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Phalaenopsis Species of Northern India

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					Phalaenopsis Species of Northern India
                                                       GANESH MANI PRADHAN

                                                     AMONG the well-
                                                     known species of
                                                     Indian orchids
                                                     popular with
                                                     growers all over the
                                                     world, species of the
                                                     genus Phalaenopsis
                                                     are an important
                                                     group. In the
                                                     northeast region of
                                                     India we have three
                                                     Phalaenopsis species
                                                     along with probably
                                                     one or two more of
                                                     the long-lost species
                                                     lurking in remote
                                                     jungle areas.
                                                     Phalaenopsis mannii
was discovered by Gustav Mann of the Indian Forest Service in the year
1868. In the original description of this species by Reichenbach no
locality was given, but it was later found in the forests of Assam. The
habitat is now known to be among the foothills of eastern Nepal and
adjoining Darjeeling District, right through the Bhutan foothills and on to
Assam in the east. Phalaenopsis mannii is rather catholic in its taste of
growing habitat in that it inhabits ecological niches that are close by
forest streams and marshland where atmospheric moisture is available

 Left: Phal. mannii ‘Mahogany Giant’, AM/AOS; Grower: Stones River Orchids,
 Photographer: James A. Moore
 Right: This pure yellow, Phal. mannii ‘Sandra’s Best’, AM/AOS was grown by
 Rodney and Sandra Atkinson and photographed by Dan C. Backhaus.
to it year round, in accordance with the seasons. Dense undergrowth of
the forests prevents drying out of the forest floors in the drier months, thus
keeping the area buoyant and moist even though surrounding areas may
be absolutely dry.
   In the wild, I have come across plants of Phalaenopsis mannii with large,
glistening leaves up to 15 inches long and so turgid during the
monsoon rains that they snapped at the slightest rough handling. In
most cases, plants were found about 10 to 15 feet above the forest floor
level, growing on main trunks of rough-barked trees or on outstretched
main limbs, always facing the light source. Deep in the jungles it can
get pretty dark at the ground level. In order to glean food from its
rough-barked host tree, Phal. mannii grows a vigorous root system. This
root system also helps the plant to perch firmly on its substratum. The
roots grow to enormous lengths, 10 to 12 feet and more, and grow
both upwards and downwards on the tree trunks. The roots, both old
and new, grow actively during the monsoon months of June through
September, with the plant putting out one or two new leaves. The cool
weather of winter restricts growth of both roots and leaves. Flowering
is in March and April.

   Phalaenopsis mannii in situ, showing the root system on the host tree

Another surprising fact about plants of Phal. mannii growing in the wild
is that each plant puts out many flower spikes. Larger plants have even
four spikes out at one time, which are branched. The flowers, which last
a long time, are star-shaped with a basal yellow color and brown
banding. There are a lot of variations in the banding of flowers in this
species and the accompanying photographs are illustrative of this. The
banding in some is washed out, while in others it is bold and more deeply
colored. A pure yellow form of Phalaenopsis mannii turned up in the
collection of Mr. D. S. Pradhan of Universal Nursery, Kalimpong
recently. On closer examination, it was found that very light banding on
the petals and sepals was apparent on the flowers of this clone. Another
form in bloom was brought to me by a collector, and this clone does
have pure yellow sepals and petals. A good seed pod is developing on
                                           this clone, and since it was a
                                           wild, collected plant, the
                                           growth has checked due to
                                           the pod, though the root
                                           system is as healthy as
                                             Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi
                                          is a native of Burma and
                                          some parts of Southeast
                                          Asia. It was a bit of a
                                          surprise when plants of this
                                          species turned up a few
                                          years ago in Kalimpong,
                                          India. A collector found
                                          them growing in the area
                                          where             Dendrobium
                                          aggregation is found in the
                                          jungles of Assam in
                                          northeast      India.     The
                                          flattened rachis of the
                                          inflorescence immediately
                                          gave a clue to its identity,
                                          and, on flowering, proved to
                                          be Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi.
                                          The curious part of it all is
                                          that the flower spike does not
                                          die down after the flowering
   This very dark form of Phal. mannii    season is over but stays on
   (‘MAJ’s Ebony’, AM/AOS was grown       in a green condition. During
   by MAJ Orchids and photographed by     the next flowering season,
   Walt Wager.                            this flower spike elongates
                                          from the old tip and new
                                          flowers are produced, along
with those on the new spikes. Take into account flower spikes on the
plant from two or three years previously, and one has a really prolific
flowering plant, with healthy specimens.

        Phal. cornu-cervi ‘Bryon’, HCC/AOS, grown by Bryon
        K. Rinke and photographed by Karl Siegler is a fine
        example of the typical color form.
    Phal. cornu-cervi ‘Lynn Cook’, CHM/AOS grown by Lynn Cook and
    photographed by Maurice Marietti is an unusual color form with the
    inferior halves of the lateral sepals unmarked.
  Obviously, Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi is exposed to very strong light, as
its leaves are a very light yellow-green in color when brought in from
the habitat area. Flowering is from mid-spring into summer, but,
unlike Phalaenopsis mannii, all flowers are not open on the spike at
one time. However, since this plant has a number of old and new
spikes, there are numerous flowers opening on and off. Bright light
conditions seem to do well for this species, and the rooting is
vigorous, though the leaves do not grow as large as in Phal.
mannii. Flowers are star-shaped with a basic, dull-yellow color
and brown markings. The intensity of the brown markings varies
widely. One variant that is found quite frequently has the two
lateral sepals divided longitudinally into a brown-marked portion
                                                  and, on the other
                                                  half, a clear, basal
                                                  yellow color.

                                                       Phal. cornu-cervi ‘Pravit
                                                       Chattalada’, Grown by David
                                                       L. Grove is a representative of
                                                       the deeply colored form Phal.
                                                       cornu-cervi var. chattaladae.
Phalaenopsis lobbii flowering in situ. Note the roots and the rough-
barked tree with fissures in the bark.

  Phalaenopsis lobbii was introduced into England by Thomas
Lobb, collector of Messrs. Veitch, in the period 1849-1850 from the
jungles of Assam. Unfortunately, the plant was not described
before a collection was sent into England
by Reverend Parish from Burma, in 1864. The species was
formally described by Reichenbach in 1865 and named after Rev.
Parish. Lobb's collection later on was named a variant of Phal.
parishii. Phalaenopsis lobbii represents a geographical variant of the
type-species which is only found in Burma, and is very rare at this
moment. The main difference between the type and the variant is
in the color of the lip. The type-species has distinct, magenta-
colored vertical bands while the variant has these bands colored
chestnut brown.
                                              Phalaenopsis lobbii has
                                           a very short stem with a
                                           mass of flat, green roots
                                           produced from the stem
                                           base and growing all over
                                           the host tree. It inhabits
                                           the     warm      foothills,
                                           growing on rough-barked
                                           trees that have a lot of
                                           fissures on the bark
                                           surface. These fissures
                                           hold a lot of decaying
                                           humus, and it is into
                                           these fissures that the flat
                                           roots make their way.
                                           These roots grow to great
                                           lengths.    During      the
                                           monsoon growing period,
                                           one or two thick leaves
                                           are produced from the
   Phal. lobbii ‘Tejas’, AM/AOS was        growing apex of the stem.
   grown by Ken Avant and photographed     In the dry, cool winter
   by Danny Lentz.                         period the leaves drop
down, probably to conserve moisture. Each plant produces more
than one flower spike in spring; often three to five spikes are
produced. These spikes are short and bear up to four or five
flowers each. All open out within a short period and last in bloom
for about a month. In moister habitat areas, the plants do not lose
their leaves, and in greenhouse cultivation, the leaves stay on the
plant more often than the rule.
  By nature of its vegetative structure, Phalaenopsis lobbii is most
suitable for growing on a tree-fern slab in slightly shaded
conditions. Once the roots start growing and attach themselves to
the fern slab, the plant grows on vigorously.

  Phalaenopsis lobbii ‘Quail Run’, CCM/AOS
  Grower: Noel Schoenrock; Photographer: Charles Marden Fitch

  As with general Phalaenopsis culture, Phal. mannii, Phal. cornu-cervi
and Phal. parishii benefit from a warm, shaded growing area, with
occasional sprayings and a normal fertilizing schedule. In
winter, these species will stand up to colder temperatures than
hybrids, and, during the winter resting period, should be
provided with cool conditions, as with all orchid species
originating from the northeast Indian region. — Ganesh Mani
Pradhan Orchids, Ganesh Villa, Kalimpong 734301, West Bengal,

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Bulletin - September 27_ 2009

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					                                                                           September 27, 2009

                                                                                Saturday, September 26
                                                                                5:00 PM: Paul Fiero
                   Rev. Thomas Chevalier, Pastor                                          req. by: Mom & Dad
     25 Mountainview Street, Voorheesville, NY 12186-9551                                 and for: Agnes Burns
                                                                                req. by: Cathy & John Lawler
 Phone: 765-2805 Fax: 765-3701 Faith Formation 765-2373
          email:                                      Sunday, September 27
                                                                                26th Sunday in Ordinary Time
                                                                                8:30 AM: Fr. Gerald McMahon S.J.
       Office Hours: Monday – Friday 9 AM to 3 PM                                         req. by: The Hens Family
                                                                                and for: John J. Coffey
          Website:                                                  4th Anniversary
                                                                                req. by: His Family
STAFF        Ellie Dorn…………………. Coordinator of Youth Ministry                             10:30 AM: Paul J. Pettit
             Suzanne Schultz………. . Coordinator of Faith Formation                          req. by: Deb Engel & Family
             Paul Davignon…………... Deacon                                                  and for: Urszula Stachowska
             Andrea Freeman………... Parish Secretary                                        req. by: Fr. Tom & St. Matthew’s
             Rebecca Kiegle…………. Parish Secretary                                                   Parish Community
             Madge Devine………….. Director of Music Ministry
                                                                                Monday, September 28
             Jack Stevens…………… Building Maintenance
                                                                                NO MORNING MASS
             Bill Rogers……………… Building Maintenance
             Bill Kelly………………... Trustee                                                  Tuesday, September 29
             Mary McGinty……..…... Trustee                                                 7:30 AM:
                                                                                Wednesday, September 30
MASS SCHEDULE                                                                             7:30 AM:
Saturday Vigil                      5:00 PM                                               Thursday, October 1
Sunday                              8:30 AM and 10:30 AM                                  NO MORNING MASS
Weekdays (T, W, & F)                7:30 AM
Holy Days                           As Announced                                          Friday, October 2
Rosary & Novena                     6:30 PM on Mondays (September – May)                  7:30 AM:
                                                                                Saturday, October 3
Prayer Chain – Call the Parish Office to initiate our parish Prayer Chain for any
                                                                                5:00 PM: Louise L. Smith
special intentions you may have.
                                                                                9th Anniversary
Sacraments of Baptism and Marriage – Please call the office for information on            req. by: John F. Smith
baptismal preparation classes. For marriages, call Father Tom, at least 6 months          and for: Matthew O’Dell
prior to the wedding date, to arrange.                                                             10th Anniversary
                                                                                req. by: Kathy & Kara
Hospital or Home Visits – Please contact the parish office when serious illness
and/or hospitalization occur. Many area hospitals no longer list patients by parish,      Sunday, October 4
so we rely on your timely notification to arrange a visit or the Anointing of the Sick.   27th Sunday in Ordinary Time
                                                                                8:30 AM: Oscar Tucker
Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) – Those who are interested in finding
                                                                                req. by: Agnes Tucker & Family
out more about joining the Catholic Church are asked to please call Deacon Paul.
                                                                                and for: Rosemary Abbate
All inquiries are kept confidential.
                                                                                req. by: Hannell Family
Parish Membership – A heartfelt welcome to all new parishioners. We invite each
                                                                                10:30 AM: Elizabeth Stevens
family or individual to please register with us by calling or stopping by the parish
office. Registration places you on our mailing list and ensures you receive up-to-        req. by: Fr. Tom & St. Matthew’s
date information on parish happenings.                                                             Parish Community
ST. MATTHEW’S                                                                                VOORHEESVILLE
                                                                       SAINT MATTHEW’S PARISH

Monday, September 28
Rosary & Novena 6:30 PM                           Many thanks to those who worked so hard to make St. Matthew’s
Tuesday, September 29                             Feast Day Celebration such a wonderful time for all who participated.
 Catechist Meeting (gr. 2-5) 3:15 PM              Congratulations to our Roof Ruckus Raffle winners:
 VIRTUS @ Christ the King Church                  32 TV - Vicky Tymchyn
 6:30 PM
                                                  Ski Weekend Get-Away – Teresa Jarett
Wednesday, September 30                           $1, 000.00 – Joyce Robinson
Catechist Meeting (gr. 2-5) 3:15 PM
 Music Ministry at 7:00 PM                                                            Congratulations to Ann Marcelle &
                                                                                Justin Guidi who received a lovely gift
   THOSE WHO ARE ILL…                                                               basket for selling the most raffle tickets.

    Donna Amato, Gloria Bogart,                                                       If you missed the Roof Ruckus Raffle
 Haysha Acebal, Raymond Banuls,                                                     you can catch a video the golf ball drop
  Bill Boyd, Brendan Burke, Diana                                                   off the classroom roof on our website
     Burns, Carly Carey, Connie
    Castellana, Tim Colchin, Joan
  Conway, Joseph Coury, Mildred
  Coury, Philip Davis, Doris Doyle,
 James Finnessey, Bobby Flagler,
 Elizabeth Gaimari, Amanda Gibbs,
  Lynn Giudici-Reynolds, Christine
 Gwaldis, Ricky Haggerty, Richard      INQUIRY SESSIONS
     Harrington, Ricky Hoffman,
Catherine Johnston, Brett Lee, Jean     St. Matthew’s is preparing a series of Inquiry Sessions for those non Catholics who
  LeCarl, Melissa Lee, Joe Markel,     might be interested in learning more about the Catholic Church. If you know of someone
  Maureen Palumbo, Bryan Pettit,       who might be interested in participating or who might be considering joining the Catholic
Nicole Retajczyk, Tina Rosen, Kathy
  Sansone, William Skicki, Allison     Church, please invite them to call the parish office.
 Thomas, Mary Walas, Angie Jean
  Wimpperman, John Withkowski,         SHARING YOUR GIFTS WITH SAINT MATTHEW’S
   Anna Davis, Ruth Ulion, Walter
  Greene, Jeannie Mormile, Kathy        Now that the kids have returned to school, we can all follow their example and once again
    Jornov, Aggie Tucker, Payton       assume the responsibilities that are always seeking attention. If you could assist our weekly
 Gordinier, Donna DeVellis, Bernie     prayer as a Reader of Scripture or Eucharistic Minister please let Father Tom know. If
  Pafunda, Richard Arthur, Claire
  Broderick, Tim Finnigan, Bertha      you could join our Parish Music Ministry please call Madge Devine at 765-2457.
Meservey, Maureen Daugherty, Eric       If you could assist in laundering the altar linens a couple of times a year, Pat Carmody
Dagner, Marilyn Farrell, Donald Lee,
                                       would love to hear from you at 765-4076. Ellie Dorn and Suzanne Schultz are happy to
Evelyn Lobato, Nellie Ciupek, Molly
    Rourke, Katie Geiss, Marlene       have additional catechists to share our faith with our children. All these ministries are gifts
   Prentiss, Margaret Logan, and       to the church and to the individuals who fulfill them. Please make your contribution of
         Veronica Monterio
                                       service if you can.

                                       ST. MATTHEW’S NOVENA HELP
                                        We hank the many families who signed up to take the Relic of Saint Matthew and the Icon
                                       of our patron saint into their homes. However, among the excitement of our Saint
                                       Matthew’s Feast Day Celebration, our sign up list has become misplaced. If you were one
                                       of the families who signed up for this prayer experience , please call the parish office to
26TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME                                                                SEPTEMBER 27, 2009
   The Men’s Association is starting its annual sale of Entertainment books. The price
of the book remains at $30 and will be available for sale at the end of weekend masses or
you may contact Dave Morrill at 765-9109 to get books. Thank you to all for
supporting our fund raising efforts.

   In the spirit of celebrating their 25th Anniversary, the Men’s Association
has organized another parish event for you to mark on your calendar.
There will be a Fall Harvest Banquet on Saturday, November 7th.                               St. Matthew’s and our
Details for the banquet will be available at a later date, so please save the date!
                                                                                Cluster Parishes invite
                                                                                you to
                                                                                An Afternoon
   Expecting parents are invited to celebrate the Blessing of Pregnancy during all
masses on the weekend of October 17 – October 18, 2009. If you would like to be
                                                                                Edward L. Beck, C.P.
a part of this special ceremony or know of someone who would, please call the parish
                                                                                speaking on
office at 765-2805 to register.
                                                                                “Soul Provider:
                                   MEN’S ASSOCIATION                                          Limitless Love”
                                                                                Sunday, October 4th
  Check your calendar to see if you can join us for the following service event:
Habitat for Humanity – October 3rd                                                               2-4 PM
Capital City Rescue Mission – October 10th                                                    Christ the King
Ronald McDonald House – October 17th
Please call Tom Dorn at 765-3304
                                   FAITH FORMATION                                            Edward L. Beck, C.P., is a
                                                                                Roman Catholic priest of
                                SAVE THE DATE!                                               the Passionist Community.
                                                                                In addition to giving
                                   Friday, October 30                                                retreats and
                                       7 – 10 PM                                                workshops nationally
                                                                                and internationally, Father
                Come and visit representatives from the Direct sales genre                   Beck is a commentator on
           such as Longaberger, party with Heart, Mary Kay, Silpada Jewelry,
                                                                                religious and faith issues for
                                                                                various media outlets.
                        and many more.  Make it a girls night out!
                          Horsd’oeuvres and wine will be served.                                 His latest book,
                                                                                Soul Provider,
               If you are a sales representative and would like to showcase                   is on sale for $11.00
                   your products at this event, please call Suzanne in the                   here at St. Matthew’s.
                        Faith Formation Office at 765‐2373 or email
                                                Please join us for an
                                                                                inspirational and
             We would like to extend this opportunity to parishioners first.                   memorable event.
       In the event that more than one parishioner represents the same company,                To learn more about
                             we will honor the first to sign up.                              Father Beck, visit his
                                                                                website at

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Resources For Contra Costa County

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					                                             Resources For Contra Costa County
     Agency/Vendor             Contact Information               Eligibility Requirements                    Description of Services

Shelter Inc                    (925) 295-1038 (800) 799-6599                                      Homeless resources - answers phones Mon/Wed/Fri
Antioch Phoenix Shelter        (925) 778-3750                    Must be mentally disabled and    Homeless Emergency Shelter
                                                                 opened to mental health check.
Homeless Referral Line         (800) 808-6444
Adult Shelter Intake CC        (800) 799-6599                                                     Emergency shelter
No. California Family Center   (925) 370-1990                                                     Runaway Teens ONLY
Pacific Community Services     (925) 439-1056                    Pittsburgh ONLY                  Fair Housing and Landlord/Tenant questions
Pittsburgh Family Center       (925) 439-8559                                                     Transitional Housing for Families                                           In Richmond                      Homeless Shelter information
STAND Against Domestic         (888) 215-5555                                                     Shelter for Women
Rubicon Programs, Inc.         2500 Bissell Ave.                                                  Assistance for Permanent Housing
                               Richmond, CA 94804                                                 9-5 pm M-W, Intakes 9:30-11 am only
                               (510) 235-1516
Shelter, Inc                   (925) 778-0298 ext 123                                             Permanent Housing Assistance
                               8:30-9:30 ONLY M-F
The Light Church               415 W 6th St., Antioch, CA                                         Sat only lunch 12:00 – 1:15
                               (925) 778-1639

Golden Hills Community         1811 C St., & 19th, Antioch, CA   Must attend church service at    Meals Served 6-6:30 pm
Outreach Center                (925) 778-1884                    5:30 pm

Concerted Services             Pittsburgh                                                         Food pantry - 9-2 noon 1-4pm Mon-Fri
                               (925) 432-3823
Salvation Army Antioch         (925) 778-0303 Call First                                          Food pantry
St Anthony’s Church            Oakley                            Oakley ONLY                      Food pantry
                               (925) 625-2048
Immanuel Baptist Church        55 East 18th St., Antioch, CA                                      Food pantry. Meals, showers, hygiene kits
                                                                                Haircuts 1st & 3rd Sat 10-2
PICES, Inc                     585 W 10th St, Pittsburgh, CA                                      Three (3) day supply of food
                               (925) 439-1199
Richmond Emergency Food        2369 Barrett Ave., Richmond, CA   Bring ID                         Food pantry - Tues & Fri - 10am-1pm
Pantry                         (510) 235-9732
                                           Resources For Contra Costa County

Tri Delta Transit           (925) 754-3060                    Must complete an application.     Dial a Ride
Paratransit- Richmond       (510) 307-8026 or 27 or 28        Must complete an application. v   Van and Taxi Program
                            (510) 307-8080
The County Connection       (925) 676-7500 Customer Service   For Paratransit services,         Wheelchairs with ramps and lifts Fixed route &
                                                              application must be completed.    Paratransit services. Services Central Contra Costa

WestCAt ADA Dial a Ride     (510) 724-6320                    Must complete an application      Door to Door service
Antioch Senior Bus          (925)-754-1080                    Seniors 55+/Within Antioch only   50 cents per ride, up to three (3) rides/locations per
                                                                                day. All rides are booked 24 hrs in advance.
CVS Pharmacies              Any location                      Anyone needing a discount on      Member needs to ask for the Family Wise
                                                              brand Rx                          prescription discount. Cost varies per Rx.
County Mental Health        (925) 370-5000                                                      Contra Costa Regional Medical Center (Merrithew
Services                                                                                Hospital). Counseling Services
New Connections             (925) 439-7111                                                      Counseling Services HIV/AIDS Resources
HIV Testing                 (925) 313-6770                                                      Counseling Services
Phoenix Multi Service       1401 4th St., Antioch, CA                                           Counseling Services
Center                      (925) 778-3750                                                      Advocacy Case Management
Youth and Family            Brentwood                                                           Family Counseling
Counseling                  (925) 634-6931
Village Drive Resource      633 Village Dr., Brentwood, CA                                      Counseling Services
Center                      (925) 513-3107                                                      Community Resources
Bay Point Wellness Center   215 Pacific Ave., Bay Point, CA                                     Medical Care
                            (925) 427-8300
Health Care for the         (925) 313-6166                                                      Medical Care
Homeless                    Mobile Clinic
Pittsburg Health Center     2311 Loveridge Rd.,               Medi-Cal coverage accepted:       Medical & Dental Care NOTE: No MD/FNP available
                            Pittsburg, CA. 94565              CHDP, CCHP, Medi-Cal, Healthy     12 noon to 1 p.m.
                            (800) 495-8885 Appt.              Families, Basic Health Care,
                            (877) 905-4545 Information        Family Pact, Medicare             Patients with Evening or Saturday appointments
                            (925) 431-2501 Dental                                               should use the East entrance.
                            Hours: Tu/Thu/Fri 7:45am–8:30pm
                            Sat 7:45am-11:45am &
Doctor’s Medical Center     2000 Vale Road, San Pablo         Accepts Medi-Cal patients
                            (510) 970-5000
                                           Resources For Contra Costa County
John Muir Medical Group      2305 Camino Ramon, Ste 100     Accepts Medi-Cal patients
                             San Ramon, CA 94583
                             (925) 866-8050
Contra Costa Mental Health   1340 Arnold Drive, Ste. 200,   Accepts Medi-Cal patients           Have psychiatrists
Services                     Martinez
                             (888) 678-7277
Cardiovascular Consultants   1339 Ygnacio Valley Rd #11     Accepts Medi-cal with a referral.
                             Concord, Ca 94520
                             5201 Norris Canyon Rd # 220
                             San Ramon, Ca 94583
Jacques Chahin, MD           2700 Grant St # 311            Accepts Medi-cal with a referral.   Cardiology
                             Concord, Ca 94520
                             (925) 689-4343
Arrhythmia Specialists       112 La Casa Via, # 360         Accepts Medi-cal with a referral.   Very specialized Cardiologist
                             Walnut Creek, Ca 94598
                             (925) 935-2070
John Muir Medical Group      2700 Grant Street, Ste. 200    Accepts Medi-Cal patients
                             Concord, CA 94520
                             (925) 677-0500
Contra Costa Mental Health   (925) 646-5480                                                     Mental Health Services

Access Line                  (800) 846-1652                 County Subsidized Treatment         Alcohol and Drug
Alano Club                   710 1st Street, Antioch, CA                                        NA and AA
                             (925) 754-4622                                                     Alcohol and Drug

Born Free                    925-431-2440                                                       Alcohol and Drug. Pregnant and Parenting Women
County Alcohol Program       2400 Sycamore, Suite 36,       12-8 pm Mon-Thur                    Alcohol and Drug
                             Antioch, CA                    9-5 pm F
                             (925) 427-8630
New Connections              (925) 439-7111                                                     Alcohol and Drug.
                             Hours: 9am-9pm Mon -Fri                                            Counseling & recovery Groups for Homeless Adults
Reach Project                1915 D St., Antioch, CA                                            Alcohol and Drug
                             (925) 754-3673
                             Hours: 8:30am-4:30pm Mon-Fri
                                            Resources For Contra Costa County
Legal Assistance               Bay Area Legal Aid                                                Low Income Free service
                               (800) 551-5554
Disability Rights California   (800) 776-5746                                                    Legal assistance for the disabled
Caring Hands Volunteer         (925) 952-2999                 60 years of age or older           This program is through John Muir Health. Free non-
Caregivers Program                                                                               medical assistance to adults over 60 years of age
Independent Living             (925) 363-7293                                                    Service for people with disabilities
Vale Health Care Center        13484 San Pablo Ave.           Takes straight Medi-Cal pts on a   Rehab Center for:
                               San Pablo, CA 94806            case-by-case basis depending          *Mental health services are provided onsite to
                                                              on severity of rehab need.         residents
                               (510) 232-5945                                                       *Nursing services are provided onsite to residents
                               (510) 620-2566 fax             Info needed for review:               *Occupational therapy services are provided onsite
                                                              *History & Physical                    to residents
                                                              *Nurses notes – progress             *Physical therapy services are provided onsite to
                                                               notes if already in rehab             residents
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                                                              *Medication list                       onsite to residents
Aging & Adult Information      (800) 510-2020
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Bay Area Crisis Nursery        (925) 685-8052                                                    24 hrs daily Birth to 5 years old
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blower 6460

Document Sample
blower 6460 Powered By Docstoc
					                                             Full Coverage Ionizing Blower
                                                                                Model 6460

Efficient electrostatic protection over a wide area.
                                                                              Static control for the workbench
FEATURES                            BENEFITS                                  Using patented IsoStat technology1 , the Model
•   IsoStat® Technology
                                    •   Intrinsically balanced and never
                                        needs calibration
                                                                              6460 blower guarantees consistent static control
                                                                              coverage. With its overhead mounting system,
                                                                              the Model 6460 doesn’t compromise valuable

•   Steady-state DC ion emission
                                    •   Efficient ion delivery at the
                                                                              space on the workbench, allowing for complete
                                                                              3-dimensional neutralization of static charge.
                                                                              The blower’s steady-state DC ion emission

•   Auto Clean System
                                    •   Reduces manual emitter point
                                                                              enables fast discharge with low airflow,
                                                                              providing a more comfortable work environ-
                                                                              ment for operators. Emitter points are placed
                                                                              behind the fan to eliminate field-induced
•   Alarm relay closure circuitry
                                    •   Alarm notification output
                                        communicates system failure to a
                                                                              charge and to ensure a homogeneous mixture
                                                                              of ionized air. Also featured in the Model 6460
                                        remote location                       blower are open-cell foam filters on the fan
                                                                              intakes, protecting the internal components

•   Multicolor LED indicator
                                    •   Visual performance indicator:
                                        Green for normal operation and
                                                                              from environmental contamination.

                                        red signals a catastrophic alarm

•   Available in two sizes:
    32" 2 fan and a 44" 3 fan
                                    •   Multiple dimensions for flexibility
                                        in various manufacturing

                                         Static Clean International • 15 Adams St., Burlington, MA 01803
                                         Tel: 781-229-7799 Fax: 781-229-4555 •
Patented IsoStat technology                                               6460 Full Coverage Ionizing Blower                  Specifications
Ion Systems’ patented IsoStat technology guarantees                       Ion Emission         Steady-state DC
intrinsically balanced ionization and eliminates complicated
                                                                          Emitter Points 0.012" diameter tungsten wire,
feedback circuits. Ionizers incorporating this technology never                          internally shielded, 2-year life
need calibration and require very little maintenance. IsoStat is
based on a law of physics, Conservation of Charge, which states           Ion Balance Better than ± 15 V at 18"*
that charge cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated                 Discharge            10 seconds directly under each of the
system.                                                                   Time                 fanstacks at 18" *
By isolating the ionizer’s emitter points from ground, IsoStat
                                                                          Air Flow
ensures equal numbers of positive and negative ions to better
                                                                          Volume               112 CFM (per fan, free-air typical)
protect sensitive products.
                                                                          Air Filters          Replaceable open-cell foam
Auto-Clean System
                                                                          Coverage Area 2 Fan-2' x 2.5'
The Auto-Clean System2 features a brush mechanism which                                 3 Fan-2' x 4'
sweeps the emitter points when the blower is turned off and
                                                                          Audible Noise 59 dB*
on, allowing the Model 6460 to always perform at optimum
ion output and balance. This automated feature results in                 Input Power          100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
reduced operation costs due to lower maintenance.                         Controls             Power/fan speed slide switch with 3 settings:
During operation of the fan, the brush automatically retracts                                  High/Off/Low
to prevent emitter point wear. The Auto-Clean System brush                Indicators           Multicolor LED: Power on-green, alarm-red
will extend as the fan slows to a stop. Ion Systems recommends            Chassis              Aluminum with epoxy-polyester powder coat
activating the Auto-Clean System at least once a week.
Cleaning schedules will vary depending on environmental                   Mounting             Four eye bolts and 1 1/8" S-hooks provided
conditions and application requirements.                                  Dimensions           2 Fan-3.6"H x 6"W x 32"L
                                                                                (9.1 x 15.2 x 81.3 cm)
                                                                                3 Fan-3.6"H x 6"W x 44"L
                                                                                (9.1 x 15.2 x 111.8 cm)
                                                                          Weight               2 Fan - 8 lbs. (3.6 kg)
                                                                                3 Fan - 10 lbs. (4.5 kg)
                                                                          Operating            Temperature Range 68-77F (20-25C)
                                                                          Environment          Humidity 30-50% RH (non-condensing)
                                             Ion’s patented Auto          Certifications            ,   (pending),        (pending)
                                             Clean System
                                             significantly reduces        * Measurements taken at high fan speed and with periodic
                                             the need for manual            unit cleaning.

                                                                         1. U.S. Patent No. 5,055,963
                                                                         2. U.S. Patent No. 5,768,087

                                      Static Clean International • 15 Adams St., Burlington, MA 01803
                                      Tel: 781-229-7799 Fax: 781-229-4555 •

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inventory Powered By Docstoc

Inventory Management

    Introduction to Operations Management
          What is inventory?

 An inventory is an idle stock of
 material used to facilitate production
 or to satisfy customer needs

              Introduction to Operations Management
       Why do we need inventory?
 Economies  of scales in ordering or
 production - cycle stock
  – trade-off setup cost vs carrying cost
 Smooth production when requirements
 have predictable variability - seasonal stock
  – trade-off production adjustment cost vs carrying

                 Introduction to Operations Management
  Why do we need inventory? (cont’d)

 Provide  immediate service when
 requirements are uncertain (unpredicatable
 variability) -safety stock
  – trade-off shortage cost versus carrying cost
 Decoupling of stages in
 production/distribution systems -decoupling
  – trade-off interdependence between stages vs
    carrying cost
                 Introduction to Operations Management
Why do we need inventory? (cont’d)

 Production  is not instantaneous, there is
 always material either being processed or in
 transit - pipeline stock
  – trade-off cost of speed vs carrying cost

               Introduction to Operations Management
       Why carrying inventory

 Asyou can see from the above list,
 there are economic reasons,
 technological reasons as well as
 management/operations reasons.

            Introduction to Operations Management
  Why carrying inventory is costly?

 Traditionally,   carrying costs are
  attributed to:
  – Opportunity cost (financial cost)
  – Physical cost

               Introduction to Operations Management
             Inventory Management
                                                                    Independent Demand

                                A                                      Dependent Demand

              B(4)                             C(2)

      D(2)           E(1)           D(3)                F(2)

Independent demand is uncertain. Dependent demand is certain.
                            Introduction to Operations Management
         Types of Inventories
 Raw  materials & purchased parts
 Partially completed goods called
  work in progress
 Finished-goods inventories
  – (manufacturing firms)
    or merchandise
    (retail stores)

              Introduction to Operations Management
     Types of Inventories (Cont’d)
 Replacement  parts, tools, & supplies
 Goods-in-transit to warehouses or

             Introduction to Operations Management
      Inventory Counting Systems

 Periodic   System
  Physical count of items made at periodic intervals
 Perpetual   Inventory System
 System that keeps track
 of removals from inventory
 continuously, thus monitoring
 current levels of each item

                Introduction to Operations Management
Inventory Counting Systems (Cont’d)

 Two-Bin   System - Two containers of
  inventory; reorder when the first is
 Universal Bar Code - Bar code
  printed on a label that has
  information about the item
  to which it is attached          0

                                                        214800 232087768

                Introduction to Operations Management
         ABC Classification System

Classifying inventory according to
some measure of importance and
allocating control efforts accordingly.
 A - very important                    High

                                 Annual                  A
 B - mod. important             $ volume                          B
                                of items                                  C
 C - least important
                                                   Few                   Many
                                                             Number of Items
                 Introduction to Operations Management
        What are we tackling in inventory
 Allmodels are trying to answer the following
  questions for given informational, economic and
  technological characteristics of the operating
   – How much to order (produce)?
   – When to order (produce)?
   – How often to review inventory?
   – Where to place/position inventory?

                 Introduction to Operations Management
          The inventory models
 Thequantitative inventory management
 models range from simple to very
 complicated ones. However, there are two
 simple models that capture the essential
 tradeoffs in inventory theory
  – The newsboy (newsvendor) model
  – The EOQ (Economic Ordering Quantity) model

               Introduction to Operations Management
          The Newsboy Model

 Thenewsboy model is a single-period
 stocking problem with uncertain demand:
 Choose stock level and then observe
 actual demand.
  – Tradeoff: overstock cost versus opportunity
    cost (lost of profit because of under stocking)

               Introduction to Operations Management
           The Newsboy Model

 Shortage  cost (Cs) - the opportunity cost for
 lost of sales as well as the cost of losing
 customer goodwill.
   Cs = revenue per unit - cost per unit
 Excess cost (Ce) - the over-stocking cost
 (the cost per item not being able to sell)
   Ce = Cost per unit - salvage value per unit

              Introduction to Operations Management
           The Newsboy Model
 In this model, we have to consider two
  factors (decision variables): the supply (X),
  also know as the stock level, and the
  demand (Y). The supply is a controllable
  variable in this case and the demand is not
  in our control. We need to determine the
  quantity to order so that long-run expected
  cost (excess and shortage) is minimized.

                Introduction to Operations Management
         The Newsboy Model

 Let  X = n and P(n) = P(Y>n). The
  question is: Based on what should we
  stock this n-th unit?
 The opportunity cost (expected loss of
  profit)for this n-th unit is P(n) Cs
 The expected cost for not being able to
  sell this n-th unit (expected loss)
                 Introduction to Operations Management
           The Newsboy model

 Stock   the n-th unit if P(n)Cs > (1-P(n))Ce

 Do   not stock if P(n)Cs < (1-P(n))Ce

               Introduction to Operations Management
             The Newsboy model
 The   equilibrium point occurs at
   P(n)Cs = (1-P(n)) Ce

 Solving the equation
   P(n) = Ce/(Cs + Ce)

                 Introduction to Operations Management
                Newsboy model

 Service   level is the probability that demand
  will not exceed the stocking level and is the
  key to determine the optimal stocking level.

 Inour notation, it is the probability that
  YX(=n), which is given by

       P(Yn) = 1 - P(n) = Cs/(Cs + Ce)
                  Introduction to Operations Management
                  Example (p.564)
Demand for long-stemmed red roses at a small flower shop can be
approximated using a Poisson distribution that has a mean of four
dozen per day. Profit on the roses is $3 per dozen. Leftover are
marked down and sold the next day at a loss of $2 per dozen. Assume
that all marked down flowers are sold. What is the optimal stocking

                     Introduction to Operations Management
                 Example (solutions)
                                                  Cumulative frequencies for
   Cs = $3, Ce = $2                              Poisson distribution, mean = 4
   Opportunity cost is P(n)Cs
                                                 Demand (dzn      Cumulative
   Expected loss for over-                      per day)         frequency
    stocking (1 - P(n)) Ce                       0                0.018
                                                 1                0.092
   P(Y  n) = Cs/(Cs + Ce) =                    2                0.238
    3/((3+2) = 0.6                               3                0.434
                                                 4                0.629
   From the table, it is                        5                0.785
    between 3 and 4, round up                5

    give you optimal stock of 4
                      Introduction to Operations Management
                   The Inventory Cycle
              Profile of Inventory Level Over Time
Q              Usage

on hand

    Receive         Place      Receive             Place     Receive
    order           order      order               order     order
                        Lead time to Operations Management
How to estimate the inventory costs?

              Introduction to Operations Management
Estimating the inventory costs
  Q  = quantity to order in each cycle
   S = fixed cost or set up cost for each order
   D = demand rate or demand per unit time
   H = holding cost per unit inventory per unit
   c = unit cost of the commodity

   TC   = total holding cost per unit time

                   Introduction to Operations Management
Estimating the inventory cost
   The   cost per order = S + cQ

   The   length of order cycle = Q/D unit time

   The average inventory level = Q/2
   Thus the inventory carrying cost
      = (Q/2) H (Q/D) = HQ2/(2D)

                   Introduction to Operations Management
Estimating the inventory cost

   The   total cost per order cycle
      = S + cQ + HQ2/(2D)

    Thus the total cost per unit time is dividing the
    above expression by Q/D, I.e.,

    TC = {S + cQ + HQ2/(2D)} {D/Q}
      = DS/Q + cD + HQ/2

                  Introduction to Operations Management
             Total Cost

             Annual     Annual
Total cost = carrying + ordering
             cost       cost

                    Q                  +          DS
      TC =            H
                    2                             Q

          Introduction to Operations Management
             Deriving the EOQ

Using calculus, we take the
derivative of the total cost function
and set the derivative (slope) equal
to zero and solve for Q.

         2DS     2(Annual Demand )(Order or Setup Cost)
QOPT =       =
          H               Annual Holding Cost

                 Introduction to Operations Management
               Cost Minimization Goal
              The Total-Cost Curve is U-Shaped

                         Q   D
                     TC  H  S
Annual Cost

                         2   Q

                                                                    Ordering Costs

                     QO (optimal order quantity)             Order Quantity (Q)
                     Introduction to Operations Management
            Minimum Total Cost

  The total cost curve reaches its
  minimum where the carrying and
  ordering costs are equal.

         2DS     2(Annual Demand )(Order or Setup Cost)
QOPT =       =
          H               Annual Holding Cost

                 Introduction to Operations Management
Cost            Total Costs

           Adding Purchasing cost                     TC with PD
           doesn’t change EOQ

                                                      TC without PD

       0       EOQ                                          Quantity
              Introduction to Operations Management
Total Cost with Constant Carrying Costs

 Total Cost

                                               TCc          Price

                                                 CC a,b,c

                 EOQ                                  Quantity
              Introduction to Operations Management
Example (Example 2, p.541)

A local distributor for a national tire company expects to sell
approximately 9600 steel-belted radial tires of a certain size and tread
design next year. Annual carrying costs are $16 per tire, and ordering
costs are $75. This distributor operate 288 days a year.
a. What is the EOQ?
b. How many times per year does the store reorder?
c. What is the length or an order cycle?
d. What is the total ordering and inventory cost?

                          Introduction to Operations Management
Solution (Example 2, p.541)

 D = 9600 tires per year, H = $16 per unit per year, S = $75
 a. Q0 = {2DS/H} = {2(9600)75/16} = 300
 b. Number of orders per year = D/ Q0 = 9600 / 300 = 32
 c. The length of one order cycle = 1 / 32 years = 288/32 days = 9 days
 d. Total ordering and inventory cost             = QH/2 + DS/Q
                                                  = 2400 + 2400 = 4800

                         Introduction to Operations Management
     EOQ with quantity discount

 This is a variant of the EOQ model.
 Quantity discount is another form of
 economies of scale: pay less for each unit
 if you order more. The essential trade-off
 is between economies of scale and
 carrying cost.

            Introduction to Operations Management
       EOQ with quantity discount
 To tackle the problem, there will be a separate
 (TC) curve for each discount quantity price. The
 objective is to identify an order quantity that will
 represent the lowest total cost for the entire set of
 curves in which the solution is feasible. There are
 two general cases:
  – The holding cost is constant
  – The holding cost is a percentage of the
    purchasing price.

               Introduction to Operations Management
Quantity discount (constant holding cost)

  Total   cost per cycle
     = setup cost + purchase cost + carrying cost
  Setup   cost = S
  Purchase cost = ciQ, if the order quantity Q
   is in the range where unit cost is ci.
  Carrying cost = (Q/2)h(Q/D)

  TC   = {S+ciQ+hQ2/(2D)}{D/Q} (annual cost)
                 Introduction to Operations Management
Quantity discount (constant holding cost)
  Differentiating, we obtain an optimal order quantity
  which is independent of the price of the good

    Q0 

  The questions is: Is this Q0 a feasible solution to our

                    Introduction to Operations Management
Quantity discount (constant holding cost)

  Solution   steps:
   1. Compute the EOQ.
   2. If the feasible EOQ is on the lowest price
   curve, then it is the optimal order quantity.
   3. If the feasible EOQ is on other curve, find
   the total cost for this EOQ and the total costs
   for the break points of all the lower cost
   curves. Compare these total costs. The point
   (EOQ point or break point) that yields the
   lowest total cost is the optimal order quantity.
                 Introduction to Operations Management
   The maintenance department of a large hospital uses
    about 816 cases of liquid cleanser annually. Ordering
    costs are $12, carrying cost are $4 per case a year, and
    the new price schedule indicates that orders of less
    than 50 cases will cost $20 per case, 50 to 79 cases
    will cost $18 per case, 80 to 99 cases will cost $17 per
    case, and larger orders will cost $16 per case.
    Determine the optimal order quantity and the total cost.

                   Introduction to Operations Management
                Example (solutions)
1.    The common EOQ: = {2(816)(12)/4} = 70

2.    70 falls in the range of 50 to 79, at $18 per case.
            TC = DS/Q+ciD+hQ/2
                = 816(12)/70 + 18(816) + 4(70)/2 = 14,968

3.    Total cost at 80 cases per order
        TC = 816(12)/80 + 17(816) + 4(80)/2 = 14,154
     Total cost at 100 cases per order
        TC = 816(12)/100 + 16(816) + 4(100)/2 =13,354

The minimum occurs at the break point 100. Thus order 100 cases
each time
                       Introduction to Operations Management
       Quantity discount (h = rc)
 Usingthe same argument as in the constant
 holding cost case, Let TCi be the total cost
 when the unit quantity is ci.
    TCi = rciQ/2 + DS/Q + ciD
 Therefore EOQ = {2DS/(rci)}

 In this case, the carrying cost will decrease
 with the unit price. Thus the EOQ will shift to
 the right as the unit price decreases.
                Introduction to Operations Management
          Quantity discount (h = rc)
 Steps   to identify optimal order quantity

 1. Beginning with the lowest price, find the EOQs for
 each price range until a feasible EOQ is found.
 2. If the EOQ for the lowest price is feasible, then it is
 the Optimal order quantity.
 3. Same as step (3) in the constant carrying case.

                   Introduction to Operations Management
                  Example (p.549)

Surge Electric uses 4000 toggle switches a year. Switches are priced
as follows: 1 to 499 at $0.9 each; 500 to 999 at $.85 each; and 1000
or more will be at $0.82 each. It costs approximately $18 to prepare
an order and receive it. Carrying cost is 18% of purchased price per
unit on an annual basis. Determine the optimal order quantity and the
total annual cost.

                      Introduction to Operations Management
        D = 4000 per year; S = 18 ; h = 0.18 {price}
Step 1. Find the EOQ for each price, starting with the lowest price
EOQ(0.82) = {2(4000)(18)/[(0.18)(0.82)]} = 988                  (Not feasible for the price range).

EOQ(0.85)= 970 (feasible for the range 500 to 999)
Step 2. Feasible solution is not on the lowest cost curve
Step 3. TC(970) = 970(.18)(.85)/2 + 4000(18)/970 + .85(4000) = 3548
        TC(1000) = 1000(.18)(.82)/2 + 4000(18)/1000 + .82(4000) = 3426

Thus the minimum total cost is 3426 and the minimum cost order size is
1000 units per order.

                         Introduction to Operations Management
 We have settled the problem of how much
 to order. The next decision problem is
 when to order.

             Introduction to Operations Management
               Reorder point
 In the EOQ model, we assume that the delivery
  of goods is instantaneous. However, in real life
  situation, there is a time lag between the time
  an order is placed and the receiving of the
  ordered goods. We call this period of time the
  lead time. Demand is still occurring during the
  lead time and thus inventory is required to meet
  customer demand. This is why we need to
  consider when to order!

               Introduction to Operations Management
            When to reorder

 We   can reorder based on:
 – time, say weekly, monthly, etc
 – quantity of goods on hand

              Introduction to Operations Management
When to Reorder with EOQ Ordering

 Reorder   Point - When the quantity on hand
  of an item drops to this amount, the item is
 Safety   Stock - Stock that is held in excess
  of expected demand due to variable demand
  rate and/or lead time.
 Service   Level - Probability that demand will
  not exceed supply during lead time.
               Introduction to Operations Management
      Quantity   Safety Stock

                                  Maximum probable demand
                                  during lead time

                                             Expected demand
                                             during lead time

                                             Safety stock
                        LT                                  Time
                 Introduction to Operations Management
              When to reorder
 In general, we need to consider the
  following four factors when deciding when
  to order:
  – The rate of demand (usually based on a
  – The length of lead time.
  – The extent of demand and lead time variability.
  – The degree of stock-out risk acceptable to
                Introduction to Operations Management
When to reorder

   We   will just cover two simple cases:
    – The demand rate and lead time are
    – Variable demand rate and constant lead

                 Introduction to Operations Management
Reorder Point

      Service level
                                          Risk of
                                        a stockout
     Probability of
     no stockout

                             ROP        Quantity
demand                Safety
              0                     z     z-scale

Introduction to Operations Management
ROP - constant demand and lead time
 Let  d be the demand rate per unit time and LT
  be the lead time in unit time.
 The reorder point quantity is given by
     ROP = expected demand during lead time +
            safety stock during lead time
 In this case, safety stock required is 0
     Thus ROP = d (LT)

  Example: See Example 7 on page 551
               Introduction to Operations Management
        ROP - variable demand rate
 The  lead time is constant. In this case, we need
  extra buffer of safety stock to insure against
  stock-out risk.
 Since it cost money to carry safety stocks, a
  manager must weigh carefully the cost of carrying
  safety stock against the reduction in stock-out risk
  (provided by the safety stock)

                  Introduction to Operations Management
           ROP - variable demand rate
 Inother words, he needs to trade-off the cost of
  safety stock and the service level.
 Service level = 1 - stock-out risk
 ROP = Expected lead time demand + safety stock
       = d (LT) + z 
       Where  is the standard deviation of the lead time
       demand = {LT} d

  Therefore ROP = d(LT) + z {LT} d

                      Introduction to Operations Management
            Example (Problem 4, p.569)
The housekeeping department of a hotel uses approximately 400
washcloths per day. The actual amount tends to vary with the number of
guests on any given night. Usage can be approximated by a normal
distribution that has a mean of 400 and a standard deviation of 9
washcloths per day. A linen supply company delivers towels and
washcloths with a lead time of three days. If the hotel policy is to maintain
a stock-out risk of 2 percent, what is the minimum number of washcloths
that must be on hand at reorder time, and how much of that amount can
be considered safety stock?

        d = 400, LT = 3 days, d = 9 , service level = 1 - risk = 0.98

                          Introduction to Operations Management
                    Example (solution)

Z = 2.055 (from normal distribution table)

Thus ROP = 400 (3) + 2.055 (3) d = 1200 + 32.03 = 1232

The safety stock is approximately 32 washcloths, providing a service
level of 98%.

                         Introduction to Operations Management
       Fixed-order-interval model

 In the EOQ/ROP models, fixed quantities
  of items are ordered at varying time
  interval. However, many companies
  ordered at fixed intervals: weekly,
  biweekly, monthly, etc. They order varying
  quantity at fixed intervals. We called this
  class of decision models fixed-order-
  interval (FOI) model.

              Introduction to Operations Management
                     FOI model

 Why    use FOI model?

 Is   it optimal?

 Whatare decision variables in the FOI

                 Introduction to Operations Management
                  FOI model

 Assuming lead time is constant, we need
 to consider the following factors
  – the expected demand during the ordering
    interval and the lead time
  – the safety stock for the ordering interval and
    lead time
  – the amount of inventory on hand at the time
    of ordering

               Introduction to Operations Management
                         FOI model
                                   Order quantity

                                                              Safety stock

Amount on hand (A)
               Place order                        LT
                      Introduction to Operations Management
               FOI model

 We use the following notations
 OI = Length of order interval
 A = amount of inventory on hand
 LT = lead time
 d = Standard deviation of demand

            Introduction to Operations Management
                  FOI model

 Amount   to order
   = expected demand during protection interval
     + Safety stock for protection interval
     - amount on hand at time of placing order

   = d(OI  LT)  z d OI  LT  A

               Introduction to Operations Management
                       Example (p.560)
The following information is given for a FOI system. Determine the
amount to order.
d = 30 units per day, d = 3 units per day, LT = 2 days; OI = 7 days
Amount on hand = 71 units, Desired serve level = 99%.

Solution: z = 2.33 for 99% service level.
Amount to order = 30 (7 + 2) + 2.33 (3) (7 + 2) - 71 = 270 + 20.97 - 71 = 220

                           Introduction to Operations Management

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5 5

So cute!

  • Familiarity: I've used it several times

This tank is super see through, so plan to either show off some skin or wear something solid under it if you don't want to be exposed. I picked it up in medium and I absolutely adore it. It has a fit that is flattering for the female figure; even though it fits loose, it isn't frumpy at all. It is just see through enough to give a nice silhouette of your shape, and I love the pattern on the back. Definitely one of my best tank purchases of the year.


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If you manage to ignite your KR3W Wilson Shorts during your ill-fated 'rocket-powered skateboard' stunt attempt, they may still be more comfortable than the array of poser-wear your wheeled comrades are wearing. Just be sure to put a quick stop to the chorus of 'liar, liar, pants on fire' after you fail to deliver on your promise to land a backflip while lighting the rockets.
  • Comfortable lightweight cotton canvas feels great while you drop into bowls or drop back onto the couch at the end of the day
  • Front and back pockets hold plenty of illegal explosives to send you to the moon on wheels

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Building Materials

Foundation ventilators

> SKU 100222

16X8 FLOOD FNDT VENT - 1540-520 by SmartVENT Products

16X8 FLOOD FNDT VENT - 1540-520 by SmartVENT Products Larger Image
SmartVENT Products
Model:  1540-520
Do it Best SKU:  100222
Online Price: $209.99
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SmartVENT Products
Flood Foundation Vent

This series is used for a garage or conditioned space where flood protection is required but air ventilation is not desired, for situations where a sealed crawlspace is being utilized in a floodplain, flood protection is still required and the Insulated Flood Vent series is the perfect fit for those applications. Ventilation: The flood door contains a 2" styrofoam core that has an R-value of 8.34. There is also a felt weather stripping that lines the entire vent frame helping to keep the enclosure as insulated as possible. Flood Protection: The vent door is latched closed until it comes in contact with flood water. Entering flood water lifts the patented internal floats which unlatch and allow the door to rotate open. This allows the flood water to automatically enter and exit through the frame opening, relieving the pressure from the foundation walls. Certified flood debris clearance is demonstrated with a 3" diameter opening when the flood door is activated. Covers 200 sq ft (square feet).

Attic ventilators
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7/13/2014 11:26:36 PM
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Hand Tools

Nails, tacks and staples

Hardened nails

> SKU 762960

4LB 3" STAR SCREW - 762960 by Primesource

4LB 3" STAR SCREW - 762960 by Primesource Larger Image
Model:  762960
Do it Best SKU:  762960
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Do it Green Coated Exterior Deck Screw

Features a proprietary polymer coating that protects the fastener against corrosive elements. Lifetime manufacturer polymer coating that protects the fastener against corrosive elements. Lifetime Manufacturer guarantee against rust and corrosion, including when used with treated lumber. These fasteners are not approved for projects using redwood or cedar, for marine projects, or within 5 miles of coastline (only stainless steel fasteners are recommended for these projects). Star drive 6 lobbed, star-shaped recess provides quick bit engagement and greater torque control. Bugle head coarse thread. Countersinking bugle head prevents heads from popping out. Leaves smooth finish. For use in exterior applications including decks, siding, gazebos, and playsets. Type: 17 point.

Aluminum, copper and brass nails
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Lighting & Fans

Lights & fixtures

Photoelectric and night switches

> SKU 570354

RED TOGGLE SWITCH - 41210 by G B Electrical Inc

RED TOGGLE SWITCH - 41210 by G B Electrical Inc Larger Image
G B Electrical Inc
Model:  41210
Do it Best SKU:  570354
Online Price: $4.19
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G B Electrical Inc
Toggle Switch And Panel Combination

Combines the functions of an indicator and a switch into 1 product. Incandescent nonreplaceable bulb with colored toggle switch. 2-position On/Off with the handle illuminated in the On position. Terminal measures 0.250". Additional panels can be mounted with clip provided. Male blade terminal/wire leads. 12V DC/20A. Red.

Ceiling fixtures
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Doors & Windows

Edging and molding

Plastic edging and molding

> SKU 176001

7' GOLDEN OAK COL CASING - DD 011-007955 by Gossen Corp

7' GOLDEN OAK COL CASING - DD 011-007955 by Gossen Corp Larger Image
Gossen Corp
Model:  DD 011-007955
Do it Best SKU:  176001
Online Price: $182.25
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Gossen Corp
Deep Dimensions Colonial Cellular Vinyl Casing

Prefinished vinyl embossed woodgrain designs. Available in natural woodgrains and solid colors. Takes either oil, alkyd, or latex type paint. 9/16" x 2-1/4" x 7'. 25-pieces per carton.

How to Trim Carpentry
Metal edging and molding
Plastic edging and molding
Wood edging and molding

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Residence hardware

Wardrobe hooks

> SKU 215856

2PK UTILITY HANGER - 215856 by Do it Best

2PK UTILITY HANGER - 215856 by Do it Best Larger Image
Do it Best
Model:  215856
Do it Best SKU:  215856
Online Price: $2.99
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Do it Best
Utility Hanger

Rust-resistant finish. Use in garage or basement for hanging lawn furniture, ladders, sports equipment, etc. Mounting hardware is included. 2 per card.

Coat and hat hooks
House numbers
Key blanks
Key machines
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USB Car Charger Adapters

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$1.00 (Minimum qty: 48 units)
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Keep your phone and MP3 player charged up when you are on the go! 12-volt DC adapter for your car has a USB port to plug in your charging cord for your cellular phones and digital music players. Compatible with MP3/MP4 players, iPod®, iPad®, iPhone®, and other mobile phones. Perfect for business travelers and vacations, and resale at convenience stores, electronic stores, and gift shops. Case includes 24 – 12V USB car charger adapter assorted between white and black. Each adapter is DC powered, 12W, 1 amp. Colors may vary.
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USB Car Charger Adapters 4.6 5 10 12
Not for iPads, but great for smaller devices These USB chargers only put out 0.5 to 1.0 amps, so you can't charge a hungry device like an iPad, but I've found that they work great for cell phones, iPods and other small electronic devices. Given the price, they are a huge bargain. June 11, 2014
What a Deal!!! Well worth a buck. Bought several for myself and my children and we all love it. June 10, 2014
Handy and inexpensive. I found this little bargain and grabbed one as I have misplaced the more expensive one I bought a few months ago. It does the same job as the much higher priced chargers at "Big Box" stores. And if you lose it or break it, a replacement is available readily. February 28, 2014
it's ok the problem I have with this item is it pops out of the hole. If it didn't I would say it was perfect. January 26, 2014
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Purchasing a case of 48 USB Car Charger Adapters is a better value than buying  units. Would you like to upgrade to a case?


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"Electra Peace 3sp Nexus 24"" Womans"

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Brand: Electra / Type: Cruiser Bike

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    "Electra Peace 3sp Nexus 24"" Womans Cruiser 2011. Bikes Cruiser Womens. Sophisticated and expressive styles that are ready for the urban runway. The unique personalities of our Fashion Cruisers are fully integrated throughout the entire bike—from the frame, fenders and chainguards to the carefully crafted saddles an ...."


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£46.99 Best Offer by: ebay.co.uk See more offers
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Type: Bottom Total Volume: 10.2 cu / ft / / 289 liter / 3 shelves / Door Opens to Left and Right / Efficiency: A

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      19.01.2010 21:39

      would recommend

      Good old faithful. I have had this fridge freezer for around 5 years now and it is still going strong. It is a good family freezer which holds a lot in the fridge but a little more freezer space would be desired. I like that the fridge freezer has a holiday function which i actually do use when I go away. Just simply push at a push of a button. The fridge is also very very cold when on its highest setting which is great especially on the summer but normally I like to keep it set in the middle so the products are chilled moe than cold. Freeser is frost free so have never needed to defrost it in five years. Freezer also has a high temperture warning light and a food defrost light to alert you to any problems with the freezer. Fridge comes with a 6 bottle rack which i think is a great feature.

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  • Product Details

    Fresh Food Volume / Short name: Hotpoint FFA71


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Mavala Anti Blemish Cream Hands

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£13.00 Best Offer by: cheapsmells.com See more offers

Brand: Mavala / Texture: Cream / Type: Anti-Blemish Cream / Subcategory: Hand Cream / Suitable for: Hand / What it does: Smoothes, Rejuvenates, blemish control, Protects / Gender: Ladies Bath and Body

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    Pigmentary blemishes represent one of the major natural phenomena of ageing skin / Hormonal changes, too frequent exposure to the sun or without protection are the origin of increased disturbance of the skin's natural pigmentation / Anti Blemish Cream for hands tones down and prevents the appearance of pigmentary blemishes yet does not contain any harsh chemicals / After a few weeks, the size and intensity of the blemishes will visibly diminish / Hands will be smoother and moisturized / Light and non greasy, this cream easily penetrates and leaves a protective film on the skin /


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Brand: Baumatic / Energy Source: Gas / Cooktop Type: Fixed / Number of Cooking Elements: 5 / Element Type: Burner / Overall Depth: 20.08 in. / Overall Height: 1.97 in. / Overall Width: 26.77 in.

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    4 litre capacity / Temperature range of 160° / 180°C / Removable basket and bowl / Nominal power of 2.20kW / 13amp power supply required / Stainless steel base / Stainless steel knob / Dimensions: H150 x W306 x D503 mm / Short name: Baumatic B77