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Introduction: End-Around Pneumatic Cannon

Picture of End-Around Pneumatic Cannon

While not particularly new or creative, here are my plans for a simple pneumatic (compressed-air powered) potato cannon. It can also be used for other projectiles, as long as they fit down one of the interchangeable barrels. It uses an electrically operated valve, originally made for in-ground irrigation systems.

This project is also documented on my website at:

Step 1: Safety Warning!

Picture of Safety Warning!

Safety Warning: Please be careful with this project. From what I've heard, PVC is not meant for holding compressed gasses. Gasses compress much easier than liquids, so be careful. The sprinkler valve used is designed for cold water, so be careful. The pressure gauge is designed for cold water applications, so be careful. Almost nothing in this project is used in its intended purpose, so please be extra careful. If you explode one of your PVC pipes, you will have essentially detonated a pipe bomb, and you are going to be in a world of hurt. You might want to take an old pair of jeans, cut off one leg, and wrap it around your pressure chamber. You can also use an old towel, or some metal screening. It probably wont help in the event of a pipe rupture, as one user has suggested. He also reminds us that some PVC is not actual PVC through the entire wall of the pipe. He says that 'cellular core' pipe, which is not rated for pressure, has a lightweight foam core, surrounded by thin layers of actual PVC. Please double check your pipe before purchasing, to ensure that you are not purchasing cellular foam core pipe. Another user has written that fiberglass mesh tape, used in construction for drywall joining, might be a stronger pressure chamber coating. Another user suggested taking coupling, sanding off the inner stops, and gluing them to the outside of your pressure chamber.

If you only remember one thing from all my safety warnings, remember this: PVC shrapnel will not show up on an X-Ray. The doctors will have an extremely hard time picking all the plastic shards out of your body if something goes wrong. You have been warned.

organicengines adds a helpful reminder to keep your PVC out of direct sunlight, because the light will degrade the plastic and make it brittle. Be careful!

Yes, this could be a dangerous project. I'm not a lawyer, but I'd like to say that I'm absolving myself of all responsibility for your actions. If you decided to build one of these cannons, by all means have fun, but please be safe. I'm not responsible for anything except for fun. If any of the Instructables administrators or moderators feel this project is too dangerous for this website, I will gladly remove it as soon as possible.

Another safety point: This is a cannon, which is a type of gun. Guns are meant to be dangerous, they would be pointless if they weren't. If you have no experience handling guns, please be very careful with this project, and do yourself a favor and take a firearms safety course. It will be a good experience even if you never shoot a gun again. If you have experience with guns, please be careful regardless. When I went through hunter's safety, they taught us three important rules of firearms safety:
1. Treat every gun as if it is loaded, so always point it in a safe direction. This means not at you, your dog, or anybody standing around. Point it up in the air, or down at the ground.
2. Always keep your finger off the trigger (valve switch) until ready to fire. Enough said.
3. Know your target and what's beyond. Plywood, fences, and garage walls are not strong enough to stop some of the things you can shoot with this cannon. I've put clean holes through both walls of an empty 55 gallon steel drum, so know what's behind your target. Try to not shoot this cannon in residential areas, or use really low pressures and soft projectiles. Soft projectiles include rolled-up, wet socks (more on this later), water, and loose snow.

That being said, this cannon can provide hours of entertainment, as well as a bit of education, in projectile physics and the ideal gas law.

Step 2: Planning

Picture of Planning

General Theory: For those of you who remember shooting spitballs out a straw, this pneumatic cannon operates on essentially the same principles. High pressure air in a tube will force any obstructions out the end at high velocities. The larger diameter pipe, here I've used 3" PVC, is used as a pressure chamber, holding compressed air. The valve holds this air in until manually or electrically opened. The pressure gauge is used to ensure you don't exceed the safe pressure limit of 100 psi. The tire valve stem is used to fill the pressure chamber. All details will be explained in more detail further down this page.

As is customary for my projects, I've included a diagram of the project. Hopefully it helps you to understand what I've done. Here, I've included both the 1.5" and 0.5" barrels. They are interchangeable, by unscrewing them from the valve, and attaching another barrel. It is important to note that while I have placed specific couplings and bushings in the diagram, the important thing is to find what works for you. If you can find an easier/cheaper way to convert a 1.5" pipe to 1" male threads, by all means go for it. I built with what I had, or could get from the local home improvement store. Some home improvement stores won't carry all the pieces you need, so you might have to search elsewhere. I personally have had good experiences with for finding exotic parts.

Safety Alert!!! An astute reader ( bigbob12345 ) pointed out that most bell-reducer couplers are NOT PRESSURE RATED. Please go read this page on the spudfile wiki. It is suggested that instead of using the bell reducer, that you simply use a series of regular pressure-rated bushings to connect the 3" pipe to the 1" pipe.

A note about length of pipes: The lengths of the main pressure chamber and barrels are up to you. The first cannon I ever built I used 4' pipes for both, which worked quite well, but was a bit heavy and a bit long. That cannon was broken years ago, so when I rebuilt this new cannon (that I am documenting here), I've chosen to use shorter pipes. I used a 2' pressure chamber, and cut the barrels to be about 4" longer than the end of the pressure chamber, when both are connected to the valve.

About the Valve: The brand of in-ground sprinkler system at my local hardware store was Orbit. The specific valve I used is an Orbit WaterMaster 1" Automatic Anti-Siphon Valve, with standard 1" threaded fittings, 24 Volt solenoid, and 125 psi maximum pressure. Product Webpage The anti-siphon aspect doesn't matter to me, but I happen to like the U-shape of the valve, which allows for a compact, easy to carry/hold/shoot cannon.

About the tire valve stem: I picked up a two-pack of replacement tire valve stems from the local auto parts store. Be sure to get generic valve stems, not anything specific to a particular brand of tire. You want to be able to drill a hole in the endcap, slide the valve stem through, and tighten it down airtight. The particular tire valve stems I purchased had rubber gaskets on the inside, which really help make a good seal. Another advantage to the standard tire valve stem, is that nearly every air compressor has an attachment to fill tires, so you shouldn't need any additional hardware for your compressor.

About the pipe: The pipe should be regular Schedule 40. My 3" pipe is rated for 260 PSI, the 1.5" pipe is rated for 330 PSI, and the 0.5" is rated for 600 PSI. The valve can only handle up to 125 PSI, and since I want at least a small safety margin, I'm only going to run this cannon at up to 100 PSI. This gives me a comfortable safety rating on all the PVC involved, and I have never had one of these valves fail on me, regardless of pressure.

The first image is my plan for the cannon. I hope you can understand what i'm trying to indicate. The drawings took me way too much time.

The second image is a picture of the sprinkler valve's box.

The third image is a blown-apart view of the actual fittings for the pressure chamber side of the cannon.

The fourth image is a blown-apart view of the adapters for the 1.5" barrel.

Step 3: Cutting and Sanding

Picture of Cutting and Sanding

To cut the PVC pipe, I've always used a hacksaw. I don't know much about hacksaw blades, so I have probably been using a metal blade for PVC. It works just as well. Try to make a straight cut, it makes fittings easier. Clean off the plastic burrs, but don't get any slivers.

I heard somewhere that you should rough-up the bonding surfaces with sandpaper to help increase bond strength. I used regular sandpaper to rough-up both sides of the bond. You'll want to get a wet paper towel to clean up the PVC dust, which probably causes lung cancer, so don't breathe it in. Then get a dry paper towel to dry off the fittings.

Step 4: Gluing the PVC

Picture of Gluing the PVC

This step is really nasty. I mean it, it really smells bad. To glue PVC pipes to fittings, you need special glue. This glue really rocks, because I've heard that it melts the plastic a little, and then chemically bonds the plastic together into one piece. If anybody knows anything about how it works, please leave a comment, and I'll update this step. The glue I used is a two-part process, of priming and then gluing. At my local hardware store, I purchased a can of purple primer, and a can of PVC glue. Good brands that I have seen are Harvey and Oatey. The cans I have have a brush attached to the inside of the lid.

The glue really stinks, is very flammable, and will cause numerous health defects and possibly death merely by working with it. Not really, but its nasty stuff. As you can see in the first image, I'm working outside, because the glue causes headaches and cancer (not really), on my dad's planting bench. I've put down an old piece of plywood, which I covered with about 10 sheets of newspaper. You're going to spill the primer and glue, and you don't want to mess up something important.

You will probably also want to have a large grip pliers, such as the channel-lock pliers I have here. They will help you grip pipes and fittings, and it's much easier to wipe glue off the pliers than your fingers. I'll point out that when you are test fitting your fittings together, they will feel really tight, like you can't get them in all the way. When you get the primer and glue on the pieces, they will slide together like butter. Don't worry about that, but be sure not to cut your pipe too short, as you'll be able to slide it in further with the glue on it than you could while it was dry.

You might not want to glue all the fittings, as someday you might want to get them apart. In the case of breakage, you'll appreciate having a modular design, so you can replace just the broken parts. My first cannon fell off a table at a science fair, breaking the connections to the valve, which was glued on. The valve is perfectly fine, sitting in the corner of my room on the floor, but with broken off connections glued into it, it's pretty much worthless to me now.

As to the actual gluing process, here's what I do. I've received no formal training on PVC gluing, but this is what seemed to work. Don't forget to sand your connections as per the previous step. I take the purple primer brush and wipe it all around the connection area, where the bond will be made. Do this on both parts to be glued. Wait a few seconds, then take the actual glue. Spread it over the same area as the primer, and quickly set the brush back in the can. Take both pieces, and slide them together. It's pretty cool how easily they fit together when properly lubricated. Take your paper towel or rag and wipe off any excess you see, be sure to check inside, too.

As for the drying / curing time, I have always left the pieces for at least overnight, sometimes 24 hours. For this particular project, I left the pieces on the bench (they smelled bad) overnight until about 12:00 the next morning.

Step 5: Assembly

Picture of Assembly

After gluing and taping all the necessary pieces, you need to assemble everything together. Depending on which parts you glued and which you taped, the parts you need to assemble here will be different. Simply connect the pressure chamber to the inlet side of the sprinkler valve, and connect one of the barrels to the output side of the valve.

Step 6: Pressure Test

Picture of Pressure Test

Before firing anything, I carefully and slowly filled my pressure chamber. I started at 10 psi, and gradually increased the pressure with short bursts from my compressor. I charged the chamber to about 65 psi, and left it alone for a while. When I returned 15 minutes later and took this picture, the pressure has dropped to about 50 psi. Since I almost never wait 15 minutes between pressurizing and firing, this shouldn't be too much of a problem. I think the largest leakage is from the junction between the pressure gauge and the dark-gray nipple. I'm not too sure that they have compatible threads. During the pressure test, I laid a heavy coat over the pressure chamber, just in case. Be careful.

Step 7: Firing Circuit

Picture of Firing Circuit

The solenoid valve says it requires 24 volts to open, if I remember correctly. Three 9v batteries in series will definitely open the valve. Connect them i series with a switch as shown in the image below.

Some people like to have a rocker switch as a safety, and then use a pushbutton switch for firing. What you do is up to you.

Step 8: Ammo, Firing, and Results

Picture of Ammo, Firing, and Results

For ammo, my favorite City Ammo is a wet sock. I take a calf-high, white cotton athletic sock, roll it up tight, and bind it together with zip-ties. Take this sock and soak it in water until saturated. This will produce a good projectile that won't do too much damage to fences, houses, people, etc. The water gives it enough weight to travel a fair distance, and everybody has lots of 'lost' socks at home. Of course, wet ammo is much more fun in the summer, as they sometimes spray water around at your friends.

Filling your barrel with water right from the garden hose is also quite fun, good in squirt-gun fights. Of course, try to keep the barrel mostly upright.

In the first picture, you can see my brother preparing to ram a wet sock projectile down the 1.5" barrel. We used the other barrel, the 0.5" barrel, as a ram-rod, although nearly anything long and thin will work.

Video One: Here, my brother and I are shooting one of the aforementioned wet socks using the 1.5" barrel. We are standing behind our garage and shooting into the neighbors yard. The sock landed by the small shrub that you can see in the video. The cannon was pressurized to about 40 psi.

Video Two: Here, my brother and I are shooting small plastic beads with the 0.5" barrel. Since the beads were smaller than the inside diameter of the barrel, and didn't form an air-tight fit, we used a small piece of paper towel as wadding. You can see the paper towel floating down to the ground, a few feet past the barrel. The beads all landed near the same shrub the sock landed by.

Bolts: My brother discovered that a small bolt fit nicely in the 0.5" barrel. He shot it into a piece of plywood. The bolt drove through the wood about 0.25 inches. Please don't shoot bolts at people or houses.

Masher007 (author)2014-04-28

This is not spam, but a warning. PVC will fail suddenly after a while. This was band member that hurt badly by a T-Shirt launcher explosion.

DanTDM (author)2014-02-23

They do not have compatible threads. Buy a pressure gauge with a 1/4 inch thread and use a bushing reducer. It will also be easier to read. Yours is for garden hoses, not pipes.

cnc routers (author)2013-01-17

I do find the pneumatic vale

freeza36 (author)2012-10-16

I would love to see an ible of yours.

TurboFusion (author)2012-08-29

What would happen if instead of a PVC pipe for a air tank, you used a copper pipe? I suppose the increased strength of the tank would lower the risk of rupturing and allow you to put more pressure into it.

I suppose you could use higher pressure and have less chance of a rupture. Also pieces of copper embedded in your body will show up on the x-ray so the doctors can pull out all the pieces, if the worst comes to worst. Honestly I think the pressure limitation comes from the valve primarily, so if you switched to a ball valve or other value instead of the electric diaphragm value, you could use higher pressures with the same PVC. Perhaps the best option would be an all-metal design with a piston valve (info here ?

Football viking boy (author)2012-05-06

url for your website doesn't work

Thanks for the heads-up, I just fixed it!

epierce (author)2012-05-06

Have you ever considered building a "P" trap tipe loop to contain the water before it is fired?

matthewbeckler (author)epierce2012-05-07

Huh, that's a good idea, I might have to try that sometime. Sort of like a mini reservoir for the water. I wonder if you could use something larger too...good idea!

de0509 (author)2012-05-06

hello bro. This is one idea i did for kinda safe projectiles, didnt document it anywhere but the idea is simple. I mashed newspaper and inserted into PVC pipes, then compress to squeeze the water out. make them real dry and then remove from mould and dry under the sun or other means for drying. Its ready now but i prefer to coat them with a clear cellophane tape for more durability. Can be substituted with foam things, but the density of paper makes the hardness and inertia feel just right. i dont know why, but it feels just right. And its cheap

kayu (author)2012-05-06

how can i make littel one of it anyone no ?

knuckel (author)2010-02-08

mine is like yours but HUGE

kayu (author)knuckel2012-05-06

mine has an oxigen tank lol :)

urtlesquirt (author)2012-05-06

never knew guns can kurt you.

Dashadower (author)2012-05-06

Is the ideal gas law Pv=nRt?

You are correct!

TDWay (author)2012-03-18

I could not help but notice the snow, just another word of caution, cold temperatures drastically slows down the curing time and the PVC Cement should never be applied or used below 32 degrees, always read the labels for working temperatures. I'm some what surprised that some of the last joints haven't failed.

al_packer (author)2012-03-15

Wrapping the PVC with a couple of layers of 3M Filament tape (the stuff used for packaging) will reduce the danger of shrapnel

Pizzapie500 (author)2010-11-27

What if your solenoid runs on AC? (author)Pizzapie5002011-02-14

It should still work, just fine, I can imagine how it could anyway. Hook it to a 9v battery and see what it does. (It can't hurt it)

Pizzapie500 (author)jj.inc2011-02-15

Dang it! The solenoid blew up! JK! Yeah it works, it makes that clicky noise. (author)Pizzapie5002011-02-16

Good, you actually got me there. Yea, do you have a sprinkler system that uses these which plugs into your outdoor AC, if so then that control box actually adapts the power to lower voltage DC. That may lead to the belief that it is an AC valve, or I don't know what I'm talking about.

kve23 (author)2011-02-02

some kinds of pvc are not for pressure but others are designed for pressure

ghoru (author)2009-05-10

Coolest sound ever! lol cant wait to build one...or 2...ah hell go for 3 how big are paint balls... :D

seltzer10 (author)ghoru2010-09-26

paintballs come in different sizes but the best to easily fit is the .50" paintballs

tomtortoise (author)ghoru2009-12-30

3/4 inch pvc barrel

ghoru (author)ghoru2009-05-10

hmm... wonder how a 3 barrel separate trigger system would go....?

paul1256 (author)2010-06-28

dose the size of the air chamber matter

imthatguy1125 (author)2010-02-20

YOu used a dwv reduser, this means its not pressure rated a can explode

Thank you for your comment. This is a very real and serious concern, and has been mentioned at least once in my writeup above. I have never had problems with my DWV reducer, but in future designs I will only use pressure-rated fittings as I mentioned in step 2. Thanks for your concern.

 ok sorry I just noticed it in the intro, also you may not want to shoot it in the snow because pvc becomes brittle, for more info you can check

lew0004 (author)2008-11-09

I was wondering if you should make a picture of a End-Around Pneumatic Cannon except with a 3 barrl

matthewbeckler (author)lew00042008-11-09

Part of the design restrictions that come with using the U-shaped valve is that the barrel can't be too large, otherwise it would collide with the pressure chamber. The 1.5" barrel is probably the largest diameter that would work alright with this valve.

lew0004 (author)matthewbeckler2008-11-10

what size wood a tennisball need.

matthewbeckler (author)lew00042009-03-13

Spudtech sells 2.5" Schedule 40 PVC that fits tennis balls. I have never purchased any pipe this size, but I've heard of people getting good results.

mettaurlover (author)2009-07-22

i'd use shooter marbles as ammo. lots of them. you ever seen what happens when a marble hits a wall at 300 FPS? it explodes. loudly.

The 4th Doctor (author)2009-03-11

You should use some disposable cameras for your firing circuit i bet you could get a pretty good power increase if you try it tell me how it goes

covey12 (author)The 4th Doctor2009-06-14

why do you even use nine volts? it has so much less power than operating the valves when pneumatically modded. you should look up on how to mod a sprinkler valve, it uses a blow gun as a filot so you have an actual trigger on the gun

4th Doctor, Thanks for the comment. I don't think that the current firing circuit of 3 - 9v batteries and a switch impacts the power of the cannon. I could certainly get a more powerful cannon by modifying the sprinkler valve, but I haven't done that yet.

the 330volt pulse capacitor in disposable cameras should open the valve faster which should increase the power of the cannon, maybe a small pointless increase maybe a pretty decent increase or maybe something entirely unexpected too

Certainly, a quicker-opening valve would increase the amount and rate of airflow through the barrel, but I don't think the limitation is from the electronics or the solenoid, but rather the diaphram action of the sprinkler valve. In addition, the huge voltage spike would probably damage the solenoid coil, as they are really only designed for up to 30v operation. A quick google search can help you find videos and instructions about moding a sprinkler valve:

ive used solenoids alike to the solenoids in sprinkeler valves the capaciters give a pulse that they put up with fine and give a quick strong pull which should open the valve faster it could be a pretty pitful or a pretty impressive increase it should help itleast somewhat and its simpler then modifying valve all you need is a disposable camera if anyone trys this post results

qballcat (author)2009-03-18

urs looks cool :D check out mine plz

diablo735 (author)2008-12-15

Out of curiosity (this lack of curiosity may kill the cat. :P), anyways, I am not sure whether you should or must drill the hole for the tire valve stem where the pipe and end cap meet or it does not matter? Thanks for the reply(-ies) in advance.

matthewbeckler (author)diablo7352008-12-16

I've never had a problem with putting the tire value stem in the middle of the the end cap, but some people suggest drilling the hole where the end cap overlaps with the pipe.

imthatguy1125 (author)2008-11-19

I would not use it in snow cold weather weakens pipe

Dr. Explosion (author)2008-07-23

The valve you used makes the coolest noise! You should try modding it to be manual for more power, if you don't know what i'm talking about, search "mod a sprinkler valve" on youtube. I don't know if it would work on your type of valve though.

DYLEGO (author)Dr. Explosion2008-11-10

actually, with 27volts it has more power than manually, also you press a button and it fires!

About This Instructable

Bio: If you need to get in touch, please email me instead of sending an instructables message. matthew dot beckler at gmail dot com
More by matthewbeckler:Laser cut desk name plateConvert old electric toothbrush to plug-inYe Olde Chain Maille Rings
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PrivatBank looted of at least $5.5bn by owners, claims Kroll report

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Ukraine’s consumer price inflation (CPI) ticked up in 2017 to 13.7% compared with 12.4% in 2016, as expected after the government doubled the minimum wage earlier in the year.

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Ukraine’s civil society slated a draft law to establish an independent anti-corruption law submitted to parliament by Ukraine’s President Petro Poroshenko that could result in international donors cutting off their aid to the embattled country.

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A UK court has slapped a worldwide freeze on $2.5bn worth of assets of Ukraine’s most powerful oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky and his business partner Gennadiy Bogolyubov

Ukraine GDP grew 2.1% y/y in July-September

bne IntelliNews December 20, 2017

Ukraine's real GDP grew 2.1% year-on-year in July-September, which is in line with previously released numbers, the Ukrstat state statistics agency in Kyiv reported on December 19.

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In June, Zillow.com announced a big expansion and “improvement” of its real estate database. More listings! More accurate information! This would be a bigger and better Zillow!

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Your Domain LLC
12808 Gran Bay Parkway, West
Jacksonville FL 32258
United States

This page last updated on Wednesday, 17-January-2018


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Recent presentations

Speakers at branch events often make their presentations available for members who would like to view them or were unable to make the event. Presentations, photos and summaries from recent events are detailed below.

2017 presentations

Dunedin. Dr John Penno, co-founder, CEO, and Managing Director of Synlait Group, spoke at the Christmas function on the topic “boards adding export value for the business and growing the New Zealand economy”.

Otago Southland Fellows and their partners attended the annual Fellows’ dinner at Carrick Winery, Bannockburn. We were delighted to welcome the IoD’s President, Liz Coutts, and her husband Roger along to the event.

Stuart McLauchlan, Chair of Scott Technology, and Rob Hewett, Chair of Silver Fern Farms Ltd, spoke at a Dunedin event on the topic “Board dynamics when an overseas investor takes a seat at the table”.

At an event in Queenstown in October, Paul Brainerd outlined the challenges and opportunities of creating a “triple bottom-line” business from scratch. Paul and his wife Debbi purchased the Glenorchy Holiday Park and Campground in 2014. Engaging the local community in a planning process has led to what is now known as The Headwaters.

Our October event in Dunedin was on the topic “Business beyond the bottom line”. Lani Evans and Casey Davies- Bell presented on outline how some local organisations are taking up the challenge to champion sustainability in their organisations. The session included a presentation by Felicity Caird on the IoD’s recently updated Four Pillars of Governance Best Practice for New Zealand Directors that has a new section on sustainability.

Alliance Group Ltd Director, Vanessa Stoddart, spoke at our September event in Invercargill on the topic “Diversity: the art of thinking independently together”.

At the annual Governance Wisdom Breakfast, experienced directors met with new and aspiring directors and worked through a case study. The session was facilitated by Graham Crombie and we were delighted to welcome along members of the Dunedin Young Professionals Group to this event.

A panel comprising Dr Jenny McMahon, Steve Silvey, and Simon Berry presented on the topic of “First Boards – working on the business vs in the business”. Simon spoke about the experience of a family business that has appointed independent directors and an independent board chair, Jenny outlined what it is like for a director sitting on a first board, and Steve talked about the decision process business owners go through when considering whether the time is right to establish a board and how to go about it.

At a very well attended lunch in Queenstown at the end of August, a high calibre panel of presenters spoke on the topic “Working together: the board’s key to success”. The panel comprised Mayor Jim Boult, Justine Smyth and Alison Gerry.

We were delighted to welcome Suzanne Snively, Chair of Transparency International New Zealand, to present at a lunch event in August. Suzanne spoke on the topic of freedom from corruption, a national treasure in New Zealand and what you can do to protect it.

View Suzanne's presentation:
Good Governance: Preventing Corruption, Protecting Integrity and Prosperity

Otago Southland branch welcomed Rt Hon Bill English, Prime Minister, to present to members at a breakfast event in early August. The Prime Minister spoke about his present views on the challenges and opportunities facing New Zealand in the future – both globally and locally.

Our July event was held live in Dunedin and by video to simultaneous events at venues in Queenstown and Invercargill. The winner of the Emerging Director Award was announced and Lauren Semple spoke on the topic “is any governance role a good role?”.

An evening event was held on 6 June at Dunedin International Airport where CEO Richard Roberts delivered an energetic presentation on organisational culture.

A luncheon was held on 22 May in Wanaka and the IoD’s President, Michael Stiassny, spoke on the topic “Dilemma of a director in 2017: what keeps you awake?” Michael delivered a thought provoking presentation that scanned the horizon to consider a range of emerging issues for directors. He challenged directors to test to see if they are doing their job - developing and driving strategy in a rapidly changing environment.

Otago Southland branch hosted a panel event on 15 May on ‘health and safety: tips for directors’. This was a practical presentation and sharing of experience, and the audience heard about some recent cases and many took away tips to apply at their next board meeting.

If you are interested in learning more, the Advanced Health and Safety course is being held in Dunedin, 10 August. Click the link below.

Advanced Health and Safety Governance

At a breakfast function in Dunedin on 4 April IoD’s Governance Leadership Centre Manager, Felicity Caird, spoke on artificial intelligence and digital leadership.

On 4 April a panel presentation was held in Invercargill discussing how good governance can contribute to the success of our schools.

An evening event was held in Queenstown on 21 March with Chief Executive of Queenstown Airport presenting on the role of the board in infrastructure planning. Mr Michael Walker was presented with a Chartered Membership certificate at the event.

The Branch AGM was held on 15 March at an event in Dunedin. Following the formal part of the evening, ASB’s Chief Risk Officer, Kevin McDonald, presented on the topic “Digital Risk – everyone is talking about it but what are you doing”. Kevin provided a framework around which Directors might consider digital risk in their organisations. Representatives from Scott Technology Ltd and Delta Utility Services Ltd outlined some of the types of digital risks they encounter and how they manage these.

Otago Southland branch met for its first event of 2017 on 8 February with over 100 attending an event that was held live in Dunedin and by video to simultaneous events in Queenstown and Invercargill. The speaker was Ryman Healthcare’s Chair, Dr David Kerr, on ‘Ryman Healthcare’s success and other governance experiences’.

A new member lunch was held in Dunedin during February. The Branch Chair, Geoff Thomas, presented about the IoD and then Tony Allison outlined his thoughtful approach to developing his governance career and how the IoD has helped him along the way. It was great to see such enthusiasm from the wonderful new members who attended.

2016 presentations

Otago Southland’s final event of the year was a Christmas function at The Dunedin Club on 13 December. A large crowd of members attended to hear HW Richardson Group’s CEO present on the topic ‘work, life and risk – a balance is essential’. Brent outlined his varied background and how he has approached risk over the course of his life and in business. It was a fitting topic for reflection at the end of the year.

PHARMAC’s Chief Executive, Steffan Crausaz, spoke at an event in Dunedin in November. Steffan spoke on the topic ‘Culture and the delivery of value: impacts of the management/governance interface’ and the event was well attended by directors in the health sector.

Tony Carter is the Chair of Air New Zealand Ltd, and Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, and also has governance roles with a number of other organisations. He spoke to a Queenstown luncheon event on the board’s role in setting organisational culture on 14 November.

The Otago Southland branch 2016 Fellows’ dinner was held in Bannockburn and we were delighted to be joined by the IoD’s CEO, Simon Arcus. Stan Duncan was presented with a Distinguished Fellowship award at this event.

Paul Poteete from Aura Information Services, and Steve Walsh from Marsh New Zealand presented at a Dunedin evening event on the topic ‘information security – more battlefield than business?’

Jason Franklin, Chief Executive of PowerNet, presented to an evening event in Invercargill about the role of the Chief Executive and the board /management relationship. Jason outlined the complex ownership and governance structure that PowerNet operates within.

Otago Southland branch co-hosted an event on 14 October with the University of Otago’s Centre for Organisational Performance Measurement and Management that examined the question “were directors asleep at the wheel and are they awake now?”. A panel of presenters included Professor Paul Mather (Head of La Trobe Business School), Colin Magee (Financial Markets Authority), Michael Stiassny (President of IoD) and Jan Dawson (Professional Director).

The Governance Wisdom breakfast was held on 27 September. New and aspiring directors, including members of the Dunedin Young Professionals group, were seated alongside experienced directors. A case study formed the basis for discussion on the topic of Governance Appointments. This examined the issues boards should consider when making appointments, as well as what aspiring directors should consider before accepting an appointment and as they develop their governance careers. The willingness of our experienced directors to participate and share their knowledge is greatly appreciated.

A luncheon event on diversity around the board table was held on 6 September. This included presentations by Jo Cribb, CEO Ministry for Women on gender diversity; Hamish Walker on age diversity; and Malcolm Wong on ethnic diversity. An engaging discussion followed the panellists’ presentations.

Otago Southland branch members took a bus for a site visit to Port Otago in August. Port Otago’s CEO, Geoff Plunket, was compere for the tour of the Port and then he presented on the topic ‘health and safety in action’. Geoff was joined by Port Otago’s Chair, David Faulkner.

The July event was held in Dunedin and by video to simultaneous events in Invercargill and Queenstown. The speaker was Sarah Ottrey on ‘value creation – yours and the shareholders you represent’. The winner of the 2016 Otago Southland Emerging Director Award was announced at the event – this year’s winner is Professor Richard Barker, and the runner-up is Jared Collie. Read more.

In early June the Director of the National Cyber Policy Office (NCPO), Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Paul Ash, spoke at a luncheon in Dunedin on the topic 'your country needs you: economic wellbeing, cyber security, and the role of the director'. Paul's presentation no doubt sparked some boardroom discussions on the board's role around cyber security.

Then in mid-June a series of events were held across the country, including in Dunedin, Invercargill, and Queenstown on 'monitoring what matters in health and safety'. Presenters from the IoD were joined by Fancois Barton from the Business Leaders' Health and Safety Forum, and some local business leaders who shared examples of the health and safety governance journey within their own organisations. Well over 100 attended the events in this region.

In May, there was a panel presentation in Invercargill on governance of agribusiness during difficult times. One attendee reportedly said it was the best $55.00 he had spent in a long time coming along to that event. The panel was very well qualified to give advice on the topic and comprised Ivan Lines, Phil Stevenson, Ray Parker, and Bill Baylis.

Graham Crombie spoke to a well-attended event in Dunedin in May. Amongst his other roles, Graham is deputy commission for the Southern DHB and also Chairs Dunedin City Holdings Ltd. Graham structured his presentation around the topic 'governance of public sector organisations in  Otago Southland' and provided attendees with an insight into some of the governance issues and challenges in the public sector.

Mike Theelen, the recently appointed CEO of Queenstown Lakes District Council gave a presentation to our Queenstown event in April. Mike provided some great insight into governance in the local body sector and how management can support councillors to fulfil their governance responsibilities.

The Branch co-hosted (with Otago Branch, Chartered Accountants Australia New Zealand) a panel presentation on Governance of Schools. The panel comprised Tony Sycamore, Barry Dorking, Kathy Grant, Whetu Cormick, and Mike Hawken.

15 March event with David Faulkner
The Annual General Meeting was held in Dunedin on 15 March and then David Faulkner, Chair of Port Otago Ltd and former Managing Director of Fulton Hogan Ltd, spoke about how difference ownership structures impact on governance.

Marsh Ltd sponsored an event in Queenstown and Frederic Boles, Marsh New Zealand’s General Manager Financial and Professional Liability (FINPRO) spoke on the topic ‘Directors’ roles and responsibilities in mitigating cyber risks’

Our Wanaka event was held at the end of March and Scott Gilmour, Chair of the ‘I Have a Dream Charitable Trust’ spoke about how he he applied a commercial business model to the governance, strategy and operations of the Trust – an approach that is not always embraced in the charitable sector environmen

Monday 22 February - New Members lunch
New members attedned a lunch function with committee members from the Otago Branch. The Branch Chair, Geoff Thomas, delivered an about the IoD presentation. This was followed by a presentation by Chartered Member, Tony Allison, who outlined his membership experience from completing the Governance Development Programme, to winning the Emerging Director Award, a placement through the Future Directors programme, to formalised board appointments.

Monday 15 February
We had a presentation by Simon Arcus and Stuart McLauchlan on governance issues on the radar for 2016 and how directors are responding to the issues already. This event was held live in Dunedin and by skype to simultaneous events in Invercargill and Queenstown.

2015 presentations

2 December - Christmas cocktail function
Otago Southland Branch members met for a Christmas cocktail function on 2 December. The speaker was Mark Verbiest, Chair of Spark, who spoke on ‘the board’s role in talent strategy’. Mark was presented with a Chartered Fellowship at the event.

10 November 2015 - Jen Rolfe event
Many boards are grappling with questions around the changing role of marketing in organisations that are being transformed by technology changes and the rise of social media. What does marketing actually do today? Where should it sit within an organization?  How does marketing shape and support the culture of an organization? Jen Rolfe discussed the role of marketing in today's organisations: what directors need to know.

28 October: Function with Christopher Luxon

Air New Zealand’s CEO joined Otago Southland branch members at a luncheon in October and spoke on the topic ‘Strategy setting: the role of the board and the CEO’.

23 October: Queenstown function with Mai Chen
Otago Southland branch met in Queenstown for a cocktail function on the Friday leading into Labour Weekend. The speaker was Mark Quickfall, Chairman of Skyline Enterprises Ltd, and Mark spoke about governance of that organisation. The event was very well attended by our Queenstown members.

25 September: Otago Southalnd Branch Fellows' Dinner - Bannockburn

Our Fellows and Chartered Fellows and their partners met for dinner at Carrick Winery, Bannockburn. These gatherings provide the opporutnity for our most senior directors to develop and renew networks across the region.

16 September, evening function with Melissa Clark-Reynolds
Melissa presented about creating a cohesive strategy in a global digital economy to our Otago Southland members and guests. She discussed how the global digital economy affects every business, and how there are opportunities for businesses where boards embrace the digital era as a core part of business strategy.

Governance Wisdom BreakfastGovernance Wisdom BreakfastGovernance Wisdom Breakfast
14 August, Dunedin breakfast function
The Governance Wisdom Breakfast was fully booked well ahead of the day and provided the opportunity for aspiring directors to meet with our experienced directors and learn from their governance experience. Facilitated by our CEO, Simon Arcus, the group worked through a case study that contained a number of issues that directors need to consider. We were pleased to welcome a large number of members of the Dunedin Young Professionals group to this event.

Cocktail functionCocktail functionCocktail function
19 August, Dunedin cocktail function
The topic of governance of scientific research: governing in an environment of discovery. Panellists, Mr Tony Offen, Dr Peter Fennessy, Dr Stephen Sowerby, and Dr Peter Dearden, outlined how they encounter and deal with the tension between good governance that can facilitate and benefit the work being completed by our local scientists while also ensuring scientists are provided with the freedom required to explore and discover. A robust discussion followed.

20 July 2015
On 20 July, Otago Southland branch held simultaneous events at three venues across the region and connected by video to announce and present the winner of its 2015 Emerging Director Award. Richard Thomas was attending at the Queenstown venue and was presented with this year’s award, with Hetty Van Hale the runner-up.

The speaker for the evening, Rachel Farrant, spoke about the development of her own governance career and how having a mentor has assisted her.

29 June 2015
Otago Southland branch held a lunch event with a panel presenting about ‘the governance dynamics of online businesses’. The panel included Scott Mason, Chair of Education Perfect Ltd and Innovative Learning LLC; Ryan Baker, CEO and Director of Timely; Joe Morrison, CEO of The Tarn Group; and Enoch Elwell from Chattanooga Co.Starters. The panel talked about start-ups, the progression from no board to advisory board to full board, particular issues facing online businesses, especially the rapid pace of change, and the opportunities that will be provided to this area by Gigatown.

Institute of Directors 2015 National AGM 15 June
The IoD 2015 National AGM was held in Dunedin this year, with the Hon Peter Hodson presenting innovation and the future and implciations for boards. If you would like a copy of the IoD 2014 annual report please email our membership team.

28 May 2015
The event was attended by around 50 members and guests and the speaker was Rob Everett, CEO of the Financial Markets Authority. Rob gave an excellent presentation on the topic ‘Directors’ duties: enduring principles, perennial questions’. He was accompanied by Simone Robbers, Head of the FMA’s Primary Regulatory Operations. More information and the speech notes are available from FMA.

20 May 2015
Rob Hewett, chairman of Silver Fern Farms Ltd, invited our Otago Southland members on a site visit to Silver Fern Farm's new corporate office in Dunedin.

12 May 2015
Co-hosted with Otago office of Chartered Accountants Australia New Zealand, at which four presenters from KPMG delivered the findings of the KPMG Global Audit Committee Survey.

29 April
Greg Doone recently presented to our members how directors need to dance with the digital natives.

2 April 2015
Fifty-five Otago Southland branch member and guests met at a branch event in Wanaka on the Thursday evening leading into the Easter weekend. The speaker was Jonathan Wallis, son of Sir Tim and Lady Wallis. Jonathan is the Managing Director of the Alpine Group which interests in aviation, tourism, pastoral farming, primary processing and exports.In addition, Jonathan looks after Minaret Station on the west of Lake Wanaka. Jonathan spoke about governance within this family group of companies in which four brothers are directors along with an independent chair. There were 55 members and guests in attendance.

25 March 2015
Otago Southland branch held their AGM this evening.  Mr Alan McKenzie was presented with his Chartered Fellow certificate. After the AGM was conducted, guest speaker Mr Terry Davies, CEO of Dunedin Venues Management Ltd, spoke on 'governance from the perspective of the CEO'. The Chairmans report can be read here, and our branch committee can be viewed here

Governance in farming enterprises: getting it right.
Panellists: Tony Clelan, Kevin Cooney, Tim Black and Ross Cottier.
A panel discussion was held in Invercargill to discuss the role of governance in farming business.  The presenters highlighted the benefits to be found from good governance of farming enterprises.

New members lunch function
Our branch chairman, Geoff Thomas, welcomed our new members and presented about the IoD. This was followed by an inspirational presentation by the 2013 winner of the Upstart Director Award, Mark Berryman, who outlined the governance structure of his company. New members had the opportunity to meet with our branch committee members, network with members, and find out more of what IoD can offer.

Dunedin function: on the radar with Acting Ceo of IoD, Mr Simon Arcus
Dunedin fuction with the IoD's acting CEO, Mr Simon Arcus, presented about governance issues that are "on the radar", and Dr Lisa Docherty, Registrar from IoD, presented the chartered membership pathway and continuing professional development.

2014 presentations

4 December 2014
Christmas cocktail function with guest speaker Chris White. Chris White is the Director Commercial Operations Group for the New Zealand Treasury. He spoke on the topic ‘Independence, partnership and performance: Maximising value from the Crown’s assets.

Delegates of the Queenstown Governance Development Programme (GDP)

19 November 2014
Cocktail function with guest speaker Rob Everett, Chief Executive of the Financial Markets Authority. Rob spoke on the topic ‘Directors – a regulator’s perspective on the current New Zealand landscape’.

13 November 2014
Event with guest speaker Wayne Evans and awards for Chartered Fellowships to Scott O’Donnell, Neil Boniface, Doug Fraser, and Maryann Macpherson

24 October 2014
Fellows dinner at Carrick Winery, Bannockburn

22 October 2014
The Otago Southland Branch hosted a cocktail function on 22 October with guest speaker Stuart Walker who spoke on corporate, non-for-profit and trust governance – the changing legal risks. There were three Chartered Fellowships awarded on the night to Stephen Thompson, Kathy Grant, and Susie Johnstone.

3 October 2014
On 3 October the Otago Southland Branch held a cocktail function with guest speaker Peter Wardell. Peter's presentation was on the topic of 'Governance, planning and management of international sports teams: what happens behind the scenes?'. There were six Chartered Fellow awards presented on the night. The recipients of the awards were Jane Taylor, Duncan Fea, Cameron McCulloch, Ken Matthews, Murray Donald, Tony Butson.

20 August 2014
On 20 August, the Otago Southland Branch hosted a Governance Wisdom Breakfast facilitated by Simon Arcus and various experienced directors participating. Attendees included new and aspiring directors, and were provided the opportunity to hear the governance wisdom of some of our experienced directors. The discussion was centred around a two-part case study.

6 August 2014
On Wednesday 6 August, the Otago Southland Branch hosted a site visit to AbascusBio with guest speakers Dr Anna Campbell and Dr Tim Byrne who spoke on the topic of 'making science practical'. At the event, Errol Millar was presented with his Fellowship certificate.

Chris Hopkins and Geoff ThomasClaire Ramsay and Geoff ThomasDavid Shaw Norcombe Baker and Martin Dippie
23 July 2014
Otago Southland branch held an event in Dunedin on 23 July. The event was simultaneoulsy delivered via video to a gathering of Southland members in Invercargill. The winner of the 2014 Otago Southland Aspiring Director Award was announced as Clare Kearney, and the runner-up place was awarded to Paul Moodie. A Fellows Certificate was presented to Chris Hopkins, and then Martin Dippie, Chairman Mitre10 NZ, spoke on the topic ‘herding cats with good governance is a pretty big job’. Martin outlined the Mitre10 NZ story and discussed some of the governance issues involved in the cooperative structure.

Frances Martin and Geoff ThomasGeoff Thomas and Graham CrombiePeter Beirne Nathan Packer and William Whittaker
The Business Leaders' Health and Safety Forum Contractor Initiative - The Leadership Challenge was held in Dunedin, Invercargill and Queenstown. This important initiative aims to help reduce workplace deaths and injuries among New Zealand contractors.

Amelia Needs, Carol Melville, and Hannah HarlandClare Kearney and Russell McGeorgeLesley Paris and Geoff Thomas
12 June 2014
Otago Southland Branch delivered the third in its series of Not-for-profit Passion and Purpose events at The Dunedin Club on 12 June. A panel of local presenters spoke about governing different types of not-for-profit organisations and then Carol Melville from the Otago Community Trust provided some helpful information about funding. John Gallaher presented about his experience governing sporting organisations, Dr Jenny McMahon, President NZ Red Cross, spoke about governing in the charitable sector, and Russell McGeorge, Chairman Central Otago Health Services Ltd, spoke about governance of a community owned health organization. These events have been very well received by local NFP organisations.

Bridget and FrancesDame RoseanneDame Roseanne and Geoff Thomas
9 May 2014
Otago Southland branch was most grateful to Dame Rosanne Meo for her presentation at its 9 May luncheon in Dunedin. Dame Rosanne gave an inspiring presentation outlining the development of her own governance career and including some sound advice for aspiring directors.

Diana Hudson and Noel DavieMichelle Read and Ngaire Dixon
Otago Southland Branch held the second in the series of three ‘not-for-profit passion and purpose’ events in May. John McGill presented about what motivates CEOs in the NFP sector, challenges of working in the sector and the implications of those challenges. Then, Diana Hudson gave a very practical presentation for directors about general employment issues, noting the importance of developing and recording the delegations to the CEO. She included discussion about the relationship between the Chair and the CEO, evaluations, and conflict resolution.

Adam Feeley, now Chief Executive Queenstown Lakes District Council, spoke from the perspective of his former role as CEO of the Serious Fraud Office on the topic ‘how directors can mitigate the risk of fraud in their organisations’. The scale of fraud and some of the telltale signs were focused on in Adam’s presentation.

Otago Southland branch held the first in a series of three events in its ‘not-for-profit passion and purpose’ series. IoD President, Stuart McLauchlan, spoke about the IoDs Four Pillars of Governance Best Practice and Sir Ronald Scott provided an account of his experiences governing some of this country’s most significant sporting and cultural organisations. The event was well attended by those governing local not-for-profit organisations and will be followed up with further events on 7 May and 12 June.

Otago Southland branch held a function at the new ILT Stadium Southland (Invercargill) in March. The speaker was Mr Rick Christie on the topic ‘New Zealand business leadership in the 21st century: Why innovation matters’. Rick outlined the various approaches New Zealand has tried to improve innovation in business and went on to discuss diversity of skills around the board table and some specific questions boards could ask about technology.

At the Otago Southland branch AGM in March, Dr Sue Bidrose, Chief Executive Dunedin City Council spoke on the topic ‘an overview of the changing nature of your council’. Sue engaged particularly well with the audience and outlined the challenges faced and progress made by the Dunedin City Council over recent years.

In March, Otago Southland branch held an event in Wanaka with guest speaker Mark Weldon, former CEO NZX Ltd. Mark spoke about ensuring there is a balance between risk and return, the importance of establishing strategy, and the role of the board in establishing the culture and values in an organization. This was a well-attended and most enjoyable event.

At a February branch luncheon, Otago Southland branch heard from Peter Bodeker, Chief Executive Otago Regional Council. Peter outlined some of the issues that boards need to consider from the perspective of a CEO.


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Meet some of our past writing guests!

Leslie Jamison (is an American novelist and essayist. Her work has been published in Best New American Voices 2008A Public Space, and Black Warrior ReviewThe Empathy Exams, an essay collection published by Graywolf Press, debuted in April 2014 at no. 11 on the New York Times bestseller list. The book received wide acclaim from critics, with The New York Times writer Olivia Lang saying, "It’s hard to imagine a stronger, more thoughtful voice emerging this year.Originally from Los Angeles, she attended Harvard University and the Iowa Writers' Workshop

Hope Edelman is the author of six nonfiction books, including the bestsellers Motherless Daughters, Motherless Mothers, and The Possibility of Everything. Her books have been published in 17 countries and 11 languages and have almost a million copies in print. Her articles, essays and reviews have appeared in numerous publications, including the New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, the Los Angeles Times, The Huffington Post, Glamour, Child, Self, Real Simple, and Writer’s Digest.

Michele Morano is the author of the travel memoir Grammar Lessons: Translating a Life in Spain. Her work has appeared in many journals and anthologies, including Best American Essays and I'll Tell You Mine: Thirty years of Essays from the Iowa Nonfiction Writing Program. She directs the graduate program in writing and publishing at DePaul University in Chicago.

Allison Bechdel is an American cartoonist. Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, Slate, McSweeney’s, The New York Times Book Review, and Granta. She won a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2012, and in 2014 was named a MacArthur Fellow.

Piedad Bonnett Vélez is a Colombian poet, playwright and novelist of international acclaim. She is the winner of the Poetry National Prize from the Colombian Institute of Culture and one of Colombia's most beloved writers.


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International Polka Association Appoints New Trustee

DannyZ1       Texas Native to Represent Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico

 Since the establishment of the IPA Polka Music Hall of Fame and annual Music Awards presentations back in 1968, eleven trustees have governed the processes that select Hall of Fame (HOF) inductees and recognize polka artists with awards.  Each trustee is appointed by the IPA president, with the concurrence of the Executive Board, and oversees fourteen other electors chosen to represent a given geographic area of the United States and Canada.  These 165 electors participate in the annual voting that elects HOF inductees and music award winners.

To better serve a large portion of the U.S. and its diversity of polka styles, the Executive Board recently approved the recommendation of the Polka Music Hall of Fame and Music Awards Committee to establish a new trustee position to represent Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.  This additional position brings the number of trustees up to twelve, which will in turn increase the number of national electors to 180.  To fill the new trustee position, the Executive Board chose Danny Zapletal, one of several qualified candidates identified by the committee.  Danny  “Z” is an Ennis, Texas native who has been involved with the Ennis National Polka Festival for many years.  He was appointed vice-president in 1992, president in 1993, and has served as the festival’s executive director since 2000.  He is the host of two polka shows broadcast in both Texas and Wisconsin.  As a trumpet player, Danny joined the Texas Dutchmen back in 1980 and now leads and performs with the Czech and Then Some band.  He also owns a recording studio where most of the polka bands from northern Texas record.  Danny is proud and knowledgeable of his Czech heritage but is also familiar with all polka styles.  The IPA welcomes Danny to its academy of electors and looks forward to leveraging his knowledge in serving the polka industry at large.

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As U.S. Exits Iraq, “Endgame” in Afghanistan Remains Elusive

Barbara Slavin

WASHINGTON, Nov 1 2011 (IPS) - Washington’s failure to gain Iraqi approval for a significant U.S. military presence in that country beyond December could make it harder for Afghanistan to agree to a similar deployment beyond 2014.

A U.S. Army Special Forces Soldier in Shah Wali Kot District, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Credit:  Staff Sgt. Jeremy D. Crisp/U.S. Army/CC by 2.0

A U.S. Army Special Forces Soldier in Shah Wali Kot District, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Credit: Staff Sgt. Jeremy D. Crisp/U.S. Army/CC by 2.0

Vali Nasr, a former senior adviser to the State Department on Afghanistan and Pakistan, said the Iraq experience could be a “model” for Afghanistan. “Nobody thought the U.S. could go completely out (of Iraq),” he told IPS Tuesday. “Now they have.”

Frank Ruggiero, the deputy special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, told IPS, “I’m not aware of a spillover” from the Iraq negotiations, which foundered over Iraqi refusal to grant U.S. forces immunity from local prosecution.

But he acknowledged that negotiations on a so-called strategic framework between the U.S. and the government of Afghan President Hamid Karzai are not proceeding quickly. He said that the Afghans are focusing on issues such as U.S. night raids and detention practices rather than the question of how many U.S. forces remain in the country long-term.

Nasr and Ruggiero spoke on the sidelines of a symposium at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars that posed the question of whether there is “a regional endgame” for the decade-old U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. Participants, who included the former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, were subdued in their assessments, noting that Afghanistan’s neighbours have different priorities and have already begun to hedge their behaviour in anticipation of a U.S. withdrawal.

The Barack Obama administration is hoping that regional representatives, meeting Wednesday in Istanbul, will sign onto a series of principles declaring “full respect for Afghan sovereignty and territory”, according to a State Department official who briefed reporters Monday and asked not to be named.

The official said that diplomats are also being asked to endorse a gradual transition from U.S. security leadership to Afghan control, a political solution to the war and a so-called “New Silk Road” vision for regional economic prosperity.

Such declarations cannot paper over the real challenges Afghanistan faces in trying to build a stable future in an unsettled neighbourhood.

Kissinger, speaking in his distinctive German-accented rumbling baritone, said that U.S. administrations historically have gotten into wars with “objectives beyond the capacity of the U.S. domestic consensus required to support and implement” them. In Afghanistan’s case, he said, this included implanting a government “whose writ ran all over the country” and that would “represent some fundamental democratic principles such as women’s rights and education”.

Afghanistan, he said, “is a particularly difficult country to attempt this because it isn’t really a state (but) a nation that comes together primarily to expel foreigners.”

U.S. hopes to “win” the war are unrealistic, Kissinger suggested, given Pakistan’s harbouring of Taliban fighters. “I know of no guerrilla war that was won when there were sanctuaries within reach,” he said.

He said the Obama administration should postpone major troop withdrawals as long as possible to maintain maximum leverage and should warn the neighbours that if they do not cooperate as the U.S. withdraws, “You’ll have to take the consequences on your own.” However, Afghanistan’s two key neighbours – Pakistan and Iran – appear to prefer those consequences to a continued U.S. military presence on their borders.

Iran has sent arms to the Taliban and cultivated an economic relationship with India that will allow both to trade with Afghanistan and Central Asia by circumventing Pakistan.

Pakistan, meanwhile, is harbouring the Afghan militants with the most U.S. blood on their hands – the Haqqani network said to be responsible for a series of spectacular attacks in Kabul including attacks on the Intercontinental Hotel and U.S. embassy and a weekend suicide bombing that killed a dozen U.S. soldiers.

A story in the New York Times on Tuesday quoted unnamed Western analysts as saying that senior members of the Haqqani family – including brothers and children of patriarch Jalaluddin Haqqani – had been spotted recently in Islamabad. Given that Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden was found and killed by U.S. forces in May in a nearby resort for retired military, Abbotabad, a senior Haqqani presence in the Pakistani capital would suggest that the Pakistani government is actively aiding the enemies of the United States while accepting billions in U.S. military and economic aid.

Charges that Pakistan’s intelligence services, the ISI, were working with the Haqqani network first surfaced publicly in September when outgoing chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Michael Mullin, told Congress that the Taliban leadership known as the Quetta Shura and the Haqqanis “operate from Pakistan with impunity… attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as U.S. soldiers”. Mullin went on to call the Haqqani network “a strategic arm” of the ISI.

The Obama administration subsequently tried a softer approach. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton led a high-profile inter- agency delegation to Pakistan last month which urged Pakistani officials to cooperate with the U.S. in reining in the Haqqanis and bringing them to the negotiating table. That visit preceded last weekend’s suicide bombing.

Nasr, who left the State Department earlier this year, said that U.S. relations with “the two countries that are really important – Iran and Pakistan” – had steadily worsened while the U.S. had the best relations with the countries “that matter the least” in terms of Afghanistan’s long-term future.

Iran and the United States are at odds over multiple issues, including Iran’s nuclear programme and support for terrorism.

Anti-U.S. sentiment in Pakistan is at historic highs since the killing of bin Laden. Politician and former cricket star Imran Khan attracted over 100,000 people to a recent rally in Lahore at which he said that Pakistan would not allow itself to be “enslaved” by the United States and attack Pakistani militants at U.S. bidding.

Pakistan and Iran “are very happy to help us leave but they are not necessarily going to support our vision for Afghanistan which includes (a continued U.S. military) footprint,” Nasr told the Wilson Center audience.

U.S. officials have spoken of leaving 20,000-25,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan beyond 2014 to shore up the Afghan government and continue counter-terrorism operations against Al-Qaeda and its Pakistani allies. However, the appetite for the war has waned as U.S. casualties rise beyond 1,800 killed and 15,000 wounded.

Kissinger, who served during Republican administrations that first widened the Vietnam War and then ended it through a peace deal that swiftly crumbled in a communist victory, warned against treating the Afghan conflict as a partisan issue.

“What this country really needs is a reconciliation at home,” he said, speaking of the United States. “The national interest of the U.S. doesn’t change” with every election.

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text:
Stories written by Fatemeh Aman

Neighbours View Sharif as Yoked to Personal, National History

Following on Nawaz Sharif’s victory in the May 11 national elections in Pakistan, many analysts are indicating cautious optimism on the prospect that the new prime minister can strengthen bilateral relations with the country’s neighbours, particularly India.

For Iran and Pakistan, Energy Trumps Enmity

Iran appears to be putting its immediate economic and strategic needs ahead of religious solidarity as it seeks to promote ties with neighbouring Pakistan.


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Charting interactions between dolphins and people
Irish Dolphins - Interactions between dolphins and people.  Including Fungie the Dingle Dolphin
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James McAvoy is best actor of his generation, says Wim Wenders

Director Wim Wenders has hailed James McAvoy as the “best actor of his generation”.

The three-time Oscar nominee, who directed Buena Vista Social Club, said on Sunday the Briton landed the role in his latest film Submergence because of his extraordinary talent.

Speaking at the movie’s world premiere at Toronto International Film Festival, the Paris, Texas director told the Press Association: “I think he is the best actor of his generation.

Wim Wenders
Paris, Texas director Wim Wenders (Ian West/PA)

“He’s able to totally immerse in the project. He gave everything.

“He remained himself very much and also gave his part his whole heart and his imagination.”

McAvoy, 38, plays a spy who falls in love with a deep-sea researcher, played by Oscar-winner Alicia Vikander, but their jobs force them apart.

The film, based on a book by British former war correspondent JM Ledgard, sees McAvoy’s character kidnapped by Al-Shabab in Somalia.

McAvoy said he took on the role out of a desire to play a “grown-up love story”.

“The film has got a whole environmental aspect to it which is topical and the film also has a focus on terrorism in Europe, particularly, and with Al-Shabab in Somalia as well,” he added.

More in this Section

Enrique Iglesias and Anna Kournikova share first shots of baby twins

Matt Damon: I should have listened more before speaking about harassment

EastEnders fans celebrate return of Dot Cotton

Alec Baldwin: Disavowal of Woody Allen is unfair and sad

Hopefully she had an idea...

Power of the press: Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks discuss 'The Post'

What to expect from Call The Midwife

More From The Irish Examiner


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Gallery Home

Photo Album

This is my photo album of friends, family and events. You will find photos of my handfasting ceremony, trips, conventions and much more.

I-Con 2003

I-Con 2003

If meeting Rowena or purchasing autographed artwork is one of your goals, then I-Con is the convention to visit. She always has an area in the merchants room, selling prints and original paintings. She is one of my many inspirations.

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Backdoor Locked for White House Devices

Tuesday, January 26, 2016 @ 04:01 PM gHale

A backdoor was in the firmware of devices deployed at the White House and in various U.S. military strategic centers.

The backdoor was in the AMX conference room equipment, part of the HARMAN Professional Division, that works very closely with the government sector. Some of its products are at the White House, inside the U.S. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and in various U.S. military bases in Afghanistan. The company has now removed the backdoor.

Firewall Backdoors Still Not Patched
Backdoor Undetected, Until Now
Two Backdoors on Cable Modems
Possible Backdoor on Android Devices

It all started with older versions of the AMX NX-1200, a central controller for conference room equipment, came equipped with a series of backdoors, said researches at SEC Consult.

By analyzing NX-1200’s firmware, researchers discovered a function in its source code called “setUpSubtleUserAccount.”

As you’d probably guessed it, this function’s purpose was to set up a hidden user account which did not appear in the device’s configuration screen.

Looking deeper into how this hidden backdoor code worked, researchers discovered that AMX staff were creating a backdoor account under the BlackWidow username, a reference to one of Marvel’s superheroes.

Because anyone inspecting the device’s firmware could find this hidden account and its password, the presence of this backdoor put owners of an AMX NX-1200 device in danger of a hack attack.

SEC Consult informed AMX of their findings, and the company removed the BlackWidow backdoor account by releasing a firmware update.

At a later inspection from SEC Consult’s researchers, the BlackWidow account did not end up removed, but rather renamed “1MB@tMaN,” with the exact same capabilities.

After three months during which SEC Consult peppered the AMX team with emails and reminders about the danger of leaving a backdoor hidden in their software, on January 20, AMX finally released a firmware update through which it said it removed the second hidden account as well.

In its firmware’s official release notes, AMX said the two accounts were only for debugging purposes.

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Arezzo holiday cottages

Arezzo holiday cottages. Chianti holiday accommodations. Farmhouse with pool and restaurant in the Tuscany countryside of the province of Arezzo. B&b rooms and apartments for rent for charming stays in Tuscany. Tuscany holiday relax. Arezzo farm holidays. Chianti bed & breakfast with pool. Tuscany catered holidays. Chianti holiday cottages for rent. Tuscany holiday nature. Arezzo holiday cottages. Tuscany country accommodations. Agritourism in the province of Arezzo with pool and restaurant. Chianti b&b. Accommodation for farm stays in Tuscany, in the surroundings of Arezzo. Arezzo holiday cottages. Tuscany holiday rooms. Arezzo country holidays. Chianti holiday rentals. Rooms for rent in the surroundings of Arezzo. Tuscany b&b accommodation. Arezzo holiday cottages.


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Hopefully someone here knows the answer, as apparently MS does not (I've seen it asked a few times on their various forums with no answer).

1) If you run the setup.exe from the Network with the precache option, what happens if you then run setup.exe from the network later? My guess is that it will recache, instead of "know" that it's already cached?

2) What happens if you run the setup.exe from the network and something happens (for whatever reason) and the cache isn't completed successfully (ie, PC reboots in the middle of the file copy, etc.) and then you follow the official MS docs that state you run the setup.exe from the LOCAL cache? I am assuming you get an error?

3) In the above scenario, is there a way to ensure that the files are all cached before the install actually kicks off (other than simply running setup.exe from the network without precaching)?
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so that the conversation will remain readable.

All those scenarios would be simple to monitor with a file monitor. If it were me, I'd set up a test environment and - as they say - suck it and see.
Answered 03/25/2009 by: VBScab
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City of Maitland

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Planning & Zoning Commission Meetings
Planning and Zoning Commision Meeting
Thursday, March 17, 2005
City Hall - Council Chambers
7:00 PM

Welcome The Commission welcomes public comment. To ensure that the concerns of all parties are given fair consideration at the appropriate stages of the process, it is important that decorum is maintained. When addressing the Commission, please address all statements to the Chair. Since an audio record is being made of the meeting, individuals addressing the Commission are asked to use the lectern so that the comments may be recorded. In addition, individuals addressing the Commission must provide their name and address for the record. During public hearings, an announcement will be made to open and close the public comment stages of the hearing. Any written statements or other exhibits shall be provided to the staff representative, if desired to be made a part of the meeting record. Your involvement is essential to the process and is appreciated.

1. Call to Order

2. Pledge of Allegiance

3. Roll Call

4. Approval of Minutes from March 3, 2005

5. Public Hearing: Petition No. 2004-06 (AZ) Delroy Park Rezoning
Location: Delroy Park Subdivision
Request: The request for zoning amendment seeks to change the zoning category from RS-1, Single Family Residential District to RS-1A, Single Family Residential District
Applicant: City of Maitland 1776 Independence Lane

6. Public Hearing: Agreement for Redevelopment and Disposition of Property (Uptown Maitland West Project)
Location: The property is located on the east side of U.S. Highway 17-92 and is situated north of George Avenue, in the City of Maitland.
Request: Consider the Draft Agreement for Redevelopment and Disposition of Property commonly known as Uptown Maitland West.
Applicant: BREF/BSP Partners/Maitland LLLP, Suite 200, 250 Park Avenue South, Winter Park, Florida 32789.

7. Public Hearing: Petition No. 2005-01 (AZ)(PD) 800 N. Maitland Avenue, Office Building
Location: The properties are located on the southeastern corner of east Marion Way and north Maitland Avenue.
Request: The applicant requests to change the zoning classification of properties from a zoning category of RS-4 Single-Family Residential District to PD, Planned Development District and to obtain approval of a preliminary development plan in conjunction with the planned development zoning district to build a 17,388 square foot office building.
Applicant: Barry Kalmanson, 500 N. Maitland Avenue, Suite 305, Maitland, Florida 32751

8. Review of Action by City Council on Prior Items

9. Other Business the Commission Deems Advisable

10. Adjournment

Special Assistance In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you are a person with a disability who needs any special accommodation to participate in this proceeding, you are entitled, at no cost to you, to the provision of certain assistance. Please contact the City Clerk’s office at (407) 539-6219, 1776 Independence Lane, Maitland, Florida 32751, forty-eight hours in advance of the meeting; if you are voice or hearing impaired, call 1-800-955-8771.
Appeals Pursuant to Florida Statutes 286.0105, if an individual decides to appeal any decision made by the Planning and Zoning Commission with respect to any matter considered at this meeting, a record of the proceedings will be required and the individual will need to ensure that a verbatim transcript of the proceedings is made, which record includes the testimony and evidence upon which the appeal is based. Such a person must provide a method for recording the proceedings Visit us on-line at:

Archived Agendas and Minutes

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Wednesday, November 24, 2010

Every year I find Thanksgiving to be a time not only for great food and fellowship with family or in our case friends that are like family. But to really think about the things we're blessed by, not just the little oh I'm thankful for my dog (not in my case of course) or my husband, but really and truly grateful for what God has done and is continuing to do in our lives.

I had originally titled this post statistics. I'm consistently leveled by how much we have and how little others have. We are SO rich. SO SO rich. Then I think about no matter what "stuff" we have I'm leveled at the gift of salvation and the lavish love my Father pours out on me.

When I reflect on what my Savior did for me on a tree I'm leveled. He gave His life so I could live in eternity with Him. That's a gift like no other. My gratitude starts there. To my God and King for giving me life. A gift I'll never be able to repay. A life I'm honored and humbled to walk out as His daughter.

Sometimes I think we get lost in the day to day and forget Jesus. We forget what a gift it is to know Him intimately, to be loved by Him perfectly. To rest in that.

When I started my thankful post I got a little side tracked. (I actually started this a few days ago) I got an envelope in the mail. There was money for our adoption made out to Lifesong - I was giddy. I changed our little thermometer to reflect that we were just $25 short of our referral fee.

Then I got an email about another check that had been mailed to Lifesong for us. This tipped the scales and put the thermometer where it is now. I know of two other checks also on their way and I sit here weeping. Our referral fee is covered. We are able to say YES to our daughter without hesitation or worry about money. Thank you to each one of you that have had a part in making this happen. We're so thankful. While we still have big travel expenses to pay we are rejoicing in Gods provision. Today He has covered this expense. I love what Gods word says about not worrying about tomorrow - He cares for even the sparrow - how much more does he care for his children. Each one of us. Again reading in the message version (yes I'm on a roll reading passages I've known for years in the message, makes it interesting and I love it)

If you decide for God, living a life of God-worship, it follows that you don't fuss about what's on the table at mealtimes or whether the clothes in your closet are in fashion. There is far more to your life than the food you put in your stomach, more to your outer appearance than the clothes you hang on your body. Look at the birds, free and unfettered, not tied down to a job description, careless in the care of God. And you count far more to him than birds. Matthew 6:26

As Elisabeth Elliot says so beautifully -

"I have one desire now - to live a life of reckless abandon for the Lord, putting all my energy and strength into it."

To God be the Glory! said...

Thank you Erica. I was saying just moments ago, "I have nothing to wear tomorrow!" Ridiculous I know, but I confess I said it... and not just today but many times over. Love you!

"Thanks be to God for His indescribable gift!" 2 Corinthians 9:15

Connie said...

I think you and I were on the same wavelength today...thinking not only of the stuff we have to be thankful for, but our salvation...just got done posting along those lines at

So glad to hear the referral fee is covered. Happy Thanksgiving my dear friend...hugs to you and all yours.


text:
Murina aurata

Scope: Global
Language: English

Translate page into:

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Animalia Chordata Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae

Scientific Name: Murina aurata Milne-Edwards, 1872
Common Name(s):
English Little Tube-nosed Bat, Tibetan Tube-nosed Bat
Murina aurita Miller, 1907

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published: 2008
Date Assessed: 2008-06-30
Assessor(s): Francis, C., Bates, P., Bumrungsri, S., Francis, N., Csorba, G., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C.
Reviewer(s): Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A. (Chiroptera Red List Authority) & Cox, N. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)
Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
Previously published Red List assessments:

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:This species ranges from northern South Asia, into southern and central China and eastern mainland Southeast Asia. In South Asia it has been recorded from India (Sikkim) and Nepal Himalaya (Mid Western and Western Nepal) (Molur et al. 2002). In China, it has been recorded from Sichuan, Gansu, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Xizang (Smith and Xie 2008). In Southeast Asia there are records from Myanmar, northern Thailand, Lao PDR, Viet Nam and possibly northern Cambodia. In South Asia, it has been recorded from 2,000 to around 4,154 m asl (Molur et al. 2002).
Countries occurrence:
China; India; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam
Additional data:
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2:501-2000
Lower elevation limit (metres):2000
Upper elevation limit (metres):4154
Range Map:Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:In South Asia, the abundance, population size and trends for this species are not known (Molur et al. 2002). In Southeast Asia it is known from only a few specimens (G. Csorba pers. comm.).
Current Population Trend:Unknown
Additional data:
Population severely fragmented:No

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:Little is known overall about the habitat or ecology of this species (Molur et al. 2002). In Sikkim the species was collected at 2,000 m asl in a agricultural area with forest; in Nepal it was collected at 1,154 m asl (Bates and Harrison 1997). In Viet Nam it has been captured in montane primary forest at 1,800 m asl (Borissenko et al. 2003). In Thailand is has been found in montane areas at around 2,000 m asl (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). It is believed to be a tree, or foliage, roosting species (Smith and Xie 2008). This species hunts close to ground (Bates and Harrison 1997).

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s): The threats to this species remain poorly known. It is presumably threatened to some degree by habitat degradation in Southeast Asia. In South Asia the threats to this species remain unknown (Molur et al. 2002).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions: In South Asia, there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas. In Southeast Asia it has been recorded from some protected areas. There is a need for additional studies over the range of this little known species (Molur et al. 2002).

Classifications [top]

1. Forest -> 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
suitability:Suitable  major importance:Yes
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management

In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
  Conservation sites identified:Yes, over entire range
In-Place Species Management
In-Place Education
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

Bibliography [top]

Bates, P.J.J. and Harrison, D.L. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, England, UK.

Borissenko, A. V. and Kruskop, S. V. 2003. Bats of Vietnam and adjacent territories. an identification manual. Geos, Moscow, Russia.

Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S. Hutson, A. M., Bates, P. J. J., Walker, S., Padmapriya, K. and Binupriya, A. R. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organization/CBSG-South Asia, Coimbatore, India.

Smith, A.T. and Xie, Y. 2008. A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Srinivasulu, C., Srinivasulu, B. and Sinha, Y. P. 2012. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of South Asia: Biogeography, diversity, taxonomy and distribution. Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London.

Citation: Francis, C., Bates, P., Bumrungsri, S., Francis, N., Csorba, G., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Murina aurata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T13937A4367202. . Downloaded on 17 January 2018.
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text:
Mammillaria petterssonii

Scope: Global
Language: English

Translate page into:

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae

Scientific Name: Mammillaria petterssonii Hildm.
Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK.
Taxonomic Notes: There is confusion over the identity and taxonomic limits between the hemisphaerical species and this confusion may be reflected in some of the data provided on some of the species concerned.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published: 2017
Date Assessed: 2009-11-18
Assessor(s): Fitz Maurice, B, Sotomayor, M., Fitz Maurice, W.A. & Hernández, H.M.
Reviewer(s): Superina, M. & Goettsch, B.K.
Facilitator/Compiler(s): Hilton-Taylor, C.
This species is widespread and seems to be abundant. Furthermore, it grows in areas where there are no major threats. Hence, it is listed as Least Concern.
Previously published Red List assessments:

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:This species is endemic to Mexico, where it can be found in the states of Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas (Pilbeam 1999, Hernandez et al. 2004). Hunt et al. (2006) do not record it from Durango or San Luis Potosí. It grows at elevations of 1,300 to 2,600 m asl (Pilbeam 1999).

Countries occurrence:
Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
Additional data:
Lower elevation limit (metres):1300
Upper elevation limit (metres):2600
Range Map:Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:Little is known about the population size or trends of this species, but one subpopulation is reported to be relatively abundant and stable, so the same is assumed for the species as a whole (M. Sotomayor pers. comm. 2009)
Current Population Trend:Stable
Additional data:
Population severely fragmented:No

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:This hemispherical species is found growing on rocky slopes in open oak woodland on volcanic soils.

Use and Trade [top]

Use and Trade: This cactus is rarely cultivated as an ornamental, it would only appear in specialist collections.

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s): No major threats are known.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions: This cactus is not known to occur in any protected areas.

Amended [top]

Amended reason: The species distribution map has been added.

Classifications [top]

1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
suitability:Suitable season:resident major importance:Yes

In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
  Occur in at least one PA:No
In-Place Species Management
In-Place Education
  Included in international legislation:Yes
  Subject to any international management/trade controls:Yes
1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats

Bibliography [top]

Hernández, H.M., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C. and Goettsch, B. 2004. Checklist of Chihuahuan Desert Cactaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 9(1): 51-68.

Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK.

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: (Accessed: 12 June 2013).

IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-3. Available at: (Accessed: 7 December 2017).

Pilbeam, J. 1999. Mammillaria. Cirio Publishing Services, Southampton.

Citation: Fitz Maurice, B, Sotomayor, M., Fitz Maurice, W.A. & Hernández, H.M. 2017. Mammillaria petterssonii (amended version of 2013 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T152236A121527930. . Downloaded on 17 January 2018.
Disclaimer: To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
Feedback: If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided