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Are you Extroverted or Introverted?

Updated on March 22, 2012

How do you rate yourself- introvert or extrovert?

Most probably your personality lies somewhere in between these two extremes, for such 'pure' types are comparatively rare.

True extroverts tend to live lives that relate mainly to other people and worldly events. Impulsive and uninhibited, they may seek power, praise and wealth, but are usually emotionally shallow. Quickly aroused to anger but just as easily calmed, this 'butterfly' personality tends to find his profession in the world of businessmen, power politicians, diplomats, actors and film-stars.

The true introvert, however, is usually a solitary individual, concerned primarily with his own thoughts, feelings and experiences.

Inhibited and unsociable in personality, but rational in outlook, he is guided by strongly held principles and moral standards, and is often rigid and inflexible in the pursuit of his goals and beliefs. His greatest strength usually lies in an intellectual sphere, where he is remarkably sensitive and persistent. As with the extrovert, there are certain professions which seem to suit him best and the world of artists, poets, academics and writers abounds with introverted personalities.

Where these characteristics are particularly marked, it is unfortunately quite common for the two types to misunderstand each other completely. The introvert tends to exaggerate the extrovert's weaknesses and sees him as over-confident, lacking in moral sense and just out to make a good impression; while to the extrovert, the introverted personality may seem an ineffectual, withdrawn individual, who is both weak and over-polite.

Similarly, difficulties may also arise where extroverted and introverted children are part of the same family. extroverted children, who are often particularly popular with parents and teachers, may completely overshadow a shy brother or sister and cause him or her to become even more withdrawn, when with encouragement the introverted child could be helped to develop less obvious facets of the personality.

The terms 'introversion' and 'extroversion' (or 'extroversion') have been in use in Europe for several hundreds of years and are derived from Latin compounds: verto, meaning 'I turn'; intra, meaning 'inwards' and extra meaning 'outwards'.

An introvert is literally someone who is turned inwards towards himself. An extrovert, on the other hand, is turned outwards, to the world around him.

Although these terms have a long history, it is only recently that their importance in psychology has been recognized.

Their present popularity in ordinary conversation, in which they rival only Freud's Oedipus complex, is largely due to the work of one man, the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung.

In 1921, Jung published his now famous book, Psychological Types, in which he outlined a theoretical classification of human beings in terms of their personality. The basis of this classification was the notion of introverted and extroverted types.

But a type is like a pigeon-hole into which each of us has to be fitted exactly.

More often than not, it is impossible to fit people into such categories. We can all think of friends who are both sociable and sensitive, impulsive and introspective, and who thus combine both introvert and extrovert features. It is therefore not possible to refer to them as either 'introverts' or 'extroverts'.

Jung tried to find a way round this difficulty by creating a number of subtypes.

Distinguishing between what he called Man's rational processes of 'thinking' and 'feeling', and his irrational processes of 'sensation' and 'intuition', he described an extroverted and introverted type for each of these four categories, thus creating eight sub-types out of the two basic divisions of introvert and extrovert: the extroverted thinking type, the introverted thinking type, the extroverted feeling type, the introverted feeling type and so on. He was attempting to show that the same man could be extroverted in one process while introverted in another, and that, in addition to this, the man who is obviously extroverted may at the same time be unconsciously introverted.

However, it is also possible for each of Jung's groupings to show a combination of extrovert and introvert features . Other psychologists have therefore tried to find a solution to the problem by dropping the rigid concept of 'type', and putting in its place the idea of a 'scale' or 'dimension'.

A scale or dimension is a continuous line which runs from one extreme to another. In this case, it would run from the extrovert at one extreme to the introvert at the other, and each individual would be marked off at the point on the scale that corresponds to the balance of extrovert and introvert characteristics within his personality.

In this way, it is possible to account for the pure types, at the extremes, and the mixed types, along the dimension.

If we consider Jung's descriptions of introvert and extrovert not as types but rather as the extremes of a dimension, then a more realistic and flexible classification of personality emerges.

Even before Jung had published his theories, the transition from 'type' to 'dimension' had already been made. In 1901, Wilhelm Wundt, a German psychologist, described two dimensions which cut across the four basic types of personality- sanguine, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic. These terms have a long history, originating in Ancient Greece, where it was believed that different personalities arose as the result of a variation in the distribution of fluids in the body, known as 'humours'. Modern biochemical and physiological knowledge, however, has shown that this is not so. But Wundt expounded his theory of personality further.

He believed that there are two dimensions which underlie these four types, and that these entirely explain an individual's personality.

One dimension, he said, consists of the strength of one's emotions; the other, their speed of change.

During this period, psychiatrists such as Pierre Janet and Ernst Kreschmer were also producing speculative theories of personality, most of which contained a dimension of extroversion and introversion.

The great similarity between the theories reflects the now widely held belief that Man's personality is made up of a few important dimensions and that extroversion/introversion is just one of these dimensions.

But Jung, Wundt and other psychiatrists and psychologists of the early twentieth century were really no more than armchair philosophers and their theories are based entirely on their own unsystematic observations. Although they share the belief that personality can be understood in terms of a few dimensions, they provide no actual evidence that t his is so. Psychology, like any other science, depends on systematic and painstakingly detailed study of individuals. The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe spent many years simply observing and recording the movements of individual stars. From this mass of observation, his disciple Kepler was able to formulate the laws that govern the movement of planetary bodies. Similarly, in the study of personality it is necessary first of all to study the make-up of individual personalities before we can discover what is common to man in general.

Scientific research into extroversion and introversion has advanced by means of the personality test or questionnaire. There are many different forms of test, ranging from the interpretative Rorschach ink-blot to more up-to-date, mathematically-sound tests. Results in one test must be related to results in others and highly complex mathematical techniques are used to perform the necessary detailed calculations.

These are then programmed on computers so that the calculations can be made at great speed. The most widely used method is known as factor analysis, and it is as a result of the application of this particular technique that evidence has been put forward which confirms the earlier theories of extroversion and introversion.

Extensive research has also resulted in a theory of personality put forward by the British psychologist Professor Eysenck and his colleagues, with extroversion and introversion as one of its main tenets. They have constructed a number of tests which are designed to plot the individual's position along two dimensions of neuroticism and introversion/extroversion.

The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and its more up-to-date version, the Psychoticism, extroversion and Neuroticism Inventory (PEN) are questionnaires with questions of the YES/NO type. Answers reflect certain personality traits . For example, if the question 'Do you feel more at home in a crowd than by yourself? ' receives the answer YES, then t his would indicate sociability, which itself is a characteristic part of an extroverted personality. By giving this questionnaire to a large number of people, it is possible to find out the average extroversion or neuroticism score for different groups.

Professor Eysenck has also carried out extensive research into both normal and abnormal populations, and as a result of scores on his questionnaires, he has been able to obtain a great deal of interesting and useful information. One of his most striking findings so far has been the high level of extroversion to be found among criminal populations.

Similar studies by other psychologists have also produced interesting results.

One test on first year students at the University of Minnesota showed that those who had been involved in traffic offenses obtained a higher score on the dimension of extroversion and neuroticism than other students; and another study at a London hospital showed that unmarried mothers also scored more highly along the same dimension than married mothers.

But how do such propensities arise?

Are extroversion and introversion inherited dispositions or learned forms of behavior?

It has been observed that, following a frontal leucotomy operation, in which part of the frontal lobe of the brain is removed, some patients show a subtle personality change. becoming more impulsive and more liable to emotional change in other words, more extroverted. Similar results have been found in experimental operations on monkeys and higher primates, and would indicate that there may indeed be an organic basis for personality.

There does seem to be some evidence for a hereditary basis to extroversion and introversion. But this is not to say that we cannot change our personalities. Many of our extroverted or introverted features may have been acquired by learning, and it is possible to change our behavior deliberately in the direction of either extroversion or introversion, should it be in our interests to do so. An inherited predisposition to extroversion merely means that in the blend of extrovert and introvert features that make up any particular personality, there will be a continual tendency for extrovert features to predominate. The introverted or extrovert type is therefore usually someone in whom introvert or extrovert traits are particularly dominant, and not someone who is completely of one type or another.

Research has confirmed what Jung originally believed - that we are all made up of a combination of introvert and extrovert characteristics, and that we are all at some point on that 'dimension'.

Further such scientific investigations into personality structure should help towards a greater understanding of the complexities of human behavior.

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      alocsin 5 years ago from Orange County, CA

      Interesting analysis. I think I'm an introvert with some shades of extroversion. Voting this Up and Interesting.

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August Smart Wrist Band Activity Tracker: A Review

Updated on February 23, 2017

August Smart Wrist Band 100 is a Fitness tracker recommended for those who want to observe a healthy life style. This will help you monitor how much calories you have burnt, number of steps taken, how much distance have you walked, your hours of sleep, and SMS, email and calendar notifications. This fitness tracker even alarms you if your phone which is paired with it is already out of range.

For ease of use, it is designed as a wristband so you can wear it easily and bring it anywhere you want to go. The design is appropriate to wear with almost all clothes that you love to wear. It is also comfortable to wear and is slim making it very light to carry.

The downside about this item is that you cannot swim with it because it is not waterproof. Do not pout because you can still do other fitness activities with this very smart bracelet which is guaranteed to help you achieve your fitness goals and turn your dream into reality.

Wear your tracker in a very light and comfortable smart bracelet.
Wear your tracker in a very light and comfortable smart bracelet.

How to Get the Most Out of August Fitness Tracker

Connect your phone to your wristband and monitor your daily activities. Monitor how many hours have you slept with a very easy setup. It helps you determine if you have had enough sleep or not. Remember that sleeping too much is not a good thing because it does not help you lose calories. Less sleep or too much sleep may contributory to weight gain according to studies. Not getting enough sleep will also make you feel weak and irritable throughout the day.

The alarm notifies you with its gentle vibration if you have received new messages from your phone, emails and social media accounts. If you are one of the most organized persons in this world, you will surely love this feature which even allows you to be reminded of your daily, weekly and monthly reminders.

Get more organized and do not miss important meetings, events and medical check-ups with this comfy fitness tracker from August.

Tracking your activities wisely is one secret to achieving your health goals.
Tracking your activities wisely is one secret to achieving your health goals.

Do NOT Let Loose of Your Phone

Lastly, it has an Anti-loss Alarm which will prevent you from losing your phone. While your phone is connected to your wristband, it will warn you if it is already out of Bluetooth range. Forgetful like me? Worry no more because this tiny little thing will let you know if your phone is already elsewhere and not in your bag or pocket.

Not all positive things come with this gadget anyway. Consider its very small appearance with a lot of function to do, you should expect that the battery will not stand long and that it will take a period of time to recharge it. It is also not compatible with all brands of Android phones so better check out with the manufacturer first before doing your first step in buying it.

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How Do You Solve A Problem Like Getting An Armenian Present For Someone?

Updated on September 21, 2012

Presents That Are All About Armenia

Creative Commons Licence  Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Creative Commons Licence Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0) | Source

Did I just sum up my whole thesis right there in the title? I believe I did! Go me!

Well, it's a legitimate question. (If that's the problem you're currently experiencing, anyhow. If you're not, then, uh, why are you here? No, stay here! I have things to talk to you about, relating to Armenia!)

So say you had to buy a present that was related in some way to all things Armenian, clear and obvious or mildly obscure, as you wish, and you had, oh, I'll give you eighteen minutes to think about it. (I said, quite randomly.) You know, this is harder than you would at first assume. Armenia, it's in Europe, right? (Oh God, I quite clearly know less than nothing about Armenia! Are you feeling it too?) Eastern Europe? Are we going with Eastern Europe? Oh, Eurasia, you say? Oops! My bad! (And if I'm honest I did at first think it was one of those old countries that just disappeared a few decades back when boundary lines were redrawn with all the old hassle and hoo-hah of the Iron Curtain. (Yes, that is how I choose to characterise political mayhem and the rise and fall of regimes. Deal with it.)

But is your knowledge and experience regarding the country really totally negligible? If that's really the case, then any present-buying creativity is probably out of the question. Go for the old reliable favourites! You know a travel-guide will more than likely be acceptable (or maybe a little borderline – boring! Predictable!) Or if not a travel guide – then how about a map. No, I'm not talking about a regular current map usable for getting from Point A to Destination B. I'm with the program, in the twenty-first century, and I have heard of GPS! I mean a beautiful old vintage map, an artwork that someone can frame and hang up on their wall, obviously!

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guest legend of the mighty sir fonzie

Updated on March 6, 2012

I've also got another one about Lady Pinky Tuscadero...

Once upon a time, in a far away land called “Milwaukee,” there lived a brave knight named Sir Arthur of the Fonzerelli. Verily, this knight had captured many a maiden’s heart and was known for his bravery. He had uncanny powers, and could make the local idiot play his accordion merely by hitting him upside the head.

It was a dark day indeed when the sorcerer Mork appeared in the little village. Mork was from a far away land as well, but even further out than Milwaukee, a planet called “Ork.” It is legend that the Orcs in "Lord of the Rings" beith named for this planet, known not only for these creatures, which really freakith me out in those movies, but also for its spastic comedians that were never really funny and continue to not be funny at all but are richer than this story teller will ever be.

But I digressith.

On this day, Sir Fonzie, in his dragon-skin jacket, met with the magician Mork, and a mighty battle took place. It has been awhile since I’ve heard this tale, but I believe Mork wished to transport Sir Fonzie back to Ork because Sir Fonzie was so cool, or some such. I don’t think it made much sense, except I heard this tale whenst I was but a mere child, and didn’t really notice how stupid it all was.

So the battle raged, with Mork first gaining the upper hand, and then Sir Fonzie. Mork used his mighty finger to try to stop Sir Fonzie, while the brave knight relied only on his coolness and blasé attitude.

Verily the battle did last for days, until finally, with a mighty “Ayyyyyyy!” and a swift upturn of his thumb, Sir Fonzie defeated Mork, and the day was won. Mork swiftly made his way back to Ork, and with head bowed down in shame faced his leader, the evil Lord Orson, who banished him to a place called “Colorado” to live with a maiden named “Mindy.”

As for Sir Fonzie, he lived a long and happy life, appearing later in the theatre, in productions such as “Scream,” in which he died a horrible death at the hands of a masked stranger.

But that is a story for another day.

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What Is Feng Shui Anyway?

Updated on July 5, 2011
Chinese Feng Shui influence photo: StePagna @flickr
Chinese Feng Shui influence photo: StePagna @flickr

What Is Feng Shui?

So, what is Feng Shui exactly? It is both an ancient art and science practiced by the Chinese that is similar to yin and yang.

Yin is feminine, soothing energy. Yang is masculine, active energy. The belief is that everything on earth possesses energy that affects everything else around it.

Is Feng Shui a Religion? A Little Feng Shui Background

The short answer is no. Feng shui design is more of a philosophy. It does have roots in Taosim, which is a philosophy that all energy is connected.

Feng shui came about thousands of years ago to find the best locations to plant crops. The literal translation is "wind water". Later, the knowledge was used to decide the best places to build houses and even to bury the dead.

Feng shui was kept a secret for only the rich and powerful for thousands of years. The magnetic compass was actually first developed to use for feng shui purposes.

What Is Feng Shui Chi Energy?

The Chinese believe in this powerful energy that flows everywhere, called chi. It is also called Qi. Chi energy is a positive influence in every area of one's life, according to feng shui- wealth, health, love, luck, and more.

If chi energy pathways become blocked or unbalanced, it can have negative impact on a person's life. If chi energy flows freely unencumbered throughout a space, it can provide good health, wealth, prestige, good luck, romance, and more. If chi energy, or qi, is too strong in an area, it can cause restlessness, turmoil, and turbulence in all areas of our lives. Blocked qi can result in lethargy, depression, and lacking any creativity or motivation.

Feng shui elements Photo: Anna Hape Gallery @flickr
Feng shui elements Photo: Anna Hape Gallery @flickr

Feng Shui Elements

Feng shui also considers five natural elements- earth, fire, metal, water, and wood, when deciding how to initiate feng shui practices in an area. These elements are represented by colors and specific objects or materials. Compass directions are also used for designing a Feng shui home or office.

What Is Feng Shui Defined - How Does Feng Shui Work?

Feng shui is the art of enhancing positive chi energy with the placement of objects and often the removal of objects. According to feng shui Chinese belief, placement affects most areas of life. From the actual location of a feng shui house or building, to where the front entry faces, to the interior layout, and all the way down to the tiniest decorative objects on a nightstand all affect chi energy, and therefore, life itself.

Photo: kipbot @flickr
Photo: kipbot @flickr

Feng Shui in Business

Feng shui has caught on around the world. Casinos are hiring feng shui experts to help them to best design their casinos for the most profit. The United Nations employed feng shui practices. The Big Brother reality television show used feng shui decorating to design the space that the players occupied.

Many other businesses are consulting with feng shui decorators to help enhance their bottom line by attracting more customers, bigger sales, and reducing theft and employee problems. Executives want a feng shui office. Homeowners also hire fengshui decorating and design consultants to improve their home environment.

What Is Feng Shui? Comments

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    • Hello, hello, profile image

      Hello, hello, 7 years ago from London, UK

      Thank you for a very informative and interesting hub.

    • Mrs. J. B. profile image

      Mrs. J. B. 6 years ago from Southern California

      Amazing. I thought you explained everything beautifully. I intend to learn more. Thanks

    • Fengshoot profile image

      Fengshoot 5 years ago

      Thank you for the tips, I love feng shui when it comes to decorate your home, I don't know if its work or not, It just increasing my believe that positive energy might comes in, and I think it Did.

      If you need an information about how to decorate your living room in feng shui way visit my blog

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Keeping quiet!

Updated on July 18, 2014

How to quieten the mind?

How many of us can keep quiet at least for a few minutes? Observe your thoughts and see how the thoughts arise one by one? Naturally, every one is agitated when thoughts arise without any respite. Only a very few can divert these thought pattern. Sometimes, thoughts are so confusing, we become dejected and depressed. If you force the mind to keep quiet, it will rise with more force! Thoughts are like ether. None can contain it or control it. They arise due to food and environment. Hence the ancient sages used to consume only fruits, fibres,green leaves and vegetables and a little butter milk. They also eat nuts and grains which gives strength and sustenance. Their mind will be calm and they can concentrate on god without much effort.

Look at the householders. They consume all and sundry. They never differentiate. There are certain orthodox sects in India who never consume onion or garlic. They avoid even cabbage, cauliflower etc. When you ask them, they will give the reason that onion, garlic, cabbage , cauliflower and even radish are like non-vegetarian food which will induce baser qualities as well as animal qualities. But we can not adopt such strict orthodox ways. However these foods have subtle effects on our thought pattern. Though the above items are good in medical view, they are not conducive for spiritual practices. Psychiatrists, philosophers and psychologists are always trying to find the origin and nature of thoughts but none is successful. Even ancient philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and the like have written extensively on the subject. We can prove physical entities but how can we substantiate on abstract things like thoughts and mind.

Sri Sathya Saibaba has clarified on this so that even a lay man can understand. He has said that the mind is like a piece of cloth woven from threads. The threads are the thoughts. When they are woven as warp and woof, we get a cloth. When we remove each thread and when all the threads are removed, there won't be any cloth at all. Likewise, the mind is a web formed by thoughts. Remove those thoughts skill fully. Then there won't be any mind to recognize. We have seen how the mother feed a child. The child will be running halter skelter. The mother too runs behind the child to feed it. So long as the mother is following it, the child will run here and there without any fear or faltering. The moment, mother stops pursuing the child, the child will get panicky and run towards the mother. You have to deal with your mind thus wise. Do not run behind the thoughts. Remain indifferent to the thoughts them self. Do not react or judge those thoughts. Simply observe them. The moment, you stop pursuing the thoughts and remain where you are, thoughts starts to slow down. This is the secret of the mind. When you continuously start practising the 'witness state', thoughts will subside on its own and there will be a time, when you enjoy a thoughtless state which is pure bliss!

I will clarify this point further. There is a pellucid lake amid the forest. Since there is no wind due to thick growth, the lake's surface will be still. You will be able to notice the things clearly even if they are in the depth. Throw a small pebble on the surface. It will cause ripples and the small pebble has created disturbance in the lake's surface. In the stillness of our conscious, even a single thought will create ripple. It may be good or bad thought. Nevertheless, they cause ripples. Hence those who intend to quieten their mind, should become a 'mute witness' to the thought pattern. Of course, in the initial stages, it is a bit difficult but when you start practising the witness state, you will gain confidence. When you are established in the witness state, no thought will disturb you since the thoughts will subside!

In deep sleep state, every body enjoys tranquillity. This is the experience of all people! Why? In deep sleep, the mind merges in the self and hence there is bliss. In dream state, the mind is active and hence we undergo all problems as in the waking state. Hence contemplate deeply on this and enjoy the bliss!

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      Sarika Jain 3 years ago from India

      Sai Ram! It is really very difficult to do that. Mind is a mad monkey. Swami has given 'Namasmarna' for this age as the easiest way to focus on one thought 'of God' from the many thoughts.

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      saisarannaga 3 years ago from Chennai in Tamilnadu, India.

      Yes, Namajapa is also one sure way to take the mind away from the problem that pester us. If it is done with love and faith, the results will be tremendous. Sairam.

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NAME NUMEROLOGY - First Name Ruling Number 1

Updated on May 31, 2011

Masculine, assertive, ambitious, successful, self, independent, leadership, originality, initiative, new beginnings, pioneer, organizer, instinct, love, intuition, courageous achiever, strength, creativity, self-reliance, tenacious, forceful, authoritive, inspirational, strong willpower, lenient, attainment, happiness, glory, fame, unique, omniscience, fulfillment.

A person with a 1 Name is the perfectionist, the leader, the initiator, the manager. These assertive, self-starters are inclined to be very original-thinking people, with a creative approach to problem-solving and initiating action. They are a conscientious, well-behaved, punctual and hard-working individual, who tends to be very detailed and meticulous. This can sometimes mean that others may have a hard task keeping up, especially if they are in charge.

A person with a 1 Name can be quite ambitious, determined, self-confident and self-reliant, with a strong unyielding will and the courage of their convictions.

Single-minded, intolerant, conceited, narrow-minded, stubborn, controlling, lacking in emotion, passive, follower, aggressive, dependent, weak-willed, arrogance, dominant.

Too much of the 1 personality can bring out the natural instinct to dominate and to be 'the Boss'. When over-emphasized you could become very hard to live with, especially when displaying a sense of heightened insensitivity and a self-centred approach to life. You may have the tendency to want to over-strive and take on exceeded responsibility with rules and routines that can be very restricting for both yourself and others to live up to.

The number 1 in your name signifies new beginnings, unity, the divine presence, thesis, opportunity, will and focused consciousness, ability to use personal resources.

The need of someone with 1 in their first name is to learn to stand on their own feet and develop independence.

1 being the number of 'new' is the number from which all manifestation begins. It is the energy that begins all actions and leads the way in new directions. New ideas, new projects and the desire for expansion all allow the person with number 1 in their first name to go forth with courage, originality and decisiveness.

Many opportunities are presented for the 1 energy, as they see a need to open up to the 'new' in all ways. This vibration is very independent and will do things their own way. A set routine or pattern is not comfortable for a person with the 1 vibration in their name, as they see new ways of accomplishing tasks, and needs the opportunity to analyze their system.

The 1 energy has many talents and this is expressed in many ways. If the 1 energy does not live up to the full potential of their leadership, they may become a timid and shy person because of their lack of self-confidence. They may also find that there will sometimes be a holding back of opinions and ideas because of this.

The 1 name energy appreciates relationships in both business and marriage, as they need the social contact of others. In relationships the person with the 1 vibration is a good companion, but needs the support of their partner. In marriage they are extremely loyal, but not particularly romantic. To the 1 energy, deeds rather than words show love. The love-filled creative flow of the 1 vibration, coupled with the need to help all humanity, allows for compassion and warmth, which softens the energy of the 1. 1 is a natural leader who needs love and affection in the domestic arena, as they see this as support.

The 1 vibration needs to be aware of others as they are sensitive, and have a keen perception and clear insights. At times, the 1 vibration's strong convictions can become a barrier in their relationships with others.

The 1 energy must learn that life does not unfold all at once, but rather, they must find their true being, and have patience until unfoldment.

Joanne Sacred Scribes

For more information about NUMEROLOGY and all the meanings, vibrations, energies and attributes of the NUMBERS, visit :

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    • Jewels profile image

      Jewels 6 years ago from Australia

      If you have 11 is that a double whammy on a 1? I can certainly see the 1 in me, both positive and negative.

    • PsychicJoanne profile image

      Joanne Sacred Scribes 6 years ago from Victoria, Australia

      Hi Jewels,

      11 can be seen as a 1 amplified and magnified - 'double whammy' as you put it ... but it can also be seen as 2, depending upon what resonates most with your own intuition and inner knowing of your true self.

      The number 11 is also known as a 'Master Number' ... which is a whole other kettle of fish.

      Find the 11 Name Number at:

      I hope I've been able to give you a little more insight (... or should that be confusion maybe ..?)

      Love and Light

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      Whikat 6 years ago

      Hi PsychicJoanne, I was just thinking that you may wish to include directions on how to figure out your first name ruling number on this hub. There maybe people who visit this hub first before visiting your other hubs, that may not know how to figure out their personal first name ruling number.

    • PsychicJoanne profile image

      Joanne Sacred Scribes 6 years ago from Victoria, Australia

      Hi Whikat,

      thanks for the suggestion.

      I had considered doing that, but was concerned that I would be duplicating over and over again ... so instead I placed the link to the 'How To Work Out Your Name Number' Hub below each name number posting.

      With a little time up my sleeve though, I may go back and place the 'instructions' on all the Hubs.

      Thanks again for your input Whikat.

    • profile image

      Ayeshaw 5 years ago

      My name is md ayesha nasareen.23-07-1978 is my date of birth.please tell my future.i have sheaver health problems.please correct my name

    • profile image

      Rimon tirkey 2 years ago

    • profile image

      nutipalli santosh kumar 2 years ago

      Plz tell me about my carrier .... I worried a lot abt my furture .. 4/5/88 is my date of birth

    Click to Rate This Article


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  • Computer Science & Programming

C Program for Bubble Sort or sorting using Arrays

Updated on December 21, 2012

Bubble Sorting is used in C programming to sort the numbers in increasing order . We just need to enter the required no. and this program will do rest of the work .

Following is the source code for Bubble Sorting program . You just need to copy it in your notepad and save it with the extension *.c or *.cpp . Then open the saved file with your compiler and run it .

int main()
int n, i, j, temp , a[100];
printf("Enter the total integers you want to enter (make it less than 100):\n");
printf("Enter the %d integer array elements:\n",n);
temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = temp;
printf("The sorted numbers are:");

You may also want to read : C program for insertion sorting in arrays

This program has been written by me for maximum of 100 integers to sort out . If you feel like you want to increase the numbers for sorting , you may change the value of a[100] to a[xyz] where xyz is any integer value .

Further more , you can change the program according to your needs . :) Enjoy Programming .

P.S - The screenshot is the proof of a working program .

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    • Davesworld profile image

      Davesworld 5 years ago from Cottage Grove, MN 55016

      Change you second "for" statement to:

      for(j=i;j "less than" n;j++) /* stupid comment box won't allow the inequality sign */

      You do not need to re-examine what you have already sorted.

    • techniche profile image

      techniche 5 years ago from Ambala, India

      Are you talking about this for loop ?? : for(j=0;j"less than"n-i-1;j++);

    • profile image

      ewane nelson 5 years ago

      i'll like to be like one of you someday. please teach me programming

    • profile image 4 years ago

      its helpful to me

    • profile image

      rahul 3 years ago

    Click to Rate This Article


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Volume 9, Number 3 (2016)

Editor’s Introduction

Jamie Gough and Raju Das

The Introduction to this special issue sets out our view of some key elements of Marxist geography. Society is a totality in which the differentiated parts are internally rather than externally related: discourse – material practice; society – nature; production – reproduction of people; class, gender and ‘race’; society – space; state- civil society. Capitalist production is rooted in the class relation of exploitation, marked by sectorally and spatially uneven development, surplus and differentiated profit rates, and subject to multiple crisis tendencies. Material and ideological reproduction is based in unpaid domestic and caring work and consumption of commodities, organized by gender and income. Capitalism rests on, internalizes and destroys in the earth’s ecology. Housing and its spatial forms are embedded in the contradictions of production and reproduction. The state does not overcome the conflicts and contradictions of civil society but rather expresses them in new forms. We use this approach to offer brief critiques of mainstream ‘critical geography’, including economic, social, political and cultural geographies and the institutionalist, Weberian and postmodern approaches used therein. We introduce the subjects of the papers, which include various aspects of the relations between capitalism and nature; class, gender and race in large scale production; small scale livelihood production; working class consumption; and housing of different income groups in large cities. Finally, we discuss how the theoretical themes of Marxist geography outlined above are used and developed in the papers.

Editors’ Introduction

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Opera Cake: Cinderella for the people!

Laurent Pelly knows how to make the festive shows fly — fun, witty, fast… and it is not surprising that his productions are celebrated at this time of the year.

The Lyon Opera reran this month his highly entertaining production of La Vie parisienne, and was once again met a great success with the crowd in Lyon (that show is available on DVD.)

I told you the other day that his terrific staging of Hänsel und Gretel from Glyndebourne is this week available for free viewing on The Guardian website.

Starting from today, and for the next few weeks, also his Cendrillon [by J. Massenet] can be seen for free on the website of La Monnaie/De Munt. This should be entertaining for children.

Alain Altinoglu, always strong in the French repertoire, conducts and the cast includes Rinat Shaham, Sophie Marilley, Eglise Gutierrez, Angélique Noldus, Nora Gubisch, Ilse Eerens, Lionel Lhote

You can read a review by the fellow blogger NPW who saw the second show at La Monnaie.

Opera Cake: Cinderella for the people!.

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Monday, 27 July 2009

Hey, I am still here!

And this is the sock that I am currently knitting on:
Regia Galaxy - and I am disappointed. I like the colours but I had hoped more from the pattern they make. I will wear them but not buy that yarn again. I made from a different colour a pair for my Sweetheart - they were a bit better. I know it depends of the stitches per round and how loose or tight you knit and I already have played with that a bit. The second one is nearly done, too and I will like them as they are warm and comfy. And differnet from "selfstriped".

1 comment:

  1. I like them, and they do make a nice change from self-striping!

Thanks for leaving your comment. I am always trying to respond to each of your comments. Check here for my answers if I am not able to reach you directly via e-mail.


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But why be a BA? – Josh White

I started out my career in IBM with not much of an idea of what I wanted to do, so it was ideal for me to get the opportunity to experience a few different roles.

As you know, as mentioned in my first blog post back in July, my first role in IBM was as a Change Manager. This meant I was able to help deploy the output of a project – which ranged from a piece of code to help fix a problem with an application to helping deploy an upgrade or a new application to the client. This role did not give me too much exposure to how projects ran and the different roles and people that were involved in the particular projects.

My role now is, as you may have guessed, a Business Analyst. This role has opened my eyes to a number of projects, roles and technologies (Cloud, Analytics, and Mobile).

I had a fairly soft landing into the Business Analyst role as my role before this was supporting the Lead BA on the account helping manage the team of BAs and taking ownership of the training, commercials and support with resourcing. Through this work I got to see what the BAs were working on and also pick up on a lot of skills that a good BA needed to have. This gave me a good starting point for when I moved into my new role as a BA.

As a Business Analyst on a project I get to work with everyone involved in the project to some degree. This has allowed me to see what other roles involve without doing those roles myself which has helped me with understanding a little more on what I want to focus on in my career.

I get to be involved in a project from start-up all the way through until Implementation and project close and see how that project develops along the way. It is a client facing role and client interaction is key in order for the project to be a success. I am relied heavily upon by the developers who are not in the UK and they look to me for guidance and answers based on my interactions with the client Project Sponsors. On one of my projects I am the only team member who is from IBM and so I have a big responsibility to make sure that I represent IBM in the best possible way and to potentially make sure that I and IBM are given future work in that area, particularly as I am in the spotlight from the client.

In my role as a Business Analyst I have worked with a number of experienced people both within IBM and also from the client as well as other partners on the account. I have worked with Solution Architects, Project Managers, Database Developers, Java Developers, Test Managers, App Support and also SMEs in various areas – basically everyone involved on the project team. I have also performed some of the Project Management and Test Management activities during my time on projects to help increase my experience in other role areas.

Working for so long on projects throughout the project lifecycle has given me a chance to learn a lot about the software/tools we are using to implement the project for the client. On one of my projects we built a KPI reporting tool on SAP Business Objects and so I learnt about the capabilities of the platform and how it worked which helped me when speaking to the client and also meant I was able to perform client demo’s (one of which I did with some Client Directors) and training comfortably.

Being a BA has really opened my eyes to what is involved and what other skills are needed in order to perform other project roles well. It also gives me the opportunity to work on projects in different areas such as Mobile and Analytics and work with a lot of different people. It will definitely stand me in good stead when moving onto my next role and it has given me a good grounding into project life.

If you would like to know more about my work as a BA and detail about projects I have worked on please feel free to contact me as it is a great role to have.

Happy reading, Josh

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Solange Spread in Honey Magazine

Solange Knowles takes the latest cover of Honey Mag. Here’s what the 23-year-old rebel (and younger sister of Beyonce) had to say:

On whose closet she’d love to raid: “Probably Björk. It would be a tie between her and Grace [Jones], but I think I’d have to go with Björk because over the years there have been so many different phases and extremes and color. I am a person who loves color and I think it’s the most beautiful backdrop for life.”

On five words to describe herself: “Water, blood, melanin, bones, and … vajajay.”

On five words that the public would use to describe her: “The general perception is that I am crazy, maybe? That I am attention-seeking. But I think everyone can say that I’m smart. At least I think I come across smart. I don’t really know (laughs) because I don’t really care.”

Check out Solange’s full interview at!

Read more:

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Skip to content

Blog to Watch: Under Dark

April 21, 2011

If you’re interested in Open Source GIS and especially QGIS, I highly suggest you give the blog “Under Dark” a read – the author seems to be very clued in the latest developments, and the blog is very active.

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If you’re a current cable internet customer, you’ll find the latest Spectrum information here.

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Internet access is what we do. We’ll get you online with the best solution for your home or business, and keep you there.

Our trained staff is on-hand to take your calls. We support all the products and services we provide, and can arrange support for almost any computer problem, large or small.

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Design and Optimization of a Lactate Amperometric Biosensor based on Lactate Oxidase and Multi Walled-Carbon Nanotubes

Lactate concentration in physiological fluids is an indicator of the energy production under anaerobic conditions of the whole organism [1]. Normal value for lactate level in blood ranges from 0.5 – 2.5 mM. Blood lactate values exceeding 7-8 mM are sometimes associated with a fatal outcome. The lactate level in blood is elevated under number of conditions. It is a major indicator of ischemic conditions, e.g. under the category of tissue hypoxia, the individual causes include shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic or endotoxic), respiratory failure (asphyxia) and severe congestive heart failure. Gauging blood lactate is also relevant for the results of exercise and athletic performance [2]. Several approaches were made to develop a number of improved methods for lactic acid determination, such ad optic techniques (HPLC, mass spectroscopy, ion exchange chromatography, etc.) and electrochemical techniques (potentiometric and voltammetric detections, FET-based sensors, etc.) [1]. The present study is focused on development of technologies for lactate detection based on amperometric measures employing lactate oxidase (LOD). The project’s aim is double: the development of biosensors which can be integrated in Petri dishes for monitoring cell cultures, on one hand, and which can be integrated in point-of-care devices for human monitoring in personalized therapies, on the other hand. In both the cases, analysis of more than one substrate at the same time will be considered. Nanotechnology may be used in the optimization of electrodes with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Previous studies showed that CNTs can highly improve the electrocatalytic activity in electrochemical devices for monitoring metabolites [3].

    • EPFL-POSTER-144041

    Record created on 2010-02-01, modified on 2017-05-12

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Journal article

Strong interactions and stability in the DGP model

The model of Dvali, Gabadadze, and Porrati (DGP) gives a simple geometrical setup in which gravity becomes 5-dimensional at distances larger than a length scale lambda(DGP). We show that this theory has strong interactions at a length scale lambda(3) similar to (lambda(DGP)(2)/M-P)(1/3). If lambda(DGP) is of order the Hubble length, then the theory loses predictivity at distances shorter than lambda(3) similar to 1000 km. The strong interaction can be viewed as arising from a longitudinal 'eaten Goldstone' mode that gets a small kinetic term only from mixing with transverse graviton polarizations, analogous to the case of massive gravity. We also present a negative-energy classical solution, which can be avoided by cutting off the theory at the same scale scale lambda(3). Finally, we examine the dynamics of the longitudinal Goldstone mode when the background geometry is curved.

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text:
Journal article

Localized edge states in the asymptotic suction boundary layer

The dynamics on the laminar-turbulent separatrix is investigated numerically for boundary-layer flows in the subcritical regime. Constant homogeneous suction is applied at the wall, resulting in a parallel asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL). When the numerical domain is sufficiently extended in the spanwise direction, the coherent structures found by edge tracking are invariably localized and their dynamics shows bursts that drive a remarkable regular or irregular spanwise dynamics. Depending on the parameters, the asymptotic dynamics on the edge can be either periodic in time or chaotic. A clear mechanism for the regeneration of streaks and streamwise vortices emerges in all cases and is investigated in detail. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.

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Journal article

Application of Ionic Liquids in the Downstream Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Chemical transformations of lignocellulosic substrates to valuable platform chemicals are challenging as lignin and cellulose have high thermal and chemical stabilities. However, certain ionic liquids are able to dissolve and deconstruct biomass and, in the presence of catalysts, convert the dissolved/deconstructed species into useful platform chemicals. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the role of ionic liquids in biomass processing. Using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as an example of a renewable building block, available from cellulose, we show how ionic liquids can facilitate its production.

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text:
Dendritic-cell trafficking to lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels

Antigen-presenting dendritic cells often acquire foreign antigens in peripheral tissues such as the skin. Optimal encounter with naive T cells for the presentation of these antigens requires that the dendritic cells migrate to draining lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels. In this article, we review important aspects of what is known about dendritic-cell trafficking into and through lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes. We present these findings in the context of information about lymphatic-vessel biology. Gaining a better understanding of the crosstalk between dendritic cells and lymphatic vessels during the migration of dendritic cells to lymph nodes is essential for future advances in manipulating dendritic-cell migration as a means to fine-tune immune responses in clinical settings.

  • There is no available fulltext. Please contact the lab or the authors.

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Send me information from insideHPC:

Japan's on again off again super back on

The AP is reporting today that Japan’s next generation big super, which was recently canned, is back on again

Finance Minister Hirohisa Fujii and other key Cabinet members agreed Wednesday to allow the science ministry as a special case to earmark up to around 23 billion yen in the fiscal 2010 budget to support projects to develop a next-generation supercomputer.

The agreement came after a number of Japanese scientists including Nobel Prize laureates voiced strong opposition to the Democratic Party of Japan-led government’s move to freeze the projects as part of its efforts to cut wasteful spending.

That’s about $256M USD, but the money isn’t free or guaranteed

Hiroshi Ogushi, a parliamentary secretary for finance, told reporters that the ministry will be allowed to seek up to 22.78 billion yen for the development in exchange for making an additional cut of 5 billion yen to its initial budget requests.

More in the article.

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Lunge Sequence

Moooooove of the week!!  This is an awesome sequence that will BURN!!! I took Devin Tolentino’s class at Barry’s Bootcamp one day and we did this with step ups, and I was sore for days.  You can really do this sequence with ANY exercise, that’s what makes it oh so good!  One of my awesome clients Courtney is demoing this sequence for us with split squats or stationary lunges.  (She already did this with step ups and plyo squats, and STILL looks this good!!)  You’ll need HEAVY, medium and light weights.  Courtney has 20s, 15s, and 10s for this exercise.  Line up the weights so that you can get to them easily.  Start with the heavies and do 10 reps, then move to the mediums for 20 reps and light weights for 30 reps.  If you want to try split squats like Courtney – stay on your back toe, knees pointed forward and make sure that when you are down in the lunge that your front knee doesn’t go past your toe.  Get low on the lunge and push through the reps. If you’re really crazy, you can walk the sequence back up and do another set of 30 reps, then 20 then 10…hehehee. Love the burn, feel the burn, own the burn!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Restored Republic via a GCR as of July 28 2017 Compiled 12:04 am EDT 28 July 2017 by Judy Byington, MSW, LCSW, ret, CEO, Child Abuse Recov...

Monday, July 17, 2017

McCain's Surgery May be More Serious than Expected

Elimination of Cabal members. Possible cover story of McCain's disappearance? ~ Dinar Chronicles

McCain’s Surgery May Be More Serious Than Thought, Experts Say

JULY 16, 2017

Senator John McCain of Arizona last week on Capitol Hill. He had surgery on Friday to remove a blood clot. | Credit: Jacquelyn Martin/Associated Press

The condition for which Senator John McCain had surgery on Friday may be more serious than initial descriptions have implied, and it may delay his return to Washington by at least a week or two, medical experts said on Sunday.

The Senate majority leader, Mitch McConnell, has already announced that votes on a bill to dismantle the Affordable Care Act will not begin until Mr. McCain’s return. A statement released by Mr. McCain’s office on Saturday had suggested that he would be in Arizona recovering for just this week, but neurosurgeons interviewed said the typical recovery period could be longer.

The statement from Mr. McCain’s office said a two-inch blood clot was removed from “above his left eye” during a “minimally invasive craniotomywith an eyebrow incision” at the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, “following a routine annual physical.” Surgeons there are not conducting interviews. Mr. McCain’s communications director, Julie Tarallo, said further information would be made public when it became available.

A craniotomy is an opening of the skull, and an eyebrow incision would be used to reach a clot in or near the left frontal lobes of the brain, neurosurgeons who were not involved in Mr. McCain’s care said.

“Usually, a blood clot in this area would be a very concerning issue,” said Dr. Nrupen Baxi, an assistant professor of neurosurgery at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.

He added, “The recovery time from a craniotomy is usually a few weeks.”

A statement from the Mayo Clinic Hospital said that the senator was recovering well and in good spirits at home, and that tissue pathology reports would come back in several days.

But many questions have been left unanswered, including whether Mr. McCain had symptoms that prompted doctors to look for the clot. In June, his somewhat confused questioning of James B. Comey, the former F.B.I. director, led to concerns about his mental status, which he later jokingly dismissed by saying he had stayed up too late watching baseball the night before.

“Usually, a blood clot like this is discovered when patients have symptoms, whether it’s a seizure or headaches or weakness or speech difficulties,” Dr. Baxi said. “Generally, it’s not found on a routine physical because doctors would not know to look for it.”

The cause of the clot has not been disclosed. The possibilities include a fall or a blow to the head, a stroke or certain brain changes associated with aging. Mr. McCain is 80.

He also has a history of melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer that can spread to the brain and cause bleeding. That cancer history could have prompted Mr. McCain’s doctors to scan his brain even in the absence of symptoms, some doctors said. The pending pathology reports are expected to help explain what caused the bleeding.

The clot could have been in one of several locations: between the skull and the dura, the membrane that covers the brain; between the dura and surface of the brain; or inside the brain itself.

Dr. David J. Langer, the chairman of neurosurgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, said a likely diagnosis was a subdural hematoma, a collection of blood between the dura and the brain.

“You would hope it’s a subdural, a relatively benign process,” Dr. Langer said. “It’s common in the elderly, especially if they’re on blood thinners. It can occur from relatively minor head injuries. The elderly brain loses volume, and as it retracts, the bridging veins from the brain to the dura are under increasing tension, and minor trauma can cause them to ooze or leak.”

The senator’s staff has not disclosed whether he takes a blood thinner.

Such hematomas can develop over weeks and months with subtle symptoms if they press on the brain, or even no symptoms, and removing them is usually an elective procedure, not an emergency, he said.

He said the operation is relatively straightforward. Hematomas often have an oily consistency and are easily drained once the skull is opened. The piece of skull that is removed for the procedure is then put back in place and fastened with titanium plates.

“He would be able to return to being a senator in a relatively short period of time with no ill effects,” Dr. Langer said. “This is an assumption. But it sounds like something not life-threatening or even a career-threatening problem.”

Dr. Philip E. Stieg, the chairman of neurological surgery at Weill Cornell Medicine and the neurosurgeon in chief at NewYork-Presbyterian, said it seemed a good sign that Mr. McCain was able to go home so quickly.

“I think the one possibility that’s of concern is that melanomas are known to go to the brain and they can bleed,” Dr. Stieg said. “They’ll have to wait for the pathology to come back. The good news is that five centimeters is a sizable blood clot, but in the frontal lobe, it should be well tolerated and hopefully he won’t have any neurologic deficits.”

Source: NY Times

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Restored Republic via a GCR: Update as of July 28, 2017

Restored Republic via a GCR as of July 28 2017 Compiled 12:04 am EDT 28 July 2017 by Judy Byington, MSW, LCSW, ret, CEO, Child Abuse Recov...

Wednesday, July 5, 2017

"World Peace in the Making" by Sunny1 - 7.5.17

Entry Submitted by Sunny1 at 1:44 AM EDT on July 5, 2017

"Re: Xi, Putin Reach Consensus on Korea" by Sierra - 7.4.17

I think this is a form of what they call "soft disclosure." I have been noticing it a lot lately too. Until recently I was never a big news watcher, but nowadays I love tuning in purely just to see world peace coming into effect before me very eyes. Always makes me smile seeing the various BRICS Alliance heads of states in the media so regularly lately. Modi has certainly been having some very interesting meetings recently! I found the the Trump meeting quite emotional as it was very moving hearing India (a country in need of so much healing) and its prime minster being so highly revered. I really can't wait for the day, when thanks to NESARA/GESARA all countries will be on a level playing field, and safe from outside cabal harm. Much gratitude to the White Hats/military and NPTB for making this possible and for your work in the liberation of the planet. Humanity loves and thanks you infinitely!

The Modi and Bibi meeting was 'interesting' too (smiles and warm hugs all around too! Looks very genuine!) - would love to have a Yosef commentary on that one!

Overall there's lots of great stuff happening daily. Surely even the sleeping public can sense something magical going on...ooops I forgot that's the point, i.e. "soft disclosure." ...Either way, world peace (or for us 'awakened WayShowers' - NESARA/GESARA) is happening right before our eyes! So beautiful! I know my grandparents are in heaven smiling.

Blessings friends - for it's a truly beautiful world!
~Sunny1 xxx

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text:
13 a 22 Julho 2013, Coimbra – Portugal

Lunch time & amazing weather!

6 LunchWhat happens if you round up a group of nice people in a nice place with amazing weather? =D This picture says it all! This was taken before going to lunch at the University Canteen.

Os comentários estão fechados.


text:
The Dutchies are taking over

I’m Danielle, one of the newest PR-coordinators at INTERNeX. For the next 7 months I will be joining the PR team and help organize things like the PuB NiGHTS and the weekly and monthly events. I already met some of you on Saturday night, because I wouldn’t be me if my first weekend in Vancouver didn’t include going out.img_0457

Let me just tell you a little bit about myself. I’m 22 years old and from the Netherlands. I am doing this internship as part of my study program at the NHTV, where I follow the course International Event Management. I love planning and organizing events, but besides that I spend most of my free time just hanging out and doing fun things with my friends and family. Although I’m a very social person, I can also appreciate some alone time while watching Netflix in bed.

I chose to come to Vancouver because I love adventure and I am always open to trying new things, coming here is a great way to challenge myself. I’ve been here for almost a week now and everybody I’ve met seems really nice, which helps with settling in. I’m very excited to get to know everybody and explore this beautiful country.

Hopefully I will see you all at the next PuB NiGHT!

– Danielle

INTERNeX International Exchange
International Village,
Suite 2077, 2079 – 88 West Pender Street
Vancouver, Canada -V6B 6N9-

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I cried a little…

8 weeks old

….inside….when she screamed a high pitch scream as the first needle went into her thigh. Yup. It was her first vaccinations at two months. (There were to be three needles.) I was to hold her arms down during the process. Her eyes were squeezed tightly shut and she cried with all the might get little body could muster. Needles two and three were a blur after that.

As soon as the last bandage was on, I scooped her to my chest and told her what a brave & strong little girl she was. And she was because the crying stopped soon after. I felt pretty proud of her.

Two month vaccinations include :

Side effects for NessNess included :

  • low grade fever, under 38 C
  • extra fussiness & clinginess
  • more sleepy

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text:
Why It Matters: Issues at stake in U.S. election

Saturday, September 10th, 2016
(AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Saturday, September 10th, 2016
Storm clouds hang over Capitol Hill in Washington, Friday, Sept. 27, 2013. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

WASHINGTON — A selection of issues at stake in the presidential election and their impact on Americans, in brief:

The future of millions of people living in the U.S. illegally could well be shaped by the presidential election. The stakes are high, too, for those who employ them, help them fit into neighbourhoods, or want them gone.

Republican Donald Trump at first pledged to deport the estimated 11 million immigrants in the country illegally. Not only that, he’d build a wall all along

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text:
First Battle of Bull Run Facts and Trivia

Also known as: First Manassas
Date: July 21st, 1861
Location: Fairfax and Prince William Counties, Virginia
Approximate troop strength: Union 28,450; Confederate 32,230
Commanders: Brigadier General Irvin McDowell (Union); Brigadier Generals Pierre Beauregard and Joseph E. Johnston
Estimated Union casualties: 460 killed, 1124 wounded, 1312 missing or captured
Estimated Confederate casualties: 387 killed, 1582 wounded, 13 missing or captured
Result: Confederate victory
What happened: Early on the morning of July 21st, McDowell attacked Beauregard’s left flank at Matthews Hill, driving the Confederates back to Henry Hill. Fighting continued throughout the day as both sides tried to push each other off Henry Hill. Late in the afternoon, reinforcements from Johnston arrived and attacked the Union right forcing the Federals to withdraw. Confederate cavalry attacked the retreating Union soldiers, and the relatively orderly retreat turned into a rout amid Rebel artillery fire and civilian spectators  clogged the narrow roads back to Washington.

Stonewall Jackson Gets His Name

Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson commanded a brigade of Virginians in Johnston’s army at First Bull Run.  Jackson formed his men in line on Henry Hill, and when Brigadier General Barnard Bee tried to rally his retreating brigade on the hill, he pointed to Jackson and shouted  “Look!  There is Jackson standing like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!”  There were some present who claimed to hear it another way; they thought Bee was irritated that Jackson held his position and did not come to his aid. These witnesses heard it as “Look at Jackson standing there like a damned stone wall!”. Bee was killed in the battle and could not clarify what he really said, but Jackson earned his nickname of Stonewall that day, and his brigade became known as the Stonewall Brigade. The Stonewall Brigade suffered 561 casualties that day, including 119 killed.

Confederate Blue and Union Gray

Early in the Civil War, there were not enough uniforms to supply the rapidly growing armies. At First Bull Run, many states had sent their regiments into the field with whatever uniforms they could scrape together.  Often, this meant using state militia uniforms, which were not standardized across the country. Some northern units, like the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, went into action wearing gray state militia uniforms, and some southern regiments, like the 33rd Virginia Infantry, wore blue. This of course led to confusion and uncertainty on the battlefield, with some units firing at their own troops, or withholding fire upon the enemy at the worst possible time.

Wilmer McLean’s Houses

Wilmer McLean was a 47 year old wholesale grocer who owned a house and farm near Blackburn’s Ford on Bull Run. Beauregard had his headquarters at the McLean house.  On July 18th,  Confederate forces contested a Union Army crossing at Blackburn’s Ford, and in the fighting, a Union cannon ball went down the chimney of the McLean house and destroyed Beauregard’s dinner. McLean’s farm buildings were damaged, and armies marched across his fields.

McLean decided he was living too close to the war zone, so he moved his family about 120 miles south to a central Virginia town called Appomattox Court House. McLean was able to stay clear of the war until April 1865, when General Ulysses S. Grant’s army overtook General Robert E. Lees’ forces in the Appomattox area after the Confederates abandoned their Richmond and Petersburg defenses a few days earlier.  Lee and his officers surrendered to Grant in the parlor of McLean’s Appomattox home on April 9th.

Wilmer McLean is credited with saying “the war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor”.

Generals and Future Generals at First Bull Run

Many of the officers in command of regiments or brigades at Bull Run eventually became generals and went on to command divisions, corps, or armies in nearly all theaters of the war from Virginia to Tennessee to the Trans-Mississippi and everywhere in between. A few of these future generals served in other capacities at Bull Run, such as staff officers, but they eventually had their own commands in the field.

Union Army future generals at First Bull Run included those who would become household names down to the  very obscure.  They included William T. Sherman, Ambrose Burnside, Oliver O. Howard, Orlando Wilcox, Samuel Heintzleman, William B. Franklin, George Sykes, Charles Griffin, John F. Hartranft, Andrew Porter, Erasmus Keyes, David Hunter, Alfred H. Terry, Romeyn B. Ayers, Issac Quinby, Innis Palmer, Thomas Davies, Israel Richardson, Adolf von Steinwehr, James B. Ricketts, Henry Slocum, Joseph Bartlett, Alexander McCook, Charles Jameson, Willis Gorman, Frank Wheaton, David Woodbury, J.H. Hobart Ward, Louis Blenker, Hiram Berry, William R. Montgomery, and Calvin Pratt.  Lieutenant George Armstrong Custer, fresh out of finishing last in his class at West Point, served as a courier between McDowell and General in Chief  Winfield Scott in Washington.

Besides Johnston, Beauregard, Jackson, and Bee, the Confederate army at Bull Run included several other Brigadier Generals who were in command of brigades that day; most would go on to larger commands as the war progressed.  These included James Longstreet, Richard Ewell, Edmund Kirby Smith, Theophilus Holmes, David R. Jones, and the  obscure Milledge L. Bonham.

Like the Federals, the Confederates had several officers present who would become generals during the war.  Future Confederate generals at First Bull Run included J.E.B. Stuart, Robert E. Rodes, Joseph Kershaw, Jubal Early, Richard Taylor, Wade Hampton, John Imboden,  James L. Kemper, William Barksdale, E.P. Alexander, Nathan Evans , Harry T. Hays, George H. Steuart, W. S. Featherston, Micah Jenkins, Samuel Garland, Montgomery Corse, Eppa Hunton,  Phililp St. George Cocke, William Smith, James Fagan, William Bate, John S. Preston, John Echols, Lucius  Gartrell, William M. Gardner, John C. Vaughn, and States Rights Gist (yes, that was his real name).  In addition John S. Mosby, who would lead his famous Partisan Rangers later in the war as a Colonel, was present as an enlisted man .

I’m sure I missed somebody, or more than one somebody, but the point is that a lot of field commanders in the war first saw action at Bull Run. However, neither of the two men who would emerge as the top field commanders for their sides were present at First Bull Run. Robert E. Lee was involved in administrative matters organizing Virginia’s forces and did not command troops in the field until later that summer. Ulysses S. Grant was the Colonel of the 21st Illinois Infantry which was on duty in Missouri in July 1861.

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Some New Cards

Published November 15, 2008 by isisimaginings

At last! I made this for the November Friendship Swap at Docrafts & used one of Loretta’s challenge layouts, with a slight alteration. The ‘friend’ stamped image should have been a square on the lower right hand corner under the blossom image, but it didn’t fit. The patterned paper underneath is from a sheet of giftwrap from Tesco! When I saw it I thought it matched the blossom image quite well. It doesn’t show, but I used Anita’s 3D glaze on the flowers after colouring them with a white Sakura gel pen. I thought they would be whiter than they appear; I stamped the image with a Versafine ink pad on to watercolour paper, so next time I will try white cardstock instead.
These cards were made using Loretta’s layouts also – I’m about six weeks behind! I tried to keep them very simple, with just a few colours. The backing paper is patterned vellum that Geraldine was kind enough to send me. She also sent me the candle & poinsettia stamps – they are Anita’s clear stamps & the pack includes a reindeer & snowmen, among others. The ribbon on the Tilda card is from the free gift that came with the current edition of the docrafts Creativity magazine.

While my mum was here in October we spent a lot of time browsing the online craft stores. She has been making large decoupage pictures for about 10 years now & has recently started making cards. I can’t remember now where we got these orchid decoupage sheets from, but we both loved them – she bought quite a few, I only bought one! I made these yesterday & again tried to keep them simple, as I wanted the emphasis to be the flowers. The pink card is for my mum, because she did a lot for me while she was here, including painting the kitchen & the bathroom! I don’t do a lot of decoupage, but I would like to do more of these, so I’ll have to find the invoice that came with them & buy more.

I made a few more cards this week, but I’ll upload them tomorrow. I also have to update my blog list; there are so many fantastic blogs out there & some of them have blog candy! 🙂 I have more Christmas cards to make & also two more thank you cards, but tomorrow is another day, as Scarlett O’Hara said. Tonight I’m going to watch ‘Happy-Go-Lucky’ on DVD. It’s a film by the great British director Mike Leigh. My favourite of all the movies he’s made is ‘Secrets & Lies’ from 1996. If you haven’t seen it I can highly recommend it.

So, until tomorrow, love & light to all.

4 comments on “Some New Cards

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text:
The journey to the other side is attainable only after great suffering. Never stop just because you feel defeated. Remember that.

Thursday, December 15, 2011

Toot toot!

I only miss you when you call
So please don't pick up the phone again
In the confusion of it all
Give me time
While my mind's unraveling
-Can't make this over by Pixie Lott-

Hii Syazz (: <------ He texted me ? Weird . Okay he did text me but I don't reply his text . Sorry . No credit actually but even if I had credit that time err sorry bro I'm not going to reply your text . I'm not acting snob okay . I just had to do what I have to do if you know what I'm saying . What we had , well it's all in the past now . Please just open a new book and write a new love story . You doesn't need to repeat your old love story man . Yeah whatever if people said "Kalau ada jodoh takkan kemana" Seriously ehh ? -,- Anyway , I just hope that we can be JUST FRIENDS okay ?


text:
Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Magic Window Card.

Here is my next new card shape.
A Magic Window Card
to spotlight my current
Butterfly Challenge #23
Butterflies + V is for Valentine.

I found various tutorials /names for this
design of card and the one I liked the most
and have followed is by

The pink /white heart design paper is
Me to you  With love.
Embossing folder is Spellbinders Mystic (A) side.

Silver /Crystal heart and gems from my stash.
Oddments of red card stock in my snippets folder.
Words generated and printed on computer.

Here you can see the shutter mechanism
start to be revealed  as the card is opened.
(sorry camera decided to have a yellow hissy  fit )

Opened up a bit more to reveal the secret message.

Now fully opened.
Message was a scrap of left over paper
which had been a magazine freebie.
Sizzix scallop circle die used to make the opening.
The cutout was then used on the front of the card to create the closure.
I loved making this card.
A bit fiddly to get the measurements deadly accurate
and the mechanism to open up as a whole  diamond
but the result is well worth it.
Small butterfly  is a tonic punch.
Larger one is a Woodware punch
as are both the heart punches.
Hope you can come on over and play.

Entering into the following challenges:
Brown Sugar #130 Valentines
Scrapping 4 Fun #34 All about love.
Cut It Up Challenge #63 Embossing + use a die cut.
We Do Doobadoo #2 romance.
Pixie's Crafty Workshop #161  use up your snippets.
Scribble and Scrap #36 Anything goes.
That Craft Place # Love/valentine.
The Crazy Challenge #189 Embossing.
Crafting From The Heart #t44 Anything goes.

  1. I love this magical Valentine card, a clever mechanism to open from inside with LOVE:)

  2. What a lovely design, such a pretty card! Haven't seen one like this before. It does look very fiddly, but it's one I'd like to try, so thanks for giving us the link to Teri's instructions.

  3. WOW this is awesome...i once tried it but as you say its tricky!
    Dr Sonia
    Cards Crafts Kids Projects

  4. Super design Mrs A. Looks so fiddly to make, but you've done a fabulous job xx

  5. Oh wow what a lovely design l love the look of this one Mrs A and the pretty heart papers used too x

  6. What a clever card! You must have lots of patience Mrs A...this is fabulous, love it. Carol x

  7. This card is so pretty. I love all the aspects of it. The paper is so fun with hearts and I love all the butterflys. The inside opening is very unique. I'm wondering if your camera has colors of hissy fits other than yellow?

  8. Hi Mrs A, love your design and the way it opens up. It's so pretty in these papers.
    Avril xx

  9. Hi Mrs A, love your design and the way it opens up. It's so pretty in these papers.
    Avril xx

  10. Hi Mrs A
    Its been a long time since I did one of these and it didn't look anywhere near as fab as this. Super!
    Best wishes.
    Ang x

  11. This is so clever! and beautiful. . .

    Thank you for joining us for our National Braille Literacy challenge at Cut it Up!

  12. Love this fold, Mrs. A! These butterflies look quite happy to be on a Valentine!

  13. Hello!

    Thank you for visiting my blog! I love this style card - and you have created a colorful one! It is always so nice to hear from you!

    Wishing you a happy week!

    Barbara Diane

  14. Ahhh Mrs A., you do love different shapes, don't you, clever work again, Shaz in Oz.x

  15. I love the surprise inside. My one try at this was abysmal but you have it to a tee x

  16. Wahoo - how clever! I'll nip off now to check how it's done - yours is just gorgeous!!

    Di xx

  17. Lovely card thanks for sharing at Crafting from the Heart good luck x

  18. It looks lovely Mrs A, very intricate. I wouldn't have the patience for all those tricky measurements myself.
    I've actually made something I can enter in your butterfly challenge this time!! xx

  19. OMGosh Mrs A! When I saw your card on the Butterfly Challenge blog, I had no idea what was inside. What a fabulous card! I love the shutter mechanism - I'll have to give this go. xx

  20. You just stun me with your special shaped and folded cards, Mrs. A.! I think they are ALL magic to me, but this magic window thing is really a doozie!! Hugs, Darnell

  21. Mrs. A., this is an amazing card! I love the colors and when it opens, it is indeed magical! How fabulous is that? I love the butterflies and the embossing - simply marvelous!

  22. Thanks for another lovely entry for my Patterned Paper January challenge. x

  23. Wow! What a fabulous design. Just gorgeous.
    Caroline xxx

  24. Very pretty Valentine card! Thanks for joining us at Cut It Up. Cindy-Dt

  25. Very pretty, wonderful design, thanks for joining us at Brown Sugar for our Valentine Challenge this week

  26. Beautiful card! Thank you for joining us at S4F Challenges.
    Have a great weekend.
    Sandra DT
    my private blog

  27. Hi, A lovely project, I love the image and the colour choice. A lovely style. Thank you for joining us this week. Crafting From The Heart Good luck. We would love to see you again next week.
    Hugs Erin DT & Co Owner xx

  28. Wow, Mrs A, what a brilliant card shape! It's just gorgeous - and such fun for the recipient! :)

    love Mags B x

  29. Great card, love the shape of it, well done! Thanks voor joining us at The Crazy Challenge.

    groetjes, Ellen

  30. Fab card, beautifully coloured image and lovely layering. Thank you for sharing your work with all of us at The Crazy Challenge.

  31. Good heavens that looks mega complimicated to make! Fantastic result though.

    Hugs, Sarn xxx

  32. That's too cool! What a fabulous design and it's clever. Thanks for joining us at Scrapping4fun
    Tina dt

  33. So beautifully done! I made one of these cards a few years back at a stampin' Up Class...with my SU demo showing me how to do it. It was the one and only one I made. I remember it being a lot of I am so impressed with this card.

  34. Fantastic romantic card which fits in perfectly with the We Do Doobadoo Challenge romance theme. Lou (DT)

  35. I made one of these not too long ago, fiddled apart one I made at a class. I love how they come out. Yours is great! Such a pretty in pink Valentines! Nice and girly.

  36. Oh my gosh, that is sooo pretty, I love it xx

  37. Fab card, love the design.
    Thank you for your lovely entry at Scrapping4funChallenges.
    Rachelle DT

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