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View Full Version : Does 6800 ultra extreme run at 1.4 or 1.5?

09-20-04, 08:02 PM
The reason I am asking this is because I am currently running my albatron 6800 ultra at 450/1200 with 1.5v. I am wondering if it is safe to do so. So far no problems at all and no artifacting. After running rthdribl for 2 hours the temps peaked at 83C. The card runs idle at around 50C. The only thing that causes artifacts is shadermark 2.1. Even with the card at stock artifacts occur. heh. blah blah has anyone had a card skew up on them yet. I do not want of course its not safe the O/C :rolleyes: .

ps. There has probably been a thread like this before. I remember some people saying 1.5v and some saying 1.4v just wanted to clarify it.

09-20-04, 08:10 PM
You should just crank it to 600/1400 already.

09-20-04, 08:15 PM
sick of these threads I know. :)

09-20-04, 08:41 PM
its 1.5 for the ultra extreme dude.
Im runnin with the 2.4 overvolt with pencil mod. If your temps are good you should be fine. Ive had mine this way for over 2 months.

09-20-04, 09:26 PM
sick of these threads I know. :)

heh, i'm just giving you hard time. i hope i tell someone dumb enough to do this to do it and they fry their card.

09-20-04, 10:29 PM
The EVGA 6800Ultra extreme Bios that I have is just 1.4v and run at 450/1200

09-20-04, 10:30 PM
The bios runs either at 1.4v or 1.5v, that I'm sure of.


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Old 06-18-09, 10:11 PM   #1
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Default America's Army 3 Devs Canned

The Emeryville, California based development studio responsible for America's Army 3 has been shut down, according to details forwarded to Kotaku by former staffers. That closing comes one day after the U.S. Army funded simulation officially shipped.

According to ex-AA3 developers, the contract studio responsible for the latest America's Army entry was shuttered due to a lack of funds, with future development allegedly moving to an unnamed Alabama-based developer. The newest game in the publicly funded series is experiencing some growing pains, as one can likely glean from the game's official support forums.

The anonymous America's Army 3 developers in touch with Kotaku unsurprisingly didn't sound too pleased with the current situation, venting that "a lot of good people [worked] insanely long hours on this game that was butchered by outside sources."

We've contacted reps from America's Army public relations team to confirm the news.
Apparently still a rumor since it hasn't been confirmed yet.
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Old 11-20-10, 10:47 PM   #13
Ninja Prime
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Default Re: Dual GF110 GTX 595 Pic

Originally Posted by JasonPC View Post
Would be kind of bad if nvidia couldn't get a reference dual gpu card down to a 6-pin and an 8-pin. I just don't see them releasing that as a reference design.
Not to mention it won't make PCI-E spec.

My guess is its fake, but I guess it could be something like Asus's MARS or something, a limited run rediculously expensive product.
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Old 09-15-05, 08:23 PM   #1
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Default NVidia should STOP supporting Linux

I've been a Linux user for 13 years. I had always avoided nvidia graphics cards because of the binary only drivers. I finally broke down and decided to give the card a try. But my Linux computer uses a kernel with Xen compiled in, a virtualization technology that lets my one computer run a number of different instances of Linux (and soon, Windows once the next generation of Intel and AMD chips with Pacifica virtualization technology are available) which allows me to consolidate a bunch of different servers into one box and make much better use of the hardware. It's more like a mainframe with efficient resource sharing. And the nvidia binary drivers won't work under a Xen kernel. I found this out after a day of trying to get the nvidia drivers to compile a custom interface for my kernel. I talked to the Xen developers and they confirmed my worst fears: It's just not going to work. If these drivers were distributed with the rest of the kernel like everything else this would have been a piece of cake. I have just returned from the store where I returned my Nvidia card. I should have known better than to think binary kernel modules would work out. I wish nvidia would either just GPL the drivers (it's the hardware that makes them money anyway isn't it?) or stop supporting Linux altogether so people would stop wasting time trying to get this stuff working because unless you have anything other than the simplest of systems it's going to drive you nuts. I know I'll never give nvidia another try until the driver problem is properly fixed.
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Tour of The World

Event occured on Fri, May 10 2013, 3:30 pm - 5:30 pm CDT

Registration deadline is May 6 for students 5 to 9 years old will go on a journey to explore the British culture through art and literacy May 10. First time passport travelers will receive a passport to collect stamps and stickers. If you've already taken a "Passport" workshop please bring your passport with you and continue to fill it with new stamps and stickers. Students will learn about British culture and art, taste some British cuisine and take a special field trip to the new Crown Point library to explore England through literacy based activities. Please arrive on time to the art center as we will all walk over to the library together to begin the workshop and it will end back at the art center. Class is limited to 15 students.

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Storm tears off roofs, leaves thousands without power, uproots 100-year-old trees

2012-07-24T15:45:00Z 2012-07-25T07:38:05Z Storm tears off roofs, leaves thousands without power, uproots 100-year-old treesTimes Staff
July 24, 2012 3:45 pm  •

Tens of thousands of region customers lost power in Tuesday morning storms, and utility representatives said service may not be restored for several days.

NIPSCO reported about 23,000 customers without power as of about 9:30 p.m. Tuesday, with Gary, Hammond, Munster and Valparaiso having the most outages.

NIPSCO officials said repair work is likely to take place over the next several days because of the extent of the damage. At the peak of the storm, more than 77,000 customers were affected.

"This is the most extensive damage we've seen in recent years," Kathleen Szot, spokeswoman for NIPSCO, said Tuesday afternoon.

Szot said crews were working to assess the damage but may not have a clear picture of restoration times until Wednesday morning.

Wednesday's forecast calls for a high of 99 degrees, with a 20 percent chance of thunderstorms during the day and 40 percent chance at night, according to the National Weather Service.

Szot said this storm's damage is more extensive than others recently not because of the number of customers impacted but because of the number of individual poles, lines and other pieces of equipment that were damaged.

Customers can check for outages and estimated restoration times on NIPSCO's website,

NIPSCO representatives will be at Merrillville Town Hall, 7820 Broadway, from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. Wednesday to answer questions about restoration efforts for region residents, said Eddie Melton, communications and community relations manager at NIPSCO.

Kankakee Valley REMC reported 1,903 customers were still without power about 9:30 p.m. Tuesday, down from 15,000 at the height of the storm.

Amanda Steeb, spokeswoman for Kankakee Valley REMC, said it is possible some customers could be without power until Thursday.

ComEd reported 28,583 customers without power in Cook and Will counties as of about 9:30 p.m. ComEd customers can check outages at

The storms also caused extensive damage and sometimes dangerous situations for region residents.

Stephen Kellogg, of Valparaiso, narrowly missed being crushed by a falling tree.

Kellogg was leaving for work during the storm, pulled away from the curb and heard debris hit the roof of his car near Michigan Avenue and Institute Street near the city's downtown. In his rearview mirror, he saw the maple tree from his yard smash his brother’s Toyota Corolla, which was parked directly behind him.

The storms and power outages also caused failures to several traffic signals on major roads in the region, causing traffic delays during the morning rush.

Merrillville Town Council President Shawn Pettit was especially concerned about traffic signals that weren't operating at the U.S. 30 and Broadway and 80th Place and Broadway intersections.

He said he traveled through those intersections several times Tuesday and he almost was in a crash each time.

Police Chief Joseph Petruch said those signals are operated by INDOT and calls regarding traffic problems there have been referred to Indiana State Police.

Wind sheared the roof off a building and whipped it onto U.S. 30, bringing traffic to a halt. Nobody was hurt, witnesses said. The building houses a CarQuest Auto Parts store and an Affordable Fireworks store with two apartments upstairs.

CarQuest employee Rich McConnell said the roof was lying on U.S. 30 when he got to work about 7:45 a.m. Large strips of metal roofing material had been moved to the building parking lot by about 9:30 a.m. Downed lines cut power to the building.

Building owner Al Hansen said he'd been on his way to Minnesota for vacation and turned back when his son called with news the roof was gone.

"I've never seen anything like it," said Hansen, who has owned the building since 1970. Damage to the building and the two businesses was being assessed, Hansen said. A temporary roof was to be installed.

In Griffith, three large oak trees fell in Central Park, with one uprooted tree falling on and damaging a portion of the war memorial.

“We’ll be here today and tomorrow cleaning up. We have the Northwest Indiana Symphony coming here to play on Friday,” Griffith Parks Department's Al Markut said. “We don’t have saws big enough to cut up these trees. We’re going to need help.”

In Hammond, areas along Indianapolis Boulevard, 173rd Street and Kennedy Avenue took a direct hit from the storm, with transformers and power lines rendered useless in a flash and trees planted more than a century ago upended.

Damage to trees and power lines was extensive in Munster, said Bev Parish, administrative assistant in the Munster Public Works Department.

“All our employees are out in the field trying to unblock streets where trees fell,” she said.

Times staff writers Lauri Harvey Keagle and Chas Reilly and correspondent Lu Ann Franklin contributed to this report.

Copyright 2014 All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Queens, NY, August 17, 2011NYS Senator Joseph P. Addabbo, Jr., City Council Member Elizabeth S. Crowley, NYS Assemblymen Andrew Hevesi and Michael Miller gathered concerned residents, long-suffering trackside homeowners, and community organizations from Middle Village and Glendale to a town hall-style meeting at PS 128 on the evening of August 16. Their joint plan/agreement with the rail companies was unveiled to alleviate the excessive traffic, noise and undesirable odors caused by outgoing freight trains in Middle Village.

    Currently, freight trains carrying municipal solid waste are left idling while their brakes are pressurized at a hook-up northeast of 69th Place. The site is located directly nearby PS 128, a highly populated residential area and many small businesses – all of which have to deal with frequent noise disturbances and foul smells emanating from the idling trains.

    Through the combined efforts of Senator Joe Addabbo, Assemblymen Andrew Hevesi and Mike Miller, Assemblywoman Marge Markey and NYC Council Member Elizabeth S. Crowley, numerous important negotiations were agreed upon by the Department of Transportation and CSX Freight Corporation, including the installation of two new hook-up sites located farther back from the current stop.

    The primary hook-up would be relocated approximately 600 feet back, off of 69th Street, near All Faiths Cemetery, where the freight cars’ impact will be much less disturbing to constituents. A secondary hook-up, which will be utilized when the trains are operating at maximum capacity, would be installed northeast of 69th Place, about 450 feet from the current site.

    This plan would require the Department of Transportation to install lights underneath the 69th Place overpass, so that workers could safely perform maintenance at all times. All other costs are expected to be relatively low, given the simple, albeit effective, solution to this problem.

    Reacting to the agreement reached last night, Senator Addabbo explains, “I appreciate all the residents who came to the town hall meeting in order to work with the area’s elected officials on addressing their concerns regarding railroad activity adjacent to their homes and allowing us to progress forward on a plan that will alleviate the noise and odor issues for many. The residents at the town hall meeting participated in a productive discussion of the issues we elected officials must deal with for their well being.”

    “The concerns caused by the CSX and NY & Atlantic Railroad activity and the daily problems my residents witness have been some of the most frustrating issues my staff and I have worked on to find some answers. We have worked many hours to provide the immediate relief our people have asked for and deserve. I know that we must continue to address many other issues that relate to the railroad in the future.”

    Notes City Council Member Crowley, "Residents at 69th Place have dealt with the unbearable noise and foul smells caused by these freight trains for too long. This plan will provide a short-term solution and relief to a very complex problem. The 850 families of PS 128 and members of the community deserve a plan that ensures their safety at all times, which is why we will continue to work with CSX and NY & Atlantic to come up with the most agreeable solution possible.”

    Assemblyman Miller says, “It was good to see first-hand the Middle Village community express openly  all the issues that are important to them. And, it is so personally gratifying that the community liked the two solutions we offered at the meeting. I look forward to a swift resolution for the long-suffering homeowners who’ve had so many sleepless nights.”

    Assemblyman Hevesi agrees, “For the first time in several years community residents, leaders, and elected officials have agreed to take a significant first step toward alleviating serious quality of life and health concerns in our community. We will continue to work diligently until we achieve our shared goals."

    The plan to move the hook-up location is an important short-term step to provide relief to residents who have lived with a rumbling freight train next to their homes. There are still issues relating to freight rail in the community and this is not the end of the conversation with the rail companies. Elected officials will continue the ongoing dialogue with the community, rail companies and government agencies to make sure the movement of freight rail is safe, quiet and clean.

    # # #


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Edition: U.S. / Global

Published: March 30, 1987

INTERNATIONAL A2-9 An Israeli will give up a promotion because of the problems it had caused between Israel and the United States. The Israeli, an air force officer, is accused of recruiting an American intelligence analyst as a spy. Page A1 Israel's Herut Party elected a chairman, Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, who urged the 2,000 Herut convention delegates to fight any attempt to force Israel to relinquish the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. A9 In Siberia, remains of labor camps were shown to Western reporters. The Kolyma camps were where prisoners of the Stalin era were housed between their shifts at hard labor. A1 Margaret Thatcher's Soviet visit is a ''historic mission'' for peace, she said. But the British Prime Minister's first full day in the country had the tone and trappings of an election campaign at home. A8 An emigration plan for Soviet Jews will send emigres to Israel by way of Rumania, making it more difficult for them to settle in Europe or the United States instead, said an American rabbi who said he had negotiated the new procedure. A8 The Pope beatified five people in a move that could revive old disputes in Spain. Three of the five were Carmelite nuns who were executed in one of the most vicious phases of the Spanish Civil War. A7 News analysis: Andreas Papandreou faced down what was depicted in Greece as an American-backed threat from Turkey. But he traded short-term domestic political gains for long-term economic and diplomatic liabilities. A2 In Haiti, voter turnout was huge and political leaders and American observers said the voting seemed overwhelmingly in favor of a new constitution that promises freedom from past tyrannies. A3 P. W. Botha has begun his campaign for election with charges about the source of his opponents' funds and an excursion into the territory of his far-right rivals. A whites-only election is on May 6. A3 Japan is seen as an unfair trader by many in Washington, who resent that the world's second-largest economy exports everywhere but is reluctant to open its own markets. D1 News analysis: Chip dispute D11 NATIONAL A10-17, B6 The U.S. dollar plunged further against the yen today, at one point hitting a record low of 144.70 yen in the Tokyo foreign exchange market. This was the lowest since modern exchange rates were set in the late 1940's. A1 The President lobbied vigorously over the weekend to sustain his veto of an $88 billion highway and mass transit bill that would also allow states to raise the speed limit to 65 miles per hour on rural Interstates. A1 A Marine guard's conflicting stories about how he became entangled with a Soviet agent at the American Embassy in Moscow were told to investigators in three seperate interviews last year. The guard is accused of espionage. A1 Electrical power during nuclear war could be generated by several hundred small nuclear reactors that the Air Force is considering building, say Air Force, Department of Energy, Congressional and industry officials. A13 Protecting Nebraska's Platte River is the aim of an Audubon Society campaign. Conservationists say sandhill cranes are threatened by plans to divert the river for municipal and agricultural use. A10 The Supreme Court's senior liberal, William J. Brennan Jr., has written or assigned the majority opinions in all five of this term's most important decisions. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist has consistently dissented. A10 The move off welfare and into a job is being made easier for people who live in Massachusetts, Michigan and about 22 other states that have been experimenting with intensive counseling, education and training programs. A14 Was a snowwoman obscene, art or just a pile of snow? Milwaukee's Chief Prosecutor will consider the question as he decides whether to try a woman for taking her ax to a snow sculpture of a woman in a bikini. A11 WASHINGTON TALK A16 The N.S.C. under Carlucci Reagan laughs last at a roasting REGIONAL B1-5 A look at 2 New York high schools, John F. Kennedy High School in the Bronx and suburban New Rochelle High School, reveals that racial and ethnic divisions remain. New Rochelle's schools superintendent says the high school is desegregated, ''but I'm not sure if it fulfills the ideal of an integrated school. I'm not sure the ideal of an integrated school exists in our country today.'' A1 An Arturo Toscanini collection of scores, letters, recordings and memorabilia that has been inaccessible since 1970 has been acquired by the New York Public Library under an agreement concluded last December. A1 Foster-care will not be withdrawn this summer, John Cardinal O'Connor said, setting aside his threat to stop Roman Catholic group services because a Federal court has requires that teen-agers be given birth control and abortion services. The Cardinal plans a court appeal. B1 Tuberculosis among homeless men in New York City is a rapidly growing problem, health officials say. The outbreak is so serious that last summer the city began sending health workers into the shelters to deliver medication. B1 A trash-energy plant was destroyed in Westbury, L.I. It had stood unused for seven years. A new, $350 million incineration plant is to be built on the site on Meadowbrook Parkway. B2 Some S.I. landowners protested a move by the State Department of Environmental Conservation to designate their property as wetlands. The landowners fear the action will block their rights to build there. B2 Briefs in Rubin Carter case filed B3


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Edition: U.S. / Global

Talking: Mortgages; New Rules On Tax Deductions

Published: February 14, 1988

Those who intend to buy a vacation home that would raise the total mortgage debt on a first and second home to more than $1 million, or are buying a primary residence needing more than $1 million in financing, will be limited by the Federal Government on the total loan amount eligible for tax deductions.

This change is among several important modifications to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 that were approved last December as the Revenue Act of 1987.

Other changes affecting home buyers or homeowners include a $100,000 limit on the amount of an equity loan that is tax deductible and the elimination of the medical and educational exemptions that had applied to such loans.

In addition, people buying a house with cash in anticipation of eventually placing a mortgage on the property may no longer have that option if the intention was for the mortgage interest to qualify as tax deductible.

Moreover, because of new language in the law, it is doubtful whether the interest costs on a bridge loan would qualify either.

First, the $1 million limit. Robert Grossman, who is a tax lawyer in Washington and was a senior trial attorney for the Internal Revenue Service, said that before the December changes there was no limit on the amount of mortgage interest that was tax deductible, provided those costs had been incurred in the purchase of a first or second residence.

Now, however, people can claim tax deductions only for the part of the financing that is under $1 million. Anything over this sum will no longer be eligible. Property bought before Oct. 13, 1987, will not be affected by the changes. Moreover, the limitation does not apply to any tax filing for 1987.

Since the limitation represents the aggregate amount now available to each taxpayer or to joint taxpayers, the measure could have a significant effect, for example, on anyone who bought a home with a $900,000 mortgage two years ago and is about to buy a vacation home this spring with a $500,000 mortgage (total indebtedness: $1.4 million).

Such a person, Mr. Grossman said, would no longer qualify for a tax deduction on the interest costs on the final $400,000 of that amount, losing a deduction worth around $3,600 a month. This situation, Mr. Grossman said, is not uncommon in the Northeast, where house prices are high and many people are buying second homes.

The limit, he said, should also be carefully considered by property owners intending to make major home improvements since the language in the new law is highly specific, referring to debt incurred ''in acquiring, constructing or substantially improving'' a home.

For example, anyone who bought a deteriorated house with a $800,000 mortgage and budgeted an additional $400,000 for renovations could lift himself over the $1 million limit.

Martin Shenkman, a tax lawyer in Manhattan, said the phrase ''acquiring, constructing or substantially improving'' should act as a red flag for people eager to make an all-cash deal on a home with the thought of mortgaging the property later if they need the liquidity.

People who have heavy cash assets but a limited income often opt for an all-cash deal. So do buyers who are able to obtain a sizable discount from the seller if they agree not to include a mortgage contingency in the contract.

''But now the trouble is that if you took out a mortgage six months later, it would be hard to argue that it was part of the intention in the original purchase transaction,'' Mr. Shenkman warned. ''The deductibility would still apply only if that mortgage was taken out around the time of closing because you could then show it had always been part of your strategy for the deal.''

The equity loan situation has also changed. At the time of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 the interest on an equity loan was fully tax-deductible, provided the amount did not exceed the original purchase price of the home plus the cost of any improvements. Exemptions were made for loans taken to finance education or medical expenses incurred by the property owner or dependents.

That old rule made it tough for anyone who had bought a home many years ago, since the purchase price was likely to have been relatively low, leaving the person at a disadvantage compared with a neighbor who might have bought a few years later. It also required extensive documentation if the money was being put toward medical or educational expenses.

Those variables have been eliminated and everyone is permitted tax deductible interest on any amount up to $100,000, regardless of how the money is used.

''But we are warning our clients to be very careful not to let it encourage them to get in over their heads,'' said Jacob R. Brandzel of Laventhol & Horwath, accounting and real estate advisers in Philadelphia.

The question of a bridge loan is more complex. The new language says that to qualify as tax deductible a loan must be secured by the home being bought. However, a bridge loan is usually a personal line of credit or is secured by the equity in an old home.

So only the part that represents up to $100,000 in temporary equity financing secured by the old home may be considered tax deductible, Mr. Shenkman said.

He foresees a correction of this anomaly when the I.R.S. issues guidelines for the new regulations later in the year.

''Bridge loans are clearly not an abusive situation,'' he said, adding that they could be considered a necessary part of a home purchase transaction under the new statute.

For people thinking of refinancing in a few years, the changes also bring into question the desirability of taking advantage of the newer 15-year or twice-a-month mortgages.

The modifications now limit tax deductibility to the remaining principal on the mortgage, not the original amount. And these type of loans pay down the principal much faster.

But, Mr. Grossman said, this drawback should be carefully weighed against the real cost of longer-term borrowing and the added advantage for many homeowners of building up equity in a home more speedily. Besides, Mr. Brandzel said, tax deductibility should be less of a concern now that the top tax rate is 33 percent rather than 50 percent.


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Edition: U.S. / Global

Published: July 3, 1988
(Page 3 of 4)

Such socially established figures as Marylou Whitney and Marife Hernandez, Paul Hallingby's previous wife, also make use of publicists. Mrs. Whitney's consultant, Budd Calisch, informs the press about her parties, while Ms. Hernandez, a former State Department chief of protocol in New York, uses a P.R. man to promote such worthy projects as voter registration. ''P.R. people are like the old-fashioned aunts and grandmothers who used to introduce people to their friends,'' she says.

The most overt employers of social advisers are businessmen and professionals, some of them already well-known, some new to the scene, who cater to the carriage trade. Budd Calisch also represents Moet & Chandon's Count Frederic Chandon, and the count's wife, Camilla, whose names appear on the committees of many benefits to which Moet donates champagne. Lewis Ufland, the publicist who worked on the A.B.T. gala, does unpaid ''favors'' for Gerald Imber, a cosmetic surgeon. His frequent appearances on the social circuit are at the request of patients, Dr. Imber insists. ''They invite me,'' says the physician, who is also involved in Nouvelle Society's favorite sport, polo. (He captains a team.) ''It's very hard to differentiate between patients and friends.''

Elaine Yugler, a British-born jewelry designer, retained Ober to arrange her first business cocktail party, which lasted three days, with guests invited in shifts. It was the Ober firm that introduced her to Claus von Bulow's then-girlfriend Andrea Reynolds, who modelled her jewelry and enabled her to score that crucial breakthrough: an invitation to the salon of Alice Mason, the Manhattan real estate broker.

Ms. Mason packs in more social, media and political heavy hitters at her salons than a White House state dinner. And like state dinners, they get written up. Suzy, who is invariably among the guests, has been a faithful Boswell, with her glowing bulletins enhancing the soirees' allure. ''Alice Mason's network is extremely important to me,'' says Mrs. Yugler. ''Barbara Walters was there one night I was there, Andrea, Claus, Donald Trump - and Suzy, of course.''

Donald Trump has recently become the cynosure of the social scene with his purchase of Mar-a-Lago, the former Marjorie Merriweather Post estate in Palm Beach. ''The hottest people, success people, they all want to come and see this incredible house,'' he says. For the exclusive Mar-a-Lago house party last March that indelibly changed his image, he flew a clutch of New Yorkers, including the society jewelry designer Kenneth Jay Lane, the multimillionaire Milton Petries and Suzy, to Florida on his Boeing 727. The Prince of Wales and ex-King Constantine of Greece showed up for tea. As a souvenir for each guest, Mr. Trump distributed a brochure about Mar-a-Lago. Based on a book Mrs. Post had had compiled about the spread, it was embossed with Donald and Ivana Trumps' names in 18-karat gold.

Two other couples have also made their imprint with magnificent parties that showcase their possessions: the Saul Steinbergs and Henry R. Kravis and his wife, the fashion designer Carolyne Roehm. Both the male partners in these social teams had rather jagged resumes for the drawing room. Steinberg used to be a corporate raider, and Kravis is a leveraged buyout impresario. Both acquired museum-quality art collections and became generous benefactors of the Metropolitan Museum, which is getting a $10 million contribution toward a Henry R. Kravis wing.

Supporting ''the arts'' gave these businessmen social profiles of a sort, but it was their wives who applied the finishing touches. Gayfryd Steinberg became Saul Steinberg's third wife after the dissolution of his previous marriage was luridly chronicled in the gossip columns. The media, however, soon had a new topic at which to marvel: Mrs. Steinberg's sparky jamborees for PEN American Center. She was recruited by Norman Mailer, then president of the writers' organization, who had met her at a ladies' lunch. He'd been in search of some social powerhouses to fund-raise for the 48th International PEN Congress in 1986.

Mrs. Steinberg's kick-off effort was a cocktail party in her 34-room triplex. After the congress, she continued to toil on behalf of literature, corraling the glitterati to meet the literati at American PEN's first-ever large-scale benefits. Guests at this year's $750-a-ticket dinner included the Robert Trumps, Barbara Walters and the Rohatyns. They were seated at tables hosted by such writers as Allen Ginsberg, Erica Jong, Jerzy Kosinski and - who else? - Tom Wolfe.

PEN isn't the Steinbergs' only cause. Like the Rohatyns and other wealthy couples, they have also ''adopted'' an elementary school class in a low-income neighborhood. Ms. Roehm and the Trumps also have their charities. Ivana Trump, for example, recently chaired a gala for the American Cancer Society. ''For people who want to make it, the Metropolitan Museum is considered the most prestigious cause,'' says Judith Price, president of Avenue magazine. ''Among the diseases, it's cancer - and even AIDS has its play this year.''


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Edition: U.S. / Global

INTERNATIONAL REPORT; Cathay's Fate Is Tied to Hong Kong

By SHERYL WuDUNN, Special to the New York Times
Published: January 16, 1989

Decades ago this crossroads in the Orient made a fortune for a handful of shipowners. Now Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. is betting billions of dollars in new planes that the territory will do the same for an airline.

Carriers like Japan Air Lines and United Airlines have benefited enormously in the last few years from the economic growth and surge in travel in the Pacific region. Cathay Pacific itself enjoyed a 71 percent increase in profits in 1987, and with a strategic hub in Hong Kong its potential for growth is enormous.

But Cathay also faces a challenge that no other airline in the world does: the specter of 1997, when Hong Kong reverts to China's jurisdiction. The situation poses risks and opportunity for all of Hong Kong, but it is sharply dramatized for the airline because Cathay cannot easily relocate.

''Our traffic rights are like our blood,'' said Peter D. A. Sutch, managing director of Cathay Pacific.'' They depend on us being in Hong Kong.'' Capacity Is Strained

The uncertain future notwithstanding, business is booming at the moment, with passengers suffering from the inconvenience that comes with strained capacity. Airports are crowded, ticket holders are bumped off their flights, and business executives are frequently forced to delay travel plans for want of seats.

The result is grumbling passengers and the risk of damage to a carrier's reputation. Passenger-load factors, which measure the percentage of paying passengers in seats, are as high as 80 percent this year for Cathay and a handful of other regional airlines. In the United States, a load factor of 60 percent is highly regarded.

''There's a black market for tickets,'' said Helmut Sohmen, managing director of Hongkong Dragon Airlines Ltd, which began flying from a Hong Kong hub in 1985. ''And there is an equipment shortage.''

The increase in traffic also means more competition for Cathay, and not just from Dragon Airlines. ''The competition will increase because in Asia there are a lot of regional airlines, for example in Taiwan and China, that want to go international,'' said Robert C. P. Yang, acting general manager for the Hong Kong office of Singapore Airlines. Bidding on Pacific Routes

Singapore Airlines plans to buy 14 Boeing 747-400's and three Airbus Industrie A310-300's between now and 1992. In the next four years, United Airlines will take delivery on 15 Boeing 747-400's, all for the Pacific region. Other United States-based airlines that do not fly to Asia are bidding for routes to Australia and other Pacific destinations.

Cathay Pacific, which began in 1946 with $30,000 in capital and a flight on a refurbished military transport plane from Shanghai to Sydney, is considered by industry experts to be one of the most efficient operations in the business. Its debt ratios are higher than some of its competitors, but since going public more than two years ago it has sustained double-digit growth.

Hong Kong has about 5.8 million residents, and 3.8 million visitors arrived here by air in the first 10 months of 1988, according to the Hong Kong Tourist Association. Cathay, with its web of routes throughout Asia and to major cities in Europe and North America, carried more than 30 percent of the visitors in 1987. That year, profits soared 71.4 percent,to $241 million. Analysts do not expect the company to repeat such results, given Cathay's plans to expand its fleet in the next few years. But considering the strong market - the tally of visitors to Hong Kong in 1988 is expected to run nearly 25 percent ahead of 1987 - some experts are forecasting company growth of 15 percent to 20 percent this year. Ambitious Plans

Cathay's plans to add capacity are the airline's most ambitious yet. In 1988, it added four planes, costing about $167 million, to a fleet of 25 aircraft, and it has plans to buy another 11 aircraft by the end of 1990, including six Boeing 747-400 models, for about $878 million. Cathay's fleet of Boeing 747-400's is expected to expand through options to buy four Boeing aircraft in each of the next three years and three in the two years thereafter.

In 1994, it will begin replacing its fleet of 16 to 18 Tristar planes with 12 new aircraft at a cost estimated at $85 million each, plus options on 12 more. By 1996, Cathay could have 60 to 65 planes in its fleet, after spending about $5 billion in less than a decade.

In the past, the airline expanded by buying bigger planes. But now it is buying many more planes, which means it will be bumping up against capacity limits at Hong Kong's only airport.

Cathay will also need more aircraft simulators to train more pilots, at a time when other airlines are competing heavily for pilots. Since Hong Kong has no military academies or pilot-training schools and suffers from an acute labor shortage, Cathay recruits pilots in Britain, Australia and New Zealand.

With fuel costs dropping, some analysts say Cathay's total cost for personnel, which they estimate at about $218 million, was its biggest single expense in 1987. Cathay says training costs in 1989 are expected to be triple the 1988 total. 'Trying to Keep Pace'

''We're just trying to keep pace,'' said Richard T. Stirland, deputy director of Cathay Pacific.

Cathay's expansion plans will also be influenced by the arrangements negotiated between the Government in Hong Kong and other countries over allocation of landing rights. Some analysts have argued that Cathay has not used its landing rights to best advantage. The airline has unused rights in Haiwaii, and in Los Angeles and other West Coast cities, but it says it wants to stay out of the trans-Pacific battle, even though its nonstop long-haul routes have been highly successful.

''We've tended to be conservative,'' Mr. Stirland said. Cathay's route expansion plans call for more flights in its own region, as well as increased service to Europe and Canada.

Cathay is carefully watching the market in China, not only for opportunity, but also for signs of trouble when Hong Kong reverts to China in 1997. Although China tightly regulates its routes, Cathay wants to carry more passengers than it currently does to China through Hong Kong.

China is already far from generous with its landing rights and will have even more power in negotiations with the Hong Kong Government after 1997. The risk is that it will squeeze Cathay out to make room for its own airlines. China's Muscle

''China will have more muscle,'' said Carlton Poon, research director at James Capel (Far East) Ltd. ''But China has a lot invested in Hong Kong.'' In fact, since early 1987, Cathay has been 12.5 percent owned by an investment company controlled by the Government in Beijing.

The Sino-British Joint Declaration, which outlines the policies and principles for the Basic Law that will govern Hong Kong for at least 50 years after 1997, provides for Hong Kong's airlines to continue operation as they do now. Few investment analysts say there is a risk that the Basic Law will not be honored.

But they acknowledge that there is a risk that Hong Kong itself will not prosper under the new arrangement. A rising emigration rate may be one symptom of the future. If Hong Kong does not prosper as a center of trade or tourism, Cathay will obviously suffer, too.

But ''If China continues to adopt an open-door policy, and its economy and infrastructure continue to grow, then with Hong Kong serving as a strategic post into China, Cathay would continue to benefit,'' said Stephen Leung, an investment analyst at County NatWest Securities Asia Ltd.''

Graph of Cathay's planes on order (source: Cathay Pacific Airways) (NYT)


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SPORTS OF THE TIMES; Dante to Cobb to Rehnquist

By Ira Berkow
Published: July 17, 1989

ONE day some scholar, maybe even one from Yale with a white beard and a graceful command of the language, will recall this period in baseball as a coda to ''The Divine Comedy.'' A period in which a red-capped national hero is dragged, justifiably or no, through an earthly version of Hell and Purgatory - that is, through local courts, state courts and Federal courts. Whether he will end up in Heaven, with Dante, or the Hall of Fame, with Ty Cobb, or in the Supreme Court of the United States, with Chief Justice William Rehnquist, only time will tell.

This week the tale resumes, as the lawyers for Pete Rose answer a claim filed with a Federal judge in Columbus, Ohio by lawyers for Major League Baseball and Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti. The jurist, John D. Holschuh, will determine whether the case moves back to a state court in Cincinnati, Rose's home field, as Rose's attorneys wish, or remains in Federal court, the desired province of baseball's barristers.

The mind reels back to 10 days ago in a windowless room in Flushing where Pete Rose, in his white baseball underwear and shower shoes, sitting in the manager's office before his Reds team played the Mets that night, was keeping score of a card game between two of his coaches, Dave Bristol and Tommy Helms.

Everything seems to have a connection to the Pete Rose case. Although he was not betting directly, he was keeping a tally sheet. There was good-natured arguing. Helms said he was owed 67 cents. Bristol: ''You'd cheat in a New York second.'' All three laughed.

The phone rang. One is reminded of the voluminous phone calls, dealing with gambling with bookmakers, detailed in the 225-page report of Rose compiled by John Dowd, the special investigator for Giamatti. Rose picked up the phone. ''Clubhouse,'' he said. He listened. ''He's not here yet.'' He hung up. Shortly, the card game broke up. Rose was alone with a sportswriter and a tabloid newspaper on a nearby chair. The headline read: ''Pete, Meet Val.''

''What does that mean!'' Rose said, throwing up his hands. ''What does that mean? I don't know. I wouldn't even buy the paper.''

The story was about how a bookmaker called Val, whose real name is Richard Troy, supposedly took bets from a one-time friend of Rose's, Paul Janszen, now a chief accuser of Rose. This is supposed to be part of the case that Rose bet on baseball and on the Reds.

''I don't know the guy,'' Rose said. ''I never heard of the guy, and all I know about it is there is not one word in it that says I bet on baseball.''

Rose looked with defiance, straight at the sportswriter.

''Pete,'' the sportswriter said, ''you know that most of the people in this country believe you're guilty.''

''They haven't heard my side of it,'' he said. ''They will.''

''But anyone reading Dowd's report,'' the reporter said, ''has to be impressed with the amount of circumstantial evidence. For instance, all those phone calls, day after day, that go, 'Reds play home game against the Dodgers at 2:05. At 12:41, Janszen calls Rose. The call lasts one minute. At 12:53, Janszen calls Peters. Call lasts five minutes.' And there are the calls from your home or your suite on the road to Peters.''

''Peters'' is Ron Peters, a former bookmaker in the Cincinnati area who said Rose bet with him on baseball, and, like Janszen, was recently convicted of drug trafficking.

''First of all,'' Rose said, ''those conversations to the clubhouse aren't recorded. Maybe he didn't get through to me. He could have been on the line for a minute, and hung up. We could have talked about where to eat that night. As for those other calls, I had given Janszen and his girlfriend access to my house. They were there a lot. And any calls to Peters from my phone were always made when Janszen was around.''

It seems incredible, too, that even if Rose weren't having Janszen bet for him, that he didn't know Janszen was betting on baseball. ''He didn't make those calls in my presence,'' Rose said.

Why hasn't Rose resigned his position as manager? Doesn't he think his predicament has hurt the slumping team's concentration?

''When we win, people say it's the players,'' he said. ''When we lose, they say it's the investigation. I think injuries to key players have hurt, and the race isn't over yet. If I did quit, it would be like admitting guilt. And I'm not guilty.''

Was it true he'd lost hair from worry?

He lowered his head to show the back of it. ''I'm 48,'' he said, ''and I got a little bald spot. But I'm not losin' hair, I'm not losin' sleep, I'm just losin' money on lawyers' fees.''


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Reasons Leads Giants With 11 Tackles

By THOMAS GEORGE, Special to The New York Times
Published: December 11, 1989

Two consecutive losses had provided a jolt that Gary Reasons said no Giant could ignore. Reasons, a sixth-year linebacker, readily conceded his part in those losses, to the San Francisco 49ers and the Philadelphia Eagles. Reasons said he had missed too many reads on defense. He said he had missed too many tackles.

The Giants' coach, Bill Parcells, had wholeheartedly agreed, telling Reasons just that last week.

Thus, for Reasons, the Giants' 14-7 victory over the Broncos here today was a special treat: He roamed the field for a game-high 11 tackles and defended one pass. He also made the game's - and the season's - most crunching hits, stymieing the Bronco running back Bobby Humphrey for a 1-yard loss on Humphrey's fourth-and-inches run at the Giants' goal line late in the third quarter. Reeves Seems Impressed

''It was a big-time hit,'' Parcells said. ''It will probably be in the highlight film.''

Dan Reeves, the Bronco coach, said: ''The goal-line stand they made was a big, big key for them. We couldn't knock it in. When you can't make a yard in three tries, then that's very difficult to take. I'll give them credit for keeping us out of there, from scoring in that situation.''

In nearly every situation, the Giants' defense kept Denver out of the end zone.

In the first half, the Broncos managed only four first downs and 98 total yards and ran only 21 plays as the Giants led by 14-0.

In the half, Elway completed 5 of 10 passes for 69 yards as Denver ran 11 times, insistent on establishing its newfound running game with Humphrey, and trying to avoid turnovers in the wind and snow. Turnovers on Vacation

Neither team, however, made a turnover all afternoon. By game's end, Elway had compiled 292 yards passing. Had the Broncos made a commitment to the passing game earlier, would it have made a difference against the Giants' pass defense, which entered ranked ninth in the league?

''When you've won 10 games emphasizing the run more, like they have, it is awfully hard to change and go away from that,'' said Johnie Cooks, a Giants linebacker. ''We went into this game realizing that and intent on stopping the run first and making them pass.

''That may sound crazy with a guy like John Elway doing the passing, but we were attacking their new philosophy.

''It worked for us in large part early, thanks to our offense. Our offense controlled the ball in the first half, and that meant our defense was only out there for only 21 plays. That made us extra fresh for the second half.''

Lawrence Taylor tried playing in the second half, but was not strong enough on his injured ankle. The goal-line play Reasons made, however, was Taylorlike and more. Elway Contributes

Denver had begun a drive on its 28 with 8:12 left in the third quarter and the Giants still ahead by 14-0. Elway was crucial in converting three third-down plays in the drive, passing 19 yards for one first down, tiptoeing 11 yards down the right sideline for another, and on the last executing an inside handoff to Sammy Winder for a 6-yard run just inside the Giants' 10.

Then Humphrey's spurt through the right side for 8 yards put the ball at the Giants' 2. Melvin Bratton leaped for a yard to the 1. Denver tried Humphrey left out of the I-formation, and he landed inches from the goal line. On fourth, Denver tried Humphrey out of the I to the right, and. . . .

''I was waiting right there,'' said Reasons, who read the play, leaped over the line, and met Humphrey with a devastating hit for the 1-yard loss. And it was the Giants' ball. ''I was where I was supposed to be, but I also had pass-coverage responsibilities on that play,'' Reasons said. ''Since they went from the I-formation one way the play before, and then lined up in the I again, I guessed they would try it the other way. It was an instantaneous decision to leap.'' Broncos Are Stunned

And Reasons wrapped his arms and body around Humphrey and stuck his helmet solidly into him.

''When he went airborne,'' Humphrey said, ''I saw him. I tried to sidestep him, but really, I couldn't.''

Denver then forced a Giant punt in four plays, and on its next drive scored on Elway's 32-yard pass to the receiver Michael Young, 31 seconds into the fourth quarter. But the Broncos were not able to recover fully from Reasons's shot.

Reasons had even run the football from punting formation before halftime, gaining 2 yards and a first down, which helped the Giants' defense rest as the offense controlled the ball.

''He did a super job today and made super plays at the goal,'' the linebacker Carl Banks said of Reasons. ''The whole defense is really proud today. All the odds were against us playing here against the A.F.C.'s best team with the kind of history they have here in this stadium. With some of the bad breaks the defense has had lately, today we made our own breaks.''


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IDEAS & TRENDS; How Clean Air Became Part of the Bottom Line

Published: October 28, 1990

IN the jubilant hours before dawn last Monday, lawmakers from a dozen states raised their glasses in a champagne toast to the first agreement in 13 years to strengthen the Clean Air Act, transforming a narrow and outdated law into the broadest, most stringent and most expensive environmental statute ever enacted. In the halls of the Rayburn House Office Building, lobbyists for oil, auto, chemical and utility companies put down their cellular phones and celebrated the end of weeks of wearying negotiations with handshakes and backslaps. The bill, which received final Congressional approval on Saturday, is expected to be signed by President Bush.

"It's a recognition of a certain maturity that industry has reached," said William D. Fay, administrator of the Clean Air Working Group, which represents nearly 2,000 companies. "There are parts of the bill that we don't like, but we support the passage of tough clean air legislation. Company executives tell me they understand that it's part of the cost of doing business."

That 'certain maturity' was forged after two decades of raucous battles with environmental groups. In 1970, when the Clean Air Act was passed, the constituency for strong environmental laws was largely limited to young Americans, scientists and technical experts in universities, and a few lawmakers led by former Senator Edmund S. Muskie, the Maine Democrat who was principal author of the original law.

But in the last 20 years, as scientific understanding of the causes and effects of pollution on the environment and public health became keener and millions more Americans became personally acquainted with dirty air, filthy water and waste-strewn beaches, the environmental policies sought by a minority of Americans became central to national politics.

Eight years after Ronald Reagan said that trees were responsible for the nation's air pollution and promised to roll back environmental restrictions, George Bush campaigned on a promise to be the environmental president. Congressional negotiators and environmental leaders agree that without his support, the 1990 Clean Air Act would not have been possible.

Reluctant to stand in the way of the public and the President, some companies now talk as though they had been in favor of controls all along. "We shouldn't see clean air or clean water as an enemy of business," said Mr. Fay, repeating what has become something of a refrain. "It's part of a company's reputation. It's a part of being a good neighbor."

Some companies have already enacted environmental programs of their own. Concerned that a new report by the Environmental Protection Agency about the amounts of toxic chemicals released into the air might alarm neighbors and investors, Richard J. Mahoney, the chairman of the Monsanto Company, began a voluntary program in 1988 to cut toxic emissions 90 percent by 1993 at all Monsanto plants around the world. Edgar S. Woolard Jr., the chairman of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, which long considered environmentalism a fringe movement of radicals, now says environmental activism begins at the top of the nation's largest chemical company and describes himself as Du Pont's chief environmentalist.

Mr. Fay's group estimates the legislation could cost businesses, consumers and taxpayers $50 billion a year. The National Clean Air Coalition, an environmental group, estimates the cost will reach a peak of more than $20 billion annually in 2005. The money will be spent on new fuels, pollution equipment and new industrial processes that supporters hope will make the air much cleaner within 15 years.

Some environmentalists complain that the reason industry is embracing the bill is because of a host of exemptions and overly generous timetables. Representatives Thomas J. Tauke, an Iowa Republican, and Terry L. Bruce, an Illinois Democrat, negotiated an agreement on behalf of farm and construction equipment makers in their districts that exempts small tractors, bulldozers, and other off-road equipment from state air pollution controls. Utilities in the Middle West received an exemption from having to install extra equipment on their smokestacks to cut down on releases of mercury, which has polluted the Great Lakes.

Nor are industrial executives thrilled with the new law. For instance, oil company executives say a requirement to develop cleaner-burning gasoline by 1995 may be impossible.

But negotiators from both parties said their mandate from the public was clear. They view the new legislation as a challenge to industry to apply ideas and technology developed since 1970 to reduce a pollution problem that affects every county in the United States. "If industry had succeeded in blocking the Clean Air Act of 1990," said Daniel J. Weiss, director of the Sierra Club's environmental quality program in Washington, "the public outcry would have led to an even tougher bill in the next Congress."


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Of Hair, Feminism and Fluff

Published: April 7, 1991

To the Editor:

I am writing to express my outrage at a comment made by Joni Evans ("Random House's Glitzy New Imprint," March 17). When describing a typical editorial meeting, she stated: "What we normally talk about at these meetings is our hair." Is she trying to set the women's movement back 20 years?

As a senior editor at McGraw-Hill's professional book group, I have attended many an editorial meeting and I do not recall ever discussing hair!

Ms. Evans and her staff, pictured and described in the feature, seem to indicate that one route to success is to create a cute and trendy atmosphere. In my 10 years in publishing, I have found that what is important is professionalism and publishing good books. Fluff just doesn't make it. GAIL F. NALVEN New York, March 25


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Published: September 14, 1991

On Sept. 29, 1941, at a ravine near Kiev in the Ukraine called Babi Yar, Nazi forces began a massacre that took the lives of 33,771 Jews in two days. Over two years, 200,000 Jews, Ukrainians and others were killed. Tomorrow morning, ANATOLY ZLENKO, the foreign minister of the Ukraine, where it has rarely been acknowleged that the slaughter took place, will help observe the 50th anniversary of Babi Yar.

Mr. Zlenko, who has been in his post since August 1990, will speak at ceremonies at Park East Synagogue, 163 East 67th Street in Manhattan, along with three representatives to the United Nations, THOMAS R. PICKERING of the United States, YULI M. VORONTSOV of the Soviet Union and YORAM ARIDOR of Israel; Senator ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, Mayor DAVID N. DINKINS, and SHOSHANA S. CARDIN, chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations.

"Finally we are facing the truth in history," said Rabbi ARTHUR SCHNEIER, chairman of the United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad, a Federal organization sponsoring the event, and senior rabbi at the synagogue.

"When I was at Babi Yar in 1966, there was just a footstone there," he said. "Fifteen years later, they put up a monument, but all it said was that men, women and children had been killed. They tried to obliterate the memory of the Jews."

Beneath the flags of the Ukraine, the Soviet Union, Israel and the United States, two children attending the day school at the Park East Synagogue, Vera Bobovnikova, 12 years old, of Moscow and Arsen Berezhansky, 13, of Odessa will light candles memorializing all those who perished at Babi Yar.


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Books of The Times; Why Law and Letters Shouldn't Be Strangers

Published: April 13, 1992

Poethics and Other Strategies of Law and Literature By Richard Weisberg Illustrated. 312 pages. Columbia University Press. $32.95.

In a leap of faith, Richard Weisberg believes that lawyers can learn to be more ethical by studying literature. With a bow toward "Poetics," Aristotle's treatise on poetry and drama, he combines poetry and ethics and invents the word "Poethics" for his theory and book title.

"Literature provides a lively and accessible medium for learning about law in an ethical way," says Mr. Weisberg, who is a professor of law at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University. It's a wishful notion that's worth pondering, especially at a moment when big-time lawyers and accountants are being held responsible for concealing the scandalous activities of their clients in the savings-and-loan game.

After reading "Poethics," a few questions suggest themselves: Would these colluding professionals, who recently paid millions of dollars in settlements rather than face the music for their conduct in open court, have behaved differently had they brushed up on Herman Melville's "Billy Budd," William Faulkner's "Sanctuary" and Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice"? All of the above are analyzed in the book, but could they have helped the lawyers and accountants to clean up their acts?

As a pioneer in a relatively new field that seeks to find literature in law and law in literature -- Professor Weisberg edits a journal called Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature -- he wants to revise the familiar opinions of lawyers expressed in poems, plays and novels. Of course, it's easier to think of lines attacking than defending lawyers and the law:

*From Shakespeare: "The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers."

*From Dickens: "The law is an ass."

*From Carl Sandburg: Why is there always a secret singing When a lawyer cashes in? Why does a hearse horse snicker Hauling a lawyer away?

Deconstructing recent fiction almost to a fault, Professor Weisberg offers examples of lawyers' being on both sides of the fence, defending or opposing the power structure with equal fervor. Occasionally, his opinions seem to cancel each other out. He writes:

"Sometimes storytellers do create idealist lawyers to defend the nonpowerful. But usually, as with Fetyukovitch in Dostoyevsky's 'The Brothers Karamazov,' Atticus Finch in Harper Lee's 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Horace Benbow (another Faulknerian lawyer) in 'Sanctuary,' or Bibikov in Bernard Malamud's 'The Fixer,' those lawyers cannot save their innocent clients."

Professor Weisberg holds that judicial opinions ought to be written with greater clarity and style. No argument there. United States Supreme Court Justices may sometimes be chosen for their political views, but never for their writing ability. Professor Weisberg cites the opinions of Justice Cardozo for their brilliant writing.

The need for better writing enters Professor Weisberg's offbeat views of the landmark desegregation and abortion decisions, Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade. He points out that one reason why these decisions are vulnerable to alteration by the present Supreme Court is that "neither opinion fully expressed its central core of justice . . . neither opinion captured in its writing the essence of the human situations they so courageously attempted to alleviate."

By far the most original contribution in "Poethics" is the long section on the French lawyers and others in the legal establishment who succumbed to Nazi pressure and used their talents in behalf of the Vichy Government's racial laws. A recent book, Ingo Muller's "Hitler's Justice," revealed how Germany's lawyers, law schools and courts caved in and justified the laws that led to the Holocaust. Similarly, many French lawyers betrayed their countrymen of Jewish origin by inhumane interpretations of the law.

Professor Weisberg writes that two French racial laws directed against the Jews, drawn up by ministers of the Vichy Government, won ready acceptance from legal authorities and bureaucracies. In one of his literary parallels, the author compares the attitudes of the characters in "The Nose," by Gogol, and "The Trial," by Kafka, to life under the Vichy terror:

"French culture's depressing response to the genocidal Nazi occupier in World War II brings to mind a great deal of Gogol's barber and at least some of Kafka's Josef K. An entire nation went about its business successfully ignoring what seems, from the outsider's perspective, to be the central, horrifying reality in its midst. Ours is the terror, not theirs, as we learn of individual and collective attempts to put the Nazi reality (as Gogol's barber attempted) 'in a corner for a while.' "

Professor Weisberg says that Vichy lawyers busied themselves "splitting hairs" during the German Occupation. As a result, their rhetoric "directly led to the concentration camps 'in the East.' " He goes so far as to claim that the French lawyers drafted racial laws exceeding German demands and set precedents that even the Nuremberg laws and Nazi courts had not imagined.

For such a promising theme as law and literature, by an author concerned with the importance of good writing, "Poethics" is surprisingly turgid. It does offer challenging literary interpretations but, stylistically, Professor Weisberg's outline keeps showing. Again and again, he promises to tell the reader what he is going to say; then he says that he is saying it; then he says that he has just said it. This may be suitable for note-taking in a classroom but, as a book, it reads more like a brief than a work of prose.

Photo: Richard Weisberg. (Yeshiva University)


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SPORTS PEOPLE: GOLF; Daly Enters Plea of Not Guilty

Published: March 4, 1993

Golfer JOHN DALY has pleaded not guilty to an assault charge stemming from a Dec. 20 altercation with his wife, BETTYE DALY, and will stand trial May 25 in Douglas County (Colo.) District Court.

Daly, charged with misdemeanor third-degree assault, filed his plea on Tuesday when he waived his right to appear at a pretrial conference before Magistrate LOUIS GRESH, said STEVE LEE, the chief Deputy District Attorney for Douglas County. (AP)


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Habitats/Hotel des Artistes; Rare Sale for a Tall Triplex

Published: September 12, 1993

WHEN Fannie Hurst moved into the towering triplex aerie at the Hotel des Artistes in 1932, the novelist wrote that this daunting, cavernous place nonetheless had a small oak-paneled Gothic chapel that would become her workroom. Overlooking the 60-foot terrace, the little room had "a hush built into it."

When the painter Valerie Markwood moved in 44 years later, she, too, found the 6,000-square-foot space a bit terrifying -- but at least she had enormous kaleidoscopic canvases to fill it up.

Both luscious and otherworldly, the most famous studio in the most famous studio building in New York City is for sale, to change hands for only the third time since it was custom built for the philanthropist Aaron Naumberg as the building was going up in 1916.

Its current owner, Ms. Markwood, is leaving to find new -- and separate -- studio and living spaces.

In a building of magnificent apartments, in a city of magnificent penthouses, the Naumberg-Hurst-Markwood triplex at 1 West 67th Street nevertheless maintains its own highly original character, leaving even the most jaded visitor slightly envious. After all, it might be a bit difficult to dig up the $6 million to buy it.

Its originality may hinge on the mellow Jacobean ceilings. Or on the Troubadors' balcony. Or it might be the gargoyles seen from the crenelated top-floor terrace, or the 45-foot living room with the 20-foot ceiling.

"It took at least 10 years for people to stop introducing me as 'the woman who bought the Fannie Hurst apartment,' " the titian-tressed Ms. Markwood said with a grimace. "In the cafe, they even installed me at her table," she said, speaking of the Cafe des Artistes, downstairs.

"They finally got tired of it -- I was tired of it from the beginning," she continued. "They also introduced me as 'the woman with the biggest apartment.' People kept coming up and joking that he or she had the world's smallest apartment . . . I guess they eventually found out I was just folks."

Well, maybe.

Ms. Markwood, besides having a full-time all-around helper named Agnieszka, has a part-time business assistant and a 16-hour-a-week cleaning man named Ruben. The apartment comes with central air-conditioning, a three-line telephone system -- and sound system -- linking every room, a lighting panel fit for a theater and a security system fit for a small museum. Intercoms connect each room and there is also a fourth telephone line that rings to the building's central switchboard.

"That's the number I give out to people," she explained.

The elaborate systems were installed by the present owner.

"When I first saw the apartment it was an absolute derelict," she said. "I didn't want to go near the place, but the real-estate agent begged me. When I walked in, there was a huge puddle on the floor, and buckets. The Venetian blinds were filthy and there were old gas jets and DC electricity. There were remnants of the old brine refrigeration system." She bought it for $120,000.

She spent two years planning the renovation. She worked with Abe Feder, the pioneering lighting designer who lit the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, the United Nations and the Prometheus Fountain at Rockefeller Center.

They chose not to recreate Naumberg's lavish decor. For one thing, that had already been done -- in the Fogg Museum at Harvard University.

When Naumberg's widow died, she bequeathed the contents of the living room, dining room and entrance hall of the apartment. According to the Harvard Alumni Bulletin of Feb. 19, 1931, the will directed that the El Greco, the Rembrandt and other paintings, Oriental rugs, tapestries and furniture "are to be installed in substantially their present setting, the ceiling, paneling etc., being removed to a wing or building to be erected for the purpose." Hettie G. Naumberg generously provided $100,000 for what is today called the Naumberg Room, and $25,000 for upkeep of the collection. Her gift continued a family tradition: Elkan Naumberg, uncle of the man for whom the triplex was built, was the donor of Central Park's Naumberg Bandshell.

Ms. Markwood flew up to see the collection as soon as she signed the contract and found the feeling "uncanny -- it's exactly the same space."

IN its present incarnation, the New York City space is a melange of the old and the bold, a potpourri its owner labels "an amusing diversity." There might be an early 19th-century Venetian grotto chair (its back and seat in the shape of seashells) next to a 3-foot-tall olive jar from Marrakesh resting under one of the owner's vivid watercolor abstracts. The backdrop is definitely Tudor and Jacobean downstairs, but the largest bedroom has a delicate Adam mantelpiece of carved white marble embellished with urns and reclining Grecian goddesses.

Then there is the Gothic Room, the chamber in which Fannie Hurst chose to write the later novels and essays that followed "Back Street," the best-selling moral tale about a young woman who erred -- and was damned evermore.

For some, this may be the most intriguing nook of all because it is the only one of the apartment's 14 rooms that is unrenovated. Indeed, its original stenciled canvas wall covering is falling off the walls; intact, but in need of restoration.

Right now, the Gothic Room is a storage room for Ms. Markwood's paintings, but it leads out onto the great terrace that runs across the top of the building's southwest wing and is down the hall from the larger of the two kitchens, so the doors could be thrown open for a summer buffet dinner. Its skylight has been painted over for years, and half of its windows are covered up, their currently grimy stained-glass panels stored in the basement.

Once, this room was a showplace, like the rest of the apartment.

"When the stained-glass windows of this little casino are closed, the modern card room has a delightful atmosphere about it, suggesting the most glorious periods of Florentine life," trumpeted a piece on the apartment in Good Furniture Magazine. "And yet, while old in style," the magazine concluded sagely, "it meets the requirements of 1921." SETTING A PRICE

How does an apartment come to be priced at $6 million?

"Three factors went into the pricing," said Barbara Corcoran, whose Corcoran Group is handling the Naumberg-Hurst-Markwood apartment. "None of them too scientific."

First, the brokers decided the apartment would appeal not just to wealthy West Siders, but to some wealthy East Siders, too. "The Hotel des Artistes is famous enough to rise above other West Side addresses," Ms. Corcoran said.

They looked at the competition next, other apartments of 14 and 15 rooms. According to Ms. Corcoran, 80 percent of such apartments on Fifth Avenue were priced from $7 million to $8 million. The asking prices for those on Park Avenue were $6 million to $7 million, and the rare 14-room apartments on Central Park West were priced at $5 million to $7 million, with one at $7.9 million.

"In the local market we wanted to make sure we weren't the most expensive," Ms. Corcoran said. "Anyone spending over $1 million is going to turn every stone, look at every apartment in his or her price range and we wanted to be the winner."

Last, there was what the broker called the "charisma factor" or "wild card."

"At this price," she explained, "you'll get the prestige buyer, the trophy buyer, who'll take the chance because at some point reason leaves off and the heart kicks in."

How close will the actual selling price come to the asking price?

"That depends entirely on the one buyer who falls in love," she said.

Photo: Valerie Markwood's studio in her triplex at Hotel des Artistes. (Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times)


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Odd Couples Can Make Magic

Published: March 2, 1994
(Page 2 of 3)

"You can go overboard with the chili and chocolate combination, but it works so well," he said. "A little heat with chocolate has the same effect as a little salt: they both keep you coming back for more."

Les Celebrites, the urbane French restaurant in the Essex House Nikko Hotel on Central Park South, is the last place one would expect to encounter a dessert called fruit pizza.

Andre Renard, the pastry chef, had the whimsical idea about six months ago. "Everybody loves pizza, so I tried to make one with sauteed fruits and yeast dough," he said. It took many tries to get the right texture, level of sweetness and color coordination of the topping. The result is as much fun as it is enticing.

Christian Delouvrier, the chef of Les Celebrites, is also an inveterate experimenter. One dish he has tried to refine over the years is roasted quail with chocolate sauce. "It is a combination that goes back to the Middle Ages," he said. "But I have never been happy with the results."

He recently agreed to give it another try for me. Midway through the course he came to the table with the disconsolate expression of a basketball coach whose team had just been trounced. "No good, eh," he ventured. I agreed. It was too cloying, too sweet. A much more satisfying creation of Mr. Delouvrier is his unusual lobster with lentils and bacon, a wonderfully earthy and refined dish.

At Vong, the exotic Asian restaurant at 200 East 54th Street, the most popular dessert by far is white pepper ice cream, which was invented by Jean-Georges Vongerichten, the chef and owner. Years of cooking in Asia taught Mr. Vongerichten how to use spices in sweet dishes. He had already won applause for his tamarind ice cream and lemon-grass sorbet.

"The first time I tasted a dish like that was in a Brazilian restaurant," he said. "A creme caramel came in a ramekin dusted with black pepper. It was great." That started him searching for an equivalent. He tried chili pepper ice cream, but "it burned too much." He experimented with Jamaican pepper and Sichuan peppers, but none worked satisfactorily. He then considered white pepper, which has a delayed impact on the palate.

"It added a little heat without taking away from the sweet in the ice cream," Mr. Vongerichten said. Vong now sells more that a gallon of white pepper ice cream a day.

So what's the next creation? "I don't know," he replied. "The possibilities are endless."

White Pepper Ice Cream (Adapted from Jean-Georges Vongerichten) Total time: 20 minutes 1 1/4 cups heavy cream 1 3/4 cups milk 1/4 cup plus one tablespoon sugar 20 crushed white peppercorns 6 egg yolks.

1. In a heavy saucepan over medium heat, combine cream, milk, sugar and pepper. Bring to a simmer.

2. Beat egg yolks in a mixing bowl until pale -- 2 to 3 minutes.

3. Pour about 1/2 cup of the hot mixture into the egg yolks while whisking. Pour yolk mixture back into hot cream and stir over medium heat until it thickens slightly, about 3 minutes. Do not boil.

4. Remove pot from heat; chill over ice, stirring if lumps appear.

5. Strain mixture, and transfer to an ice cream machine. Follow manufacturer's instructions.

Yield: 6 servings.

Approximate nutritional analysis per serving: 365 calories, 25 grams fat, 290 milligrams cholesterol, 60 milligrams sodium, 6 grams protein, 30 grams carbohydrate. Warm Chocolate Pudding Enchiladas With Strawberry Almond Salsa (Adapted from Wayne Harley Brachman) Total time: 30 minutes plus 1 hour for chilling For the pudding: 1/4 pound semi-sweet chocolate 1 ounce ( 1/4 stick) unsalted butter, soft 3 1/2 cups milk 2 tablespoons cornstarch 1/4 cup cocoa 3/4 cup sugar 2 eggs 3 egg yolks 1/4 cup Kahlua For the enchiladas: 3/4 cup all-purpose flour 1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa 2 tablespoons sugar 1 1/4 cups milk 2 eggs Butter for cookie sheet Strawberry almond salsa (see recipe).

1. Melt chocolate and butter over simmering water in top of a double boiler.

2. Pour 1/2 cup of the milk into a medium-size bowl. Whisk in the cornstarch, cocoa and 1/4 cup of the sugar.

3. In a medium-size saucepan over medium heat, scald remaining 3 cups of milk and 1/2 cup of sugar by heating to just under a boil, when it begins to foam. Remove from heat, and whisk hot liquid into the cornstarch mixture. Return to heat and, while constantly scraping bottom of pan with a whisk, cook until tiny bubbles boil up for 10 seconds, no more.

4. Put eggs and egg yolks in a bowl. Whisking vigorously, slowly drizzle in one cup of hot liquid. Pour everything back into saucepan. Simmer until tiny bubbles boil up again, constantly scraping bottom of pan with a whisk. Stir in Kahlua. Strain pudding, and fold in the melted chocolate and butter. Cover with wax paper to prevent a skin from forming. Set aside for one hour. Refrigerate until chilled.

5. To make enchiladas, first make the crepes. Put flour, cocoa, sugar, milk and eggs in the bowl of a food processor, or blender and run at high speed for one minute. Scrape down the sides, and run for another 10 seconds. Let batter rest in refrigerator for 30 minutes.


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Bosnian Serbs Said to Reject Mediators' Partition Plan

Published: July 21, 1994

In a new blow to efforts to end the Bosnian conflict, Bosnian Serb authorities were reported today to have rejected a territorial division that was the central pillar of a new Bosnia peace plan proposed by international mediators two weeks ago.

Under the plan, which was presented to the warring parties on a take-it-or-leave-it basis, Bosnian Muslims and Croats would be given 51 percent of the new republic, while Bosnian Serbs, who now hold 70 percent of territory, would see their share reduced to 49 percent.

Although Bosnian Serbs indicated on Tuesday that they might be ready to work with the plan, Charles Redman, the United States special envoy to the Balkans, said that the Bosnian Serbs told a five-nation group of international mediators that they could not accept the territorial proposal. A Negative Reply

The Bosnian Serb leader, Radovan Karadzic, who presented his delegation's response today, refused to meet reporters here. But senior European officials who attended today's meetings confirmed that there was no ambivalence about the Bosnian Serbs' negative position, and that the mediators were united in perceiving the Serbs' response as a rejection.

Earlier today, a joint Bosnian Government and Bosnian Croat delegation confirmed their acceptance of the plan in a separate meeting with the international mediators. The Muslim-dominated Bosnian Government and the Bosnian Croats agreed earlier this year to form a federation.

The Bosnian Serbs' rejection of the proposed map opens them up to a series of reprisals by the international community, including tightening of sanctions against their Serbian backers in Belgrade and a possible lifting of the arms embargo on Bosnia, which has impeded Bosnian Government efforts to overcome the Bosnian Serbs' advantage in weapons. Decision on Sanctions

The decision on what new punitive measures will be adopted against the Bosnian Serbs will be taken by Foreign Ministers of the United States, Russia, France, Britain and Germany at a meeting provisionally scheduled for Geneva on July 30. These same Ministers proposed the peace plan here July 5.

The Bosnian Serbs' response, which was the result of two days of intense and secretive meetings of the Bosnian Serbs' self-styled parliament in Pale, was conveyed today to a so-called "contact group" of senior officials from the same five mediating countries at two closed-door meeting here today.

"At the first meeting, the Bosnian Serb delegation said it had not accepted our territorial proposal," Mr. Redman said. "At the second meeting, our group expressed its disappointment at the lack of a positive reply." Other Issues Raised

He said the Bosnian Serb delegation had raised other issues, but was reminded that all other discussions depended on acceptance of the territorial proposal. He added that the "contact group" would present a detailed "incentives and disincentives package" next week.

One European envoy said that, while in the past there have been differences within the "contact group" there was "no divergence" among the mediating countries today in their reaction to the Bosnian Serbs' response. "You can talk of unity of the group," he said. "For all of us, the territorial division is the key question."

Bosnia's Prime Minister, Haris Silajdzic, and the Bosnian Croat leader, Kresimir Zubak, left Geneva soon after presenting their response this morning. Bosnia's Vice President, Ejup Ganic, stayed on to be briefed on the Bosnian Serb response by the American, Russian, French and British envoys. Mr. Karadzic and his delegation are expected to leave here Thursday and no further meetings with the "contact group" are scheduled.

Western diplomats said that the Bosnian Serbs seemed anxious to reopen discussions about the map even though they had been asked for a yes or no answer. But despite reports from their headquarters in Pale, Bosnia, on Tuesday that the Bosnian Serbs might want to give an equivocal reply, the mediators read it as a rejection. A 'Yes' Is Not Heard

"This wasn't a 'yes, but' or a 'yes, and'," one Western diplomat said. "There was not a 'yes' involved here. The territorial proposal was not acceptable."

The diplomats said the Bosnian Serb reply presented to the "contact group" in a sealed pink envelope raised such questions as constitutional arrangements within the proposed Bosnian union, the status of the capital city of Sarajevo and Bosnian Serb demands for an access to the Adriatic Sea.

But one well-placed Western diplomat recalled that the international mediators had decided that the territorial division was the "core problem" and should be dealt with first. He added that by trying to deal with other issues first, "the Serbs are talking about a different kind of process -- not what we have been working on for the last three months."

United States and European diplomats refused to speculate about measures that might be adopted when Secretary of State Warren Christopher joins his Russian, French, British and German colleagues here later this month, but they noted that a lifting of the arms embargo is still considered "a last resort."

One Western diplomat noted that the mediators' objective was still to make the Bosnian Serbs accept the peace plan and that there was still some hope that Russia could persuade them to do so.

Maps of Bosnia and Herzegovina


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SUPER BOWL XXIX; Kotite's Master Plan

Published: January 27, 1995

It was so shocking that the 49ers' owner, Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., bolted into the San Francisco locker room for a rare address to the team.

That's what happens when the 49ers are embarrassed. The Philadelphia Eagles had just stomped them, 40-8, last Oct. 2. It was the 49ers' worst defeat ever at Candlestick Park, their home field.

The San Diego Chargers are unlikely to duplicate the Philadelphia Eagles' stunning upset in Super Bowl XXIX at Joe Robbie Stadium on Sunday, but they can apply some of the techniques that helped Philadelphia defuse San Francisco's high-powered offense.

Rich Kotite, who was the Eagles' coach at the time, said the loss turned the season around for the 49ers, who went on to win 10 consecutive games.

"You have to be very careful in how you approach the 49ers," said Kotite, who has since been dismissed by the Eagles and accepted a new job as coach of the Jets, from his New York office the other day. "If you're going to approach them from the standpoint of playing the Steve Youngs and the Jerry Rices, you could be in trouble. Sometimes the mind-set becomes that you're worrying more about what they're doing -- not what your job is."

Kotite, an offensive specialist, wanted to produce an attacking rhythm that would surprise the 49ers. Charlie Garner, a rookie running back, became an integral part of the plan.

"He hadn't played all season because of a cracked rib," Kotite said of Garner, a No. 2 draft pick. "He knew he'd play some against the 49ers. But that morning I decided he'd start. I didn't want to tell him. I didn't want him getting nervous."

So Kotite waited until the opening kickoff. "That's when I said, 'Charlie, get in there.' "

Another of Kotite's offensive wrinkles was to have Randall Cunningham pass on first down and on obvious running situations. And when the 49ers expected Cunningham to pass, he handed off to Garner, who gained 111 yards.

The result? An opening drive of 75 yards that lasted almost half the quarter ended with Garner's 1-yard touchdown run.

Twenty-two seconds later, the Eagles increased their lead to 14-0. On the 49ers' first offensive play of the game, Young's pass bounced off Rice's fingertips. Eric Allen intercepted it and, one play later, Garner scooted 28 yards for his second touchdown.

The Eagles' onslaught never stopped. Young was sacked for a safety, the Eagles marched 56 yards for a touchdown and then drove another 65 yards into the end zone. When the smoke cleared at halftime, Philadelphia had an improbable 30-8 lead.

Cunningham wound up the day throwing for 246 yards and 2 touchdowns.

"You can't hold anything back against them," said Kotite. "Against San Francisco, the best defense is a good offense."

Stan Humphries, the Chargers' quarterback, echoed that today as he talked about what the Eagles did.

"They got the ball in the end zone and they didn't settle for field goals," said Humphries. "That's what we've got to do. Attack."

Defensively, the Eagles held the 49ers' dynamic duo of Rice and John Taylor in check, and few teams have been able to do that this season. "We knew they'd catch passes, but you tackle them at that moment," said Kotite. Taylor was shut out and Rice had only 6 catches for 66 yards.

Kotite described the Eagles' defense as "the best tackling I saw in my four years as head coach."

This kind of attacking defense is what the Chargers hope to duplicate.

"We are not going to hold back against them," inside linebacker Dennis Gibson said today. "You have a tendency to be afraid to commit yourself. That won't happen. We're going all out. But we don't want to be caught out of position."

The 49ers' exquisite offensive style often sends players away from the flow of a play. Defensive players tend to react to misdirection. But the Eagles had been thoroughly prepared by Kotite in 49er trickery, and they chased Young to the sidelines after holding him to under 100 passing yards for only the second time in his career.

"What I had to sell the players was that we wanted the 49ers to react to us," said Kotite. "We weren't going to react to them."

Young, the National Football League's highest-rated passer, completed fewer than half his attempts -- 11 of 23. They gained all of 99 yards, and he was intercepted twice.

Before the third quarter was over, Young was lifted by Coach George Seifert, prompting a tirade by the quarterback. The moment he screamed at Seifert, Young was transformed in the eyes of many teammates as their leader. He finally seemed to have stepped out of the shadow of Joe Montana.

Earlier this week, DeBartolo recalled what happened when the game ended. He felt that the players were uptight about what he and the team president, Carmen Policy, were expecting from the club.

"I told them, 'Everybody thinks that to DeBartolo and Policy, it's Super Bowl or bust.' I told them: 'Have fun. Stop thinking it's a failed season if you don't win the Super Bowl.' "

Now the Chargers think they know what they have to do to defeat the 49ers, something no team has done since the Eagles, except for the Minnesota Vikings in a meaningless "Monday Night Football" N.F.L. regular-season finale.

And remember, San Diego has not lost since being hammered by the 49ers, 38-15, last Dec. 11.

"I don't think people have challenged them, really banged them around," said strong safety Darren Carrington. "When we lost to them in December, we laid back too much."

They say they will not make the same mistake again. But only the Eagles have embarrassed the 49ers this year.


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CONFLICT IN THE BALKANS; U.N. Reaction Froce Fires on Serbs

Published: August 13, 1995

The United Nations reaction force fired 16 mortar rounds at a Bosnian Serb gun position outside Sarajevo today after the Serbs shelled a United Nationas observation post, a United Nations spokesman said.

The spokesman, Lieut. Col. Gerard Dubois, said 10 rounds from Serbian gunners at Ahotovici, two and a half miles north of Osijek, had landed withing 150 feet of a post guarded by British and French peacekeepers. The firing stopped after the United Nations reaction force on Mount Igman fired the 16 rounds, he said.

Colonel Dubois said no peacekeepers had been wounded.


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Clear Channel Adding Stations

By Bloomberg Business News
Published: March 11, 1996

Clear Channel Communications Inc. agreed last week to buy U S Radio Inc. for $140 million.

Clear Channel said the acquisition of U S Radio's 13 FM radio stations and 5 AM stations and other pending acquisitions would raise its holdings to 61 radio stations and 16 television stations in the United States.


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Studio executives are alarmed by a surge in the costs of marketing movies.

By Bernard Weinraub
Published: August 12, 1996

MOVIE stars' salaries are climbing into the stratosphere. So are production costs. But the steepest increase in studio budgets may be for marketing -- an increase that distresses, even frightens, Hollywood executives who say that the costs of promoting a movie on television and in newspapers and magazines seem to be galloping out of control.

''It has to level off,'' said Richard W. Cook, president of distribution and marketing at the Walt Disney Studios. ''You just can't continue at this rate and have any sort of viable business.'' Though movie marketing costs are not disclosed, Disney probably outspent every other studio this summer, especially on two films, ''The Rock'' and ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame.'' (''The Rock'' is a hit, while ''Hunchback'' has not been the blockbuster sought by Disney.)

The increase in the cost of promoting a film is attributed to several factors. These include the often ferocious competition each weekend among three or four studios to open new films No. 1 or No. 2 at the box office; an increasingly crowded marketplace that demands heavy advertising to differentiate films, and the expansion of cable television and the growth of the Internet, which not only offer more outlets for promotion but compel studios to spend more to reach wider audiences.

''There is this proliferation now in the way people receive information,'' said Buffy Shutt, who oversees marketing at Universal with a partner, Cathy Jones. ''On the one hand it's more difficult to get the attention of a consumer, and on the other hand there are more places now in which you try to capture their attention.''

But Chris Pula, the marketing chief at New Line, offered a somewhat different view, saying that the promotion of a movie was sometimes also driven by such factors as the egos of studio chiefs and of stars, directors and producers.

''There's a tremendous amount of competition because we're making too many movies,'' he said. ''Each weekend consumers know that five new movies are coming out. You have to register brand identity and consumer awareness in a very short period of time. The shelf life of films is getting shorter and shorter.

''But a lot of money is being spent irresponsibly,'' Mr. Pula said. ''A couple of behemoths are forcing everyone to overspend.''

(Under Mr. Pula, New Line spent about $21 million each on marketing for two of its biggest recent hits, ''Seven'' and ''Dumb and Dumber.'' This covered the estimated 12-week runs of both movies. By contrast, Disney's ''Toy Story'' was the most advertised film of 1995 -- the studio spent $35.2 million, according to Daily Variety.)

The Motion Picture Association of America, the lobbying group for the studios, said in March that marketing costs in 1995 averaged $17.7 million for 212 movies produced by the association's members. Estimates of the increase in costs from 1994 to 1995 vary widely and use different methodologies, but they range from 10 percent in figures compiled by the association to 39 percent in a study by Competitive Media Reporting, according to Daily Variety.

Eight Disney titles were among the top 20 individually advertised movies. Aside from ''Toy Story,'' the films last year that were most heavily advertised were Paramount's ''Braveheart'' ($25 million), Disney's ''Crimson Tide'' ($25 million), Disney's ''Father of the Bride II'' ($24.8 million) and Disney's ''While You Were Sleeping'' ($24.3 million).

These films were hits. But roughly $20 million was also spent on Paramount's ''Sabrina''; ''Judge Dredd,'' made by Cinergi and released by Disney; Disney's ''Nixon,'' and ''The American President,'' made by Castle Rock and released by Sony. These films were major disappointments.

Within studios, marketing costs are listed simply as ''P. and A.,'' prints and ads. That is, the prints of actual films and the advertisements and promotion, which cover everything from television and newspaper ads to premieres, which can run into several million dollars and are seen as vehicles to promote a movie in the media. One of the most publicized premieres of this year took place at Alcatraz Island when Disney opened ''The Rock,'' the Sean Connery-Nicolas Cage action film set there.

Studio executives said that a turning point for marketing films took place in 1989 when the summer season included an extraordinary number of hits: ''Batman,'' ''Ghostbusters II,'' ''Honey, I Shrunk the Kids'' and ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.'' Studio executives began seizing on new strategies -- and spending more money -- to compete. The next summer Disney started what was then a hugely expensive ($12 million) advertising campaign for the film ''Dick Tracy'' and began spending heavily on television. Other studios soon followed.

''What's happened now is an almost frenzy in media buying, primarily because there's more clutter out there and it's costly to break away from that clutter,'' said Gerry A. Rich, the marketing chief at MGM/UA. ''The hardest films to market are those that don't have the obvious hooks -- they don't have big stars, they don't have high-concept stories, they're not laced with special effects. If you have Tom Cruise a movie gets noticed on first impression. If you have a lesser star you keep working at it to get the consumer's attention.''

Robert G. Friedman, the marketing chief of Warner Brothers, put it another way. ''Selling movies is like a volcanic eruption,'' he said. ''You have to build as much pressure as you can on opening weekend so everyone pours out to see that particular movie.

''You start at a foundation base of title and star. Then there's trailer exposure and general buzz -- and you hope that buzz is building. Then you have the advertising -- the TV, the newspapers, outdoor ads, big publicity campaigns. The pressure builds and you hope it bursts on opening weekend. You hope.''

Photo: Quasimodo from the movie ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame.'' (Reuters)