text:
‘I Wouldn’t Have Been Able to Play Dussie Had I Not Played Zola’: Taylour Paige on Making Art with Intention

No question, 2020 has been a rough year for pretty much everyone, but the tail end of August was particularly terrible for Taylour Paige. When we connect over Zoom, just three days after the world learned her Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom co-star Chadwick Boseman had died of colon cancer, Paige, understandably, is not quite sure how to respond when asked how she’s doing. “Lordy,” she says. “Let’s take a deep breath together.”

In Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, based on the August Wilson play and streaming now on Netflix, Paige plays Dussie Mae, the titular blueswoman’s lover who’s also caught the eye of Levee, an ambitious trumpeter played by Boseman. Dussie Mae and Levee are connected by a quest for freedom, Paige says, and so were the humans who played them. “He gave the cast gifts when we wrapped, and in my letter, he wrote, ‘May you find prosperity in your freedom,’” she recalls.

Next summer, audiences will (finally) get to see Paige as the title character in Zola, Janicza Bravo’s highly anticipated film based on an epic Twitter thread about a wild road trip two strippers took to Florida. Last week, A24 announced its release date with a cheeky reply to a Twitter user asking about Joe Biden’s plan to release the film: “We did it, Joe. #Zola in theaters 6/30/21.”

Zola and Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom are “completely different,” Paige says, but she doesn’t think she would’ve been able to play Dussie had she not played Zola first. “Zola and Dussie both, regardless of their environment, have a sense of integrity as to who they are. Either it’s, ‘This is who I am, and I’m not doing that,’ with Zola, or ‘This is who I am, and I am,’ with Dussie.” Read on for more from Paige about how she gets into character and the one thing that makes her cry tears of joy—despite everything.

I’m so sorry about Chadwick. What is your most treasured memory of working with him?

Every time Chadwick spoke, he had something to say. I know that sounds really oversimplified, but he just spoke with such discipline and intentionality. He was also pure and gentle and asked really interesting questions. He was curious and, you know, one of us. Of course, you retrace your steps because now you know he was sick. And in the beginning, he [kept] to himself a bit more, and with his people. But by the time we worked together—we had a whole day together—we were so playful. There’s a scene when my skirt goes up, and it was just fun, and he was just…beautiful. I felt so thankful at the end of the day. I was like, Thank you so much for allowing me to play. We had these moments, where I’m looking at him and he’s looking at me, and he’s like, “I’m gonna try it this way,” and I’m like, “Whatever you want.” It felt like we were holding each other’s hands symbolically. I feel like he should win an Oscar just for acting like he was okay.

ma rainey's black bottom 2020 l to r viola davis as ma rainey, taylour paige as dussie mae, and dusan brown as sylvestercr david lee  netflix

Viola Davis as Ma Rainey, Taylour Paige as Dussie Mae, and Dusan Brown as Sylvester in Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom.

David Lee

You play Ma Rainey’s lover, but your character has a thing with Levee.

Yes, they’re naughty. They have a little thing in the basement while the band is rehearsing, but we have chemistry throughout. We see each other. Both of our characters are on the quest for freedom, and that’s essentially why they see each other. They’re trying to get out, trying to live in their truth in a time where the world doesn’t accept them because they’re Black.

Are there any parallels to be drawn between Dussie Mae and Zola—maybe in how both women are familiar with the power of their beauty and sensuality?

I think I wouldn’t have been able to play Dussie had I not played Zola. The sense of agency that I had to surrender to be Zola—for me, personally, I was beginning my Saturn return, and I was at the pinnacle of tough times but also stepping into who I really wanted to be, and letting, you know, the ghetto 20s drift away. I knew that to be Zola I had to stop apologizing for my space. To play this beautiful force, I had to own it. Throughout my life, I’ve always been someone who, when I receive a compliment, I’m like ‘No,’ or make it a joke. And Zola—Aziah—knows who she is and celebrates that. With Dussie, she’s aware that the way people receive her is that she’s unaware, but that’s kind of her superpower. She’s like, Oh, you guys think I don’t see, but I’m actually an engaged observer, and I’m learning from all of you, and I’m definitely getting out of this situation. I’m gonna be free. I’m gonna find my way.

Have you met Aziah Wells, the writer of the Twitter thread?

She’s like my sister. We lean on each other to this day. Janicza and I always joke that [Aziah and I] must have done a past life together because we’re so divinely connected. Both of our cars broke down at the same time—weird life things were happening to both of us at the same time. I was in this weird in-between space in my personal life [when I first heard about the film]. I was like, what stories do I want to tell, and why am I telling them? There are a limited amount of scripts for a Black girl my age for things I actually care about. It’s getting better, but it’s a slow journey. And in being particular and intentional about what stories I want to tell, there have been times where I’ve been broke or in-between and I go back to working at the weed dispensary or this cool streetwear store or teaching kids acting or cleaning houses. I would much rather do that than some silly pilot about cops.

Had you seen the original Zola Twitter thread as it was happening?

I didn’t see it in real-time—I’m not really active on Twitter. But she’s an icon. The way she writes, I put her up there with, like, Toni Morrison. There’s so much imagery and description and the voices—it’s a very clear voice. When I first became aware of the script, it was very sexist and racist. I was like, “Eh, I don’t know. The script just doesn’t sound like this girl.” I still did a tape, and my agent was like, ‘Come on, it’s probably going to go to Sundance. We need this.” My agents are my family, but sometimes it’s like, you’re just pushing me to do this thing, and I’m fine not working right now even though I’m broke as hell. But she was like, “Just do the tape.” So I do the tape, and they were like, “Whoa this is really, really good.” But then the project went away. And then I got the Hustlers script, and I read it, and I was like, okay, it’s based on a true story, it’s about strippers…what happened with Zola? And my agent was like, “well it’s coming back, but you didn’t like it.” But by then I was in a different place and wanted to give it new eyes. She was like, “Well okay, there’s actually a new director and writer attached.” And I’m like, “Well, that’s important information!”

So I read it, and it’s fantastic. And I do the tape again, and I go in and get a callback, and now I’m talking to Aziah through Instagram, and she’s like, “You’re so me, it hurts. I’m not taking no for an answer. Bitch, no one deserves this more than us.” She was super supportive, and I felt really good that I had her blessing. When I found out I did get it, her mom reached out and was like, “We loved you, we were rooting for you, we’re so happy.”

riley keough and taylour paige in zola

Riley Keough and Paige in Zola.

That’s amazing. Did you and Riley Keough bond on set? I read that you saw a shooting star together.

To this day, I’ve seen three shooting stars in my life. One with my boyfriend, and two with Riley in Florida. Right away, she was like, “You speak my language.” We just get each other. She really is my best friend. We lean on each other a lot. We both feel like we’re still figuring out how to surrender to being in these bodies. I’ve never had someone have the right language to explain how it is that I’m feeling at times, because, not to get all esoteric and weird, but I can’t go many hours in a day without thinking about what the hell we’re all doing here. Like, what is this place? It’s just so bizarre. It’s a beautiful world, but it’s like we’re in purgatory, this great in-between.

Both Riley and I, the only way we make sense of it is by empathizing with the people we play. And in our real lives, just trying to be. We’re both air signs. We’re both in the clouds. We call each other balloons. That girl is really special. I just love her so much, and she’s had a very hard year.

“I’m still figuring out everything I am not, so I can be who I actually am.”

When I first saw Zola, I didn’t know you had a background in dance, and I was really impressed by your skills.

Thank you so much! Dancing was my first love. I was put into dance early [at age 2] because I was always moving around and a very ratchet and ADHD child. I’d hear ‘sit down!’ and then do a cartwheel. So it was like, ‘put this child somewhere.’ I was always making up dances with my cousins, but I spent a lot of time alone because my brother was eight years older than me, and my sense of escapism was creating a world and doing cartwheels and jumping off the garage. I was one of those kids who was like, “Look at me!”

But I started taking it seriously at 12 because that’s when my mom’s best friend, who was on Broadway, told me about a new dance studio run by Debbie Allen. I auditioned and received a scholarship, and Ms. Allen took me under her wing. I went to Italy with her when I was 13. I went to the Kennedy Center with her for three months when I was 15. She kind of saved me in a big way.

How did you make the transition from dance to acting?

I was 14 and doing a musical with Debbie Allen, and she invited this man, Stan Rogow, who produced Lizzie McGuire, to our rehearsal. He asked Ms. Allen, “Who’s the girl in the purple shorts?” And that was me. Shortly after, he became my manager. I was so naïve and green. I didn’t realize that imagination is something you can get paid to do. I know that sounds silly because obviously, I watched television. But I loved writing and storytelling and creating a world that doesn’t exist. I’ve always given my stuffed animals feelings. I would sleep with all of them around me and be uncomfortable so all my stuffed animals were comfortable.

taylour paige

Greg Williams

You were also going to Loyola Marymount University, and briefly worked as a Laker Girl.

I was working about two to three jobs the entire time, thinking, “as soon as I book, I’m outta here!” And I regret that. I wish I’d just focused on learning. I love sitting at coffee shops with a notebook and observing people and their mannerisms, and wondering, what is that person thinking? They have a whole life I’ll never know about. I just love and hate humanity.

I was a Laker Girl for three months and hated it. I thought it would be fun because I grew up in a Laker household. My brother would go to Lakers Camp every summer. But it was definitely not for me. I was getting auditions, but I’d have to miss them. I remember we were shooting our calendar, one of those sexy, silly calendars, and we were in the water. I said something to the camera, like, “Bet you wish you were in here!” And the director was like, “You’re not here to be the star. This is not the Taylour show.” It was just sad, dimming that light. But I get it. You’re part of a team. I mean, I am on a team called life, and I do want to help push humanity and consciousness forward. I want to be of service to this planet. I really do. But also, I’m not meant to be on a team.

That sounds awful.

It really was. I used to be embarrassed to talk about it. Blessings to all of those girls and the people who do love it, but that was just not for me. It felt really cruel. But also, I’ve always been someone who wants to paint outside the lines, and that’s not the space for that. I was immature and young, so I quit. A year after that, I got an audition for this television show called Hit the Floor. It was a fictitious show about the lives and loves of basketball dancers. Big learning experience, loved learning, but looking back, I wish I’d gone to New York and done theater and got to know myself, because when you’re 20, 21, 22, 23, you’re still auditioning for your personality. I’m still figuring out everything I am not, so I can be who I actually am. I came to a place on that show where I was like, “Okay, I love these people I work with, but what is the story I’m telling? Why am I telling it?” And I started having that kind of existential crisis, like, “Oh no, does this mean anything? What does this matter? Basketball lives? I got away from that in my real life!” There’s only so much expanding one can do. So after the third season, I left. And then I did this little indie film and became really intentional about storytelling and wanting to be challenged, and wanting to do things that aren’t necessarily like me or are uncomfortable.

I mean, looking back to Chadwick, look at the legacy he left behind in such a short period of time. Look at these people he stepped into, and what kind of surrendering of one’s self—but also lending of one’s self—you do to play someone like a James Brown or a Jackie Robinson, even Levee in our movie, or Black Panther. There’s such a checking in with one’s self and spirit to be able to actually do that—and do it well. And I started having that conversation with myself when I got off Hit the Floor. I was in this in-between holding period of like, not really booking, but also saying no and working all these random odd jobs. But I actually felt good because I feel like a lot of people would’ve just taken the money or gone out for pilot season and done things that didn’t align with them. I just don’t want to live a life like that.

Well, it’s working out.

Thanks, sister. It’s a work in progress. But look, you never get it done. That’s the good news and the bad news. We’re all eternal. And this is just a blip in eternity. But if I can be conscious of that, why do anything I don’t want to do?

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I know the past few months have been incredibly difficult. Have you been able to find spots of joy here and there?

Every day. I love going on walks. It’s my favorite thing. I volunteer with the Animal Rescue Mission and the Labelle Foundation. I found my soulmate dog—his name’s Juice—in December, and a couple months later I found out his mom, who was being fostered through her pregnancy, was back at the pound. It just didn’t sit right with me, so now we have her, too. Her name is Aretha. She was originally Athena but I changed it. Just spending time with these gentle, beautiful beings reminds me to be present. And just laughing. There’s this girl on Instagram named Yung BBQ. She’s really good at dancing, but also trolling, and she has me in tears, just seeing Black joy.

We’re in a very strange time right now, obviously, but I do feel like I also see so much unity and intentionality and kindness in the protests and seeing kids with signs that read Black Lives Matter and people with dogs that say if you’re racist I’ll bite you. Those little things bring me joy. Overall, I’m just getting to know myself and being compassionate with myself. I feel like we have been forced to not outrun ourselves anymore. I live so much of my life contemplating, like, what are we doing? You guys are on this fucking hamster wheel, and it doesn’t matter. It doesn’t fucking matter. What matters is, are you any good? With Chadwick passing, we’re all replaying those moments of stillness. Now we know he was battling something incredibly scary and uncertain, but he was still powering through in a way and saying things that mattered, that were substantive. Every syllable he spoke, he was living as if it could be his last day.

This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.

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Indian network behind disinformation campaigns against Pakistan exposed

Image courtesy: Shahadat Rahman for Unsplash

Originally posted in: Dawn News

Writer: Ramsha Jahangir

KARACHI: A European group has uncovered a network of obscure NGOs and think tanks that assist over 200 ‘fake’ news outlets managed by an Indian network to influence the European Union and the United Nations with content critical of Pakistan.

The ‘EU DisinfoLab’ is focused on researching and tackling sophisticated disinformation campaigns targeting the EU, its member states, core institutions and core values.

The non-governmental group in its initial findings earlier in November had uncovered a network of 265 ‘fake’ news outlets managed by an Indian network to influence the EU and the UN with content critical of Pakistan.

Source: EU DisinfoLab
Source: EU DisinfoLab

During the investigation, the DisinfoLab found that the fake websites copy-pasted anti-Pakistan content from unusual press agencies and amplified material shared by politicians and obscure think tanks that supported Indian geopolitical interests.

They republished anti-Pakistan content on the rest of the Indian network including fake outlets such as EP Today, Times of Geneva, and New Delhi Times. Most websites had Twitter presence as well.

EU DisinfoLab releases complete report, finding 265 ‘fake’ news outlets influencing EU, UN

The investigation discovered that the news outlets were managed by Indian stakeholders, with ties to a large network of think tanks, NGOs, and companies from the Srivastava Group.

Offline efforts with ‘fake NGOs’

In its full report released on Monday, the EU DisinfoLab also detailed offline efforts of the Indian network assisted by ‘fake’ NGOs and organisations responsible for anti-Pakistan lobbying events in Europe. The events were then given media coverage by the ‘fake’ news outlets.

The report also highlighted various obscure groups that had been coordinating demonstrations and social media campaigns against Pakistan every year during UN Human Rights Council sessions. They used the hashtag for Human Right Council’s live broadcast on each occasion.

According to the report, behind all the campaigns organised in Geneva against Pakistan on the subject of the treatment of minorities were the organisations – EOPM (European Organisation for Pakistani Minorities) and VOPM (Voice of Pakistani Minorities).

The issues raised in the campaigns were meant to steer criticism towards Pakistan for the state of minorities and persecuted groups in the country.

For instance in March 2017, the EOPM organised a three-day photo exhibition in Onex to highlight the issue of “atrocities” against Christians in Pakistan. Later in September 2017, a campaign titled #StopPakistan was launched to raise women’s rights in the country during the 36th session of the UN Human Rights Council.

The organization also issued a press release on the campaign. It reads: “The initiative has been taken during the 36th session of Human Rights Council in Geneva by Pakistani Women Human Rights Organisation and European Organisation for Pakistani minorities (EOPM). The European Organisation for Pakistani Minorities, an NGO, has displayed its posters on taxi bikes.”

The group also organised the #PakistanStopGenocide campaign on September 10, 2019, in front of the United Nations in Geneva, while the 42nd session of UN Human Rights Council was under way.

This campaign was about Balochistan and as had been the case with the other ones, it involved pitching a tent, having the hashtag in big letters in front of the UN in Geneva, and speeches and conferences by members of the network.

The report found that some Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) had engaged directly with the Indian network through various channels such as contributing to their media coverage, participation in conferences or by speaking in the European Parliament on behalf of their cause.

One such individual mentioned in the report is Madi Sharma, who also goes by the name Madhu Sharma, a British member of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) since 2002. She has written for EP Today and the New Delhi Times as their “EU correspondent”. She also sent MEPs invitations for a controversial trip to Occupied Kashmir amid ongoing restrictions.

Media coverage of such campaigns

The investigation found that these demonstrations were covered by the network of fake news outlets run by the Indian company, Srivastava Group.

In fact all of these websites had copy-pasted the same content from the very same sources, with those being EP Today, Times of Geneva, 4newsAgency, and New Delhi Times.

On April 30, 2019, 51 MEPs issued a collective letter addressed to Prime Minister Imran Khan, expressing their concerns and seeking assurances that the persecution of religious minorities would cease immediately. The letter and the signatories were published on EP Today.

From studying the content of one of the fake news outlets Times of Geneva, the European group’s report observed that themes and style of the demonstrations that they covered were similar and focused to discredit Pakistan such as campaigns to “stop [insert minority] genocide”, were held at the same time as UN Human Rights Council sessions, and complimented by Times of Geneva side-line interviews on the demonstrations with the same reoccurring figures.

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Category: Blog

**NOW RECRUITING** Sales Advisor – Full time – competitive salary.

By Dimensions Tiles,

**NOW RECRUITING** Sales Advisor – Full time – competitive salary.

An opportunity has arisen to join our successful family run business. Working in our Frome  showroom 5 days per week, helping our clients to select the right tile and bathroom products for their needs. Applicants must be confident dealing with members of the public and be computer literate. A driving licence is preferred and must be able to lift weights of up to 25kgs. To apply, send CV and covering letter to Colin Doolan at

COVID Lockdown 3.0

By Dimensions Tiles,

Following the latest Government announcement, while wanting to protect the health and well-being of all, it is with a heavy heart that we must once again close all our Showroom.

Government guidance states that every KBB showroom in the UK has to close and cannot even operate by appointment only. We will be monitoring all calls and emails should you wish to contact us on 01373 474817 or via email at

Businesses permitted to open

  • builders’ merchants and suppliers of products and tools used in building work and repairs. This does not include carpet stores, and showrooms such as those for bathrooms, kitchens, tiles, and glazing.

Updates will be posted on our website and Facebook page as and when government guidelines change.

Stay Safe, Stay At Home, Save Lives.

By Dimensions Tiles,

Our store is in England Tier 4 and open for order collection and counter service. We aren’t open for browsing.

Throughout these challenging times, safety has remained our number one priority. Due to the current COVID restrictions and following Government guidance, our store is in England Tier 4 and open for order collection and counter service only. Alternatively, please send you order via email to or call the store on 01373 474817.

Social distancing is easy in our store as it’s large and not over crowded, but we are controlling the number of people that can enter our store at any one time to further protect your safety. We are however not a busy retail environment which means you shouldn’t have to queue outside.

If you’re collecting an order, you’re able to collect from our warehouse or you can enter the store to collect your order from the counter. Please adhere to the strict social distancing guidelines and ensure you wear a face covering.

All of our colleagues have been provided with PPE including gloves and face masks, and are encouraged to wash their hands and equipment regularly throughout the day. We are continuing to follow government guidelines closely and ask that you please wear a face covering when visiting our stores.

Whether you are shopping online or in store, we are here to help.

By Dimensions Tiles,

In line with recent Government advice our showroom & warehouse are open as normal. Our customers and staff (branch, warehouse and delivery) have access to hand sanitisers and we are continuing to wash hands and wash down surfaces as advised. The health and safety of our staff, customers and suppliers is paramount and we are taking every possible precaution.

We will continue to follow Government advice and will post any updates here and on our social media channels should the situation change.

Thank you for choosing Dimensions.

COVID 19 Customer Update

By Dimensions Tiles,

Like most businesses we have been very concerned about how to service our existing customers safely, many of whom have installations continuing throughout lockdown. The government has just altered their advice in the past 24 hours and so we need to make some changes to the way we are operating.

The Showroom will now be closed to ‘walk in’ customers from the general public. However, please call 01373 474817 as we will continue to operate with a skeleton staff throughout the lock down for:

  1. Appointments in Store (by prior arrangement)
  2. Phone Orders
  3. Email Orders
  4. Deliveries (please call to book these in advance)
  5. Collections.

We take our duty of care to you and our staff very seriously and our premises is Covid safe with mask, hand sanitizers, social distancing and regular deep cleaning.

Just in case you are thinking ‘hang on a minute are bathrooms really essential goods?’ please spare a thought for many of our customers who are in the middle of bathroom refurbishments, many of whom would be left without adequate washing or toilet facilities if we were to close totally. In addition we support large numbers of tradespeople in the building industry who are working throughout the lockdown and require our support to get the equipment they need to continue their work.

So although we are closing to the largest element of our business (i.e. walk in ‘off the street’ customers from the general public) we will remain safely operating for anyone whose need is important and can’t wait till the end of lockdown. Please phone if you have any questions.

Staff will be at the premises Monday to Friday from 8:30am to 5pm and on Saturday from 9am – 4pm. If you have any questions please call us. Tel: 01373 474817

Common Questions:

Are you able to process my order and get the goods in over lockdown?

Yes, almost all of our suppliers are open for business in some capacity over the lockdown and we will be able to take orders and order your goods to be delivered as soon as possible. We can call ahead and check stock, but please allow for potentially slightly longer delivery times due to the lock down measures.

How will appointments work?

  1. Please call in advance to book a time to ensure we have a staff member available to serve you.
  2. When you arrive for your appointment please call our main number 01373 474817 and wait for staff to open the door.
  3. Please wear a mask and sanitise at one of our sanitation station.

I have an outstanding order, will you be able to deliver my goods?

Yes we will be running a normal delivery service but for your safety will be unable to enter your home apart from leaving goods in an outbuilding or garage. You won’t have to sign, we will just take your name and pictures of the delivery.

I want to collect my goods. Can I do this?

Yes. Please ring in advance to arrange this and we will ensure your goods are prepared for collection at the time agreed. When you arrive to collect please call 01373 474817 and a member of the team will attend to your needs.

We’re Staying Open

By Dimensions Tiles,

We are pleased to announce that it is our intention to stay open throughout the new national lockdown which starts on Thursday 5th November.

Frome Tile Ltd, T/As Dimensions Tiles & Bathrooms, falls into the category of ‘essential retail’ as suppliers to the construction industry, which is being encouraged to keep operating as normal.

Social distancing, face coverings and hand sanitising will continue to be a requirement throughout the business to keep our customers and suppliers safe.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to get in touch.


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DL 3 - Structuring ML Projects

Danger icon
The last modifications of this post were around 2 years ago, some information may be outdated!

This is my note for the course (Structuring Machine Learning Projects). The codes in this note are rewritten to be more clear and concise.

👉 Course 1 -- Neural Networks and Deep Learning.
👉 Course 2 -- Improving Deep Neural Networks: Hyperparameter tuning, Regularization and Optimization.
👉 Course 3 -- Structuring Machine Learning Projects.
👉 Course 4 -- Convolutional Neural Networks.
👉 Course 5 -- Sequence Models.

Case study (should read): Bird recognition in the city of Peacetopia.
Case study (should read): Autonomous driving (I copied it from this).

This course will give you some strategies to help analyze your problem to go in a direction that will help you get better results.

Introduction to ML Strategy

Why ML strategy?

  • "ML strategy" = How to structure your ML project?

  • Ideas to improve your ML systems:

    1. Collect more data.
    2. Collect more diverse training set.
    3. Train algorithm longer with gradient descent.
    4. Try different optimization algorithm (e.g. Adam).
    5. Try bigger network.
    6. Try smaller network.
    7. Try dropout.
    8. Add L2 regularization.
    9. Change network architecture (activation functions, # of hidden units, etc.)
  • However, don't spend too much time to do one of above things, we need to go right direction!

  • In orthogonalization, you have some controls, but each control does a specific task and doesn't affect other controls.
  • Chain of assumptions in ML:
    1. You'll have to fit training set well on cost function (near human level performance if possible).
    • If it's not achieved you could try bigger network, another optimization algorithm (like Adam)...
    1. Fit dev set well on cost function.
    • If its not achieved you could try regularization, bigger training set...
    1. Fit test set well on cost function.
    • If its not achieved you could try bigger dev. set...
    1. Performs well in real world.
    • If its not achieved you could try change dev. set, change cost function...

Setting up your goal

Single number evaluation metric

  • Advice : It's better and faster to set a single number evaluation metric for your project before you start it.
  • Example: instead of using both precision and recall, just use f1. Check this note.
  • Dev set + single row number evaluation metric \Rightarrow enough to make a choice!

Satisfying and Optimizing metric

  • It's difficult to set all parameters to a single row number evaluation metric \Rightarrow set up (many) satisfying + (one) optimizing matrix.
    • Satisfying (use threshold): satisfying this is enough.
    • Optimizing: more important, it's accuracy!
  • Example: call "Hi Siri",
    • Accuracy: is it awoken? \Leftarrow optimizing
    • False positive: it's awoken but we don't call it! \Leftarrow set the satisfying as less then 1 false positive per day!

Train/dev/test distributions

  • The way we set the distribution of train / dev / test sets can impact much on the running time.
  • Dev set = developement set / hold out cross validation set.
  • Advice: Make dev set and test set come from the same distribution!

Size of the dev and test sets

  • Old (less data, <100000): 70% train - 30% test or something like that.
  • Now (big data): 98% - 1% - 1%.
  • Test set: set your test set to be big enough to give high confiance in the overall performance of your system.

When to change dev/test sets and metrics

  • Sometimes, we put our target a wrong place \Rightarrow should change metric!
  • Example: cat classification,
    • Algo A: 3% error but contains porn \Leftarrow train / test error like this!

      Err (old metric)=1mdevi=1mdevL{ypred(i)y(i)}\text{Err (old metric)} = \dfrac{1}{m_{\text{dev}}} \sum_{i=1}^{m_{\text{dev}}} \mathcal{L} \{ y^{(i)}_{\text{pred}} \ne y^{(i)} \}
    • Algo B: 5% error but no porn \Leftarrow human like this!

      Err (adapted metric)=1ΣiW(i)i=1mdevW(i)L{ypred(i)y(i)}W(i)={1 if X(i) contains non-porn,10 if X(i) contains porn.\begin{aligned}\text{Err (adapted metric)} &= \dfrac{1}{\Sigma_i W^{(i)}} \sum_{i=1}^{m_{\text{dev}}} W^{(i)} \mathcal{L} \{ y^{(i)}_{\text{pred}} \ne y^{(i)} \} \\ W^{(i)} &= \begin{cases}1 \text{ if } X^{(i)} \text{ contains non-porn}, \\10 \text{ if } X^{(i)} \text{ contains porn}.\end{cases}\end{aligned}
  • This is actually an example of an orthogonalization where you should take a machine learning problem and break it into distinct steps:
    1. Figure out how to define a metric that captures what you want to do (place the target).
    2. Worry about how to actually do well on this metric (how to aim/shoot accurately at the target).
  • Conclusion: if doing well on your metric + dev/test set doesn't correspond to doing well in your application, change your metric and/or dev/test set.

Comparing to human-level performance

Why human-level performance?

  • Reasons:
    1. ML algos are now work better & easier (than the past) \Rightarrow only them is not enough \Rightarrow need human-level performance (HLP).
    2. Workflow of building ML system \Rightarrow wanna more efficient? \Rightarrow try to do something that human can also do.
  • Bayes error = best possible error (theory).
  • After surpassing HLP, it's slow down, why?
    1. HLP is very closed to Bayes optimal error. Ex: we can recognize things in blur.
    2. Whenever under HLP, there are certain tools to use to improve the performance but there is no tool to do after surpassing HLP.
  • So long as ML is worse than HLP, you can:
    • Get labeled data from human.
    • Gain insight from manual error analysis: why did a person get this right?
    • Better analysis of bias / variance.

Avoidable bias

  • Sometimes we don't want algo works TOO WELL on the training set \Rightarrow use HLP.

  • Example: cat recognition gives 2 different results (but the same gap between train & test)

    1. Big gap between train and human. \Rightarrow focus on reducing bias (bigger NN, run training longer,...) \Leftarrow Underfitting!
    Training error8%8%
    Dev Error10%10%
    1. Small gap between train and human. \Rightarrow focus on reducing variance \Leftarrow Overfitting!
    Training error8%8%
    Dev Error10%10%
  • Based on the human error \Rightarrow decide whether high/low error \Rightarrow bias / variance reduction!

  • Gap between human & training \Rightarrow Avoidable bias.

  • Gap between training & test \Rightarrow Variance!

Understanding human-level performance

  • Use the nearest value to Bayes error as a human level error! (the smallest)
  • The way we choose HL error sometimes can impact the way we improve our algo (bias or variance reduction)
  • Use human level error as a proxy of Bayes error!

Surpassing human-level performance

  • When training error less than human error, it's difficile to decide what's avoidable bias!
  • In some problems, deep learning has surpassed human-level performance. Example: Online advertising, Product recommendation, Loan approval. \Leftarrow Structured data.
  • In natural perception tasks (speech recognition, NLP,...): ML surpasses human!
  • In short:
    • Machine > human \Leftarrow structured data.
    • Machine > One person \Leftarrow some natural perception tasks.
    • Machine > human \Leftarrow natural perception tasks.

Improving your model performance

  • The two fundamental asssumptions of supervised learning:
    1. You can fit the training set pretty well. This is roughly saying that you can achieve low avoidable bias.
    2. The training set performance generalizes pretty well to the dev/test set. This is roughly saying that variance is not too bad.
  • To improve your deep learning supervised system follow these guidelines:
    1. Look at the difference between human level error and the training error - avoidable bias.
    2. Look at the difference between the dev/test set and training set error - Variance.
    3. If avoidable bias is large you have these options:
      • Train bigger model.
      • Train longer/better optimization algorithm (like Momentum, RMSprop, Adam).
      • Find better NN architecture/hyperparameters search.
    4. If variance is large you have these options:
      • Get more training data.
      • Regularization (L2, Dropout, data augmentation).
      • Find better NN architecture/hyperparameters search.

Error Analysis

Carrying out error analysis

  • Error Analysis = manually examining mistakes that your algorithm is making can give you insight what to do next.

  • Example: in cat recognition, there are some factors affecting \Rightarrow Consider a table ERROR ANALYSIS \Rightarrow Evaluate multiple ideas in parallel,

    ImageDogGreat CatsblurryInstagram filtersComments
    3Rainy day at zoo
    % totals8%43%61%12%

    We focus on Great Cats and blurry (have much influence).

  • To carry out error analysis \Rightarrow you should find a set of mislabeled examples in dev set \Rightarrow look at mislabeled: False Positive or False Negative (number of errors) \Rightarrow decide if to create a new category?

Cleaning up incorrectly labaled data

  • In training: DL algo is robust to random errors \Rightarrow we can ignore them!
    • However, DL algo is LESS robust to systematic errors.
  • Solutions: Using table Error Analysis to decide what types of error to focus in the next step (base of their fraction of errors in the total of errors).
  • (Recall) The purpose of dev set is to help you select between 2 classifier A and B.
  • If you decide to fix labels:
    1. Apply the same process to dev and test sets and make sure they come from the same distribution!
    2. Examine also on examples got right (not only on the ones got wrong) \Rightarrow otherwise, we have overfitting problem!
    3. Train vs dev/test may have different distribution \Rightarrow No need to be corrected mislabeled on training set!

When starting a new project?

Advice: Build your first system quickly and then iterate!!

  1. Quickly set up dev/test sets + metric.
  2. Build initial system quickly.
  3. Check bias analysis and Error analysis \Rightarrow Priopritize the next step!

Mismatched training and dev/test set

Training & testing on different distribution

  • Example: training (photos from internet, 200K), dev & test (photos from phone, 4K).
  • Shouldn't: Shufflt all 204K and split into train/dev/test!
  • Should:
    • Train - 200K (web) + 2K (mobile).
    • Dev = Test = 0.5K (mobile).

Bias and Variance with mismatched data dist

  • Sometimes, dev err > training err \Rightarrow (possibly) the data in dev is more difficult to predict than the data in training.

  • When comming from training err to dev err:

    1. The algo saw data in training set but not in dev set.
    2. The distribution of data in dev set is different!
  • IDEA: create a new "train-dev" set which has the same distribution as training data but not used for training.

  • Keys to be considered: Human error, Train error, Train-dev error, Dev error, Test error:

    • Avoidable bias = train - human.
    • Variance problem = train-dev - train
    • Data mismatch = dev - train-dev
    • Overfitting to dev set = test - dev
  • If there is a huge gap between dev & test err \Rightarrow overtune to the dev set \Rightarrow may need to find a bigger dev set!

  • Example 1: A high variance problem! (train/train-dev \to big, train-dev/dev \to small)

    • Human error: 0%
    • Train error: 1%
    • Train-dev error: 9%
    • Dev error: 10%
  • Example 2: data mismatch problem (train/train-dev \to small, train-dev/dev \to big)

    • Human error: 0%
    • Train error: 1%
    • Train-dev error: 1.5%
    • Dev error: 10%
  • Example 3: avoidable bias problem (because training err is much worse than human level, others are small)

    • Human error: 0%
    • Train error: 10%
    • Train-dev error: 11%
    • Dev error: 12%
  • Example 4: Avoidable bias problem and mismatch problem. (human/train \to big, train-dev/dev \to big)

    • Human error: 0%
    • Train error: 1%
    • Train-dev error: 1.5%
    • Dev error: 10%
  • Remark: most of the time, the errs are decreasing from human to test. However if (sometimes) dev > train-dev, we rewrite all above errors in to a new table like this,

    Error table
    Error table. Image from the course.
    We find by hand 2 6% errors to consider the quality of dev/test err. In the figure, your figure is infact GOOD!

Addressing data mismatch

  • Addressing data mismatch (don't garantee it will work but you can try):
    • Carry out manually error analysis \Rightarrow try to understand difference between training and dev/test errors.
    • Make the training data more similar or collect more data similar to dev/test set.
  • Artificial data synthesis:
    • "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" \Leftarrow shortest sentence contains all A-Z letters in English.
    • Create manually data (combine 2 different types of data). However, BE CAREFUL if one of 2 data is much smaller to the other. It may be overfitting to the smaller!

Learning from multiple tasks

Transfer learning

  • IDEA: already trained on 1 task (Task A) + don't have enough data on the current task (Task B) \Rightarrow we can apply the trained network on the current one.

    Transfer learning
    Transfer learning. Image from the course.

  • To do transfer learning, delete the last layer of NN and it's weights and:

    1. Option 1: if you have a small data set - keep all the other weights as a fixed weights. Add a new last layer(-s) and initialize the new layer weights and feed the new data to the NN and learn the new weights.
    2. Option 2: if you have enough data you can retrain all the weights.
  • Pretraining = training on task A.

  • Fine-tuning = using pretrained weights + use new data to train task B.

  • This idea is useful because some of layers of trained NN contain helpful information for the new problem.

  • Transfer learning makes sense when (e.g. from A to B):

    1. Task A and B have the same input X.
    2. You have a lot more data for task A than task B.
    3. Low level features from A could be helpful for learning B.

Multi-task learning

  • 1 NN do several things at the same time and each of these tasks helps hopefully all of the other tasks!

  • Example: Autonomous driving example \Rightarrow Detect several things (not only 1) at the same time like: pedestrians, other cars, stop signs, traffic lights,...

    Multi-task learning
    Multi-task learning. Image from the course.

  • We use Logistic Regression for the last layer. It's DIFFERENT from softmax regression because in this case, we need to determine more than 2 labels!

  • If there are some infos unclear in Y (e.g. don't know if there is a traffic light or not?), we consider only the rest and just ignore the unclear!

  • Multi-task makes sense when (e.g. from A to B):

    1. Training on a set of tasks that could benefit from having shred lover-level features.
    2. Usually: amount of data you have for each task is quite similar.
    3. Can train a big enough NN to do well on all the task.
  • In general (have ENOUGH DATA), multi-task gives better performances!

  • Other remarks:

    • Multi-task learning (usually) works good in object detection.
    • (Usually) transfer learning is USED MORE OFTEN (an better) than multi task learning!

End-to-end deep learning

  • There have been some data processing system require multiple stages of processing. \Rightarrow End-to-end does take all of them into 1 NN.

  • Example: speech recognition from English to French: this case, end-to-end works better than separated problems because it has enough data!

    End to end learning
    End-to-end learning. Image from the course.

  • Example: auto open gate system: in this case, separated task is better end-to-end.

    1. Determine the head.
    2. Determine the name.
  • When end-to-end works, it works very well!

  • Pros & Cons:

    • Pros:
      • Let the data speaks.
      • Let hand-designing of components needed.
    • Cons:
      • May need a lot of data.
      • Excludes potentially useful hand-designing components.
  • If having enough data \Rightarrow can think of using end-to-end!

  • Advice: carefully choose what type of XYX \to Y mapping \Leftarrow depends on what tasks you can get data for!

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Weekly Menu July 25-31, 2022

Hello! I am back from vacation and looking forward to a week of cooking. We ate out a lot over the past three weeks and I need to eat in a healthier manner. I have had enough fast food and chicken wings to last for a long time.

This week features one vegetarian meal, three vegan meals, two fish, and one beef meal. Friday’s green lentil curry is a new dish for us to make.

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The 22,000: Young peace-builders use their voices and creativity to campaign for NYC’s homeless children with a concert honoring Nelson Mandela 3rd Annual Children’s Choral &Arts Festival of Peace

Rita Pihra-Majurinen
Children’s Chorus of Bay Ridge

Brooklyn, NY, January 9, 2014 — “There are more than 22,000 homeless children in New York City which is the highest number since the Great Depression, and that fact is simply unacceptable,” say the organizers of the Children’s Choral and Arts Festival for Peace, which will celebrate its third year on January 26th. Co-directors Rita Pihra-Majurinen and Julia Hurn have made the plight of the city’s many homeless children a focus of the Festival this year. Through creating a venue in which to bring diverse children’s music and arts organizations together to foster peacebuilding, it is their hope to raise funds and awareness for the needs of the city’s 22,000 homeless children. This year’s event also honors peacemaker, Nelson Mandela, whose life inspired, and continues to inspire,millions to strive toward peace around the world.

The Festival includes performances by children of St. Saviour Catholic Academy, Leif Ericson Day School, PS 102 Chorus, and Children’s Chorus of Bay Ridge, along with an exhibit of artwork created by children from Brooklyn Public Library’s Explore & Create Art Class [Bay Ridge Branch], Bay Ridge Preparatory School HS Division, St. Saviour Catholic Academy, and Children’s Chorus of Bay Ridge. The afternoon concludes with activities for children, including an interactive art project, face painting, and refreshments.

For more information about the Festival and the mission and vision of the Children’s Chorus of Bay Ridge, please visit the website,


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Nicholas O'Hara Funeral Directors

Funeral Directors

Nicholas O'Hara Funeral Directors

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 Please leave a Review to support my business.

 independent funeral directors, family run funeral directors, Funeral Directors, O'Hara Funeral Directors, SAIF Care, Funeral Products

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Nicholas O'Hara Funeral Directors Ltd is a local, family run, independent funeral director covering Bournemouth, Poole, Wimborne, West Moors, Verwood and other parts of Dorset & Hampshire.

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content layout is different with Windows application

I have installed the evernote application under both Mac and Windows. However, when I copy the article from website, especially for StackOverflow. I found that the layout in windows version is totally different when I view it in the Mac. Windows one is fine but in Mac, it is totally a disaster. Is this the known issue?? Because I found that after I upgrade the application to the current version, the problem happens, but previous one is fine. My evernote version in windows is and Mac one is 6.11

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Wednesdays with White

Editor’s Note: We are taking a break this week on the blog from offering a new article by Dr. Randy White. Instead, we are providing a publishing update and a look behind our purpose in bringing you this material. Lord willing, we plan to resume next week with Dr. White's ongoing, foundational series, called Understanding Dispensations. We hope that these posts will continue to be a blessing to you. Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not [...]


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Connect with us

Executive Voice

Anthony Agyeman and Megan Shears’ company AMZ Handsfree is changing the scenario of the e-commerce industry

In this dynamic world of the internet, there have been many innovations happening. E-commerce also called as the online shopping has seen tremendous growth and it even changed the life of Anthony Agyeman, a serial entrepreneur from Houston, Texas. He is the founder of AMZ Handsfree, a company associated with Amazon which is the ultimate place for all the sellers on Amazon. Along with him, Megan Shears is successfully running the company which offers varied services like Amazon dropshipping, Amazon Private Label and Amazon Wholesale.

 Early beginnings

Mr Agyeman became an entrepreneur at the age of 16. During his teenage, he realized the potential of online business and how it can do wonders. In the year 2016, Anthony launched his clothing line which gave him a proper insight into online sales. Generating over a million dollars per month, Anthony has taken the e-commerce business to a completely new level.

 Working process of AMZ Handsfree

Doing all the work from guesswork to handling product research, AMZ Handsfree also takes care of order fulfilment and customer service. Firstly, they show how to make an Amazon Seller Central account after which they add themselves in the account to do rest of the things as a part of the process. Once the account is set up, the sellers are entitled to sell the products of any category online and make good profits through the sales.

 Learnings through the journey

Anthony and Megan both have excelled in the field of e-commerce today. Throughout their journey, the duo has learnt a lot of things from their company. They said, “Looking back, we have learned that many people did not properly know how to sell on Amazon. So, we designed a service that could bring them success as an Amazon seller and change their lives forever.” Megan further stated that their clients are now aware of the products to sell online and how to generate revenue through it.

 The growth of the business amidst COVID-19 pandemic

Ever since the coronavirus outbreak spread across the world, many businesses got severely affected by the pandemic. However, e-commerce and online businesses saw a drastic growth during the crisis. “Products like gloves, hand sanitizers, masks and disinfectants have seen humongous growth in online sales and many Amazon sellers have made good money out of it”, said Anthony. On a global level, Amazon hit 65% of the total e-commerce sales during the pandemic. Looking at the demand of online shopping, it seems that the consumers are no more keen to buy products through offline shopping.

Sahil is a serial entrepreneur and branding specialist. He also serves as a real estate investor and business consultant. He presently serves as the owner of The Brand Castle - Specialist in Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Web Design & Development and more.

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Top 12 Best Crafts From Old Things

To enjoy designer jewelry, you don’t need to spend tons of cash in the least. Just show touch creativity and use a couple of unnecessary things. Remaking old things not only protects the environment from excess debris but also develops creativity.

Handmade accessories are much nicer than people who are bought at the shop and provides the inside a singular character. This is often also an excellent thanks to preserving the best-seen furniture, which may be a pity to spare. After all, an old piano is often used as a desk, and a wheel can become an ingenious photo frame. The thought of a redesign doesn’t give any restrictions, So you’ll safely vent to your imagination and realize the foremost unexpected ideas.

If you’ve got any ideas, don’t worry! Team Diyhometalk offers you 12 of the simplest crafts from old things.

1: Armchair From An Old Suitcase

It will take tons of effort to remake an old suitcase into a chic retro chair. But definitely worthwhile, it looks amazing.

2: Photo Frame From Old Doors

Not sure where to place your photos? To do this, use the old door. After grinding and repainting, they’re going to become an ingenious decoration. You’ll make holes in them for photos or simply stick them.

3: Sofa From The Old Bath

Remember Holly’s couch from Tiffany’s Breakfast? you’ll do an equivalent yourself. It’s enough to chop the front of the old bathtub, grind the sharp edges and paint it in any color, To form the “sofa” comfortable, put a mattress and soft pillows thereon.

4: Table From The Old Piano

If you’ve got a love for the old piano, don’t rush to throw it away. It is often successfully used as a trendy desktop. It’s enough to get rid of the keys and replace them with a countertop.

5: Lamp From the Old Globe

Turn your old globe into a designer lamp. to try to do this, cut openings in it, place the sunshine bulb inside and fasten the cord. You’ll also make small holes around individual continents. Thanks to this, borders are going to be highlighted.

6: Children’s Toy Toothbrush Holder

An old toy is often a funny toothbrush holder. Just drill holes in it. This addition to the toilet will surely appeal to your children.

7: Disposable Spoon Candlestick

A unique candlestick is often made up of disposable spoons. Just glue them and paint them in your favorite color.

8: Wheel Photo Frame

An idea for lovers of two wheels. An old wheel is often used as a trendy photo frame.

9: Table of Old Doors

Another original craft from old devers a kitchen table. It’s enough to connect legs to them.

10: Skateboard Garden Swing

An old skateboard can easily become a garden swing. All that’s needed maybe a rope and an appropriate place to hold it.

11: Shelves From The Stairs

Shelves from the steps may be a hit within the interior. To get the effect, as within the photo, hang them the wrong way up. Add shelves between the steps.

12: Hanging Vases From Old Light Bulbs

Old lamps are often used as hanging vases. To do this, use pliers and screwdrivers to form it easier to get rid of the within of the lamp. In addition to tools, a lace is going to be needed, because of which the vases will create an ingenious hanging ornament.

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$88,655 EMV

Mobile Home
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Amy St
Anderson, SC 29626

This Mobile Home Tax Lien is located at Amy St, Anderson, SC 29626. This property is Tax Lien with an estimated market value of $88,655.
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Get the Foreclosure Address

Hillsborough, NJ 08844

This Land Foreclosure is located at Road, Hillsborough, NJ 08844. This property is currently bank owned.
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  • Source ID: 243111480
  • Day(s) On Site: 223
  • Parcel Number: 10 00169-0000-00013
  • Property Type: Land
  • Recording Date: 12-16-2021
  • Owner Mailing Address: PO BOX 3000
  • Document Book: 7410
  • Document Page: 1299
  • Document Number: 0000072616

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Properties listed as foreclosures have passed the point of auction or public sale. Because the properties were not sold at auction, the lender is now the owner and is engaged in the process of marketing and selling them to potential buyers through a local real estate agent or auction house. The longer lenders own properties, however, the more eager they become to sell, often at reduced prices.

First Steps to Buying a Foreclosure

Foreclosures often mean the original homeowner had some sort of setback that caused him to allow his lender to take the property. Rarely does a lender want to retain possession of real estate, so it will be motivated to move it off the books as quickly as possible. A fast turnover is what the lender is looking for, so a big part of the marketing plan might include pricing for a quick sale. In order to take advantage of foreclosed properties there are some basic steps to be followed:

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Valley born anti-revenge porn group BADASS turns one

  A group of local women who have given advice to Facebook, butted heads with Google and have helped thousands of victims of image abuse – more commonly known as revenge porn – are celebrating the first anniversary of their organization. Battling Against Demeaning and Abusive Selfie Sharing – BADASS […]


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Lake Name:

a lake.
Contact information
For information on Lakes in Wisconsin, contact:
Wisconsin DNR Lakes
Division of Water
Bureau of Water Quality
DNR Contacts for Island Lake

Winter Lakes Alliance [exit DNR]

Find A Lake > Sawyer County > Island Lake

Island Lake
Sawyer County, 69 Acres

Island Lake was monitored by volunteers between 2001 and 2010. Volunteers monitor water clarity with a black and white Secchi disk. Volunteers are the source of the majority of Wisconsin's lake water quality data, and their dedication is greatly appreciated. Reports and graphs featuring data collected by volunteers, DNR staff and others can be viewed below.

Water Quality Reports and Graphs

Station NameStation IDMapMax YearReports
Island Lake - Deep Hole583161Map2010Details


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Successful boards create visibility for board initiatives. Access to data and progress helps create accountability across staff and board alike. With Goal Tracking, you will be able to set goals for your organization, committees, and board members.

Organizations on the Essentials plan can track one goal at a time and organizations on the Professional and Enterprise plan can set an unlimited amount of goals.

Visit our Goals Overview Help Article to learn how to set, track, edit, & archive Goals.

Related Articles

Goals Feature Overview & Resource Links: create specific and measurable goals to track your organization’s key performance metrics.
Goals Overview: learn how to manage board performance by setting, editing, tracking & archiving Goals.

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Grouping Patterns
How to customize the transaction's grouping strategy

Since it is not always possible to identify the original signature of the endpoints within the application, you may see a different transaction for each value if the URL parameters reported in your monitoring dashboard, as shown below:
  • GET /api/users/123/profile
  • GET /api/users/56/profile
  • GET /api/users/824/profile
It is actually the same endpoint where only the user ID changes.
Creating the pattern GET /api/users/{user_id}/profile you can instruct Inspector to group all these transactions together.
The dynamic part of the transaction's name must be delimited by curly brackets ({...}), such as {user_id} in the example above.
You can also use multiple parameters inthe same string like:
GET /api/users/{user_id}/projects/{project_id}.

How to add a grouping pattern

In the top right corner of the transactions list you'll find a drop-down menu to access the grouping pattern section.
Click on the "Add new pattern" button and type your desired pattern in the form.
It can require some minutes to become active. Checkout your transactions list to verify if Inspector start grouping transactions as you expect.


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/plain

text: Kernel module signing facility ------------------------------ .. CONTENTS .. .. - Overview. .. - Configuring module signing. .. - Generating signing keys. .. - Public keys in the kernel. .. - Manually signing modules. .. - Signed modules and stripping. .. - Loading signed modules. .. - Non-valid signatures and unsigned modules. .. - Administering/protecting the private key. ======== Overview ======== The kernel module signing facility cryptographically signs modules during installation and then checks the signature upon loading the module. This allows increased kernel security by disallowing the loading of unsigned modules or modules signed with an invalid key. Module signing increases security by making it harder to load a malicious module into the kernel. The module signature checking is done by the kernel so that it is not necessary to have trusted userspace bits. This facility uses X.509 ITU-T standard certificates to encode the public keys involved. The signatures are not themselves encoded in any industrial standard type. The facility currently only supports the RSA public key encryption standard (though it is pluggable and permits others to be used). The possible hash algorithms that can be used are SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 (the algorithm is selected by data in the signature). ========================== Configuring module signing ========================== The module signing facility is enabled by going to the :menuselection:`Enable Loadable Module Support` section of the kernel configuration and turning on:: CONFIG_MODULE_SIG "Module signature verification" This has a number of options available: (1) :menuselection:`Require modules to be validly signed` (``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE``) This specifies how the kernel should deal with a module that has a signature for which the key is not known or a module that is unsigned. If this is off (ie. "permissive"), then modules for which the key is not available and modules that are unsigned are permitted, but the kernel will be marked as being tainted, and the concerned modules will be marked as tainted, shown with the character 'E'. If this is on (ie. "restrictive"), only modules that have a valid signature that can be verified by a public key in the kernel's possession will be loaded. All other modules will generate an error. Irrespective of the setting here, if the module has a signature block that cannot be parsed, it will be rejected out of hand. (2) :menuselection:`Automatically sign all modules` (``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL``) If this is on then modules will be automatically signed during the modules_install phase of a build. If this is off, then the modules must be signed manually using:: scripts/sign-file (3) :menuselection:`Which hash algorithm should modules be signed with?` This presents a choice of which hash algorithm the installation phase will sign the modules with: =============================== ========================================== ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA1`` :menuselection:`Sign modules with SHA-1` ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA224`` :menuselection:`Sign modules with SHA-224` ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA256`` :menuselection:`Sign modules with SHA-256` ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA384`` :menuselection:`Sign modules with SHA-384` ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA512`` :menuselection:`Sign modules with SHA-512` =============================== ========================================== The algorithm selected here will also be built into the kernel (rather than being a module) so that modules signed with that algorithm can have their signatures checked without causing a dependency loop. (4) :menuselection:`File name or PKCS#11 URI of module signing key` (``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_KEY``) Setting this option to something other than its default of ``certs/signing_key.pem`` will disable the autogeneration of signing keys and allow the kernel modules to be signed with a key of your choosing. The string provided should identify a file containing both a private key and its corresponding X.509 certificate in PEM form, or — on systems where the OpenSSL ENGINE_pkcs11 is functional — a PKCS#11 URI as defined by RFC7512. In the latter case, the PKCS#11 URI should reference both a certificate and a private key. If the PEM file containing the private key is encrypted, or if the PKCS#11 token requires a PIN, this can be provided at build time by means of the ``KBUILD_SIGN_PIN`` variable. (5) :menuselection:`Additional X.509 keys for default system keyring` (``CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS``) This option can be set to the filename of a PEM-encoded file containing additional certificates which will be included in the system keyring by default. Note that enabling module signing adds a dependency on the OpenSSL devel packages to the kernel build processes for the tool that does the signing. ======================= Generating signing keys ======================= Cryptographic keypairs are required to generate and check signatures. A private key is used to generate a signature and the corresponding public key is used to check it. The private key is only needed during the build, after which it can be deleted or stored securely. The public key gets built into the kernel so that it can be used to check the signatures as the modules are loaded. Under normal conditions, when ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_KEY`` is unchanged from its default, the kernel build will automatically generate a new keypair using openssl if one does not exist in the file:: certs/signing_key.pem during the building of vmlinux (the public part of the key needs to be built into vmlinux) using parameters in the:: certs/x509.genkey file (which is also generated if it does not already exist). It is strongly recommended that you provide your own x509.genkey file. Most notably, in the x509.genkey file, the req_distinguished_name section should be altered from the default:: [ req_distinguished_name ] #O = Unspecified company CN = Build time autogenerated kernel key #emailAddress = The generated RSA key size can also be set with:: [ req ] default_bits = 4096 It is also possible to manually generate the key private/public files using the x509.genkey key generation configuration file in the root node of the Linux kernel sources tree and the openssl command. The following is an example to generate the public/private key files:: openssl req -new -nodes -utf8 -sha256 -days 36500 -batch -x509 \ -config x509.genkey -outform PEM -out kernel_key.pem \ -keyout kernel_key.pem The full pathname for the resulting kernel_key.pem file can then be specified in the ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_KEY`` option, and the certificate and key therein will be used instead of an autogenerated keypair. ========================= Public keys in the kernel ========================= The kernel contains a ring of public keys that can be viewed by root. They're in a keyring called ".builtin_trusted_keys" that can be seen by:: [root@deneb ~]# cat /proc/keys ... 223c7853 I------ 1 perm 1f030000 0 0 keyring .builtin_trusted_keys: 1 302d2d52 I------ 1 perm 1f010000 0 0 asymmetri Fedora kernel signing key: d69a84e6bce3d216b979e9505b3e3ef9a7118079: X509.RSA a7118079 [] ... Beyond the public key generated specifically for module signing, additional trusted certificates can be provided in a PEM-encoded file referenced by the ``CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS`` configuration option. Further, the architecture code may take public keys from a hardware store and add those in also (e.g. from the UEFI key database). Finally, it is possible to add additional public keys by doing:: keyctl padd asymmetric "" [.builtin_trusted_keys-ID] <[key-file] e.g.:: keyctl padd asymmetric "" 0x223c7853


text:
• Log in

Python agent v4.4.0.103

September 11, 2018Download

This release of the Python agent introduces instrumentation for Sanic, and contains bug fixes.

The agent can be installed using easy_install/pip/distribute via the Python Package Index or can be downloaded directly from the New Relic download site.

  • Add instrumentation for Sanic framework

    Data is now automatically collected for applications using the Sanic framework. Data for Sanic applications will appear in both APM and Insights. Additionally, cross application tracing and distributed tracing is supported for incoming requests for Sanic applications. In addition to service maps, Sanic applications will now show the calling application in transaction traces. See the instrumented packages page for more details.

Bug Fixes

  • Explain plans were not generated when using psycopg2 named cursors

    When using named cursors in psycopg2, the agent attempted to generate an explain plan using the same named cursor. This resulted in a syntax error when the query was issued to the database. When using the default connection and cursor factories, the agent will now execute the explain query using only unnamed cursors.

  • Convert bytes-like SQL statements to strings before obfuscating

    If a bytes-like object is used instead of a string when making a SQL call, a traceback was seen in the logs with TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object. This issue has now been fixed.

  • Save settings to MessageTrace objects

    If an external call using an instrumented http external library (for example requests) was used within a MessageTrace, a traceback was seen in the logs with AttributeError: 'MessageTrace' object has no attribute 'settings'. This issue has now been fixed.

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Unity Cloud Code

A modern game requires a lot of components in order to be successful, such as an in-game economy, storage for player data, and dynamic settings configuration. Using these components from a player device is not always preferable because it can lead to security issues and introduce unnecessary complexity. Sometimes, you need to isolate your game logic away from the client device, such as when:

  • You need to instantly update the game logic without requiring the player to update their installed version.
  • You want to prevent malicious users from altering the client code, changing their state, and cheating. You might also want to prevent users from reverse-engineering your game logic.
  • You want to use multiple online services without making the game feel sluggish or difficult to write on the game client as you integrate with more server-side components.

Typically, you create and maintain a game server that can handle these use cases. However, effectively managing, scaling, and upgrading backend infrastructure can require a lot of effort. You also need to manage the compatibility of many components, including:

  • Hardware
  • Server security
  • The game API

By using Unity's Cloud Code to write stateless server-side code on a fully managed infrastructure, you can focus more on developing your game logic. Cloud Code automatically provisions server capacity based on load so you can ensure that your players receive a good experience without any lag or downtime. Cloud Code also ensures that you only pay for what you use because there are never any wasted resources when the game is not receiving traffic. In addition, because your code runs in a secure sandbox, you can protect your game logic from reverse engineering. Seamless integration with other Unity services allows you to write code that ties in multiple components without concern for authentication or compatibility. You can instantly deploy code to live games without rolling out a client update that would require users to update their installs.

Cloud Code functions are written in JavaScript. You can call these functions from games by using an HTTP request. Write, test, and debug functions from the Unity Dashboard in the same place you define the configuration for other services, such as Remote Config.

Typical workflow

The following process details a typical development cycle:

  1. Create a script. You can create a Cloud Code script through the Unity Dashboard. Select the type (currently only API scripts are supported) and add custom parameters.
  2. Write the code. Build from the example scripts or start from scratch. Easily integrate with other Unity services by using the Cloud Code API clients.
  3. Test and debug. Select Run on the dashboard and test the result of your function. Use the provided test players to validate the interaction with other services or add logging statements to debug issues. See Test running the script.
  4. Publish the script. Select Publish, makes the script available to the game client. This is the main mechanism for doing live updates on scripts, which are immediately displayed in the game.
  5. Integrate the script with your project. Import the Cloud Code SDK into your game and use one of the provided methods to call your script. See Unity Editor integration.

For more information about interacting with Cloud Code, see Cloud Code usage.

Example use cases

You can write much of your game logic with Cloud Code. However, it might not be obvious how to connect different services from within scripts or how doing so would fit in as a game mechanic. Explore the Use cases to better understand Cloud Code scripts and what problems they can solve. Examples include server time anti-cheat mechanisms, in-game coupons, and daily rewards.

For more advanced use, download the Unity Gaming Services Samples project to learn how to solve common game development challenges with Cloud Code, and read the Advanced use cases.


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April 13

HONESTY MONTH: DAY 13: “Once your soul is awakened, you never return to the sleepwalking state of mind. Some people become complacent in life. They are just going through the motions and not aware of truth. Seek the knowledge, wisdom, and the understandings that vivify your existence.”― Amaka Imani Nkosazana

There is a wonderful feeling of being alive when some form of awakening occurs. I can always see it in the eyes or hear it in the voice of kindred spirits who have had some insight and awareness. What a tremendous gift!

I did not expect that it would really happen in my life. Did not even dare to hope. I truly believed it would be just the cessation of drugs and alcohol that I could hope for. The rest seemed too “woo-woo” for me to achieve. I had been studying for many years before I ever got here, and did not understand those who had achieved great insight and awareness. How did it happen?

I practiced meditation for many years before I got here. I practiced for long periods without drugs and for periods on drugs. It was intense of some psychedelics, but I could not sustain the insights that came. I was searching for the spiritual way before I was searching for relief from addiction.

Some addicts are like that. Others are just trying to veg out. They will never do the intense work required to actually achieve something other than abstinence. They are in the majority. They go from one quick fix to another throughout their recovery, never reaching that space of awakening and awareness. That, I believe, is what the author of this quote is speaking about. Just sleepwalking. Doing enough to take the intense heat off and then cruising till the next upset.

I am grateful for the drive I have in me for more than just putting a finger in the dike. I want the whole enchilada of spiritual experience and have found the keys that fit for me. What a tremendous gift. I am always and forever grateful.

Published by: Kelly

I am a therapist and counselor with long-term recovery from addictions and personal trauma. My writing reflects these experiences and the road I have traveled in 12-Step recovery settings, along with the work I have done for over 30 years in the field. My love of dolphins includes the stories of them being healers in places all over the world. I long to offer every broken spirit and body the experience of a healing hug. May my words and stories inform, uplift and delight your spirit and soothe your weary heart.

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Skip Hire Doncaster

Kirkcaldy recycling Centre

Kirkcaldy recycling Centre is a local authority waste disposal facility located in the town of Kirkcaldy, Fife. Opened in 1985, it is the oldest and largest of Scotland’s four local authority waste disposal facilities. The Centre processes 1,600 tones of material per day, including 600 tones of recyclable materials. It also has the capacity to process up to 2,000 tones of waste per day.

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre is operated by Scot Waste Services Ltd., a Scottish public sector company wholly owned by the Scottish Government. Scot Waste Services Ltd. employs around 130 people at the Kirkcaldy recycling Centre and its associated facilities.

In addition to its role as a municipal waste disposal facility, the Kirkcaldy recycling Centre is also active in the area of Resource Recovery. This includes the operation of an anaerobic digestion plant that recovers energy and biogas from organic waste. The plant produces around 120 megawatts (MW) of electricity and 381 gigajoules (GJ) of renewable energy each year.

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre has won several awards for its environmental performance, including

What types of materials are recycled at the Kirkcaldy recycling Centre?

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre recycles a variety of materials, including plastics, metals, paper, and cardboard. They also accept electronics and appliances. The Centre also accepts tires, electronic waste, and construction and demolition debris.

How Does the Recycling Process Work at the Kirkcaldy Centre?

The Kirkcaldy Centre recycles a wide range of materials, including plastics, aluminum cans, and cardboard. The recycling process begins with sorting the materials into different categories based on their durability and value. Next, the materials are weighed and placed into designated bins.

The Kirkcaldy Centre operates a sorting machine that determines which material goes where. This machine scans each item and reads the barcode to determine its category. The sorting process is completed within minutes, so the recycling process is swift and efficient.

The Kirkcaldy Centre recycles more than just materials; it also collects electronic waste and batteries. All of this discarded material can be salvaged and used to create new products or recycled again. By recycling at the Kirkcaldy Centre, residents help protect the environment and reduce wastefulness.

What can be recycled at the Kirkcaldy recycling Centre?

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre accepts a wide variety of recyclable materials, including plastics, paper, glass, aluminum, and other metals. In addition to traditional recycling materials, the Centre also offers drop-off points for electronic waste and hazardous materials. The Kirkcaldy Centre is open Monday-Friday from 7:00am to 7:00pm, and Saturday from 8:00am to 4:00pm.

Waste Streams and Composting at the Kirkcaldy Centre

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre produces a variety of compostable materials from waste stream including plastics, food scraps and paper. All of the materials are processed into compost in a anaerobic digestion facility. The compost is then used to fertilize the gardens around the centre.

The Kirkcaldy Centre recycles a wide range of materials including paper, plastic, metal and electronic waste.

All recyclable materials are sorted and baled according to type before being taken to a local recycling plant. The Centre also composts organic waste which is used to fertilize the garden.

How much does it cost to recycle in Kirkcaldy?

Kirkcaldy recycling Centre is one of the busiest recycling centres in Scotland. Recycling in Kirkcaldy costs £2.50 per bin load, which is cheaper than most other Scottish towns and cities. This means that households can save money by recycling at the centre.

The cost of recycling in Kirkcaldy varies depending on the type of recycling you are doing. The average cost for recycled household waste is £5.06 per tone. This includes collection, sorting, processing and disposal. For bulk recyclable materials such as cardboard and plastic bottles, the cost is £8.04 per tone. The cost for industrial recycling is £10.60 per tone.

What happens to plastics and other materials that are not recycled?

When materials are not recycled, they can end up in landfills or be burned in the atmosphere. Plastics and other materials that are not recycled can take up to 450 years to decompose in a landfill. Burning plastic waste releases greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre processes plastics and other materials that are not recycled into new products. This process helps to reduce the amount of plastic and other materials that end up in landfills.

What happens to recycled materials?

The Kirkcaldy recycling Centre processes recycled materials from both households and businesses. The recycled materials are used to create new products or materials. This process helps reduce the amount of waste that is created, and it also helps to improve the environment.

The recycling Centre processes recycled materials to create new products and materials. The different types of recycling are broken down into three categories: municipal, industrial and electronic. Municipal recycling is made up of materials such as plastics, aluminum cans and paper products that can be reused by the public. Industrial recycling is made up of materials such as metals, textiles and electronics that can be reused by businesses or consumers. Electronic recycling is made up of energy-saving products such as computers and televisions that can be recycled for their valuable components.

If you’re looking to divert waste from the landfill and help save energy in your local community, then a recycling centre like Kirkcaldy’s is a great place to start. Not only do they offer an easy way to recycle your unwanted items, but they also run campaigns encouraging people to reduce their waste output. Whether you’re new to recycling or have been doing it for years, there’s no reason not to give Kirkcaldy’s a try.

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serving western pei

(902) 853-5036

374 Lower Montague Road Lower Montague, Prince Edward Island C0A 1R0

3 Bedroom 2 Bathroom
Fireplace Forced Air, Furnace, Stove Waterfront Acreage Landscaped

Nothing to do here except enjoy the view! If you are looking for peace and solitude, this large & lovely 3 bedroom, 2 bath home, located on over 17 acres of waterfront is waiting for its new owners! This property is HUGE- with 330 feet of water frontage on the Montague River, the possibility of having your own dock, a beautifully manicured bonus lot (with it's own driveway!) and room for plenty of development out back (the property runs all the way to Route 17!), you have many options at 374 Lower Montague Road. There are 2 family rooms, a fabulous screened in deck and lots of storage, as well as a wine room, main floor laundry, fabulous storage, a primary bedroom with a huge walk-in closet & built-in dressers, partially finished basement- (with bar, rec room, wine room)....the list goes on! Updates include: vinyl windows, roof (in 2017), 100 amp breaker panel, ROTH oil tank, cozy wood stove in the kitchen. Home is wired for transfer switch if you want to run a generator. The home also offers a 30 x 16 Shop and a 24 x 12 outbuilding, mature trees, crab apple & fruit trees, blackberry bushes, rhubarb, shrubs and flowers. Large back and front decks to enjoy your property from! All this and more, located 5 minutes to Montague! All measurements to be verified by purchaser if deemed necessary. (id:47244)

Property Details

MLS® Number 202216690
Property Type Single Family
Community Name Lower Montague
Community Features School Bus
Features Treed, Wooded Area, Rolling, Circular Driveway
Structure Deck, Barn, Shed
View Type River View
Water Front Type Waterfront

Bathroom Total 2
Bedrooms Above Ground 3
Bedrooms Total 3
Appliances Central Vacuum, Jetted Tub, Range - Electric, Dishwasher, Dryer, Washer, Microwave Range Hood Combo, Refrigerator
Basement Development Partially Finished
Basement Type Full (partially Finished)
Constructed Date 1922
Construction Style Attachment Detached
Exterior Finish Wood Shingles
Fireplace Present Yes
Fireplace Type Woodstove
Flooring Type Carpeted, Hardwood, Laminate, Linoleum
Foundation Type Poured Concrete
Heating Fuel Oil, Wood
Heating Type Forced Air, Furnace, Stove
Stories Total 2
Total Finished Area 2441 Sqft
Type House
Utility Water Drilled Well

Detached Garage
Parking Space(s)
Paved Yard

Access Type Year-round Access
Acreage Yes
Land Disposition Cleared
Landscape Features Landscaped
Sewer Septic System
Size Irregular 17.8 Acres
Size Total Text 17.8 Acres|10 - 49 Acres

Level Type Dimensions
Second Level Bath (# Pieces 1-6) 9x9.2
Second Level Bedroom 16.8x12.6+12x5.5 Primary
Second Level Bedroom 15.5x14.2 Bed 2
Second Level Bedroom 15.9x11.7 Bed 3
Basement Recreational, Games Room 22.8x17.7
Basement Storage 17x18 Srorage with Furnaace
Basement Storage 10.10x9.9
Basement Other 8x3.6 Wine Storeage
Main Level Kitchen 16x13.4
Main Level Dining Room 22x12.6
Main Level Living Room 13.2x10.1
Main Level Family Room 15.9x12
Main Level Bath (# Pieces 1-6) 11.9x10.1 With Laundry
Main Level Sunroom 15.8x11.1

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Humor, Mommy Lessons,

I Think Life Might Be A John Hughes Movie

peer pressure

I have been preparing this week for a speech I need to give to a group of women. I have done this a number of times before, and I am pretty comfortable speaking in front of people.  Did I mention I have a compulsion for giving impromptu speeches at other people?s rehearsal dinners.

I was young then.  Not as many fears.  Why is it as I get older, I worry about other people?s opinions more?  I feel like the Molly Ringwald character in Pretty in Pink when she walks into prom without a date.  What would they think of her dress?   What will people think of me?  Will Duckie be there?

I truly believe that everyone cares to some degree what others think of them.  It is the motivating factor to certain types of behaviors.  What we wear, how we look, what we say.  The same issues our kids deal with on a daily basis we, as adult women, contend with as well.  It is a fact that we all judge each other.

I tell my kids all of the time.  “Worry about what you do, not what other people will say.”  Easier said than done.

I do believe as we get older, we do care less about other people’s opinions.  For me, that time has not come yet.

So nerves…check, prepared…check, trying to set a good example for my kids…check.

And even though he was a jerk, I do kind of want the James Spaders of the audience to like me, too!  high school bullies

Tags: 80's movies, acceptance by peers, giving speeches, judging,


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How can you get the extension from a File upload control ?

 Posted by Akiii on 3/3/2014 | Category: ASP.NET Interview questions | Views: 1791 | Points: 40

var extension = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(FileUpload1.FileName);

Here, FileUpload1 is the name of the File upload control.

Asked In: Some Interviews | Alert Moderator

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On Sale

Organic Jersey Seagulls

Sale price

  • - £-9.49
  • Regular price £9.49

    Please note: All fabrics are sold by the half metre. This means that a quantity of one equals 50cm, multiple quantities will be sent as a continuous piece.

    ( / )
    Click here to be notified by email when Organic Jersey Seagulls becomes available.

    Lightweight four way stretch organic jersey fabric, suitable for t-shirts, tops, dresses, skirts, leggings, etc. The seagulls are 12cm tall. Washable at 40C, delicate cycle.

    Composition: 95% Organic Cotton, 5% Elastane

    Colour: White, blue, petrol, mustard, black

    Width: 150cm

    Tax included. Shipping calculated at checkout.

    Product reviews


text:
Sunday, August 19, 2012

Simple Slaw

This week is my last at home in good old Knoxville for a while- Heading out to start a new adventure in Vancouver, BC, on Wednesday! I am crazy excited about starting grad school, but I am definitely sad to leave my favorite people in Knoxville.. This week has been filled with lots of lovely times with my friends and fam. As a last true southern meal (we are transplant Canadians) my dad made some amazing smoked ribs. We ate them with baked potatoes, and this awesome coleslaw! This a simple and delicious recipe that my family has made for years, totally different from the creamy kind you get in restaurants. Definitely worth a try!

  • 1 cabbage
  • 1 bunch green onions
  • 2 carrots
  • 3 radishes
  • Salt and pepper to taste

  • 1/3 cup oil
  • ½ cup vinegar
  • 1 tsp sugar
  • Pinch garlic powder

Shred and chop ingredients finely. Add dressing to taste. Chill for 1-2 hours before serving.

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