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25 April 2018 // Articles & Stories

What’s church like in Uganda?

Connected to prayer

This article was first featured alongside our Prayer Diary in May 2018. You can download the May 2018 prayer points here or sign-up to receive future editions by post or email.

Zillah Whitehouse shares how growing up in a student church in Manchester prepared her for the joys and challenges of the church she attends in Uganda.

Working with students

I have now lived in Mbarara for nine years, where I teach Physiotherapy in the University. My church is St. Luke’s Chapel which is the Anglican church for the Mbarara University of Science and Technology. It is a medium sized church for Uganda with about 300 people worshipping together on Sundays – over 90% of them are students.

Discovering your role…

Laura is a physio student and member of St. Luke’s who has recently attended the Kairos course, which encourages people to think about their role in God’s mission.

“I thank God that I had an opportunity to attend the Kairos course because my knowledge and approach to missionary work has changed, especially reaching out to the least reached people groups of the world. I have always had a passion for missionary work from the day I understood that God desires that all men are reconciled unto himself. Through Kairos I have learnt how to effectively preach cross-culturally. This has enabled me to preach even to my friends and students who come from other faiths, countries and cultures at the university where I am currently. I have also developed an urge to pray more each day for the least reached people groups that more missionaries will be sent to those countries.”

Student churches are vibrant places. The energy is contagious. When I was growing up I wanted to be a student; now I am twice their age I feel I am being kept young! St. Luke’s has a structure that is more like a university Christian Union with students heading most of the ministries. They do a great job!

Raising up young leaders

Uganda has one of the youngest populations of the world with 77% of the population under 30 years old. This means that university graduates quickly take on leadership roles within their jobs and churches. Churches such as St Luke’s and the nearby University Baptist Church are ripe as training grounds for future leaders. The AIM team that I am part of in Mbarara has the privilege of being able to work with these young people as they grow in their faith and develop understanding of their unique giftings. For those I teach as well, I get to walk alongside them for a large part of their life and share the challenges of integrating faith and work. We don’t do this alone. St Luke’s has a small but strong non-student fellowship of professionals who are purposeful about engaging in building one another up and supporting the students’ work.

A counter-cultural calling

These churches are also sending churches. University courses are three to five years and then the majority leave Mbarara to find jobs elsewhere in Uganda or abroad. At the moment the main pull is to the cities or more resource-developed countries where remuneration and living standards are better. But increasingly there are students who are trying to pursue where God may want them to go even if this defies the cultural expectations. There are many challenges, pressure to fund younger siblings through school or to get married quickly, can be strong. However, St. Luke’s, along with other churches in Uganda are beginning to explore how to respond to this and their role in God’s mission to reach all nations. It is a joy to be able to share with them in this.

Zillah Whitehouse

I’m a physiotherapist in the local government hospital, where I’ve been involved in developing the first government physiotherapy degree programme in Uganda. I assist with course administration, deliver lectures to physiotherapy, medical and nursing students and treat hospital patients.

Find out more…


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A Letter to the United Kingdom

Over the past couple of weeks, many of us have been engaged in discussions with EU critics; we’ve avidly read opinion pieces and followed referendum chatter on-line. This letter is an attempt to refute the many lies and misunderstandings peddled by EU critics.

Initially, there was an emphasis on facts, but as the referendum draws to a close these are giving way to emotion. Understandably!  The referendum is an important decision which will determine our identity as a nation and our future for the next three generations. However, there is an old saying, “My mind is made up. Do not confuse me with the facts!” We hope the following facts will help you towards a rational decision and goes some way to mitigate the “story” the Leave campaigners are peddling.

Dear Fellow Citizen

You ask is the EU democratic?

Our answer is yes. Here’s why.

First, look to Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union. It states, The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.”

Is there anything in the wording of this Article that you find alarming? We find it comforting to know that we are part of a continent that values these important sentiments. Article 2 is supreme law. No member state can write a law that contradicts these values. It applies equally and unequivocally to each and every member of the European Union. This is one of the main reasons David Cameron is right when he says that Turkey will not become a member of the EU. It is too undemocratic under Erdogan to even be considered. In fact, the EU is currently fighting  Poland over the independence of their judiciary, potentially compromising the rule of law in Poland. That is how seriously the EU takes Article 2. In every good relationship – be it marital, working, or friendly – it is not our differences that divide us – it is our values that unite us. So too the EU. The EU is a mismatch of different countries, with different languages, cultures and histories. This does not matter. It makes life interesting. It is the values set out in Article 2 which is the glue that binds the EU.

You ask – but what about the EU itself. Is the organisation democratic?

Yes. The emphasis on democracy is not limited to the member states. The European Parliament, which is equal to all other EU institutions, is democratically elected. Everyone over the age of 18 and of sound mind in the United Kingdom (and across the rest of the EU) has the right to vote for their Member of the European Parliament. For Nigel Farage to accuse the EU of being undemocratic is plain wrong, he is, himself, a democratically elected member of the European Parliament. He campaigned against a Conservative, Labour and Lib. Dem. candidate and won the vote. How is that undemocratic?

But doesn’t the European Parliament just rubber-stamp diktats from the European Commission?

We want to assure you this is categorically not the case.  MEPs are democratically elected politicians who are not yes-men. They take their duties seriously, attending committees, voting through amendments and voting in plenary. All, that is, apart from UKIP who do not attend plenary sessions, who do not vote but who like to take their wages and expenses home with them at the end of the day. For the rest, MEPs form coalitions and alliances with other parties and learn their brief well before voting.

The European Parliament has the right to table amendments, prepare reports and to vote in a plenary. Often these reports and amendments are at odds with the European Commission. The recent glysophate debate is just one example. The Parliament has stood up to both the Council of Europe and the European Commission over data privacy and it has always acted as a powerful break on the introduction of GMO produce in the EU. It is not a “yes-man” and guards its rights, as set out in law, very carefully. Finally, the European Parliament does have the right to veto the whole legislation. This rarely happens but it does have the right.

We think it is vital that people understand that the EU decision making process in no way resembles the Soviet Union. This categorically is not the case with the EU. If you are interested you can follow every proposal from beginning to end, every step of the way and you have the right to contact the EU setting out your concerns. We are the first to admit that unless you have a particular interest in VAT transactions or derivatives the whole thing may make you want to fall asleep – but being boring and dull is not the same as being undemocratic or intransparent.

You ask, is the European Parliament ranked third after the Commission and the Council?

No. There is no ranking of the institutions. They are all equal but have different roles to play in forming and shaping legislation.

What about the European Council? Is that not just a cabal of industrial interests and corporations?

Only a national minister sitting in government has the right to attend Council meetings. Currently, only Conservative ministers from the UK have the right to attend these important meetings where legislation is shaped because the Conservative Party won a majority at the last election. Not a representative from the Labour Party, not a newspaper magnate, not a CEO, not a corporation, not an NGO – only a minister sitting in government. Their role is to represent the national interest – and they do.

What about the European Commission? Isn’t it an unelected bureaucracy proposing ever more legislation that it can impose on the rest of Europe?

No. At the very top the European Commissioners are chosen by their national governments. They are selected by the Prime Minister who himself/herself has been elected. New European Commissioners must first be vetted by the European Parliament, which you elected, before they are allowed to take up their appointment. It is a tough vetting process. Some are rejected.

The institution itself, however, is not democratic. It can be compared to Whitehall. In the same way that Whitehall is staffed by civil servants to aid and assist ministers so too the European Commission is staffed by public servants who aid and assist Commissioners.

The Commission has the sole right of proposing legislation and that does, indeed, give it a certain advantage because it can shape the proposal. The Commission, however, is bound by law to look at the whole picture and not the interest of an individual member state. When drafting legislation, the European Commission is obliged to prepare Impact Assessment Reports justifying why it has the right to legislate, if the legislation is really necessary, what alternatives to legislation exist and how to ensure the legislation is as efficient as possible and not simply burdening stakeholders. If the proposal passes muster – and sometimes it does not – it is forwarded to both the European Council and the European Parliament for further consideration. During the decision making process the Commission’s role is to act as mediator between the Council and the European Parliament to try and find compromise or agreement in cases of dispute. Interestingly, one point that is often lost in this debate, is that the EU is now proposing far fewer rules. The European Commission’s better regulation agenda limits new regulations and even withdraws existing ones. Most other EU members also want less red tape!

To sum up, the EU is so democratic it will respect the British voters’ decision whatever the outcome and not impose a legal challenge or military intervention. Your vote. Your decision. Your future.

Could the EU be more democratic?

Potentially, but this would mean power draining away from national parliaments. The right-wing element in the Conservative Party, which is currently accusing the EU of being undemocratic, is the very party that has vociferously resisted any moves to introduce more democracy.

How far reaching is EU law?

The EU can only create laws where is has been assigned the right to do so. EU powers are clearly set out and specified in law. If the right to legislate is not in the law book they cannot and do not legislate. They are forbidden from over-stepping their powers. Thus, for example, the Treaties do not grant the EU the right to legislate on:

  • Foreign affairs
  • Defence spending
  • Running the justice department
  • Criminal sentencing
  • Health spending
  • Education
  • Taxation (other than VAT within bands for the Single Market)

The EU has no interest in these matters. EU law is designed to ensure good relations between neighbours.

Yes, but isn’t the EU legally obliged to grow and take over more powers from national governments in many of the areas you think are safe guarded?

To paraphrase Margaret Thatcher: No. No. No. The EU categorically is NOT legally obliged to grow and take over more powers from national government. This is totally untrue. As already said, the EU can only legislate in very specific areas set out in the EU Treaties. If it is not in the law book it is not law.  This is very well monitored and looked into.  Any attempt by the EU to exceed its powers would be challenged by the member states and, as we say above, any EU legislative initiative does have to undergo an Impact Assessment where the right to legislate is set out by reference to the appropriate treaty article.

When Vote Leave talk about more powers going to Brussels they are referring to something that might happen in the future that has not yet been decided. Every ten years or so the EU Treaties are revised which is the point when potentially new powers could be introduced. It should be emphasised that treaty revision requires unanimity – that is to say every single member state must agree or there is no treaty revision. The UK has used its veto in the past and it can do so in the future should it feel there is too much power being given to the EU.

Is Westminster sovereign?

Yes. Parliament is still sovereign over all domestic matters. It is the highest decision making body in the United Kingdom.

Is EU law supreme to British law?

Yes – but only in the area where it has been given the power to legislate.

This supremacy of EU law is important for the functioning of the Single Market. The EU is not prepared, for understandable reasons, to compromise on this. The European Court of Justice has found in Britain’s favour on numerous occasions where either a Member State or private company has not been applying EU law fairly. Remember Westminster cannot over-rule EU law but then neither can Germany, France, Italy, Poland etc. It applies equally to all members. There is no cherry-picking to suit national interests.

Can the EU be reformed?

Of course it can and yes it does reform itself all the time. The Treaties themselves are reformed every ten years or so. The last time this was done was in 2008 which updated the Treaty of Maastricht and the new treaty is referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon.

Regarding EU policies – from agriculture to fisheries, from food safety to financial services they are constantly being updated and reformed to match our changing world.

Does Britain have any influence in Europe?

Yes. A lot. To name a few examples: The drive towards privatising the electricity, telecoms and water markets across Europe was not a French or Italian initiative. It was Britain’s desire to see the European market liberalised that resulted in former state-owned utility companies across Europe (and not just in the UK) being privatised. Without Britain’s influence many of these companies might still be state-owned.

It was the Conservative Party under John Major and later the Labour Party under Tony Blair that pushed for rapid EU expansion into the former communist countries of Eastern Europe. Many other member states had qualms about the scope and pace of this expansion. The British, nevertheless, pressed for it. The British got it.

On animal welfare the British government pushed for a reform of the way animals are transported across the EU. The EU listened and stricter safeguards regarding animal welfare standards were introduced European wide.

Britain has a lot of credibility within the EU. There is a huge amount of respect for Britain’s huge sacrifices and efforts during the Second World War. Britain is viewed as fair, honest and law abiding. She is seen as bringing a certain gravitas to the table. When Britain partakes in the EU she is listened to. When she ignores the EU and does not join in the debate she is in turn ignored and ends up having little influence on the policies being shaped. Influence ebbs from the UK and drains towards Germany.

Does Britain always get what she wants in the EU?

No. The United Kingdom is not an imperial power in Europe. Britain has influence and standing but not an army poised to impose her laws on the continent. Her concerns are often taken into account (see above) but she cannot always force her way of thinking if there is not a favourable majority view. Being a member does, however, mean she can try and persuade her view to be endorsed. This can and does happen (see above). The current government, however, has chosen to side-line and ignore the EU rather than engage and participate and so our influence in recent years is diminished.

Britain is the fifth largest economy in the world. Can she go it alone?

No. Britain is the fifth largest economy in the world in part because she is a member of the European Union. The rights and privileges granted to us by being a member has pushed us into this pole position. The United Kingdom acts as a portal into Europe. If , on 23rd June, we vote to leave this portal is closed and the UK looks a lot less attractive.

If we leave in order to take back control we close the gate. Germany and France have made it clear they will interpret an out vote as the sovereign wish of the British people. The EU is, as explained above, a democratic body and it does and it will respect whatever decision Britain makes. Standing alone, Britain is a small market of 65 million. Non-EU countries are unlikely to show much interest in investing in a country that does not meet EU standards. They will gravitate towards the bigger continental European market. Ask yourself: if you had the choice of investing in a market of 430 million or a closed market of 65 million which one would you choose?

It is true that Britain has excellent contacts with non-EU countries in North America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Asia. But investors in these countries are only interested in the big prize: the European market. Take that out of the equation and the United Kingdom looks small and insignificant.

Could we negotiate a trade agreement and still stay out?

Yes. But what is the point? Britain would still be expected to pay towards the EU budget, we would still have to accept EU laws on standards and free movement as a condition of access – but we would have no say in how those laws are shaped. EU law would still be supreme. We would be like Norway, sitting on the side-lines with no say in the game. The Swiss model is about to fall apart and Canada is still negotiating its trade agreement with the EU – seven years later.

Do we really send £350m per week to Brussels?

No. This is plain wrong. According to the FT, our annual contribution is expected to be £13bn in 2015. Of that £4.5bn is returned as farming subsidies and regional development funds. A further £1.4bn comes back in grants to the private sector. This means that in fact we send £136m a week. The cost of membership is less than 30p per person a day (about the cost of an apple).

What about immigration?

Critics of the EU claim that the UK has no control over our borders. This again is plain wrong. For anyone who has taken the ferry, plane or Eurostar into the UK they will be aware that there are a lot of controls vetting those who come in and out of the UK. The UK is not a part of Schengen, so unlike travelling, say, between Belgium and France or France and Spain, it is simply not possible to move freely into the UK. Everyone has to show their passports at the border including British citizens.

What the UK cannot stop is the free migration of EU economic migrants. This works both ways – British citizens are free to find work in any EU member state and vice versa. Even if there is a Vote Leave this is not likely to change. Further, EU economic migrants should not be confused with refugees or asylum seekers from outside of the EU as Nigel Farage does with his infamous poster. Nor should they be confused with economic migrants coming from outside of the EU such as from North America, Australia, Africa or Asia.

What about defence – is it true the EU wants to take defence away from NATO?

The EU is a “soft” power which is not interested in military adventures or interventions regardless of what Vote Leave would have you believe. The EU is happy to leave that side of things to NATO. It’s not because both NATO and the EU are based in Brussels that they are in competition with each other or looking to replicate each other’s role. NATO is for defence. The EU for commerce. There are no concrete proposals afoot to dismantle NATO and replace is with a European army. This is Project Fear in reverse.

One thing that is important to understand though is that whilst the EU is not in the least bit interested in branching into military defence and adventures the fact that the EU boosts prosperity has led to an unprecedented period of peace in Europe. If the EU collapses what is the alternative? No one, least of all Boris Johnson or Nigel Farage, have put forward an interesting alternative that is worth considering. In fact they have no alternative other than a retreat back into the nation state and isolationism – and when that was the case inevitably Europe descended into war.

To conclude, we hope that the above reassures anyone going to the polls on Thursday that they have little to fear from the EU – and everything to fear from a fragmented, broken Europe in which right-wing sentiment is on the rise. We do not have night sweats over the EU and nor should you. We do have night-sweats over a future in which right-wing demagoguery is once again the major political force.

No one is suggesting for a single moment that the EU is perfect, that it does not have its flaws or that all is rosy in Euro-land. Far from it. The EU, like the rest of the world is facing challenges from immigration to economic stagnation, from the rise of global despots to the breakdown of peaceful countries on our borders. These challenges can only be faced if we stand together to find common solutions. Let us face the future together confident that the shared European values expressed in Article 2 are the final litmus test for a peaceful, prosperous future.

Best wishes,

One thought on “A Letter to the United Kingdom

  1. Pingback: Why the EU referendum is not legitimate | EU Perspectives

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A range of function rooms are available to be used separately, or combined. State of the art conferencing facilities are provided to cater for conferences and seminars, big or small. Our wine cellar is suitable for more intimate functions and conferences. Our breakaway meeting rooms which are also suitable for smaller conferences are located on the first floor with majestic views of the Euphoria landscape and golf course.

Choose from a variety of romantic settings such as under the Marula tree on the 11th fairway, the Ntshonalanga Restaurant on top of the Waterberg mountain with spectacular views of ilanga lishona overlooking the golf estate and springbok plains, or a romantic Boma under the stars.

Closer to the putting green lies a multifunctional venue that has become a favourite for outdoor weddings.

Choose from a wide variety of linen, chairs, crockery and glassware. Our internal décor teams are at hand to help.

The Bazobuya Conference Rooms, Ntshonalanga Restaurant, Hapo Zamani Fine Dining Restaurant, and the Wine Cellar are ideal for any occasion and can cater for small to large groups.


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UWE – Der Festival 2019

UWE is an international theatre festival which is held every second summer and has been created by students of the Theatre Academy August Everding in Munich. This year, productions from Brno, Essen, Hannover, Leipzig, Ludwigsburg, Paris, Prague and Munich were invited to inspire each other.
Among the variety of plays and performances, the students successfully established a space in which workshops, panels and films were offered.

click here for more information


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Cat's Cradle

Junior Brown, with Buckshot Betty

February 28, 2020 8:00 PM

Doors Open: 7:00 PM
More Information
ADVANCED: $20.00
DAY OF: $24.00

ADVANCED Public Onsale: February 4, 2020 3:00 PM to February 28, 2020 12:00 AM
DAY OF Public Onsale: February 28, 2020 12:00 AM to February 28, 2020 6:00 PM
This is a seated show.

With his unique voice, more unique song writing, and even more unique double necked "Guit-Steel" guitar, there has absolutely never been ANYONE like Junior Brown. He's an American Original. Born in 1952 in Cottonwood, Arizona, Junior Brown showed an affinity for music at an early age when the family moved to a rural area of Indiana near Kirksville. In the following years, Junior began to experience Country music and remembers it as "growing up out of the ground like the crops - it was everywhere; coming out of cars, houses, gas stations and stores like the soundtrack of a story, but Country music programs on TV hadn't really come along much yet; not until the late fifties." Discovering a guitar in his grandparent's attic, he spent the next several years woodshedding with records and the radio. Junior was also able to tap into music he couldn't hear at home which older, college aged kids were listening to. This was possible due to his father's employment at small campuses throughout the next decade as the family moved twice again. As a young boy he was able to experience the thrill of performing before live audiences, at parties, school functions even singing and playing guitar for five thousand Boy Scouts at an Andrews Air Force Base jamboree; then while still a teenager, getting the chance to sit in with Rock and Roll pioneer, Bo Diddley. Armed with this broad spectrum of influences, he began to develop a storehouse of musical chops.

Early on, Junior realized he had to keep his interest in Country music a secret; "it was like a secret friend I carried around, being careful not to tell anyone (especially girls) about my love for it because I thought they would laugh at me." It wasn't until the late 1960's that Junior Brown would proudly explore the passion for the music he had loved since his early childhood in Indiana. With many prominent figures as his inspiration (Country legends, some who he would work with years later), he spent his nights in small clubs across the southwest. "I played more nights in honkytonks during the Seventies and Eighties than most musicians will see in a lifetime... I did so many years of that, night after night, four sets a night, fifteen minute breaks; I mean after that, you've gotta get good or you gotta get out. The early 1970's California Country dance club scene was particularly competitive, but I learned professionalism and stage demeanor which has served me well to this day." More recently however, Junior has shown himself to be equally adept at a wide variety of American music styles beyond Country. These include Rock and Roll, Blues, Hawaiian, Bluegrass and Western Swing.

Links: Website | Facebook | Twitter
Number of Tickets
Limit 8 tickets per order.

* Does not include convenience or handling fees.


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W&M Law BLSA's 25th Annual Oliver Hill Scholarship Banquet
Saturday, April 4
11:30am - 1:30pm
National Center for State Courts | 300 Newport Ave, Williamsburg, VA 23185

Join the Black Law Student Association and alumni as we commemorate the 25th annual Oliver HIll Scholarship Banquet.

Emerging Challenges and Tools: Navigating National Security in Multi-Level All Domain Environments
Wednesday, April 8
8am - 5pm
Alan B. Miller Hall (Business School)

Today’s national security challenges transcend borders and domains. Join us at the 3rd Annual National Security Conference to discuss challenges, policy dilemmas, tools, and sustained outcomes  in a multi-level, all domain environment.

16th Annual Ali's 5k Walk / Run
Saturday, April 11
8am - 12pm
Law School, Lobby

Come out and join the William & Mary Law School Bone Marrow Drive for the 16th Ali's Run 5k run and walk! Every spring, Ali's Run raises money and awareness for bone marrow donations while honoring the memory of Ali Kaplan.

Lecture by Professor Howard Shelanski
Wednesday, April 15
12:50pm - 1:50pm
Law School, TBA

The Center for the Study of Law and Markets will host a lecture by Professor Howard Shelanski of Georgetown Law School. Free admission and all are welcome.

2020 Mervis Lecture: Professor Colleen Chien
Thursday, April 16
12:50pm - 1:50pm
Law School, TBA

Professor Colleen Chien of Santa Clara University School of Law will present the 2020 Mervis Lecture at William & Mary Law School.  Free admission and the public is welcome.


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What’s the very best thing you’ve ever smelled in your life? Is that a question you can answer without hesitation? When I ponder this topic, quite a few top contenders come instantly to mind. Maybe not surprisingly at all, the majority of my answers are related to travel and food. The smell of cannoli wafting in the air in Florence, the wall of rosemary down a staircase on the Amalfi coast, the salty sea air in South Carolina. While all of these are amazing memories, I can say without a doubt that the best thing I have ever smelled was the air while standing in line outside of Tartine in San Francisco.

The line snakes from the counter inside along the front perimeter of the restaurant, out the door and up the sidewalk along the side of the bakery. Part of the line on the sidewalk is against the wall of the actual bakery portion of the building, with only a screened window separating customers from the brilliance going on inside. I watched in wonder as bakers kneaded bread dough, finished tarts, and more. The entire time, I was totally overwhelmed by the incredible scent of the bakery air. It was absolute heaven. As much as I wanted to eat some of their creations, I almost never wanted the line to move so I could just stay there in that blissful spot watching and inhaling the good, good air.

When we eventually made our way to the counter, we tried many things. And then we came back again the next day, because how could we resist the chance for more Tartine? While I loved almost everything we tried there, the morning buns were the thing that stuck with me the most. When I dream of the smell of Tartine, it’s the morning buns that I see in my mind. Since I don’t plan to travel there again in the near future, I needed a way to recreate them at home. I was surprised to see that in all of my Tartine cookbooks, the recipe was not included. After doing some online research, it appears this was an oversight. Thankfully, I found multiple articles that explained their method. It was instantly apparent what sets Tartine morning buns apart from other cinnamon rolls – they are cinnamon rolls MADE WITH CROISSANT DOUGH. Level up.

If you’ve never tried your hand at making your own croissant dough, now’s the time to give it a try. I promise, it is so worth the time and effort. Laminated doughs are such a gratifying kitchen project and to me, this is the tastiest possible outcome. The batch of dough makes more than you need at once and freezes beautifully, so you can bake a couple rounds of croissants, morning buns, etc. if you choose. These are baked in a muffin pan and that is genius because the outer layers become crisp and slightly caramelized while the interior is tender and buttery with cinnamon sugar and a hint of orange zest. The grainy, sparkly coating of sugar is the perfect finishing touch. I speak from experience when I say that these plus a few good friends and a bottle of something bubbly makes for a perfect weekend brunch.

There are some things I’ve been meaning to share with you for so long, it seems silly to share them now. The latter half of our San Francisco and California trip is one of them. After much consideration, I’ve decided to just go ahead with it because even though a lot of time has passed since that trip, the memories are still strong and I still want to tell you about the rest of it!

  • Prep don't ask
  • Cook 35-45 minutes
  • Yield about 1 dozen buns

For the preferment:

  • ¾ cup (150 ml) low-fat milk
  • 1 tbsp. (15 ml) active dry yeast
  • 1 1/3 cups (175 grams) all-purpose flour

For the croissant dough:

  • 1 tbsp. + 1 tsp. (20 ml) active dry yeast
  • 1¾ cups (425 ml) whole milk
  • 6 cups (800 grams) all-purpose flour
  • 1/3 cup (70 grams) granulated sugar
  • 1 tbsp. + 1 tsp. (20 ml) kosher salt
  • 1 tbsp. (14 grams) unsalted butter, melted

Roll in butter:

  • 2¾ cups (625 grams) unsalted butter, cool but pliable

For the filling:

  • ½ cup (99 grams) granulated sugar
  • ½ cup (106 grams) light brown sugar
  • Finely grated zest of 2 medium oranges
  • 2 tbsp. ground cinnamon
  • ¼ tsp. kosher salt
  • 8 tbsp. (113 grams) unsalted butter, melted and cooled slightly, plus more for coating the pan

To finish:

  • Additional granulated sugar

  • 01

    To make the preferment, place the milk in a small saucepan and heat just enough to take the chill off. It should register between 80˚ and 90˚ F on an instant-read thermometer. Pour the milk into a mixing bowl, add the yeast and stir to dissolve. Then add the flour, mixing until a smooth batter forms. Cover with cheesecloth and let rise until nearly doubled in volume, about 2-3 hours at room temperature or overnight in the refrigerator.

  • 02

    To make the dough, measure out all of the ingredients and have them nearby. Transfer the preferment and then the additional yeast to the large bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the dough hook. Stir until the yeast is incorporated into the preferment, 1-2 minutes, scraping down the sides of the bowl as needed. When the mixture is even, increase the speed to medium and mix for a couple of minutes. Slowly add half of the milk and continue to mix until fully incorporated.

  • 03

    Reduce the mixer speed to low. Add in the flour, sugar, salt, melted butter, and the remaining milk. Mix until this comes together in a loose dough, about 3 minutes. Turn off the mixer and let the dough rest for 15-20 minutes.

  • 04

    After the rest, return the mixer to low speed and mix until the dough is smooth and elastic, up to 4 minutes. If the dough is very firm, add milk 1 tablespoon at a time to loosen it. Be careful to avoid overmixing so that the final product will not be tough. Cover the bowl with cheesecloth and let the dough rise in a cool place until the volume increases by half, about 1½ hours.

  • 05

    Lightly flour a work surface. Transfer the dough to the work surface and press into a rectangle 2 inches thick. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and slip into a plastic bag and seal closed. Transfer to the refrigerator and chill for 4-6 hours.

  • 06

    About 1 hour before you are ready to start laminating the dough, put the roll-in butter into the bowl of a mixer fitted with the paddle attachment. Mix on medium speed until malleable but not warm or soft, about 3 minutes. Remove the butter from the bowl, wrap in plastic wrap, and place in the refrigerator to chill but not resolidify.

  • 07

    To begin laminating the dough, lightly flour a cool work surface. Remove the dough and butter from the refrigerator. Unwrap the dough and place it on the floured surface. Roll out into a rectangle 28 by 12 inches. With the long side of the rectangle facing you and starting from the left side, spread and spot the butter over two-thirds of the length of the rectangle. Fold the uncovered third over the butter, and then fold the left third over the center, as if folding a business letter. This rectangle is known as a plaque. With your fingers, push down along the seams at the top and bottom to seal the butter into the plaque.

  • 08

    Give the plaque a quarter turn so that the seams are now to the right and left. Again, roll out the dough into a rectangle 28 by 12 inches, and fold in the same manner. Wrap in plastic wrap or slip into a plastic bag and place in the refrigerator 1½ to 2 hours to relax the gluten in the dough before you make the third fold or “turn”.

  • 09

    Lightly flour the work surface once more if needed. Remove the dough from the refrigerator, unwrap, and again roll out into a rectangle 28 by 12 inches. Fold into thirds in the same manner. You should have a plaque of dough about 9 by 12 inches and 1½ to 2 inches thick. Wrap in plastic wrap or slip into a plastic bag, place on a quarter sheet pan, and immediately place into the freezer to chill for at least 1 hour. At this point, the dough can remain frozen and be thawed in the refrigerator for about 24 hours before using. If you plan to use the following morning after making the dough, move the dough from the freezer to the refrigerator before going to bed for the evening.

  • 10

    Weigh your finished dough to be sure you are using the correct quantity. You will need 2 pounds of the croissant dough for 1 dozen morning buns. Transfer the correct amount of dough to a lightly floured work surface. Roll the chilled dough into rectangle about 17 by 7 inches. (If you use only 1 pound of dough to make 6 buns, roll to 8 x 7 inches.) Brush the rectangle generously with the melted butter. Sprinkle the sugar mixture into an even layer over the rectangle of dough.

  • 11

    Use additional melted butter to brush the bottoms and sides of the wells of your muffin pan. Sprinkle the insides of the wells very lightly with sugar. Starting on the long side of the rectangle, roll the dough up into a tight cylinder to enclose the filling. Use a sharp knife to slice into 1½-inch segments, and place each one into a well of the prepared muffin pan with a cut, swirled side up. Cover loosely with a clean kitchen towel and let stand at room temperature (no warmer than 75˚ F) to proof for about 2 hours.

  • 12

    Move the top oven rack to the middle position. Place a rimmed baking sheet on the bottom rack to catch any butter drippings. Heat the oven to 375˚ F. Bake 35-45 minutes or until deep golden brown. Remove the pan to a wire rack. Cool briefly, then carefully remove the buns from the pan. Let stand a few minutes until cool enough to handle. Lightly dredge in additional sugar to coat, shaking off the excess.

  • 13

      • I used instant yeast instead of active dry.
      • I used whole milk for all steps.


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Tamrac Derechoe Shoulder Bag

Tamrac Derechoe Shoulder Bag

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The fast pace of life in the city means you'll want a bag that can match your hustle and keep your gear safely at hand—especially if you EDC a camera. The Tamrac Derechoe shoulder bag gives you peace of mind and easy access to what you need.

Unlike most camera bags, its low-key exterior doesn't draw unwanted attention to your gear. But inside its structured main compartment, it's well-padded with lightweight foam dividers to protect and organize your camera and lenses. Even if you don't EDC a camera, you can configure or remove the dividers to fit your carry.

No need to fuss with clunky buckles if you're in a hurry either, as its magnetic Fidlock closures allow easy, one-handed access to your equipment. Other essentials go in its zippered front admin pocket, and its double polyurethane-coated exterior keeps your kit dry.

The Derechoe is available in three sizes and two colors. You can choose the one that's right for you at the link below.

Buy on Amazon

#bags #bags-pouches #choose #urban #product-overview #shoulder-bag #derechoe #tamrac see all

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Whispers of H.O.P.E.

Blog Post created by indingrl.01.06.2011 on Jan 16, 2020

Hearing.Other.Peoples.Experience. That is what I was taught H.O.P.E. was - I read the BLOGS to keep learning - this life has MANY up and downs in MY DAY and once in a while a blinding upper cut that BLINDS ME - I cry so HARD - I can't breathe - so I cWHISPER to MY God in Jesus name - this is MY prayer  - to be joy filled that I am NOT smoking over ANYTHING - that I remember the teaching from other's who shared their experiences with the lessons of N.O.P.E. - I thank God for Joel at teaching ME - NEVER TAKE ANOTHER PUFF EVER - this life on life's terms throws at ME- to remember ALL those who BLOG their experince at living ONE DAY at a time in GRATITUDE for ONE day lived NICOTINE FREE  - please I am talking about ME not anyone else - please take what HELPS and let go of the rest - to be HELPFUL is MY only aim - thank you - I have prayed for the willingness to be willing and to LEARN continually - I just have to live this moment - this second - this minute - people constantly BLOG - I use to smoke over this NOW I don't - I exercise - people say - I went to a funeral and I didn't smoke - people say - I ate a meal and I didn't smoke when I was done eating - people say - I went to the doctor - he said I have cancer and I didn't smoke over it - people say -  isn't it wonderful - WE didnt take ONE puff over - ourselves OR each other OR over OUR past OR over .............. This GIVES ME so much H.O.P.E.!!!!!!!!!!!


text:
Let's make a deal   49/90

Blog Post created by PastTense on Jan 23, 2020

I talk a lot about quitting being a journey and not an event. I realize that for some of you; that is not a true statement. You made a decision, put out the cigarette and never looked back. I applaud you and am in awe.

That has not been my experience. My experience with quitting is not clean cut. I have been “quitting” for well over 16 years, since breaking a successful quit with just one smoke. I put quitting in quotation marks for a reason; because what I called “quitting” was really just a series of deals I made with myself to enable me to pretend I’m quitting when I’m really smoking.

Some of you may be familiar with the deals.

I’ve been quit a week so I can buy a pack and smoke just one to celebrate and I’ll get right back on track

My spouse is out of town this weekend, so I can smoke and it doesn’t count. If I smoke now I’ll get right back on track

                I can smoke when I am out of town and it doesn’t count. I’ll never smoke at home.

I want to have 90 days smoke free by my birthday. This is the last cigarette until then. Make that 60 days.   Make it 30 days.

I have made those deals and many more just like them for years. I am done making deals.

Keep the quit


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Hyundai Announces Project to Generate Electricity Using Hydrogen Vehicle Technology

  • Hyundai Motor signs MOU to build 1 MW hydrogen fuel cell power facility in Korea
  • NEXO power module to generate 8,000 MWh of electricity annually with zero emissions
  • Hyundai continues effort to build Hydrogen Society in line with ‘FCEV Vision 2030’

April 17, 2019 – Hyundai Motor Company has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with two South Korean energy firms to generate electricity from hydrogen, using technology from the company’s NEXO hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to power around 2,200 homes.

The pilot project, conducted under the MOU with Korea East-West Power (EWP) and Deokyang, will deliver a 1-megawatt (MW) hydrogen fuel cell power facility, with Hyundai Motor building the fuel cell system, EWP managing the facility and sale of electricity, and Deokyang supplying the hydrogen.

The agreement was finalized in a signing ceremony attended by Hyundai’s Head of Strategy and Technology Division, President and Chief Innovation Officer Youngcho Chi, along with presidents Il Jun Park and Chi Yoon Lee of EWP and Deokyang, respectively.

The 1 MW power facility, scheduled to break ground later this year in the city of Ulsan, will consist of two container-type 500 kW generator modules, each loaded with multiple power modules from Hyundai’s flagship fuel cell vehicle NEXO.

The facility will generate an annual supply of 8,000 MWh, enough electricity to power approximately 2,200 households at 300 kWh per month, while emitting zero greenhouse gases or pollution because it is fueled by hydrogen.

The hydrogen used in the facility will be byproduct hydrogen brought from a nearby petrochemical complex through a pipe network, reducing costs and making use of local energy sources.

The pilot project presents an opportunity for Hyundai Motor to take its fuel cell technology beyond the automotive industry to achieve economy of scale, which will subsequently lead to cost competitiveness, job creation, and growth of other related industries.

EWP will be able to secure an increased share of renewables in its energy mix, while Deokyang will be a step closer to bringing down the price of hydrogen through increased trade volume and stable management of supply and demand.

Hyundai Motor will collaborate closely with EWP and Deokyang to expand the scope of the project down the line.

Hyundai hopes to foster the fuel cell industry and other related sectors in the future, and will continue its commitment to leverage its fuel cell technology to build a Hydrogen Society in accordance with the FCEV Vision 2030 announced earlier this year.

About Hyundai Motor Company

Established in 1967, Hyundai Motor Company is committed to becoming a lifetime partner in automobiles and beyond with its range of world-class vehicles and mobility services offered available in more than 200 countries. Employing more than 110,000 employees worldwide, Hyundai sold more than 4.5 million vehicles globally. Hyundai Motor Company continues to enhance its product line-up with vehicles that are helping to build solutions for a more sustainable future, such as NEXO – the world’s first dedicated hydrogen-powered SUV. In 2018 the company revealed its new design philosophy ‘Sensuous Sportiness’, which will be embodied by all upcoming Hyundai vehicles.

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Ellington Park

Explore Kent
Created by
Explore Kent
  • Public transport
  • Dog waste bins
  • Dogs allowed
  • Rest point
  • Surfaced paths
  • Wheelchair friendly
  • Miniature railway
  • Picnic area
  • Childrens play area
  • Geocaching

Ellington Park, only a couple of minutes walk from Ramsgate train station and not far from the top of the high street, is a gem nestled in the heart of the town. The park has a range of attractions, including a fenced play area for younger children, and a physical activity area which both children and adults can enjoy! The open grass spaces and tree-lined paths make this park popular with families and dog walkers.  There is also a bowling green, an Edwardian bandstand, and a miniature railway line which runs in summer time with small steam powered trains. Access to the park is good by public transport and there is unrestricted parking for cars in nearby residential roads. The park has surfaced pathways running through it and wide access gates at the three entrances. Throughout the year the park also has community events organised by the Friends of Ellington Park, a group of local residents and park users who are committed to improving the facilities and environment of Ellington Park for all users. For further information visit http://www.friendsofellingtonpark.org.uk/

Easy access information

This park and open space has well surfaced routes suitable for visitors with pushchairs and/or wheelchairs, and has no width restricting features, such as stiles or non RADAR kissing gates.

View in Google Maps


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Inside the Category 5 Winds of Hurricane Andrew

Hurricane Andrew was the most damaging single windstorm in world history. Whereas most catastrophic hurricanes are defined by their storm surges and flooding, Andrew proved that the winds in tropical cyclones can be just as devastating. (Image courtesy of Michael Laca)

After decades of relative inactivity in the Atlantic basin, Hurricane Andrew marked the first time in modern history that a Category 4 or Category 5 hurricane had directly threatened a large American city. As people across the country watched, the tightly wound storm took aim on downtown Miami. On August 23rd, 1992, journalists and camera crews positioned themselves in iconic areas throughout the city. By 1am on August 24th, winds were howling across Dade County. Employees at the National Hurricane Center, then located in Coral Gables, had the dual task of monitoring the storm and protecting themselves as windows shattered in the upper floors of their building.

Hurricane Andrew strengthened up until, and slightly after, its South Florida landfall. The storm was extremely well shaped, and easily had the most intense and symmetrical eyewall ever captured up-close by land-based radar.

At the break of dawn, the eye of the storm was entering the Gulf of Mexico and the winds across Dade County had begun to die down. Daylight revealed extensive damage across the city of Miami and Coral Gables. Strangely, however, there was little word from areas farther south. A last minute dip in the storm’s path meant that the urbanized areas south of Miami, from Kendall to Florida City, had taken the brunt of the storm. Despite the widespread use of video cameras in the early 90’s, no clear footage exists of the storm at its height. Nearly all of the videos taken south of 152nd Street end abruptly at 4am.

Few videos exist of Hurricane Andrew’s landfall in Dade County. At top left, a clip from a journalist and his cameraman as they filmed the hurricane throughout the city, spending the majority of the storm on South Beach. At bottom left, Dennis Smith from the Weather Channel broadcast live footage of the hurricane in Coral Gables. At right, storm chaser Michael Laca recorded the duration of the storm in Coconut Grove. All three of these films were taken well north of the worst affected areas.

News helicopters and emergency crews quickly realized the extent of the damage. Cities to the south of Miami had taken the full force of the Category 5 hurricane, leaving tens of thousands of people homeless. Nearly everyone who lived south of 152nd Street seemed to agree that “something unusual happened” between 4am and 6am the morning of August 24th. In the words of one Homestead resident –“I’ve been through plenty of hurricanes, and all of them together was nothing compared to this.”

Tests in wind tunnels have found that winds of 130mph are required to overturn a minivan at its most sensitive angle, and winds of 150mph to 180mph are needed for them to be flipped at other angles (Schmidlin, 2003). Hurricane Andrew overturned more cars than any hurricane in history. At left, two vehicles in Homestead were flipped end over end inside a garage. At right, a U-Haul truck was blown atop the roof of a building. In both cases, the proximity of the vehicles to buildings likely contributed to their movements. (NOAA Photo Library)

Hurricane Andrew’s right front quadrant came ashore in the vicinity of Cutler. As would be expected, the maximum storm surge of 17ft occurred in this area. Due to the storm’s fairly rapid forward speed, the most extreme winds should have occurred along the immediate coastline of Cutler and East Perrine. And indeed, the damage was astounding. Trees in the area were stripped bare, and some homes near the shoreline were unroofed and partially leveled by wind gusts in excess of 175mph. The Pinewood Villas, a one-story apartment community in Cutler Ridge, experienced some of the most severe wind damage in the area. Several apartment buildings in the complex were completely leveled, and the remaining units suffered extensive internal damage as doors were ripped from their hinges. Professor Fujita toured the damage at the Pinewood Villas and noted the inconsistent nature of the destruction, which was reminiscent of the narrow streaks of damage left by tornadoes.

At left, a seven-story Holiday Inn was gutted of furniture and some interior walls by the hurricane. At right, a view of damage in Pinewood Villas, one of the areas Professor Fujita visited. He deemed some of the building damage to be of F3 intensity. (NOAA Photo Library)

A little farther inland in Cutler, the hurricane punched through the windows and walls of large retailers and completely gutted a two-story furniture store. Due to Andrew’s incredible power and brisk westward motion, areas well inland were affected by wind gusts over 150mph. The Tamiami Airport, located 10 miles from the coast, suffered tens of millions of dollars in damage. Airplanes were flipped and rolled into piles, and the airport’s hangars were shredded to their metal frames.

During the storm, even though routine weather observations had ceased operation, the official weather observer at the airport continued to keep track of the station’s wind dial. Around 4:45am, he noted that the needle became pegged at a position beyond the instrument’s peak value (later shown to be a bit over 120mph). The needle remained fixed at this point for three to five minutes before dropping to zero as the anemometer failed. The weather observer reported that the winds increased in intensity for another 30 minutes, so it is quite likely sustained winds well over 120mph affected the Tamiami Airport (NHC, 1992).

At left, damage to the Tamiami Airport, which was located 10 miles from the coastline and north of the storm’s eye. At right, the devastated Dadeland Mobile Home Park, which was located several miles east of the airport.

Andrew was a rather fast moving storm, so winds in the northern half of the eyewall should have been more than 35mph stronger than winds in the southern eyewall. Despite the destruction in Cutler and Perrine, however, even more intense damage was found farther south. Arguably the most severe wind damage caused by the hurricane was four miles inland in Naranja Lakes, a small community just north of Homestead. The devastation was unusual because the area was near the geographic center of the storm’s path, well away from the onshore winds that affected Cutler Bay. Even more unusual, survivors in Naranja Lakes and Homestead told surveyors that the most extreme winds occurred during the back-eyewall of the hurricane. One woman in Naranja Lakes was fatally injured as her home was destroyed by southerly winds following the passage of the eye.

Extreme damage in Naranja Lakes. The home at left is where Mary Cowin was killed after being impaled by a piece of debris. At right, a streak of leveled buildings through Naranja Lakes that may have been the result of a “mini-swirl.”  Eyewitness statements indicated that the most extreme winds impacted the area around 6am (Powell, 1995). While the exact conditions that led to the extreme damage is unknown, it is theorized that powerful downdrafts may have occurred within the convection cells. (NOAA Photo Library)

Aerial view of damage in Naranja Lakes. Like many properties in the area, buildings that were not leveled still suffered severe internal damage as winds entered residences through windows and doorways. (Image by Carl Seibert)

Radar views of the hurricane provided some clues as to why its southern eyewall caused such incredible damage in Naranja Lakes, Homestead and Florida City. The Miami radar failed as the leading edge of Andrew’s eyewall came ashore, and the Key West radar ceased functioning when the power went out across the region, so no radars within 200 miles of Homestead captured the hurricane as it crossed the coastline. Radar in Tampa, however, was able to fill in the gap, though with slightly less detail due to its distance. As the hurricane came ashore, radar images showed powerful convection cells forming over Homestead and nearby areas in the storm’s southern eyewall. It is likely these dense cells of precipitation led to extremely intense bursts of wind that may have reached 200mph.

View of massive convection cells in Hurricane Andrew’s southern eyewall. These features may explain why the most intense damage was not found in areas affected by Andrew’s right-front quadrant, traditionally the most violent section of a hurricane. The convection cells were not as visible in the storm’s back eyewall, where the most intense winds may have occurred, possibly due to interference from precipitation to the west.

The approximate position of the radar velocities. Areas beneath the bright orange cell include Naranja Lakes and the Homestead Air Force Base.

Images of some of the strongest hurricane winds ever filmed. At left, storm chaser Mike Theiss’s footage of the strongest hurricane winds ever captured on video during Hurricane Charley. Peak wind gusts in the film are likely between 150 and 160mph. At right, legendary storm chaser Jim Leonard captured gusts of 130mph or more whipping through palm trees in Puerto Rico during Hurricane Georges. Peak wind gusts in Hurricane Andrew may have topped 200mph.

The winds that affected Homestead, Florida City and Naranja Lakes were like nothing that has ever been filmed before. Deep convection in Hurricane Andrew’s southern eyewall likely led to near complete white-out conditions during the peak of the storm. Survivors described the roar of the storm as being so loud that “you could barely hear someone screaming next to you.” Lisa Frantz, a Los Angeles resident who survived the storm in her mother’s home in Florida City, described the impact of the storm:

The whole home shook as if it was going to be ripped from the ground. We could hear furniture banging against the walls and being blown out the windows. You could hear some of the gusts right before they hit – it sounded like jet planes were taking off right over us…I was sure we both were going to die.

At left, saplings in a South Dade County nursery were blown to the ground by extreme surface winds. At right, a building that was completely leveled in Naranja Lakes. (Images courtesy of Michael Laca)

Unlike most US hurricanes, the majority of Hurricane Andrew’s deaths were caused by its winds. Falling trees are generally the biggest killer, but the deaths in South Florida were more consistent with tornado-related fatalities. Half of the 15 deaths directly attributed to the storm occurred in the collapse of frame homes or apartment buildings. Additionally: two men sheltering together in a metal storage trailer west of the Tamiami Airport were killed when the container was flipped several times. One man, who was also more than 12 miles inland on SW 198th Street, was killed by flying debris while running for shelter after the building he had been in collapsed. Two more deaths occurred in two separate mobile homes that were obliterated. Only one of the deaths was the result of drowning. (Natural Disaster Survey Report, 1993). A third of the deaths occurred more than 10 miles inland.

Extensive research in the decade following the storm concluded that Hurricane Andrew was significantly stronger than previously estimated (the official intensity at landfall in Homestead was originally 145mph). In 2002, the hurricane was posthumously upgraded to a Category 5 with maximum sustained winds of 175mph. At landfall in Homestead, the storm’s winds are now estimated to have been 165mph, even though the storm’s lowest pressure of 922mb was recorded at this time. The complicated and isolated nature of the wind features in Hurricane Andrew make a single intensity estimate almost impossible to calculate.

At left, view of the NHC’s updated wind contour map of Hurricane Andrew at South Florida landfall. Despite being vastly more accurate than the official intensity prior to the 2002 addendum, the contour map still is unable to account for the extreme wind damage south of Cutler Bay. At right, the contour map overlaying a map of the area.

Hurricane Andrew remains one of only two Category 5 hurricanes to ever make landfall in the United States.* The storm redefined the concept of a hurricane to a whole new generation and left lasting scars in South Florida that are still visible 20 years later. More than anything, the storm highlighted the continued discrepancies that exist between National Hurricane Center estimates and the actual surface conditions in landfalling hurricanes.

*Hurricane Camille’s official landfall intensity of 190mph, according to many objective sources, is inaccurate. The storm was very likely under Category 5 intensity when it crossed the Mississippi coastline.

13 thoughts on “Inside the Category 5 Winds of Hurricane Andrew

  1. Andrew was an atypical hurricane in many ways, and a rare one. It was compact, small, which may have contributed to it’s maintaining very high wind speeds at landfall in South Florida. It was just very tightly wound and compact, and that together with the totally flat landscape in South Florida, and the brief amount of time it was over land, caused it to maintain very high strength. If it had been a larger storm, it may have weakened more, but also it’s trajectory had something to do with it. Andrew took a sharp left turn out around the Bahamas, and just went straight west across the tip of Florida into the Gulf, whereas most hurricanes tend to be steered or turn and ride along the coast more, which weakens them more. Andrew was a perfect storm in that sense. And it was very dry, unusual for a hurricane. Andrew was all wind. Most hurricanes do their damage in storm surge/flooding, and the wind damage is secondary. Andrew did virtually no water damage, save for some inland flooding and marina areas.Sustained winds at landfall were ~165mph, well into Category 5 range, and gusts as high as 190mph I have heard.

    The most recent analog to Andrew may be Hurricane Charley which struck Punta Gorda on the west coast of Florida in 2004. Charley was fairly fast moving, rapidly intensified as it struck land, like Andrew, and very small and tightly wound, Charley did immense wind damage to the Punta Gorda area. Of course due to the disaster of Katrina a year later, Charley was forgotten, but it hit as a strong Category 4 storm, and was the strongest landfalling US hurricane since Andrew. Charley was even stronger than Katrina at landfall, in terms of windspeeds, but of course Katrina dwarfed it in size, pressure, and storm surge. Katrina was a strong Cat 3 at landfall with Cat 5 storm surge.

    • Hurricane Charley was likely the third strongest hurricane to make landfall in the United States since 1930 in terms of sustained winds. What made the ’35 Labor Day, Andrew and Charley so particularly violent, beyond what you said in regards to size and path, was the fact they were intensifying as they made landfall. Any hurricane chaser knows that an intensifying storm with winds of, say, 100mph feels more intense than a weakening hurricane with winds of 110mph. That has always been my experience chasing hurricanes.

  2. Yep, I’ve heard Charley was even stronger in terms of winds than Hugo in 1989 which was a very powerful Cat 4 storm also. I think Charley’s sustained winds at landfall were ~145 mph, & Hugo’s were ~135mph with higher gusts. But Hugo had been much stronger down in the Antilles Islands by the time it reached the US it was barely a Cat 4. Andrew & Charley were intensifying you’re right about that. Charley hit in the broad daylight which is unusual, and some of the video clearly show how powerful the winds were with it. Hugo was larger than Andrew & Charley, but not nearly as large as Katrina. If Charley had stayed over the Gulf a bit longer before hitting west Florida, it probably would have easily reached Cat 5 strength.I think there may be a meteorlogical reason why tightly wound compact hurricanes tend to be stronger in terms of winds, like maybe the winds are just more concentrated and spin faster than in a large, spread-out hurricane which is more diffuse.

    I wonder if any records exist to show how large the 35 Labor Day hurricane was in terms of size, would be interesting to see if it too was a compact small storm like Andrew & Charley, hence the very powerful winds it produced. The Labor Day hurricane I have heard had SUSTAINED winds at ~190mph truly a monster!

    Experts are predicting an active season this year, hard to say when we’ll see another US Cat 5 landfalling again, but they seem to hit on average about every 30 years or so. But if you believe in climate change as I do, it may not be as long. I would bet the next Cat 5 that hits will be in the Gulf or in Florida though, not the East Coast, because the shear tends to be less in those areas and the water is so much warmer and conducive to rapid intensification.

    • The Labor Day Hurricane was one of the smallest on record. I’m too lazy to look up the exact statistics, but it was significantly smaller even than Andrew. Hurricane force winds extended only 20 miles or so from the center, leaving Miami and Key West with only gale force winds. Storm size is one of the most important factors in wind development as the pressure gradient is directly correlated with surface winds. This is the reason I do not believe Typhoon Tip had winds as strong as smaller, more tightly wound storms with extremely low pressures.

      The Labor Day Hurricane’s central pressure was verified by multiple sources, with several areas recording readings below 910mb including:
      892mb in a boat on Crag Key
      899mb at the extreme southern tip of Upper Matecumbe
      902.5mb near the Matecumbe Hotel
      913.5mb at the Long Key Fishing camp

      As a result, I believe the storm – with its extremely low pressure and small size (and gradient of more than 7mb per mile+) was one of the most intense in recorded history. Sustained winds likely were in excess of 200mph in a small area that affected Matecumbe/Islamorada.

  3. Andrew had the most symmetrical & perfect donut shape on radar I have ever seen with a landfalling hurricane. I think you’re correct it was intensifying just before landfall & even over land. I am no meteorological expert but I wonder if there is a historical pattern between the Category 5 storms that make landfall in terms of their latitude. For instance, in the last century, two of the three landfalling Category 5 hurricanes in the US occured in the same area, south Florida (Labor Day 1935 & Andrew ’92). The Florida penninsula is so flat & narrow, & extends so far south, that the sea temperatures are probably warmer there than on the East Coast & even the Gulf of Mexico basin. So therefore hurricanes have more potential to be at Category 5 strength when they hit the southern tip of Florida, due to its more southern latitude.

    Of course, with sea temperatures rising, this will probably make the chances of landfalling Category 4 & 5 hurricanes greater, whereas in the past, those storms might have weakened just before landfall, due to cooler waters by the coast, or shear interference. Of course Cat 4 & 5 storms are inherently rare regardless, that’s why only 3 Cat 5 storms hit in the 20th century. But south Florida seems to be prime real estate for 4 & 5 storms because of the factors I mentioned, and will continue to be so, I suspect. I still believe the most vulnerable US metropolis to a hurricane direct hit are Miami & Tampa. Andrew was a small storm which skirted Miami proper, just to the south, but if it had hit a bit north, it would have been catastrophic. Tampa is also highly vulnerable if a Charley-like storm hit it head-on. And then there’s New Orleans, of course. But to sum up I think the tip of Florida is the most likely place where a future Cat 5 will hit, due to its southernmost location & based on history.

  4. How exactly does a hurricane’s winds work differently from a tornado’s winds besides the fact that hurricanes only produce straight-line winds? For example, why does it take longer for a hurricane with 190mph winds to destroy a well-built house versus a tornado with 190mph winds that could most likely destroy a well-built house in a matter of seconds?

  5. Also speaking of strongest hurricane wind gusts captured on film, how strong do you reckon these winds gusts would be from Typhoon Yolanda?

    • I personally believe that James Reynolds and Jim Edds both captured the strongest hurricane winds ever filmed. Having reviewed the few clips of their footage available at this time, I’d say they probably got footage of sustained winds near 145mph to 150mph with gusts to, perhaps, 170mph. The strongest winds ever filmed prior would have been in Hurricane Charley, particularly Mike Theiss’ gas station video, and were likely sustained around 140mph at its peak. Jim Edds has said that Typhoon Haiyan’s winds felt stronger than Charley.

      Tornadic winds are far more destructive than straight-line winds due to:

      a) The vertical component of the winds, which undermines the expected force of gravity.

      b) Extremely rapid changes in wind direction and speed, which causes extreme structural stress due to wind acceleration and opposing velocity forces.

      c) The previous two attributes lead to perhaps 20x the amount of flying debris that would be found in a hurricane, leading to significantly worse damage.

      d) Tornadic winds are stronger.

      • First two points are valid, but tornadic winds aren’t really that much stronger than what is found in the strongest hurricanes. The idea that they are really isn’t supported by the data.

  6. Do you think that Typhoon Haiyan could exceed Andrew in the amount of wind damage caused?
    Also, in regard to your previous comment; how much more damaging could you expect say a 150 or 190 mph wind in a tornado would compared with the same wind speed in a hurricane?

    • In terms of the monetary price tag, I do not think Typhoon Haiyan caused nearly as much damage as Hurricane Andrew, but much of that is related to varying construction costs. In terms of the severity of the wind damage, both storms might be pretty similar in terms of the worst affected areas. Hurricane Andrew was an incredibly powerful hurricane wind-wise – proof that hurricane winds are much more complex than just simple pressure/gradient calculations.

      As for comparing tornado winds vs hurricane winds, my wind estimates for tornadoes are higher than what is commonly accepted. If you were to look at some “official” reports, they would say Hurricane Andrew brought sustained winds greater than 160mph for an hour or more to some areas in Cutler. Some reports also say the Jarrell tornado brought winds of 160mph to areas of Double Creek for 180 seconds. Andrew survival rate = 99.5%. Jarrell = 0%.

      • True, but Double Creek probably experienced winds in excess of 300 mph, far beyond what any hurricane could produce.
        I had been thinking that since Andrew produced ~160 mph winds with higher gusts but, unless I am underestimating quality of construction, I have not seen pictures of wind damage from that storm equivalent to more than a low EF3 tornado. Though I do lean toward agreeing with you on the EF scale underestimating wind speeds.

      • Exactly, Jarrell probably had winds over 300mph.

        I do not believe the wind estimates in the EF Scale are accurate, so I have a hard time comparing tornadic winds to hurricanes if I have no basis for comparison.

        As for Hurricane Andrew, probably more than 90% of the sturdy homes in Homestead suffered F0/F1-equivalent damage. Maybe 4% suffered F2-like damage, while a very small portion related to mini-swirls / downbursts suffered F3-like damage. If instead a tornado were to have struck the same area in 1992, contemporary surveyors would surely be conservative with the rating since most of the homes in south Dade were not “well-constructed.”

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Dr Chris Werry, Associate Professor at San Diego State University and Director of its Writing Program, discussed his experiences with private, for-profit, online universities in the United States at a Fabian seminar in Wellington in April. He described a project he is working on that seeks to examine the way right-wing think tanks, trade groups and lobbyists use language to persuade and shape educational policy. The ideas and tactics he discusses have implications for the introduction of charter schools in New Zealand. His presentation is here.

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Screenwriter's Masterclass with Ed Solomon

Friday July 13th / 10a.m. - 1p.m. / Galmont Hotel (formerly Radisson)
Apply2018 masterclasses

in association with

Ed Solomon began his career in his teens as a joke writer, playwright, and stand-up comedian. He was hired (while still in college at UCLA) as a staff writer on ABC TV’s hit comedy show Laverne and Shirley, which made him the youngest member of the Writers’ Guild at the time. He went on to write hundreds of episodes of television and dozens of feature films, both credited and uncredited. His film credits include the critical and box office hits Men in Black, Bill and Ted’s Excellent AdventureBill and Ted’s Bogus JourneyNow You See Me 1 & 2, Charlie’s Angels, X-Men (uncredited), and many others.

His film Levity (which he also directed) – starring Billy Bob Thornton, Morgan Freeman and Holly Hunter, was selected to open the Sundance Film Festival in 2003, and the critically acclaimed TV series It’s Garry Shandling’s Show was ground-breaking in its experimental nature.

His innovative work in television has continued to this day:  his 6-episode branching narrative series collaboration with director Steven Soderbergh was said by Wired Magazine to “change the way you watch television.” Indeed, it was the first work by major filmmakers to tell the same story both as an interactive app (available only in the US) as well as a high-end limited series (HBO). He is currently working on a new, 10-hour branching narrative series with Soderbergh, as well as the long-awaited third instalment of the Bill and Ted franchise: Bill and Ted Face the Music, set to shoot in February 2019. He is also working on a tv series based on Now You See Me, and several other feature film projects in many different genres. His goal is to one day be the oldest member of the Writers’ Guild.

The masterclass will be moderated by Mary Kate O’Flanagan, an award-winning screenwriter and story consultant in the European film and television industry. She teaches screenwriting across UK, US, Europe as well as in Ireland. She has written six feature-length screenplays, five of which have been optioned and supported by funding from Screen Ireland/Fís Éireann and a pilot for a television series which won the EATC Prix Europa.

The masterclass costs €50 and will take place on Friday 13th July from 10am – 1pm in the Galmont Hotel, Galway (Formerly Radisson Hotel).

To apply for a place, contact Emma Owen by email:

The closing date for applications is: 1p.m. Thursday 12th July 2018

Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure will screen on Saturday 14th July at 10:45pm followed by Q+A. Click here for tickets.


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FAITH REFLECTIONS Store Open Mondays - Fridays from 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM unless noted on Event calendar. Store also open during Paint Parties/Classes where noted.

My Sand Dollar Story Jeremiah 29:13 - John 20:29

Every year, George and I take a trip to Orange Beach to get away from the cares of life and get some much-needed rest and relaxation.  We usually don't plan a lot of activities.  We just walk along the beach twice a day, once in the morning, and again at sunset, picking up shells as the water washes over our feet in the coolness of the afternoon.

It was one of these wonderful evenings as we were walking along the beach, that an older couple came along.  As she passed, she said a quick hello, continuing on her way searching for shells.  Her husband was walking a few paces behind her.  He stopped and asked, "Have you found any sand dollars?"  George and I explained we had found some small ones on the beach by our hotel.  He continued, "Well, if you want to find some sand dollars, I'll tell you where they are!"  We listened as he told us, "Drive about three miles down the road, turn to the right, go a half mile.  After you park and walk out on the beach, go left and you will find sand dollars."  We thanked him politely and then He went on his way.  We didn't give it much thought, but kind of chuckled to ourselves.  Growing up in Florida, we both knew that at times you will find shells on the beach, and at other times you won't.

The next day after supper, we were driving back to our hotel when George asked, "Would you want to go check out the beach where the sand dollars are?"  Again, I laughed, but said maybe it would be a nice beach to walk on, and we could watch the sun set from there.  We did our best to follow the man's directions.  It was down a little road in the middle of nowhere.  We came to the end of the road, found a small parking lot, and proceeded to walk out on the beach.  We turned to the left as the man had instructed and looked along the white sand but saw nothing.  Finally, George decided he was going to walk along the water.  I stayed up higher on the beach, where there were some broken shells and a few smaller shells still intact.  But, I could not find any sand dollars.  We continued walking, with George falling farther behind me as we went.  After we had been walking for a while, a young lady came running past me on the beach.  I watched as she ran past, and when she was about 100 feet in front of me, she stopped an picked something up off the sand.  I watched again as she ran a little further and stopped again to pick up something.   Curiosity got the best of me.  The thought went through my head, "She is getting my sand dollars!"  I picked up my pace and went to where she had stopped.  I looked intently at the sand but didn't see anything.  I had decided that the older gentleman must have been mistaken, or maybe even a little crazy.  If the sand dollars had been there for him, they were not there now.

Before long, the young lady had run out of my sight, and I continued to look for what I now believed were sand dollars that did not exist.  I picked up a few shells.  George was still walking but was about 100 yards behind me now.  The sun was starting to set, so I decided we really should start heading back to our car, or it would be dark before we got there.  Before turning to head back, I looked up and saw the young lady running back towards me.  This time, she had her shirt folded up, as if she was holding something in it.  To my surprise, she ran right up to me and stopped.  She said, "Have you found any sand dollars?"  I told her no.  "Would your little boy like these", she asked.  I looked in the direction she was pointing, and saw George off in the distance, ankle deep in the water, holding a little blue bucket as he kept looking for shells.  I had to laugh, because from where we were standing, he did look like a little boy.  I explained that he was my husband, but we would like the sand dollars.  I asked, "Where did you find them?"

"They are here", she said, pointing to the sand.  "They are everywhere, you just have to really look for them.", she finished, as she placed the sand dollars in my hands.  For the first time that day, I truly believed.  As she ran on down the beach, I turned to head back to our car.  As I covered the same part of the beach I had just come from, I now started seeing something I had missed before.  I saw sand dollars!  They were there among the debris, broken shells, and sea weed.  Oh, I had to look intently, but they were there.  On what a difference it makes when we believe.
Sometimes the debris and clutter of life makes it hard for us to see God at work.  But He is here.  Look for God moments in your every day life.  They are everywhere.

God's Word says, "You will seek me, and you will find me, when you seek me with all of your heart." - Jeremiah 29:13

Jesus said, "You believe because you have seen me.  Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed." - John 20:29

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> Works well with

Fantastak SuperDot glue dots are a great way to stick items together – or to hold things in place in packaging, for example. Colourless, quick and easy to use, they dispense a standard dot of glue without getting your fingers messy. A little glue dot with a lot of power!

Buy this product online >

Order a sample >

Buy this product online >

Glue dots are a faster, cleaner, cost-effective alternative to hot-melt adhesives, glue guns or slow-drying glues
No expensive equipment required to apply glue dots
No more burns, fumes or mess
Instant application of glue dots and bonding means no need to wait for warm-up or setting
Little or no staining after removal (unlike other glue dots) which means it doesn’t ruin or mark the print – such as expensive adverts in magazines

6 standard grades of glue dots: Easy Tak, Easy-Mid Tak, Mid Tak, Ultra Tak, Vertical-Hold (removable) and Vertical-Hold (permanent)
Bespoke grades available, from fully peelable glue dots to high-shear permanent glue dots
Rolls of 1,000, 2,000, 5,000 up to 10,000 glue dots (or we can make rolls to meet your needs)
Glue dot sizes from 2mm–16mm diameter
Also available in a range colours
For ways to dispense glue dots, see the SuperDot Roller

Easy Tak - Very Low tak, easy to peel off most substrates. Re-positionable and peelable

Easy/Mid Tak - Low tak and easy to peel off most substrates. Re-positionable with low staining

Mid Tak - Medium tak great for glossy surfaces such a business cards of gloss printed flyers. Removes easily from most substrates

Ultra Tak - Highly aggressive tak bonding most common substrates. For permanent bonds only as it will give substrate failure to most paper/card and lightweight materials

Vertical Hold (removable) Tak - High shear strength, pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive. Removed cleanly and easily from most substrates. Ideal for non permanent hanging of retail displays, posters direct mailing etc

Vertical Hold (permanent) Tak - High shear strength offers excellent vertical hold properties for most applications on most substrates. Ideal for permanent application and bonding

Fantastak SuperDot glue dots are used by various industries – such as print finishers, contract packers, direct mail companies, packaging businesses and product assembly firms.

As glue dots, they can be used for attaching items such as CDs and free samples to magazines, packaging and other promotional literature. And since SuperDot’s bond is instant, productivity goes up while the cost of labour comes down – and there’s no need for expensive hot-melt glue machinery.

Europe’s market-leading glue dots, SuperDots conform to FDA food approval 175.105 (suitable for indirect food contact, subject to limitations). They comply with Reach Regulation 1907/2006, and are manufactured to ISO standards.

Call the experts

01274 466 666

Visit the experts

Hillside House, Stewart Close, Eccleshill, Bradford West Yorkshire BD2 2EE

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The Farhan Lab

Our lab has two main research areas: (i) The regulation of Proteostasis and membrane trafficking by signalling and (ii) the role of Pseudoenzymes in health and disease.

Safeguarding the cellular proteome is of fundamental importance and it is thus of no surprise that nearly 70% of cellular energy is devoted to handle the proteome. The balance between protein synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation is referred to as proteostasis. Our group focuses on how proteostasis is regulated by signalling to and from endomembranes. In particular are we interested in the regulation of membrane traffic, organelle dynamics and autophagy. We employ a set of methods to study these processes such as live cell confocal microscopy, SRRF stream imaging, FRAP and high-content RNAi screening. We use the knowledge gained from fundamental cell biology and use to better understand human diseases or to develop new therapies. Two main areas of interest of our lab are the role of secretion in breast cancer migration and invasion as well as the role of proteostasis in multiple myeloma.

Pseudoenzymes are catalytically inactive enzymes that are present in almost all enzymes families. Because they are living, but dead proteins, we refer to them as “Zombies”. Our favourite zombie protein is the pseudophosphatase STYX. We explore the role of STYX is MAPK signalling as well as its role in the regulation of Cullin-RING ligases such as FBXW7. We are exploring the role STYX as a global regulator of Cullin-RING ligases and its role in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage response and proliferation.


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Farm Subsidy information

Audrain County, Missouri

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Audrain County, Missouri Farm Subsidy Information

Total Subsidies, Audrain County, Missouri, 2011

Audrain County, Missouri Farm Subsidy Quick Facts

  • Missouri ranking: 9 of 50 States
  • 67 percent of farms in Missouri did not collect subsidy payments - according to USDA.

Top programs in Audrain County, Missouri, 2011:

Rank Program Number of Recipients
Subsidy Total
1Corn Subsidies651$5,292,330
2Soybean Subsidies791$4,228,029
3Wheat Subsidies771$1,504,686
4Conservation Reserve Program397$1,018,229
5Sorghum Subsidies652$873,599

‡ Data for 2019 is incomplete and only includes Market Facilitation Program payments made between January 1, 2019 and October 31, 2019.

Farm Subsidies Education


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Service resources in North America, Greener planet and upcomming K2019

K-19 exhibition Düsseldorf October 16-23 2019

Will you be visiting the K show in Düsseldorf this October?
If you do please be sure to schedule a visit to the FAS Converting Machinery booth in Hall 3 booth D20.

At this show, we will be spotlighting two bag-making lines targeted at a wide range of production needs and budgets.

Euroline 2.0
Many of you have seen our very popular Euroline demonstrated at shows and exhibitions in various markets. At the k-19 fair, we are proud to introduce our new and improved Euroline 2.0.

This line will be making trash bags on coreless rolls out of 100% recycled film. At a rate of 100m/min or 9 rolls per minute.

  • New features of the Euroline 2.0 include:
  • New Omron control platform with internet connectivity
  • Newly designed unwind stand with pneumatic roll loading and end of roll signaling
  • New and improved Banderoll™ tape unit for roll closures
  • Print registration is now available
  • Core capability is now available

Premium line
We will also be running one of our Premium Lines which includes our

  • Jumbo unwind
  • QB1100 bag machine
  • Tw475 turret winder

Totally new design Banderoll™ system for roll taping at up to 25 roll per minute

This line will also be processing 100% recycled film. Stop in and find out about this film and what is in it and how FAS is uniquely positioned to help you convert these films effectively and profitably.

While you will see both of these lines running off-line, they can be run in line with your blown film extrusion systems as well.

Therefore, whether your budget guides you towards an industry leading state of the art solution, or our reliable “Tried and true” Euroline, we have the equipment for you and the experience and resources necessary to get these assets contributing to your company’s profitability quickly.

Visit with us at the show:

  • Discuss your film converting challenges with our technical experts
  • Talk to our sales and marketing team about the markets

If you cannot make it to the K show be sure to contact your FAS sales professional and arrange a plant visit, or bring your film to our Innovation Center in Sweden and see for your selves the clear advantages of our sealing, perforating, folding and winding technologies.

FAS wants to become your partner to help make our planet Greener

We all are too well aware of the negative publicity that our industry has been receiving lately.

Many are quick to say, “Someone should do something” “THEY should defend our industry” etc.

Here at FAS we do not want to simply defend old habits and past practices but we want join forces with you our customers, our fellow suppliers, our vendors and industry experts to become part of the solution. Lets work together to leave the planet better off than we found it.

  • Talk to us about how you can efficiently and profitably convert recycled films into trash bags and other useful products. We have proprietary sealing technology that makes us uniquely positioned to help you with this technical challenge.
  • Learn how trash bags themselves are a key part of cleaning up our environment.
  • Let us show you how to reduce the amount of packaging you need for your finished products by up to 85%.
  • We would like to tell you about our efforts, through alliances in our industry and beyond, to help clean up plastics waste in the oceans and elsewhere.
  • We also want to hear your ideas

Start a conversation today, we are listening, and looking for new ways to help you provide a greener product, and contribute to a cleaner environment for all.

Do you have any questions about our newsletter, please feel free to contact Peter Håkansson, Sales Director FAS Converting Group. Phone: +46 706 769 262 or mail.

FAS adds service resources in North America

FAS is pleased to announce the return of Joachim Baier to our technical service team.
Known as “Peco Joe” to many of you, Mr. Baier has over 30 years of experience in the design, assembly, installation and troubleshooting of Film Converting Machinery.
Joe is our Technical Account Manager in North America and will assist with:

  • Installations
  • Training
  • New product optimization
  • Preventative maintenance guidance, updates, repairs and modification of existing equipment
  • Machine sales support

You can reach Joe on +1(435) 225 3537 and