shĕng yóu qián yĕ huán băo.)
Demei: When gas prices are high, riding a bus can save money AND the environment.

歐福: 沒有你愛吃的三明治，就換一種口味試試。
(ōu fú : méi yŏu nĭ ài chī de sān míng zhì, jiù huàn yī zhŏng kŏu wèi shì shì.)
Oufu: When your favorite sandwich is sold out, try another kind.

老師: 嗯! 你們都說得很好。簡單的說，就是給別人方便。
(Lăo shī : ēn ! nĭ men dōu shuō de hĕn hăo. jiăn dān de shuō, jiù shì gĕi bié ren fāng biàn.)
Teacher: Hm! You’ve all put it quite well. Simply put, it means making life easier for others.

德美: 多替別人想，不要帶給別人麻煩。
(Dé mĕi : duō tì bié ren xiăng, bù yào dài gĕi bié ren má fan.)
Demei: Think more about others, and don’t add to their problems.

老師: 還有，對任何人，都要有禮貌。
Lăo shī : huán yŏu, duì rèn hé rén, dōu yào yŏu lĭ mào.)
Teacher: And one more thing: be polite to everybody!

Olympic diplomacy: The Korean talks

Tune into Eye on China as Natalie Tso speaks with the director of Tamkang University's Institute of Strategic Studies, Professor Alexander Huang, about the recent Korean talks and the leadership of Kim Jong Un.

Sketches of Taiwan

Sketches of Taiwan is the crystallization of 12 years of work from the composer Bao Yuankai, a famous composer and music educator from China. To ensure that it delights later generation as it did the old, the Taipei Chinese Orchestra commissioned Sun Guangjun to re-arrange the music. Sun Guangjun is a composer and a professor of Tianjin Conservatory of Music in China.

Vanessa Wang: Colorful Medicines

Vanessa Wang is a Taipei-based poet from Chicago. She stopped by our RTI studios recently to talk about her life and poetry, and to give readings of her work.


text:
Wednesday, September 29, 2010

new shop stuff

there is all manner of new stuff in the shop today.

and now i'm going to call it quits for the day and go make some applesauce and quiche (using my backyard chicken eggs of course.)

see you totally good looking people later.

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