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Movie Legality Copyright

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The copyright of your film or short film gives you a number of exclusive rights to your work, including the right to reproduce and distribute it to the public and to publicly perform the work. However, in order to enforce these exclusive rights, you must properly register your copyright. For most independent filmmakers, creating an LLC is the best choice for their film production companies because it reduces accountability, defines governance, and most importantly, pays people. In most cases, you are entitled to a “non-theatrical” public performance licence, which is considerably cheaper than what a commercial theatre has to pay. Still, the cost is likely to be at least several hundred dollars, especially for the latest films. This may seem unreasonable, but remember that inability or unwillingness to pay is not a valid defense to a copyright infringement lawsuit. Student organizations that screen films for entertainment purposes are responsible for paying royalties. Do you know how some reality shows blur logos on clothes? I used to think it was because the reality show didn`t want to give the brand free publicity. But this is not the case. It turns out it`s because of copyright. The laws and regulations surrounding fair dealing and copyright are among the most confusing aspects of filmmaking. When can you use a song, photo or clip, etc.

and be within the limits of the law? And what about the thousands of videos uploaded to YouTube and Vimeo every week? How can they get away with an apparent copyright infringement? But video essays are the epitome of fair dealing in terms of education and critical commentary. This is the essence of a video essay. On the basis of the transformative use, the amount of copyrighted material and the fact that this use does not affect the commercial viability of the copyright holders, they are protected. Well, I can`t say with 100% certainty that these guys don`t really have licenses with all the parties whose copyrighted works are used. But I`ll say that a guy from Philadelphia who makes videos in his living room and makes $3,000 a video hasn`t paid royalties to a dozen different conglomerates. If you have not yet released your film or short film, you can send a separate description of the work as well as a copy of the work that includes all visual and audio elements covered by copyright registration. First, do you use the hardware for a different purpose than its original purpose? This is what it means for a work to be transformative. This is a common term you`ll hear in fair dealing discussions.

A classic example would be the use of a film excerpt in an educational context. An excerpt from the opening scene of Saving Private Ryan in a video essay on Spielberg`s use of Cinema Verité is transformative. They take the original media (entertainment) and use it for education. Copyright laws for films protect against offenses such as unauthorized copying or theft of content and illegal public performances. Content theft includes recording movies in movie theaters, copying movies from the Internet, and illegally copying DVDs. A public performance is defined in section 101 of title 17 as a performance or exhibition of the work of a copyright owner in a place accessible to the public; This excludes a small group of friends and family members who gather in a house to watch a DVD. The beauty of the best practice explanation is that it was created in collaboration with documentary filmmakers and the world`s leading jurists to define, in simple terms, what types of uses of copyrighted works fall under fair use. I used and referenced it in the production of my short documentary “Mixed in America: Little Mixed Sunshine”. “But Ron, didn`t you allude to the fact that random appearances of copyrights or trademarks might be acceptable?” It`s true.

But 1) these are not documentaries that we make, they were narrative fictions. And 2) 48HFP distributes the winning films online and internationally. So they cover themselves. And in case you`re wondering, no, my film didn`t win. We missed the 30-minute deadline because we had to export the project again. Perhaps no area of confusion on this issue is more misunderstood than music. You don`t need to look any further than the hundreds (or even thousands) of professionally shot wedding videos edited with copyrighted music. Or the countless epic short films on YouTube with Hans Zimmer or Michael Giacchino “Scores”. Many film newbies assume that if a video is “not for commercial purposes” and/or the music was purchased from iTunes, it cleans them up or their conscience. Unfortunately, this is not the case (well, it may give them a clear conscience, but it certainly does not enlighten them legally). You can register a copyright for your book by submitting your registration electronically or by submitting a printed application.

Simply put, a copyright protects literary and artistic goods such as books, films, videos, plays, photos, etc. It should not be confused with a trademark, which is a form of protection for words and symbols. Trademarks are primarily used to protect a company`s intellectual property that surrounds its trademarks and logos. No discussion of copyright and fair dealing in filmmaking would be complete without addressing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to some extent. This is a bill signed by President Bill Clinton on October 12, 1998, implementing two treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The law is detailed and contains five titles. In short, and to paraphrase Wikipedia: “It criminalizes the production and distribution of technologies, devices, or services aimed at circumventing digital rights management (DRM).” Creative Commons does extremely important work. It allows content creators to share and use copyrighted material in a way that is fair and equitable to copyright holders and copyright users. You can learn more about them at

In 2011, I participated in The 48 Hour Film Project. To this day, it remains the most challenging and rewarding cinematic experience of my life. One of the rules of the festival was to make sure you had releases for the copyrighted material in your film. Includes paintings and photographs. I have tried to give you an exhaustive list of resources and case studies related to fair dealing and copyright so that you can make informed decisions in the future. But I`m sure there are other resources I may have missed. What are some of your favorite sites for legally finding and using copyrighted material in productions? Please share. If a bar, club or other organization wants to show a film by a group, it must get permission from the copyright owner. This authorization is usually obtained by obtaining a public performance license from the copyright owner. You must register a copyright on your song to enforce your songwriting rights and prevent anyone from copying or performing your music without your music. “The creator believes that the video is fair dealing because it is non-commercial and satirical. We agree that a fair dealing argument can be made, but the DMCA does not give content hosts (such as Vimeo) permission to ignore a takedown notification simply because one or more fair use factors are present.

This is a legal matter between the copyright owner and the creator of the video. There are also many resources to get free images. Websites like Unsplash and StockSnap have used Creative Commons Zero licenses.


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Nel's New Day

January 18, 2014

Bloggers Gain First Amendment Rights

When I started this blog almost three years ago, I wondered what would happen if someone decided to sue me for what I wrote. I’m careful to give sources and not get too radical in my words, but the right wing’s goal is to close down any dissention—and some of the them are millionaires and billionaires. A recent decision by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals helped set some of my concerns to rest.

Yesterday, the federal appeals court ruled in Obsidian Finance Group v. Cox that bloggers and the public have the same First Amendment protections as journalists when sued for defamation. Plaintiffs have to prove negligence to win damages if the issue is of public concern.

The lawsuit began when an Oregon bankruptcy trustee got riled when a Montana blogger wrote that the court-appointed trustee criminally mishandled a bankruptcy case. The appeals court ruled that the trustee was not a public figure because they are compensated by assets of the Chapter 11 estate they administer and not the government. Cases invoke a higher standard for public officials, requiring proof that the writer acted with malice. Because of the public concern decision, the negligence standard applied.

Gregg Leslie of the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press said the ruling affirms what many have long argued: Standards set by a 1974 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Gertz v. Robert Welch Inc., apply to everyone, not just journalists.

Bend attorney Kevin Padrick and his company, Obsidian Finance Group LLC, had sued blogger Crystal L. Cox, now living in Port Townsend (WA), after she accused them of fraud, corruption, money-laundering, and other illegal activities. In 2010 she wrote about one of the firm’s principals who was appointed as a bankruptcy trustee to a company that misappropriated client funds. She accused him of impropriety in advising the bankrupt firm.

A district court ruled that Obsidian did not need to prove malice or negligence on her part because she wasn’t a journalist. Judge Marco Hernandez of United States District Court (Portland, OR) did throw out most of Padrick’s claims of defamation, ruling that Ms. Cox’s posts were so over-the-top that no reasonable reader would conclude that she was making allegations of fact. The court’s jury awarded $2.5 million to Padrick and Obsidian.

According to the appeals court, Padrick and Obsidian were hired by Summit Accommodators to advise them before filing for bankruptcy, and the U.S. Bankruptcy Court later appointed Padrick trustee in the Chapter 11 case. The court added that Summit had defrauded investors in its real estate operations through a Ponzi scheme.

“The district court should have instructed the jury that it could not find Cox liable for defamation unless it found that she acted negligently,” Judge Andrew D. Hurwitz wrote. “We hold that liability for a defamatory blog post involving a matter of public concern cannot be imposed without proof of fault and actual damages.” The appeals court agreed with the District Court that other posts by Cox were constitutionally protected opinion.

Cox originally acted as her own attorney, but UCLA law professor Eugene Volokh offered to represent her in an appeal after he learned of her case. Volokh said such cases usually end up settled without trial, and it was rare for one to reach the federal appeals court level. He said:

“It makes clear that bloggers have the same First Amendment rights as professional journalists. There had been similar precedents before concerning advocacy groups, other writers and book authors. This follows a fairly well established chain of precedents. I believe it is the first federal appeals court level ruling that applies to bloggers.”

Steven M. Wilker, lawyer for Padrick and Obsidian wrote, “We are evaluating our options with respect to the court’s decision.”

Unfortunately, there is a dark side to the story. Cox’s interest in the bankruptcy of Summit Accommodators, an intermediary company that holds cash to complete property exchanges, came from the daughter of one of the four senior executives charged with defraud clients of millions. Padrick went after the woman’s father, and Cox blamed the trustee of using inside information and illegal measures to get rich while he was trying to restore his clients’ investments. According to Padrick, Cox ruined him.

According to David Carr in The New York Times, “there is nothing in Mr. Padrick’s professional history or the public record that I found to suggest he is any of those things. He was appointed as a trustee by the court, he was subjected to an F.B.I. background check, and there have been no criminal investigations into his conduct. About 85 percent of the funds have been returned to the creditors, which seems to be a good result.”

crystal-cox-bloggerCarr reported that she frequently created a domain with the person’s name, allegations of corruption, or both. Over a year ago, she had at least 500 URLs at her disposal and likes to use them. Although she had sworn to not give up until Padrick was indicted, she did write his lawyer a letter waving a white flag:

“At this Point in my Life it is Time to Think of Me. So I want to Let you know and Obsidian Finance that I am now offering PR Services and Search Engine Management Services starting at $2,500 a month [to promote Law Firms [and] Finance Companies [and ]to protect online reputations and promote businesses.”

The letter was signed, “In Love and Light, Crystal Cox.”

Another blog had far more to tell about the saga of Crystal Cox.

This holding is the first of its kind for the 9th Circuit Court although other appeals courts have ruled that individuals have the same First Amendment rights as journalists. It is, however, the first case that specifically protects bloggers’ rights.

The bonus of the decision is the ruling that bloggers have the same First Amendment rights as the public and the media. The downside is that it came from a sleazy blogger.

1 Comment »

  1. Good news!

    Comment by Lee Lynch — January 18, 2014 @ 8:59 PM | Reply

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May 8, 2017

Don’t Mess with Our Internet!

John Oliver, comedic satirist on HBO who was once on Jon Stewart’s The Daily Show, closed down the FCC comment website three years ago when he asked people to fight for net neutrality. The people who fought for an open net won, but a new administration led by Dictator Donald Trump (DDT) and a new FCC chair (Ajit Pai) appointed by DDT want to reverse the freedom to close the net. Last night, Oliver gave a brilliant description that thoroughly explained the situation. By this afternoon, the FCC had received over 100,000 comments.

People are permitted to comment on impending policies, but government websites have become much more convoluted. To simplify a need to wander the government links, Oliver has set a link that leads to making a comment. It’s which takes you to The process is still a bit convoluted. On the screen, press Submit a Filing at the top of the page and then Express Comment. The top box to complete requires the number of the case (17-108). There is also a telephone number to call with comments. (Pai has said that he’s looking at the “quality,” not the “quantity” of comments.)

You can also sign this petition.

Once again, Oliver’s commentary loaded the servers, and the site went down for a while. FCC is rather grumpy about it, blaming the crash on a denial-of-service attack on its website:

“These were deliberate attempts by external actors to bombard the FCC’s comment system with a high amount of traffic to our commercial cloud host.”

The outcry came from people who wanted to preserve internet rights, the same people who persuaded FCC Chair Tom Wheeler to reclassify internet server providers (ISPs) as “common carriers” under Title II of the Telecommunications Act. In that way, companies cannot create “fast lanes” from preferred websites or slow down others because of larger or smaller payments to the ISPs.

Big ISPs have flooded the media with op-ed pieces praising Pai and his intention to get rid of Net Neutrality. Almost every piece came from those who have links to a group getting money from the cable and phone companies trying to bury Net Neutrality. People from these groups provided millions of dollars to these groups whose representatives are trying to persuade the public that they should be controlled by big business ISPs because NTA and CTIA pays them: the Technology Policy Institute, the Institute for Policy Innovation, Digital Liberty, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), the American Legislative Exchange Council’s (ALEC) Task Force on Communications & Technology, wrote an April 28 piece for The Hill attacking the Obama administration’s Net Neutrality rules, and the Free State Foundation.

“Net neutrality is a solution in search of a problem,” according to ISP officials who typically claim that blocking has never happened. They say the market would prevent blocking by forcing ISPs to reopen their networks. They’re wrong. Here are a few abusive problems in search of a solution:

Madison River:  In 2005, North Carolina ISP Madison River Communications blocked the voice-over-internet protocol (VOIP) service Vonage. The FCC stepped in to sanction Madison River and prevent further blocking after Vonage complained, but it lacks the authority to stop this kind of abuse today.

Comcast: In 2005, the nation’s largest ISP, Comcast, began secretly blocking peer-to-peer technologies that its customers were using over its network so that users of services like BitTorrent and Gnutella were unable to connect to these services. Investigations in 2007 confirmed the Comcast action that they did not tell their customers.

Telus: In 2005, Canada’s second-largest telecommunications company began blocking access to a server that hosted a website supporting a labor strike against the company as well as another 766 unrelated sites.

AT&T: From 2007–2009, AT&T forced Apple to block Skype and other competing VOIP phone services on the iPhone to keep users from any app allowing them to make calls on such “over-the-top” voice services. The same thing happened to the Google Voice app in 2009.

Windstream: In 2010, this DSL provider with more than 1 million customers confessed to illegally seizing copped user-search queries on the Google toolbar within Firefox and redirected them to Windstream’s own search portal and results.

MetroPCS: In 2011, one of the top-five U.S. wireless carriers announced plans to block streaming video over its 4G network from all sources except YouTube and then supported Verizon’s court challenge against the FCC’s 2010 open internet ruling, hoping to continue its anti-consumer practices.

Paxfire: In 2011, the Electronic Frontier Foundation found that several small ISPs were redirecting search queries via the vendor Paxfire which would intercept a search at Bing and Yahoo to redirected it to another page. In that way, the ISPs could collect referral fees for delivering users to select websites.

AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon: From 2011–2013, these three companies blocked Google Wallet, a mobile-payment system, for force users into ISIS, a similar system that the companies had participated in developing.

Europe: A 2012 report from the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications found that violations of Net Neutrality affected at least one in five users in Europe.

Verizon: In 2012, Verizon Wireless blocked people from using tethering (sharing) applications on their phones that let users circumvent Verizon’s $20 tethering fee and turn their smartphones into Wi-Fi hot spots. By blocking those applications, Verizon violated a Net Neutrality pledge it made to the FCC as a condition of the 2008 airwaves auction.

AT&T: In 2012, AT&T announced that it would disable the FaceTime video-calling app on its customers’ iPhones unless they subscribed to a more expensive text-and-voice plan.

A court struck down the FCC’s rules in January 2014, and FCC Chair Tom Wheeler opened a public proceeding for a new order in May of that year. Millions of people urged the FCC to reclassify broadband providers as common carriers, and in February 2015 the agency did just that by voting to regulate high-speed internet service as a utility. Last year the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld these net neutrality regulations. Since his appointment in January 2017, FCC Chairman Pai has sought to dismantle the agency’s landmark Net Neutrality rules because cable companies have claimed that they are reliable enough to monitor themselves.

During the court proceedings, Verizon lawyer Helgi Walker freely confessed that the company wanted to prioritize websites and services willing to pay more money and then give them better access. She added that Verizon wants to block online content from companies and individuals not willing to pay enough to her company. Five time she said in court:

“I’m authorized to state from my client today that but for these rules we would be exploring those types of arrangements.”

When Judge Laurence Silberman asked if Verizon should be able to block any website or service that doesn’t pay the company’s proposed tolls, Walker said: “I think we should be able to; in the world I’m positing, you would be able to.”

Last month, the GOP Congress took away online privacy protections by overturning FCC’s Title II net neutrality broadband privacy order. ISPs can now sell personal information about their subscribers. Major providers are pledging to protect customers’ data, including browsing data, but they haven’t provided any definition of that they supposedly won’t be selling. And Verizon, Comcast, and AT&T plan to deliver ads “based on the websites visited by people who are not personally identified”—which means that they are collecting your browsing data. In a filing to the FCC earlier this year, CTIA, representing the major wireless ISPs, argued that “web browsing and app usage history are not ‘sensitive information'” and that ISPs should be able to share those records by default, unless a customer asks them not to.

To a complaint about the lack of privacy, Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI), 73, said, “Nobody’s got to use the internet.” GOP politicians are out of touch with the voters in many ways, especially because staffers do most of their work. Even DDT, known for his prolific tweets, refuses to use email most of the time. Assistants print out online articles for him to read from hardcopy. DDT supposedly wants to roll back net neutrality—most likely because he wants to roll back any progress by President Obama—but most likely he has no idea what net neutrality is.

Naysayers claim that protesting will do no good. Pai is using “jobs” as his excuse to give more money to big ISPs although they invested more money with net neutrality than before it. An open meeting on the topic is scheduled for May 18.

December 17, 2015

Prison Reform: Don’t Trust the Koch Brothers

The United States is the largest police state in the world, with more prisoners than China or Russia both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of the population. Charles and David Koch, worth over $100 billion by ripping off the middle class and poor as well  as heavy investors in the oil industry, are now backing a bipartisan attempt to reduce the number of incarcerated people in the U.S. which has the highest imprisonment rate in the world, especially burdening the poor and people of color.

While the press has been complimentary about the Koch brothers’ efforts in this arena, the two wealthy men may have a nefarious motive—protecting their corporations to block prosecution of corporate violations of environmental and financial laws designed to protect the public. Their proposed changes would, at the public’s expense, effect more problems in holding executives and their employees responsible for violating U.S. laws while protecting financial interests of the wealthy and corporate leaders. For at least five years, the Kochs and their American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) have pushed to increase the “intent” standard for criminal violations, particularly for so-called “white collar” crime and executive suite criminals. The result would provide huge benefits for Koch Industries and their corporate friends.

After the Senate passed bipartisan legislation to make the criminal justice system fairer, the House took a Koch idea that has now passed its Judiciary Committee. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner’s (R-WI) bill fails to address mass incarceration but instead requires prosecutors to prove that a person or corporation “knowingly” engaged in illegal conduct and additionally “knew” or should have known that the conduct violated federal law. If passed, the bill “would make it much harder for prosecutors to criminally prosecute companies that swindle the public, endanger their workers, poison the environment or otherwise imperil consumers,” said Rob Weissman, President of Public Citizen. Koch Industries is one of Sensenbrenner’s top contributors in this election cycle.

An “intent” requirement called “mens rea” requires that prosecutors prove a person intended to cause harm and violate the law before imposition of long prison sentences. Criminal laws for acts of violence typically have this mandate, but federal law does not have to prove intent in many federal laws for white collar crimes such as environmental violations and financial crimes under the Dodd-Frank financial reform law. For example, federal law does not require proof that a company or its leaders intended to violate the law by polluting waterways or crashing the economy. Just the existence of these acts can hold corporations and their leaders criminally liable because of complexity of hierarchy and authority.

The Upper Big Branch Mine disaster killing 29 workers from cost-cutting led to an unusual criminal conviction for the former CEO of Massey Energy. This conviction could not happen with the Koch brothers’ bill in the House. Frank O. Bowman, law professor at the University of Missouri, explained:

“Requiring that prosecutors prove that a corporate executive is both consciously aware of the conduct of their subordinates and consciously aware that the conduct of those subordinates violates criminal law is very, very difficult. This would make [white collar] prosecutions more difficult than they now are, and they are already hard.”

Over-incarceration is not a problem for corporations and their leaders because the Justice Department has a large number of deferred prosecutions in exchange for defendants’ promises not to break the law in the future. Koch’s “intent” standard on all federal crimes would undermine the few corporate criminal prosecutions that could take place. Sensenbrenner’s bill prevents such guilty pleas as the one from Jensen Farms, that killed 33 people from a failure to follow food safety standards with its cantaloupe. The default intent requirement would lessen prosecutions of violations in the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Resource Recovery and Compensation Act (RCRA), etc.

Naturally the Koch brother’s bill protects the Koch Industries. In 2000, Forbes reported that “a federal grand jury indicted the privately held company and four of its employees in September on 97 related charges for alleged violations that took place at the company’s refinery in Corpus Christi, Tex.” The Koch brothers may not have deliberately intended to spew 91 metric tons of toxic chemical benzene into the air and water before hiding their actions from federal investigators. Yet the lack of protections and emissions monitoring resulted in 15 times the legal limit of benzene to be emitted from the refinery. Benzene is a Group 1 carcinogen causing acute myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, reduced production of bone marrow, suppression of T-cells, chromosomal aberrations, reduction of birth weight, and other health problems.

The Koch brothers donated $378,500 directly to George W. Bush’s campaign and the GOP as well as unknown quantities of money to other groups. Bush’s AG, John Ashcroft, reduced the charges for violations, which could have cost the company over $500 million, and dropped all except one count for the Koch Petroleum Group. Koch paid only $20 million.

The Koch brothers said that this experience inspired their interest in criminal justice reform. For example, Koch Industries Associate General Council Marsha Rabiteau gave a presentation titled “Overcriminalization: Liberty, and More, At Risk for Corporations and Their Employees,” with the “intent” requirement to solve any prosecution of corporations. Heritage Foundation has an “Overcriminalization” project, and the Koch-backed National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers has a report called “Without Intent: How Congress Is Eroding the Criminal Intent Requirement in Federal Law.”

Rabiteau also maintains that corporations cannot form any “intent” to be held liable for a criminal act—despite the Supreme Court’s declaration that a corporation is a “person” for the purposes of “free speech.” She argues corporate criminal justice law reform is vital to punish wrongdoers “with laws that are clear and adhere to our Anglo-American heritage.” This reference furthers separates white collar criminals from a criminal justice system that largely falls on non-Anglo-Americans.

The debate over the Dodd-Frank financial reform bill in 2010 led to two Koch-backed groups, the National Association for Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) and the Heritage Foundation, issuing a comprehensive joint report and project, “Without Intent,” criticizing “overcriminalization” and the lack of intent requirements in the federal criminal code. The report’s co-author, Tiffany Joslin, is Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Judiciary Crime Subcommittee—chaired by Sensenbrenner—and the report has been repeatedly cited in the congressional debate on criminal justice reform. Fortunately, even intense lobbying didn’t keep “intent” out of the Dodd-Frank Act criminal provisions–at least then. A large part of Koch brothers’ business comes from oil speculation; they created the first oil derivatives in 1986 and worked with then-Sen. Phil Gramm to deregulate energy speculation with credit default swaps in 2000 with the “Enron Loophole.”

Although the Koch brothers’ NACDL received positive press, the group has a large section focused on helping some of the wealthiest white-collar defense firms in the country and reshaping the law to address “overcriminalization” just for corporations. The current Director of NACDL’s White Collar Crime Project, Shana-Tara Regon (now Shana-Tara O’Toole), has testified on Capitol Hill in favor of an intent requirement for white-collar crimes. She has also co-authored op-eds with the Heritage Foundation favoring intent laws, and has represented the organization on the “Congressional Task Force on Overcriminalization.” In 2011, Regon testified before Congress to put “intent” into the white collar crime law, the 1977 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which prohibits U.S. corporations from bribing foreign public officials. The FCPA prosecutes an average of 14 cases per year. While Regon testified, the Kochs were involved in a bribery scandal in France.

The Koch-backed ALEC, which increased the number of prisoners and length of prison time through its success in “three strikes you’re out” and “truth in sentencing” bills, now criticizes the lack of intent for white collar crimes. An ALEC focus, however, is prison privatization to benefit its corporate funders such as Corrections Corporation of America (CCA). When Walmart started funding ALEC, the group pushed bills to create mandatory minimum sentences for shoplifting, enacted new penalties for retail theft, and even added sentencing enhancers for using an emergency exit when shoplifting to fill the private prisons. For corporations however, ALEC adopted the Criminal Intent Protection Act as a “model” bill for states to impose a strict criminal intent requirement.

At the same time as the publication of Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, ALEC and other Koch-backed groups worked on voter suppression laws to greatly decrease voting power for people of color. The high-level Koch operative Mike Roman led the perpetuation of voter fraud myths through race-baiting after Barack Obama was elected president.

When the Koch brothers talked about incarceration reform, I had a slight ray of hope. It’s gone.

January 16, 2012

MLK Day 2012 Shows How Backward We’ve Become

Over half a century ago, a 26-year-old Martin Luther King, Jr. led the boycott of segregated Montgomery (AL) buses; today we honor his memory by celebrating his birthday. Fifty-seven years later, what is our status on racism? Some believe that electing a black president of the United States means that we have achieved tolerance, that bigotry is gone. Looking closely at the culture of the nation today shows a far different picture.

Many of our nation’s “leaders” make racial remarks, sometimes unaware of how ignorant their statements are. Rick Santorum and Newt Gingrich  insulted black through the insinuation that these are the only poor people in the country and that they’re poor because they’re lazy.

Kansas Speaker of the House, Mike O’Neal, forwarded two emails, one calling the First Lady “Mrs. YoMama” and the other wishing Psalms 109:8 on Obama: “Let his days be few; and let another take his office,” a statement followed by “Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow.” He said that forwarding the first one was an accident, “To those I have offended, I am sorry. That was not my intent.” [He certainly couldn’t admit that the content was wrong.] About the second email he said he didn’t really mean that he wanted President Obama to die—a statement commonly used by those who persist in sending out the email.

Earlier Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI) declared Mrs. Obama a hypocrite for leading the Let’s Move campaign because she supposedly has a “large posterior.” Ironically, Sensenbrenner made his crude comment at St. Aidan’s Episcopal Church in Hartford (WI) while talking with 72-year-old Ann Marsh-Meigs and other parishioners during the church’s Christmas bazaar.

The racial difference between the Democrat and Republican parties shows a clear polarity: Hispanics favor Obama over Romney by 68 to 23 percent while the Republican Party is 92 percent white. At the same time that seniors 65 years of age and older, overwhelmingly white, benefit from a Medicare plan far superior to that of President Obama’s health care plan, yet 50 percent of them oppose the Affordable Care Act.

These statistics may not indicate racism to deniers. We’ll continue. How about Republican methods of skewing the vote? Four years ago in South Carolina, the state holding a primary in five days, conservatives spread the false rumor that John McCain had illegitimately fathered a black child.

South Carolina is also one of several GOP-controlled states passing a law mandating voters to have government-issued photo identification. Many people without this photo ID remember the old poll taxes and literacy tests that led to the passing of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, one of the most important victories of Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement. Despite the number of politicians who wander around claiming that there was no intent to disenfranchise minority voters—indeed it wouldn’t at all, according to them—a study shows that more than 5 million voters would lose their citizens’ rights, the majority of them minorities as well as young and old voters. In South Carolina, 82,000 registered minority voters lack state-issued identification, according to the state’s recent statistics.

Arizona, according to state law, terminated its ethnic studies program in Tucson because of the claim that classes designed to teach about a particular ethnic group “promote resentment toward a race or class of people.” Faced with losing $14 million dollars in state funds, the city’s schools are even removing books on the basis of their ethnicity, literally taking them out of the hands of students. Even William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest has been taken from the classrooms. Teachers have been told to avoid any curriculum in which “race, ethnicity and oppression are central themes.”

Another banned book in Tucson is Occupied America: A History of Chicanos, which was described as unbiased and factual by an independent audit of Tucson’s ethnic studies program commissioned by Arizona Supt. of Public Instruction John Huppenthal. He declared the Tucson program in violation of state law, and the board chose not to contest his decision in court.

In Tucson’s school district, founded by a Mexican-American, more than 60 percent of the students come from Mexican-American backgrounds. The administration has removed every textbook dealing with Mexican-American history, including Chicano!: The History of the Mexican Civil Rights Movement by Arturo Rosales, featuring a biography of longtime Tucson educator Salomon Baldenegro.

An audit of students by David Scott, the school district’s director of accountability and research, found that students enrolled in the Mexican American Studies program did better than their peers. He wrote, “Juniors taking a Mexican American Studies course are more likely than their peers to pass the [state’s standardized] reading and writing … test if they had previously failed those tests in their sophomore year…. Seniors taking a Mexican American Studies course are more likely to persist to graduation than their peers.”

These narratives are only the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate the worsening state of affairs in this country. As the conservatives gain more power, they increase their bullying because they consider themselves the elite. To quote Joseph Welch who brought down Sen. Joe McCarthy during the 1950s witch hunt, “Have you no sense of decency?”

We’ll have to wait until at least one person in the nation is brave enough to ask the conservatives the same thing: “Have you no sense of decency?” WWKD: What would King do?

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Game Info

Apples to Apples
4 - 10 players
average 30 minutes
Published in
View on View on
Card Game Humor Party Game
Hand Management Simultaneous Action Selection

The party game Apples to Apples consists of two decks of cards: Things and Descriptions. Each round, the active player draws a Description card (which features an adjective like "Hairy" or "Smarmy") from the deck, then the other players each secretly choose the Thing card in hand that best matches that description and plays it face-down on the table. The active player then reveals these cards and chooses the Thing card that, in his opinion, best matches the Description card, which he awards to whoever played that Thing card. This player becomes the new active player for the next round. Once a player has won a pre-determined number of Description cards, that player wins. Note: "Party Box" editions include all cards from Apples to Apples: Expansion Set #1 and Apples to Apples: Expansion Set #2

Statistics For All Gaming Groups

Total Games Played on NemeStats: 81
Total Gaming Groups With This Game 22
Average Players Per Game 5.7

Top 5 Champions Globally

Name Group Wins Plays Win %
austinhaws austinhaws's Gaming Group 11 40 27 %
Sarah Little Spike Games 3 5 60 %
Kolya Erokhin Cochran Friends 2 2 100 %
Laurie Parry's Gaming Group 2 4 50 %
Vacabck JC Gamers 2 4 50 %

Last 5 Played Games Globally


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Star Posterior Gait Trainer

The Wenzelite Star Posterior gait trainer is designed to assist individuals who do not have the functional gait skills or postural control to safely and independently use a standard walker. They support an upright body posture and natural gait pattern while encouraging early cognitive and learning development. They also provide cardiopulmonary strengthening and conditioning, reduce flexion contractures, increase special awareness and head control all while teaching the user to take steps.

  • Ankle Prompts – prevents legs from scissoring
  • One-Directional Rear Wheels – allows only forward mobility
  • Pelvic Stabilizer – supports and stabilizes the pelvis
  • Positioning Bar – provides adjustable depth
  • Seat Harness – supports patients who cannot stand completely on their own
  • Swivel Wheel Locking Bracket – provides option to lock swivel wheels
  • Variable Resistance Tabs – controls the speed of the gait trainer and aligns an asymmetrical gait pattern
  • Vertical handgrips – provides alternate handgrip position


text:
ESPN Premier League Fantasy 2010/11 Multi-lingual fantasy manager

ESPN Soccernet is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting and producing sports-related programming 24 hours a day. For the 2010 season the company again ordered several manager games at once from Neopoly, amon them this game on the English Premier League.

In close cooperation with ESPN a new platform was developed which contains many exciting new features, among them statistical details, new visual appearance and fluctuating transfer values of football players. Users can assemble their squad per one-click random pick, if desired.

The game platform is rounded off by informative content like match fixtures and gameweek countdowns. Every version of the game is offered in two languages, English and Spanish.

Fantasy Manager
Jul 2010
ESPN Soccernet
Project link


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Nerd OutCast Podcast

Nerds gather to discuss Nerd Topics

NOP Presents Animal Crossing

Posted on April 1st, 2020

In this time of pandemic, we take a break and fly away to a relaxing discussion about all things Animal Crossing. Joining me for this discussion are Christian Missonak and Justin Harner. I serve double duty as both Host and Outcast since I've never played this series before. We chat about Animal Crossing's humble beginnings, and compare it to other "Living Life" games like the Sims, Harvest Moon, and Rune Factory. Which game in the series is the best? What was so special about the 3DS entry, New Leaf? If someone hasn't every play Animal Crossing before...where should they start? And finally...what expectations do we have about New Horizons?  We chat all this and more on this mini-vacation of an join us on an island far...far away!

Music Selections from Animal Crossing and Animal Crossings: New Horizons, composed by Kazumi Tokata and Yasuaki Iwata, owned by Nintendo and is included under fair use protection.

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Just Cause 3 (video game review)

Get your wingsuit, grappling hook and parachutes ready, boys and girls. Rico Rodriguez, our grizzled veteran and expert of destruction, style and rebellion, is back in his most stunt-filled story yet. Just Cause 3 is by far the most ambitious game of the franchise. Boasting 400 sq ft of land and sea, there are tons of room to play in this explosive playground. While the island of Medici doesn’t have much more square feet than the previous game worlds, they have added more verticality with its mountains as well as underwater caverns to explore. The world is based off islands in the real world Mediterranean and has been constructed from 5 biomes that serve as beautiful backdrops while you blow up the current dictator’s regime.

Just Cause 3 at its heart and core is a third-person open-world action/adventure game that rewards the creativity of its players for their destruction. Right off the bat, you start with your trademarked parachute and grapple hook. Shortly after you are given the all important wingsuit which for me was my favorite form of transportation. The team at Avalanche Studio did an admirable job of listening to its fans; the hard work and passion of the modders in Just Cause 2 on PC paid off. The team implemented many of the most popular mods in the form of upgrades for Rico’s arsenal such as being able to tether up to 6 targets together, nitrous for every vehicle, and unlimited C4 for all your destructive needs. Unfortunately the biggest mod of all, multiplayer, didn’t make the list this time around. Instead we get asynchronous multiplayer that allows you to challenge others ghosts on challenges, and leaderboards for feats and stunts. They have also added tons of hardware in the form of vehicles that you can call in via a supply drop including any weapons and vehicles you have unlocked including tanks, planes, and even boats. Said hardware is unlocked by completing missions, capturing settlements or dropping one off at an unlocked garage, so it is very beneficial to reclaim as many territories for the resistance as possible.

The story is orchestrated well with great pacing for its 25+ mission duration. With all the side missions, it is sure to keep you busy for a minimum of 20 hours. The missions in the campaign will mostly fall into three categories: escort missions, defending objectives, and destroying or conquering bases to increase the resistance’s strength. The writing is done well and often contains comedic moments to keep the player interested. The story is often predictable which results in making you feel like there isn’t any outcome besides you winning the war. Those who find joy in explosive sandboxes will sink much more time into the side missions as well as setting up epic stunts like connecting cars to helicopters or jets and then using them as props as they attempt to be as badass as possible.

In theory, a game this big with this much content is magnificent, considering it does not have any transitional load screens minus the very minimal 10-15 seconds when starting a mission. However, anytime you need to restart due to a death, failed mission or not getting the top score in a challenge, it will force you to endure load times of up to 90 seconds sometimes. While this may not seem that bad at first, in the grand scheme of things there are over 127 challenges. Even if it only were to take you 1 retry per challenge, that is over an extra 2 hours of pure load times. It has been noted that the PC version of the game has substantially lower load times compared to the Xbox One and PS4 versions of the game. Honestly even that is such a minor issue that it doesn’t hurt the overall experience too much. The only real down points are the hardware limitations; at times there were noticeable framerate drops and some very awkwardly placed cutscenes that would have been more effective if placed at different points of the missions.

For me, that is honestly where the negatives end and the positives begin. The island is massive with tons of missions, challenges and unlockables. Traveling around the island is fast and fun. Shortly into the game you also unlock the ability fast travel to discovered bases and settlements. Rico also has an unlimited source of C4 that he can be creative with to make as much mayhem as possible. The amount of weapons to use increases as you liberate bases, and as long as you have flares you can also airdrop in ammo and weapons; however, each one comes with a cooldown to prevent abusing the system and only using one weapon throughout the game. For those that have fallen in love with specific weapons, they can unlock lower cooldowns via challenges as well as find weapon lockers at most settlements and bases to refill their ammo for their current arsenal.

Final Reaction

Overall Just Cause 3 is just great. It’s definitely not perfect, but it’s admirable for what they set out to do, like having a massive island full of life and beauty to explore. The team at Avalanche Studios has given players the tools to create amazing stunts and feats all while being as stylish as possible while doing it. The amount of weapons you gain access to throughout the game along with the various mods (upgrades) will have the enemies bending to your will. Since the game uses a matching AI system, that means the more hardware you bring in, the more they will bring as well. As the saying goes, fight fire with fire. The playground created for Just Cause 3 is by far one of the best ones out on the market right now and fans of sandbox games owe it to themselves to go pick it up.

Rating: 4/5 Atoms

NR 4 Atoms - B

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Zoom Lily and Laura Pumpkin Patch Bracelet

Pumpkin Patch Bracelet

$ 12.00
Size Guide

Hurry, Only 3 Left!

  • one size fits most
  • high quality glass beaded bracelet that rolls over wrist
  • bracelets are handmade so color and pattern may vary slightly

LILY and LAURA Bracelets roll over the hand to fit any wrist. Because the bracelets are hand crocheted, each one is unique! They can vary slightly in size based upon how tight the crochet, as well as the pattern.

Help! My bracelet is too small. How do I size it?

It is easy to stretch your bracelet to a comfortable size! Use an upside down tapered plastic tumbler or cup to stretch your bracelet. Slowly roll the bracelet down to achieve the desired size. The bracelet can stretch because it’s crocheted from a long cotton thread. If you want to shrink the bracelet back to its original size, immerse it in cool water and set to dry.

About the Brand:

LILY and LAURA beaded bracelets are hand crocheted by women artists in Nepal. They receive way above fair trade wages greatly enhancing their quality of life.  Made with Matsuno glass beads, the finest in the world, and durable cotton thread,  LILY and LAURA bracelets fit over any hand. For every season and every outfit, there is a stack of complimenting LILY and LAURA bracelets.

To keep your jewelry looking beautiful, store it in a cloth bag or jewelry box. We encourage our customers to avoid excessive contact with water, lotions, perfumes & chemicals that will deteriorate the quality of the metal and semi-precious stones. It is also best to remove jewelry before sleeping, working out, and physical activity. Please note, tarnishing will accelerate when the above recommendations are not followed. We recommend you clean your pieces with a soft dry jewelry cloth.

Pumpkin Patch Bracelet

$ 12.00

Shipping Information

Fast shipping

Most orders are shipped within 1-3 business days. United States orders take 2-3 business days for delivery when using USPS Priority Mail. Between processing and shipping, you can expect to receive your order in less than a week. However, in most cases, you will receive it in 2-4 business days.

*International orders take 5-10 days for delivery once processed and shipped.

Order tracking

Check your email upon ordering for email updates about tracking your order.

Get in touch

You can email us at or call us at 570-759-9675

Add a review

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Does Shower Curtain Need Liner

Does Shower Curtain need liner? Read Before Buying A Liner

Small things always make a huge difference. Thereby, the smallest room in a house is the bathroom. Likewise, in a shower curtain, the smallest part is the liner. As we know, a  shower curtain liner helps in preventing mildew and watering.

So if you have a non-water-resistant curtain, you’ll need a liner for protection. You can even use it for your sole shower curtain. We have looked into this and have found out some importance. Keep reading!

Shower curtain liners provide flexibility and strength

Shower Curtain Liners Provide Flexibility And Strength

A shower curtain with a liner is a great addition for many aspects. They are washable, and materials are inexpensive and disposable. A curtain liner extends the shelf life of a shower curtain. And also reduces water jetty outside of your shower. This extra protection is pleasing and very effective as well.

How do i choose a shower curtain liner?

We know a shower liner is a sheet that goes inside the bathtub. And it prevents shower water from getting onto the floor. It also guards the shower curtain and stops mildew from growing. So choosing a shower curtain liner should be in your touch. Here is some researched knowledge that may help you.

  1. Use an extra wide curtain if needed.
  2. Try to use cotton.
  3. Try vinyl for a cheap, low-care option.
  4. Try to get the organic option.
  5. Emphasis on microfiber curtains.
  6. Select the best liner material.

Give your shower a fresh look with a liner

Some homeowners feel that having a shower while taking a bath loses the luxurious look of their bathroom. However, you do not need to install a large soaking tub or a separate shower to upgrade your bathroom. Here are some ways for giving your shower looking good.

  • Replace Mirror.
  • Cleaning grouts.
  • Repaint current grout.
  • Add Towels.
  • Attach a Wee Shelf.
  • Design the entire wall.

Including the above, here are some extra for more details.

Give the Window Some TLC:

Maximum shower-tub combos have a window remains above. Some have more.  It is very common for the windows above tubs that soap scum glued up and water spot to the glass. So, you can brighten up by cleaning or scrubbing.

Note: If you feel that windows are extremely dull and dirty, do replace them.

Address Structural Issues:

Do you keep cleanser bottles in the corner or on your window shelf? If you found yes, then cover up all those. Bring a shower organizer. If you are not interested in shower organizers, you can install a corner shelve. Even installing towel racks is also useful storage for looking fresh.

Put in a New Tub and Shower Surround:

If you’re using a liner, you can install a new tub liner and shower surround within a day. And suddenly you will see your bathroom with a new look. But, tubs and showers get dingy, even you clean them daily, replacing them with your extra efforts.

What types of shower curtain liners are available?

Sometimes it is better to say; shower curtains are incomplete without a liner. Liners can use alone or with a shower curtain to retain excess water from walls and floors.

Besides, you need to know what type of shower curtain liner is best for your home? Here is the recommended list of shower curtain liners.

Fabric Shower Liner:

A fabric liner is a trendy style, and the patterns are made from vinyl, polyester, cotton, or linen. There are plenty of benefits to installing a fabric liner. When it is time to clean your liner, you can easily give it to the laundry and evade severe cleaning agents.

Fabric Shower Liner
Neutral Shower Curtain Liner

Interior Design: Readers Favorites

  • Non- polluting.
  • Materials are free from VOC and PVC.
  • Plenty of options with lucrative colors.
  • Cons
  • Need regular wash.
  • Plastic Shower Liners:

    A plastic shower liner is full of convenience and versatility, and even it is changeable.  On the other hand, this plastic shower curtain doesn’t contain VOC’s as well.

    Plastic Shower Liners
    Durable Plastic Liner
  • Easy cleaning.
  • Inexpensive.
  • Handsome looking.
  • Cons
  • Prone to tears.
  • Magnets Based Shower Liners:

    When you have a magnet shower liner, the magnets will keep the liner in place and weight. Usually, pools of water collecting on the floor and preventing slip and fall accidents.

    Magnets Based Shower Liners
    Eco-Friendly Curtain Liner With Magnets
  • Retains the liner in place better.
  • Reduces excess water escaping tub.
  • Cons
  • Occurs unforeseen problems for magnates.
  • Mildew Resistant Shower Liners:

    Washing a shower curtain liner is a good practice, especially if mildew buildup is a problem. So, you can reduce the need to wash your shower liner if the mildew-resistant shower liner is there.

    Mildew Resistant Shower Liners
    Classy Shower Curtain Liner
  • Reduces mildew and particulates.
  • Easy cleaning.
  • Cons
  • Materials may contain VOCs or strange odors.
  • Heavy Duty Shower Liners:

    A heavy-duty shower curtain liner provides multiple benefits, like resistance to bacteria and mildew; the weight keeps it in place when showering, and many.

    Heavy Duty Shower Liners
    Premium Heavy-Duty Curtain Liner
  • Not sticking to your body when showering.
  • Resistance of bacteria and mildew.
  • Not blowing around in showering.
  • Cons
  • It may have a chemical odor.
  • PVC Free Shower Liners:

    Shower liners that are PVC-free don’t emit toxic compounds when showering. Even it resists water, mildew, mold and looks beautiful. A PVC-free shower liner will reduce your contact with potentially harmful chemicals.

    PVC Free Shower Liners
    Ornate Shower Curtain Liner That Is PVC-Free
  • No health concerning issue released when showering.
  • Soft.
  • Less mildew buildup.
  • Cons
  • May emit an odor
  • Extra Long Shower Liners:

    Most shower curtain liner’s length is 70 to 72 inches, but you will want an extra-long liner when your curtain rod is set high. However, you can manage fabric or plastic measuring 96 inches in length.

    Extra Long Shower Liners
    Frosted Extra Long Liner
  • Exceptional looking.
  • Fit for higher shower curtain rods.
  • Gives additional exposure to moving water out.
  • Cons
  • The liner may grind on the floor.
  • Extra Wide Shower Liners:

    It is an old-school bathtub shower combo with an extended curved shower. It curtains rod or a shower that needs a lot of coverage.

    Extra Wide Shower Liners
    Wide Shower Curtain Liner
  • Enable specific gap.
  • Gorgeous Looking.
  • Various colors, styles, and fabrics.
  • Cons
  • Not suitable for a low set shower curtain rod
  • Waffle Shower Liners:

    A waffle shower liner will feel you a spa-like shower experience. This shower-liner provides visual appeal and reduces water from the fugitive.

    Waffle Shower Liners
    Hotel-Style Waffle Shower Liner
  • Reduce water from escaping the shower.
  • Elegant looking.
  • Machine washable.
  • Cons
  • Limited customer.
  • Do you need a shower liner with a polyester shower curtain?

    Do You Need A Shower Liner With A Polyester Shower Curtain

    Generally, you don’t need to buy a shower liner if you have a polyester shower curtain. It depends on the quality of the polyester shower curtain and the combination of the shower curtain. Because a shower curtain with 100% polyester offers the best performance, and you don’t miss having a shower liner. But, if you feel that water is coming outside the curtain, fix a liner immediately.

    Which side of the shower curtain liner faces out?

    When you look at your shower curtain liner, you will see one side has a more kind look than the other. The textured side runs the risk of letting soap scum adhere but prevents water. The smoother side of a liner, especially a fabrics liner, reduces the amount of water that stays overdue after every shower. Note: a moist environment inspires the growth of mildew and mold via spores.

    How often should you change your shower curtain liner?

    Yes, a dirty shower curtain liner endangers the skin, eyes, and throat. But you don’t have to change or replace curtain liner until glaring tears or mildew or mold appears. So, as long as your shower curtain liner is good going, nothing is necessary there. However, the shelf-life of a liner heavily depends on the material’s strength and performance. That is why low-priced shower curtains are always a wastage. Relatively, expensive one can last up to a year with regular washings.

    How often should i clean my shower curtain liner?

    The normal thing is, if you observe streaks, dots, marks, or scum buildup, you need to wash your shower curtain liner. Suppose you have less time; you may call for a cleaner and repel mildew, mold, bacteria, and water buildup. Because keep your skin well and especially shower looking’s best,  do care at least once a week.

    What should i use to clean my shower curtain liner?

    If you are worried about cleaning, then you have many solutions. But be careful about harmful chemicals. So, you can spray bleaching powder with water, baking soda, and white vinegar, or even skin-friendly dish soap as well. Here it is more details.

    1. Open rings, then lob the curtain along with the liner in the washing machine. Give some towels that will provide scrubbing for better cleaning.
    2. Then, give some detergent and ½ to 1 cup of baking soda on it.
    3. Wash in warm or hot water at the peak level.
    4. Add ½ to 1 cup of distilled white vinegar to the rinse cycle.
    5. Let fabric curtains run through the spin cycle. And then hang to dry. Note: No need to use a dryer. If you have a plastic curtain, hang it in the bathroom right after it rinses.
    6. For removing further heavy mildew from a white, colored, or clear shower curtain, use OxiClean, Clorox 2, or even bleach.

    Every shower curtain is washable. And for your safety and hygiene, you need to be smart with your decision. Using vinegar is also used for cleaning shower curtain liner.

    Spoil your shower with a shower curtain liner

    Many shower curtains are attractive, waterproof, and do well without a liner. But, added a liner is an improvement for curtains. Additionally, shower curtain liners are inexpensive and reduce excess moisture in the bathroom. Even it prevents unwanted bacteria, mold, and mildew growth. That is huge. Right? But at the same time, a shower curtain demands some care, like wiped down once in 7 days.

    So, choosing a quality shower curtain liner will give you a boost to your bathroom. Moreover, it brings satisfaction and increases the performance of your shower curtain.

    How do i keep my shower curtain liner from mildewing?

    A shower curtain liner is made from a quick-drying substantial. So if you think of a liner that is sterile, waterproof, and even mildew-resistant, surely, that is a good idea, but still, a scrub is needed. Choosing a sponge, wipe down your liner with a bleach solution or an appropriate cleaner once a week. After a shower, increase the airing in your bathroom to help your liner speed the freshening process.

    What kind of shower curtain does not need a liner?

    There is a burning question about liner, “Do I need a liner for my cloth shower curtain?” The biggest answer is, No! Tightly woven or even medium-weighted shower curtains like Cotton  Canvas & Nylon Canvas can do the trick. Revealed!

    By the way, these are the alternatives to vinyl and plastic shower curtains. Besides this, the auto mechanism watered downwards through the fabric into the tub. The solid fabrics help the water stop and spraying outside of the shower using a liner.

    Do shower curtains go inside or outside the tub?

    Do Shower Curtains Go Inside Or Outside The Tub

    Tubs and showers are lives with moisture. Leakage of water from a bathtub or shower can cause various problems like mildew, structural damage, and so more. The shower curtain liner is resistant to moisture leakage.

    However, a shower curtain liner can do a great job keeping water where is necessary. All the time, it ensures the liner is inside of the tub basin, even though the curtain is outside. If water splashes, it adjusts the height of the curtain rod. Even in an emergency, it ensures the curtain liner is long and wide enough when it spans the entire area.

    Do shower curtains come with rings?

    Do Shower Curtains Come With Rings

    Usually, shower curtain tops have some buttonholes for fixing curtain rings. However, some curtains do not need any rings or hooks. It depends on your choice and intention. Cause curtains are great for designing, and rings are for stability. To get better, low maintenance, and easy to assemble, the decision should be yours.

    Shower curtain liner installation?

    1. Place the shower curtain where you have space.
    2. Now place the shower curtain liner on top of the shower curtain.
    3. Then use shower curtain rings.
    4. Now install it to the shower rod placing the rings one by one.
    5. Adjust it properly and placing the curtain liner inside the bathtub and the shower curtain outside.

    You can easily find the best products according to consumer reviews and ratings. Our AI technology finds the best product and describes it according to customer reviews and ratings. Not all information on this blog is 100 percent accurate.


text:
Białystok / Lublin

Java Developer

As a Junior Java Developer you will be responsible for:

  • creating clean, testable and maintainable code with help and under the guidance of more experienced developers,
  • working with other developers and team members to deliver new features to our customers,
  • documenting your work.

We expect from you:

  • at least half a year of experience with Java 8 or newer,
  • basic knowledge of object oriented programming, its design patterns and principles,
  • good communication and interpersonal skills allowing you to work comfortably with your colleagues,
  • good English skills, written and spoken (at least B1).

Nice to have:

  • basic knowledge of relational databases,
  • experience with version-control systems (e.g. Git),
  • experience with Spring and Spring Boot,
  • experience with tools like IntelliJ IDEA, Maven, Docker.

Our Perks

Fruit Thursdays? Sweet Fridays? We’re not fond of labelling; let’s just say we eat fruit, pizza and cake when we feel like it

Flexible Employment Types
Flexible employment types
Elastic Work Hours
Elastic working hours
Development Budget
AN INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEE development budget
Onboarding Programme
onboarding programme
Company Events
NUMEROUS company Events
Free Parking
a COMFY office
with free parking
for cars and bicycles alike!
Table Football And Darts
table football and darts
FitProfit Card
A FitProfit card
No Dress Code
No dress code
Ready to join us?
Thank you for sending us your CV. We will contact you in the coming days.
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Quicksand 3[credit]

Ice: Barrier
Strength: 0
Influence: ○○○○○

When the Runner encounters Quicksand, place 1 power counter on Quicksand.

Quicksand has +1 strength for each power counter on it.

subroutine End the run.

Illustrated by Dmitry Prosvirnin
Decklists with this card

Chrome City (cc)

#60 • English
Startup Card Pool
Standard Card Pool
Standard Ban List (show history)
Chrome City

No rulings yet for this card.

If the runner encounter it 3 times or less, Wall of Static is a better choice. So, obviously, you'll want this one where the runner will run (very) often.

It can be viable protecting archive against any deck with Datasucker or on centrals in Jinteki: Replicating Perfection, but not on periphery since the runner will just bounce on the ERT routine (after Pup or Komainu maybe?)

Personally, I use it in Jinteki: Replicating Perfection to protect my economy assets (Sundew, Mental Health Clinic, PAD Campaign and Melange Mining Corp.). Every time the runner runs it to trash my Sundew (and you know he will) it's become more and more expansive.

(Chrome City era)
If we assume that the runner has a 0 strength ice beaker that pumps and breaks for 1 each then it's actually 5 runs to break even with [Wall of Static](/en/card/01113). The stronger the base strength of the runner's breaker the better [Wall of Static](/en/card/01113) gets by comparison (because [Quicksand](/en/card/08060) will eventually get stronger assuming enough encounters. —
Gah, comments don't get markdown syntax. Here's the plain text version: If we assume that the runner has a 0 strength ice beaker that pumps and breaks for 1 credit each then it's actually 5 runs to break even with Wall of Static. The stronger the base strength of the runner's breaker the better Wall of Static gets by comparison (because Quicksand will eventually get stronger assuming enough encounters. —
what 0 strength fracter is there besides maybe Sage (which can't boost itself)? —
I don't think there's a strength 0 fractor besides Sage, but there are plenty of AI breakers that start at 0 or 1 (Darwin, Crypsis...a misplayed Atman...). Interstingly, Wyrm would be effective against this the first time you run it! —
It could be also a nice card synergizing with cards that incentivize running, such as (also neutral) Subliminal Messaging. —
Might not be bad as a single Archives ICE, I guess? If you're concerned about Runners farming Datasucker tokens this puts a limit on that behaviour at relatively low cost. —
I also use it as central protection in Replicating Perfection and I think it has an additional psychological benefit because the runner may forego early accesses in order to keep its strength low for 'future' accesses later in the game - but there is no guarantee for the runner this kind of avoidance strategy will pay off. I would also like to point out that the strength is not zero on the first encounter but 1, since it will get one counter, zero strength is only relevant to instand parasite plays or if the runner is using hunting grounds. Against some multi-pump fracters, AI or pseudo-AI breakers (i.e. Pancha-bread) it will take a long time (possibly not during your game) to out-perform a Wall of Static so that is a downside worth considering. I'm not sure using it to protect medium/low value 'permanent' assets like PAD campaign or Mental Health Clinic is a worthwhile use of ICE in a horizontal deck, if you ice and rez Quicksand on a PAD Campaign the runner might just ignore it in favour of hitting more valuable remotes and then you will have invested $5 and 2 clicks to 'set up' a pad campaign. —

So the key thing you need to ask yourself when you are deciding whether this is the ice for your deck is "how many times do I expect the runner to break this?" and "Where would I install this?".

After being broken 5 times, Quicksand costs 1 credit more than Wall of Static would have, at 11 to 10

After being broken 9 times, Quicksand costs 1 credit more than Eli 1.0 would have, at 37 to 36

(The costs above were determined for breaking with Corroder)

Of course, where this should be installed is also an interesting question, the most obvious answer is R&D if you tend to lose due to R&D Lock, or to a lesser extent R&D Digging, but it may also be good installed elsewhere, for example, against Gabe it may be a very good idea to plant one of these on HQ, and archives to make his Sneakdoor Shenanigans less effective.

The other thing is that if you can somehow cause the runner to encounter Quicksand more than once per run (Cough Mumbad Cough) then Quicksand could become very taxing very quickly, Assuming it doesn't get Parasited or Knifed immediately of course, and Quetzal just laughs in it's face.

(Data and Destiny era)
I'm not sure that the economic comparison with Eli 1.0 is entirely fair. After all Eli 1.0 is somewhat porous and can be clicked through, whereas Quicksand requires a breaker. This makes a big difference if you are using it to protect a central and they play a run event like Account Siphon, Vamp or Maker's Eye - it even matters if you are installing an agenda behind it in a remote —
I'm not claiming that the comparison to Eli 1.0 is entirely fair, I was fully aware of that, but felt it was a valuable comparison to make anyway. —

I always love to see power counter cards, because I feel like we need a few more to make the strategy viable. This card may have a place when paired with Helium-3 Deposit, IT Department, and Data Raven. You could also include Snoop or Viktor 2.0, but it's probably not a good idea to put too many eggs into the power counter basket just yet.

(Chrome City era)
It's a neutral card with no influence cost. It's in-faction for everyone, silly. —
Bwahahah you're correct! Apparently my brain flags anything with a greenish tint as "Weyland". Womp womp. I'm still a fan of more power counter synergy, though! —
I thought this would be a great R&D protection. It costs more every time you go through it! But it usually gets Parasited as soon as it is rezzed. —
I don't think I'd mind having this Parasited. It's just an ETR piece of ice, and that means there's one less Parasite for the damaging stuff :) —


text:
Local Address Table (LAT)

Definition of Local Address Table in the Network Encyclopedia.

What is the Local Address Table?

Local Address Table was a component of Microsoft Proxy Server created during the setup process that contains information about your company’s private network. The Local Address Table (LAT) is a text file that specifies the ranges of IP addresses that are used in your private (local) network. IP addresses that are external to your private network are excluded from the LAT.

Local Address Table

The LAT is used by Proxy Server clients to determine whether they should attempt to contact a host directly or make a proxy request through Proxy Server.

How it works

The LAT consists of a series of IP address pairs that define either a range of IP addresses or a single IP address. Addresses can be added to the LAT either automatically from the Microsoft Windows NT internal routing tables (which occurs when Proxy Server is first set up) or manually, by entering IP address pairs.

The LAT is contained in a file named msplat.txt and is stored with a client setup program on the proxy server in C:\Mspclnt. This directory is automatically shared; clients can connect to this share to run the client setup program, which configures the client computer to function as a client of the Winsock Proxy (WSP) service. The client setup program attempts to configure the client computer’s Web browser as a client of the Web Proxy service. The client setup program also copies the LAT file to the client. Proxy Server is responsible for ensuring that the client always has the most current version of the LAT.

The LAT is used each time a Windows Sockets application on the client tries to establish a connection to an IP address to determine whether the IP address is on the private network or on an external network. Connections to internal networks are made directly, while connections to remote addresses use the WSP service on Proxy Server.

During Proxy Server setup, the LAT is automatically generated from the internal Windows NT routing tables, but these generated addresses might not completely define your private network. You should, therefore, review the generated list of IP addresses and add any needed IP address pairs until all addresses of your internal network are defined. You should also remove any IP address pairs that define external addresses.

Articles posted after being checked by editors.

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Talent management tools
& HR analytics

The difference a talent management platform can make

Expectations of workforces are changing as a result of seismic shifts in working patterns. A recent global study revealed that around 40% of workers plan to leave their current employer within the year.

Losing talent, as well as each poor hire, can end up costing a company thousands of dollars. It can also have a long term impact on an organisation in terms of succession planning and knowledge drain. But leading companies are increasingly making use of talent analytics and digital talent management tools to develop focused talent strategies to help mitigate that talent loss and build overall talent potential.

The difference the right talent management solution makes is that leaders and HR decision-makers can make better, proactive decisions with talent analytics. With insights into their talent pool, they can assess overall organisational strengths and challenges, develop effective employee engagement and retention strategies, hire better and faster, build stronger teams, identify future leaders, and ultimately, become employers of choice.

Make better data-driven HR decisions

Make better data-driven HR decisions

Recruitment & hiring
Downsizing & restructuring
Career development planning
Promoting wellness & motivation
Talent retention
Team building
Succession planning
Leadership selection
Creating effective project teams

“Both our owner and CEO of the company sees Catalyst like a crystal ball. It helps them understand the people that they work with or are going to recruit, therefore allowing them to align the right job or task to the right people within the organization.”

Director of Operations,
Silverlake Innovation Partners Sdn. Bhd.

What is Catalyst?

EPITOME Catalyst is a HR toolkit of career profiling questionnaires and interactive talent analytics dashboards that help you understand what is happening with the talent in your organisation.

EPITOME Catalyst is a HR toolkit of career profiling questionnaires and interactive talent analytics dashboards that help you understand what is happening with the talent in your organisation.

Gauge motivation

The Catalyst Engage dashboard gives both global and granular at-a-glance insight into the motivation levels and factors for your employees. Drill down to assess exactly where and how motivation is impacting your organisation the most. The Catalyst Values Profiling uses multi-faceted criteria based on established academic research into organisational health.

[ Click to view larger image ]
Catalyst recruit dashboard

Find your top candidates

The Catalyst Recruit dashboard enables you to compare your top candidates for a job role using Catalyst Career Profiling data. Look beyond CVs and qualifications to find the right person for your most critical roles. Catalyst Recruit even allows you to see how aligned a candidate is to multiple roles.

Watch a short demo

Catalyst recruit dashboard

See what drives performance

The degree of match between the work environment and employees’ underlying motivations and values is a major factor driving company performance. The Catalyst Engage dashboard indicates areas of strength as well as areas of possible weakness for your entire organisation.

Group dynamics dashboard illustration

Build effective teams

Sometimes the ‘chemistry’ behind your top performing teams goes beyond technical skills and functional roles. The Catalyst Engage dashboard helps you decide which combination of people will work best for a given team or a specific project, based on their mindset, established through Catalyst Profiling data. For executive leaders, Engage provides a breakdown of how balanced your entire organisation is.

Group dynamics dashboard illustration

Help people grow

Catalyst Profiling has its roots in established career theories and organisational psychology. The Catalyst Profiling tools provide each candidate with invaluable feedback on their career alignment and motivations. Through better understanding themselves, employees will be more likely to pursue focused career paths, and see exactly how they contribute to their teams and company.

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350,000 candidates worldwide have already optimised their career plans and improved their employability using professional career services powered by Catalyst.

Use Catalyst to power your career development or career counselling services. Get Certified Specialist Career Coaching dashboards with our Catalyst Professional Certification Programme for your coaching or HR professionals. Used by leading career services and government agencies.

Want to learn more about Catalyst?

Want to learn more about Catalyst?

“Discovering Catalyst for the first time was akin to opening a box of chocolates: everyone has their quirks and specialty. Just like we can’t judge a chocolate by its looks as there are various layers which make it unique, Catalyst helps us to understand and empathize with others as well as allowing the individuals to reach their true potential.”

Career Consultant,
Professional Leading Career Sdn. Bhd.

Watch Anette Jonson, Organisational Scientist at EPITOME, give a tour of the Catalyst Engage dashboard, showcasing how Catalyst offers deep insights into a company's workforce.

The Catalyst Profiling toolkit

The Catalyst Profiling toolkit

The Catalyst Profiling toolkit is based on decades of research into how personality and career interests lead people into fulfilling, productive and meaningful career paths. The EPITOME Research team is composed of organisational scientists, statisticians and academic researchers who help us create psychometric and competency-based assessments for the modern workforce.

The Catalyst Profiling toolkit is based on decades of research into how personality and career interests lead people into fulfilling, productive and meaningful career paths. The EPITOME Research team is composed of organisational scientists, statisticians and academic researchers who help us create psychometric and competency-based assessments for the modern workforce.

Catalyst Interest Profile

The Catalyst Interest Profile focuses on areas of interest, motivation and work task preference. It maps an individual’s vocational interest and can match them to career pathways.

Catalyst Preference Profile

The Catalyst Preference Profile provides information about an individual’s strengths, personality-based motivations, challenges and stress factors. It maps an individual’s preferred work environment in which they are most likely to thrive.

Catalyst Values Profile

The Catalyst Values Profile helps the individual to reflect on what is important for them, both at work and in a personal setting. It maps an individual’s work values and identifies what they need to focus on to be more resilient and to better handle stress.

How the profiling assessment works

Candidates complete the career discovery assessment online using a link sent to their email address. The assessment takes about 30 minutes. After completing their assessment, their Catalyst Profile is collated with the rest of their team and compiled into the interactive dashboards, Catalyst Engage or Catalyst Recruit (for hiring managers). Optionally, candidates can receive a personalised report in PDF format.

Download a sample candidate report

“If I had known Catalyst 30 years back, I would have gained a lot more mileage from my years in leading team members and working with extended teams.”

General Manager,
Professional Leading Career Sdn. Bhd.

Research Leadership Team

What makes the Catalyst Profiling tool unique?

A lot of profiling tools in the market today promise to measure a large variety of constructs and factors. To ensure high validity the Catalyst profiling tool is built of three individual psychometric tool that measure three different constructs: (i) Vocational interest, (ii) Work preference and (ii) Work & Life values. Then it combines the results of these three profiles to create an clearer picture of a person, providing a holistic view of the individual to build a solid career narrative that accurately depicts their overall congruence within their chosen field.

Do I need training to use Catalyst?

No, you don’t. Catalyst dashboards are easy to use and supported by online user guides that explain what each dashboard shows and what it could mean for your organisation.

If you want to get more out Catalyst and get access to detailed breakdowns of individual profiling results for in-depth career counselling or coaching, we offer Catalyst Professional Certification training and specialist Catalyst dashboards as part of our Catalyst Pro package for HR professionals. Contact for more information about Catalyst Pro.

Do I need to install software to use Catalyst?

No. Catalyst uses cloud-based services. All you need is your login credentials to begin using Catalyst.

Is Catalyst expensive?

No, it isn’t. We make Catalyst affordable so that even small to medium sized organisations can manage their talent. Contact our sales team ( for pricing details for your country or region.

What's the setup process to get started with Catalyst?

Once you have made your payment for your license package, submit your initial batch of users our support team will guide you through the rest of the set up. It’s that easy.

Is Catalyst available in my country?

Catalyst is available globally. We currently accept payments by credit card in Singapore dollars, Malaysian ringgit and US dollars. Speak to our sales team ( if you would like to know more.

Can I add more users to my package later?

Yes, you can. You can update your package at any time to add more users.

Can I use Catalyst for my career coaching program?

Absolutely. EPITOME offers a full training program and certification for career guidance specialists and career counsellors. Speak to our sales team ( for more information about the Catalyst Professional Certification program and in-depth specialist dashboards for career services.

What kinds of candidate questionnaires are available in Catalyst?

The core questionnaires in Catalyst provide a detailed picture of each candidate’s career preference and motivational factors. We also have a modular library of optional assessments covering employability, entrepreneurship, and skills and competency assessments. Talk to our sales teams ( to find out the latest offerings.

How do I pay for Catalyst?

We accept payment by credit cards using our secure online payment portal. Packages include licenses for the number of users plus a one-time dashboard set up fee. Talk to our sales team ( for a free consultation session and obligation-free quotation.

Is Catalyst secure?

Yes. Catalyst is hosted on Microsoft Azure, using the latest cloud computing data security technology.

Do candidates see their Catalyst Profiling results?

Detailed personal reports in PDF format are available for each candidate. If you prefer candidates not see their results, that is also possible.

Can candidates retake their Catalyst Profiling assessments?

Yes, they can. If you prefer that your candidates only take the assessment once, we can configure Catalyst accordingly.

What's the difference between Catalyst Recruit and Catalyst Engage?

Catalyst Recruit has a dedicated dashboard that helps you filter, compare and select candidates for job roles, based on your job descriptions, using Catalyst Profiling data. Catalyst Recruit is ideal for hiring managers and recruiters.

Catalyst Engage has its own dedicated dashboard providing in-depth insight into your current talent pool. Catalyst Engage is designed for use by leaders and HR decision-makers.

Here are just some of the organisations powering their talent management with Catalyst.

Catalyst Recruit

Make better hiring decisions

  • Catalyst Recruit dashboard
  • Evaluate up to 30 candidate profiles for each job position with custom job role profile matching
  • Free one-hour orientation session
  • Optional individual candidate Catalyst Profiling Reports
Get A Quote

Catalyst Engage

Get deep insights into your talent pool

  • Catalyst Engage dashboards
  • Tiered packages based on the number of user profiles you need
  • Free one-hour orientation session
  • Optional individual candidate Catalyst Profiling Reports available
Get A Quote

Catalyst Complete

A comprehensive talent management and hiring solution

  • Get both Catalyst Engage and Catalyst Recruit with tiered pricing available based on the number of candidates and users
  • Free one-hour orientation session
  • Optional individual candidate Catalyst Profiling reports available
Get A Quote

Join leading organisations who are using Catalyst to power their talent management.

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Hear more from people we've helped

With our mission to nudge companies to rethink hiring so that we can broaden the talent pool in Singapore as well as fight biases in the workplace, we couldn’t have found a better partner than EPITOME. Their platform helps people see individual talents the way they are and allows companies to find the right fit beyond the standard outdated measures of what talent should be.

Martin TanCEO, Majurity Trust

It is important that we be able to assess and understand our jobseekers holistically in order to design effective career coaching and career counselling interventions. The profiling services dovetail with our current career development approach and allow us to approach interventions from a multi-angled perspective compared to other solutions which only offer one or two at most.

Jeremiah WongWSG Manager, Career Services Division

Through the team mapping exercise, we identified key gaps in roles needed as a collective leadership team that were missing from the Founders. We made a senior hiring decision to close this gap and distributed responsibilities among the founders based on
our secondary preferences.

Azran Osman-RaniCEO, Naluri

The results and findings on individuals in the four teams outlined key metrics around their aspirations, motivations and concerns. This allowed for our Human Capital team to address concerns and, in some cases, extend counselling to affected individuals, mitigating
staff turnover and adverse sentiments.

Nizam Bin Mohamed NadzriCEO, Malaysia Debt Ventures Berhad

The career profiling tools gave us accurate and immediate insight into how we were aligned as an organisation as well as identifying the strengths of people in our unique program. We could also see the challenges some individuals were facing and were able to intervene effectively. As an onboarding tool, it really helped us find the optimal roles for new staff and motivate them.

Kay VaseyFounder and Chief Connecting Officer, The Meshminds Foundation

EPITOME is a leading provider of talent, career and employment technology and analytics solutions, based in South-East Asia. We are a research-driven technology company developing advanced human development solutions that are helping governments, educators and enterprises unlock the potential of their future workforces.

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