text:
For character biography, see Kael'thas Sunstrider.
For strategy on the Magisters' Terrace encounter, see Kael'thas Sunstrider (Magisters' Terrace tactics).

Kael'thas Sunstrider <Lord of the Blood Elves> is the fourth and final boss encounter of the Eye in Tempest Keep. It's a very interesting fight with five phases. Phases 2 and 3 are DPS races, while 4 and 5 are one big Battle for survival. Overall, many veteran raiders consider this to be one of the most challenging and most enjoyable boss encounters in the whole of The Burning Crusade.

Kael'thas, his advisors, and the phoenixes are immune to Taunt, Crowd Control and all snare or slow effects. The Weapons are susceptible to all of these effects.

The advisors enter Phase 1 with half of their normal HP. After they are resurrected for Phase 3 they are at full health.

Thaladred the DarkenerEdit

  • ~560k health (~280k in P1)
  • Melee – 3-4k on plate plus 2.5k every tick for 12 seconds
  • Gaze – Fixes aggro to a random person in raid; 9 second cooldown
  • Psychic Blow – 4-5k damage plus knockback to his current target, 30 yard range
  • Silence – Silences anyone within 8 yards

Lord SanguinarEdit

  • ~580k health (~290k in P1)
  • Melee – 3-4k on plate
  • Bellowing Roar – 35 yard AoE fear centered on himself, 1.5 second cast, no aggro reset

Grand Astromancer CapernianEdit

  • ~400k health (~200k in P1)
  • Fireball – 6-7k single-target fire damage
  • Conflagration – Randomly targets players within 30 yards; causes disorient effect with 600-900 damage per second plus 300 damage per second to all players within 8 yards of the debuffed player. Capernian will not attack players afflicted by conflagaration.
  • Arcane Explosion – 4.5k Arcane damage plus knockback and slow debuff; only used if players are in melee range

Master Engineer TelonicusEdit

  • ~550k health (~275k in P1)
  • Melee – ~5700 pre-mitigation
  • Bomb – 7-9k fire in a small AoE centered on current target's location, 1.5 second cast; not subject to miss or resistance; cast takes the place of a melee attack
  • Remote Toy – 60 sec debuff placed on a random player, periodically stuns the affected player for 4 seconds

Kael'thas SunstriderEdit

  • ~3.6 million HP
  • Melee – ~4k on plate
  • Fireball – 2.5 sec cast, ~16-20k fire damage, interruptible
  • Flamestrike – 3 sec cast, ~120k AoE in a 6-yard radius plus 3k fire damage per second AoE for 8 sec in a 10-yard radius
  • Summon Phoenix – periodically summon a Phoenix
  • Arcane Disruption – 1750-2250 Arcane damage and a 10-second disorient to every raid member, 20 sec cooldown, can be removed with PvP Trinket
  • Shock Barrier – a shield which absorbs 80,000 damage, lasts 10 seconds and prevents spells from being interrupted

Phase 4 specific abilitiesEdit

  • Mind Control – Mind controls 2-3 people in the raid
  • Pyroblast – 4 sec cast, 45k-55k fire damage, interruptible, 60 sec cooldown; begins casting immediately after casting Shock Barrier

Phase 5 specific abilitiesEdit

  • Gravity Lapse – All members of raid are teleported to him and then swim in the air for 30 sec
  • Nether Beam – 1850-2150 arcane damage to a random target, jumps to nearby players, damage doubled for each jump (similar to C'Thuns eye beam)
  • Nether Vapor – Small black clouds floating in the air near Kael'thas. If touched they add a stacking debuff which reduces max health by 10% each time, stacking up to 9 times, to 90% reduction.

Raid CompositionEdit

  • Main Tank
  • Fire Resist Tank (~150 for use as Conflag target during P1 and Phoenix tank in P4/5)
  • 2 Off-Tanks
  • 6-7 Healers
  • 5-6 Melee
  • 10-11 Ranged

This fight favors ranged damage dealers because there are mobs which are highly dangerous for melee (Thaladred and Capernian), and the Phoenix eggs are much easier killed by ranged (only 15 sec time to do 70k damage), melee lose too much time running to the egg.

Phase 1: Introducing the AdvisorsEdit

The raid can leisurely kill each advisor. To make phase 3 easier, each advisor should be killed in a pre-planned location.

The advisors engage in the following order:

  • Thaladred the Darkener fixes aggro on ("sets his gaze on" emote) a raid member at all times, and, for the duration of the gaze, walks toward that target, who must run away and thus kite him while ranged DPS attack Thaladred. For brief intervals between gazes, or if the gaze target dies, Thaladred may melee or follow the target with the most threat. Nobody should be closer than 10 yards when a gaze shift takes place.
  • Lord Sanguinar is a simple tank and spank boss, made interesting only by his fear ability (which no longer resets aggro).
  • Grand Astromancer Capernian casts Arcane Explosion if there are people in melee range, making this another ranged-only fight. Conflagrate must be avoided by everybody except her tanks. One possible setup is to have a fire resist tank stand rather close to her (about 15 yards, still outside Arcane Explosion range) to eat the conflagrations, while a Warlock kills her from 30 yards away. Such a setup needs two healers on the warlock, and one on the fire tank. Alternately, she can be tanked by two warlocks which take turns - when one is conflagrated, the other takes over. Warlocks tanking her must not have Nether Protection, or she closes range, melees and casts Arcane Explosion after one of her spells is resisted.
  • Master Engineer Telonicus is probably the least dangerous of the advisors. His Remote Toy debuff is potentially fatal if active on a tank during phase 2 (significantly hampering threat generation and making positioning difficult), so delay killing Telonicus until no tank has the debuff. In phase 3, the debuff is made irrelevant by the staff's anti-stun aura.

Phase 2: The WeaponsEdit

Layout showing the spawn locations of all the weapons around Kael.

After all advisors are dead, Kael'thas summons his arsenal of seven legendary weapons. By killing and looting these weapons all raid members can equip themselves with legendary weapons for the rest of the fight (the weapons are multi-drop but unique; one player can theoretically pick up one copy of each). Killing the weapons is a mixture of AoE and focus fire. There should be an AoE kill zone, where most of the weapons are held, while the remaining DPS concentrate on one weapon after the other. Here's an overview of the weapons in a reasonable kill order:

[Netherstrand Longbow] ~210k HP

Has a Multi-Shot attack, drops aggro if any melee or pet attack it. Preferably tanked by a hunter facing it away from the raid to avoid Multi-Shot hitting others. This is the most dangerous weapon and should be killed first by all hunters and ranged DPS which do not take part in the AoE.

[Staff of Disintegration] ~170k HP

Low melee damage, attacks with Frostbolt and Frost Nova. It likes to cast a Frost Nova, run away 10-15 yards and then start to Frostbolt. It's a highly desirable item because its "use" ability grants immunity to the Remote Toy debuff, and it increases the damage output of casters. It also has low HP and dies faster than the other weapons.

[Cosmic Infuser] ~280k HP

Low melee damage. Heals itself and friendly targets, which must be interrupted. The melee damage dealers should control and kill this first.

[Infinity Blade] ~210k HP

Hits normal but attacks very fast. Has a Thrash ability (similar to Prince Malchezaar's phase 2 ability) that grants it two extra attacks.

[Warp Slicer] ~290k HP

Hits for 1-1.5K every 2s on plate. Applies a stacking Rend DoT. Each stack ticks for an additional 500 damage every 3s for 15s; the Rend attack that applies the DoT can miss, be dodged or parried.

[Devastation] ~230k HP

Frequently Whirlwinds, which one-shots any non-tanks. Must be tanked slightly away from the other weapons, near the edge or even outside the AoE zone. Not very useful for most raid members, therefore it's not a problem if it doesn't die quickly.

[Phaseshift Bulwark] ~290k HP

Does high damage. Has a "shield spike"-like ability which when activated can reflect a lot of damage to a fast attacking melee DPSer. Also has much higher HP and armor than the other weapons. The tanks can manage phase 3 without it, but they must absolutely have it to tank Kael'thas in phase 4.

Weapon tank list:

  • Main Tank: Axe [Devastation]
  • Main Tank: Sword [Warp Slicer] + Shield [Phaseshift Bulwark]
  • Offtank #1: Mace [Cosmic Infuser] + Dagger [Infinity Blade]
  • Offtank #2: Staff [Staff of Disintegration]
  • Hunter: Bow [Netherstrand Longbow]

The weapon corpses despawn after 60 seconds, and the looted weapons disappear 15 minutes after being looted. Players also lose them when releasing (after a death) or when the encounter is reset.

It's not a big problem to have two weapons alive (e.g. the [Phaseshift Bulwark] and [Devastation]) when phase 3 starts.

Alternative strategyEdit

Some guilds believe that managing to get all weapons down before phase 3 is the basis for a perfect Kael'Thas kill. Suggested raid composition for this is 3 tanks 6 healers and 16 DPS players. The DPS composition should include at least 2 hunters, 3 mages and 3 warlocks.

As soon as the weapons spawn the main tank should grab the axe. The bow should be tanked by 2 hunters. The staff should be tanked by your off tank (A good position is behind Kael'Thas). A paladin tank can and should tank all the other weapons.

The Two hunters should be left alone to kill the bow. The mages and warlocks should start by nuking the axe. The Melee should take care of the staff very very fast. As soon as the staff is down the DPS you have assigned to the axe should change their focus to the group of weapons tanked by the protection paladin regardless if the axe is down or not (it will be finished later by the hunters). Additionally they should proceed in good order to loot the Staff one by one (if all of them rush to get it then the AoE on the group of weapons will be too low to take them down in time). At the same time the melee should focus on the cosmic infuser which will now be tanked by the tank that was on the staff (assign a rogue or two to stop it from healing).

As soon as the two hunters finish with the bow they should proceed to loot it and then finish off the axe (hence freeing the main tank for phase 3)

The AoE group should by now have started their AoE (with at least 40 seconds remaining). The moment the cosmic infuser comes down the tanking paladin should move a few yards back to allow the healers to loot easily at this point melee and the mace tank should nuke the shield. The AoE should continue non stop with the addition that the mages and warlocks should now target the Phaseshift Bulwark (shield) and cast any instant spells they have (such as fire blast or a curse) so the can hasten the downing of the shield. Each time a weapon goes down the tankadin should move another 3 yards backwards to allow for easier loot.

The last two weapons that will go down are the Infinity blade and warp slicer (in that order). Two rogues and possibly a DPS warrior or an enhancement shaman should loot the infinity blade to use it in the mind controlled of the raid during phase 4.

If you have followed this tactic then the last weapon should go down just about the moment phase 3 starts. Such a smooth handling of weapons is the half of a very smooth performance in phase 3 and hence a very promising phase 4 and 5.

Kael'thas Sunstrider Legendary WeaponsEdit

Kael'thas Sunstrider Legendary Weapons
Inv weapon bow 19
  • Netherstrand Longbow
  • Tempest Keep
  • Unique
  • Bow
  • Ranged
  • Speed 2.90
  • 256 - 385 Damage
  • (110.5 damage per second)
  • +20 Stamina
  • Durability 110 / 110
  • Classes: Hunter
  • Requires level 70
  • Equip: Increases ranged attack power by 70.
    Equip: Increases your ranged weapon critical strike damage bonus by 50%.
    Use: Summons a bundle of Nether Spikes for use as ammo.
    Chance on hit: Increases Physical damage taken by the target by 5%. Can be applied up to 5 times. Lasts 30 sec.
    Equip: Improves ranged critical strike rating by 50.
  • Icon-3D-48x48
Inv staff 52
Inv mace 48
  • Cosmic Infuser
  • Tempest Keep
  • Item Level 175
    Disenchants into:
    Not disenchantable
  • Unique
  • Mace
  • Main Hand
  • Speed 2.8
  • 14 - 221 Damage
  • (41.84 damage per second)
  • +40 Spirit
    +40 Intellect
    +40 Stamina
  • Durability 125 / 125
  • Requires level 70
  • Equip: Restores 30 mana per 5 sec.
    Equip: Increases spell power by 318.
    Equip: Friendly targets of the caster's heals gain an effect that reduces the damage taken by Fire and Shadow spells by 50% for 30 sec.
  • Icon-3D-48x48
Inv weapon shortblade 47
  • Infinity Blade
  • Tempest Keep
  • Unique
  • Duration: 15 min
  • Dagger
  • One-Hand
  • Speed 2.00
  • 171 - 318 Damage
  • (122.3 damage per second)
  • +35 Stamina
  • Durability 95 / 95
  • Requires level 70
  • Equip: Improves critical strike rating by 25.

    Equip: Increases attack power by 70.

    Chance on hit: Increases magical damage taken by the target by 5%, and dispels Prince Kael'thas' Mind Control when a melee ability lands. Can be applied up to 5 times. Lasts 30 sec.
  • Icon-3D-48x48
Inv sword 69
  • Warp Slicer
  • Tempest Keep
  • Item Level 175
    Disenchants into:
    Not disenchantable
  • Unique
  • Sword
  • One-Hand
  • Speed 2.90
  • 248 - 461 Damage
  • (122.2 damage per second)
  • +35 Stamina
  • Durability 125 / 125
  • Requires level 70
  • Equip: Improves critical strike rating by 25.
    Equip: Increases attack power by 70.
    Chance on hit: Increases your movement speed by 50%, and your melee attack speed by 20% for 30 sec.
  • Icon-3D-48x48
Inv axe 68
  • Devastation
  • Tempest Keep
  • Item Level 175
    Disenchants into:
    Not disenchantable
  • Unique
  • Axe
  • Two-Hand
  • Speed 3.90
  • 496 - 744 Damage
  • (159.0 damage per second)
  • +75 Stamina
  • Durability 145 / 145
  • Requires level 70
  • Equip: Improves critical strike rating by 50.
    Equip: Increases attack power by 150.
    Chance on hit: Increases your movement speed by 50%, and your melee attack speed by 20% for 30 sec.
  • Icon-3D-48x48
Inv shield 31

Phase 3: All Four AdvisorsEdit

Exactly two minutes after the start of Phase 2, Kael'thas resurrects all the advisors at once. The advisor tanks and their healers should start to move to their assigned advisors (or rather their corpse) about 10 seconds before the end of Phase 2, so that they can immediately pick up the advisors.

Advisor tank list:

  • Main Tank: Sanguinar
  • Off-tank: Telonicus
  • Warlock/fire resist Tank: Capernian

Kill orderEdit

As before, Thaladred and Capernian should be avoided by melee. All four advisors can be safely attacked by ranged. Since Thaladred is the biggest nuisance, ranged DPS should concentrate on him first. One melee damage dealer with the [Infinity Blade] should put the debuff on him, but very carefully - the player must be highly aware of imminent gaze shifts, move away *before* each shift, and get back in only when some other person gets the gaze.

All other melee damage dealers should concentrate on Sanguinar first and Telonicus second.

After Thaladred is down, ranged DPS can either help the melee group at Sanguinar, or start on Capernian. This decision mainly depends on whether the melee group is strong enough to kill Sanguinar on their own, or the ranged DPS have to help.

When all other adds are down, Telonicus is finished off last by all damage dealers together.

Alternative strategyEdit

Since all of your tanks are now free and all of the weapons are down, the melee and your Main tank should head to Sanguinar (One healer needed and a CoH priest for the melee group).

One of your off tanks must tank Telonicus the engineer (one or two healers needed) and one of your warlocks tank Capernian (one healer needed - preferably a paladin in the group with the warlock for the fire resistance aura). That leaves one healer for the ranged DPS group (preferably a resto shammy or a CoH priest)

Kill Thaladered with your ranged DPS as fast as possible and then proceed to Sanguinar.

As soon as Sanguinar is down, the melee group and their healers should proceed to kill Telonicus.

The Ranged DPS should then start with Capernian (you should have approximately 1 min left before phase 4) and kill her.

As soon as Capernian is down everyone should move and finish off Telonicus (don't forget to rebuff the tanking warlock with salvation). The main tank should take position in front of Kael'Thas. Telonicus should be down just as Kael comes out to play.

You are now in a very good position to do a very clean Kael'Thas kill. The rest of this strategy (phase 4 and 5) is the same with the "classic" one.

Phase 4: Kael'thas SunstriderEdit

Three minutes after the start of Phase 3, Kael'thas himself enters the fight. If only one advisor is still up at that point, a smooth kill is close. If two or more are still up, a wipe is highly probable.

Fireball should be interrupted as much as possible.

Mind Controlled raid members should best be sheeped. It's also possible to use the [Infinity Blade] with low damage skills (e.g. Hamstring, Shiv) to dispel the MC. Stunning is not always effective because the buff from the [Staff of Disintegration] may be in effect. In addition to that hunter freezing traps must be set randomly on the ground, and all kinds of fears should and must be used when Kael is mind controlling your raid members. This will solve a lot of problems and it will improve the reaction time of your mages. (Decursive add on is a must for mages here)

Flamestrike MUST be avoided at all costs by everyone in the raid. Set Spell Details to High to see the glow on the ground, which is visible during the 3 sec cast time before it hits. The AoE looks similar to a Paladins Consecration.

Every 30–40 seconds Kael'thas summons a Phoenix. The graphic effect for this summon is identical to Flamestrike, however the cast time is much shorter, and it deals no damage.

Phoenix handlingEdit

After its birth, the phoenix can either be kited by a ranged damage dealer, or simply be tanked by the fire resist tank (it melees for ~800 on plate). It continually uses a hellfire ability which damages itself (5% HP) and everybody around it for ~5,000 fire damage per 2s tic, resulting in an (at most) 40 second life span. Upon its death, it will do an Ember Blast (4,500 fire damage melee range knockback, binary resist) and then turn into a Phoenix egg. This egg has ~70k HP and must quickly be killed, else it spawns a new Phoenix after 15 seconds.

Every 60 seconds Kael'thas casts an invariable sequence of Shock Barrier, 3 successive Pyroblasts and Arcane Disruption.

Even with all the possible mitigations in effect, Pyroblast deals up to 23,265 fire damage. Tanks with the [Phaseshift Bulwark] can use it to absorb one Pyroblast. If the damage dealers are up to it, the best course of action is to burn down the shield fast enough to interrupt the second pyroblast. Failing this, a tank with ~20k HP can just barely survive one pyroblast (with the Infernal Protection buff from the [Cosmic Infuser], a Fire Protection Potion or Nightmare Seed and PW:Shield). If a raid consistently fails to interrupt the second pyroblast, it's possible to have the tank eat the first one and absorb the second. This gives the healers enough time to bring the tank up to survive the immediately following arcane disruption. The third pyroblast can always be interrupted, because the shock barrier autmatically wears off after 10 seconds, which leaves a 2-second window for the interrupt.

Event CycleEdit

In summary, there's a 60-second rotation which takes place over the entire phase:

[0sec]->[20sec](MC + Arcane Disruption)->[40sec](Phoenix + MC + Arcane Disruption)->[60sec](Shock Barrier + 3 Pyroblasts + Arcane Disruption).

Flamestrike can happen all the time.

Phase 5: True PowerEdit

Once Kael'thas' health reaches 50%, he does a short cutscene and becomes invulnerable for a while. During this time, all remaining Phoenixes and their eggs should be killed. With unlucky timing it's possible that he reaches 50% just as he begins a pyroblast cycle, and thus become invulnerable (and truly uninterruptible) while casting 3 pyroblasts. Although this is a rare event, it doesn't hurt to pay attention to this possibility, and slow down some DPS if it could occur.

Gravity LapseEdit

In Phase 5, he no longer uses Mind Control and Pyroblast, instead he regularly casts a combination of Gravity Lapse, Nether Vapor and Nether Beam. Gravity Lapse teleports the entire raid to Kael'thas' position and up in the air from there. In order to avoid the Nether Vapor debuff and Nether Beam chaining, the raid must move away from Kael and spread out, best in three dimensions. Near the end of the 30 sec duration, people should try to keep close to the ground to minimize falling damage, but must not get too low, else they take damage and get launched back up high in the air.

Kael'thas continuously uses Shock Barrier during a Gravity Lapse, and the phoenixes go into a kind of evade mode. There's no point in trying to deal damage during that time.

At the end of a Gravity Lapse, Kael'thas and the phoenixes return to their prior targets, there's no aggro drop. Mages should Counterspell Kael's first Fireball so that he runs to the MT. The raid should initially be careful with DPS because the tank needs to build some rage first. This is a good opportunity to burn down the phoenix and his egg.

Kael'thas has no built-in hard enrage timer. The only problem is that the legendary weapons looted in phase 2 despawn 15 minutes after acquiring them. It's possible to bring him down using normal equipment, but the Arcane Disruptions cause the healers to run out of mana sooner or later.

It is a good idea to use Heroism/Bloodlust prior to Phase 4, so that Kael'thas can't buff himself when mind controlling a shaman. Some raids prefer to go all-out at the start of Phase 2, others wait until Phase 3.

Soloing Kael'Thas at level 90Edit

When soloing Kael'Thas at level 90, the most challenging part of the fight is when you have to fight all four advisors at once. Use all of your cooldowns and kill Capernian as quickly as possible or she will repeatedly disorient you. Abilities that summon pets or minions are also useful during this phase, as they can continue to attack while you are disoriented.

After killing Kael'Thas, stay near the ground and do not attempt to loot him until after your Gravity Lapse debuff has run out, or you will be launched high into the air and if your Gravity Lapse runs out in midair the fall could kill you.

Inv potion 101
Inv misc gem pearl 06
Inv chest chain 03
Inv chest chain 03
Inv chest chain 03
Inv misc summerfest brazierorange
Inv jewelry ring 55
Inv jewelry ring 65
Inv gauntlets 17
Inv pants leather 03
Inv mace 48
Inv misc cape 10
Inv gauntlets 29
Inv pants plate 07
Inv misc cape 06
Inv misc cape 15
Inv staff 43
Inv sword 2h blood c 01

  • Energy. Power. My people are addicted to it. Their dependence made manifest after the Sunwell was destroyed. Welcome to the future...a pity you're too late to stop it. No one can stop me now. Selama ashal'anore.
Advisor Introductions
  • Let us see how your nerves hold up against the Darkener, Thaladred.
  • You have persevered against some of my best advisors. But none can withstand the might of the Bloodhammer. Behold, Lord Sanguinar.
  • Capernian will see to it that your stay here is a short one.
  • Well done. You have proven worthy to test your skills against my Master Engineer, Telonicus.
Summoning Weapons
  • As you can see, I have many weapons in my arsenal.
Resurrecting Advisors
  • Perhaps I underestimated you. It would be unfair to make you fight all four Advisors at once, but...fair treatment was never shown to my people. I'm just returning the favor.
Engaging combat
  • Alas, sometimes one must take matters into one's own hands. Balamore shanal!
Mind Control
  • Obey me.
  • Bow to my will.
Summoning phoenix
  • Anara'nel belore!
  • By the power of the sun!
  • I have not come this far to be stopped! The future I have planned will not be jeopardized! Now, you will taste true power!

Casting Gravity Lapse:

  • Having trouble staying grounded?
  • Let us see how you fare when your world is turned upside down.
Killing a player
  • You will not prevail.
  • You gambled...and lost.
  • This was Child's play.
  • For...Quel...thalas!

Sound FilesEdit

See Sound files of Tempest Keep: Kael'thas Sunstrider

Tempest Keep The Eye Mount Farming

Tempest Keep The Eye Mount Farming

External linksEdit

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Emails: RIDOT ordered Park Avenue Bridge inspected early

Records request by unearths new details about Cranston closure

(Brian Yocono/WPRI)

CRANSTON. R.I. (WPRI) – The R.I. Department of Transportation ordered an outside consultant to speed up its inspection of the Park Avenue Bridge, which is what triggered last month’s controversial decision to close it down, emails obtained by reveal.

The internal RIDOT messages, obtained through a public-records request, shed new light on why the aging bridge was abruptly closed June 23. The bridge is located near House Speaker Nicholas Mattiello’s law office, and the speaker expressed outrage at the time that it was closed just as he was weighing whether to allow a vote on Gov. Gina Raimondo’s proposal to toll commercial trucks to fund bridge repairs.

Mattiello was reacting to speculation that the bridge had been targeted in some sort of effort to punish or pressure him over the toll legislation. At the time, RIDOT spokesman Charles St. Martin said the agency had tasked seven outside consultants with splitting up and inspecting all 230 structurally deficient Rhode Island bridges – and to do so in whatever order they chose.

“They can determine their own order and timeline for their assigned inspections, so long as they complete all of their assigned inspections by mid-August,” St. Martin told in an email June 24.

But the new emails unearthed by show the Park Avenue Bridge was handled differently.

“AECOM was instructed to inspect Bridge 092201 (Park Ave RR) ahead of schedule as part [sic] due to potential localized failure of the timber deck,” Jeffrey Sam, a structural engineer in consulting firm AECOM’s Providence office, told RIDOT officials in an email June 23.

“It was found during the inspection that local failure had indeed occurred and based on the severity of these findings AECOM recommends that the Park Ave RR bridge BE CLOSED TO ALL TRAFFIC IMMEDIATELY,” he continued.

Hours later, and following two more inspections, RIDOT closed the bridge.

In an interview Monday, RIDOT Director Peter Alviti said that at the time of the bridge closure he wasn’t aware that his staff members had ordered AECOM to inspect it early. He argued the messages paint RIDOT in a positive light.

“This is really an example of the process actually working here,” Alviti told “I really commend the people at the lower levels that had the presence of mind to take a look at this and move it up the chain so that it got the proper attention that it deserved.”

Alviti said he didn’t know if RIDOT had moved up inspections for any other of the 230 structurally deficit bridges in the same way that the Park Avenue one was. And he said he has no way of knowing whether there are other bridges that would need to be closed if an outside inspector took a closer look at them.

Mattiello declined to comment Monday on the new revelations about the bridge.

Alviti, RIDOT leaders informed on June 12

The 109-year-old Park Avenue Bridge, which receives more than 15,000 crossings a day, carries traffic over the Amtrak train tracks. The emails provide a closer look at the timeline that caused it to be closed.

According to the documents and Alviti, the bridge saga actually began on June 12 when RIDOT received a phone call about its deteriorating surface. Alviti said the call came from “a constituent.” The agency was unable to provide further information on the call.

“RIDOT receives many calls like these every day from constituents, police officers, firefighters, legislators, and public works officials from the cities and towns,” RIDOT spokesman St. Martin said. “We do not have complete logs of every caller since they come in through various departments.”

The call caused Angelo Baldinelli, superintendent of bridge maintenance, to go inspect the bridge along with Marc Bruneau, a RIDOT bridge engineer. In a June 25 email to David Fish, RIDOT’s managing bridge engineer, Bruneau laid out the chronology of what had transpired with the Park Avenue structure.

Bruneau said during his visit on June 12 he became concerned about the bridge’s broken asphalt. “I suspected what was transpiring but without access to the underside of the deck, there was no way to confirm,” Bruneau wrote to Fish.

Bruneau said he returned to the office after the inspection and found the plans for the bridge, which showed it had a roughly 25-year-old laminated timber deck. “My suspicions grew and I verbally related to you my findings and that once confirmed that the Park Ave RR bridge may have to be closed,” he told Fish.

That night, June 12, Fish sent an email to RIDOT’s leaders informing them of what Baldinelli and Bruneau had seen during the inspection.

“The top of the timber deck was found to [be] ‘spongy’ in several areas and is affecting the condition of the asphalt wearing surface,” he wrote. “No immediate action is required at this time. We will continue to monitor the deck condition next week.”

The documents show Fish sent the email to six RIDOT leaders, including Alviti. But on Monday, Alviti said he had no recollection of receiving the message. The director said he didn’t learn about the bridge’s problems until he received the recommendation to close it from an outside consultant later in the month.

“The first that I heard of this was when I was handed, that Tuesday morning [June 23], the report,” Alviti said.

Bridge inspection originally scheduled for August

On June 15, the Monday after Bruneau first examined the bridge, he said he reached out to a colleague to ask when it was scheduled to be examined as part of the accelerated bridge inspection program that Alviti had started in May, according to an email. Bruneau was told AECOM had been assigned to inspect it.

AECOM’s Jeffrey Sam “informed me that they had the bridge scheduled for inspection in August,” Bruneau wrote. “I told him that was too far away and asked him to inspect it ASAP. He rescheduled it for Sunday night/Monday morning, June 21st and 22nd.”

“His findings confirmed what I had suspected and he recommended closure of the bridge,” Bruneau added.

Alviti acknowledged Monday that it had taken about a week and a half from the time his staff members first expressed concern about the bridge before he ordered its closure, a potentially worrying delay considering he’d characterized it as being in “imminent danger of collapse.”

“We certainly want these things to move as quickly as humanly possible,” he said. “In this case I think it happened in a time that we could make some improvement on, and we’re always looking to make those improvements here. But the fact is, it happened I think in a timeline that was prudent.”

Bridge deterioration blamed on tough winter

An inspection photo provided by RIDOT shows rotting wood and growing mold on the Park Avenue Bridge.
An inspection photo provided by RIDOT shows rotting wood and growing mold on the Park Avenue Bridge.

A few hours after the closure, RIDOT chief engineer Kazem Farhoumand emailed three local construction executives – Stephen Cardi II of Cardi Corp.; Jeffrey Bostock of Aetna Bridge Company Inc.; and Jim Manafort Jr. of Manafort Brothers Inc. – to schedule a meeting for the following day to price out replacing the bridge’s timber deck. Emails show RIDOT officials then worked quickly with Amtrak and others to get the work started.

Fish, the managing bridge engineer, sent an email two days after the bridge was closed – on Thursday, June 25 – explaining to Alviti and his deputy, Peter Garino, that 355 of Rhode Island’s bridges have a weak “3” rating in the categories of structural condition or deck geometry.

“I think this is important information to get out there,” Alviti replied in a follow-up to Garino and Kevin Gallagher, the governor’s deputy chief of staff. “There is simply no way of knowing which bridge or when any of these 355 bridges will reach the point of being closed.”

“The only way to control this problem is to rebuild as many as we can as quickly as possible,” Alviti told them. Referring to the governor’s RhodeWorks toll proposal, whose near-term fate was being decided that day, he added: “This has been one of the primary reasons we have been pressing for passage of RoadWorks [sic].”

Unlike most bridges in the state, which are inspected every two years, the Park Avenue Bridge is inspected annually due to its deterioration level, according to RIDOT. Officials argue the bridge’s condition worsened significantly between its previous inspection last September and the examinations that took place in June.

“The pothole in the pavement loosening up this winter probably contributed substantially to it because not only do you have the moisture, the snow and ice, getting down into the wood … you also have then the impact of vehicles going over that, falling into the pothole and impacting that wood deck down below it,” Alviti said Monday.

Not all Park Avenue Bridge documents released requested all documents related to the Park Avenue Bridge that had been generated since January.

RIDOT and the governor’s office declined to provide all the documents covered by the request, saying in separate letters that some were protected by either attorney-client privilege or the legal exemption for “preliminary drafts, notes, impressions, memoranda, working papers, and work products.” There’s no way to know what documents were withheld.

Meantime, the Park Avenue Bridge is supposed to reopen later this month. Alviti acknowledged the timing of its closure had caused political problems for the Raimondo administration, but remained adamant Monday that he made the right decision.

“Regardless of when things like this happen or when information like this is brought to my attention, I would make the same decisions 100 times, regardless of when it happened or what the circumstances were around it happening,” he said.

He added: “I’m not sleeping easy at night since I got here, especially after having four bridge decks actually blow through in my first months here.”

Ted Nesi ( covers politics and the economy for He hosts Executive Suite and writes the Nesi’s Notes blog. Follow him on Twitter: @tednesi

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The application (doc writer, spreadsheet, presenter) hangs on Online templates (they can't be displayed) whenever running the app as non root user.

When running it as root, we have a dialog box prompting for checking a "resolution" check box and the Online templates are visible, the application can then be used (as root).

WPS version is on Linux x86_64 (Fedora 22) DE Gnome-shell 3.16.2
Can you attach the /proc/PID/maps for us? (Do replace PID to the actually wps using),
It sounds like the webkit module dependency crappy.
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text:
David D. Levine Wins Endeavor Award

Portland author David D. Levine is the winner of the 2009 Endeavour Award, for a distinguished science fiction or fantasy book written by a Pacific Northwest author.

  • Space Magic, David D. Levine (Wheatland)
  • Ill Met in the Arena, Dave Duncan (Tor)
  • A World Too Near, Kay Kenyon (Prometheus/Pyr)
  • Long Walks, Last Flights and Other Stories, Ken Scholes (Fairwood)
  • Anathem, Neal Stephenson (HarperCollins/Morrow)

The winner is presented with an engraved glass plaque made by artist Ashley Harper, and a grant of $1,000. Judges for the 2009 Award were Joe Haldeman, John Helfers, and Sarah Zettel.

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text:
In the 21st century in certain parts of our world, Islam has become the major force confronted by evangelical Reformed Christians.  Missions, evangelism, and apologetics are all involved in responding Christianly to the challenge of Islam.  How can/should Christians deal with this challenge so that the challenge, in fact, becomes a Kingdom opportunity?

Some religious leaders believe that there are moral and ethical "points of contact" between conservative Islam and evangelical Christianity.  Are there? And if there are, how should these "points of contact" be utilized?  But in addition to possible moral and ethical "points of contact" between Islam and Christianity, some scholars believe that there are theological "points of contact" between Christianity and Islam, that both religions share, for example, a "common word" and perhaps even worship the same God.

At our 2010 General Assembly in Edinburgh, a decision was made to commit the resources of the WRF to an intensive study of how we might assist our members in understanding Islam and in ministering in the context of Islam and that Consultation was carried out in November of 2011

This section provides materials from that Consultation and other materials as well.

On October 13, 2007, on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, 138 Muslim scholars and clerics sent an open letter "to leaders of Christian churches, everywhere." The signatories to that letter, titled "A Common Word Between Us and You," include top leaders from around the world representing every major school of Islamic thought.


text:
Spartanburg Co. deputies to help Florence Co. after hurricane

SPARTANBURG, S.C. (WSPA) – Several deputies with the Spartanburg County Sheriff’s Office have volunteered to help Florence County in the aftermath of Hurricane Matthew.

Lt. Kevin Bobo says that 7 officers will be leaving their homes and families Monday night to assist the the Florence County Sheriff’s Office.

The owners of Camping World in Spartanburg have donated 2 recreational vehicles for the deputies to live in while they are in Florence, so that any available rooms can remain vacant for Florence County residents.

The 7 deputies plan to help out in Florence County for the next 5 days.

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text:
SC agencies closed for Confederate Memorial Day

Confederate flags fly near a monument at Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston., S.C., on Tuesday, May 10, 2016. On this day in 1863, Confederate Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson died. May 10 is observed as Confederate Memorial Day in the Carolinas. (AP Photo/Bruce Smith)

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) – Most South Carolina state agencies are closed Wednesday in observance of Confederate Memorial Day.

The State reports that South Carolina is one of six states with a holiday honoring Confederate dead. The state observes the holiday May 10, the day in 1863 that Confederate Lt. Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson died from pneumonia after being wounded by friendly fire.

State parks and welcome centers remain open. State lawmakers will work Wednesday ahead of the legislative session’s end on Thursday.

Lawmakers have engaged in little debate about the holiday this year after the 2015 battle to remove the Confederate flag from State House grounds, but House Minority Leader Todd Rutherford says some are “thinking about” the holiday as they watch New Orleans’ efforts to remove Confederate monuments.

Anderson, Cherokee and Oconee county governments also recognize the day as a holiday.

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text:
UK Women Gearing Up For Tournament Run

Feb 27, 2012

After capturing the school's first SEC women's title in 30 years, Coach Matthew Mitchell's Wildcats will now prepare to defend their number one seeding in the conference tournament later this week.

With Sunday's 76-40 victory over Mississippi State, the Wildcats earned a first round bye and will take on the winner of the Auburn/Florida matchup Friday afternoon at 1 at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee.

During the regular season, UK defeated both of its possible opponents. The Wildcats handed the Gators two losses, winning in Gainesville 59-56 on Jan. 1 and in Lexington on Jan. 22, 57-52. UK also defeated Auburn in Auburn, Ala., on Jan. 26, 66-48.

UK finished the regular season with a 24 and 5 overall record, and a conference mark of 13 and 3.


text:
Melanie Jordan

Before night ends, before my wild alarm,
black shoulders and diamond-chip eyes: I
bolt upright at the figure near my bed, but

blue mercy seeps into the room as dawn,
bare and watered-down in gray rain, brings
birds with names I don't know for all the world,

birds so calm the day may have gone deaf.
Before long, it's plain I forgot to set the clock.
Barely any light squeaks through my clear window.

Black wings, black beaks in pantomime,
blue silk the only sound as I tie my robe, its
bolt of cloth seemingly bigger than the world, its

bolt of cloth like a cold damping mist, printed with
birds and cherry trees: indigo buntings, jays
blue and depicted perfectly, as though alive. Once

before, I woke up backwards, completely startled
black-tempered, dream-governed, the cogs and springs
bare in my head, churning overtime so I could hardly

bear the residue of my own thoughts, their carnivale
bolted with wings and worms, with the crying maw,
black gullet the first thing a nestling knows.

Birds that are half machine, like something from Bosch
before Bosch ever put brush to canvas, before he
blew shavings from his work desk and began to sketch

blue earth transparent as a bubble,
bare of humans or animals, the primordial state
before any kind of entropic garden emerged

bolted through with our supposed bodily sins.
Birds with beaks made monstrous by art,
black honey on their bills where they've probed

black hearts. Over me, my father stood
blue in the pane-light, watching me sleep, his
birds no comfort to me or him because my life,
barely held together with will and fatigue,
bolted together by a broken marriage, fitfully slept
before him, and he hadn't seen this woman before,

barely twenty-six with withered wings, having
bolted when her house went up in blue smoke.
Before, he saw his black-eyed girl, intact.

Coasting, I resented my bike's brakes, hated
caring about an end to motion and to the wind
carving my spoke-gaps. My brother was gone
caving and camping where I could not go,
calling over his shoulder—always the kiddie
carousel for me, the swingset, etc., but that

carousel, the one my father and I rode each summer
coasted, lurched, broke full down, recovered. We
recalled no time it had been fluid. We'd heard:
carefully it had been exhumed from some desert
cave, someone had opened numbered boxes to find
carved cherubs, velvet carriages in pieces, horses

carved so realistically as to foam at the bit, their
carousel a parade of divans, baroque
cavernous cars wracked with the sound of gears
coasting, or trying to. In these coaches we were
carried over and over, summer after summer,
calling to us, my mother, the park's closing,

calling to us, calliope, the mouths of the painted
carved bodiless cherubim. As a teenager, I didn't
care when the park removed the old German
carousel and replaced it with another, a polished
coasting design: tigers, ostriches, bears freed from their
caves. Years later the amusement park

caved to the pressure of capitalism; a conference
call settled it, and Opryland shut down gradually,
coasting to a halt, became a shopping mall
carved from the ruins of roller coasters, the new
carousel, an arcade and acres of track that had
carried water and wheels, screaming hundreds

carried on finite journeys, uphill, down, through
caves constructed of concrete, endlessly
carouseled in pursuit of fun, whatever people
call fun at least, each roller coaster an attempt to
carve fun from fright, to hurt, to ultimately
coast into the station scared and laughing,

carried to safety, usually, as you call out:
cavernous lungs, your carving hoarse voice—
roller coaster, carousel, rusting in an open field.

Xeric: adjective for desert, or anything sucked dry and coping with
x number of droplets evaporated or stolen, evacuated like Athens as
Xerxes burned the Acropolis temples. Even the Parthenon,
extant war-goddess temple, razed in its original form, enemies
xenon-like in their permeation, there before anyone knew, troops like
xerox copies of themselves swarming sacred ground. But not

xerox copies, because each was each, like Shi Huang Di's
xeric terracotta warriors, their thousand expressions unique like
xenon, the odorless, colorless element useful in its rarity. To its
x-axis, razed, the first Parthenon, because King Xerxes dreamed:
extant, a tall stranger ghost-oracle, howling havoc.
Xerxes sweating terror, recanting reluctance for war.

Xerxes, even in his arrogance, had the good sense to fear, and I
xeroxing handouts for my students with the US at war, know no
extant love in the young for Herodotus, as though his history,
xeric and crotchety, cannot possibly trouble the present of Generation
X, or Y, or whatever sub-final character we're calling them.
Xenon desk lamps burn black noise along the halls.

Xenon: Greek, means stranger. I am a stranger in these halls as
Xerxes in fallen dust of years is, his native name, Khashayar Shah
x'ed out in favor of the Greek name, a tyranny of history repeated,
xeroxed sheets by the ream informed by a name removed from its source,
xeric bone bleaching away from its watery host of blood and muscle,
extant name out of water like a dry pump without oil.

Extant, extant. It still means here, I say. They don't have dictionaries.
Xenon was here before we knew it was, discovered 1898.
Xeric, remember? We talked about that word once before.
Xerxes the Persian King, assassinated around four-six-five BCE.
Xeroxed copies of the essay are coming down the rows.
X as in Malcolm, as in Roman numeral, as in wrong answer, try again.

X -rays of human suspicion, imagine, would yield a black puddle
extant and growl-inducing as a bone in a yard full of hounds.
Xeroxed flyers cover the walls, conflating terror with faith,
xenophobia in neon, nearly, and a colleague begs me to help pull them down.
Xerxes awaits, I tell him, I can't just now, my class, my
xeric heart shriveling as I turn, his hands full of crumpled paper.

Xenon lamps scour seabeds; if only they could see my expatriate heart.
Khashayar Shah, foolish king, no one has learned from you, extant only
xeric tomb like a great terracotta vase. Time and greed. Xerox, xerox.

I think that poets, if they ever tackle forms, are either villanelle people or sestina people. For example, my friend Vanessa can crank out villanelles like she's breathing them out, but she isn't a fan of the sestina. I've found myself to be the opposite. To avoid sprawling, flabby lines, I yanked the repeating words to the beginning of the lines to give them a snap. After the first "reverse sestina", I discovered I had more of them in me, and I was shocked to find what I intellectually knew before I started writing them: form can force you into subjects and material you wouldn't otherwise write about.


text:
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Required by COPPA (15 USC 6501-6506)
 Conrad Bain
  • There are 35,907 people in the U.S. with the first name Conrad.
  • Statistically the 1003rd most popular first name.
  • More than 99.9 percent of people with the first name Conrad are male.
  • Names similar to Conrad:
  • There are 20,383 people in the U.S. with the last name Bain.
  • Statistically the 1965th most popular last name.
  • Famous people with the last name Bain:
 Conrad Bain
  • There are 2 people in the U.S. named Conrad Bain.
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text:
By  on January 9, 2012

TOKYO — Yuichi Yoshii, one of Japan’s most influential retail figures, is bringing a bit of the country’s cool, eclectic fashion to the Pitti Immagine Uomo show in Florence, which begins today.

“Tokyo Fashion Week in Italy,” a Japanese government–sponsored initiative, will showcase the work of some 20 designers, most of whom are gaining traction in their native Japan but have relatively little international presence. Mastermind Japan enjoys fairly strong name recognition abroad but that is not the case for the other participating labels, which include Phenomenon, Facetasm, Discovered, Whiz Limited, Swagger, .efiLevol, Vainl Archive and Ambush.

“I would like to focus on some brands that haven’t done shows internationally. Fresh brands — this is the central idea. It’s a good opportunity to introduce internationally those brands from Japan,” said Yoshii, who is overseeing the project and runs a multibrand store called The Contemporary Fix and a trendy sister cafe called Pariya. Previously he worked as a buyer for LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton’s now defunct private shopping club Celux and as the creative director of the multibrand boutique Loveless.

For the main part of the Japanese exhibition, called “Versus Tokyo,” Yoshii asked each brand to pick a handful of their best-selling items from recent collections and tweak them into new versions for Pitti in the hopes of snagging orders from foreign buyers. Yoshii will be taking over about 3,767 square feet of space of Pitti’s Fortezza da Basso, installing fake grass in the exhibition area for a “sporty” feel.

Some of the items that will be on display include sporty jackets covered with myriad zippered pockets from Phenomenon, button-down shirts sporting a duffle coat-style closure from Black & Blue and a series of tailored garments in polka dotted camouflage from Swagger. Immediately following Pitti, the designers’ work will be on display at Studio Zeta in Milan through Feb. 10.

“I think the people who come to Pitti might be a little bit conservative so the items from these collection are not too edgy but they are not boring,” he said.

On Wednesday, Tokyo Fashion Week will take over the 18th century Palazzo Capponi all’Annunziata and throw a party featuring the culinary work of Hide-Chan Ramen, which has branches in New York and Hong Kong and earned inclusion in the Michelin guides. The noodle restaurant will have to be a little creative as it is sourcing its ingredients in Italy rather than Japan.

Yoshii also said he wants to take advantage of Pitti to make a statement about Japan’s resilience after the March 11 tsunami disaster. “Probably some people are wondering if Japanese people are all right or not,” he said. “I want to say it’s fine. We’re happy and we’re OK.”

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text:
Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

Chinese Mathematics History Topics Index
Version for printing
The Jiuzhang suanshu or Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is a practical handbook of mathematics consisting of 246 problems intended to provide methods to be used to solve everyday problems of engineering, surveying, trade, and taxation. It has played a fundamental role in the development of mathematics in China, not dissimilar to the role of Euclid's Elements in the mathematics which developed from the foundations set up by the ancient Greeks. There is one major difference which we must examine right at the start of this article and this is the concept of proof.

It is well known what that Euclid, for example, gives rigorous proofs of his results. Failure to see similar rigorous proofs in Chinese works such as the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art led to historians believing that the Chinese gave formulas without justification. This however is simply an example of historians well versed in mathematics which is essentially derived from Greek mathematics, thinking that Chinese mathematics was inferior since it was different. Recent work has begun to correct this false impression and understand that there are different understandings of "proof". For example in [8] Chemla shows that Chinese mathematicians certainly understood how to give convincing arguments that their methodology for solving particular problems was correct.

Let us now give a short description of each of the nine chapters of the book.

Chapter 1: Land Surveying.
This consists of 38 problems on land surveying. It looks first at area problems, then looks at rules for the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions. The Euclidean algorithm method for finding the greatest common divisor of two numbers is given. It then proceeds to further area problems which do not use the material on fractions which appears somewhat misplaced. The types of shapes for which the area is calculated include triangles, rectangles, circles, trapeziums. In Problem 32 an accurate approximation is given for π. This is discussed in detail in Liu Hui's biography.

Chapter 2: Millet and Rice.
This chapter contains 46 problems concerning the exchange of goods, particularly the exchange rates among twenty different types of grains, beans, and seeds. The mathematics involves a study of proportion and percentages and introduces the rule of three for solving proportion problems. Many of the problems seem simple an excuse to give the reader practice at handling difficult calculations with fractions.

Chapter 3: Distribution by Proportion.
Here there are 20 problems which again involve proportion, many involving different sums given to or owed by officials of various different ranks. Direct proportion, inverse proportion and compound proportion are all studied. In particular arithmetic and geometric progressions are used in some of the problems.

Chapter 4: Short Width.
This chapter contains 24 problems and takes its name from the first eleven problems which ask what the length of a field will be if the width is increased but the area kept constant. These first eleven problems involve unit fractions are all of the following type, where n = 2, 3, 4, ..., 12:

Suppose a field has width 1+ 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n. What must its length be if its area is 1?
Problems 12 to 18 involve the extraction of square roots, and the remaining problems involve the extraction of cube roots. Notions of limits and infinitesimals appear in this chapter. Liu Hui whose commentary of 263 AD has become part of the text attempts to find the volume of a sphere, gives an approximate formula which he shows to be incorrect, then charmingly writes:-
Let us leave the problem to whoever can tell the truth.
Chapter 5: Civil Engineering.
Here there are 28 problems on the construction of canals, ditches, dykes, etc. Volumes of solids such as prisms, pyramids, tetrahedrons, wedges, cylinders and truncated cones are calculated. Liu Hui, in his commentary, discusses a "method of exhaustion" he has invented to find the correct formula for the volume of a pyramid.

Chapter 6: Fair Distribution of Goods.
This chapter contains 28 problems involving ratio and proportion. The problems are varied and concern problems about travelling, taxation, sharing etc. Problem 12 is a pursuit problem:-

A good runner can go 100 paces while a poor runner covers 60 paces. The poor runner has covered a distance of 100 paces before the good runner sets off in pursuit. How many paces does it take the good runner before he catches up the poor runner.
[Answer: 250 paces]
Problem 26 has become a classic type still used today:-
A cistern is filled through five canals. Open the first canal and the cistern fills in 1/3 day; with the second, it fills in 1 day; with the third, in 21/2 days; with the fourth, in 3 days, and with the fifth in 5 days. If all the canals are opened, how long will it take to fill the cistern?
[Answer: 15/74 of a day]
Chapter 7: Excess and Deficit.
The 20 problems give a rule of double false position. Essentially linear equations are solved by making two guesses at the solution, then computing the correct answer from the two errors. For example to solve
ax + b = c
we try x = i, and instead of c we get c + d. Then we try x = j, and instead of c we obtain c + e. Then the correct solution is
x = (jd - ie)/(d - e).
The first problem essentially contains the "guesses" in its formulation:-
Certain items are purchased jointly. If each person pays 8 coins, the surplus is 3 coins, and if each person gives 7 coins, the deficiency is 4 coins. Find the number of people and the total cost of the items.
[Answer: There are 7 people and the total cost of the items is 53 coins.]
Problem 18, although not formulated as a "guessing problem" is solved in that manner:-
There are two piles, one containing 9 gold coins and the other 11 silver coins. The two piles of coins weigh the same. One coin is taken from each pile and put into the other. It is now found that the pile of mainly gold coins weighs 13 units less than the pile of mainly silver coins. Find the weight of a silver coin and of a gold coin.
Chapter 8: Calculation by Square Tables.
Here 18 problems which reduce to solving systems of simultaneous linear equations are given. However the method given is basically that of solving the system using the augmented matrix of coefficients. The problems involve up to six equations in six unknowns and the only difference with the modern method is that the coefficients are placed in columns rather than rows. The matrix is then reduced to triangular form, using elementary column operations as is done today in the method of Gaussian elimination, and the answer interpreted for the original problem. Negative numbers are used in the matrix and the chapter includes rules to compute with them.

Chapter 9: Right angled triangles.
In this final chapter there are 24 problems which are all based on right angled triangles. The first 13 problems are solved using an application of Pythagoras's theorem, which the Chinese knew as the Gougu rule. Two problems study what are now called Pythagorean triples, while the remainder use the theory of similar triangles. Here is an example of one using similar triangles; it is Problem 20:-

There is a square town of unknown dimensions. There is a gate in the middle of each side. Twenty paces outside the North Gate is a tree. If one leaves the town by the South Gate, walks 14 paces due south, then walks due west for 1775 paces, the tree will just come into view. What are the dimensions of the town.

In the diagram the North Gate is N, the South Gate is S, and the tree is A. Walking south from S 14 paces reaches B, turn west and walk 1775 paces to C. From C the tree at A is just visible so the line CA passes through the corner D of the square.

Now triangles AND and ABC are similar so

20/(x/2) = (20 + x + 14)/1775.

Then x2 + x(20 + 14) = 2 (20×1775), or

x2 + 34x = 71000.
[Answer: The side of the town is 250 paces]

Quadratic equations are considered for the first time in Chapter 9, are solved by an analogue of division using ideas from geometry, in fact from the Chinese square-root algorithm, rather than from algebra.

Having looked at the content of the work, let us think next about its date. Liu Hui wrote a commentary on the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art in 263 AD. He believed that the text which he was commentating on was originally written around 1000 BC but incorporated much material from later eras. He wrote in the Preface:-

In the past, the tyrant Qin burnt written documents, which led to the destruction of classical knowledge. Later, Zhang Cang, Marquis of Peiping and Geng Shouchang, Vice-President of the Ministry of Agriculture, both became famous through their talent for calculation. Because of the ancient texts had deteriorated, Zhang Cang and his team produced a new version removing the poor parts and filling in the missing parts. Thus, they revised some parts with the result that these were different from the old parts ...
Let us give some dates for the events Liu Hui describes. The Qin dynasty preceded the Han dynasty and it was the Qin ruler Shih Huang Ti who tried to reform education by destroying all earlier learning. He ordered all books to be burnt in 213 BC and Zhang Cang, who Liu Hui refers to, did his reconstruction around 170 BC. Most historians, however, would not believe that the original text of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art was nearly as old as Liu Hui believed. In fact most historians think that the text originated around 200 BC after the burning of the books by Shih Huang Ti. Others give dates between 100 BC and 50 AD.

What methods are used to try to date the material? Perhaps the most important is to examine the units of length, volume and weight which appear in the various problems. Standard decimal units of length were established in China around 200 BC and later further subdivisions occurred. That the basic units are used, but not the later subdivisions, leads to a date of shortly after 200 BC. In Liu Hui's commentary subdivisions introduced around 250 AD are used, which is in line with this commentary being written in 263 AD.

Of course, the dating using units of length is not conclusive. Consider the fact that Britain changed to a decimal currency in 1970. If you pick up a book with mathematics problems given in decimal currency then we could argue as above and say that the book was written after 1970. However new editions of popular textbooks were brought out when the currency changed, so many older books appeared in decimal editions. The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art was certainly an important text, so may have had its units of length brought up to date as it evolved.

Is there other evidence for dating parts of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art other than units of measurement? Yes, there are. Problems contain references to taxes, methods of distributing goods, towns, and parks which all point to slightly different dates for different parts of the text but 206 BC to 50 AD covering these different dates.

In addition to Liu Hui's commentary of 263, there was another important later commentary, namely that of Li Chunfeng whose commentary was written around 640 when he headed a team asked to annotate The Ten Classics. Li Chunfeng corrected and clarified some of Liu Hui's comments, expanding on much of what had been pretty concisely written.

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art [4]:-

... has dominated the history of Chinese mathematics. It served as a textbook not only in China but also in neighbouring countries and regions until western science was introduced from the Far East around 1600 AD.
Now although European science does not appear to have reached China in sixteenth century, it has been pointed out that a number of mathematical formulas and rules which were widely used in Europe during that century are essentially identical to formulas written down in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. This leads to an interesting question which historians have as yet no convincing answer, namely were the European formulas taken directly from those of China.

References (32 books/articles)

Other Web sites:
Simon Fraser University

Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson

History Topics Index
Chinese Mathematics
Main index Biographies Index

JOC/EFR December 2003

The URL of this page is:


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Giant Bomb

News Flashing: Site News and Programming Notes

It's been a rough couple weeks behind the scenes at Since the last episode of the Heads Up podcast, I've been working really hard on a few different projects that have not turned out as well as I had hoped. This is how it goes with design.

One thing I have been able to accomplish, however, is the transfer of the archives into 1-Up's site. I'm still finding and fixing bugs as I go along, but we're moving forward. At this stage of the game, - for all intents and purposes - could be considered defunct. This is how it goes with the internet.

In the future, the plans for will include a number of things including increased content both here and with our sister sites and, more consistent podcast presentations on The 1-Up Club Podcast Network, more polished page designs, updated links and continued improvements on the site in general.

One thing I've also done in the past few weeks is secure our spot at The Trending Topics Network for at least another year. The TTNet - for those who don't know - is a podcast network that features a lot of professional wrestling, pop culture talk and a whole lot more. Toons has been there since the beginning and while things continue to grow and change - including the transformation to - we're happy to remain with the network we helped start.

In that vein, a new episode of 1-Up Heads Up will be recorded tomorrow (Friday, April 15) with the latest news from the video game industry. Also, this weekend, Ryan Hamner of, myself, and anybody else who cares to join us will be streaming some PS4 party content this weekend.

Thanks a lot for your patience and support and we look forward to talking to you soon!

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February 2014 Michigan Bar Results

February 2014 Michigan Bar Results

by / Thursday, 27 February 2014 / Published in Goodwin & Scieszka, Tips

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4 Colorado Hot Springs You Must Try

Hot Springs Colorado

Best Hot Springs in Colorado

More than just the great ski slopes of the Rockies, Colorado is also home to some great hot springs. In fact, some of these hot springs were already popular with Native American tribes even before the arrival of the first European settlers. And with the high altitude weather in the region, it is no wonder why soaking on hot springs has become a favorite.

To get you started, here are the best hot springs in Colorado.

Indian Hot Springs

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Recognizes as one of top mineral hot springs in the world, you will surely have a relaxing time here. You can choose to enjoy their spa services or just soak yourself in their hot springs. You get different choices too. There is the Geo-thermal cave baths, which are baths inside caves filled with naturally hot mineral water. There is also a big hot mineral water pool for a more outdoor type of relaxing. Other options include Club Mud and outdoor Jacuzzis.

Idaho Springs, CO 303.989.6666

Glenwood Hot Springs

glenwood hot springs
Relax in the biggest natural hot spring pool in the world. Yup, not only in Colorado, not only in US but the whole world. You can swim laps, enjoy the slide, or simply dive in the massive 405ft by 100 ft pool. If you are not in the mood for giant hot springs, there is also a smaller, but hotter, therapeutic pool for you to relax in. The resort also lets you enjoy world class facilities while giving you a beautiful view of the Rockies.

415 East 6th Street Glenwood Springs, CO 800.537.7946

Strawberry Park Hot Springs

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The terrain going here might be tricky, especially during winter. But once you get here, it is definitely hard to leave. The resort is relaxing in its own simplicity. The resort features a large hot spring pool with sandy bottom for your tired feet. There is little light during the night but this adds to the beauty of the resort. Besides, a lot of guests here prefer to go in without clothes at night and more light would just ruin the experience.

44200 County Road Steamboat Springs, CO 970.879.0342

The Springs Resort and Spa

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Located at Pagosa Springs, they have multiple pools with varying degrees of temperatures. In fact, we recommend the cooler pools first before dipping in their Lobster Pot pool, which could go as hot as 109o Farenheit.

165 Hot Springs Blvd. Pagosa Springs, CO 800.225.0934

These are only some of the more popular hot springs in Colorado. Where do you and your families and friends go for some relaxing hot spring time? or staycation

Just want to change the point of view to effect the culture. "Before a man can breathe his heart must beat"


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Neon Nightlife Men’s Light Up Angry Man Mask

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Final Line of Defense (1003.42 KB) submitted Sep 7 2012 played times Action, Defend, Defense, Fighting, Flash, Guns, Killing, Purchase Equipment Upgrades, Shoot 'Em Up, Shooting, Tank
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Naina Bhonsle to claim Rimjhim!

posted by Anuja Gondhalekar, last updated on August 29th, 2013 at 6:14 pm

The mystery surrounding Vasu’s true identity in Na Bole Tum-2 is deepening by the day. Where did Vasu actually come from, and how he ended up with Aai- these questions are haunting both Megha and Vasu. Now their hopes are pinned on tracking down Naina Bhonsle, who can throw light on Vasu’s Marathi letter, and also reveal why she abandoned Rimjhim when she was a baby.

After a lot of searching, Naina Bhonsle is finally set to reveal herself to Megha. Yes, Megha will finally meet Rimjhim’s real mother, and look for all the answers that she has been looking for. The first among them will be about Vasu, and the contents of the letter he wrote her 10 years ago. Naina will definitely unravel some of the mystery surrounding Aai’s game plan about Vasu.

But the biggest blow to Megha will come when Naina lays claim on Rimjhim, who she had left at the orphanage when she was just a baby. Megha brought Rimjhim to Mumbai to meet her birth parents, but she will be shocked when Naina insists that she has a right over Rimjhim as she has given birth to her.

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LV Switchgear: MaxSG

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Handmade Rugs 12 Sweet

Handmade Rugs

No furnishing or decor can match the worth, functionality, toughness, and beauty that good handmade rugs give their proprietors. In terms of handmade rugs, there are a number of benefits on the more common forms of machine rugs.

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30 Pocket Talking Wall Hanger

AbleData does not produce, distribute or sell any of the products listed on this website, but we provide you with information on how to contact manufacturers or distributors of these products. If you are interested in purchasing a product, you can find companies who sell it below.

The Talking Wall Hanger is a multi-functional learning tool designed for use by individuals with children and adults with speech delays, deficits in the areas of visual impairment and visual recognition. It has 30 pockets in which to place photos, cards, objects or drawings. It allows a 10 second message to be recorded related to the picture or object in the pocket. There are 6 different channels to record common phrases to assist the users throughout the day. The recordings are made by pressing the green button by the pocket and recording into the black box at the top. A simple switch; moving from record to play; will then enable you to play back the message by pressing the green button again. You can record over and over as many times as you like. Each of the 30 pockets has a 10 second recording capability. This is a useful resource for inserting instructions, memory prompts or sequencing pictures to aid adults living with dementia. Also ideal for children with Autism to use as a visual timetable to organize their day. Other ideas for use; Math sums, Identifying Shapes, Alphabet, Storyboards, Visual Timetable, Subject Quizzes, Timelines, Emotions Chart, Class Rules, Star of the Week, Nursery Rhymes, Musical Instruments, and naming Famous People.

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Negro Motorist Green Book, 1947 Facsimile Edition

In the segregated US of the mid-twentieth century, African-American travelers could have a hard time finding towns where they were legally allowed to stay at night and hotels, restaurants, and service stations willing to serve them. In 1936, Victor Hugo Green published the first annual volume of The Negro Motorist Green Book. This facsimile of the 1947 edition brings you the listings and advertisements aimed at the Black travelers trying to find their way across a country where they were so rarely welcome – plus sections on “Negro Schools & Colleges” and “Negro Newspapers”, some notes on “Green Book traveling”, and a guide to GM and Ford cars of the day (with photos!)

List Price: $8.99
5″ x 6.75″
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ISBN-13: 978-1936404742
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BISAC: History / United States / 20th Century

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7 Nights Eastern Caribbean Cruise on Celebrity Summit

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Organize Your Finances in 5 Easy Steps

“Those people blessed with the most talent don’t necessarily outperform everyone else. It’s the people with follow-through who excel.”
-Mary Kay Ash

When I asked my networking group colleagues to share their biggest organizing challenge privately with me, an incredible 80% of them said that time organization was their biggest challenge. When I probed further, I learned that their time organization problems generally fell into one of three areas:

  1. finding the time to do what they wanted to do,
  2. taking the time to follow-up, and
  3. dealing with distractions.

Last week’s post talked about how to find the time to do what you want to do. This week, let’s talk about the second area-followingup.
Do any of these scenarios sound familiar?

  • You go shopping, but leave your purchases in your car when you get home.
  • You wash your clothes, but leave them piled in wrinkled heaps in the laundry basket.
  • You receive a form in the mail that you need to fill out, and you leave it on your desk to complete “later.”
  • You attend a meeting at which you receive some tasks to be done. After the meeting, you immediately head out to your next activity without making a plan for when you’ll actually do those tasks.
  • Someone expresses interest in buying your product or service. You find their business card in your pocket several weeks later, but can’t remember why you have it.

Most of us are guilty of not following-up from time to time. Sometimes there are no consequences. But sometimes we do reap the consequences of our inaction ̶ spoiled food, the need to iron your clothes, missed deadlines, letting other people down, and loss of potential income ̶ in the above examples.

3 Steps you can take to improve your follow-up skills

  1. Slow Down! Build some transition time into your daily schedule. Give yourself a short break in between activities. Use that break to do tasks that can be completed quickly (such as bringing in the groceries), to schedule a time to complete bigger tasks (such as calling the potential customer), or to capture them in your master to-do list to be done later (such as filling out the form).
  2. Create “Pending Pens” for things needing action. Designate a folder or tray for papers that need your future attention, and a bin or bag for other items that need to be repaired, donated, or returned to their owner. Create an appointment with yourself to follow-up and process the items in the pending pens at a particular time every week.
  3. Delegate when you can. Following-up doesn’t always mean you have to be the one to do the job. Is there someone else in your household or workplace who could do it just as well, or even better than you could? If so, why not enlist their help?

What are your secrets for following up? Please share them! Join the discussion by review button below.
Next week, we’ll finish this series on time organization with a discussion of the challenge of dealing with distractions.
-Katherine Trezise
Certified Professional Organizer
Certified Professional Organizer in Chronic Disorganization
President, Absolutely Organized, LLC (located in Baltimore and Atlanta)
Past President, Institute for Challenging Disorganization


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Cuuura Fashion App

Have you heard of the fashion App Cuuura? If not you should! I love this app.  Every fashion blogger and shopping addict needs its. Cuuura is a meeting place for the fashion obsessed. The app allows you to share your style through pictures, and by using the polling system you can get and give feedback on your #OOTD and different outfit choices you are exploring. The best part is that it has a digital wardrobe feature so you can keep track of what is already in you closet. This app helps you to shop smarter by not spending money on multiples that you forget you have. Cuuura is a social platform where you can connect with friends and other fashionistas to see what they are wearing and what is in their wardrobe. This app also gives you the latest fashion news from around the world. Check out the app here and download it here. Follow me on Cuuura @AbsolutelyAlli and vote on my latest poll. Also leave you handle below in the comments so I can follow you. Enjoy!