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MAN3645 Recruitment&Retention III
Credit Points: 15
MAN2120 Organisational Behaviour II
MAN2145 Human Resource Management

Recruitment, selection and retention decisions have a critical impact upon all systems within an organisation. Recruiting, selecting and retaining  good staff is critical to maintain business viability. This unit focuses on recruitment, selection and retention as a process and as a strategy which can benefit the organisation as a whole.

Throughout the unit practical applications will be examined alongside theoretical principles underlying recruitment, selection and retention practices. Experiential learning is the foundation of course learning process.

Full Unit Outline

This Unit is part of the following Courses / Unit Sets
MAAAAOHuman Resource Management Major
MIAAAGHuman Resource Management Minor
Disability Standards for Education (Commonwealth 2005)
For the purposes of considering a request for Reasonable Adjustments under the Disability Standards for Education (Commonwealth 2005), inherent requirements for this subject are articulated in the Unit Description, Learning Outcomes, Graduate Attributes and Assessment Requirements of this entry. The University is dedicated to provide support to those with special requirements. Further details on the support for students with disabilities or medical conditions can be found at the Student Equity, Diversity and Disability Service website:

Last Updated - Higher Education: 15/03/2012 VET: 15/03/2012


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Sitting just north half a mile off of the #1 Highway is a half section of good, cultivated lands. 320 +/- acres on two separate titles, currently zoned Agricultural general. Minutes from both Strathmore and Chestermere there is easy access off the #1 highway to Range Road 270. NE quarter is land-locked behind the NW quarter.

For more information call Shawn Hansen (403) 540-9659, or Wyatt Hansen (403) 336-4300

  • Wheatland County, Alberta

3D Tour Link: here.

Property Features

  • Development
  • Farming
  • Investment

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Hapco Philadelphia has seen rental owners get out of the affordable rental housing market due to years of city regulation, costs, and fees.  Not to mention all the unpaid rent from the eviction moratorium.

So, just when a new Philly pilot program gets underway to encourage developers to include low-to-moderate-income housing in their developments, more complications.


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Loading Events

« All Events

Sherri Jackson Band

December 29 @ 6:30 pm 9:30 pm

Sherri Jackson’s sound comes from an old soul, rich in vibrato, emotion and power. A tapestry weaving together folk, blues, jazz, rock and country that has been compared to Linda Ronstadt, Stevie Nicks, Chrissie Hynde and Melissa Etheridge.

Her vocals are deeply resonating, striking a chord within you that only music can touch. She makes the song her own by blending her unique vocal range with a powerful belt that hits you from out of nowhere, making her performances soul-stirring and infectious.

10 Keith Avenue, Unit 403
Collingwood, ON L9Y 0W5 Canada
+ Google Map
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don’t forget

NYE 2023


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SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition

$109.95 USD
Color: Silver / White
Memory Foam Tips (Airpods Pro):

The SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition is a compact and powerful, 5-in-1 wireless charging station for iPhone, Apple Watch, AirPods Pro, AirPods with Wireless Charging Case, iPad, and MacBook Air. Having three independent wireless charging coils, one USB-C PD port, and one USB-A port, the SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition enables charging for up to 5 devices simultaneously. The optional Stand Kit helps declutter your desktop and allows you to unlock your iPhone using Face ID at any time.

Tech Specs

Premium fabric covers
Aircraft grade aluminum body
No-slip grip rubber feet

Qi Wireless 1: 10W Max
Qi Wireless 2: 10W Max
Verified & optimized for iPhones 8 or later: 7.5W
USB-C port: 18W Max
USB-A Port: 10W Max
Apple Watch Charging: 5W Max

DC 12V/4A

iPhone 8 or later
Samsung Galaxy S7 or later
Apple Watch 1/2/3/4/5
and other Qi-compatible devices

Dimensions & Weight
170 x 85 x 15.5 mm
6.69 x 3.3 x 0.61 in
232 g / 8.18 oz

Included in the box
1 x SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition Base
1 x 3rd-Party Apple Watch Charger
1 x 48W AC Power Adapter with 6.5ft / 2m cable
4 x Plug Adapter (US/JP/CN, UK, EU, AUS)

Shipping & CUSTOM DUTY

We will deliver the goods within 48 hours on weekdays and upload the tracking number within 72 hours on weekdays. You can check Shipping Policy for more information.

Once your parcel produced the CUSTOM DUTY, please contact us as soon as possible.

All products provide a one-year guarantee quality after-sales service. If there is any quality issue, please send the related image or video to

U.S. 30-day returns

U.S. 7-day delivery

1-year warranty

Wireless, Effortless, and Boundless

The SliceCharge 3 series is designed to replace most of the chargers and charging cables on your desktop. We hope to simplify your daily charging experience, save your workspace, and leave you with more time to enjoy your life.

Power 5 devices at the same time

In addition to supporting wireless charging for iPhone, AirPods, and Apple Watch all at once, the SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition is also equipped with an 18W USB-C port and a 10W USB-A port to power your iPad, MacBook Air, mobile power bank, and other portable devices.

Rotatable watch stand

The watch stand can be adjusted by up to 90 degrees to perfectly match different watch straps. When adjusted to horizontal position, it allows the SliceCharge 3 Watch Edition to wirelessly charge two phones simultaneously.

Choose your own charging position

We use a magnetic attraction design to connect the charging pad and the stand. This design allows the SliceCharge 3 to switch between flat and nightstand modes at will. It also allows the AirPods stand to be easily installed and removed. We also provide hidden cable buckles to help you organize the cables.

Smarten up your desktop

The SliceCharge 3 series uses fabrics, leather, aluminum alloy, and zinc alloy of high quality. The unique combination of luxurious materials is crafted to provide simplistic design, comfortable touch, and effective heat dissipation.

Wholehearted package design

With Apple fans in mind, we have developed custom packaging that enhances the experience of unboxing one of these treasures. The Package also includes a 6.5ft/2m power adapter with US/JP/CN, EU, UK, AUS plug converters to satisfy the needs of users worldwide.

Customer Reviews

Based on 136 reviews
Lovely package amazing products.

I love cats so when I opened the package saw the cat card, it was impressed me favourably! You can refer the photos I took below.
And the most important part is this product can charge my iPad, Macbook, iPhone 11 and AirPods Pro at the same time! How amazing product it is!
I'm going to order one more for my friend, his birthday is coming. I think he'll love it too.

Johnson L.
Will recommend to everyone!

My friend ordered one last month,I've tried it at his house.Then I quickly ordered mine.I can't tell you how much I love it.And I will recommend to all of my friends of this products!

Leo S.
Great products.

It's a best product I've ever used,love it.The package looks so beautiful,so i keep it.The charger can charger many devices at the same time that I don't have to use many chargers anymore.Thank you for the such amazing products :)

Jesscia C.
Amazing products for Apple users!

I got this products few days ago,and I already tried with this for a couple nights.Now I have to let you guys know,it's aaaaamazing!I don't need to use so many adapters and cables to charge my iPhone、Apple Watch and Airpods anymore now.And I found that this charger is very convenient for the people who travel on vaction and on business.Because it has four adapters comes with box.I gonna order another onefor my parents.They're using Apple devices.I'm sure they'll love it!

Joshua A.
Exactly as expected and brilliantly crafted

This has seriously eliminated almost all power cables for my Watch, Phone and AirPods. And with one USB A and one USB C ports on the back as well?? Unbelievable.


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Your privacy is important to Hard Cider Labs. So we have developed a privacy policy that covers how we collect, use, disclose, transfer, and store your information. Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with our privacy practices and let us know if you have any questions.

Personal information is data that can be used to identify or contact a single person.

You may be asked to provide your personal information anytime you are in contact with Hard Cider Labs or an Hard Cider Labs affiliated company. Hard Cider Labs and its affiliates may share this personal information with each other and use it consistent with this Privacy Policy. They may also combine it with other information to provide and improve our products, services, content, and advertising. You are not required to provide the personal information that we have requested, but, if you chose not to do so, in many cases we will not be able to provide you with our products or services or respond to any queries you may have.

- The personal information we collect allows us to keep you posted on Hard Cider Labs' latest product announcements, software updates, and upcoming events.

- We also use personal information to help us create, develop, operate, deliver, and improve our products, services, content and advertising, and for loss prevention and anti-fraud purposes.

- We may use your personal information, to verify identity, assist with identification of users, and to determine appropriate services.

We also collect data in a form that does not, on its own, permit direct association with any specific individual. We may collect, use, transfer, and disclose non-personal information for any purpose. The following are some examples of non-personal information that we collect and how we may use it:

- We may collect information such as occupation, language, zip code, area code, unique device identifier, referrer URL, location, and the time zone where an Hard Cider Labs Product is used so that we can better understand customer behavior and improve our products, services, and advertising.

- We may collect information regarding customer activities on our website, streaming services and from our other products and services. This information is aggregated and used to help us provide more useful information to our customers and to understand which parts of our website, products, and services are of most interest. Aggregated data is considered non-personal information for the purposes of this Privacy Policy.

- We may collect and store details of how you use our services, including search queries. This information may be used to improve the relevancy of results provided by our services. Except in limited instances to ensure quality of our services over the Internet.

If we do combine non-personal information with personal information the combined information will be treated as personal information for as long as it remains combined.

If you have any questions or concerns about Hard Cider Labs' Privacy Policy or data processing or if you would like to make a complaint about a possible breach of local privacy laws, please contact us by email:

Hard Cider Labs may update its Privacy Policy from time to time. When we change the policy in a material way, a notice will be posted on our website along with the updated Privacy Policy.


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Payday loan No Credit score assessment | Quick cash Out of $255

Payday loan No Credit score assessment | Quick cash Out of $255

Pay day loan on line

These payday loan helps you get the currency out quickly in order to begin on path to economic independence. It’s one of many shorter payday loans tips, will long-lasting 3-5 weeks. Thus giving the possible opportunity to get cash advance zero credit evaluate they boosts the entire process of getting dollars. Although this money advance is not bucks, it’s basically considered the quickest.

Take a look at Mortgage Service $25, $50. Online credit cards, cash advances, and money progress finance is a familiar style of replacement pay day loan. This type of mortgage options help you to get instant cash to repay balance or improve necessary currency payments. Discover couples charge for almost all of these pay day loan procedures, though there are several that will be required. Have a look at loaners, payday loan, cash advance, playing cards, and playing cards are easy to learn so you can consumers, and there is shorter supervision and acceptance necessary when you need to utilize them. Payday loans On line $twenty-five, $50.

Getting online payday loans try quick dominating,that will be generally on account of be paid in this a few weeks. These types of money is actually arranged for those who need quick, effortless bucks to hold them more up until pay-day. Pay day loan providers ensure it is an easy task to become approved and you can found the fund, nonetheless they generally speaking fees highest rates of interest into benefits and you can straight down borrowing requirements.

This really is a dependable bank that gives quick and simple cash finance, protected and you may unsecured. Such financing is safeguarded by your house or automobile, you can also generate an advance loan or take over any the mortgage to fund your next monthly payment. These services can include home loan, car, otherwise domestic guarantee financing.

Pay day loan terms and conditions

Payday loans will be a good alternative for people that you want bucks quickly. New fund are usually for under three months and want to be paid off in this a few weeks. Immediately after cash advance is covered by a charge card or perhaps the lender, they be entirely self-retaining.

This means zero charge, zero focus, without need to pay off the equilibrium punctually. By far the most advantageous way of getting cash is today, most readily useful payday loans online no credit assessment, so that you try guaranteed to get cash to your lender membership. The fresh pay day loan rates would be variable, however they you need only be put according to consult which can be adjusted. Once you borrow cash out of a pay-day financial, you’ll end up questioned to show evidence of funds which can were a or a bank statement in the financial that you take.

You can get purchased playing with pay day loan close myself no credit check on the web for a month, and you will use these money both for repeating and low-repeating motives. You can also get taken care of using spend payday loans to own around 90 days, and then you will need to initiate applying for payday loans once again. This new pay-day loan providers typically include people costs, penalties, and you may notice charge, so you might have to view one another the loan words and you will the fresh new fines you to affect you to observe much you can easily spend.

After you pay a loan which have an instant payday loan, we should instead gather payment on the lender, while the government enjoys limited how you can assemble money by checking an address. There are a few conditions to those shell out-what-you prefer terminology, and they make an application for specific situations for example purchasing that loan inside the monthly payments and/otherwise a cash loan.

If you have a fantastic debt, like the price of auto insurance or scientific expense, you will need to have fun with fees asking and just about every other money your loan requires on how best to be paid right back more easily and easily. The lending company pays desire when you spend a loan getting doing a month. You have to pay money with the lender every time you pay your statement, though it’s merely $60. You will want to monitor just how much you truly spend because it’s deducted from your financing every month.

hes goal vip box ytmp3 123 movies 123 movies


text: Feed your sense of daring and adventure at this rooftop bar/restaurant overlooking Asia’s gem, Bangkok. Perched 61 floors above the city on the roof of the sultry Banyan Tree Hotel, Vertigo and its Moon Bar are tops for great views, and for trading the sub-zero climate of air conditioned bars for gentle breezes. They’re less good for staying dry in the wet season though, since there’s no roof. A chic open-air lounge popular with the cocktail-drinking glamour set and Amex carrying ex-pats, the restaurant does good barbecued seafood and boasts some excellent signature dishes, such as grilled sea bass with citrus salsa and cilantro. They grill a pretty good steak too, and there’s a decent vegetarian menu, but mostly you’re here for the drink and scenery. Take a seat at any of the white linen-covered tables and you’ll get a stunning view whichever way you turn. Bangkok’s cityscape, the winding Chao Phraya River and the soccer ball sun sinking below the horizon are best enjoyed with a glass of fine Cristal, or wine and cocktails. Their signature drink is the Vertigo Sunset Malibu, a splash or cranberry juice, plenty of pineapple juice and a squeeze of lime. The price tags are somewhat hefty, and there’s a dress code to keep the riff raff out – so no shorts, sleeveless tops or flip flops, but your Harden cashmere clothes will be perfect. There’s a telescope for stargazing and live jazz is laid on most evenings too. There can be few more romantic gestures than whisking your date up here for a glass of top notch bubbly high above the bustling streets of Bangkok–just check that they’re OK with heights first.


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Spotlight: #Bridgerton Special Edition Book Box

Posted April 5th, 2022 by in Blog / 2 comments

Dearest Reader,

I have just received the most extraordinary package from Once Upon a Book Club and I can not wait to show you more of this exquisite Bridgerton special addition box.

About Once Upon A Book Club:

OUABC offers a unique, interactive reading experience that allows readers to ‘become’ the character(s), holding items they are holding and bringing the book itself to life.

The gifts included in the box will have page numbers attached to them and are strategically designed around something that is mentioned in the book. Readers are not meant to open the gift until they have reached that particular page.

Bridgerton Volume 2 box

OUABC just announced, The highly anticipated Bridgerton Volume 2 box will feature the final four titles in the Bridgerton collection including To Sir Phillip, With Love, When He Was Wicked, It’s in His Kiss, and On the Way to the Wedding.

  • In addition to the four gorgeous editions, readers will also receive a collection of eight wrapped gifts (two per book) to open as they read.
  • These items will be stunningly detailed and can be used in your daily lives to remind each reader of the romance that consumed them while reading of the Bridgerton love stories.
  • Boxes will also include a signed bookmark from author, Julia Quinn, in addition to a few extra goodies.

The Volume 1 Specialeditions

The Duke and I, The Viscount Who Loved Me, An Offer From a Gentleman, and Romancing Mister Bridgerton will be reprised for all those looking to complete their collections. All details from the original editions will be included, even the signature from author, Julia Quinn within The Duke and I.

The Volume 1 book editions will be available as a set of four for $120 on Friday, April 8th, 2022 at 3pm ET as a separate preorder. Individual books 1-4 will be sold for $35 each.

Bridgerton is not part of a subscription and is available for all readers to purchase. Estimated shipping is late Fall, 2022

To order your box, Join the Bridgerton Waitlist at

Use code “HJ” - To get % off your purchase at

2 Responses to “Spotlight: #Bridgerton Special Edition Book Box”


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1413 Goblin Drive, Harrison, AR

  • MLS# 141215
  • 2.84 Acres
  • $0.00 Per Acre
  • Boone County

This business is in an opportunity tax incentive zone for Harrison (See documents)! Fantastic business location next to the Harrison High, Jr High & Middle Schools and across from the Arkansas Revenue Office. Perfect for any service business, retail, professional - the possibilities are endless!
MLS #: 141215
Price: $375,000
Status: Active
Address: 1413 Goblin Drive
City: Harrison
County: Boone
State: AR
Zip Code: 72601
School District:
Taxes: $0.00
Parcel Number: 825-13959-003C
Legal Description:
Lot Acres: 2.84
Price Per Acre:
Zoning: C-1
Timber Acres: 20.00
Pasture Acres: 1.00
Broker Reciprocity Logo Information listed is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. The listings on this site come in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program of the Harrison District Board of Realtors and may not be the listings of the site owner. This listing is courtesy of RE/MAX UNLIMITED INC. All listings should be independently verified. The listing firm, Harp and Associates, and the Harrison District Board of Realtors shall not be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, misprints, and shall be held totally harmless, ©Harrison District Board of Realtors. Please contact the site owner with any questions regarding site listings.


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Bamboo Kids Plate Set | Sunset | 20cm

Thoughtfully sized and designed for both little paws and big appetites, our plates are an ideal addition to any minimalist mama’s pantry. Perfect for shared meals with the whole family, or as a simple dinnerware solution at picnics and barbeques.

Hint: Mix and match sets to create vibrant colour combinations to match your existing dinnerware (because who said catering for the kids has to be dull?)

Each set contains four bamboo plates (D200mm*H15mm) and is:

• BPA and phthalates free
• Toxin-free
• Biodegradable
• Dishwasher top rack recommended
• FDA & LFGB food safe approved
• Not suitable for microwave or oven use
• Beautifully boxed in thoughtfully designed packaging


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Helping Young Carers Find Their Voice

Being a carer is one of the most important roles we will ever take on in life – and also one of the most challenging.

That is particularly true for members of the country’s growing army of young carers who have to juggle looking after a loved one with their education.

Keen to offer some support to local carers, Harrogate College has been running a series of free performing arts workshops designed to boost their confidence.

Performing Arts tutor Robin Burch has just completed four sessions with five teenagers which ended with them each giving short performances to the group.

Teaching Confidence

Robin, who was assisted by Student Relations Officer Megan Hawkswell and one of his students, Katie Romilly, said: “Teaching confidence is a challenging task.

“You have a series of exercises and activities to develop trust, communication and sharing, but it is a continual process of adaptation all the time, to each activity.

“The tutor has to develop the relationship with each individual student and demonstrate what confidence looks like themselves.

“Sensitivity to each student’s needs is especially important when we share feedback.”

The activities were designed to build trust and confidence and get the participants comfortable with communicating with each other.

Megan said: “The young carers particularly enjoyed the excuse to do some singing and shouting while working on voice projection.

“During the workshop series they got noticeably more confident and by the end were confidently speaking in front of the group.”

A Chance to Help

Harrogate College’s Performance and Projects Coordinator, Holly Hansen-Maughan, added: “This was a perfect example of the college serving its community.

“We appreciate our ability to help people.”

Unseen Sacrifices

There are currently an estimated 800,000 carers aged between five and 17 in the UK. Each is involved in regularly caring for a family member or friend by taking on all kinds of extra responsibilities including cooking, cleaning, shopping and collecting prescriptions.

The pressure on them is often immense and one in three have a mental health issue – while 27 per cent of those aged between 11 and 15 are missing school.

The Children’s Society, on the Facts About Young Carers section of its website, says: “Having to care for someone can often mean missing school or having to bail on friends.

“It can put their childhood on the back burner. Many young carers, and the people around them, don’t even realise they’re carers.”

Further Support

This year’s Carers Week, an annual campaign to raise awareness of caring and the daily challenges unpaid cares face, takes place from Monday, June 7 to Sunday, June 13.

Carers Leeds will be holding a number of events during the week.


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Curve Appeal

Select Size
Matching Bands in 14k White gold with .15 ct Diamond VS Clarity GH Color & Black Polymer Resin Inlay. This Design can be ordered in any color gold and with other colored gemstoness. Please keep in mind, prices will vary according to the carat weight of the gold & type of gemstone.


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Let’s chat

    121/46 Macquarie Street, Barton ACT 2600

    2 bath 2 bed 2 car

    Executive style apartment located in the heart of the parliamentary triangle.

    This two bedroom apartment comes with a well-appointed kitchen including AEG stainless steel appliances, a great use of cupboard space and beautiful stone bench tops.

    The living area, master bedroom and second bedroom all flow out to your own private large balcony – perfect for entertaining. The spacious master bedroom also includes a walk through robe.

    The bathrooms have been tastefully designed with quality fixtures and fittings. Offering quality inclusions complemented by neutral tones and a relaxing colour scheme.

    Barton is set in the heart of the parliamentary triangle, perfect for any public service employee set to work at DFAT, the Attorney General or other buildings close by. Governor Place is located just next to the local shops, The Ottoman Restaurant and a short walk to other popular restaurants and boutique retail outlets at Kingston and Manuka precincts.

    Features Include:
    BBQ area with landscaped surrounds
    Intercom with lift access
    Stone bench tops
    Stainless steel AEG appliances
    Dishwasher and built in microwave
    Electrolux dryer
    Quality fittings and fixtures
    Ducted reverse cycle heating/cooling
    Storage cage
    NBN and Foxtel connections
    Holland blinds throughout

    Exhibitions made easy:
    1. Click on "BOOK INSPECTION".
    2. Register to join an existing inspection.
    3. If no time is available or if the time does not suit, please register and we will contact you once access is arranged.
    4. If you do not register, we cannot notify you of any time changes, cancellations or further inspection times.

    Consent is required to keep an animal.
    Available 2nd September 2022!

    The information contained herein has been obtained through sources deemed reliable by Hathaway Real Estate, but cannot be guaranteed for its accuracy. We recommend to buyers and tenants that any information, which is of special interest, should be obtained through independent verification.

    Property Features
    • Apartment
    • 2 bed
    • 2 bath
    • 2 Parking Spaces
    • Land is 5,468 m²
    • Energy Rating 6.0
    • 2 Garage
    • Intercom
    • Ducted Heating
    • Ducted Cooling

    Hathaway is available to you any time via telephone or email.


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Full Day Snorkel and Dolphin Watching in Maui and Lanai

Maui Dolphin and Snorkeling Trips!

One of our favorite  spots is just allong the coast of the neighbor island of Lana’i. As we approach this spot it appears to be an impossible snorkeling spot because we are in nearly 60 feet of water.There is a secret pinnacle here that reaches from the sea floor to just mere feet below the surface. You can snorkel right over the top or venture down along the sides. As you venture down the sides of the pinnacle you will see how the reef inhabitants change with the decrease in sunlight. As if this weren’t amazing enough, listen close and you will probably hear the clicks and whistles of the dolphins that greet us upon our arrival to magical Lanai.

Maui snorkeling is also a way to see the Hawaiian green sea turtles from a different perspective. While it is never alright to touch a sea turtle, you can get pretty close. Join us, snorkeling is a magical way to spend the day.Maui Snorkeling is the focus  of our tours and for good reason. The waters surrounding Maui are crystal clear and usually glassy calm. The reefs below are breathtaking and home to colors that are beyond imagination. Maui has such variety available when looking for a snorkeling tour. There are large group tours aboard huge vessels, which may be a bargain. Often these larger tours lack the intimacy and off the beaten path aspect that makes a snorkeling adventure magical.

Hawaii Ocean rafting will take you on a small group tour aboard a speedy eco raft. When the weather is nice, we head for Lana’i! The volcanic formations below allow for a kind of visual drama found nowhere else on earth. Lana’i is a sparsely inhabited and privately owned island. There is no real road system to speak of, so a boat is the best way to check it out. The journey from Maui to Lanai is sometimes half the fun. The waters there are home to many different species of dolphin, all of which enjoy frolicking in our wake. On our full day snorkeling trips we circumnavigate the entire island. This trip offers sights unseen by the vast majority of visitors. There is a GIANT shipwreck towering obove the surface on the backside of the island


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MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – Learning Management System, eLearning, Online Courses

Free WordPress LMS Plugin MasterStudy is the all-in-one tool for any eLearning business. Masterstudy WordPress LMS plugin can turn any WordPress website into a professional online platform with all the necessary eLearning & LMS features.

Masterstudy is the Best WordPress LMS Plugin, it has all the essential Learning Management System (LMS) features for managing courses, lessons, quizzes and educational content.

MasterStudy is the Free WordPress LMS plugin, where all the key elements of MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin are built with Vue.js. for fast page loading and smoother transitions.

MasterStudy LMS Free version
MasterStudy LMS PRO version
MasterStudy LMS Theme
MasterStudy LMS iOS/Android App
Join Facebook Community

Who is it for?

Masterstudy LMS plugin for WordPress is targeted to:

  • Single instructor (coach or tutor);
  • Education institutions (learning centers, schools,universities);
  • Marketplace (with online courses).

With Masterstudy you can easily create and sell online courses straight away – no technical skills required.

The MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin is an excellent tool for a single instructor, tutor or coach, who is in need of an online educational website. The plugin makes creating a website hassle-free and straightforward to build, customize, and manage a personal elearning website. The features include the ability to create brilliant interactive lessons. You can incorporate them with videos, graphs, images, slides, and more attachments. The course builder allows you to add lessons to the course, break them down into sections and deliver it to learners.

Manage not only your students, but check assessments, set grades, add prerequisite lessons and much more. In Masterstudy, everything is simple for teachers to add course materials, add/edit lessons, and communicate with students online. Extra features to support your students in their learning include message boards, providing a social-network type environment for students to get answers and help from the course creator. Comment systems within the lessons themselves will include the students who can ask specific questions and a private message system where they can interact with specific users. Students can be charged via two options: per course or per monthly/yearly subscription fee.

The Masterstudy Learning Management System (LMS) plugin allows you to create and run online courses like Udemy or Coursera while using WordPress. It is vital to choose the very best WordPress LMS plugin for your online learning website as it will provide essential end-to-end services. This WP LMS plugin will take care of handling subscriptions, grading quizzes, accepting payments, managing students and more. You also can create a certificate for your students, using the best Masterstudy certificate builder. There is a separate user profile system for both students and instructors. Within their profile, students can check course progress, continued paused lessons, check quiz scores, and purchase courses or membership plans.

The MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin simplified the process of course creation for you. Easily create a course with details like a title, descriptions, curriculum, duration, price, skill level, and the number of active students. Add videos, attachments, teachers, and even course rewards. Masterstudy WordPress LMS plugin lets you represent courses on a modern user-friendly interface with all required options for your students.

Unlimited Course management:

  • Backend Course Builder
  • Making Course Featured
  • Course Preview
  • Course Front end Description
  • Course Curriculum
  • Course Announcements
  • Course FAQ section
  • Course Review and Rating system
  • Course Expiration
  • Course Status for a period of time
  • Course Categories
  • Attachments For the Course
  • Managing Course Progress
  • Managing the Number of Enrolled Students
  • Define Course Duration
  • Define the Duration of Video Lessons
  • Define the Number of Included Lessons
  • Course Difficulty Level
  • Students Management on the Back-end
  • Manually Adding Students to the Course
  • Detailed Progress of the Students
  • Reset Student’s progress

After the course and sections are created, it’s time to add lessons. Here you can create four different types of lessons: text lessons, video lessons, online streams, and slideshow lessons. A further benefit here is that you can add in previously created content using a library of lessons and quizzes.

Lessons management:

  • Lesson Duration
  • Lesson Preview (Lesson will be available to everyone)
  • Lesson Frontend Description
  • Video Lesson Type
  • Discussion for Students With the Course Instructor
  • Lessons Materials (any type of media)

Adding video has never been easier when conducting a lesson. MasterStudy LMS is fully compatible with Presto Player – a cutting-edge WordPress video player plugin. In sum, this would include 7 new video sources:

  • HTML(MP4)
  • Youtube
  • Vimeo
  • External Link
  • Embedded Video
  • Shortcode
  • Presto Player

Add questions inside quizzes or add them from the preset questions library. From there, you can then type in the first question. There are eight question types to choose from – single choice, multi-choice, true or false, item match, image match, image choice, keywords, and fill the gap.

Quizzes features:

  • Advanced Quiz Builder (Multiple Quiz Types)
  • Quiz Styles
  • Quiz Categories
  • Quiz Duration
  • Quiz Attempts
  • Reduce Points on Resubmission
  • Passing Grade
  • Randomize Questions
  • Displaying Correct Answers
  • Quiz Frontend Description

  • Modern Design
  • Frontend and Backend Course Builder
  • Unlimited Courses and Lessons
  • Course Preview
  • Frontend Student Dashboard
  • Teacher’s Profile
  • Video lessons
  • Multiple video sources (self-hosted, YouTube, Vimeo, Presto Player, HTML, Embeded, Shortcode)
  • Separate Teacher profiles
  • Lesson management
  • Dynamic drag and drop certificate builder
  • Advanced Quiz builder (Multiple quiz types)
  • Earning & commission allocation
  • Multiple withdrawal options
  • Purchase history
  • Styling options
  • Course widget
  • Teacher registration form
  • Course review and rating system
  • Q&A for students with the course teacher
  • Video poster (trailer/teaser)
  • Tracking course progress
  • Course difficulty level
  • Define course duration
  • Course marketplace
  • Add course requirements and instruction
  • Quiz Timer
  • Quiz Attempts
  • Centralized monetization settings
  • Spotlight mode
  • RTL ready
  • Page builder support
  • Gutenberg compatible
  • Content security
  • Advanced analytics And more

You can learn more about our product from our website.

  • Certificate Builder – upload custom designed certificates for completed courses to students, or create a certificate using a drag & drop Certificate builder.
  • Udemy Course Importer – import any courses from Udemy and earn affiliate commission on each sale.
  • Prerequisites – define a certain set of courses/lessons that students need to complete before enrolling for a new one.
  • Quizzes – add quizzes with diverse question types: single choice, item match, keywords, true or false, multi-choice, fill the gap, image matching, and image choice.
  • Sequential Drip Content – organize a flow of your e-learning content step-by-step as a specific schedule or lesson progress.
  • The Gradebook – view your class results and export it to csv and post to frontend.
  • Lessons Live Streaming – the Live Stream lessons feature gives an opportunity for students to listen, see and follow the instructor as well as ask and get an answer immediately in Live mode.
  • Group Courses – this feature is fully suitable in case you want to sell your courses to the companies and organizations. The group admin will have the opportunity to add and remove members of the group.
  • Assignments – assignments allow students submitting essays or uploading files and conduct a comprehensive knowledge check. Instructors can also grade learners’ performance and leave notes.
  • Point system – motivate your learners with a point system, award them for their achievements.
  • Course Bundle – increase sales by selling bundles of course at one discount price.
  • Email Template Manager – set up the convenient email system, create message templates for all possible notifications, like comments, password changes, orders, and much more.
  • Google Classroom – import your classes from Google Classroom account to your MasterStudy website and manage your work remotely.
  • Zoom Conference – connect two powerful systems of MasterStudy and Zoom Video Conferencing and Interact with your students in real-time.
  • SCORM – allows you to use different content authoring tools, such as Adobe Captivate or Articulate Storyline 2, to create courses and sell them with your LMS. Simply upload courses to the LMS.
  • Statistics and Payouts – it is a strong management of sales with the statistics data which gives you the ability to analyze what courses are selling the least and improve overall income.
  • Trial Courses – make the lesson of the course free and open to the public, so visitors of your websites could try it before enrolling.
  • LMS Forms Editor – add, customize and manage the input fields on built-in forms such as Profile, Become Instructor request, Sign Up and so on.
  • Media File Manager – upload, edit, delete your media files with a Masterstudy custom file manager.
  • Online Testing – perform the quizzes, tests, and question sets directly on your pages for both logged in and visited audiences.

The Masterstudy LMS plugin is already translated to all popular languages. Avoid any inconvenience you or your customers may face by providing them with a localized experience: English, French, Turkish, German, Dutch, Russian, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and other languages.

Other UX features of Masterstudy LMS WordPress plugin:

  • Side Profile Menu
  • Instructor’s Public Profile
  • Frontend Student and Instructor Dashboard
  • Purchase History
  • Courses Archive
  • Flexible Courses Search
  • Courses Filter
  • Sorting Courses
  • Courses Page Layout (Grid and List)
  • Courses “Load more Type” (Buttons and Infinite Scrolling)
  • Course Card Style
  • Custom Image Size for Courses
  • Lazy Load (Course cards)
  • Courses Wishlist

The Starter theme is a completely free full-equipped theme with ready-to-use pages, widgets and blocks that are designed specifically to make it convenient for the user to build or style any page of their choosing.

You will get a completed page with a header, footer, and body content. All demo images and banners will also be provided. You will only have to change them to your brand images and replace the text accordingly. This way you can concentrate more on creating online education content (courses, lessons, quizzes).

Masterstudy LMS Starter theme is compatible with the Elementor page builder. With this builder, you can easily build and customize entire pages with drag-and-drop canvas. For selling the courses, another renowned plugin will be installed during the demo import process – WooCommerce.

Here is MasterStudy WordPress LMS Starter Theme Live Demo.

Free LMS Starter WordPress theme features:

  • Completely free and available inside the plugin bundle immediately after activation;
  • One-click demo import;
  • Integration with Elementor;
  • Integration with WooCommerce;
  • Integration with Paid Membership Pro to create subscriptions;
  • Integration with H5P;
  • Mobile responsive;
  • High speed and performance;
  • Multi-payment methods (Stripe, PayPal & WooCommerce);
  • Dedicated number of LMS Elementor widgets.

Alongside the LMS plugin, our team here at StylemixThemes, has also developed a full Premium Education WordPress Theme that further extends your site’s capabilities. This is available at a cost that you can buy at MasterStudy WordPress theme or on the Themeforest marketplace.

The theme, which provides more creative control over the website, includes additional premium LMS plugins as part of the bundle, free lifetime updates, 24/7 support, extra features (available in Pro version of Masterstudy WordPress LMS plugin), and ready-to-use demos.

In terms of the ready to use demos, there are 10+ unique designs to suit your taste and purpose. You can simply select the one you like and change it any time that you want.

Overall, the MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin offers a competitive solution to the issue of adapting your website for online education. The variety of tools and features available support every aspect of elearning business, and the creatively designed content is simple yet eye-catching.

MasterStudy WordPress LMS Plugin Demo

MasterStudy LMS for WordPress allows you to use a reliable eCommerce system with tons of beneficial options. It brings the ability to create LMS course products, set up a store, apply coupons and discounts, manage bundles.

WooCommerce and MasterStudy LMS bring you a complete engine for running an eCommerce platform on your LMS website which allows you to:

– Take full control over the checkout experience
– Customize the My Account area for your customers
– Sell courses as well as physical products
– Offer coupons & discounts
– Use a payment gateway other than Stripe, PayPal

Flexible pricing and payment options are available with PayPal integration, which is included in the WordPress LMS WordPress plugin for free. Monthly or annual subscription plans are also possible alongside a one-time payment. Manage withdrawals easily by predefining the money amount that needs to be paid out for instructors. The withdrawal method for PayPal is already included in the Masterstudy WordPress LMS plugin bundle as well.

Earn with MasterStudy LMS

– Course Marketplace
– Free and Paid Courses
– Payment Methods Including PayPal and Stripe
– Customizable Course and Membership Enrollment
– Currency Settings
– Built-in Checkout
– Guest Checkout

MasterStudy offers you the originally developed educational modules with shortcodes. You can insert shortcodes into any page using a WordPress text editor. Plus to this, the LMS shortcodes can be used through Elementor Widgets and WPBakery Page Builder, or the Classic Editor.

WordPress LMS Plugin’s Shortcodes enable such popular elements as:

– Search box — enables the display of a search field, integrating a smart search engine into your website.
– Course carousel — shows the courses carousel, with sorting options and categories.
– Courses categories — shows the courses categories, allowing you to set the display style.
– Courses grid — shows the courses grid, where you can fully adjust the display.
– Featured Teacher — allows you to display the featured teacher, supporting the profile with teacher bio and image.
– Instructors carousel — shows the instructor carousel, the module is supplied with multiple settings to let you control the overall display of the carousel.
– Recent Courses — shows the section with recently added courses.
– Single Course Carousel — show the carousel with a single course, with very convenient navigation.

The next design modules are available only in the PRO version of MasterStudy WordPress LMS Plugin:

– Course Bundles — enables the option of course bundles, so you could put your courses in custom packages available to anyone you choose.
– Google Classroom Grid view — enables the grid view of Google Classrooms.
– Certificate checker — enables the certification checker for certificate verification.

Numerous modules have their own set of parameters and variables, allowing for more customization in all areas!

Import Demo Courses in just one click. Import courses, lessons, and questions from the demo template to use them on your website. You can use the premade structure and update the content to save time and speed up the work.

The MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin has the MasterStudy LMS Pro version and Masterstudy Mobile App (LMS Mobile App for iOS & Android built with Flutter).

MasterStudy Free LMS Plugin for WordPress includes:

  • Intuitive Starter Theme (Elementor Compatible)
  • LMS Wizard – Quick and Easy Plugin Setup
  • Centralized Control System
  • Course Builder (Course, Lessons, Quizzes, Questions, etc.)
  • Modern UX/UI Design
  • Email Notifications
  • Email Confirmation
  • One-click Demo Import Courses, Lessons, Quizzes
  • General Styling options
  • Different LMS User Roles
  • User and Instructor Registration Form
  • Password Management
  • Instructor Registration Management
  • Instructor Pre-moderation Management
  • Import/Export of LMS settings

More Awesome Free Plugins by Stylemix

Cost Calculator & Price Estimation Plugin
Zoom Meetings and Webinars Plugin — eRoom
BookIt – a free booking calendar plugin

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This section describes how to install the plugin and get it working.

  1. Upload the plugin files to the /wp-content/plugins/ directory, or install the plugin through the WordPress plugins screen directly.
  2. Activate the plugin through the ‘Plugins’ screen in WordPress
  3. Please find more details on Plugin Installation in documentation
  4. Set Up Courses Archive Page in Menu -> STM LMS Settings Area.

  • [stm_lms_courses_grid_display per_row=”4″ posts_per_page=”4″ load_more=”true”]
    Accepts all WP_Query params for sorting, order by etc
  • [stm_courses_searchbox]
    Shows courses search box
  • [stm_lms_courses_carousel]
    Enables the courses carousel
  • [stm_lms_courses_categories]
    Shows categories of the courses
  • [stm_lms_courses_grid]
    Enables the courses grid
  • [stm_lms_featured_teacher]
    Shows Featured Teacher
  • [stm_lms_instructors_carousel]
    shows the Instructors carousel
  • [stm_lms_recent_courses]
    Displays Recent courses
  • [stm_lms_single_course_carousel]
    Shows the carousel with single course

Template System

  • Easily copy any template from stm-lms-templates folder and move it in your theme for future customization. Try not to edit plugin files, they will be replaced after plugin update.

LMS Hard-coded Pages

  • /lms-login – Login/Register Page
  • /courses/{course}/{lesson} – Lesson Page (must be logged in with Purchased course or lesson is Preview)
  • /lms-user/{user_id} – User Private Page (must be logged in)
  • /lms-user_profile/{user_id} – User Public Page
  • /lms-chats – User Chat (must be logged in)
  • /lms-wishlist – My Wishlist Page
  • /lms-checkout – Checkout Page (must be logged in)

Can I use the plugin with different WordPress Themes?

Yes, MasterStudy WordPress LMS Plugin is compatible with free and premium WordPress themes, so you can use it with the one you choose. If you have difficulties selecting the theme for your educational website, you can consider the option of getting MasterStudy LMS Theme, which has the Pro version of the plugin built in the bundle.

Do I need a Membership Plugin?

This only depends on the purpose you follow. If you are planning to implement membership plans on the platform, then you have to install the Membership Plugin. But, you do not need to search for the options.

MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin already integrates with WooCommerce and Paid Membership PRO. These are the best items that will help you to establish a great membership system and create smart plans.

Does MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin support webinars and live stream sessions?

The plugins support Zoom meetings and webinars. The integration with the service is available through the eRoom plugin which is free. It connects your website with the Zoom account and allows you to create and manage video conferences from your dashboard.

You can also use the Pro WP LMS plugin addon to conduct live stream lessons.

Is this WordPress LMS plugin free?

This plugin has two versions: free and a paid one. The paid Pro version of the plugin has more features that are not able to use in the free plugin, which extends the functionality and provides more opportunities.

Still, the main function of building and managing online courses and selling them is available equally in both versions.

Where can I find MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin documentation?

There is a detailed text guide describing every feature and option of the plugin. You can also find the video library with video tutorials on our YouTube channel.

How can I get support or talk to someone from the team?

Our support team is available 24/7. To submit about the problem please follow to your account to submit a support ticket. If you have some pre-sale questions you can always use live-chat on our website:

Can I translate the plugin to a different language?

Yes, however MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin already translated into 8 languages: English, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, German, French, Italian, and Russian.

What kind of media can be used in LMS courses?

The plugin allows uploading absolutely different formats of files. There are three types of lessons available, where you can present various types of content such as text, video, slides. Besides this, we have an option of course/lesson attachments, where you can upload different files including images, audio files, zip folders, and more.

Is it a one-time fee for the Pro version of the plugin or do I need to extend my license?

No, you don’t have to extend your license, the core plugin features will be available. In case you want to receive further updates and support you need to renew your license. The MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin Pro is available at $54.99.

نوامبر 23, 2022 1 reply
Excellent support. Help was fast and thorough.
نوامبر 21, 2022 1 reply
I was looking for a good LMS. I have tried many. But only with Masterstudy LMS I found the right solution for me. In fact I bought the pro version. Excellent features and excellent potential. I had some problems with the implementation but the customer service was excellent and unique. Recommended! ____ Ero alla ricerca di un buon LMS. Ne ho provati tanti. Ma solo con Masterstudy LMS ho trovato la soluzione che fa per me. Infatti ho acquistato la versione pro. Ottime caratteristiche e ottime potenzialità. Ho avuto dei problemi per l'implementazione ma il servizio clienti è stato eccellente e unico. Consigliato!
نوامبر 17, 2022 1 reply
Hello I am using a plagins and the Master Study theme, and in fact, it is all smart. I liked the front end of the course builder, it is very easy and smart, and it is distinguished from the plugins of other competitors. Also, there is a special feature when buying Master Study Pro plugin, is that this plugin contains all the add-ons built in,So You do not need to buy each component separately like LMS plugins of other competitors. I advise you to rely on this free plugin, and I recommend buying the premium plugin, and the best thing is to buy the Master Study theme that contains all the premium plugins and all the add-ons for masterstudy in order for the theme to be compatible with the plugins. thank you
نوامبر 16, 2022 1 reply
This plugin is awesome! the support team is great and it has all the features (and more) that other plugins offer at a fraction of the price!
نوامبر 14, 2022 1 reply
I've installed the free version and also the pro but have not yet had a chance to see how it works under pressure. Still, I think the features are well worth it because apart from developing your own courses within the system, you can import SCORM cartridges to get going. Also, the devs respond to inquiries quite promptly. Hopefully they will solve PHP 8 compatibility issues soon.
Read all 148 reviews

Contributors & Developers

“MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – Learning Management System, eLearning, Online Courses” is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.

“MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – Learning Management System, eLearning, Online Courses” has been translated into 16 locales. Thank you to the translators for their contributions.

Translate “MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin – Learning Management System, eLearning, Online Courses” into your language.

Interested in development?

Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.

2.9.18 – 2022-11-23

  • NEW: MasterStudy Experience Survey Notification added for WordPress Dashboard

2.9.17 – 2022-11-22

  • NEW: Remastered Instructor Carousel Widget with flexible settings.

2.9.16 – 2022-11-11

  • FIXED: Minor bug fixes.

2.9.15 – 2022-10-31

  • UPD: Compatibility with WordPress 6.1

2.9.14 – 2022-10-26

  • FIXED: Minor bug fixes.

2.9.13 – 2022-10-26

  • NEW: Integration with Presto Player for Video lesson types.
  • UPDATE: Video Lesson settings remastered.
  • FIXED: The navigation menu of the text editor in the Frontend course builder did not open.

2.9.12 – 2022-10-18

  • NEW: Preloader can be enabled in LMS settings for LMS pages and sections.

2.9.11 – 2022-10-14

  • NEW: Preloader added to LMS pages and sections
  • UPDATE: Visual improvements in MasterStudy LMS Wizard

2.9.10 – 2022-10-07

  • UPDATE: Major files moved into _core directory

2.9.9 – 2022-10-06

  • FIXED: Minor bug fixes.

2.9.8 – 2022-09-29

  • UPDATE: Minor improvements

2.9.7 – 2022-09-27

  • UPDATE: Responsive improvements for LMS Courses.
  • UPDATE: String translations in plugins and Nuxy are updated.
  • UPDATE: Guest users will be redirected to the Login/Register page if tries to Wishlist course.
  • UPDATE: Font style of floating menu items changed to Camel Case.
  • FIXED: Progress of Prerequisite course not displayed.
  • FIXED: “STM LMS Popular courses” widget displayed the latest courses instead of popular ones.
  • FIXED: When the search returns no results, Featured courses are always displayed on the Courses archive page.
  • FIXED: Course rating Stars are not displayed when LMS Colors are changed in different Themes.
  • FIXED: Styles of Lesson start countdown disappeared when LMS Colors are changed.
  • FIXED: Course thumbnails were cropped in the gradebook.
  • FIXED: Free course was not displayed in the user account after registration when email confirmation was enabled.
  • FIXED: Administrator received become instructor requested although Instructor Pre-moderation was disabled.
  • FIXED: True/False questions have not worked in different languages except English.
  • FIXED: Popup from the For Enterprise button did not work.
  • FIXED: Membership Plan level position issue.
  • FIXED: Pagination is not displayed in the Testimonials widget items in Elementor Preview.

2.9.6 – 2022-09-19

  • FIXED: MasterStudy Starter theme is suggested for installation when child themes of Masterstudy, Smarty, and BeTop were active.

2.9.5 – 2022-09-14

  • NEW: [MasterStudy Starter Theme] ( released for MasterStudy LMS
  • FIXED: Incorrect display of Pro Addons thumbnail images in macOS.
  • FIXED: Different accept ratio of the thumbnail images of LMS courses on the “Add Student” page.

2.9.4 – 2022-08-30

  • NEW: Membership Plans widget added to the WPBakery.
  • NEW: Added Call to Action 2 widget for Membership Plans to Elementor.
  • UPDATE: Sorting Menu feature refactored.
  • UPDATE: Directories Structure refactored.
  • UPDATE: Membership Plans are redesigned and got a new customizable appearance for Elementor and WPBakery page builders.
  • UPDATE: Additional settings added to the Membership Plans Elementor widget.

2.9.3 – 2022-08-17

  • NEW: Courses filter sidebar added to the Courses categories archive page.
  • UPDATE: The user account drop-down menu on the site header now includes links to the user account.
  • UPDATE: Addons page visually improved for the site administrator.
  • FIXED: The Instructor’s name was replaced with the student’s name in Payouts and statistics when WooCommerce checkout is used.
  • FIXED: “I have an account” link was removed from the Restore Password page.
  • FIXED: The Restore Password field accepts a weak password while the Sign-Up form requires an 8-digit password.
  • FIXED: When two “Image match quiz” is used in a single lesson, It was possible to choose answers from both quizzes.
  • FIXED: Searchbox shortcode not worked on Front end.
  • FIXED: Images are not uploaded to quiz questions when Media File Manager is enabled.
  • FIXED: Quiz answers which contain a single quote (‘) are not marked as wrong.
  • FIXED: Some strings were not visible for translation.
  • FIXED: Minor visual bugs.

2.9.2 – 2022-08-08

  • NEW: Added Category filter for admin dashboard were listed all courses.
  • NEW: The user will remain on the same page after logging in through the Floating menu.
  • FIXED: Lesson navigation disappeared when the WPML plugin is active.
  • FIXED: Сhanges for LMS Pages not worked on Front-end and caused 404 error on User account navigation.
  • FIXED: The order of the questions changed after saving the quiz.
  • FIXED: Checkbox fields created using the LMS Forms editor, reset in a user profile.
  • FIXED: When Guest checkout is enabled the course did not remove from the cart.
  • FIXED: The word “Wishlisted” was replaced with “Remove from Wishlist”.
  • FIXED: Minor visual bugs.

2.9.1 – 2022-06-23

  • FIXED: Compatibility of the widgets with the new version of Elementor
  • FIXED: Some strings were not visible for translation
  • FIXED: Demo Import optimization
  • FIXED: Drip Content Lesson type appearance
  • FIXED: Even when membership expired, the course is still listed under “enrolled courses.”

2.9.0 – 2022-06-09

  • FIXED: Minor code optimizations for a better user experience.

2.8.9 – 2022-06-08

  • NEW: Reordering of the Profile Menu Items
  • FIXED: Courses archive page list view style issues with default WordPress themes.
  • FIXED: a Certificate appears even for inactivated Certificate Builder add-ons
  • FIXED: Course Bundles style issue with default WordPress themes
  • FIXED: Modern Course style course image height issue with default WordPress themes
  • FIXED: Hover effect on Enterprise Price when using the WordPress default themes

2.8.8 – 2022-05-04

Welcoming the new way of the custom colors appliance to the MasterStudy LMS elements. Set the colors you like to match the LMS color scheme to your brand identity or make it look completely different from the rest of the website to make it easier for the students to concentrate on the learning process even more. Customize the side profile menu for the users to improve your website visitors’ experience and site interaction. Make your MasterStudy LMS reflect a site’s usability and mood to tailor it to your audience.
UPD: Color Scheme Appliance
ADDED: Preloader for instructor account
ADDED: “Add your first course” message added for instructor’s account without any courses

2.8.7 – 2022-04-18

  • UPD: Spanish and Portuguese translations are added

2.8.6 – 2022-04-06

  • UPD: ‘Search courses’ tab on Courses page
  • FIXED: Adding the category to the created questions in front end builder
  • FIXED: Visual bug with Astra theme and switched on MasterStudy LMS
  • FIXED: ‘Import Courses’ button is removed in MasterStudy LMS Theme Wizard
  • FIXED: Status ‘Completed’ on button in individual course, even when course is not completed

2.8.5 – 2022-03-24

  • FIXED: Navigation menu on theme disappeared after plugin update with mobile header
  • FIXED: ‘Enroll with Membership’ button in Get Course button is shown even when the plans are not created and configured

2.8.4 – 2022-03-18

  • FIXED: Minor bug fixes

2.8.3 – 2022-03-17

  • UPD: Remastering of Add New Course interface and Single Course page in mobile version

2.8.2 – 2022-03-14

  • FIXED: STMMailChimpBase redeclaration error.

2.8.1 – 2022-03-07

  • FIXED: Bug with height of Sticky Panel on Single Course Page
  • FIXED: Visual bug with visited options (remained as highlighted) in MS Course settings
  • FIXED: When quiz is Passed the button below is not displayed in MasterStudy and any default themes

2.8.0 – 2022-02-25

  • NEW: The notification with options to collect the user’s data in our newsletters after activating the plugin

2.7.9 – 2022-02-14

  • FIXED: Redeclare stm_module_styles() error.

2.7.8 – 2022-02-14

  • FIXED: Enrolled courses remain in the user’s profile after the expiration of the plan
  • FIXED: Visual bugs with Twenty Twenty-Two standard WordPress theme
  • FIXED: Membership Approval by admin function does not affect after purchasing the subscription by student
  • FIXED: Lesson frontend description styles are reset after the lesson is saved
  • FIXED: Issue with redirecting the user to the lesson after clicking Preview on course curriculum
  • FIXED: Bug with countdown for lesson start time
  • FIXED: Visual bug with STM LMS Courses Categories on Elementor Page Builder
  • FIXED: Visual style bug on Recent Courses widget’s Categories tabs while hovering on them
  • FIXED: Bug with course navigation button
  • FIXED: Style issues

2.7.7 – 2022-02-01

  • FIXED: Removed Freemius SDK from plugin’s core (see the previous update about Freemius SDK)

2.7.6 – 2022-01-27

  • FIXED: User registration vulnerability was fixed

2.7.5 – 2022-01-19

  • NEW: Freemius SDK for better analytics and understanding

2.7.4 – 2022-01-13

  • NEW: Course Card Style 3 on Courses Settings
  • NEW: Added new Style 6 for STM LMS Courses Categories widget in Elementor Page builder
  • NEW: Added new style 2 for STM Courses Carousel widget in Elementor Page Builder
  • NEW: Added new style 3 for STM LMS Recent Courses widget in Elementor Page builder
  • NEW: Visual silhouettes after moving the images to answers section as well as with returning the images on Image Match Quiz type
  • NEW: Removed Description field on LMS taxonomies
  • FIXED: Enrolled students counter does not work on course page
  • FIXED: Visual bug with avatar after filling the bio on profile
  • FIXED: Visual bug after clicking on the user’s name on course page with Classic Lesson page style

2.7.3 – 2021-12-20

  • NEW: Custom Colours added for Floating Side Profile Menu
  • FIXED: Bug with changing the Orders status (pending to completed) by admin was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with Floating side profile auto opening on big screen resolution was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with unable to open the closed lessons even after 100% passing the 17, 21, 36 questions in the quiz was fixed
  • FIXED: Question summary progress issue was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with moving Settings and Message buttons on the profile page after changing the custom colours in Theme Options was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with appearing notification after finishing the quiz with missed Fill the Gap question was fixed
  • FIXED: Elementor page builder deprecated errors was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with displaying the extra not-relevant fields after inputting the answer to question in Frontend Quiz Questions pop up was fixed
  • FIXED: Issue with displaying the course in membership plan on the user’s Enrolled course section even after membership level expiration was fixed
  • FIXED: Bug with default styles on LMS Demo layouts was fixed

2.7.2 – 2021-11-25

  • UPD: Theme options version updated
  • UPD: Float menu icon
  • FIXED: Translation issues of several non-editable strings
  • FIXED: Free courses filtering issue
  • FIXED: Problem with saving questions/quizzes using eRoom plugin
  • FIXED: Student reviewing issue
  • FIXED: “Fill the gap” answer align issue

2.7.1 – 2021-10-22

  • UPD: Link fix in Lost Password Email Template
  • FIXED: Retake button displaying issues (Quizzes)
  • FIXED: PHP errors displaying while adding Courses Modules

2.7.0 – 2021-10-18

  • UPD: Code refactoring and optimization

2.6.9 – 2021-09-21

  • ADDED: New Quiz type: Image Matching (Single Choice, Multi Choice)

2.6.8 – 2021-09-02

  • ADDED: New Pro Addons page
  • UPD: Improved auth remember me system
  • FIXED: Minor bug fixes

2.6.7 – 2021-08-12

  • ADDED: Admin Dashboard notification

2.6.6 – 2021-08-02

  • FIXED: H5P plugin Reuse and Embed features are not displaying on the plugin pages
  • FIXED: Browser title does not change on switching to the Quiz page
  • FIXED: Featured Teacher widget loading issue
  • FIXED: Match Items quiz showing wrong results
  • FIXED: Membership Approval (Paid Membership Pro plugin) compatibility
  • FIXED: Translation issues with several non-editable strings

2.6.5 – 2021-07-28

  • UPD: Compatibility with WordPress v. 5.8
  • UPD: The certificate generation rules have been updated to reduce the waiting time for the certificate download
  • FIXED: String translation issues in Question type section and some placeholders
  • FIXED: The appearance of external symbols in Item Match quizzes.
  • FIXED: User account page items position fixed for RTL
  • FIXED: Mobile devices responsiveness for Send Message button popup
  • FIXED: Partial displaying lesson titles in Classic Lesson style
  • FIXED: Login/Register modal form switching bug by enrolling in the course without logging in.
  • FIXED: Minor style fixes

2.6.4 – 2021-06-15

  • UPD: BuddyPress templates according to theme new features and rules
  • FIXED: Displaying login forms in Floating menu
  • FIXED: Minor style issues and bugs

2.6.3 – 2021-06-10

  • UPD: Redesigned user account and user public profile
  • ADDED: New floating menu for user account
  • ADDED: Filter hook to logging in function
  • FIXED: WP Debug notice ‘No variable in certain pages’
  • FIXED: Checkbox doubling in forms created by LMS Forms Editor in User Profile settings
  • FIXED: Drop-down selection in forms created by LMS Forms Editor in User Profile Settings

2.6.2 – 2021-06-01

  • FIXED: New messages counter appeared for message sender and for receiver

2.6.1 – 2021-05-24

  • ADDED: Feedback module inside LMS settings
  • ADDED: Roadmap voting in LMS Admin
  • FIXED: Enfold theme html classes added to lesson page

2.6.0 – 2021-05-11

  • ADDED: Full integration with WooCommerce (*PRO)
  • FIXED: Error sending mail with different product types in WooCommerce (*PRO)
  • FIXED: Minor styling issues

2.5.9 – 2021-05-03

  • FIXED: The Popular courses widget shows the price Free, regardless of price or status are indicated
  • FIXED: Video poster goes beyond video frame when opening video modal
  • FIXED: Chinese, Arabic and some other fonts aren’t displaying in Certificate
  • FIXED: Students appeared in Featured Teacher select box
  • FIXED: Replacing chosen font by default plugin font
  • FIXED: Placeholders of checkbox and dropdown elements aren’t displaying after adding in LMS Forms Editor
  • FIXED: Responsive view of Send message modal in Classic type Public Profile
  • FIXED: Minor settings and frontend bugs
  • REPLACED: WPCFTO submodule replaced to Nuxy ( renamed )
  • ADDED: Translations of Error messages
  • ADDED: Placeholders for Select box in Profile Forms Editor

2.5.8 – 2021-03-31

  • fixed: Enterprise form

2.5.7 – 2021-03-30

  • added: Enterprise form in user account
  • added: LMS Forms Editor (*pro)

2.5.6 – 2021-03-25

  • added: CSRF to all actions
  • upd: Submenu name changed from Manage Users to Instructor requests.

2.5.5 – 2021-03-18

  • added: Assignment preview
  • added: Description for question bank
  • upd: WPCFTO framework submodule moved to github from bitbucket
  • upd: Compatibility with WordPress 5.7
  • upd: Classic style for user profile moved to Pro
  • upd: Cancel subscription in classic style moved to sidebar
  • fixed: Admin commission option renamed to Instructor Earning (as it works now)
  • fixed: CSRF issue fixed in user info action. Method for saving user info changed from GET to POST
  • fixed: Author box and custom fields disabled by default in screen options
  • fixed: Select user in review replaced with autocomplete
  • fixed: Visual bugs
  • fixed: Slash signs in the Curriculum sections
  • fixed: Student can decline quiz overtime
  • fixed: Some SCORM packages return completed status instead of progress percent. SCORM status completed treats as 100% progress now
  • fixed: Courses grid ‘load more’ with sorting option issue
  • fixed: Mobile version for Quiz question type ‘item match’

2.5.4 – 2021-02-23

  • fixed: Editing several quizzes on Front-End issues
  • fixed: Restore password doesn’t work with activated Yoast SEO plugin

2.5.3 – 2021-02-19

  • added: H5P compatibility added to quizzes
  • fixed: Correct answers appeared when ‘show correct answer’ option is disabled
  • fixed: LMS Wizard typo
  • fixed: Empty addons and Payout tabs content
  • fixed: Duplicate email sending when ‘course added to user’

2.5.2 – 2021-02-04

  • added: Plugin Setup Wizard
  • added: ‘Become instructor’ option added in the user profile
  • added: Unique user profile navigation menu classes
  • added: Lost password box validation
  • added: Navigation menu badges
  • updated: New LMS Settings section is built on CFTO framework
  • updated: Translations updated
  • fixed: Empty category view (0 subcategories) in search filter
  • fixed: STM LMS Courses grid module title
  • fixed: Registration error text fixed
  • fixed: Quiz answer “0” treating as incorrect answer bug
  • fixed: Manage course loading view on frontend
  • fixed: ‘Lost password’ option on mobile
  • fixed: User profile navigation menu
  • fixed: Membership plan with No available courses in subscription will not appear as purchase option for course
  • fixed: Paginated quiz first/last buttons inactive when on first/last question respectively
  • fixed: Question bank adding several banks fixed
  • fixed: Login button text changed
  • fixed: ‘Become instructor’ button is hidden for logged-in instructors
  • fixed: Courses filter category bug
  • fixed: Translations with vue variable {field} fixed
  • fixed: LMS pages conflict with Elementor Pro
  • fixed: Emails are not being sent when Email Template addon disabled

2.5.1 – 2021-01-11

  • added: Deny Instructors from accessing the admin panel option added (if only free MasterStudy LMS plugin will be used on the website, this option should be disabled)
  • added: Student email column in the ‘Manage Students’ section
  • added: Featured courses to the archive page
  • added: “unlim” value added to the membership plan
  • added: Password validation in the edit profile page
  • added: Custom image upload added under course settings for the successful course completion message
  • fixed: Fixed plugin update without PRO version
  • fixed: Image appearance in the ‘Popular courses’ element, style 2
  • fixed: Month arrows issues in date picker
  • fixed: BuddyPress redirects fixed
  • fixed: Statistic issue
  • fixed: LMS messaging system issues fixed
  • fixed: Public account not showing
  • fixed: Public account login
  • fixed: Assignments category dropdown
  • fixed: Curriculum error in dashboard
  • fixed: Minor frontend issues

2.5.0 – 2020-12-28

  • added: Number of courses to show in STM Featured Instructor element
  • added: Select an option to choose course categories (Elementor STM LMS Courses Grid)
  • update: Wishlist icon changed for classic course style
  • update: Replace routes by creating a WordPress pages
  • update: Database update notification
  • fixed: Remove points when retaking the quiz
  • fixed: Masterstudy LMS Mobile App quiz webview
  • fixed: WPML Language switcher issues

2.4.7 – 2020-12-09

  • added: Quiz required fields removed. Alert on submission added
  • added: Quiz paginated style added
  • added: Added settings for adding custom course levels
  • added: Added settings for decimal separator and number of decimals
  • added: Added course filter to instructor assignments
  • added: Student assignment can now be managed by admin from WordPress dashboard
  • added: Added course title in a lesson comment (Email manager)
  • added: Added login, course title and assignment title in user assignment submission (Email manager)
  • update: Assignment send button disabled if assignment is empty
  • update: Updated archive course card view on mobile (price)
  • update: Review WYSIWYG removed image/video upload
  • update: Wishlist icon changed
  • update: Author fee text changed
  • update: Added WordPress validation notice to user login on registration process
  • fixed: Removed user manager templates from frontend
  • fixed: Fixed PMPro subscription cancel
  • fixed: Stream +1 day bug fixed
  • fixed: Default list view bug fixed
  • fixed: Course bottom banner with membership only visual bug fixed
  • fixed: JS variable in translation fixed
  • fixed: html code in translation fixed
  • fixed: True/false question translation bug fixed
  • fixed: Lesson video automatic play fixed
  • fixed: Wishlist page layout fixed
  • fixed: Stripe script removed when payment disabled
  • fixed: Selecting question type in manage course visual bug fixed
  • fixed: Scorm redirect fixed

  • fixed: Add student to course feature on frontend
  • fixed: Spain translation file errors for variables {field}
  • fixed: Creating lesson with Elementor Page Builder
  • fixed: Per row setting on STM LMS Courses Carousel Elementor widget
  • fixed: Folders permissions
  • update: Co-instructor courses added to the Instructors’ public profile

  • fixed: Paid membership checkout frontend bug in mobile version
  • fixed: Course per page settings on the archive page
  • fixed: Email settings (emails were not sent to the admin when adding a user to the course)
  • fixed: Error display when entering the wrong password
  • fixed: redirect from invalid course item
  • update: Spain language translation file
  • update: Author fee text changed to admin commission
  • update: Changed Website earning to Instructors Earning
  • added: Added per page setting for elementor courses carousel
  • added: Questions category added to LMS Menu
  • added: do_action added to custom routes and lesson (wp_footer, template_redirect)

  • fixed: Fixed checkbox field in STM LMS Settings

  • added: New fields in Certificate builder (course start date, course end date, current date, progress, co-instructor, course details)
  • added: Certificate linking with a specific course.
  • added: Items centering in Certificates
  • added: Pagination on the page Manage Students
  • fixed: Statistics display in Statistics and Payouts addon — total shows the amount only from completed orders.
  • fixed: Limiting the number of users when creating and editing the group
  • fixed: Visual bugs
  • fixed: Answers in the Question bank
  • fixed: Tabs display settings on the course page
  • fixed: Lines translations
  • fixed: Course purchase in subscription

  • updated readme links.

  • fixed Upgrading LMS DB Tables version.

  • added: Course expiration feature added
  • added: Password validation due to EU regulations added
  • added: Elementor and VComposer option added to limit instructors carousel
  • added: Option for Colorpicker popup position added
  • fixed: Courses archive load more after sort pagination fixed
  • fixed: Guest checkout logged in user fixed
  • fixed: Ru translation ineligible words removed
  • fixed: Removed certificates buttons in free version
  • fixed: Instructors Limit removed from archive page
  • fixed: Courses search glitch fixed
  • fixed: Courses import override curriculum fixed
  • fixed: STM LMS Courses Categories manual selection fixed
  • fixed: Add review button error fixed

  • fixed: Guest checkout with disabled subscription fixed
  • fixed: Faq string translation fixed

  • added: Added option to remove particular course tab
  • added: Added email to student when admin adds him to course
  • added: Certificate builder
  • fixed: Courses grid categories number fixed
  • fixed: Certificate checker now works with Google Classrooms addon
  • fixed: SCORM error message fixed
  • fixed: Fill the gap same answers fixed
  • fixed: True/False question creation/saving fixed
  • fixed: Chat message with “‘” symbol fixed
  • fixed: Question bank empty categories notice added
  • fixed: Double slash from plugin static files removed
  • fixed: Removed link to view Lesson/Quiz/Assignments comments
  • fixed: Added FullScreen support to Lesson YouTube video
  • fixed: Some RTL styles fixed
  • fixed: User profile classic style fixed with drafts functionality
  • fixed: Keyword question type js bug fixed
  • fixed: Added email for instructor after course approving
  • fixed: PO file updated with missing words
  • fixed: HTML parsing fixed in featured instructor
  • fixed: Quiz checking moved to POST method. Limit removed for question number in quiz
  • fixed: Bottom sticky panel script fixed
  • fixed: Assignment sending fixed for student
  • fixed: All instructors are now available in Co-instructor section
  • fixed: Courses grid load more + sort duplication bug fixed
  • fixed: Price and sale price can now be completely removed
  • fixed: Fixed “/” symbol deletion from curriculum section
  • fixed: Frontend quiz creation bug with question type fixed
  • fixed: Add Student console error removed

  • added: Demo import courses
  • added: Related courses
  • added: Course drafts added for instructors
  • added: Guest checkout for LMS/WooCommerce checkout
  • fixed: fixed translations and removed payout from submenu
  • fixed: enable elementor for lessons
  • fixed: fix dropdown in questions
  • fixed: Added image for quiz question
  • fixed: Auto-enroll for free course fixed
  • fixed: Notice banner field added for WPCFTO framework
  • fixed: WordPress 5.5 API route notice fixed
  • fixed: fill the gap fixed
  • fixed: Minor visual bugs

  • added: Course/quiz/question/global settings fully redesigned with new UI/UX view.

  • fixed: bug in instructor page mark_num
  • added: Styles for course widgets
  • fixed: Minor visual bugs

  • hotfix: stable tag bumped

  • fixed: critical bug with course file pack fixed

  • fixed: update field description and fixed translate bugs
  • fixed: WPCFTO version checking added to avoid conflicts with other STM plugins

  • Added the ability to upload videos to video lessons
  • Added video player in the lesson with the ability to restart from the point you stopped at.
  • Redesigned curriculum edition in admin and in frontend parts
  • Manage student added quiz overview for admin
  • fixed: Course link in dashboard
  • fixed: Minor visual bugs

  • Added shortcodes tab in STM LMS Settings
  • Updated documentation

  • Feature: Manage students by admin
  • Feature: Added Shortcodes (stm_courses_searchbox, stm_lms_courses_carousel, stm_lms_courses_categories, stm_lms_courses_grid, stm_lms_featured_teacher, stm_lms_instructors_carousel, stm_lms_recent_courses, stm_lms_single_course_carousel)
  • Feature: Added WPBackery modules (stm_courses_searchbox, stm_lms_courses_carousel, stm_lms_courses_categories, stm_lms_courses_grid, stm_lms_featured_teacher, stm_lms_instructors_carousel, stm_lms_recent_courses, stm_lms_single_course_carousel)
  • Feature: Added Elementor widgets (stm_courses_searchbox, stm_lms_courses_carousel, stm_lms_courses_categories, stm_lms_courses_grid, stm_lms_featured_teacher, stm_lms_instructors_carousel, stm_lms_recent_courses, stm_lms_single_course_carousel)
  • fixed: Announcement not showing in wishlist page
  • fixed: Assignment not sent
  • fixed: Minor visual bugs

  • fixed: readme changed

  • fixed: dashboard announcement banner

  • Keyword question type empty answer bug fixed
  • Add student feature default style bug fixed
  • Now course curriculum has practical use – if user is logged in and bought course, curriculum leads to lesson directly
  • Russian language updated
  • MasterStudy App banner added
  • Automatic registration for instructor feature added (optionally)

  • Minor bug fixes

  • New Lesson Style (Classic) added.
  • New Assign Students to Course feature added.

  • New Courses Attachments added.
  • New Course Finished Statistics menu.
  • Minor bug fixes

  • New Courses Filter added.
  • New Instructor menu.
  • Minor bug fixes

  • Instructor profile page issues fixed
  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Minor bug fixes

  • Fixed Error with BuddyPress installed
  • Three brand new question types added – Item Match, Fill the Gap and Keywords
  • Lost Password added to popup
  • LazyLoad for courses

  • WPML fix for course buy. Now it adds all translated courses to user
  • Certificate URL now works only for logged in user

  • After complete Quiz redundant “Back” button removed
  • Course Curriculum active tab fixed
  • Course bought with subscription now updates course enrolled students

  • Paypal IPN fixed

  • Bugs fixed, GDPR compliance

  • PDF Generation UTF-8 symbols added (most of languages support)
  • Search bug fixed (critical)
  • Email notification on user creating order/purchasing course for admin and user

  • Change Password + bug fixed

  • Lessons bug with several authors

  • Dashboard Announcement added

  • Certificate PDF Generator Open Sans Font added.

  • 8 Languages added in total
  • Bugs fixed

  • BUGS fixed

  • Russian and Turkish languages added.
  • BUGS fixed

  • POT file updated.
  • BUGS fixed

  • LMS Settings Save Button fixed.

  • Courses per row setting added.

  • POT file updated.
  • BUGS fixed

  • Added options to modify custom MasterStudy WordPress LMS plugin Routes as: Login, Wishlist and others.
  • POT file updated.
  • All links from routes changed in templates.

  • Login form “Forget password” link added. Bugs fixed.

  • Bugs fixed.

  • Instructor capabilities issue fixed.

  • Courses grid shortcode added.

  • Bugs fixed. Hooks and filter added.

  • Registration added in login popup as a tab.

  • Admin capabilities fixed

  • Admin styles and bugs with curriculum fixed.

  • Instructors Archive added.

  • LMS Price settings fixed.

  • LMS Admin styles changed.

  • Bug fixes.

  • Visual Bugs Fixes (.scss files).

  • First Version of Plugin.


text:
Between 1945 and 1990, Japan went from rags to riches, entering the ranks of the world’s wealthiest countries and posing a direct challenge to U.S. competitiveness. Today, China seems to be replicating Japan’s economic miracle — with a population 10 times as large. Like Japan, China combines statist industrial policies with export-oriented development. And like Japan, China has logged several decades of rapid economic growth.

Thus, the question: Is China becoming a serious economic competitor to the United States? Is China, in effect, a giant Japan?

Most Americans think so. Bookstores are filled with titles such as When China Rules the World and Becoming China’s Bitch, and opinion polls show that most Americans believe China is already the world’s dominant economic power.

As I show in a recent article in International Security, however, this view is a dangerous delusion held in the face of significant evidence to the contrary. For many reasons, China is unlikely to repeat Japan’s success. Most important, China is developing in a far more challenging international environment than Japan faced in the second half of the 20th century. As a result, its economy will remain more compatible than competitive with America’s for the foreseeable future.

Japan had the good fortune to rise during the Cold War. At that time, industries were mostly self-contained within countries, allowing Japan to cultivate internationally competitive companies through targeted investment and trade barriers. The United States, which needed allies against the Soviet Union, not only tolerated Japanese protectionism but also transferred advanced technology to Japan and subsidized Japanese firms.

China, by comparison, is rising in the WTO era. The world’s wealthiest countries no longer tolerate the sorts of protectionism Japan employed during the Cold War. Far from granting China special exemptions, the United States aggressively pries open China’s economy through WTO litigation and bars other countries from selling “dual-use” technologies to China.

In short, Japan enjoyed asymmetric openness — access to foreign technology and export markets but protection from foreign competition. China, by contrast, is simply open. Japan grew with essentially zero foreign direct investment (FDI). By comparison, China’s FDI stock equals 8% of its GDP; more than 70% of that FDI consists of wholly foreign-owned enterprises (as opposed to joint ventures); and foreign firms produce half of China’s exports and more than 90% of China’s high-tech exports.

Exposed to foreign competition, many Chinese firms eschew long-term investments in innovation and instead focus on lowering costs in existing manufacturing activities. For the past 20 years, Chinese firms’ R&D spending as a percentage of sales revenue has remained seven times below the average for Japanese firms. When Chinese firms import technology, they spend 25% of the total cost on absorbing the technology, far less than the 200% spent by Japanese firms when they were trying to catch up to the West in the 1970s.

As a result of this low investment, few Chinese firms have followed their Japanese predecessors up the value-chain to challenge American firms in high-value sectors. Since 1991, the United States has nearly doubled its lead over China in R&D spending, increased its lead in international patents by 35%, and nearly quadrupled its lead in shares of value-added in high-tech industries.

In the 1980s, Japanese leaders spoke openly about bankrupting American firms and turning the United States into an economic backwater. Today, by comparison, U.S.-China economic relations are characterized not so much by head-to-head competition for control of industries, but by a division of labor within industries and, often, within individual products — iPads, Intel computer chips, and Nike shoes, to take just a few examples, are all designed in America and assembled in China.

Of course, this system has turned China into a manufacturing juggernaut. But only 8% of American workers work in manufacturing, and many of those jobs are high-skill, capital-intensive jobs — think operating robots and writing computer code, not snapping together parts by hand — that are unlikely to be outsourced to China.

China is obviously an important economic player. Simply because of its size, it commands attention in global negotiations on trade, finance, and the environment. But China will remain poor and technologically underdeveloped for many years. As a result, its prosperity will remain dependent on ties to the global economy and, in particular, on good economic relations with the United States. For the past 30 years, the United States and China have grown their economies through a division of labor. This cooperation can endure, but only if Americans and Chinese disabuse themselves of the notion that they are locked in zero-sum economic competition.

This post is part of the HBR Insight Center on American Competitiveness.


text:
I’ve written before about the science that helps explain why and how constraints and limits, often in the form of intelligent, well-set stretch goals, result in more creative solutions.

Too often, though, managers set what appears to be a good stretch goal, only to discover that it did not produce the hoped-for innovative thinking. One common reason for this is that the goal was in fact not “stretch” enough. When I ask executives what they consider “stretch,” I commonly hear about 5% to 10% increments in improvement.

That’s not stretch enough, because a 5%-10% improvement often translates to people working harder and longer. A 25% improvement, though, while audacious and arduous, can rarely be met simply by sweating more. It demands innovative thinking.

Many executives are afraid to set such a high bar, however, for fear that some other area of the business will be compromised. That’s a very real danger. But there’s a technique that prevents compromise: intentional goal conflict.

To illustrate how intentional goal conflict can product breakthroughs, consider these
two examples of innovation — one product, one process — drawn from the annals of innovation at Toyota:

1. Product Innovation: The Lexus
When Toyota’s Ichiro Suzuki, chief engineer for the secret project that would become the first Lexus, issued the challenge to produce a luxury performance sedan that would beat the best luxury sedans — BMW 735i and Mercedes 420SEL — across the board in comfort, styling, performance, handling, cabin noise, aerodynamics, weight, fuel efficiency, and cost, the reaction from 1,400 engineers and 3,700 designers was unanimous: Impossible!

Suzuki’s goals included a top speed of 155 miles per hour (735i and 420SEL topped out at under 140), 22.5 miles per gallon (735i and 420SEL got less than 20), a cabin noise level of 58 decibels at 60 mph (735i and 420SEL were over 60), and an aerodynamic drag of 0.29 or less (735i and 420SEL were over 0.32), all in a vehicle weighing 80 pounds less than the 3,880-pound 735i.

Not only were the goals impossibly high; they all conflicted. For example, greater speed and acceleration conflicts directly with fuel efficiency, noise, and weight, because higher speed and acceleration require a more powerful engine. A more powerful engine is a bigger and heavier engine, and so it makes more noise and consumes more fuel.

But Ichiro Suzuki’s war cry was naukatsu, Japanese for “never compromise.”

The project demanded rethinking the entire concept of what automotive luxury performance meant. And one by one, the innovations came. Many mechanical components were completely redesigned. For example, the propeller shaft, originally in two parts connected by an angled knuckle, was replaced by a perfectly straight one, enabling a nearly silent cabin.

Contradictions began to be reframed as complementary. For example, aesthetics and aerodynamics could complement each other, by fitting window glass and door handles into the metal itself, producing a cleaner look and better airflow.

When the Lexus LS400 made its debut in 1989, it trumped the BMW 735i and Mercedes 420SEL in every category rated by Car and Driver. And for $30,000 less.

2. Process Innovation: Supply Chain
Toyota’s North American Parts Organization, an auto parts distribution division serving 1,200 retailers, accomplished a similarly impossible mission not long ago in their supply chain processes.

A newly-appointed general manager set a three-part stretch goal for the $2 billion dollar unit: reduce operating costs by $100 million, remove $100 million of inventory from the supply chain, and achieve a 50% improvement in customer service. She stunned her eighty or so senior managers by telling them she wanted these goals met in three years.

Again, cries of “Impossible!” rang out.

And again, no compromise. Putting their heads together, the managers arrived at ten key objectives that needed to be met in order to accomplish the mission:

  1. Reduce inventory by 50%
  2. Decrease backorders by 50%
  3. Reduce packaging expense by 50%
  4. Reduce damage by 50%.
  5. Increase throughput by 25%
  6. Improve safety/decrease errors by 50%
  7. Increase space utilization by 25%
  8. Decrease landfill usage by 25%
  9. Reduce freight costs by 25%
  10. Decrease lead time by 40%

These targets were audacious, to say the least. Such a high bar had never been attempted in the division. But the more aggressive targets actually engaged people’s brains in new ways and forced them to rethink and redesign processes.

The real secret, though, lies in a hidden dimension to how the goals were set. The ultimate mission of the initiative was to optimize the entire supply chain, but there are inherent conflicts existing between and among the various natural functions of any supply chain. The real art of the strategy was in recognizing those tensions, calling attention to them, and capitalizing on them to power new thinking and drive collaboration.

At first glance, the list of ten objectives seems like a simple master wish list. But take a second look. See if you can spot the tension points.

Here’s a hint. Take a look at the first two targets, inventory and backorders. In most supply chains, they’re opposite sides of the same coin. Increase inventory, and backorders drop. Decrease it, and backorders generally rise. So management brilliantly, yet counterintuitively, paired the two, pitting one against the other in order to generate creative tension.

If you look back at the list above, you’ll see that the ten targets are really five pairs of two conflicting goals. This simple graphic helps visualize the pairings:

Conflicting Supply Chain Goals

Not all of the stretch goals were met, but the organization came close enough: $100 million in cost savings, $90 million taken out of inventory, and nearly 40% improvement in customer service.

These two examples illustrate why you want your team to believe that their reach can and should exceed their grasp. “Impossible” and “out of your mind” can signal impending breakthrough. Innovative thinkers thrive on seemingly impossible targets. They hold the tension between conflicting goals, and use it as creative fuel.

After all, breakthroughs demand something to break through.