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Best Online Craps

Playing online craps for real money can be excellent for getting some excitement in your daily life. It may not be as exciting as playing craps in a land-based casino with all the crowd cheering around you while you shoot the dice, but, hey, you are in the comfort of your home or anywhere you need to be, and you’re still making money without even touching the dice. It’s a nice way to get some thrill in your everyday life while you are at your work place, or sitting home drinking your morning coffee. All you have to do is find a good and reliable craps online casino, sign up and you are in.

Before venturing into that territory though, we would advise you to keep reading this page and to check our top casino list if you want to know where is best to play online craps. We have enough experience to be able to recommend you the best destination for playing craps and we have all the necessary info you need for an informed and firm decision. It’s your money that we’re talking about, so browse through our site freely and pick your suitable online casino for playing real-money craps. But first, read our introduction to craps below.

Last Updated: February 18, 2018

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The number seven is considered the world’s luckiest number, and Planet 7 casino knows it. Planet 7 has been catering to online gamblers since 2009, and recently launched their partner site, Planet 7 Oz. With a total of nine years of experience powering both sites, Planet 7 Casino guarantees players a good time and a chance at exciting rewards.

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Craps Casino Site Checklist

Craps tables are usually packed with action and excitement in brick and mortar casinos, but online gamers can also enjoy a rewarding experience when playing the casino classic on their desktop computers. Given that this is not exactly the most popular game among online players, it is not that easy to find a website that offers this particular dice game in a high-quality environment.

Nevertheless, our team of writers have gone the extra mile to find the best craps websites out there for your convenience, giving you a chance to properly enjoy the incredibly entertaining casino game.

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Introduction to Playing Real Money Craps at Online Casinos

People like to play online craps for real money from various reasons. Some just like to keep practicing in order to stay sharp when they enter a land-based casino, others just love to play this exciting game no matter where they play it, and make some money in the process etc. But, no matter what the reason is, there are some things to consider.

A Good Craps Casino Need to Be Licensed, Safe and Reliable

First and foremost is to find a casino that is licensed, safe and reliable. Since your money are in question, you have to be feeling safe about the online casino where you deposit money the same way as you are feeling safe about your bank that handles them. To find such a casino you need a reliable source of information. You can try Google, but you will never know if you are clicking on a real casino or just a bad egg that misrepresents itself.

Luckily for you, you don’t have to look far. We have reliable information about all the great online casinos out there. Some of them have been award winning casinos, some of them are new, and many of them are long standing in the online casino industry. We have evaluated all of them based on parameters like deposit methods, customer support, reputation, and all the important things that make up a safe and reliable gambling venue.

Choosing Between Download and Instant Play Craps Games

This is the sweeter part of you search for the best online craps casino. Practically every online casino recommended by us has these two options. Feel safe to choose the download option, which means you will download casino software and transfer the entire casino service to your computer for an easier and more practical access. Alternatively you can just select the instant play option, which means all you need to do is turn on your browser, open the casino’s website, log in and start playing.

Still not sure which to of the two to pick? No problem, just check out our article here that goes more into depth explaining the difference between Download vs. Instant Play version of a game.

Rules and Strategies

When you’ve done the bigger part of your quest for the best online craps casino, the next thing is to get prepared in the game by learning all the necessary rules, a basic strategy with a few good tips. When you’ve done that, get a little practice session in free play. Every online casino allows for their members to play in free play mode for practice. Never venture into real money mode before practicing first your strategy and testing yourself how well you know the rules.

What to Consider When Playing Craps Online for Real Money

We’ve told you that an online craps casino needs to be safe for your money, most of all licensed and reputable, and that it is essential to practice first in order to come prepared. However, there are still some things to consider to make up a perfect online craps experience.

Good bonus offers, promotions and loyalty rewards
In order to get the most of your money deposited into an online casino, you have to look what the casino has to offer in order to attract you into playing their craps game. Such things are casino bonus offers (especially the welcome bonus), whether it offers promotions on regular basis that can boost your bankroll and how good its loyalty program is. Loyalty rewards are very important for a player’s moral.

Carefully research the best software and casino site for online craps
There are many software providers that power online casinos, so you can take your pick at the one offering the best online craps graphics that can meet your standards for a great visual experience. Look for online casinos powered by software providers like Microgaming, Playtech, RTG, Betsoft and a couple of others, since their online casinos are the most trustworthy. Do your research, and don’t live anything to chance.


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Casio Enticer Mens MTP-V300D-1AUDF (A1173) Multi Dial Men's Watch |

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Eden Foods describes itself as the "oldest natural and organic food company in North America." Its CEO and founder, Michael Potter, has been prominent in debates over labeling of organic food and GMOs. Unsurprisingly, the company has no shortage of liberal customers.

Nevertheless, the company has been quietly pursuing a right-wing agenda, suing the Obama administration for exemption from the mandate to cover contraception for its employees under the Affordable Care Act. The company alleges that its rights have been violated under the First Amendment, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and the Administrative Procedure Act. The CEO's views on birth control? "These procedures almost always involve immoral and unnatural practices."

Its time for all of Eden Foods' forward-thinking, conscientious, and independent customers to band together and demand the company reverse its backward stance on women's health issues!

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Desert night snake discovered at Saddle Rock by 6th-grade herpetologist

Submitted on Wed, 10/18/2017 - 09:21

Budding herpetologist*, Torsten Watkins, is a 6th grader at Orchard Middle School and he likes to spend his free time seeking out native reptiles and amphibians.

He and his Dad often can be found “herping” in the Wenatchee foothills. Recently, they stopped by the Chelan-Douglas Land Trust office to tell us the story of his June 2017 discovery of a species not previously known to live in the Wenatchee foothills – a Northern desert night snake (Hypsiglena tchlorophaea deserticola).

Read all about Torsten's discovery, including a telling in his own words, and see pictures of the snake at the Wenatchee Naturalist Website

*A herpetologist is a scientist who specializes in studying reptiles and amphibians.


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Can You Really Print With White Ink?

Printing with white ink is commonly questioned by designers and ad agencies when touring our printing facility. For many commercial printers, printing with white ink is limited to offset printing utilizing spot or Pantone® (PMS) colors.  As a result, it typically takes a fairly substantial production run in order to overcome the initial cost of set-up.

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Using any of our HP Indigo digital presses to print with white ink, there is no need for additional printing plates, make-ready,  or equipment wash-ups. We can even control the opacity of the white ink  thus preventing problems on dark or metallic substrates. Multiple hits or passes are sometimes necessary in order to get best results.

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White ink is most commonly applied as a base layer on colored, metallic, or clear stocks. In these applications, white ink is printed first followed by cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks on top. In these instances,  the white ink is used to overcome the color of the paper or other substrate providing a white background or base. On clear substrates, white is necessary to prevent light from passing through and washing out and affecting other colors.

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White Ink & Watermark

To the left is an example of different amounts of hits of White Ink on colored substrates. From top to bottom: 1 hit, 2 hits, 4 hits and 6 hits. On the right is an example of White Ink watermark on a black substrate, again with different amounts of hits. From top to bottom: 1 hit, 2 hits and 3 hits.

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Published on March 02, 2016

St. Cloud Hospital Intensive Care Unit recognized with Silver Beacon Award for Excellence

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has received the Beacon Award given by the AACN.The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at St. Cloud Hospital is honored to be a recipient of the Silver Level Beacon Award for Excellence. This is the fourth time the ICU has received the Beacon Award given by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN). St. Cloud Hospital achieved Silver for sustained unit performance and patient outcomes.

The silver-level Beacon Award for Excellence earned by the Intensive Care Unit at St. Cloud Hospital signifies continuous learning and effective systems to achieve optimal patient care.

The award recognizes hospitals that:

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  • Provide exceptional care of patients and their families; and
  • Demonstrate excellence in collaboration, communication and partnerships that support the value of healing and healthy work environments.

The Beacon Award recognizes individual units that improve every facet of patient care. For patients and their families, the Beacon Award signifies exceptional care through improved outcomes and greater overall satisfaction.

St. Cloud Hospital ICU initiatives have:

  • Decreased mortality rate for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock from 48 percent in 2004 to 23 percent in 2015;
  • Decreased catheter associated urinary tract infection rate from 2.88 to 1.80 (rate/1000 catheter days); and
  • Decreased the average ventilator hours by 15 percent using an early mobility protocol.

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Dial 320-251-2700 and ask to speak to a Communications representative.

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Personal Injury Blog

  • NFL's Attempt to Avoid Concussion Lawsuits Unsuccessful

    Posted By Chaikin, Sherman, Cammarata & Siegel, P.C. || 21-May-2014

    By: Ira Sherman

    The National Football League (NFL) has faced a lot of criticism over what it knew about the risks of permanent brain injury players faced as a result of repeated concussions. When players filed a suit the NFL recently argued that the case could not be brought in court. Fortunately, the court rejected that argument.

    According to a recent article published by NBC Sports, the NFL argued that labor agreements required players to pursue claims in arbitration. Arbitration is a form of resolving disputes outside of court. Because decisions are made by one person, often a retired judge or lawyer, and not a jury. In other words the NFL wanted arbitration to avoid the case being heard by members of a jury comprised of people from the community.

    NFL Concussion Lawsuit

    In a case brought by former players of the St. Louis Cardinals – now the Arizona Cardinals – the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri decided that players did not have use arbitration and that their lawsuit could proceed in Missouri state court. The ruling may have a big impact for several reasons:

    • It means that the discovery process will move forward, which could reveal more evidence about what the NFL knew about concussion risks, as well as when it knew this information.
    • It could prompt other former NFL players to file claims now that they have reason to believe their case will be heard before a jury.

    At Chaikin, Sherman, Cammarata & Siegel, our personal injury lawyers view the recent ruling in Missouri to be a victory for the many players and families affected by traumatic brain injuries. Having represented injured football players of all levels and many brain injury victims, we are hopeful that these injured athletes will receive the compensation they deserve.

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Why I Surrender

My heart has felt the icy edge of heartbreak many, many times.

Sometimes I’ve wondered why I would ever try to love again. Fortunately, these days, that is usually a fleeting thought, because I know that my truth is that I want love. Our truth as humans is that we all want and need love, so why would any of us give up on trying for a fundamental need and right?

But then there’s this thing called vulnerability, aka fear.

It always gets in the way of progress…  possibility…growth…love. It’s that necessary, but oh-so-fragile part of us that wants to hide and protect ourselves from any risk of exposure, hurt, or heartbreak.

I used to let my fear of vulnerability keep me in hiding. I’d remain in complete control of myself with a lover, just to be sure I wouldn’t let too much out. I feared, that if I did, that small, inadequate part of me would be rejected, and that rejection had a nasty habit of defining my worth. That’s not my story anymore, nor should it be yours.

This is the thing…Our hearts are not made of glass, only to be shattered into irreparable pieces in a heartbroken moment.

Our hearts are muscles.

The heart expands with every moment of love and acceptance, and it contracts when it’s bruised with hurt. But it is never truly broken. It becomes stronger every time we allow ourselves to surrender, and push it wide open to its expansive edges.

We can accept the risk of heartbreak when we know that our hearts become stronger every time we allow it to open…the heavier the weight, the stronger the muscle.

When you surrender to the risk of heartbreak again and again, you choose love over fear. Living a life fueled by love allows for a feeling of freedom, unlike a life dictated by fear.

Fear shrinks you. Love expands you.

You cannot be broken. You may be bruised, or strained, but never broken. Better yet, you may find yourself surrounded by love, and surrender is the only way there.

This time around, do this: Open. Trust. Expand. Surrender.


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Chicago Theatre Review

Chicago Theatre Review

Classic Stories for the Holidays

November 26, 2014 Reviews Comments Off on Classic Stories for the Holidays

From the Heart – Citadel Theatre

Short stories by great writers are timeless and, especially around the holidays, can provide a welcome change from the usual fare about Rudolph, Scrooge, George Bailey and the Nutcracker. Audiences are familiar with O. Henry’s “The Gifts of the Magi,” especially to students who’ve studied this perfect illustration of dramatic irony in their high school literature classes. Less familiar, perhaps, but just as moving and meaningful, is Truman Capote’s beautiful, “A Christmas Memory.” Perhaps, because it was created from the author’s own personal experiences, this story, set during the Great Depression, speaks more profoundly to readers as the true meaning of Christmas.

Dramatized by local, first-time playwright Jessica Puller, and directed by newcomer Molly Mattaini, this is the professional theatrical debut for both young women. As Ms. Puller intended, the two stories, adapted from the works of two respected authors, form the focal point for this holiday work. Ms. Puller’s attempt, however, to create a unifying narrative, admirable as it may sound on paper, just doesn’t play as well as her adapted material. The playwright strives to make an observation that today’s youth demonstrate a blind devotion to materialism. So wrapped up in their electronic devices are they that they’ve lost touch with everyone around them. Indeed, Facebook, A-Fther & Daughter #6980Twitter and other electronic obsessions seem to have replaced almost all live, personal interaction. Except for texting, reading and writing seem to be practically extinct these days.

In Ms. Puller’s play a young, nameless Boy spends every waking moment tweeting or slaughtering online zombies. He represents precisely what the playwright is criticizing. However, it should be pointed out, a child is the product of both his village and his parental upbringing. The boy wouldn’t be addicted to computer toys if his mother and father didn’t provide them and allow their unlimited use. While the boy isolates himself in a virtual reality his parents trim the Christmas tree, wrap the presents and prepare the meal; the boy does nothing to help them. All during this scene, it should also be noted, that the Father and Mother continually exchange snarky comments, which might explain the Boy’s need for escape.

Grandma arrives, but she turns out to be just as sarcastic as the parents. The Boy obliges her with a hug while asking for his presents. When the parents leave Grandma alone she tries to teach her grandson a lesson about gift giving. She begins telling him O. Henry’s famous story about young newlyweds, Della and Jim. Grandma stresses the sacrifices each character makes in order to provide a special Christmas present for his or her spouse. This story is nicely enacted by Brianne Duncan Flore and Ben Page, with Grandma Anita Silvert jumping in and out of the story, playing both the narrator and the shopkeeper who buys Della’s hair. By the end of the act, however, the Boy is neither moved nor enlightened.

A-First Taste #6904Act II begins with Dad telling his mother-in-law that her story didn’t work because it was too old-fashioned and there was no one with whom his son could identify. He sends his Boy and the two women out of the room (to change costumes) while he begins Capote’s memory tale about his childhood Christmas. This particular play-within-a-play ultimately becomes the highlight of the production. Ms. Silver turns in her best performance as the elderly, fruitcake baking Friend of the young Boy, while the star of show, young Will Elliott, makes the young Truman Capote character real. Mr. Elliott is absolutely honest in his portrayal, earnest in his devotion to the woman who’s become a surrogate parent for him and completely filled with loving conviction for their joint cause. When Elliott and Silver finally exchange their simple, homemade gifts at the end of the story, a collective, well-deserved sniffle could be heard from the entire audience.

As the director of a new play, Ms. Mattaini is able to do only so much with the script she’s given. Tighter pacing, less grandstanding and more honesty from some of her actors, however, would help a great deal. However, this holiday production would really profit most from fewer scenes spent with the caustic, contemporary family and more time devoted to the literary characters and the wonderful stories they inhabit. Playgoers would much prefer to enjoy and savor the timeless words and thoughts created by two timeless writers. This is, after all, the heart of this play; everything else is just fluff.

Reviewed by Colin Douglas

Presented November 21-December 21 by Citadel Theatre Company, 300 S. Waukegan Rd., Lake Forest, IL.

Tickets are available by calling the box office at 847-735-8554 or by going to

Additional information about this and other area productions can be found by visiting

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Restaurants & Bars

Portsmouth, VA

Restaurants & Bars 4

Portsmouth, VA

stevebop | May 29, 2008 05:32 PM

We're traveling to Portsmouth Virginia in early August. We'll only be there for 4 days and are curious about the food scene, if any.
We are particulary fond of cheap ethnic places and good Southern BBQ.
What do you think?

Want to stay up to date with this post?

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Rooming House Death Treated as Suspicious

Balmoral Street Death
Winnipeg police are treating the death of a man at a rooming house on Balmoral Street as suspicious. (STAN MILOSEVIC / CHRISD.CA)

Winnipeg police are investigating a suspicious death in a rooming house after a man was found deceased on Tuesday.

Police responded at around 4:30 p.m. to the 600 block of Balmoral Street to check on the wellbeing of a resident, when they located the man.

His death is being treated as suspicious and several people from within the residence are being interviewed. An autopsy is pending.

Anyone with information is asked to contact the homicide unit at (204) 986-6508 or Crime Stoppers at (204) 786-TIPS (8477).

UPDATE: Thursday, February 28 — The deceased has been identified as Ronald Harold McKinnon, 54, of Winnipeg.

UPDATE: Friday, March 1Robert Steward Maier, 38, of Winnipeg has been charged with manslaughter and remains in custody. Police say the victim and accused were involved in an altercation during a house party in a suite within the rooming house. The victim returned to his suite with the help of other residents, but was located deceased the next day.


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Three Charged Following Elgin Avenue Drug Bust

Winnipeg Police CrestThree men face charges relating to the discovery of a marijuana grow-op on Tuesday.

Winnipeg police executed a search warrant in the 1900 block of Elgin Avenue, where they found 235 marijuana plants valued at approximately $263,200. Grow-op equipment seized is valued at $6,000.

A 61-year-old man, 53-year-old man and 48-year-old man were arrested and released on promises to appear.

— Staff


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Amanda Lathlin Sworn In as Manitoba MLA

Amanda Lathlin Sworn In as Manitoba MLA

Amanda Lathlin
The Pas MLA Amanda Lathlin takes the oath of office at the Manitoba Legislative Building on Monday, May 4, 2015. (HANDOUT)

WINNIPEG — Manitoba’s newest NDP MLA was sworn in Monday after a by-election on April 21.

Amanda Lathlin, the first First Nations woman to serve in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly, will represent The Pas.

Lathlin has served as the University College of the North’s Representative Workforce Coordinator and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Native Studies and Political Studies from the University of Manitoba. She is a mother and a former band councillor, in addition to being an active volunteer in her community.

Lathlin is the daughter of the late Oscar Lathlin, who served as the elected member for The Pas from 1990 to 2008.

— Staff


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Author Recommendations

If you enjoy materials by Francis Chan, you may also be interested in products by the authors and artists listed below. Click the "Products" link next to an author's name to run a search for products by that author available at Some authors also have an "Author Profile" link associated with them. Click this link to learn more about the author's works, background, and motivations.

Adrian Rogers     Products     Author Profile
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Beverly Lewis     Products     Author Profile
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Francis Chan & Lisa Chan     Products
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Martha Peace     Products
Max Lucado & Wayne Shepherd     Products
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Robert Boyd Munger     Products
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That rascally strike has resulted in the greenlighting of another awful movie. At least that’s my theory. I thought we'd all collectively agreed that this Underworld thing had run its course? No? Because HR says Underworld 3 has been given the go ahead, and it’ll be a prequel.

They’re calling it Underworld 3: The Rise of the Lycans. I can’t help but wonder if there was a Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines poster hanging on the wall somewhere near the cubicle of the guy who came up with it.

The bad news, aside from the fact that this is being made, is that it’s being made without Kate Beckinsale. She’s having nothing to do with it. Similarly her husband Len Wiseman, who directed the first two films, will step back and take a producer credit for this one while creature effects creator Patrick Tatopoulos takes the helm. Michael Sheen however, will be back as Lycan head honcho Lucian. Also involved will the great Bill Nighy, who was probably the best thing about the franchise so far. New to the cast is Rhona Mitra, playing Viktor’s daughter and secret lover of Lucian.

The film will follow the storyline hinted at in the first movie. Set in the Dark Ages, it will tell the tragic and terribly romantic tale of the Lycan/werewolf Lucian who falls in love with a vampire princess. There’s potential here for something good, both Sheen and Nighy were great in the first film and the flashbacks we saw of this era in their history were interesting. But Underworld 2 was awful and this feels like a franchise that’s already run out of steam.

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Corporate Events

Home / Groups / Corporate Events

Corporate Events/Team Building

Whether you and your company are looking for a great team building event or launch your new product/service, CityScape Adventures is for you.  We can customize an Urban Scavenger Hunt to include and reinforce specific attributes of your company, your product and your key message.  The customized Scavenger Hunt can then be delivered in person during an event or virtually to anyone to participate.  This is a great way to build teamwork, cooperation and leadership amongst your team members. And of course have a blast! CONTACT US HERE


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Fund Raising

Home / Groups / Fund Raising

Fund Raising Events/Tools

Looking for a fundraising event for your nonprofit organization? Then CityScape Adventures has the solution for you. We can create a customized event to reinforce your core values and provide you exposure as a fun and meaningful organization. We may also consider including your organization in our standard public race schedule. Let's talk about raising money for your great cause. CONTACT US HERE


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Open House - Central Riverfront Festival Plaza Development
Skip to main content Skip to navigation Skip to footer

Central Riverfront – Festival Plaza Development

The City of Windsor is making plans to complete development of the Festival Plaza on Windsor’s central waterfront, and we want your input.

The festival plaza plays host to over 20 concerts and special events each year that are attended by thousands of residents and visitors, but there’s still room for more.

Permanent building features, amenities, landscape greening and trails are all in the works to fulfill the vision set out for the plaza in the City’s Central Riverfront Implementation Plan (CRIP).

We want to hear what you think about the concept plans. This meeting is an opportunity to review the plans and provide ideas and suggestions:

Open House
Thursday, February 15, 2018
400 City Hall Square East
Room 402

City staff will be on hand to discuss the project, collect information and provide the proposed schedule for development.

We hope to see you at the meeting.

Latest News


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Political Ecologies of Meat by Jody Emel

Professor’s book examines effects of increased meat production, consumption

Livestock production worldwide is increasing rapidly, but there are many concerns about the sustainability of increased meat production and consumption. “Political Ecologies of Meat” (Routledge, 2015), co-edited by Clark University Professor of Geography Jody Emel, examines these issues from various perspectives, including human health, animal welfare, climate change and environmental pollution.

The book’s essays explore key issues in contemporary meat production and consumption, including the political ecology of global livestock production trends; changes in production systems around the world and their implications for environmental justice; and existing and emerging governance strategies for meat production and consumption systems and their implications.

Case studies of different systems at varying scales are studied through a lens of political ecology, which emphasizes the power relations producing particular social, economic and cultural interactions with non-human nature.

Clark University Geography Professor Jody Emel Professor Jody Emel

“Most people don’t realize that livestock production and consumption cause more greenhouse gas emissions than all forms of transport combined (globally),” Professor Emel said. “There are countless other problems as well with producing billions of animals who eat and defecate. On top of it all is the terrible suffering of those who never see the sunlight until it is time to die. Yet international institutions expect livestock production/consumption to double over the next 35 or so years. The impact will be catastrophic.”

Professor Emel is the acting director of Clark University’s Graduate School of Geography, and is affiliated with theGeorge Perkins Marsh Institute. Prior to coming to Clark, she was an environmental consultant and a water resources planner; she teaches courses in natural resource development, feminist theory and nature, hydrology, and the relationship between economy and environment.

Emel earned an M.S. in geography from The Pennsylvania State University and a Ph.D. in hydrology and water resources from the University of Arizona.


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Pluspetrol in Acquisition of Venezuelan Interests of Harvest Natural Resources for $400 Million

December 16, 2013

Cleary Gottlieb is representing Pluspetrol in two separate acquisitions with respect to the interests of Harvest Natural Resources, Inc. (“Harvest”), a Delaware corporation based in Houston, Texas, in Petrodelta, S.A., an oil and gas exploration and development company majority owned by the state of Venezuela. Harvest currently has a 32% indirect interest in Petrodelta which it holds through ownership of an 80% interest in Harvest-Vinccler Dutch Holding B.V. (“Harvest Vinccler”). The first acquisition, for shares representing 29% of Harvest Vinccler in exchange for a purchase price of $125 million, closed simultaneously with the entry into a share purchase agreement between Pluspetrol and Harvest on December 16. The share purchase agreement provides for the acquisition of Harvest’s remaining 51% interest in Harvest-Vinccler for consideration of $275 million. The second transaction is subject to approval by Harvest’s shareholders and the government of Venezuela and is expected to close in the middle of 2014.


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Critical Care Medicine

Acute Iron Toxicity

Also known as: Ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, carbonyl iron. Sold under many brand names and as a generic dietary supplement. Also found as a component of soil acidifiers, fertilizers, stain removers, oil primer, and many other industrial chemicals.

Related conditions: Acute aluminum toxicity is treated similarly.

1. Description of the problem

Iron toxicity occurs either after acute overdose, or after repeated ingestion of supra-therapeutic doses. Children aged less than six months are at particular risk due to their inability to mitigate oxidative stress. Acute exposures greater than 40 mg/kg in children, or exposures greater than 20 mg/kg in adults, warrant referral to a healthcare facility.

Although the phases of iron toxicity overlap considerably, it is useful to anticipate the pathologic effects in the following progression.

Phase I: The gastrointestinal (GI) phase begins with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The most severe poisonings result in hemorrhagic gastritis. This phase may be absent in neonates.

Phase II: The latent phase is characterized by resolution of GI symptoms but prior to development of systemic dysfunction. It is classically described as the period 6 to 24 hours after ingestion; however, considerable inter-subject variability exists. Metabolic acidosis, tachycardia, and central nervous system (CNS) depression may be the only indicators of illness during this phase.

Phase III: The shock phase is the hallmark of serious toxicity. Although classically described as starting 12 to 24 hours post-exposure, shock may occur within hours of massive overdoses. The shock is distributive and cardiogenic, as iron-associated metabolic disruption causes vasodilation and decreased inotropy. Additionally, preceding GI manifestations may produce hypovolemia. These patients are lethargic and may develop seizures or coma.

Phase IV: The hepatotoxic phase presents 2 to 3 days after ingestion as the reticuloendothelial system sequesters iron, leading to organ-specific (as opposed to diffuse) oxidative injury. Iron is mobilized from other sites in the body and returned to the liver via the hepatic portal system. Liver failure in iron toxicity is a dose-related phenomenon and these patients may develop coagulopathy.

Phase V: The gastric outlet obstruction phase rarely occurs. Patients who initially experienced hemorrhagic gastritis may develop pyloric scarring 2 to 8 weeks post-exposure. Gastric mucosal injury is secondary to the direct effects of iron and not necessarily related to the degree of systemic compromise.

Key Management Points

1. Resuscitate and control the airway if necessary.

2. Administer deferoxamine to chelate intravascular iron.

3. Dialyze if unable to renally eliminate complexed iron.

2. Emergency Management

Chronic iron intoxication rarely requires emergency treatment and is typically ameliorated by avoidance of the source, whether dietary or environmental.

Initial management of acute iron overdose should be approached like any other emergency condition. Patients with excessive vomiting who cannot protect their airway should undergo endotracheal intubation. Patients exhibiting evidence of hypovolemia should receive weight-appropriate resuscitative boluses of intravenous fluid. Patients who do not respond to fluid resuscitation should receive vasopressor support. Some patients may require inotropic support as well. No specific vasopressor has demonstrated an outcome advantage.

Management points not to be missed

Activated charcoal does not bind small molecules well and is not indicated in iron overdoses. Whole bowel irrigation (WBI) may be of use in patients in whom an iron bezoar can be identified either with diagnostic imaging or direct visualization during endoscopy. Adult iron tablets are usually radiopaque on abdominal radiographs. Children’s chewable and liquid preparations are not. The pediatric infusion rate for WBI with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution is 500mL/h or 25mL/kg/h in small children.

We recommend weighing the benefits against the risks of securing the patient’s airway prior to gastric decontamination with WBI, due to the risk of vomiting and aspiration.

3. Diagnosis

Diagnostic approach

The key to making a diagnosis and predicting clinical course is taking a good exposure history. Different iron preparations contain different quantities of elemental iron. The exact product name, probable tablet number (or solution volume) ingested, maximum tablet number ingested, and the estimated time of exposure should be communicated to the regional poison control center (1-800-222-1222) to calculate a weight-based dose estimate.

Acute ingestions greater than 20 mg/kg will probably be symptomatic and exposures greater than 60 mg/kg typically require chelation therapy.

Normal lab values

If iron overdose is suspected, obtain a serum iron level. Iron binding studies are of no utility. However, if the patient is unstable and a clear history of iron exposure is available, the results of the iron level are not necessary to begin chelation therapy. Ideally, a serum iron level should be obtained 2-6 hours after ingestion. Peak serum iron levels greater than 300mcg/dL usually indicate significant ingestions. Levels greater than 500mcg/dL are associated with shock.

Liver failure may occur in patients with serum iron levels greater than 700mcg/dL obtained within 12 hours of ingestion. Serum iron levels should be obtained every 4 to 6 hours until levels have peaked and demonstrate a clear declining trend on at least two consecutive values.

In the undifferentiated pediatric overdose, any child presenting with vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and/or shock should have the diagnosis of iron toxicity considered. A symptomatic iron overdose will have an elevated serum iron concentration.

Differential diagnosis

Unfortunately, the presentation of vomiting is common to many conditions. Only maintaining a high index of suspicion and obtaining a history of iron exposure will lead to the diagnosis.

Confirmatory tests

A symptomatic iron overdose will have an elevated serum iron concentration.

4. Specific Treatment

Deferoxamine is an iron chelator, complexing with free iron in the serum so it can be renally eliminated. Chelation therapy should be considered in any patient with shock or altered mental status, anticipated deterioration (iron level greater than 500mcg/dL, elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis), or evidence of a potentially lethal ingestion (estimated dose greater than 60 mg/kg).

Iron chelated with deferoxamine is excreted in the urine as ferroxamine. Ferroxamine turns the urine a pink, vin-rosé color. Some have suggested that the absence of this color change indicates poor iron chelation; however, urine color change has proven to be an unreliable indicator of chelation effectiveness.

Drugs and dosages

Patients are usually administered a deferoxamine infusion with an initial rate of 5 mg/kg/h. The infusion should be increased as tolerated, up to a goal rate of 15 mg/kg/h, relatively quickly (over 15 minutes). Tolerance of deferoxamine depends on the patient’s ability to avoid a vasodilator response and to renally excrete it. Patients with compromised glomerular filtration rates may not reach goal without experiencing side effects. The most common side effect is hypotension.

In addition to patients with disease-associated renal compromise, children less than 6 months of age may need slower infusion rates due to physiologic immaturity. However, the dose of deferoxamine was established in the 1970s and some toxicologists have administered deferoxamine at dosages substantially in excess of the manufacturer’s guidelines. Older children appear to tolerate the chelator well and titrating to doses as high as 60 mg/kg/h in massive overdoses may not produce adverse effects.

Refractory cases

Both hemodialysis and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration have been used to lower iron levels in severe poisonings. For patients with renal insufficiency or failure, deferoxamine in concert with these modalities can enhance elimination of iron.

Three case reports of exchange transfusion (ET) exist in the literature. The most recent reported case combined ET with subsequent plasmapheresis in an 18-month-old who ingested 442 mg/kg of elemental iron. The ET was performed 9 hours after ingestion and the patient survived.

Iron tablets ingested in large amounts may agglutinate in the stomach. Gastroenterology consultation for endoscopic removal is prudent if WBI does not effectively remove these bezoars from the GI tract. In rare cases, bezoars have been removed surgically via both laparoscopic gastrotomy and open techniques.

5. Disease monitoring, follow-up and disposition

Expected response to treatment

In children older than 6 months, the absence of both vomiting and abdominal pain within 6 hours of ingestion virtually rules out serious intoxication. Therefore, all children with suspected iron overdose should be observed for a minimum of 6 hours. If patient remains asymptomatic during this observation period, the patient may be safely discharged home.

Alternative diagnosis

Patients in shock who are not acidotic or do not have elevated serum iron levels should have other etiologies considered.

Admitted patients who survive to discharge often make a full recovery. Gastric and intestinal stricture formation and persistence of hepatic dysfunction acquired during the period of acute intoxication are potential risks. Prior to discharge from the hospital, patients and their parents should be educated about the possibility of gastric scarring and obstruction. No specific gastroenterology follow-up is necessary in asymptomatic patients.

In the body, iron typically exists in its reduced ferrous state (Fe2+). However, excessive iron in vivo overwhelms the body’s natural capacity to reduce oxidants. Iron in its oxidative ferric state (Fe3+) increases overall oxidative stress on the body. Specifically, ferric iron damages mitochondrial membranes, disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, and liberates hydrogen ions. This reduces ATP production and creates a cellular metabolic acidosis.

Iron is the primary catalyst in Fenton chemistry, accelerating peroxide's ability to generate hydroxyl free radicals and hydroxyl anions. Ferric iron and these free radicals initiate the lipid peroxidation cascade, causing extensive damage to phospholipid membranes. This cellular insult is responsible for the clinical manifestations of iron toxicity.

Iron overdose is one of the most common pediatric causes of pharmaceutical-induced toxicity because of its widespread availability. In children less than 5 years of age, ingestion of vitamins is the fifth most common reason for parents to call poison control centers (excluding inert foreign body exposures). In the 1980s, iron toxicity accounted for 30% of pediatric poisoning deaths. However, the introduction to unit-dose packaging has reduced both the incidence of pediatric iron toxicity and mortality. Almost all deaths from iron overdose are in children less than 3 years of age.

Although pediatric iron intoxications are common, deaths are now rare. Most fatalities occur in children less than 3 years of age following massive ingestions of adult preparations.

What's the evidence?

Bronstein, AC, Spyker, DA, Cantilena, LR. "2009 Annual Report of American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27 th Annual Report". Clin Toxicol. vol. 48. 2010. pp. 979-1178.

(National data reporting incidence of iron ingestion.)

Carlsson, M, Cortes, D, Jepsen, S, Kanstrup, T. "Severe iron intoxication treated with exchange transfusion". Arch Dis Child. vol. 93. 2008. pp. 321-2.

(Good overview of use of exchange transfusion in severe cases.)

Fine, J. "Iron poisoning". Curr Probl Pediatr. vol. 30. 2000. pp. 71-90.

(Good review)

Haider, F, De Carli, C, Dhanai, S, Sweeney, B. "Emergency laparoscopic-assisted gastrotomy for the treatment of an iron bezoar". J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. vol. 19. 2009. pp. S141-3.

(Management techniques for bezoar.)

Howland, MA. "Antidotes in depth: deferoxamine". Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. McGraw-Hill. 2006. pp. 604-8.

Manoguerra, AS, Erdman, AR, Booze, LL, Christianson, G, Wax, PM. "Iron ingestion: An evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management". Clin Toxicol. vol. 43. 2005. pp. 553-70.

(Guideline for management out of hospital)

Milne, C, Petros, A. "The use of haemofiltration for severe iron overdose". Arch Dis Child. vol. 95. 2010. pp. 482-3.

Perrone, J. Iron. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. McGraw-Hill. 2006. pp. 596-603.

Robertson, A, Tenenbein, M. "Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning". Human Exp Toxicol. vol. 24. 2005. pp. 559-62.

Valentine, K, Mastropietro, C, Sarnaik, A. "Infantile iron poisoning: Challenges in diagnosis and management". Pediatr Crit Care Med. vol. 10. 2009. pp. e31-3.

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Obstetrics and Gynecology

Preventative Care in Gynecology

Preventative care in gynecology

1. What every clinician should know

Periodic assessments provide an opportunity for physicians to screen, evaluate, and counsel women about preventive care. Age and risk factors should serve as a guide for offering appropriate screening tests or immunizations. Physicians can use this encounter to identify women at risk for high-risk conditions and to assist their patients to receive appropriate medical care.

Certain behaviors span all age groups and should be addressed at every visit. Exercise, healthy diet, safe sexual practices, and injury prevention should be evaluated and reinforced. Patients should be asked about tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug abuse (either prescription or illegal drugs), and psychosocial interactions.

The focus of this chapter is on screening tests and interventions for the general population. Cervical cancer screening and sexually transmitted infection screening is discussed in other chapters. Recommendations for this chapter are based upon the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee Opinion "Primary and Preventive Care: Periodic Assessments."

Women should receive clinical breast exams every 1-3 years beginning at age 19. The average risk woman should begin screening mammograms at age 40. She should receive a mammogram once every one to two years. Starting at age 50, women should receive mammograms annually. For average risk women, screening with MRI is not recommended.

The Gail Model can be used to estimate a woman's breast cancer risk. (www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/). A lifetime breast cancer risk of below 15% is considered average risk. Women with a lifetime risk of above 25% are considered at highest risk and should be referred to a breast specialist to determine appropriate screening intervals. There are no specific guidelines for women at intermediate risk (between 15% and 25%) of breast cancer. Currently, recommendations for women at intermediate risk are the same as for women at average risk.

Bone density screening

The average risk woman should begin bone mineral density testing at age 65. In women with no risk factors for osteoporosis, bone mineral density testing should be repeated approximately every 3 to 5 years.

Bone mineral density testing may be performed on postmenopausal women younger than 65 years if they have one more of the following risk factors:

  • family history of osteoporosis

  • Caucasian

  • dementia

  • poor nutrition

  • smoking

  • low body mass index

  • early menopause (younger than 45 years)

  • prolonged premenopausal amenorrhea

  • long-term low calcium intake

  • alcoholism

  • high risk for falls

All postmenopausal women with fractures should have bone mineral density testing. High risk women with ongoing factors which may increase bone loss should be screened no more frequently than every 2 years.

Various medical conditions or treatments may place women at greater risk for osteopopenia or osteoporosis and should be considered on a case by case basis. Women diagnosed with osteopenia or low bone mass should optimize their daily intake of calcium and vitamin D. Physicians should encourage these women to undertake regular weight bearing exercise, smoking cessation, and fall prevention strategies.

Pharmacologic treatment for osteopenia/osteoporosis is recommended for:

  • Postmenopausal women with a fracture

  • Postmenopausal women with no risk factors, but a T score of less than -2 (osteoporosis)

  • Postmenopausal women with risk factors, and a T score of less than -1.5 (severe osteopenia)

Colon cancer screening

The average risk woman should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 50 and continue until age 75.

Acceptable screening tests include:

  • Colonoscopy performed every 10 years

  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy performed every 5 years

  • Double contrast barium enema performed every 5 years

  • Fecal occult blood test on 3 consecutive samples of stool performed yearly

Fecal occult blood testing performed on digital rectal examination during an office visit is insufficient for detection of colorectal cancer. Multiple advisory boards recommend that a single collection fecal occult blood testing should not be performed.

High risk patients include:

  • Those with a history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps in a first-degree relative younger than age 60

  • Those with a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  • Those with a personal history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps

  • Patients with inflammatory bowel disease

  • Those with chronic ulcerative colitis

  • Patients with Crohn's disease

Screening for high risk patients should begin at age 40. If the risk factor is a first degree relative with cancer, screening should begin 10 years before the age of diagnosis of the family member.

Identifying chronic medical conditions in asymptomatic patients

High blood pressure is defined at a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Hypertension is diagnosed after 2 or more elevated readings obtained at 2 or more visits over a period of several weeks. Women with a systolic blood pressure below 120 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg should be screened every 2 years. Women with a systolic blood pressure between 120-130 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mm Hg should be screened every year.

For those of average risk, a fasting glucose test every 3 years after age 45 is recommended. For patients with any of the below risk factors, screen as long as risk factor persists. Alternate screening tests include the two hour glucose tolerance test and glycolated hemoglobin (A1c).

Patients at high risk to develop diabetes include:

  • Overweight patients (BMI > 25)

  • Those with a family history significant for diabetes

  • Those of a high risk race or ethnicity (African-American, Latina, Native American, Pacific Islander)

  • Patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or a history of vascular disease

Conditions among women which may predispose them to diabetes include history of gestational diabetes, giving birth to an infant weighing greater than 9 lbs, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

High cholesterol

For those of average risk, it is recommended to have a lipid profile assessment every five years beginning at age 45. For those of high risk, a lipid profile assessment every five years is recommended beginning at age 20. The preferred screening test is total cholesterol and HDL on fasting or non-fasting samples.

Patients at increased risk for cardiovascular events who need earlier screening for cholesterol include patients with:

  • Diabetes

  • Obesity (BMI >30)

  • Hypertension

  • Tobacco use

  • Previous personal history of CHD or non-coronary atherosclerosis

  • Family history of cardiovascular disease before age 50 in males or before age 60 in females.

Thyroid disorders

Thyroid-stimulating hormone testing should be done every five years beginning at age 50 for those of average risk. Subtle signs of thyroid dysfunction in high risk populations should be evaluated.

High risk populations include:

  • Elderly

  • Post-partum women

  • Women with Down syndrome

  • Women with high levels of radiation exposure

  • A strong family history of thyroid disease or history of autoimmune disease

These patients should be screened if indicated by symptoms.

Adult vaccinations

Many adults are at risk for vaccine preventable diseases. Since the obstetrician-gynecologist may be a woman's primary care physician, it is important to assess her vaccination status. Influenza is recommended for all healthy women annually and recommended for all pregnant and breastfeeding women. All women who have not previously received Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccine should receive it regardless of the timing of their last Td vaccination. All postpartum women should receive the Tdap vaccine postpartum. Women should receive Td boosters every 10 years.

Women who have no evidence of varicella immunity should receive the varicella vaccine. Varicella immunity may be documented by a known history of varicella or by laboratory testing. Women aged 9-26 years should receive the HPV vaccination series Zoster vaccination is recommended for all women 60 years or older regardless of history of shingles. All women over 65 years of age should receive the pneumococcus vaccine.

Adults with chronic medical conditions, workplace exposures, or a variety of lifestyle or behavioral factors may be eligible for vaccination at different ages than the recommendations above. Additionally, some women should receive the meningococcal, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B vaccine. Recommendations for these groups are available from the CDC.

2. What is the evidence for specific management and treatment recommendations?

"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists". Obstet Gynecol. vol. 117. 2011. pp. 1008-15.

"Recommendations for Adults. U.S". Preventative Services Task Force.. http://www.uspreventativeservicestaskforce.org/adultrec.htm.

"Immunizations for Women". The American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians. http://www.immunizationforwomen.org.

"Adult Immunization Schedules. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.". http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules.

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Home  »  Summary  »  Medford Lakes, New Jersey Demographics - Crime Rate Indexes

Medford Lakes Crime Rate Indexes

Medford Lakes Crime Rate Indexes Graph

2012 Crime Rate Indexes Medford Lakes, NJ New Jersey United States
Total Crime Risk 31.0 54.0 100
Murder Risk 34.0 57.0 100
Rape Risk 44.0 48.0 100
Robbery Risk 123.0 76.0 100
Assault Risk 34.0 60.0 100
Burglary Risk 19.0 55.0 100
Larceny Risk 38.0 60.0 100
Motor Vehicle Theft Risk 52.0 75.0 100

The data for Medford Lakes, NJ may also contain data for the following areas: Medford Lakes

Crime Risk Index (100 = National Average): Index score for an area is compared to the national average of 100. A score of 200 indicates twice the national average total crime risk, while 50 indicates half the national risk. We encourage you to consult with a knowledgeable local real estate agent or contact the local police department for any additional information.

Crime Indexes are based on numerous current and historical datasets as well as proprietary modeling algorithms which estimate values at more granular geographic levels when specific data is either unavailable or impractical to aggregate. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, these are estimates and should only be used as a guide. For detailed information regarding crime and safety in a community, please contact local law enforcement agencies.

Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Demographic Information FAQ


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Me & Mine | April 2017

I can’t believe that this is our fourth month of joining in with the Me & Mine Project – we are finally starting to have a little collection of family photos.

It’s been a strange month. We’ve had the Easter holidays, which were, on the whole lovely. We managed to go the beach for picnics and went back to Birmingham for a week. Graham also got himself a new job, with much better hours, so we have the weekends to do things together as a family again.

Of course, as always, our photo has been taken on the beach. It just makes the perfect backdrop! You can probably guess from our faces that we were absolutely freezing!

Graham has been loving:

  • His new job (in a bakery!)
  • The beginning of the F1 Season
  • Finishing the decorating in the lounge

I’ve been loving:

  • Billions (Damien Lewis…mmmmm)
  • Aston Villa beating Birmingham City in the derby…GET IN!!
  • Getting fitter
  • Trying on and ordering bridesmaid dresses for Life of an Auntie and Mum’s wedding in October

Harrison has been loving:

  • His new outfit
  • Going back to school
  • Learning to ride his bike with no stabilisers
  • Easter Eggs

Alex has been loving:

  • Seeing his best friend Holly after two whole weeks apart
  • Rolling down sand dunes
  • Zootropolis
  • Riding his bike

Benjamin has been loving:

  • Seeing Nanny and Grandad
  • Ellie
  • Snails
  • Seeing the cows in the field on the school run

The Me and Mine Project

4 thoughts on “Me & Mine | April 2017

  1. Love this, you really do all look just a little bit chilly! It’s such a nice thing to do though isn’t it, making the effort to take a family photo each month. This is the first year I’ve stuck with it this long and I’m so happy about it! x

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JPMorgan Integrates Zcash Privacy Tech Into Quorum Blockchain

Michael del Castillo
Oct 17, 2017 at 13:00 UTC  |  Updated  Oct 18, 2017 at 09:00 UTC

Now you see it, now you don't.

The development firm behind the privacy-focused public blockchain zcash has announced the first integration of its zero-knowledge security layer (ZSL) into an enterprise blockchain, with JPMorgan today revealing it has added the functionality to its Quorum blockchain.

Derived from zcash's zk-snarks technology, the code now integrated into Quorum obscures all identifiable information about a transaction - including the user's public key and the amount transacted - while promising to also give accountants the ability to audit those transactions.

Zcash co-founder Zooko Wilcox told CoinDesk:

"What we have now done through our partnership with JPMorgan is use zcash technology previously pioneered in the open zcash cryptocurrency to create protected and auditable transfer of token ownership on the JPMorgan blockchain."

To complete the project, JPMorgan partnered with Zcash Company (the firm that manages the open-source development of zcash) in May of this year and tapped into support from Microsoft.

"Today's announcement is a prime example of how big banks and fintechs can work side-by-side to build groundbreaking technology for the financial markets," Umar Farooq, head of blockchain initiatives for JPMorgan, said in a statement.

Auditable assets

Crucially, however, the integration doesn't have a so-called "god key" that would give some trusted authority the ability to go in and make changes after the fact.

Rather, Quorum's private smart contract language, called Constellation, would require that when building a financial product that doesn't require a centralized authority, the creator include the public key to all relevant regulators, giving them the necessary access to ensure compliance.

While the proof of a transaction's underlying value can take 40 seconds, according to a senior JPMorgan exec with knowledge of the project, that process only occurs at the very last step of a smart contract workflow.

If the merging of the two technologies ends up doing what the developers claim, the results could be an entirely new ecosystem of financial products developed without the need of a central authority. As an example, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation could be removed from secondary trading.

"There's been extensive investment in research and proofs-of-concept for blockchain in enterprise over the last several years, and very little of it has reached enterprise value yet," Wilcox said, adding:

"One of the major blockers that has been preventing larger adoption is the privacy problem, and we have a live solution to that privacy problem for the first time."

Beyond zcash

But while this is the first implementation of ZSL in an enterprise blockchain, it may not be the last.

As part of the announcement, JPMorgan and the Zcash Company jointly expressed plans to continue working together with other enterprises building blockchain technology. Further, variations of the ZSL integration could someday include different parameters to define the proofs.

In the initial implementation, those parameters came directly from zcash (which has a market cap of $559 million as of press time), but the JPMorgan source said they could be modified to accommodate other concerns in the future.

Also revealed, as part of an expansion effort to attract new talent, ZSL is scheduled to be released as open-source software at a future date. In this way, individuals and other organizations will be able to experiment and test new applications of the code.

Disclosure: CoinDesk is a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which has an ownership stake in Zcash Company, the for-profit entity that develops the zcash protocol.

JPMorgan building image via Shutterstock

The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is an independent media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. Have breaking news or a story tip to send to our journalists? Contact us at

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Why Miners Are Mining Bitcoin Cash – and Losing Money Doing It

Jimmy Song
Aug 30, 2017 at 09:00 UTC  |  Updated  Aug 30, 2017 at 22:01 UTC

Jimmy Song is a bitcoin developer and principal architect at blockchain technology startup Paxos.

In this opinion piece, Song discusses mining patterns on the bitcoin cash blockchain, theorizing on what they might indicate about the incentives powering the new cryptocurrency.

Over the weekend, the bitcoin cash blockchain experienced a notable technical change.

Like the bitcoin blockchain from which it forked, bitcoin cash is hard-wired to adjust how hard it is for miners to claim its rewards, and on Saturday, it saw such a change. As a result, bitcoin cash was made 300% more difficult to mine.

This, in turn, caused the profitability of the coin to decrease dramatically. Many miners left for bitcoin, and for about 10 hours only a few blocks were found.

As a result, emergency difficulty adjustments (a technical mechanism unique to bitcoin cash) were triggered, causing the difficulty to drop enough for miners to begin switching back.

What's interesting, however, is that at the time, bitcoin cash was still less profitable to mine than bitcoin by about 20%. Still, many miners, including those using pools like BTC.Top, ViaBTC and AntPool continued dedicating computing power to the blockchain.

This means these miners were likely giving up profit that they could have earned had they been mining bitcoin. So what gives? And why are miners mining at a loss?

This is not an easy question to answer and my analysis here is speculative. But, here are some possibilities:

Miners are committed to fork

Miners may be committed to making the new cryptocurrency work, as they may have now accrued a large bitcoin cash position.

Armed with this vested interest, they may believe slow blocks will cause bitcoin cash to tank, so they may be mining to keep the network working smoothly.

The argument against this is that during the 10-hour window after the non-emergency difficulty adjustment, many of the same miners left. If consistent blocks were the major concern, there should have been more mining power on bitcoin during that interval.

Miners think the price will rise

The miners mining now may be thinking that the bitcoin cash price will increase in the near future to make mining worthwhile. A 30-40 percent increase in the bitcoin price relative to bitcoin would certainly make their mining profitable, and they may be waiting until then to sell.

These miners may have insider information about a large buy order or may be just hoping for larger fluctuations of bitcoin cash price.

Miners are getting subsidies

Another theory is that there may be bitcoin cash supporters that are subsidizing mining in some way, behind the scenes.

This could be something like an over-the-counter market for bitcoin cash where buyers are paying a higher price than the exchanges to incentivize mining. If the buyers demand freshly minted bitcoin cash, this would effectively make it so miners were the only supply that could satisfy this particular demand.

Similarly, bitcoin cash supporters could simply be paying pools to point hash power the blockchain network.

Ultimately, there are now more questions than answers.

We don't really know why miners are mining bitcoin cash instead of bitcoin. But, we know that at the very least, they aren't making as much money as they could, and this means these miners are paying some opportunity cost in order to mine bitcoin cash.

Gold panning image via Shutterstock

The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk strives to offer an open platform for dialogue and discussion on all things blockchain by encouraging contributed articles. As such, the opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the view of CoinDesk.

For more details on how you can submit an opinion or analysis article, view our Editorial Collaboration Guide or email news@coindesk.com.

PricesMiningBitcoin Cash

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text:
JetVent Impulse Exhaust System

The ventilation of car parks is essential for removing vehicle exhaust fumes containing harmful pollutants. Some of these pollutants include Carbon Monoxide ( CO ), Nitrous Oxides ( NOX ), Sulphur Dioxide ( SO2 ) and heavy metal compounds.

Coles Refrigeration and Air Conditioning can design a car park ventilation system to suit any of your needs from the standard ducted type systems to the more energy efficient and practical Impulse ventilation systems.

The most significant development in car park ventilation design has been the introduction of Impulse Ventilation. It is an innovative alternative to traditional systems and provides a number of significant benefits. An Impulse Ventilation System is based on a number of small high velocity ‘JetVent Fans’ that either replace traditional distribution ductwork in closed car parks or increase cross-flow ventilation in open car parks. In addition to removing pollutants, the ventilation systems may also provide assistance to fire fighters by either limiting the spread of smoke in the event of a fire or clearing smoke after the fire is extinguished.

Impulse Ventilation originated in Europe and has been widely used around the world for both car park ventilation and smoke management control systems. A number of National Fire Authorities in Europe now insist on Impulse Ventilation for car parks.

Conventional Ducted System

Conventional Ducted System

Impulse Ventilation System

How it Works

JetVent Fans operate on well proven longitudinal tunnel ventilation principles. The fans produce a high velocity jet of air, in turn moving a larger quantity of air surrounding the fan through a process known as entrainment. The amount of air entrained by a single fan increases with the velocity and the quantity of air being discharged by the fan. These characteristics directly relate to the thrust rating of the fan, which is measured in Newtons (N).

  • Largely eliminates the need for air distribution ductwork within the car park.
  • Mechanical supply and exhaust systems with less resistance, smaller fans and lower power consumption.
  • Ventilation risers and plant rooms reduce in size and quantity, making the car park more open and possibly yielding additional car park spaces.
  • Possibility of increasing the number of control zones in the car park. Typically brings gains in operating energy efficiency over and above the best ducted car park ventilation systems.
  • Great potential for reduced excavation and construction costs. System is small in vertical profile and the placement of fans can be very flexible resulting in lower floor-to-ceiling heights.
impulse fan

Workings of JetVent or Impulse Fan

Fan Specifications

The capacity of a single fan increases with its thrust rating. All car park JetVent Fans are rated according to this in Newtons (N) of thrust.

All JetVent Fan types are tested to the following Standards:

  • Thrust performance based on tests to BS848: Part 10:1999.
  • Noise data based on tests to BS848: Part 2:1985.
  • Axial and Centrifugal units tested for smoke spill requirements as outlined in AS4429:1999.

Please do not hesitate to contact one of our experienced sales engineers to design and construct your next car park ventilation project.


text:
Cyborg 009 Vol. 9: Preview

10-Page Preview!

by Shotaro Ishinomori

009 has double vision when he sees two Helens--although their faces aren't launching a thousand ships, they sink 009 into a ball of confusion. The rest of our alloy alliance is in for a double-crossing. While closing in on the Black Ghost, a member of gang zero-zero turns out to be a big fat zero!
Customer Rating
Average Rating (11):
Action/Adventure Manga Movies & TV Robots, Cyborgs & Mecha
About Book

Page Count

11 Pages

Print Release Date

December 29 2004

Digital Release Date

February 13 2013

Age Rating

12+ Only

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CompanionLink Support Center

Google Sync for Mac

Thank you for choosing CompanionLink for Mac! The new direct Google sync now allows you to seamlessly sync your Mac data. Sync the native Apple applications or Outlook for Mac with Google!

Two methods for syncing your data with Google.

  • Use Direct Sync to Google
  • Use our DejaCloud Connector sync with Google if you also want to use DejaOffice.

First, backup your current data. Learn how here.

How to set Direct Sync from Outlook for Mac to Google

IMPORTANT to switch from DejaCloud to Google Direct Sync:

If you are switching from using a Google Connector via DejaCloud, you will want to remove your active Google connector to avoid potential duplicates since the connector will no longer be needed. Remove your Google connector by following the steps below:

  1. Log into your DejaOffice CRM Live account here: DejaOffice CRM Live
  2. Select "Account Status" > "Connectors" > "Edit" beneath your Google Connector > "Remove"

1. Download CompanionLink for Mac. If you have a prior build this will update the build with the new direct sync option. If you installing the first time, this is a 14-day demo and you can Purchase Here..

2. Set Google as your Device, set 'Direct' as your Sync Method, then click the gear icon..

3. Enter your Google account login information by following the prompts.

4. Your default Google calendar will automatically be selected to sync. You can elect to change the default calendar or include additional calendars to read from.

Now that your Google sync is set up, you can synchronize Outlook with Google by hitting the "Synchronize" button on the CompanionLink home screen.

Sync your Mac with DejaCloud

Setup CompanionLink on your Mac

  1. Download and install CompanionLink if you have not already done so. CompanionLink for Mac
  2. Open the "CompanionLink" app from the Lauchpad or your Applications folder.
  3. Choose "Sync with DejaCloud" from the first drop-down option (Select your sync target).
  4. Choose "DejaCloud Sync" from the 2nd drop-down option (Select your sync method).
  5. Click the gear icon next to "DejaCloud Sync", and enter the email address and password for your DejaCloud account.
  6. Choose "Advanced Settings" to configure which Applications you would like to sync, which Calendars or Reminders lists you want to include/exclude.

How to sync

  1. Open CompanionLink on your Mac, and click the "Synchronize" button.
  2. Once the synchronization begins, you will see a working progress indicator within CompanionLink for Mac.
  3. Once the sync completes, you can now sync with your mobile device or PC linked to your DejaCloud account.

Before proceeding, PLEASE back up your data

Address Book 6.x: Archive your address book

iCal 5.x: Back up or restore calendars and reminder lists

Create a backup of your Outlook for Mac data
Back up Outlook for Mac 2011


text:
axiafx vs banks

Slovakia’s government is no more this morning after they became the first government not to pass the enhancements to the European Financial Stability Facility. The opposition arguments to voting for the enhancements were that Greece is already bankrupt and that throwing good money after bad would be bad for Slovakia. They won the day yesterday and another vote on the measures will probably take place later in the week.

The euro has held steady however over the Asian session as bad headlines were outweighed by the positives. Standard & Poor’s downgraded its assessment of the Spanish banking sector on the basis of sovereign debt issues and following rating agencies cuts to the sovereign rating of Spain itself. On the positive side the EU/IMF/ECB troika said that Greece will receive its next aid payment of EUR10.2bn when the Eurogroup and IMF approve the results of the review, which is most likely in early November while EC President Barroso said he will make some proposals to the European Commission today about a “comprehensive response to the crisis” something that we would expect to include bank recapitalisation.

We also saw a strong Italian bond auction as they sold EUR7bn in 1 year bills at a yield of 3.570% which is down over half a percentage point since the previous auction and despite ratings downgrades in the mean time. The bid-to-cover ratio, an indication of demand, was stronger at 1.876 vs. 1.529 previously.

News from the UK wasn’t bad either yesterday as the National Institute of Economic and Social Research’s estimate of Q3 GDP was 0.5%, above the previous number of 0.4%. Manufacturing and Industrial production was poor as we had expected but made little impact.

Equities are due to open lower in Europe this morning after the first results from the US earnings season missed estimates and increased fears of a slowdown stateside. Alcoa, an aluminium producer, said the economic slowdown hurt demand and knocked Aluminium prices lower. CEO Klaus Kleinfeld warned of weak economic conditions through the year, particularly in Europe, “as confidence in the global recovery faded.”.

The economic data calendar includes Eurozone August industrial production and the UK official labour market figures. Anyone who listened to the “Today” programme on Radio 4 today will have heard the UK Minister for Work and Pensions sounding fairly downbeat this morning. 09.30 could see some poor UK jobs numbers in other words.

The Fed will publish the FOMC minutes from the extended September 20-21 meeting, which should give us clues as to how unanimous the vote for “Operation Twist” was, whether further QE is on the way and if a cut in interest rates on bank deposits was discussed. The ECB, BoJ, BoE and SNB also conduct 3-month USD-liquidity operations for banks today.

What the future holds for sterling – Free Seminar

If you import or export, you’ll know that a blip in exchange rates can have a massive impact on your bottom-line. Keeping an eye on what’s going on in the markets can be time-consuming, so currency experts World First have put it all in one place. We’ve brought together some folk you might like to hear from. On Thursday 20th October, World First’s Chief Economist will be joined by our Non-Executive Director Sir David Clementi (Ex-Chairman of the Prudential and former Deputy Governor of the Bank of England) for an informed discussion about foreign exchange and the global economy.

Indicative Rates Sell Buy
GBPEUR 1.1410 1.1436
GBPUSD 1.5580 1.5604
EURUSD 1.3640 1.3663
GBPJPY 119.37 119.65
GBPAUD 1.5634 1.5660
GBPNZD 1.9904 1.9932
GBPCAD 1.6011 1.6040
NZDUSD 0.7817 0.7838
GBPZAR 12.30 12.35
USDZAR 7.8878 7.9244
GBPPLN 4.9188 4.9478
EURJPY 104.53 104.80

Rates are dependent on amount transacted. Please call for a live rate quote

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Importance of Routine Prenatal Visits

Home / Blog / Importance of Routine Prenatal Visits

“It’s positive!”

These words are extremely meaningful for any women trying to get pregnant. However, knowing that you are going to be a mother is just the first stop on your wonderful pregnancy journey. Dr. Miriam Mackovic, a leading gynecologist in Long Beach, California, advises that you make an appointment as soon as possible with your health care provider after receiving a positive pregnancy test.

Caring for Two

As an expectant mother-to-be, you should not only be concerned about the health of the baby but with your own as well. This is because your overall health will significantly affect the heath of your child at birth and throughout their lifetime.

During your first visit, your health care specialist will be interested in general health questions. She will inquire about any pre-existing medical conditions or medication being taken. She will also ask about the health history of your family members, which includes your family and your partner’s family. The health care provider can then determine if you have any pregnancy risk factors. These factors may include health conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension, and/or lifestyle practices, such as smoking or a family history of heath disorders.

Pre-Natal Counseling

Preparing for your due date is extremely important. Your health care provider will give you updates on your baby’s development during your scheduled visits. She will also recommend proper diet and vitamins to take as well as medications to avoid or take precautions against.

Time to Ask Questions

As a mother-to-be, you may have many questions on your mind. Your first visit is just the right time for you to ask these questions. Your health care provider will be happy to answer anything you ask her. Some of the most frequently asked questions are:

  • Do I need to take special vitamins?
  • Do other pregnant women experience the same conditions I do?
  • What can I do to manage my morning sickness?
  • Is it still okay for me to have sex while I’m pregnant?

Make a journal of all your questions and be sure to bring this to each and every visit so that all your questions are answered by a health care professional.

Your first visit to your health care provider is critical. With the information gathered, your health care provider can map out the proper program of guidance and support during your pregnancy. As the leading gynecologist clinic in Long Beach, California, we want to reassure you that your first visit is an exciting first step of a wonderful process.

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Internet Y2K monitoring plans outlined

IT professionals who have volunteered to work with the President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion plan to deal directly with systems administrators on the night of the rollover to the new year, an official with Mitre, said.

The volunteers have created the Y2K Cyber Assurance National Information Centre to report to the council's Information Coordination Centre (ICC) in Washington, where the federal government will monitor computer operations during the rollover.

The Y2K Cyber Assurance National Information Centre is one of more than 10 centres run by industry officials that will provide information to the council. Its unique responsibility will be assisting in the sharing of information related to security problems that occur on systems connected to the Internet, said Gary Gagnon, director of secure information technologies at Mitre, a nonprofit corporation that provides engineering services to the US government.

"We are going to be sharing information within the private sector and between the private sector and the government centre," Gagnon said.

The Y2K Cyber Assurance National Information Centre will put systems administrators in touch with security vendors and other solution providers, Gagnon said. As events start unfolding, if there are issues, the security vendors will be available to help.

The type of information Gagnon said was likely to be shared includes vulnerabilities, anomalous events and solutions. Gagnon added that the information centre would tie into already established reporting requirements, including those set up by security vendors, and does not anticipate any new ones to be added.

"If something new comes out, we anticipate we would disseminate that information via existing dissemination mechanisms such as Software Engineering Institute's Computer Emergency Response Team to get info out to the population in general," Gagnon said.

Mitre is serving as the facilitator of the centre. The other volunteers on the team include representatives of Veridian, (the Internet Operators Group), Sematech and the SANS Institute, which represents 62,000 systems administrators and security professionals.

Vendors that are assisting include Microsoft, Internet Security Systems, Axent Technologies, Network Associates, Symantec and Trend Micro. The centre will be able to tap into the resources and expertise of these companies as the date changes time zone to time zone, Gagnon said, adding that the SANS Institute and the Information Technology Association of America will be responsible for keeping in touch with the systems administrators.

Ira Richer, executive director of, said his organisation of Internet service providers has lined up about 25 people who will be participating in various activities to monitor the date-change transition period. The representatives will participate in a telephone conference call bridge dubbed "Silent Night" starting around 6am EST on Dec. 31 to begin more than 24 hours of monitoring, starting with events in New Zealand.

"New Zealand turns over at 6am Eastern (Standard Time)," Richer said. The participants "are going to call all the time during the transition period. We hope that most of the time we'll just be saying 6am, all's well, 6:30 all's well. That's why we dubbed this operation 'Silent Night.'" will also oversee a "shared trouble ticket system" that will use a Web-based tool to share information. The advantage will be that if a problem is discovered, for example, in a system in New Zealand, the information will be disseminated so that anyone in a country where the rollover occurs later - and who has the same equipment configured the same way - will have a jump on deploying a fix, said Richer, who also plans to be at the ICC through the night.

John Koskinen, chairman of the President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion, told the briefing that the information sharing plans that Mitre and released today will not affect information sharing that will take place among federal government agencies and the individual industries that they regulate.

But he said the Y2K Cyber Assurance National Information Centre and other centres like it will allow the ICC to get status reports that will make it possible for the ICC to provide "as complete and as authoritative picture as we can of what's happening everywhere around the world and around the country."

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