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NEW ST. LOUIS-CHICAGO schedule Highlights

CHICAGO – More opportunity for business or pleasure between Chicago and St. Louis is a highlight of Amtrak’s new timetable, effective Nov. 1, 2004. Available in stations and by mail now, the new timetable contains train schedules, sample fares and practical information for making reservations and purchasing tickets.

A later departure from St. Louis for the Ann Rutledge, Train 304, will allow a fuller day for visitors to St. Louis or the other station stops on the St. Louis-Chicago route.

The new 3:10 p.m. departure is also expected to be more reliable and attractive than the previous schedule at Alton, Carlinville, Springfield, Lincoln, Bloomington-Normal, Pontiac, Dwight, Joliet and Summit.

It is the second St. Louis service improvement this year, following the announcement of a new interim station in the Gateway City. The current station in St. Louis is expected to be replaced in the next several weeks and plans for a permanent multi-modal station are being discussed with St. Louis city officials.
Where to obtain timetables

The new Amtrak system timetable, which is free of charge, may be obtained at major Amtrak stations, travel agencies, on-line at or by calling Amtrak’s toll-free information and reservations number: 800-USA-RAIL. Also available on Amtrak’s Web site are downloadable, route-specific and corridor schedules in wallet- sized card format.

OAKLAND, Calif.—Visitors are invited to explore “Carpinteria Naturally” with an exclusive tour package to experience an insider’s view of previously “not open to the public” gardens, nurseries and natural history in the area. “And if you arrive car free via an Amtrak train to our friendly Southern California beach community, you’ll be reducing air pollution and traffic congestion,” says Lin Graf, CEO of the Carpinteria Valley Chamber of Commerce, the sponsor of this unique tourism promotion created by Chamber members in hospitality, floriculture and agriculture. Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner trains make four round-trips daily to seaside Carpinteria. For current schedules and more information, visit or call 1-800-USA-RAIL

The Carpinteria Naturally Tour Package is only offered on the first weekend of the month in February, March, April and May 2004; and includes:

* Friday & Saturday night hotel accommodations: Choice of Holiday Inn Express Suites OR Best Western Carpinteria Inn
* Board private motorcoach on Saturday for guided tours of:
o Hollandia Produce-home of hydroponic “Live Gourmet” foods
o Ever-Bloom Nursery-largest US grower of colorful Gerberas
o Island View Tropical Nursery-exotic flora from around the globe
o Gallup & Stribling Orchids-America’s largest Orchid Farm
o Carpinteria Valley History Museum guided visit

Also included:

* Gourmet picnic lunch from The Garden Market
* Welcome packet with maps and discount coupons

The tour package is priced at only $349 per couple including hotel tax. (Children ages 12 & up, add $79 in same room as parents). Amtrak rail fares are additional. Train station transfers may be arranged at time of booking. Advance reservations with full payments are required 7 days prior to tour. VISA/MC are welcome.

For reservations, contact the Chamber of Commerce toll-free 1-800-563-6900 ext. 12 or 805-684-5479 ext 12. Capacity is limited, so early reservations are very important. (If any seats are still open seven days prior to tour, the “Saturday-only” tour is offered for $79 per person.)

Carpinteria is located 80 miles up the coast from Los Angeles and 12 miles south of Santa Barbara with a mild year-round climate favored by growers of flowers, plants and produce as well as year-round visitors. For more information, access or for the Tour specifically:
About Amtrak

Amtrak passengers enjoy rail service in more than 500 communities in 46 states across a 22,000-mile route system. For schedules, fares and reservations, visit Amtrak’s Web site at
Amtrak: California

Amtrak is proud to announce the “first-ever” two-millionth passenger to ride Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner during the past year. The lucky passenger is Robert Roy Jr., a Navy Seal and actor from San Diego, CA.

During the month of August, ridership was up 18.7 percent on Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner over the same period last year with 221,941 passengers traveling along the route. In July, ridership was up 32.4 percent over the previous year. In fiscal year 2002, more than 1.72 million passengers rode the Pacific Surfliners, an increase of 1/2 percent. In fiscal year 2003, more than 2 million passengers rode the trains, an increase of more than 25 percent over the previous year.

“This milestone is validation of the investment California has made in intercity rail service,” Governor Davis said. “My administration has provided critical funding for the service. And Californians have responded by taking the train in record numbers, reducing traffic congestion on many busy highways.”

Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliners operate 11 roundtrips Monday-Thursday and 12 roundtrips Friday-Sunday between San Diego and Los Angeles, with four extending to Santa Barbara and one continuing to San Luis Obispo.

The California Department of Transportation partners with Amtrak to provide service on three intercity rail corridors in California. Through a $75 million per year annual state operating assistance program and the largest capital assistance program in the nation, the State’s Division of Rail supports service between the Bay Area and Sacramento on the Capitol Corridor, between San Francisco/Oakland and Bakersfield on the San Joaquins and, in Southern California, between San Diego and San Luis Obispo via Los Angeles and Santa Barbara on the Pacific Surfliner. The California Corridors, operated under the partnership banner, Amtrak California, are the busiest in the nation behind the Washington – Boston Northeast corridor and the Empire corridor serving Albany – New York City.
Amtrak: Northwest

Seattle Seahawks fans living out of the Seattle area have another way of traveling to home games on the Amtrak Cascades. Football fans can hop on the Amtrak Cascades to Seattle, avoid major traffic jams and arrive in time for kickoff. Fans can ride to King Street Station and walk directly to the new Seahawk Stadium just outside the train station entrance.

Regular one-way adult fares between Bellingham and Seattle start as low as $16, and as low as $12 between Everett and Seattle. Upgrade to Business Class for as little as $9. Space is limited and reservations are required. For current schedule, fare and reservation information, call 1-800-USA-RAIL or visit Those wishing to purchase a game package including round trip transportation and Field Level game tickets are encouraged to call SportsWorld Tours at (503) 241-4701 or toll free at 1-800-634-2555.
Amtrak: Chicago and Lansing, MI

Ridership on Amtrak’s Chicago-Grand Rapids Pere Marquette is up steeply, with double-digit increases for the month of August and solid gains for the 11 months of the fiscal year-to-date. More than 8,000 passengers rode the daily train last month and almost 70,000 so far this fiscal year.

The ridership increase of more than 27 percent is derived from comparing the 8,045 passengers in August 2003 with the 6,324 in August 2002. The 11-month total is 69,115, a 22 percent increase from the 56,604 over the same period in 2001-2002.
Amtrak operates the Pere Marquette (Trains 370 & 371) under a contract with the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). The train also serves New Buffalo, St. Joseph-Benton Harbor, Bangor and Holland, MI.

“We also appreciate the strong support state partners such as Michigan have given us to ensure we meet the passenger demand for these services.” said Don Saunders, General Superintendent of the Chicago-based Amtrak Central Division. Additionally, Saunders said Amtrak is receiving good cooperation from CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern, the railroads over whose tracks the Pere Marquette operates. “The freight railroad managers stress Amtrak on-time performance for this train,” he stated.

“The significant growth in ridership on this route reaffirms the value of providing reliable and affordable public transportation for Michigan citizens,” said Gloria J. Jeff, MDOT Director. “Passenger rail is an important component of our system,” Jeff continued. “It provides mobility and transportation choices for an ever-increasing number of Michigan residents and visitors.”

Amtrak and MDOT have also made several improvements to stations along the route of the Pere Marquette and have worked closely with WESTRAIN and other community groups in support of the train.
Amtrak: Illinois
Ridership on the three state-supported Amtrak services in Illinois is up dramatically: double-digit increases for the month of August and solidly higher for the 11 months of the fiscal year-to-date. Through August, 806,738 passengers rode Amtrak on Illinois-supported services, an increase of nearly seven percent over the same period a year ago.

Amtrak operates the Chicago-St. Louis State House, the Chicago-Carbondale Illini and the Chicago-Quincy Illinois Zephyr under a contract with the Illinois Department of Transportation. The Illinois DOT also supports the Chicago-Milwaukee Hiawatha
Service in an agreement with Amtrak and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Ridership on the Hiawathas was also up sharply in August and is trending up for the Amtrak fiscal year, which ends on Sept. 30.

The Chicago-St. Louis State House (Trains 300 & 305) also serves Summit, Joliet, Dwight, Pontiac, Bloomington-Normal, Lincoln, Springfield, Litchfield and Alton. It posted an increase of more than 34 percent in August (compared to August 2002) on ridership of 26,464 and is up nearly 12 percent versus the same period of last fiscal year.

The Chicago-Carbondale Illini (Trains 391 & 392) also serves Homewood, Kankakee, Gilman, Rantoul, Champaign-Urbana, Mattoon, Effingham, Centralia and DuQuoin. Its August ridership of 9,759 was up by more than 24 percent against August one year ago, and increased by more than 11 percent in the October through August period.

The Chicago-Quincy Illinois Zephyr (Trains 347 & 348) also serves LaGrange, Naperville, Plano, Mendota, Princeton, Kewanee, Galesburg and Macomb. Its 10,177 for August ridership was a 22 percent increase. The train is up by nearly 10 percent for the fiscal year so far.

The Hiawathas (Trains 329-342) also serve Sturtevant, Wisc., and Glenview. Their ridership of 42,206 was up by 20 percent in August and they are up by more than two percent for the first 11 months of the fiscal year.
Amtrak: Mid Atlantic

Traveling between Boston, New York and Washington on Acela Express and Metroliner just got more rewarding for thousands of Amtrak Guest Rewards members. Now through December 22, 2003, members of Amtrak’s frequent traveler program will receive a free companion ticket for a future trip to any Amtrak destination for every two qualifying roundtrips (or four one-way trips) taken aboard Acela Express or Metroliner trains.

Taking advantage of this offer couldn’t be easier – passengers simply provide their Amtrak Guest Rewards member number when making reservations, either online at, through a travel agent or by calling 1-800-USA-RAIL. Members will receive their travel certificates by mail a few weeks after their travel has been completed. Best of all, there is no limit on the number of free companion certificates an Amtrak Guest Rewards member may earn, and the certificates may be transferred to friends, family members or anyone else. And, as an additional incentive, members will continue to earn 500 points (each way) for trips taken in Business Class and 750 points for trips taken in First Class.

Qualifying travel must be taken between September 8 and December 22, 2003 aboard Acela Express or Metroliner trains between the following city-pairs: Boston (includes South Station, Back Bay and Route 128), New York (includes Stamford, Newark, and Metropark), and Washington (or New Carrollton, Md.). Other restrictions, including blackout dates on certificate redemption, may apply. Complete details are available online at

Acela Express is leading a dramatic shift of travelers choosing the train over airline shuttles in the Northeast. In the most recent quarter for which data is available (January-March 2003), Amtrak carried 36 percent of the air/rail market share between Boston and New York – more than any single airline – and between Washington and New York, Amtrak commanded 53 percent of the market – more than all airlines combined. Passengers enjoy the convenience of traveling downtown-to-downtown with the ability to conduct business en route. Onboard amenities include 120-volt power outlets at every seat, conference tables with seating for four passengers, and a bistro-style café car with draft beer service.
In April, Amtrak sharply reduced Acela Express fares between Boston and New York, capping business class fares at $99 for peak departures. Fares for off-peak departures and for travel to intermediate destinations are even lower. Amtrak reported double-digit ridership gains following the reduction in fares.
About Amtrak

Amtrak passengers enjoy rail service in more than 500 communities in 46 states across a 22,000-mile route system. For schedules, fares and reservations, visit Amtrak’s Web site at

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"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."
- Margaret Wolfe Hungerford (1878)

"If you think it's Art, then it's Art."
- Phil Galphia (2017)

Stunning original art, created by artistic legends of the past, and by some of today's most eye-inspiring artists.

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"Under the governing laws of my state or country I certify that I am 18 years of age or the legal age required by law to view any mature content. I understand that the page I wish to view contains material featuring nudity and/or sexually-explicit material and/or adult themes that are age-restricted, and I confirm that by proceeding to that page, I agree that I am not offended by viewing such material."

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Federico Beltrán Masses (1885-1949)

galphia.com is a not-for-profit website, established to generate, promote and proliferate interest in painting, drawing and the fine arts generally, and in contemporary original art in particular. Revenue generated on this website is used solely to maintain and improve the site.

© 2022 galphia.com (excluding artwork images)
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The strength of Swissgame is simplicity

Swissgame develops and produces its own casino games that are fairly widely played. They are usually quite original games that are simple in design. While the company is not an unknown name, it is certainly not one of the biggest either. The same goes for its financial resources. But still, they manage to produce fun and entertaining games with limited resources every time.

The plus points of Swissgame

Many players like the simplicity that you find in Swissgame’s games. Not everyone is attracted to the lifelike and rather complicated games from big providers like Netent and Microgaming. Then a somewhat simpler game can actually be a welcome change. However, there are more reasons why many players in online casinos choose the games of Swiss Game:

  • The games are easy to play.
  • All games are in English.
  • The range of games is varied.
  • Suitable for beginners.

The games are easy to play

Swissgame games don’t require you to dig endlessly into game rules or discover during play that you don’t understand much about them anyway. The games are easy to understand for everyone. This makes the games suitable for a Dutch online casino and a wide audience.

All games are in Dutch

Since we are dealing with a Dutch game producer, there is an added advantage. All games are available in the Dutch language. And this is what makes the games to some extent unique compared to the games of other producers. For many people who speak English less well, Swiss Game’s games will therefore be much more attractive than those of other game producers.

The game selection is varied

Swiss Game’s game selection is not very large, but it is varied. All the popular games you can play anyway. Think Roulette, Video Poker, Blackjack and so on. And of course there are plenty of slots to keep you entertained as well.

Great for beginners

The beauty of SwissGame games is that they are easy to understand and simple in design. And since everything is described simply in English, the games from this developer are ideal for people who want to get acquainted with online casino games for the first time. The games on offer are varied enough to keep you entertained for quite a while and gain some experience.

Swiss Game’s games are very accessible and therefore ideal for beginners to gain some experience. However, once you have familiarized yourself with the games you may feel the need for a little more excitement. If so, you can always decide to start playing the games of the big names in the gaming industry.


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Skotos Adds New E-Rated MMOG

Gamers looking for variety in online prose role-playing, graphical role-playing, and strategy gaming, all for one single, affordable, monthly subscription have already discovered Skotos. The one-stop game channel destination for those where socializing, imaginative story-telling by the players themselves, and the use of a little brain-power are highest on the list of wants in the games they play. It is these elements that are at the core of Z-Opolis, the latest addition to the Skotos portfolio of games. With its family-friendly, ESRB E-Rated game play that replaces weapons, combat, and conflict with cool clothes, positive social interaction, and cooperation, Z-Opolis is the first Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) designed with true family appeal.

"We see Z-Opolis as very complimentary to the games that Skotos already offers," said Kevin Hannah, Vice President of Marketing Officer at PersistentWorldZ, "especially as Z-Opolis appeals strongly to women of all ages as well as more casual game players."

Z-Opolis is a virtual world where dreams and reality overlap. One in which a player develops their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Social Quotient (SQ), as well as their proficiency at any of the six different types of job they can take: Gatherer, Hunter, Miner, Chef, Designer, Engineer or Trader. Mix this with raising their very own interactive Z-Pet, playing mini-games, creating and running their own club, decorating their room, and wearing vibrant clothes and costumes, and you have the perfect setting to make and play with friends.

"PersistentWorldZ joins the Skotos’ Associate Game program alongside developers such as 4 Point Games, Near Death Studios, and Lyra Studios" said Shannon Appelcline, Vice President at Skotos. "Allowing us to offer a one-stop destination for any gamer looking to play a diverse group of games for the same cost as it usually takes to play just one game."

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Green Pastures Fermented Cod Liver Oil 6.1 oz

SKU: GPCLOL1 Category:

Green Pastures Fermented Cod Liver Oil is an excellent source of natural vitamins A & D, and omega fatty acids (including EPA and DHA), along with other fat-soluble nutrients. Because this Fermented Cod Liver Oil is all natural, and extracted using fermentation, it is readily absorbed in our bodies. This means these wonderful nutrients are easier for our bodies to use, leading to a boost in your oral and overall health.

All of our Fermented Cod Liver Oil is certified by the Marine Stewardship Council, which ensures that the cod livers we source have been sustainably wild-caught. (MSC-C-55178)

Nutritional Information

Supplement Facts Recommended Serving Size: 1/2 tsp (2 mL)
Nutrition Info Amount Per Serving
Calories 20
Calories from Fat 20
Total Fat 2 g (3%*)
Saturated Fat 0.5 g (3%*)
Cholesterol 5 mg (2%*)

*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Each bottle contains 6.1 ounces.


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Under the World's Largest

Big Top Arena!

GARDEN BROS CIRCUS has been entertaining families for over 100 years and now the Largest Circus on Earth.

Introducing GARDEN BROS NUCLEAR CIRCUS; this ALL NEW show will BLAST you out of your seat.

The Circus is America’s Greatest Family Tradition and a place for your family to have fun together.

This ALL NEW SHOW is going to fill the Big Top arena with over 60 performers from around the world in 3 RINGS.

GARDEN BROS NUCLEAR CIRCUS will amaze you with special effects, concert style lighting,  Human Cannonball, Wheel of Death, Motorcycles in the Sphere of Fear, Human Slingshot, Comedy the whole family will love, Girls hanging by their hair, Olate Performing Dogs as seen on America's Got Talent, Cossack Riders; we can keep going but you just need to see it.

Its 1½ hours of excitement and fun at GARDEN BROS NUCLEAR CIRCUS "Humans Gone Wild" All under the Gigantic climate controlled Big Top Arena!

Free children’s tickets have been distributed at all elementary schools, pre-schools, day care centers and churches. The Free Tickets are also available at sponsoring businesses in the area. Or download it HERE.

First one hundred adult tickets sold online are only $14.50.

A Real Family Adventure!

Come Early and meet the Circus Stars and get your face painted like a superhero, ride the Monster Slide or play on a moon bounce, eat Cotton Candy, Popcorn, Funnel Cakes, Sno Cones and More! YUM-TIME!

Climate Controlled


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Dichondra Plant Info: Tips For Growing Dichondra In The Lawn Or Garden

By: , Master Gardener
Dichondra Plant With Water Droplets
Image by seven75

In some places dichondra, a low growing plant and member of the morning glory family, is seen as a weed. In other places, however, it is valued as an attractive groundcover or even a substitute for a small lawn area. Let’s find out more about how to grow dichondra groundcover.

Dichondra Plant Info

Dichondra (Dichondra repens) is a perennial groundcover plant (in USDA zones 7-11) that has a somewhat upright, creeping habit with circular leaves. It is not usually over 2 inches (5 cm.) in height and retains its bright green color in temperatures as low as 25 degrees F. (-3 C.). When this groundcover becomes full, it appears as a dense, carpet-like grass and is often planted in places where other turf-type grass does not grow well.

Silver dichondra is a green-silver annual groundcover that is often used in hanging baskets and pots. The cascading habit makes this attractive plant perfect for rock walls or window boxes as well. This low maintenance plant, with fan-shaped foliage, does well in full sun, requires only minimal care, and is drought resistant.

How to Grow Dichondra

Proper preparation of the seedbed is essential to growing dichondra plants. A weed free raked area is best. Dichondra prefers loose, clod-free, and well-drained soil in partial shade to full sun.

Seed should be lightly scattered over the loosened soil bed and watered until wet but not soggy. Depending on how sunny the planting area is, seeds may need to be watered a few times a day until they begin to sprout. Covering the seeds with a light layer of peat moss helps with moisture retention.

It is best to plant seed when the temperatures are in the 70’s (21 C.) during the day and the 50’s (10 C.) at night. This can be in either early spring or even early fall.

The growing dichondra seeds will sprout within 7 to 14 days, depending on conditions.

Dichondra Care

Once plants are established, a deep and infrequent watering is necessary. It is best to allow the plants to dry out slightly between watering.

If using as a lawn alternative, the dichondra can be mowed to a suitable height. Most people find that mowing to around 1 ½ inches (4 cm.) in the summer is best and requires cutting every two weeks.

Provide ½ to 1 pound (227-454 g.) of nitrogen per month during the growing season for a healthy cover.

Apply a pre-emergent weed control on the groundcover to keep weeds at bay. Never use an herbicide containing 2-4D on dichondra plants, as they will die. Remove broadleaf weeds by hand for best results.

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Leaf Chlorosis In Plants
Image by Goldfinch4ever

Iron chlorosis affects many kinds of plants and can be frustrating for a gardener. An iron deficiency in plants causes unsightly yellow leaves and eventually death. So it is important to correct iron chlorosis in plants. Let’s look at what does iron do for plants and how to fix systemic chlorosis in plants.

What Does Iron Do for Plants?

Iron is a nutrient that all plants need to function. Many of the vital functions of the plant, like enzyme and chlorophyll production, nitrogen fixing, and development and metabolism are all dependent on iron. Without iron, the plant simply cannot function as well as it should.

Symptoms for Iron Deficiency in Plants

The most obvious symptom of iron deficiency in plants is commonly called leaf chlorosis. This is where the leaves of the plant turn yellow, but the veins of the leaves stay green. Typically, leaf chlorosis will start at the tips of new growth in the plant and will eventually work its way to older leaves on the plant as the deficiency gets worse.

Other signs can include poor growth and leaf loss, but these symptoms will always be coupled with the leaf chlorosis.

Fixing Iron Chlorosis in Plants

Rarely is an iron deficiency in plants caused by a lack of iron in the soil. Iron is typically abundant in the soil, but a variety of soil conditions can limit how well a plant can get to the iron in the soil.

Iron chlorosis in plants is normally cause by one of four reasons. They are:

  • Soil pH is too high
  • Soil has too much clay
  • Compacted or overly wet soil
  • Too much phosphorus in the soil

Fixing Soil pH That Is Too High

Have your soil tested at your local extension service. If the soil pH is over 7, the soil pH is restricting the ability of the plant to get iron from the soil. You can learn more about lowering soil pH in this article.

Correcting Soil That Has Too Much Clay

Clay soil lacks organic material. The lack of organic material is actually the reason that a plant cannot get iron from clay soil. There are trace nutrients in organic material that the plant needs in order to take the iron into its roots.

If clay soil is causing iron chlorosis, correcting an iron deficiency in plants means working in organic material like peat moss and compost into the soil.

Improving Compacted Or Overly Wet Soil

If your soil is compacted or too wet, the roots do not have enough air to properly take up enough iron for the plant.

If the soil is too wet, you will need to improve the drainage of the soil. If the soil is compacted, oftentimes it can be difficult to reverse this so other methods of getting iron to the plant is usually employed.

If you are unable to correct the drainage or reverse compaction, you can use a chelated iron as either a foliar spray or a soil supplement. This will further increase the iron content available to the plant and counter the weakened ability of the plant to take up iron through its roots.

Reducing Phosphorus in the Soil

Too much phosphorus can block the uptake of iron by the plant and cause leaf chlorosis. Typically, this condition is caused by using a fertilizer that is too high in phosphorus. Use a fertilizer that is lower in phosphorus (the middle number) to help bring the soil back in balance.

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GABA Pick 'Em Results: Week Six

GameSox5 wins this past weekend's pick 'em with 230 points. Midsouth Garnet comes in second with 227, while stapleears rounds out the top three with 226. Midsouth remains the leader in the season standings with 1139 points and an 80-19 record.

Be sure to get your picks for week seven in soon.


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The Haunting at Warren Woods (Canvas Print)

SKU: N/A Category:

Introduce some Stephen King vibes to your home or office! This beautiful, yet chilling, photo taken at Warren Woods in Scarborough, Maine will make the PERFECT complement to your space!

Also, please rate my ability to create a sweet horror movie title as seen in the title of this canvas print.

• Fade-resistant
• 20.5 mil thick poly-cotton blend canvas
• Hand-stretched over solid wood stretcher bars
• Matte finish coating

Additional information

Weight N/A

Size Chart

Size guide
12×16 16×20 18×24 24×36
Height (inches) 12 16 18 24
Width (inches) 16 20 24 36

Usually, it takes 3–7 days to fulfill an order, after which it’s shipped out. From there, shipping typically takes 2-5 days inside the US, and 3-8 days internationally. We print all of our items on-demand, and therefore we cannot offer refunds for orders other than those with damaged products.

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Western Canada – Pyrolysis Plant FEED

Gas Liquids Engineering Ltd. (GLE) carried out the FEED (Front End Engineering and Design) for a 300 kg/hr pyrolysis plant. Located adjacent to an existing landfill, the modular facility will convert appropriate plastic and organic materials into a liquid pyrolysis oil product. An existing pyrolysis plant previously used in oilfield service was also purchased by the client and the equipment was reviewed by GLE for partial reuse in the new facility. A complete FEED package was prepared for the project including process simulations, a cost estimate, design basis memorandum, plot plan, P&ID’s, and sourcing of long lead equipment items. The processing facility was designed around the client’s proprietary reactor technology, and GLE’s design scope included:

  • High temperature pyrolysis filtration system
  • Pyrolysis gas cooling system
  • Pyrolysis gas compression system
  • Pyrolysis oil condensing system
  • Oil storage
  • 500 kW of power generation
  • Instrument air
  • Nitrogen generation
  • Non-condensable incineration
  • The non-condensable portion of the pyrolysis gas stream will be incinerated in order to eliminate the release of any odors or undesirable components to the atmosphere, although the possible use of this gas as supplementary fuel to the reactor burners will be tested during initial operation of the facility. In order to obtain a more complete dataset for the system design and to simulate the overall reactor performance, a bench-scale reactor and model of the cooling and condensing system was also designed and constructed, with the pyrolysis products being sent to a lab for analysis


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Gay Fetish Clubs Wisconsin

Featuring the first fetish website for men seeking men, signup for free to get introduced to local Wisconsin single men in your area. Gay Fetish Society is a free adult directory for finding men who enjoy fetishes such as leather and rubber, all listings are private and registration only needs an active email. Click a city within Wisconsin from the list below or scroll to the left to view listings of gay fetish men directly.

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Our Mission

Creating opportunities to strengthen Downtown Garden City's economic base.

Our Vision

Historic Downtown Garden City is the regional destination in southwest Kansas for unique shopping opportunities, dining, healthcare, arts, and entertainment.  Fully occupied and renovated buildings surrounded by beautiful, clean streetscapes make this an exciting, safe gathering place that houses the community's heart and soul.  The restoration of significant properties strengthen the Downtown's position as a focal point in the community.

About Us

Since our establishment in 2004, Garden City Downtown Vision continues to promote Downtown Garden City as a business and industry hub, providing places for individuals to carry out day-to-day business, shop, live, entertain, connect and eat.  We strive to promote the central business district as the community's cultural and social center.

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Tonight’s Complete TV Listings: June 28, 2020 TV Schedule

Tonight’s Complete TV Listings: June 28, 2020 TV Schedule

The following is a list of every new TV episode airing on June 28, 2020. Titles are listed by time and then sorted alphabetically. Series and season premieres are in bold.

12:45 AM/11:45 PM:

  • Dr. Havoc’s Diary (Syfy)

1:45/12:45 AM:

  • Dr. Havoc’s Diary (Syfy)

3/2 AM:

  • It’s Okay to Not Be Okay (Netflix)
  • Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj (Netflix, Season 6 Finale)

6/5 AM:

  • Chasing the Sun (Ovation)

6:30/5:30 AM:

  • Bakugan: Armored Alliance (Cartoon Network)

7/6 AM:

  • Chasing the Sun (Ovation, Season 2 Finale)

9/8 AM:

  • The 1960s Rediscovered (AXS TV)

10/9 AM:

  • Abby Hatcher (Nick Jr.)

10:30/9:30 AM:

  • Butterbean’s Cafe (Nick Jr.)

11:30/10:30 AM:

  • Valerie’s Home Cooking (Food Network)

12:30 PM/11:30 AM:

  • Giada at Home 2.0 (Food Network, Series Premiere)

6/5 PM:

  • Snapped (Oxygen)

7/6 PM:

  • 60 Minutes (CBS)
  • Hollywood Game Night (NBC)
  • Locked & Lit: Countdown to the BET Awards (BET, One-Hour Special)

7:30/6:30 PM:

  • Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks – Season 6 Flashback (National Geographic Channel)

8/7 PM:

  • 2020 BET Awards (CBS/BET, Three-Hour Special)
  • 90 Day Fiance: Happily Ever After? (TLC)
  • Behind Closed Doors: Back to the Future (Reelz, Two-Hour Special)
  • Black Monday (Showtime, Season 2.5 Premiere)
  • Bunk’d (Disney Channel)
  • Celebrity Family Feud: Cedric the Entertainer vs. Wayne Brady/The Hills: New Beginnings vs. Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (ABC)
  • Hightown (Starz)
  • Lost Pyramids of the Aztecs (Science Channel, Two-Hour Special)
  • Lucy Worsley’s Royal Myths & Secrets (PBS)
  • Mystic Britain (Smithsonian Channel)
  • Naked & Afraid XL (Discovery Channel)
  • Renovation Island (HGTV)
  • The Top Ten Revealed (AXS TV)

8:20/7:20 PM:

  • Disney Fam Jam (Disney Channel)

8:30/7:30 PM:

  • Rock Legends (AXS TV)
  • Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks (National Geographic Channel, 90-Minute Season 7 Premiere)

9/8 PM:

  • An American Aristocrat’s Guide to Great Estates (Smithsonian Channel)
  • American Monster (ID)
  • Bahamas Life (HGTV)
  • Barnwood Builders (DIY)
  • Carnival Eats (Cooking Channel, Season 8 Finale)
  • The Chi (Showtime)
  • The Good Witch (Hallmark Channel)
  • Grantchester (PBS)
  • The Incredible Dr. Pol (Nat Geo Wild)
  • Live From Daryl’s House: Gavin DeGraw (AXS TV)
  • Married to Medicine Los Angeles (Bravo)
  • North Woods Law (Animal Planet)
  • Perry Mason (HBO)
  • Press Your Luck (ABC)
  • Snowpiercer (TNT)
  • World War II: Race to Victory (History Channel, Back-to-Back New Episodes)
  • Worst Cooks in America (Food Network)
  • Yellowstone (Paramount Network)

9:30/8:30 PM:

  • Bahamas Life (HGTV)

10/9 PM:

  • Beecham House (PBS)
  • Food Paradise (Cooking Channel)
  • Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted (National Geographic Channel)
  • I’ll Be Gone in the Dark (HBO, Series Premiere)
  • Lost Cities of the Amazon (Science Channel)
  • Match Game: Thomas Lennon, Mary McCormack, Rick Fox, Caroline Rhea, Bob Saget, Padma Lakshmi (ABC)
  • Mexico Life (HGTV)
  • Naked & Afraid: Foreign Exchange (Discovery Channel)
  • NOS4A2 (AMC/BBC America)
  • On the Case with Paula Zahn (ID)
  • Penny Dreadful: City of Angels (Showtime, Season 1 Finale)
  • Smothered (TLC)
  • Tournament of Laughs (TBS)
  • Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen (Bravo)
  • World War II: Race to Victory (History Channel, Season 1 Finale)

10:30/9:30 PM:

  • Beat Bobby Flay (Food Network)
  • Mexico Life (HGTV)

11/10 PM:

  • Lakefront Bargain Hunt (HGTV)

11:05/10:05 PM:

  • Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

11:30/10:30 PM:

  • Lakefront Bargain Hunt (HGTV)

Check out the Amazon Prime Video store for any episodes you may have missed. Buying from the link included helps keep this blog running.


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Taxing Experiences

There are people in the world who keep track of their income and deductible expenses during the year.  Shortly after January 1, they go online, record their information, and file their tax returns.  Just like that.  I know a few people like that.  I kind of hate them.  (These are also people, I suspect, who always get refunds.)

Then there are people like my husband and me, the polar opposites of the uber-organized.  He is sulky because he’s about to go out of town and I’ve announced that I will attach myself to his legs and hold on till hell freezes over before he gets on a plane without getting our tax information together.  Wonder how he’d get through security with a howling, deranged wife being dragged behind him? I ask.

Around us, it looks as if an unfortunate blizzard has hit our so-called living room.  Mounds of papers, checks, W-4 forms, credit card receipts, and crumpled bills optimistically marked “deductible” line our couch, our coffee table, our floor.  We paw through them, sorting them into still more piles.  After an hour or so, it doesn’t look like a blizzard any longer; it looks like the city dump.

We are both, I should say, terrible at this.  Impatient about details, slipshod at keeping records, lackadaisical when it comes to matters financial: There aren’t any aspiring CPAs or ants at our house — only slobs and grasshoppers.  Year after year, tax time is one of the most trying moments of our marriage.  It’s a lucky tax season when a brawl doesn’t break out over a W-4 or whatever they call those things these days.

But we persevere and organize without killing each other.  I drop off our records and estimates with our wonderful, revered CPA who always — even in March or April — exudes calm and competence and, astonishing to me, an actual affection for details, numbers, laws, regulations.  I leave her office feeling lighthearted and free.  She’ll tell us what we owe or what we’re owed, we’ll sign, we’ll pay, we’ll do whatever we have to do.  Barring total financial disaster, all I care about is that we’re finished for now.  We’re free to go back to being our old, careless, slovenly selves till the blizzard hits again next year.  Adios Tax Year 2007!  Don’t bother to write.

(Copyright 2008 by Ruth Pennebaker)

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Our Experience

Stormwater Discharge Investigation

GEL assisted multiple manufacturing facilities with detecting potential sources of zinc impacting stormwater reporting.

The Client

Facilities that are at risk of higher levels of zinc in their stormwater discharge

The Challenge

Several manufacturing facilities recently detected zinc in their stormwater discharge above the benchmark value as established in the South Carolina Department of Environmental and Control’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (IGP).  According to the IGP, if zinc is detected in the facility’s stormwater discharge above the benchmark value for 4-quarterly sampling events, a facility must review the selection, design, installation, and implementation of current control measures to determine if modifications are necessary to meet zinc benchmark values.  A facility is then required to:

  • Make the necessary modifications and continue quarterly monitoring until the facility has completed 4 additional quarters of monitoring for which the average does not exceed the benchmark or
  • Make a determination that no further pollutant reductions are technologically available and economically practicable and achievable in light of best industry practice to meet the technology-based effluent limits or are necessary to meet the water-quality-based effluent limitations included in the IGP.

If the average concentration of a pollutant exceeds a benchmark value, and the manufacturing facility determines that exceedance of the benchmark is attributable solely to the presence of that pollutant in the natural background, the manufacturing facility is not required to perform corrective action or additional benchmark monitoring.  Rather, the facility must amend its SWPPP and retain supporting documentation for the natural background determination.

GEL Services Provided
  • GEL prepared Sampling and Analysis Plans (SAPs) for submittal to the manufacturing facilities.  The SAPs included a summary of the project, the proposed number of samples for collection, the method of sample collection, additional detail regarding the sampling requirements for regulatory compliance, the constituents for analysis, and the analytical methods for analysis of the materials.  In addition, GEL researched and reviewed publicly available surface, groundwater, and geotechnical studies for the purposes of natural background determination and adequate number of samples.
  • GEL conducted extensive evaluations of the facilities’ stormwater to determine locations of potential zinc sources and if the zinc detected in the stormwater discharge was attributed to natural background concentrations in the surface soils and ground waters.  Stormwater samples were collected from various locations throughout each facility identified by the client as potentially contributing to the discharge of each outfall in addition to samples at each outfall.  The samples were collected, transported, and submitted  to GEL Laboratories, LLC for analysis.  GEL prepared reports that provided the characteristic profile for zinc in background surface and ground waters and that, depending on the findings, may be used to fulfill the IGP requirement for attributing zinc in the stormwater discharge to natural background levels.
The Result

GEL’s detailed investigation outlining potential sources of zinc in the stormwater allowed the facilities to mitigate zinc impacts by:

  • Implementing best management practices at identified potential sources
  • Adjusting or adding control measures at potential sources
  • Utilizing the data as documentation for benchmark exceedances thereby allowing for corrective action, determination that exceedances were due to natural background pollutant levels, or finding that no further pollutant reductions were technologically available and economically practicable and achievable in light of best industry practice

This mitigation allowed the facilities to:

  • Maintain compliance with the IGP thereby allowing the facilities to continue production activities, prevent regulatory fees, and avoid costly plant shutdowns
  • Potentially discontinue benchmark monitoring for the remainder of the permit term


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IFU Spectroscopy

Top-level characteristics of NIFS

The table below gives only a quick-reference overview of the NIFS instrumental parameters. Please consult the relevant subsections for more details.

Spatial Properties
Field of View 3" × 3"
Pixel Scale 0.103" across slices
0.04" along slices
Spatial Resolution (FWHM) 0.1" full AO correction (NGS/LGS)
Seeing limited without AO
Spectral Properties
Grating Z J H K
Standard Wavelength Range (μm) 0.94 - 1.15 1.15 - 1.33 1.49 - 1.80 1.99 - 2.40
Spectral Resolution 4990 6040 5290 5290
Guiding Properties
Patrol Field 3.5 to 6.5 arcminutes 12.7" to 60" (30" max recommended with ALTAIR field lens) < 25" < 25"
Limiting Magnitude of A0 Guide Star (minimal performance) Rmag=15 Kmag=14.5 Rmag=15 Rmag=18.5

Basic Characteristics of NIFS Coronagraphic Mode

R~5000 infrared IFU spectroscopy at AO resolutions using the 0."2 or 0."5 occulting disks for coronagraphic measurements is available. The best performance is achieved in the H and K bands. Coronagraphy can be carried out with or without ALTAIR's field lens, and with or without a NIFS OIWFS guide star.

Spatial Sampling and Image Quality

NIFS is an image-slicer integral-field spectrograph, meaning that the sky is sampled by a stack of long, thin mirrors, each of which is rotated with respect to its neighbors. Each of these narrow mirrors acts similarly to a slit in a conventional spectrograph, providing a slice across the two-dimensional field that is then dispersed to provide a spatially-resolved spectrum. Since there are almost no gaps between the slices (or 'pseudo-slits'), they can be re-combined to provide a contiguous field, in which there exists a spectrum at every position.

Field of View

During science verification, the NIFS field of view was measure as 2.99"×2.97", measured across and along the slices respectively The field is divided into 29 individual slices, each of which is sampled by around 69 detector pixels running along the length of the slice. Distortions within the NIFS field are very small. The orientation of the NIFS field is such that the slices are aligned North-South for an instrument position angle of 0º.

Spatial Sampling

A consequence of the image-slicer design is that the spatial sampling is determined differently across the slices than along them. In the direction along the slices, the sampling is determined by the detector. Across the slices, the sampling is determined by the width of the slice as projected onto the sky. For NIFS, this results in rectangular spatial pixels (or 'spaxels') of dimension 0.103"×0.043" across and along the slice respectively.

Image Quality

The image quality of NIFS is determined primarily by the guiding method. Without the use of the ALTAIR adaptive optics system, NIFS is seeing limited, which is typically 0.4" FWHM or larger. If ALTAIR is providing full correction, using a bright NGS or LGS with a bright tip-tilt star, the PSF is close to the diffraction limit of the telescope, which is undersampled by the NIFS 0.1" slices. Thus along the slit, the PSF will be well sampled and near-diffraction limited. Across the slit, the PSF will be affected by the sampling of the NIFS slits. NIFS image quality with AO can be affected by a number of issues that are generally not important for seeing-limited observations. For example, flexure or changes in atmospheric refraction during the integration, the quality of the image-reconstruction via the data reduction process, etc. Nominal FWHM values for NIFS+ALTAIR observations with good correction are 0.1"-0.15", although precise PSF size and shape will depend on conditions and ALTAIR configuration.

The following sensitivity table provides signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 5 per spectral pixel in one hour (6 x 600 seconds) on-source integration. They were estimated using the NIFS Integration Time Calculator (ITC) and the obtained S/N of 5 is the averaged S/N in the wavelength intervals. These values are for silver coatings on the telescope optics and NIFS on the up-looking port, and the lowest-read noise mode was assumed (~6 e- at 77 K). Observing conditions were 70%-ile image quality, 50%-ile cloud cover (photometric), 80%-ile water vapor column, 80%-ile sky background, and an average airmass of 1.5.

Although these ITC estimates are not far off the actual NIFS measurements, detailed calculations show some inconsistencies. Thus, these estimates are provided only for proposal preparation and are not meant to be absolute guides. Nonetheless, applicants should use the ITC to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio at the precise wavelengths of interest and/or over the entire band of interest.

Band Wavelength Interval (um) Central
Point Sources Extended Sources
(mag) (uJy) (mag/IFU pixel) (mJy/IFU pixel)
Z 0.94 - 1.15 1.05 16.0 870 14.7 2.9
J 1.15 - 1.33 1.25 16.8 340 15.5 1.1
H 1.49 - 1.78 1.65 18.3 55 17.0 0.2
K 2.00 - 2.41 2.20 18.7 26 17.4 0.1

Performance Monitoring

NIFS Sensitivity

The sensitivities reported for NIFS reflect the magnitude of an object that would provide a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 for an hour of integration time (SN1 hr).  To calculate the signal-to-noise ratio, the signal is determined from telluric standard stars observed with requested photometric (CC50) IQ20 to IQ70 conditions, while the noise is determined from a subtracted pair of long-sky frames.  The sky frames used have an integration time (T) > 500 seconds, observed within temporal proximity of the telluric standard, and are observed under the same photometric conditions.

The signal is found by taking the mean over the telluric's spectrum (S) with a circular aperture area defined by the guiding source.  For AO and P2 guiding, apertures are fixed at 0.3'' and 2.5'',  respectively.

With a subtracted pair of long-sky frames, on an area of sky generally free of sky lines and artifacts, noise (N) is determined by multiplying the average standard deviation in the background counts by the square root of the aperture area used to find the signal.

SN1 hr = S * (3600 / Ttelluric)
N * (3600 / (2 * Tsky))1/2

To find the sensitivity, the signal-to-noise ratio (SN1 hr) is converted to a magnitude and added to the Simbad magnitude (MSimbad), in the corresponding waveband,  of the standard star:

Sensitivity = 2.5 * log(SN1 hr) + MSimbad .

Sensitivity measurements for telluric standard star observations,  taken at the central wavelength of each band,  are reported below.  The Gemini Integration Time Calculator (ITC) predictions for IQ20 and IQ70 (CC50) conditions are drawn in the sensitivity plots. For NIFS-P2 the ITC calculations do not differ for IQ20 and IQ70 conditions, and only one dashed line is shown.  The NIFS-AO predicted sensitivities do exhibit noticeable differences between IQ20 and IQ70 conditions.  For NIFS-AO observations, measurements made with the field lens OUT are represented by a larger symbol than those made with the field lens IN,  as the field lens will contribute to signal being lost.

NIFS Sensitivity AO Guiding P2 Guiding

All throughput measurements are based on observations of spectrophotometric standards, collected under photometric conditions. Throughputs are defined as follows:

T(λ) = Nd(λ)
Nt (λ)

where: Nd(λ) is the number of photons detected with wavelength λ and Nt(λ) is the number of photons of the same wavelength hitting the telescope's primary mirror. The latter is given by:

Nt(λ) = N*(λ) 10 (-0.4 μ Aλ)

where N*(λ) is the star's photon flux at wavelength λ above Earth's atmosphere, in number of photons/cm2/s, μ is the airmass, and Aλ is a mean monochromatic extinction coefficient.

The numbers available below are average values, that do not account for throughput variations as a function of grating angle.

Guiding Options

NIFS has a number of different guiding options, which can be summarized as follows:

  • Without Adaptive Optics: Seeing-limited guiding using Peripheral WaveFront Sensor 2 (PWFS2). This mode can be used if there is no suitable guide star available for ALTAIR (e.g., no nearby bright star and your target is too faint or extended to guide with).
  • With Adaptive Optics: ALTAIR is used as the primary guider, providing adaptive optics correction for seeing effects. ALTAIR provides both Natural Guide Source (NGS) and Laser Guide Source (LGS) capabilities with NIFS, and can be used as a "seeing improver" using PWFS1. The degree of correction depends on the brightness and off-axis distance of the guide sources used. Note that the Altair patrol field is not exactly circular or concentric with NIFS. The precise position and non-circular shape of the patrol field is correctly displayed with the Altair overlay in the Observing Tool image displayer.
  • With Adaptive Optics and OIWFS: NIFS is also equipped with an On-Instrument WaveFront Sensor (OIWFS) that can provide slow guiding to correct for flexures between NIFS and ALTAIR. This mode is recommended for long integrations, and for coronography.

Guidelines for selecting good guide stars are summarized in the table below. Note that the guide star brightness limits are for cloudless nights (50% CC) andoptimal seeing (IQ ≤ 70%). ALTAIR can guide on fainterstars (to R~15 mag for A0 stars), but this will result in poor correction.

Guide Probe Separation from
the science target
Guide star brightness
ALTAIR (NGS) < 25" (1)

R <~12 mag (optimal)

R <~15 mag (faint limit)

ALTAIR (LGS) < 25" (1)

R <~17.5 mag (bright time)

R <~18.5 mag (dark time)

LGS+PWFS1 3.5' to 7' R <~ 14 mag
OIWFS Between 12 and 60" (2) K <~ 14.5 mag
PWFS2 3.5' to 6.'5 R <~ 15 mag

(1) The Altair patrol field is not exactly circular or concentric with NIFS. The precise position and non-circular shape of the patrol field is correctly displayed with the Altair overlay in the Observing Tool image displayer.
(2) The maximum radius decreases to 25" when the ALTAIR field lens is used.

Seeing limited NIFS IFU spectroscopy

In addition to the adaptive optics-fed mode, NIFS has also been commissioned to be used with the Peripheral Wavefront Sensor, PWFS2. The NIFS field will be vignetted by the PWFS2 probe arm using stars that are closer to the science target than ~3.8 arcminutes. The outer limit for PWFS2 guide stars can be displayed on the OT position editor and is discussed here. More information on the Peripheral Wavefront Sensor vignetting regions and information on how to define PWFS2 guide stars can be found in the OT help pages .

Extensive flexure modeling of the NIFS+PWFS2 system has not been done, but we presume that guiding with NIFS in this mode will provide performance similar to the NIRI+PWFS2 observations (roughly 0.1" of flexure per 30-45 minutes of on-sky observations, depending on the elevation and rotator position). It is not presently possible to use the NIFS OIWFS guide stars to compensate for flexure when observing with PWFS2.

Required Guide Star Characteristics: See the table on the main guiding options page for limiting guide star magnitudes for PWFS2.

With AO

Observations made with NIFS+ALTAIR adaptive optics are the most common observing mode. Typically, the adaptive optics correction with ALTAIR on a bright star gives a best-fit FWHM value of 90 - 110 mas. The FWHM is limited by the rectangular 0."1 x 0."04 pixels in the NIFS spectrograph, so the ALTAIR PSF is sub-sampled by the NIFS spectral pixels. We found that guiding with NIFS+ALTAIR yields correction results that are largely consistent with the performance described on the ALTAIR pages, resulting in image quality of around 0.1-0.15" FWHM.

An upgrade to the ALTAIR adaptive optics system during late 2005 made available a Field Lens for ALTAIR AO observations. The field lens allows ALTAIR to deliver a higher and more uniform Strehl ratio across a larger field of view, and consequently improves the correction from ALTAIR in the NIFS field when guiding off-axis. The field lens MUST be used for NIFS+ALTAIR observations with the Laser Guide Star. For ALTAIR NGS, the field lens is recommended when the guide source is more than 5" off axis. More information concerning the field lens can be found on the ALTAIR field lens web-page.

Required ALTAIR Guide Star Characteristics: See the above table on this section for useful guide star separations and brightnesses for ALTAIR guide sources. See the ALTAIR pages for more detailed information on the guide performance vs. stellar magnitude for wavefront sensor stars. Also, the NIFS OT Details page has information on guide fields of view and configurations for NIFS+ALTAIR stars.

With AO and OIWFS

  ANNOUNCEMENT: January 2013 - OIWFS is not currently available due to a faulty sensor.

For each new instrument that is used with ALTAIR, an extensive model is generated at a range of elevations and rotator angles to remove the flexure between the Telescope-ALTAIR-Instrument system. While this model is very good at removing the vast majority of the system flexure, it is not perfect. The accuracy of the flexure compensation depends upon the deviation of the model from the true flexure for a given elevation and position of the rotator. Hence, some elevations/rotator positions have very accurate flexure compensation, while others deviate from the model. The typical flexure residuals for the NIFS+ALTAIR flexure model are small, ~0."10 to 0."15 RMS. However, when observing for long exposure sets for NIFS frames it is desirable to remove as much of the residual flexure as possible.

The NIFS instrument is equipped with an infrared On-Instrument Wavefront Sensor (OIWFS), which has the following technical properties:

  • Wavelength range: 0.95-2.5 microns (Z through K-band spectroscopy)
  • 2" diameter FOV
  • Steerable over 180" diameter field centered on NIFS
  • Image scale: 0."17/pixel
  • Filters: J, H & K
  • Detector: 1024x1024 HgCdTe HAWAII detector

Purpose of the OIWFS

Historically, the infrared OIWFSs were supposed to provide fast tip/tilt guiding in sky regions that did nothave a suitable optical wavefront sensor star for PWFS1 or PWFS2.However, unlike these scenarios for the NIRI and GNIRS OIWFSs, the NIFS OIWFS has been commissioned to be used solely in conjunction with ALTAIR adaptive optics and will only be used to provide slow flexure corrections.

The NIFS OIWFS can be used to remove as much of the residual 0.10-0.15"/hour from the NIFS+ALTAIR flexure model as possible. This allows for longer on-source observations of a science target with little residual flexure movement of the object. The performance of the NIFS+ALTAIR+OIWFS system has proven to be especially useful when taking observations with a bright star centered behind an occulting disk (seebelow figures). This mode may also help with precise re-centering of the science field following telescope motions (e.g. after a large offset and when a focal plane mask is being used).

When to use the OIWFS

Faint objects: If possible, the OIWFS should be used for long exposures (>∼300sec), to avoid smearing of the image by flexure during the integration. In particular, the OIWFS may be most useful for deep integrations where the science target or a reference source is not visible in a single exposure. By using the OIWFS, you can be more certain that the (invisible) target has remained in the same position in the NIFS field (modulo pointing offsets or dither patterns) during an observation sequence. This can be useful to allow accurate co-adding of exposures using the offset information directly, since you do not have a reliable reference source in each individual exposure.

Coronography: In this case, the OIWFS is critical to maintain the absolute position of the object in the NIFS field, behind the occulting disk. Note, however, that the OIWFS star cannot be on-axis.

Note that there is an additional acquisition overhead when using the OIWFS, so it should only be used if necessary (e.g. not for telluric standards).

The benefits of using an OIWFS star - less flexure movement of target

ALTAIR Only: NIFS + ALTAIR Observation with the 0."5 occulting disk, first image after acquisition is shown on the left. NIFS + ALTAIR Occulting Disk Observation, image 2 (on right) taken 30 minutes later, showing ~60mas of flexure movement since the beginning of the observation set.
ALTAIR+OIWFS: NIFS + ALTAIR + OIWFS Observation with the 0."5 occulting disk, first image after acquisition is shown on the left. On the right, an image taken 30 minutes later is shown. The ALTAIR+OIWFS guide configuration has resulted in very little flexure of the star behind the occulting disk during the observation set.

Accessible Field of View for OIWFS

The OIWFS is physically located below the NIFS pick-off arm, which vignettes a 25.4 arcsecond diameter circular region around the NIFS field centre, as well as a rectangular strip of 25.4 arcsecond width extending to the edge of the OIWFS field. This vignetted region is displayed as a red 'horseshoe' in the OT display tool. The vignetted region lies within the outer edge of this horseshoe.

When using ALTAIR without the field lens: In this case, the effective field of view of the OIWFS is limited to a 60" radius around the NIFS field centre. Due to the nature of the AO correction, stars will be elongated within the accessible field of the OIWFS, which may affect the OIWFS performance. For best flexure correction with OIWFS, it is recommended to use the field lens if a suitable guide source exists.

When using ALTAIR with the field lens: The ALTAIR field lens only corrects within an approximately 30" radius of the NIFS field. Furthermore, there is a vignetted region just outside this 30" limit due to the field lens mounting, but this vignetting is not well characterized, and is not represented in the OT overlays. OIWFS stars used outside the field lens limit will be elongated, and will not provide useful corrections. Therefore, when using the field lens, you must select an OIWFS star that is inside the 30" field lens limit.

Required Guide Star Characteristics: See the above table on this section for useful guide star separations and brightnesses for ALTAIR and the NIFS OIWFS. Note that the performance of the OIWFS also degrades as the distance between the OIWFS and AO guide sources increases, due to anisoplanatism.


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  • Step Three - Exclude a keyword. If you want to exclude certain cities and towns, you can enter the terms into this field.
  • Step Four – Include a year range. If you already have some dates or time-specific information for a relative, you can narrow your search results this way.
  • Step Five – Dictate which results are shown first, such as oldest, newest, or best matches.

Tips for Searching Washington Obituary Archives

If your relative had a commonly used name, it could be difficult to find the result you want. The challenge of discovering your ancestry is building a family tree that’s relevant to you.

It’s not uncommon to choose the wrong relative with a similar name. So, how do you find those elusive ancestors by searching the Washington obituary archives?

The majority of old obituaries include some basic family information. This information can fill in the gaps in your knowledge and enable you to fact-check those old obituaries later.

Our top tips for searching Washington obituary archives online include:

  • Use the information from more recent ancestors to find the correct obituary.
  • Search by initials. Older obituaries often mentioned the deceased by their initials.
  • Search for husband names when looking for a wife.
  • Search by date range and first/last name only to find Washington obituaries that may have been misheard or misspelled.

Using these techniques can help you to uncover ancestors that are difficult to find.

How can you find death notices in Washington

Death notices were typically published in newspapers at the time. They are dictated by the family members of those who were present at the time; therefore, the chances are they provide accurate information.

These tips can help when searching death notices for potential relatives:

  • Use advanced search techniques, including proximity and Boolean operators.
  • After performing a search, jump between collections.
  • Double-check multiple newspapers to ensure you have the right relative.
  • Look up the family members named in the death notice to confirm an ancestor.

Death notices and obituaries are both incredibly useful ways of uncovering your familial origins. However, no resource should ever be taken individually at face value.

Other Useful Collections To Try

Once you’ve overcome the joy of finding out your family history, make sure you seek other resources to trace your lineage before adding them to your family tree.

Download our free “Tips for Searching Newspapers” guide to learn more about uncovering Washington obits and more.


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Sunday, March 11, 2007

Digging for Cemetery records

I added online cemetery records to my "to-do" list for online resources that might lead me to the parents and ancestry of my Cornelia Bresee.

I chose the two major online cemetery repositories:

1) At, the Search box is real small in the left hand frame. I put in my Bresee/Brazie/Brazee/Brusie/Bries/Brees/Breese surname variations. You get a number of entries and list of cemeteries with those entries. To find the actual entries, you have to click the cemetery link and you get an alphabetized list of the gravestones, with the inscriptions. I found several death dates for people already in my database, but nothing that leads me to Cornelia's parents.

2) At, the Search box is centered well and is noticeable! I put in my surname variations. The results come 40 at a time - one line for each person. You can see the name, birth date, death date, and location for each person in the search results, but you have to click a link to see the list of the gravestones and the inscriptions in the cemetery.

It looks like has 14 million people listed, but has fewer - perhaps only 5 million. These are a fraction of the total number of graves, so there may be hope for me in published books or manuscripts. There were no cemeteries listed for these surnames in the counties around Albany NY where I've been searching.

Do you know of web sites with more cemetery records? If so, please let me know!

1 comment:

Miriam Robbins said...

Randy, I would check out transcribed cemeteries for the counties you want on the county genealogy websites at USGenWeb , The American History and Genealogy Project, and The American Local History Network. I'd also see what's available on Cyndi's List, both on her cemetery resources page, and the pages for local resources for the Albany area. Checking out local genealogical and historical societies and public and private archives may help uncover printed resources for local cemeteries as well. Good luck!


text:
Friday, August 31, 2007

Was Daniel Boone an Ancestor of Pat Boone?

I was reading an article about famous entertainers, and saw that Pat Boone has claimed to be a descendant of the famous wilderness explorer and Indian fighter, Daniel Boone. Pat Boone's Wikipedia entry - here - states that:

"Born in Jacksonville, Florida, Pat Boone has said that he is a direct descendant of the American pioneer Daniel Boone.[1] "

That stimulated my curiosity gene, so I decided to find out. No online biography that I found stated the names of Pat Boone's parents, but I figured someone in the Rootsweb WorldConnect database had posted his ancestry. Indeed, a search for "Pat Boone" revealed his parents names were Archie Altman Boone and Margaret Pritchard (not withstanding that Pat Boone is still alive - he's in this database, and probably others!).

Following the links in the WorldConnect data revealed an ancestry for Pat Boone from the famous Daniel Boone (by generation), using several contributed databases to find names, dates and places:

1. Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone -- born 1 June 1934 Jacksonville FL, married Shirley Foley 7 Nov 1953 in Nashville TN.

2. Archie Altman Boone -- born 6 Apr 1906 in FL, died 27 Jan 2000 in Nashville TN, married Margaret Pritchard, born 1910 in FL, died 20 Mar 2000 in Nashville TN.

3. Ernest Eugene Boone -- born Apr 1870 in ID, died 29 Mar 1962 in Nashville TN, married 1892 to Blanche Clanton.

4. Theodore B. Boone -- born 11 Oct 1844 in Kansas City MO, died 2 Nov 1917 in Tulare CA, married 24 Apr 1869 in Brownsville OR to Martha May, born Sep 1853 in IN.

5. Daniel Boone -- born 27 Mar 1809 in St. Charles County MO, married 19 Jan 1832 to Mary Constance Philabert, born 26 Sep 1814 in Maskinonge, Quebec.

6. Daniel Morgan Boone, born 23 Dec 1769 in Rowan County NC, died 13 Jun 1839 in Jackson county MO, married 2 Mar 1800 in St. Louis MO to Sarah Griffin Lewis, born 20 Jan 1786 in Culpepper County VA, died Jun 1850 in Jackson County MO.

7. Daniel Boone -- born 2 Nov 1734 in Berks County PA, died 26 Sep 1820 in St. Charles county MO, married 14 Aug 1756 in Rowan County NC to Rebecca Bryan, born 9 Jan 1738/9, died 18 Mar 1813.

If this line is correct, then Pat Boone IS a descendant of the famous Daniel Boone.

While trying to find more names, dates and places, I searched WorldConnect for most of the purported ancestors of Pat Boone. When I input his claimed grandfather, Ernest Eugene Boone, I got 39 hits (all for the same person) which fell into these groups:

* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore B. Boone and Martha May, married Blanche Clanton -- there are 16 entries
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore B. Boone and Martha Ray, married Blanche Clanton -- there are 8 entries.
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore B. Boone and Martha, married Blanch Clanton -- there are 2 entries
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore B. Boone and Martha Mauy, no spouse - there is 1 entry.
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore W. Boone and Martha Alice Thompson, married Blanch Clanton -- there are 3 entries
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of Theodore W. Boone and Martha Alice Thompson, married Etta Foy - there are 5 entries
* Ernest Eugene Boone, son of James W. Boone and Blanch Clanton, married to Etta Foy - there are 3 entries.
* Ernest Eugene Boone, no parents listed, no wife listed, - 1 entry.

There are many conflicts in those 39 entries - not the least of which is that there are three potential father's names, four potential mother's names, and two spouse's names for Ernest Eugene Boone.

I decided to search the census records, working backwards from Archie Boone, born in 1906, and Ernest Eugene Boone born around 1870.

* 1930, I can't find an Archie Boone born ca 1906 in FL or TN, or an Ernest Boone, that fits the data. There is an Ernest Boone in Canyon county ID with a wife Edna, but no son Archie boone, and no Archie Boone nearby.

* 1920 -- the family of Ernest E. (age 40, born CA) and Elta (age 40, born KY) Boone had a son Archie, age 13, born in TN, resided in Memphis, Shelby county, TN.

* 1910 -- the family of Ernest E. (age 33, born CA) and Etta (age 22, born KY) Boone had a son Archie (age 4, born TN), resided in Melrose, Curry County, NM.
* 1910 -- the family of Martha (age 56, born TN) resided in Caldwell, Canyon County, ID with several children, but none named Archie (or similar). Theodore W. Boone (age 65, born MO, divorced) resided in Owyhee County ID with no Boone children. A search for other Boone children in Idaho revealed none named Archie.

* 1900 -- Ernest Boone (age 21, born Dec 1878, born CA) resided with his aunt and uncle Wm and Emmi (or Bernice) Robinson, resided in Springfield, Sangamom County, IL.
* 1900 -- the family of Theodore W. (age 55, born Oct 1844 in MO) and Martha (age 46, born Sep 1853 in IN) had a son Ernest D. Boone (age 30, born Apr 1870 in ID), resided in East Caldwell, Canyon County, ID.

* 1880 -- the family of Wm (age 29, born KY) and Blanche (age 24, born KY) Boone had a son Ernest Boone (bage 1, born CA) resided in 7th District, Fresno county, CA.
* 1880 -- the family of Theodore (age 36, born MO) and Martha (age 29, born IN) had a son Earnest Boone (age 10, born ID), resided in Ada County, ID.

I chased these families back to 1850, but it was apparent to me that there were two Ernest Boone's in play here, and one of them had a son Archie and the other did not.

At this time, I checked again the three databases on Rootsweb WorldConnect that said Ernest Eugene Boone's parents were James W. Boone and Blanche Clanton. Almost all of the data in the three databases appear to be from one source - the "Pair Family" database by Elayne Pair Gibbons. An ahnentafel report for Ernest Eugene Boone is at Elayne does not include a son Archie for Ernest Eugene and Etta Lou (Foy) Boone.

However, the "My Family Roots -- ..." database submitted by Craig Snyder references Elayne Gibbons database, and provides an obituary for Ernest Eugene Boone, who died in 1962 in Nashville TN. The obituary is transcribed here, and notes that Ernest's wife was Etta Foy, his son is Archie Boone and his grandson is Pat Boone. This database shows a Living Boone as a child, with 4 Living Boone's as his children.

The third database, titled "Boone, Thompson ..." submitted by Geraldine Ingersoll has no sources and provides the name, birth date, death date and a bit of biography for Archie Altman Boone (see here), gives his wife's name and 4 Living Boone children.

If the data collected by Elayne Pair Gibbons and others is correct, then Pat Boone's patrilineal line is:

1. Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone -- born 1 June 1934 Jacksonville FL, married Shirley Foley 7 Nov 1953 in Nashville TN.

2. Archie Atman Boone -- born 6 Apr 1906 in FL, died 27 Jan 2000 in Nashville TN, married 6 Oct 1932 to Margaret Pritchard, born 1910 in FL, died 20 Mar 2000 in Nashville TN.

3. Ernest Eugene Boone -- born 9 Dec 1878 in CA, died 29 Mar 1962 in Nashville TN, married 25 Dec 1901 in Hickman county KY to Etta Lou Foy, born ca 1880 in KY.

4. William James Boone, born 22 May 1851 in Graves County KY, died 2 May 1904 in Fulton county KY, married before 1875 to Anna Blanche Clanton, born ca 1854 in KY.

5. James Boone, born ca 1810 in TN, died in Graves County KY, married before 1842 to Catherine Latta, born 5 Nov 1813 in Maury County TN, died 22 Nov 1875 in Graves County KY.

6. Bryant Boone, born 15 Dec 1789, died 21 Jan 1837 in Fulton County KY; married Mary, born ca 1788.

7. James Boone (perhaps?) and Mary Hare (perhaps) of Hertford County NC - see Craig Snyder's notes for Bryant Boone's ancestry here.

Even though I don't have a complete set of the sources searched and cited by Elayne Gibbons and Craig Snyder, it is very apparent to me that their research and analysis is probably correct as to Pat Boone's patrilineal ancestry. The databases correlate well to the census data and the obituary for Ernest Eugene Boone. My compliments to Elayne Gibbons for getting it right.

The rest of the databases in the Rootsweb WorldConnect that purport to trace Pat Boone's ancestry back to Daniel Boone are very likely wrong. I notes that the sources cited by some of the erroneous databases were two books:

1. Title: Roots of the Rich and Famous
Author: Robert Davenport
Publication: Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Co., 1998
Repository: Note: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

2. Title: The Boone Family
Author: Hazel Atterbury Spraker
Publication: 1922 (reissued by Genealogical Publishing Company, 1993)Repository: Note: Library of Congress

I have not read these books, so I am not sure that they provide genealogy data from Daniel Boone down to Pat Boone, although I guess that "Roots of the Rich and Famous" probably does.

After about 3 hours of chasing this down using online resources, my conclusion is that:

Pat Boone is NOT a direct descendant of Daniel and Rebecca (Bryan) Boone. However, he may be a relative of Daniel Boone through an earlier Boone ancestor - the records for the correct Boone line don't go back far enough.

Why did I pursue this with such detail and fervor? Read my next post! By the way, this was FUN!

Carole B. (aka: avelyn) said...

In my research of ancestors in Northern Kentucky and Southern Indiana, Boone is a surname that pops up over and over again. I know that his brother, Squire Boone, settled in Harrison Co., In. and the Squire Boone Cavern tour is a popular place to visit.
There are many active Boone family researchers on the web>Daniel Boone Descendents:
Another "Daniel Boone Descendents:
The Boone Society, Inc.:
These are just the first three I came across, I have no doubt there are many more. Every state he ever lived has some kind of homested or battle site. His life wasn't a Disney movie but it certainly was interesting and often tragic.
I'm sure Pat Boone was told while growing up that he was related. How many of us have heard stories about an ancestor by a Grandparent or other family member only to find during research that the family lore is incorrect?
C. Beringer

Anonymous said...

Thanks for sharing! My husband's family claims to be related to Daniel Boone, but I have not been able to prove it. If anything, I've disproven it. Maybe the information you posted (along with avelyn's comment) will help in my research. Thanks!

Anonymous said...

It doesn't seem to me that Daniel Boone was an ANCESTOR of Pat Boone. However, they probably are cousins. Most of the Kentucky Boones are related, but not necessarily closely related. I am in the same situation. I discovered Daniel Boone to be a cousin. I already knew he wasn't an ancestor, as my ancestors never left North Carolina, although Boone is one of my ancestral surnames. I never expected him to be, and no one told me he was, but he popped up.

Terry said...

I also am a "Daniel Boone cousin". My ancestor James Webb married his father's sister, Mary (and this is directly traceable)
T. Adams, Ky.

Anonymous said...

Mr. Seaver,
Like you, I tried to trace Pat Boone back to Daniel Boone. You obviously put more effort into it than I did, but I did not find the same names that you listed. I have a different person listed for Pat Boone's grandfather. Could I send you the names that I found to compare?
Thanks, Marion

Anonymous said...

Wow... you did out a lot of effort into this!! Daniel Boone is also a cousin if mine... My grandmother told me and my father and aunt use to go around pretending they were Daniel Boone!!!

Unknown said...

My 5th Great Grandfather was Edward Boone, older brother of Daniel Boone, this topic got me interested so I too did some research on the relationship of Pat Boone to Daniel Boone, all my research has either or all records(birth, marriage, census, land)this is what I came up with

Daniel Boone- Rebecca Bryan
Daniel Morgan Boone-12/23/1769
Sarah Griffin Lewis
married 3/2/1800

Daniel Boone-3/27/1809
Mary Constance Philabert
married 1/19/1832

Theodore Warner Boone-10/11/1844
Martha Alice Thompson

Earnest Boone-born Apr. 9th. 1870
Edna Jones
married Sep 20th 1905

Archie Altman Boone-born Apr. 6th. 1906
Margaret V Pritchard
married Aug 6th. 1932

Charles E. Boone (Pat Boone)
Florida State Census, 1867-1945 for the year 1935
A.A. Boone and Margaret Boone and child Charles E. Boone

If this information is correct, then Pat Boone is a 5th Great Grandchild of Daniel Boone, this info I got from the marriage, birth and census records,
just thought I would add my 2 cents worth

Kat said...

I would just like to draw everybody's attention to an article in the (NC) High Country Press discussing Pat Boone's links to North Carolina. It includes an interview with Trish Boone, the wife of Pat's brother Nick, who says she is a "keen family genealogist." But she can't find the documentation back to Daniel Boone because "an old courthouse in Hertford County burned down." (Where have I heard that one before?)

Of particular interest here though is the first reader comment from a Mary Louise Gossum who says she is Pat's second cousin -- their grandfathers were brothers. She says a DNA test has established that they are NOT descendants of Daniel Boone, but are instead descended through the Isle of Wight, VA Boon(e) family. If this is true, it seems pretty definitive that Pat Boone is not descended from Daniel Boone. I suspect that that relationship is very much a part of his identity though and that he will never admit the truth.

Anonymous said...

My fourth great-grandmother is Mary(Boone) Bryan, the sister of Daniel Boone.

St. Blogwen said...

@Terry "I also am a "Daniel Boone cousin". My ancestor James Webb married his father's sister, Mary (and this is directly traceable)
T. Adams, Ky."

Double-check your records. The information I have is that Mary Boone, sister to Daniel's brother Squire and Daniel's aunt, was the wife of John Webb. James was one of their sons, and as best evidence shows, was married to a Mary Matthews. You'd still be a Daniel Boone 1st cousin X-times removed, but through a slightly longer route. And we'd be (distant!) cousins, too, me tracing my lineage through John Webb and Mary Boone's son George.

Phoebe said...

@St. Blogwen Terry is right well partly right it was John Webb that married his father's sister not James. It was Daniel's fathers sister Mary that was married to John Webb so Mary would be Daniel's Aunt. The only thing that Terry had wrong was he said James and it was John.

I have a copy of a book by my great-grand uncle Clayton Webb that confirms his grandfathers name was John Webb.

Anonymous said...

Daniel Boone is my great Uncle,Hannah Boone is my great grandmother

Hanna said...

OK guys..... have traced my husbands dna back to Hannah Boone (D's sister), I'd love to see others ! Want to compare ydna?? My hubbie has always been accused of looking like Pat Boone, the resemblance is amazing, when you view the pic of Daniel Boone the family resemblence is huge. The reason for all this research is because husband here is adopted, great fella , just wanted to get some family roots before we get much older :) Lets hear from you....

Anonymous said...

i've been told all my life we are kin to Daniel Boone, recently my dad passed away, in his paper work is a gen tree, putting us in the 9th generation, so i havent read through it all, but just curious other then the history, is there any claims to being kin, any royalty? lost money,

Joyce said...

I am the 5th grand niece of Daniel Boone, his brother Edward Boone was my 5th great grandfather. Daniel and Edwards wife's were sisters(Bryan) they were related to King and queens. J.m.reed sims

Anonymous said...

I descended from Squire Boone, Jr. Daniel's younger brother. A cousi went to the Mormon archives and traced our lineage.

Unknown said...

I am a direct descendant of Israel Boone, Daniel Boone's brother. There is an excellent book-"Boone: A Biography"-by Robert Morgan that traces, among other things, the migration of the early Boones and Morgans to this country. In addition, G
oogle on Boonecroft to see one of the ancestral Boone homes in PA. If you are a descendant of Israel Boone and would like to share information, I'm at

volarekathy said...

I am a descendant of a brother of Daniel Boone [Samuel Boone (b. 1728) who married Sarah Day], and a sister of Daniel Boone [Mary Boone (b. 1736) who married Capt. William Bryan]. There is a good book about the Boones called "The Boone Family" by Hazel Atterbury Spraker. However, I have noticed that it does have a few errors in it. There is lots of genealogical information on the Boones at

volarekathy said...

Someone was asking about a connection to a royal line. So far, the only royal connection I have been able to find is this. If you are descended from Mary Boone who married William BRYAN, there is a royal connection through her husband: the Bryan line. The following is greatly shortened, but it goes: Bryan - Bourchier - Anne Plantagenet - Thomas of Woodstock Plantagenet - Edward III Plantagenet, King of England.

By the way, the Bryan side is related to the famous William Jennings Bryan, a Congressman who also ran for president and who was a great defender of the Christian faith.

Mary Boone (sister of Daniel) is my 10th GG. Edward III is my 17th GG through the Bryan line.

Sarah A. Bryan Bradley married H M Gibson
Sarah Anne Bryan Bradley was daughter of Sarah Bryan Grimes & Terry J. Bradley, Sr
Sarah Bryan Grimes mar. Terry Joseph Bradley, Sr
Sarah Bryan Grimes was the daughter of James Grimes and Sarah (Sallie) Bryan.
Sarah (Sallie) Bryan was the daughter of Mary Boone and William Bryan.
William Bryan was the son of Morgan Bryan.
Morgan Bryan was the son of Sir Francis Bryan III.
William Smith Bryan
Sir Francis Bryan II
Sir Francis Bryan I, 1490 - 1550 (wore eyepatch)
and so on.
When you get to Sir Francis Bryan I, - not such a good guy, but that is not our fault. A friend of Henry VIII. I guess in any genealogy, you will find people you are not proud of. But Sir Francis Bryan I does trace his genealogy back to royalty, through his mother's side (Lady Margaret Bourchier). Also, she was governess to Henry VIII's children.

fifthaly5 said...

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Unknown said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said...

frontier Daniel Boone is my 8x great grandfather.
I was wonder about Clyde Randall (goes by randy) Boone nephew of pat Boone
from My research Daniel Boone had no son earnest.
randy i don't know how we are related but Anne Mae Burks is my great grandma

Unknown said...

I to am a cousin to Daniel Boone. Actually a double cousin as it were. Mary Boone Squires Sister was my GGGGGgrandmother and one of Mary and John Webbs descendants Isaiah Webb married Savilla Boone who was an descendant of Samuel Boone.. Mary and Squires Brother:))

Alan said...

My grandmother's uncle, Milton Brooks Scott, was a member of the Association of Descendants of Daniel Boone. I was skeptical in part because his wife, Ora Hilling, was supposed to be a descendant of Betsy Ross. I have yet to confirm the Betsy Ross connection, but I have discovered that the link to Daniel Boone is real. He is my 6x great uncle. I traced back from Squire Maugridge Boone and his mother was Mary Milton Maugridge, married to George Boone III. Her mother was Mary Milton, married to John Maugridge. Mary Milton was the daughter of Mary Powell, married to John Milton, the author of Paradise Lost.

Unknown said...

Fascinating question, im a relative Daniel Boone, im from Sarah Boone, DNA my aunt Mary Russell passed, so im related also, and my grandfather Arnold Edwin Love clicks all way online somebody else put there related to Sarah Boone making Daniel Boone like an uncle.
Sarah Morgan mom Daniel Boone, Sarah Boone, Samuel Boone, etc, is related to Kings and Queens of Wales and Ireland, including Prince of Wales, Cormach mac Urb, King of Ireland, Magog, Adam, God, Jesus, Mary Magdeline, House of Anjou, House of Flanders, William the Conqueror, Charlemagne 1 -3rd, House of Anpinn, Malcolm 3rd, Scota, Alexander the great, Cleopatra 1st of Egypt, Ptolemy, Magnus Maximus of Rome, Roman Duke last, Saints, Saint Kings, Queens, princes, princesses, and a lot more, whole of Britain, Denmark, all Vikings, etc.

Unknown said...

103 BCE Sarah Morgan line extendeds fascinating journey, related to the Tudors, through the North Chamberlain of Wales, Llewellyn the Great, King Edward 1st, Daniel Boone is a direct descendant King Edward the 1st so are us all!

Unknown said...

my name is John Love (1982)

B. Erica. Boone, Santa Ana, CA said...

Responding to “Kat said”....
My dad did DNA testing in 2010 and Daniel is my 8th generation uncle (we are direct to his brother Squire). Anyway, the report at the time from the testing lab in Dallas, Tx said we are not related to actor Pat Boone, but are related to actor Richard Boone. My aunt has since passed away and we are desperately looking for that report.

Thank you all for your input on this post! Very very helpful.

R.W. Merrifield said...

Richard W. Merrifield, Hampstead, NC

Hello cuz. Like you I am not a directly related to Daniel but I am in direct lineage to his sister Rachel Boone who married my three times great-grandfather Alexander Hamilton Merrifield who were the parents of Col. Fielding Merrifield (credited with the development of the American Saddlebred) who was the father of Lt. William Jefferson Merrifield who served under Col. Fannin in the Texas Revolution and was murdered by Santa Anna's men at Goliad, Texas after Fannin surrendered his entire command without firing a shot.

Samuel and John Merrifield are credited with the founding of Dallas. They were William's brothers.

Thanks for the update on Richard Boone.

volarekathy said...

Appreciate your ancestor's contribution to the independence of Texas in 1836 and sorry he was with the ill-fated soldiers under Col. James Fannin at Goliad. Gen. Urrea was not planning to kill the Texians, but Santa Anna sent orders for them to be executed. Only a handful survived, by escaping into the woods by a creek during the execution. Hope Texas continues to be part of the United States and not taken back by Mexico.

As a former owner of Quarter Horses, I was interested in your ancestor, Col. Fielding Merrifield who developed the American Saddlebred Horses.

Unknown said...

The reply on September 21, 2019 at 12:26 pm saying I'm not sure if I'm doing this in the right place I wanted to sign my name incase someone needs my family name to check anything, Elizabeth Marie (Hall) Stebelton. I also thought it interesting my dad's name was William Jennings Bryant Hall.

Unknown said...

How damned old are you. I'm 67 and Daniel is my 5th great uncle.

Unknown said...

Daniel IS my 5th great uncle. My grandfather was Lee no one his father James Fletcher his father Jesse his father George his father Edward which was Daniels brother

Unknown said...

I'm making a correction to the above message. My grandfather's name was lewboone I should have proofread the first post

Unknown said...

I too am a descendant of the Boone family. Edward Morgan Boone (1740-1780), Daniel Boone's brother, is my 6th GG. Edward was killed during the Revolutionary War by Native Americans (likely Cherokee) allied with the British.
The Boone line also goes back to royalty, through the Norman line of de Bohun, the ancestral name for Boone.

Unknown said...

I too am the granddaughter of Edward Neddy Boone. He is my 5th great grandfather

Mike66604 said...

I would be interested in more information about the Webb family that were related to Daniel Boone. My grandfather Floyd Webb used to claim he was a relative of Boone, but then he also claimed to be related to Loretta Lynn (Webb)

Anonymous said...

Archie Altman Boone, Pat Boone’s father, is my 11th cousin.

Daniel Boone is the husband of my 8th cousin, 5 times removed (Rebecca Ann Bryan) and it is possible that the 2 Boone men could have been cousins.

Craig Snyder said...

Daniel Boone is my 5th great grandfather. I descend through his youngest son, Nathan Boone. I, too, heard my mom say that I was a descendant for years but couldn't quite figure out the exact linage until the early 2000’s. See an excerpt from my mom’s high school essay telling the story and you can see where the search began for me -

Vicky said...

American Boone family are descendants of Humphrey De Bohun who had Davidic roots. The name was changed to Boone. This explains why Pat Boone loves Israel and the Jewish faith. Squire Boone Daniel Boone's father and mother were Quakers. George Fox started the Quakers. His mother was a Sephardic Jew. Squire Boone was friends with Mordecai Lincoln, Lincoln's father. Mordecai is a Jewish name. Moredecai and Squire were kicked out of the Quaker church in Oley Valley, Pennsylvania because their daughters married outside the church. They moved to Shenandoah Valley in Virginia.

DueDiligence said...

Daniel Boone is my 1st Cousin, 7 times removed. Or to put it another way, Daniel Boone's paternal Grandfather is my 7th Great-Grandfather. I had heard of the Pat Boone relationship but have never been able to trace it one way or the other. The problem is due to incomplete records. After Pat's 3rd Great Grandfather, Bryant, there do not appear to be records clearly identifying exactly who his 4th Great Grandfather is.

Robin Caldwell said...

I had to add my info as well regarding Daniel. The famous Nancy Hart (My 5th great Grandma) was a cousin of Daniel Boone, who's mother was Sarah Morgan. (Sister of her father, Thomas Morgan )Nancy & Daniel played together growing up. So Daniel Boone is our cousin, 5th removed! Here's more~ We also have famous war General and two Senators, in our family tree!

Robin Caldwell said...

The famous Patriot Nancy Hart was my 5th great grandma, who was a first cousin to Daniel Boone, who's mother was Sarah Morgan. (Sister of her father, Thomas Morgan )They played together growing up. So Daniel Boone is our cousin, 5th removed! Here's more~ We also have famous war General and two Senators, in our family tree!

Unknown said...

Daniel Boone is my 6x Great Grandpa, Jacob Boone had a daughter Annah Boone who married Capt. Thomas Nicholson ,the Ross name shows up in our family alot, my dad's middle name was Ross. His Name is Robert Ross Nicholson Born 1917 died 1999. Most of our family lived in Maysville ky.


text:
So, a judge, the General Union, and the Takatsuki Board of Education walk into a court room (stop me if you think you've heard this one before). The judge turns to the Board of Education and says...

Well, actually, perhaps we need a bit of background information first.

As you may recall, the General Union filed an unfair labor practices case against the Takatsuki Board of Education after they refused to allow union members to attend graduation ceremonies in retaliation for joining the union.

Naturally, we won the case hands down. However, the Board of Education maintained the argument that the teachers "weren’t employees" but were actually "international volunteers".

Therefore (so the twisted logic goes), the Board of Education did not have to allow them to attend the graduation ceremonies at all.

So there.

Yes, the Board of Education was really trying to claim that the union members were volunteers - volunteers with employment contracts, salaries, and even a ruling from the Labour Bureau (which upheld their employment status and ordered their enrolment in employee insurances).

Not knowing when to quit, the Board of Education - unwilling to accept the labour commission’s judgment - sued the Osaka Prefectural Labour Commission at the Osaka District Court, demanding that the Labour Commission's verdict (that employees are not volunteers) be overturned.

Yep, it was the same old argument as always.

Hey, it didn't work before, but the Board of Education has been nothing if not tenacious. Maybe this time would be different?

Maybe not. At the latest hearing, we sensed the judge was losing patience.

Anyway, the judge turns to the Takatsuki Board of Education and says:

"If the union members are not employees, please tell me the relationship - the LEGAL relationship - that the Board of Education has with these teachers. It is a city government, so they must be paid somehow, and I’m sure they’re not paid out of the mayor's own pocket money."

The lawyer was left speechless while the judge chuckled to himself after nicely summarising the entire case in two sentences.

Has the Takatsuki Board of Education finally learned its lesson?

Will they stop wasting taxpayers money on frivolous court cases and just accept responsibility?

Only time will tell.

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