But I havent money The meaning here is present


This type may be used when the supposition or wish is contrary to known facts


If I knew French I would work with a different ministry But I dont know French


If I were you Id not listen to the young man


But I am not you


This construction is also used when one doesnt expect the action in the if clause to take place


eg If I contracted AID S I would tell everyone but I dont expect to contract AIDS


Other ways of expressing conditionals


The following words may be used to express conditional clauses


Whether even if unless but for otherwise provided suppose even though and incase


a Even if  even though


You must go tomorrow even if you are not ready


b Whether or  if  or


You must go whether you are ready or not


You must go if you are ready or not


c Unless  affirmative verb  if  negative


eg Unless you go to school you will not succeed in future


You will not succeed in future if you wont go to school


d But for  if it were not for  if it hadnt been for


But for my grand father I wouldnt have gone to school


If it hadnt been for my grand father I wouldnt have gone to school


e Otherwise  if this doesnt happen  didnt happen  hadnt happened


We must be back before midnight otherwise will be locked out


f Provided that


This can replace if when there is a strong idea of limitation or restriction


It is chiefly used in permission


You can go to class provided that you dont make noise


h Suppose  supposing  What if


Suppose the bus is late  What will happen if the bus is late


Suppose can also introduce suggestions


eg Suppose we visit him in hospital  Why dont we visit him


i Incase


An in case clause gives a reason for the action in the main clause


eg I wrote a telegram in case my letter didnt arrive


NB An in case clause can be dropped without changing the meaning of the main


clause In a conditional sentence however the action of the main clause depends


on the action in the if clause If the if clause is dropped the meaning of the main


clause changes


j If only


This is used to indicate hope wish or regret


If only  present tense will express hope


eg If only I pass in the forthcoming exams  I hope to pass in the forthcoming exams


If only  past  past perfect  this will express regret


eg If only I had known I would have worked harder


6 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH


When one is using the direct speech


a The exact words of each speaker are enclosed in inverted commas


eg Father please buy me an English text book I said


b A comma is placed just before the closing inverted commas


eg She said come here


c Every time there is a change of speaker one must begin on a new line


eg  Did you write the essay the teacher asked


Im sorry I was unwell I replied


d Sometimes when there are only two speakers we can tell whose speech comes next


so the writer does not always have to indicate the speaker by saying he said or she


asked


eg Are you calling your teacher a liar


No sir


Are you tired of working hard


This record shows youve no real interest in English


e Speech tags may appear before in the middle or at the end of the direct speech


I said  Father theres a snake in my bedroom


Father  I said  theres a snake in my bedroom


Father theres a snake in my bedroom I said


f The speech must always start with a capital letter but when the sentences is broken by


a speech tag the second half of the sentence will start with a small letter


A comma must also be placed immediately after the speech tag


eg  James  Jane shouted our team has won


g When a speech tag comes after a complete statement a question or an exclamation


mark the next word starts with a capital letter


INDIRECT SPEECH


The indirect speech seeks to clarify information not quite understood


The indirect speech uses the speech tags used in the direct speech keeping the tense of the speech tag of the direct speech


The speech tag of the indirect speech can also be suggested by the tone or intention of the indirect speech


Some of the common speech tags are he said she wondered I replied they reminded she ordered he commanded she shouted they said I thought etc


The pronouns usually change in indirect speech depending on who is reporting the speech and to whom he is reporting In changing pronouns the general rule in reported speech is as follows


The time of the events usually changes according to the speech tag used and the time the original speech is supposed to have been made


Below are some of examples


The number of verbs in direct speech remains the same in reported speech This is necessary if the meaning of what is said is to be retained


SPEECH AND TENSE


a Single verbs in the present tense in direct speech change into single verbs in the past


tense in the reported speech


eg I feel sick she said


She said that she felt sick


b Compound verbs with two elements in the present tense change into compound verbs


with two elements in the past tense


eg I have been singing in the choir she said


She said that she had been singing in the choir


d Statements in the direct speech already in the past tense retain their form of speech


eg I saw him run he said


He said that he saw him run


I intended to become a wrier she said


She said that she intended to become a writer


Reported questions


When reporting questions the rule about tense harmony applies to reported questions as


to direct speech statements


If the introductory part he said she remarked are in the past tense then the verb in direct speech becomes a past tense verb when reported


eg He asked  where is Jane


He asked where Jane was


Questions in direct speech become statements in reported speech therefore with a normal subject  verb relationship


What is your name  She asked


She asked what my name was


INVERSIONS


Certain verbs and adverbial phrases can for emphasis be placed first in a sentence or clause and are then followed by the inverted form of the verb


Below are some of words and phrases commonly used in inversions


Hardly ever


This is a negative adverb of frequency ie it expresses how often in a negative sense


eg He hardly ever goes to see her


Hardly ever does he go to see her Inverted


Hardly scarcely and barely are almost negative in meaning


Hardly is mainly used with any ever at all or the modal can


eg I hardly ever use my mother tongue in school


Inversion hardly ever do I use mother tongue in school


Other words used in inversion include


Never hardlywhen in no circumstances neithernor no soonerthan not onlybut also not till nowhere on no account only by only then when scarcely ever scarcelywhen seldom so


Examples


She doesnt in any circumstance accept bribes


In no circumstances does she accept bribes


They had hardly alighted from the bus when the accident occurred


Hardly had they alighted from the bus when the accident occurred


He had no sooner taken the water than he began complaining of stomach pains


No sooner had he taken the water than he begun complaining of stomach pains


It is written nowhere in the Bible


Nowhere is it written in the Bible


This book must not on any account be borrowed


On no account must this book be borrowed


He became so furious that he begun shouting


So furious did he become that he began shouting


8 SENTENCE CONNECTORS


Connectors are used to bring cohesion in a written text


Below is a table containing the commonly used connectors


CONNECTORS EXPRESSING


Below are a few sentences with some of the connectors listed above


1 In spite of the hot weather the scout walked twenty kilometers contrast


2 I was exhausted so I sat down to rest Consequence


3 Many insects for example the praying mantis can fly Illustration


4 Mutua performed very well as a matter of fact he was the best in class Emphasis


5 He washed the dishes then went to play Sequence


Besides poor pay lack of proper training is a cause of poor job performance


UNIT 8 EXERCISES ON PHRASES CLAUSES AND SENTENCES


EXERCISE 8 A


Mention the type of underlined phrases in the sentences below and state their functions


We saw him in the morning


The bright girls were all awarded


No one knows where it was hidden


They keep all sorts of things in the dilapidated building


a b


The shortest girl in class shouted


The man in a brown jacket grumbled loudly


They saw the wounded stray dog


He admired the girl with a bracelet on her arm


They went to the scene where the accident had occurred


I saw her get into his house late in the evening


EXERCISE 8 B


Identify the subject s Direct object DO Indirect object IO Adverbial A or Complement C in the sentences below


eg Jane gave the book to Mike


S DO IO


They worship in the morning


I bought her a new dress


Who saw him


Many students join bad peer groups


The boys have finally washed their blankets


No one came home


They found her body dumped into the river


See what she has done


Alex threw it under his bed


She is very humble


EXERCISE 8 C


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each


Someone saw him Change into negative


He came by bus Write the interrogative


Either Sifuna or Wekesa saw the suspect change into negative


They found all the books in class Change into negative


Did they see her sneak Provide a negative answer


EXERCISE 8 D


Change the following sentences into passive


The school admits all sorts of students


They will have been washing our clothes


He saw her


We have invited her to the party


The headmaster gave a present to the best student


Keep it inside the box


The researchers singled out indiscipline as the cause of poor academic performance in the district


Maintain silence


The headmistress allowed the girls to go home


Someone had cleaned my shoes and ironed my shirt


They were questioning her when the mother arrived


I saw him shoot the animal


He reminded me to wait patiently


We find fish in water


No one has told us to go home


Who saw it


The local council will tarmac all the major roads


You must wash all your clothes


Dont trouble me


Where did they keep it


EXERCISE 8 E


Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions given in brackets


If he comes he will not be punished Begin Unless


a If he has a bicycle hell lend us


If he had a bicycle hed lend us


Give the difference in meaning


If it hadnt been for my sister I would have dropped out of school


Begin But


a Dont visit me if you need help


b Dont visit me unless you need help


Unless you work hard you will be disappointed Begin If


a You mustnt go home if youve completed your duty


You mustnt go home even though youve completed your duty


a See the doctor if you are unwell


See the doctor incase you are unwell


give the difference in meaning


Suppose the man doesnt come Begin What


We must be back by eight otherwise the gate will be locked Begin If


If it were not for the bank loan Id have run out of business Begin But for


EXERCISE 8 F


Rewrite the sentences below in reported speech


Keep it in the box he told her


I am going to buy a bicycle next week he said


Lie down The robbers commanded us


We have been ordered to go home now The girl said


I will see you the day after tomorrow The teacher told her


We must go now The policeman said


This book is Kiokos I left mine in the library She said


Do you know where Judith comes from He asked his mother


Do you love me Romeo asked her


No one will suspect us the robbers said


EXERCISE 8 G


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets


He doesnt in any circumstances accept bribes Begin In


They had just walked out of the building when the bomb went off


Begin No sooner


We had hardly arrived when we were ordered to go back home


Begin Hardly


They have never seen her Begin Never


Such hospitality cannot be found in any other member of the family


Begin In no


She seldom uses her mother tongue Begin Seldom


The snail reached the ark only by perseverance Begin Only


Gold cannot be found anywhere in this district Begin No where


He never asked questions in class Begin Never


She rarely goes to the movies Begin Rarely


This book must never be borrowed on any account


We must not give bribes We must not get bribes


join into one sentence using neither


No sooner had she walked out of the hall than someone shouted at her to go back


She never never listens to good advice


Correct the sentence maintaining the same emphasis


I him see ever never Rearrange the words to make a meaningful sentence


It is not written anywhere in the Bible that God helps those who help themselves


Begin No where


They never go for practice Change into affirmative


Hardly ever does he go to see her Begin He


Do they write poems Begin Are


Do they write poems Rewrite in the affirmative form


EXERCISE 8 H


Complete the passage below by inserting the correct word or phrase from the list given after the passage


In general I do not enjoy large towns i I think that Mombasa is quite an enjoyable place ii I enjoy the warm relaxed atmosphere of the coast and the variety of cultural influences iii  there are the ancient buildings of Fort Jesus and the Old Town which are always worth a visit


I never feel bored when I stay in Mombasa v  I look forward to going there as a break from the dullness of everyday life


In fact furthermore to begin with however consequently


PART TWO


INTERGRATED GRAMMAR EXERCISES


EXERCISE 1


Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions given in brackets Do not change the meaning of the original sentences


Dont pretend you dont know what I need Begin It is no use


Dont talk to me like that He bellowed at him Rewrite in reported speech


Many countries have banned the taking of marijuana Begin The taking


Johns leg had been broken by a log in his early teens Begin John had had


They keep tea in a thermos flask change into passive


Replace the underlined words with one word


We had to call a man who repairs broken pipes


Five people who travel in space perished


My sister is training as a dealer in stocks and shares


I have an enormous desire for food


He was skilled in the game of shooting with bows and arrows


Fill in the blank spaces in the sentences below with the correct form of words which have opposite meaning to the ones provided in brackets


He has  properly in this town lose


The demonstrators  again to hold another meeting disperse


He was such a  looking man that the children avoided him harmless


The police  the dead body bury


Everybody is  in Gods eyes ugly


Rewrite the following sentences in their inverted form


You can only pass in the exams by working hard


You shouldnt talk to your mother like that on any account


The car was so damaged that it was beyond repair


They scarcely visit her


This is a beautiful watch Begin What


EXERCISE 2


Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets


He spoke about it to  humble  us


Exposing yourself to cold is  injury to your health


He had  lie on the bed


The hunt for the robbers has  intense


She has  him a son bear


Write one word which replaces the underlined idioms


1 I wish Mutuku was not so full of himself


The boys were full of beans before they went into the field


He entered the boxing ring his heart in his boots


Mwaura was in trouble but he refused to throw in the towel


5 Ouma says that most politicians are full of hot air


Fill the gaps below with appropriate phrasal verbs formed from the verbs in brackets


A terrible problem  crop in the boys hostel


His job application was turn


Hepick her  at the bus stage yesterday


They  shout their class master


She is very brave She hardly  give


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets


I like Physics more than Chemistry use prefer


Health is preferable to wealth Begin Id rather be


The road was very slippery We couldnt reach it join the two sentences using too


Neither peter nor Stanley hashave been paid use the correct verb


EXERCISE 3


Fill in the blank spaces with the correct alternatives provided in brackets


He  Him  and I  me killed the snake


It appears to be  he  him


You  Me  I  and  me  I  you are good friends


I  Me  went for a picnic


Me  I  am available


use question tags to complete the following statements


No one saw her


Going to school while untidy is shameful


James is your friend


They dont sell books


You cant swim


Rewrite the following sentences according to instructions given after each


The sick man ate less and less He became weaker and weaker


Begin The lesser


They were so upset that they could hardly speak Begin So upset


The people who were involved in the accident were hospitalized


Replace the underlined clause with one word


The refugees have been taken back to their original homeland


Do go away Rewrite this command in the interogative


Complete the following passage using the correct preposition for each of the blank spaces


Visiting a game park is an interesting experience From the moment you arrive  i the park gate to the moment you leave you can never predict what you may see It is not always easy to spot lions or cheetahs as they can be hiddenii the tall grass  iii all animals perhaps the antelopes are most common although some species are rare Hopefully now that the sale of ivory is being restricted elephants will be saved  iv extinction However it is still very important to educate our young people  v the importance of our natural heritage


EXERCISE 4


REwrite the sentences below using an if construction in each case Do not change the meaning


eg He eats too much thats why he is overweight If he did not eat so much he would not be overweight


Juma does not read books that is why hes poor at spelling


He had not paid the rent that is why he was evicted


They havent any matches so they cant light a fire


Our team had no time to practice thats why the lost


You may get home before I do so dot wait up for me


Use the correct phrasal verb forms of put in each of the sentences below


He just could not  his idea to the classmates


Please do not feel  if I dont invite you to my party


The case was  to next week


The rebellion was  by the army


Of late she has  a lot of weight


Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions given


There was very little water in the cars radiator Rewrite using any


Children are not as polite as they used to be Rewrite using than


Jerono said that Jane had stolen her bag Begin Jane


He wouldnt admit that he knew she was overworked use denied


I cant stand rice even if it is cooked very well Mary said


Rewrite in reported speech


Fill in the blank spaces using the correct form of the word in brackets


We had thought that the  donations would be more generous


A lot of our college buildings are being  modern


Has Mutua always been  fame


Although Jude was wealthy she dressed  expensive


Our  mobile was greatly hindered by the bad weather


EXERCISE 5


Give short answers to these questions Begin with Yes or No


Do you think its going to rain


Must we finish this work today


Did Ochieng score any goals


Is this your book


Have you been working hard


Complete the following sentences using whichever of the following is appropriate STILL YET ANYMORE ALREADY


Mambo does not live in Mombasa  He moved to Voi


The children have not gone to bedThey are  watching television


Is Joyce  here No she has  left


Thank you for all your help I wont trouble you


Have you finished your homework


Fill in the blank spaces with the correct form of the word in brackets


Kadilo is i  rage by the supervisor when he


ii  malice accuses him of laxity How is it possible He asked himself It is true that ever since Kadilo joined the organization he has been working with a lot of iii  zealous His promotion to a senior clerk has made some of his workmates iv  envy of him He has decided to go and talk to his head of department and he is v  that the director will soon learn the truth


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each


He would rather pay the fine than be imprisoned Use Prefer


I will be travelling home tomorrow John told her Rewrite in indirect speech


The captain deserves more praise than any other member of the team


Begin No


The head master did not make such a statement at any point in his speech


Begin At no


The speaker accepted an amendment  the motion use a preposition


EXERCISE 6


For each of the following sentences replace the underlined words with a phrasal verb which begins with the word in brackets


When she told him the story he got more cross work


It took Kitilo several hours to regain consciousness come


The detective penetrated the criminals disguise see


The truck stopped at the barrier pull


They surrendered to the police give


Add question tags to the statements below


Mike left school last year


I am the one who made you succeed


She is one of us


Help me


No one is coming


Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the instructions given after each


a Did you make that table yourself


Did you make yourself that table


What is the difference in meaning


It is amazing that he scored a gold medal Begin That


We have never had such heavy rains at this time of the year


Begin Never before


Is this the only grey car you have in stock Begin Havent


He is greatly admired because he is generous


Use because of  In place of  Because


d Use the correct form of words in brackets to fill the blanks in the sentences


below


I believe he  work in the office at this moment


My grandfather  work as a shopkeeper when he was young


I  be successful if I had taken my work seriously


This years cricket competitions  hold in South Africa


She  be admitted in hospital last week


EXERCISE 7


Use the correct alternative to fill in the blanks in the sentences below


Neither  he  him nor  I  me  is  are to blame


Bob is a good friend of  me  mine


A friend of  our  ours  us  live  lives in Britain


All the expenses must be authorized by   I  me  my


Mutua and  me  I  bought shares in the bank


Choose the word that best completes the sentences below


The farmers were very angry  about  with the resolutions passed at the meeting


We agreed  with  on the general procedure


He is sitting  on  at the table for lunch


They arrived  in  on time for the lesson


He furiously drove  in  into the garage


Choose the option which is most nearly opposite in meaning to the underlined word


It was a very exciting performance


Amateuristic


Dreary


Objectionable


Degrading


The criminal was apprehended by the police


arrested


charged


released


imprisoned


3 It is obvious he was guilty


pure


innocent


guideless


In mistakes


4 This mechanism is very simple


ornate


difficult


hard


intricate


5 Every body likes to work with lazy people


indolent


inactive


active


lethargic


d Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each Do not change the meaning of the original sentence


I will go to Tinas party on condition that I am invited It takes place this evening


Rewrite as one sentence beginning Unless


Put yourselves in the place of the man whom Judith deliberated infected with HIV He told the class Rewrite in indirect speech


Nganga says he prefers coffee to tea Rewrite using better


After a new headmistress was appointed results began to improve


Begin Subsequent


They did not grant him permission to leave school earlier change into passive


EXERCISE 8


Fill in the blank spaces below with the correct form of words in brackets


She sang beautifully to  accompany of the guitar


It was  advantage to her group


The girl accepted the trophy in  prefer to a cash reward


Robbery has become a common  occur


He is a very  humour character


Without changing the word order punctuate the following verse to give it an opposite meaning


To show our simple play we come


In unkindness we do not come


To make happy and give delight


We are not here to make you sad


Here are the actor


Choose the correct alternative to complete each of the following sentences


You must  advise  advice your friend to learn to keep time


You should  devise  device new methods of revising


Mary wondered on what  principal  principle his behaviour was based


Maisha Mapya bookshop has been supplying the school with stationery  stationary


Muthoni is pursuing a  course  coarse In Mombasa Polytechnic


d Provide the most suitable prepositions for the sentences below


The soldier was punished neglect of duty


The thief was disguised  an official from the Ministry of Education


They descended  a noble family


My uncle disposed  his old car


The man died  Malaria


EXERCISE 9


Rewrite each of the sentences below according to the instructions given Do not change the meaning of the original sentences


The players played very well They were each rewarded with a trophy


Begin So


Catherine is brown She is a University student She is nineteen She is cheerful


Rewrite as one sentence without using a conjunction or relative pronoun


President Kibakis speech inspired me a lot Rewrite using the word inspiration


Do you think it will rain today She asked her mother


Rewrite in reported speech


Video programs are preferable to radio programs Use than


Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete each of the following sentences


I shall not admit any  liable whatsoever


He smashed his small radio in  furiously


The  broad of this road is inappropriate for large trucks


Of the two actresses Carey was the  good


The plane crash was very  horror


State the tense into which each of the following sentences falls


I have just talked to the headmaster


I had talked to the headmaster


We need to be wary of AID S


They went away


They are discussing about him


Choose the best alternative to fill in the gaps in the sentences below


Her eyes were  lively that her face seemed illuminated


a such b rather c so d as


Men given  crimes of violence and brutality must be imprisoned for life


a by b to c with d at


A black and  cow were grazing


a the white b a white c white d any white


I am  obliged to you


a little b too c much d so


There were  books in the library So we were required to buy our own


a a few b some c few d many


EXERCISE 10


Rearrange the following sets of words so as to form sensible sentences


There rumored it be been that will has not you


a he meeting missed mystery why the is attending


Had we hardly started house gone rain when into the  the


Myself I playing hurt when


Fail likes no one exams to  in


Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the instructions given Do not change the meaning


The students swept all the classrooms change into passive


The man was wealthy He would not share his wealth with his children


Begin Although


Hassan did not complain He did not report to the police Hassan neither


She never came late to school last year Begin Not once


Our journey will start tomorrow  Ruth told Njeri Rewrite in reported speech


Replace the underlined words in the sentences below with appropriate phrasal verbs


Anyango despises her little sister


I could not tolerate him because of he misconduct


The little girl resembles her father


Jane removed her shoes


The meeting was postponed


Identify the errors in each of the following sentences and rewrite the sentences correctly


Me I was there


He hanged his shirt on the sun


John wore a black trouser


The building had its roof blown off


My family has stayed here from 1990


EXERCISE 11


Choose the correct word from the alternative given


From which box did the thief steal  rob


Mike prevented  avoided his class from cheating


We had let him lain  lielay where he had fallen


The logs had been lied  lain  laid very badly


They are growing  withdrawing  getting rather tired of waiting for her


Use the roots of the following verbs to form the corresponding nouns adjectives and adverbs


VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB


Beautify


To hope


To be happy


To fear


To doubt


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given Do not change the meaning


Tom cannot go and Frank cannot go either Rewrite usingnor


He couldnt seem to get out of the habit Begin He seemed


We have some bananas left change into negative


She wanted to eat some bananas but she found  at the grocery


Use an appropriate pronoun


She wanted to eat some bananas but she didnt find  at the grocery


Fill in with an appropriate pronoun


Change the following sentences into passive voice


They did it yesterday


They never look at the books


I lost it


She asked me who I was


I have kept it secretly


EXERCISE 12


Explain the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences


a He was in bed


b He was on the bed


a I have a brother who is a doctor


b I have a brother who is a doctor


a He is faster than Njoroge


b He is even faster than Njoroge


a He was at the building


b He was in the building


a The amount was shared between the members of the family


b the amount was shared among the members of the family


Rewrite the following sentences in the tenses as directed in brackets


Simple present  He sings


1 Simple past


2 Past perfect


Present perfect


Simple future


Past perfect continuous


Rewrite the sentences below changing the expressions in brackets into their correct Possessive form


The book of Charles is lost


The PTA supports the decision of the head teacher


he game of the children ended in tears


the farm of my father is in Naivasha


The quarters for the teachers are vacated


Rewrite the following sentences into passive


Mutua brought the book


Maina qurrelled Kimani over the lost money


The headmaster promised them a reward


The government is constructing several bridges over most rivers in Machakos


The DEO closed the school indefinitely


EXERCISE 13


a Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions givens in brackets


Europeans live longer than Asians


Begin with Europeans and without using the word longer


The security officer didnt report the incident correctly


Replace the underlined words with one word Do not use the adverb correctly


A tarmac road has many benefits to the local farmers Begin A tarmac road is


They continued being hostile to us Begin They went


This is my brothers backpack Rewrite in plural


b Change the following sentences into direct speech


I told him I could not wait any longer and that I had to catch the ten oclock bus


He ordered him to stand up and leave the room


Mary replied that if it were not for his help she would not have managed to entertain such a large group


They asked us why we hadnt visited them


Tina exclaimed that she was so excited that she did not know what to do next


Fill in the blank spaces with the correct form of words in brackets


He waited i anxiety for the letter to arrive Everyday he walked to the post office and every day he returned empty handed Finally in ii desperate he wrote to Lillian begging her to write He couldnt believe she had iii   forget as she was always so iv


rely correspondent Then he began to worry that something had happened to her An accident A sudden illness Eventually he decided to phone her He was therefore filled with v astonish to hear her cheerfully answer the phone


Fill in the blank spaces with phrasal verbs which have the same meaning with the words in brackets


Dont pass  the information I have given you release


You will fall off that bicycle if you dont look  take care


You must work hard if you want to get  in life succeed


I put the meat on the table and the dog made  with it run away


We fell  over a question in history quarreled


EXERCISE 14


Put some or any in the spaces left out


Have you  bananas


I havent bananas


Ask my sister she usually has  bananas


There is  string in the cupboard


There arent  scissors in the drawer


Complete each of the following sentences by using the comparative or superative form of the adjective in brackets


The  of the two factory chimneys was demolishedhigh


My third cup of coffee was  sweet


July is the wet month of the year


The second recording was  clean than the first one


That is the  usual film ever to have come out of Zaire


Put few a few little or a little in the spaces provided


He has  in New York so he should be quite happy there


He has  money He can hardly buy food


people want to die


kindness goes a long way


people volunteered but some preferred to stay at home


Change the sentences below in the tenses as directed


Simple present  We go to Nairobi


Future perfect continuous


Past continuous tense


Past perfect continuous


Simple past


EXERCISE 15


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each


Moses finished his work early He went to bed at seven Begin Having finished


If the team is late for the match it will be disqualified Begin Unless


Josephine was absent from school for a whole term She passed her exams Inspite


I like rice more than Ugaliuse prefer


Those unkind men have messed up our lives Use the passive


Fill the gaps in the sentences below with the most appropriate alternative from the choices given


The streets in Nairobi are becoming more and more


over loaded


populous


congested


overburdened


The announcement of his retirement was timed to  with the twentieth anniversary of the company


concur


coincide


conform


appear


This fruit juice needs  before you drink it


Ameliorating


softening


dissolving


diluting


I am afraid you missed the  of my argument


subject


topic


concept


point


The suspects were  by court in Nairobi


acquainted


acquitted


acquired


requited


For each of the following sentences choose the word which means the same as the underlined words


Danja is a well known criminal


famous


strong


notorious


daring


She kept company with evil men


virtuous


vicious


wicked


unkind


Julias health is going from bad to worse


un improving


imperfect


deteriorating


ameliorating


The teachers confiscated the stolen books


auctioned


locked


seized


carried


A wise person always gives good counsel


advise


advice


council


cancel


d Write two possible meanings for each of the sentences below


Lucy fed her dog biscuits


They gave her horse feathers


He sent her love letters


He fed her duck eggs


I bought her fruits juice


EXERCISE 16


a Give the difference in meaning in the following pairs of sentences


a I spoke only to Juma


I only spoke to Juma


a They eat both meat and fish


They both eat meat and fish


3 a Judith made herself a dress


Judith made a dress herself


4 a Mike stopped to smoke


Mike stopped smoking


a We hit the spoon


We heat the spoon


Complete the following sentences putting the correct form of the word in brackets


Mike thought that it was an  to pass in Mathematics possible


The old machine was no longer  rely


Judges should not show  part when passing judgements


Her behaviour was very   question


The students made a wrong  assume about their new teacher


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given


He increased the speed of his car He pressed the accelerator hard Combine into one sentence using by


Those girls are likely to be late for school Begin Theres


No body could find our books Rewrite to end in found


This piece of art is quite attractive Rewrite using an


His car is not as fast as hers Begin Her


i Write words which have the same pronunciation as the words below


Queue


flower


Main


Dye


Reed


EXERCISE 17


Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions given after each


She likes working I also like working Rewrite as one sentence to end in I


She opened the door and greeted me with a smile Begin Opening


My friend has an elegant watch Begin A friend


She must go immediately Change into past tense


How can he smoke cigarettes in school Use dare


Explain the difference in meaning in the following sentences


a He ran so fast that I could not overtake him


b He ran fast so that I should not overtake him


a The school has employed a librarian and storekeeper


b The school has employed a librarian and a storekeeper


3 a We found the empty room


b We found the room empty


4 a We stopped to talk


b We stopped talking


5 a I regret saying that he was a thief


b I regret to say that he was a thief


Rewrite the following sentences into reported speech


I have never understood the concept of filling a whole page with just one signature The minister joked


Almost five million people in the horn of Africa are facing critical food supply problems She observed


Bullying has been prohibited in all schools The principal reminded the boys


What must I do to be saved The jailer asked Paul


We are having visitors from Uganda next week The headmistress announced


Use the best alternative to fill in the gaps in the passage below


Remote sensing can be defined as the science i and  or  art of obtaining information iiof  about an object area iiiand  or phenomenon through the analysis iv by  with  of data acquired v by  through a device that is not in contact with the object area or phenomenon vi on  under  about investigation


Early advances vii  of  in remote sensing viii


includes  include aerial photography which has overtime advanced to now encompass state ix  of  on the art space borne remote sensors or satellites Remote sensing can be broadly categorized as xeither  neither active or passive


EXERCISE 18


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets


He became so sick that he was unable to stand Use too


His remarks annoy me Begin I am


It is possible that he had taken cover Begin There is


Her dress has been torn Begin she


Unless someone pays the bill hell be arrested Begin If


Use some any much or many


There are boys in the old dorm  will be shifted to the new one


There was hardly  water in the tap


of the water sold by unlicensed peddlers is contaminated


Come  time in the afternoon you will not fail to find one in office


of what youve said makes no sense


Add appropriate prefix to the underlined words to give the sentence an opposite meaning


Kamau is a very efficient electrician


The former government encouraged literacy


The students in that school are disciplined


Who says it is possible to get As in English


She says the journalist was decent


Fill in the sentences below with the correct form of verb in brackets


The hen had laid  lied  lain four eggs


We  lied  lain lay  laid on the sofaset


She had  lay  laid  lied  lain


He  lied  laid  lain to the students that the sun moves round the earth


He  lied  layed  lain  lay the backpack on the floor


EXERCISE 19


She needs to be looked after Rewrite to end with looking after


The students complained that the dorm was too hot Use complained of


We are waiting for the principal to speak Use Principals


That surprised us Begin That was


How comes that she defeated me Correct the sentence


Rewrite the following sentences correctly


She bought a black and a white TV


Of the two girls Agnes is least interested


Its mine


Please repeat it again


He does it anyhowly


Rewrite the following sentences in the tenses as directed in brackets


Simple present  They watch television


Simple past


Past Perfect continuous


Present perfect


Present continuous


Future perfect continuous


Change the following sentences into passive


I will have been driving the car


They lay logs at the shed


I compiled a report on Devil Worship in Secular Music


Who wrote the book


They dont recognize the effort of hard working teachers


EXERCISE 20


Rewrite the following sentences according to the instruction given in brackets


We did not need to go Begin It


The bag was too heavy to carry Use so


He insists to go Rewrite the sentences correctly


Muslims go on a trip to Mecca Use the correct word instead of the underlined


He was the cleverest boy in school Rewrite using cleverer


Distinguish the difference in meaning in the following pairs of sentences


a My brother has gone to Britain


b My brother has been to Britain


a We gave him money to help us


b We gave him money for helping us


3 a He said it to annoy me


b He said it to my annoyance


4 a He is a just man


b He is just a man


5 a Jane is my elder sister


b Jane is my older sister


Give two possible meanings for each of the following sentences


He greeted the girl with a painful hand


Watching the TV a cockroach scurried across the cabinet


They lay eggs on the floor


Washing machines can be expensive


Eating my food a rat ran out of the kitchen


Complete the following statement with appropriate question tags


Someone saw the need to write this book


The book was recommended by our class teacher


Everybody is now good in English grammar


It is the best grammar book in the market


No one will fail in English exams


ANSWERS


1 NOUNS


Exercise 1 a


3 common 4 proper 5 proper 6 Common 7 common


8 proper 9 Common 10 Proper 11 Common 12 Proper


Exercise 1 b


3 concrete 4 abstract 5 concrete 6 abstract 7 concrete


8 concrete 9 countable 10 concrete 11 abstract 12 Abstract


Exercise 1 c


3 uncountable 4 Countable 5 Countable 6 Uncountable 7 Uncountable


8 countable 9 Countable 10 Countable 11 Countable 12 Countable


Exercise 1 d


2 fire  countable  single occurrence of fire


uncountable  general word for combustion


glass  countable drinking vessel made of glass


uncountable  a brittle material made from soda ash


Work  countable  piece of literacy artistic or music composition


uncountable  effort for a purpose


Youth  countable  a young man


uncountable  age or period of being young


Room  countable  a part of a house enclosed by walls


uncountable  space


7 Iron  countable  an apparatus for smoothing clothes


uncountable  metal extracted from the earth


8 Paper  countable  a newspaper or article


uncountable  a material made from the body


9 Hair  countable  one strand growing from wood


uncountable  all the strands


10 Fag  countable  cigarette


Uncountable  tedious and tiring job


Enterprise  countable  project or undertaking


uncountable  participation in projects or business activity


Exercise 1 e


No 2 Piece 3 Speck 4 Grain 5 Piece 6 Piece 7 Plot


8 bar 9 Sliceloaf 10 Pintgrain 11 Item


Exercise 1 f


2 ox 9 Trousers 16 Women agents


Radii 10 dynamos 17 Husbandinwaiting


Mobs 11 Spouses 18 fish


Termini 12 Loaves 19 teeth


Pliers 13 Potato 20 woman


Sheep 14 Lice 21 calves


brothersinlaw 15 mouse


Exercise 1 g


the the 6 the 11 the 16 the


the the 7 a the 12 a 17 the


a the 8 a a 13 a 18 a


the   9 the 14 the 19 athe


a 10the 15 a 20 the


Exercise 1 h


2 pack 3 flock 4 swarm 5 school 6 brood


7 colony 8 flock 9 swarm 10 herd 11 team


Exercise 1 i


2 milk chocolate 6 A football club scandal 10 Sunday issue


factory inspector 7 A road accident 11 Examination results


the dining room carpet 8 A horse race


a two part question 9 Phone card


Exercise 1 j


a bedroom  a room where people sleep


bed room  a room where beds are stored or space occupied by a bed


a horse race  a race on a horse


race horse  a horse used in racing


a card phone  a telephone machine which uses cards


phone card  a card used to telephone someone


a garden vegetables  vegetables grown on a garden


vegetable garden  a plot of land where vegetables are grown


a table tennis  a game of tennis on a table


tennis table  the table where the game of table tennis is played


Exercise 1k


the schools new principal 11 sisters  in laws houses


the childs toy 12 brothers in laws house


Jesus cross 13 form ones dormitory


James books Jamess books 14 two hours drive


Mikes car 15 tomorrows meeting


yesterdays newspaper 16 womens dress


boys dormitory 17 a birds nest


teachers quarters 18 a stones throw


the girls room 19 a young mans trousers


the girls room 20 a teachers desk


Exercise 1l


liability 12 honesty


validity 13 ease


humidity 14 keenness


amazement 15 kindness


stealth 16 laziness


width 17 activity


strength 18 humility


goodness 19 productivity


triviality 20 determination


gullibility 21 Realization


Exercise 1 M


animal management


house help


people  human beings  humanity


people


artificial


Exercise 1n


the form ones  subject


all sorts of animals  object


HIV  subject


a threat to humanity  compliment


the thief  subject


what he deserved  object


Mikuini students  subject


Amina  subject


a dress  direct object


the street girl  indirect object


The thief  subject


What he deserved  object


The boys  subject


All sorts of wild fruits  object


Girls  subject


Tee shirts  object


8 A mischievous brat  subject


The fire  object


The new government  subject


Private investors  object


The selfish politicians  subject


a pay rise  object


EXERCISE ON PRONOUNS


Exercise 2a


I 6 them 11 Its 16 I


me 7 they 12 him 17 me


we 8 them 13 hes 18 me


they 9 her 14 they 19 you I


theirs 10 you 15 me 20 Them


Exercise 2b


its 7 hers


their 8 yours


theirs 9 its


ours 10 yours


mine 11 Yours


Exercise 2c


1 d 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 D


Exercise 2 d


1 a All the boys sneaked from school and they were punished


Some  several boys sneaked from school and were punished


2 a I have many brothers and one of them is a lawyer


I have one brother and he is a lawyer


3 a All the girls jeered at the new teacher and they were reprimanded


Some girls jeered at the new teacher and these are the ones who were reprimanded


4 a I saw the boy yesterday and he is unwell He is known to the speaker


The only boy that I saw yesterday is unwell I did not see other boys


5 a There were many Isuzu cars and one particular one which had an extra large


engine won the race


There was only one Isuzu car it had an extra large engine and it won the race


Exercise 2 e


The car that  which I bought last month has a break down


Jane is my sister who is pursuing further studies in Britain


The cook who came late was drunk


The two girls who disagreed over the correct answer were doing an English exercise


Many people who voted cast their ballots for president Kibaki


We ate all the fruits that  which were kept in the cupboard


The water tank that  which was bought last year is leaking


The dictionary that  which I was using yesterday is lost


The policeman who searched the building were looking for stolen property


The girls who swept the dormitory also swept the classroom


Exercise 2f


a The items represented by the pronoun these are very close to the speaker


The items are farther away from the speaker


2 a The speaker is either holding or very close to the item that he possesses


The speaker is at a distance from the item he refers to


3 a The essay is very close to the speaker


The speaker is referring to an essay which is far away from him


4 a The speaker is holding the papers or books with incorrect answers


The speaker is farther away from the books  papers with incorrect answers


5 a The speaker is very close to the men


The speaker is far away from the man


1 who 2 Whom 3 What 4 What 5 Whom


3 VERBS


Exercise 3 a


Began 11 shot


Begun 12 shouted


Chosen 13 written


was  is 14 led


have  had arrested 15 burst


went been stolen 16 Sang sung


gone 17 shrank


lain 18 sought


lent 19 grown


broadcast  broadcasted 20 Knew


Exercise 3b


a They see the man every day


They will have been seeing the man every day


a He is crying like a small baby


He has cried like a small baby


He has been crying like a small baby


He had been crying like a small bay


He was crying like a small baby


He had cried like a small baby


a Hard working students perform well


Hard working students will perform well


Hard working students have performed well


4 a No one had known him


No one will have known him


No one knew him


5 a The prisoners will have been being spanked


The prisoners had been being spanked


The prisoners shall  will be spanked


The prisoners are being spanked


6 a I didnt entertain nonsense


I will not have to entertain nonsense


I did not have to entertain nonsense


I will not have to be entertaining nonsense


Exercise 3 c


I cannot speak French


i Jim is allowed to come tomorrow


Jim is capable  has time to come tomorrow


couldnt


cant


must


Jane might be in her office  Jane could be in her office


Couldnt have seen me


Neednt


a  It was a routine to walk for ten Kilometers


b  It was obligatory to walk for ten Kilometers


i We put fish in cans


We have the ability  or permission to fish


Exercise 3d


did they 11 had they


havent they 12 dont they


mustnt we 13 was it


shall we 14 shall you


arent they 15 has he


didnt he 16 heed we


did they 17 were they


need we 18 am I not


oughtnt they 19 mustnt they


didnt they 20 does she


Exercise 3e


3 intransitive 8 transitive


intransitive 9 intransitive


transitive 10 transitive


transitive 11 intransitive


transitive 12 transitive


Exercise 3 F


went off 11 threw the job up


jumped 12 work out


left out 13 settled up


knocked 14 go through


made for 15 did away with


pull through 16 do up


ring up 17 bears out


put out 18 backed away


put in for 19 brought forth


talking over 20 left out from


Exercise 3g


sacked 11 Come to an agreement


confused 12 Hes idle


Punish him severely 13 Amused  very pleased


energetic  Vivacious 14 Enjoy boisterous time in bars night club


slandering 15 May it never happen


making a bad situation worse 16 Absenting themselves from school


makes it more important 17 He is cowardly


on the spot 18 Get into something that seems harmless but


do nothing but with serious consequences in future


is accustomed 19 Returned to her original conditionbackslidden


20 She has a strong insensitivity to attack


Exercise 3h


He is eating


Floating wreckage


I want a map showing the rivers of East Africa


He had me tilling the farm for a week


He told me to work hard reminding me that only those who worked hard performed well


She told them to run faster adding that winners would be rewarded


i  I witnessed the action It is complete


ii  I saw him just sometime ago The action may be going on


I saw him walking out of class


I am going shopping this afternoon


He walked away whistling


Closing the door he lay on the bed


13 i he ate his lunch then rushed out of the hall


ii he ate his lunch as he rushed out of the hall


The police fired shooting a suspect


Knowing she was weak in Mathematics she did more practice


Having been a prefect for two years he felt humiliated after the demotion


i The learners were bored perhaps by the teacher


ii The learners were causing boredom


Having been advised to be cautious he survived the tragedy


I was waiting for my car to be repaired when a street boy came to me


He repairs leaking pipes


EXERCISES ON ADJECTIVES


Positive Comparative Superative


good better best


neat neater neatest


little less least


small smaller smallest


hospitable more hospitable most hospitable


lucky luckier luckiest


far farther farthest


far further furthest


old elder eldest


old older oldest


obscure more obscure most obscure


pretty prettier prettiest


bad worse worst


sound more sound most sound


lazy lazier laziest


amazing more amazing most amazing


holy holier holiest


productive more productive most productive


productive less productive least productive


quick quicker quickest


Exercise 4 b


a taller than


b as tall


c not as short


d  the tallest


e  the taller


f  the shortest of


a as tall as


b taller shorter than the other


c as short as


d as tall as


a hotter and hotter  warmer and warmer


b colder


c hotter  warmer


d the hotter  warmer


faster


Exercise 4 C


a the farmer was small in size


he was a peasant farmer  did small scale farming


He bought a big old yellow plastic barrel


It was a large yellow Kenyan made bucket


a She is a beautiful and decent girl


b She is a very decent girl


5 d 6 a 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 A


ADVERBS


Exercise 5a


a The decision to leave school was made secretly


They left the school in a secretive manner


it was foolish of me to forget to carry my ID


Never has he been to Nairobi


a Has he ever gone to Nairobi the speaker is making an inquiry


The speaker is surprised that he  someone has never gone to Nairobi


c


He scarcely smokes


It is ever late


a  earliest


b  later than


b  later


a He is very hard working


He never works Hes very idle


Exercise 5b


Loudly 6 Upwards 11 fatherly


Quickly 7 Clockwise 12 truthfully


Lazily 8 Humorously 13 manly


Lovely 9 Quietly 14 shortly


Downwards 10 Decently 15 Briefly


PREPOSITIONS


In 6 since


on 7 for


for 8 at


9 for


in 10 In


Exercise 6b


to 6 to for 11 about 16 on


from 7 to 12 for 17 for


down 8 with 13 into 18 at


up 9 in 14 from 19 of


of 10 for 15 down 20 Of


Exercise 6 c


on 6 in 11 in 16 about


into 7 in 12 to 17 to


over 8 of  at 13 of 18 since


with 9 for 14 in 19 for  from


with  on 10 in 15 over 20 Into


Exercise 6 d


besides


between


behind


from


at


Exercise 6e


at 6 to  for 11 in 16 for  at


of 7 of 12 to  for 17 at


of 8 to 13 of 18 of


of 9 on 14 of 19 to


in 10 for  about 15 to 20 at


Exercise 6f


of 6 of 11 to 16 for at


for 7 about 12 from 17 at


to 8 with 13 on 18 of


to 9 of 14 of 19 to


to 10 with 15 of 20 to


Exercise 6 g


a We were not late


b We arrived at the dot of the set time


a He quarreled us loudly and angrily


He called us from far


a He cast a glance on me


b He took care of me


a You were kind


It pronoun did something kind to you


a They hurled stones to hit him


They threw stones so that he could receive them


a Would you wish to have a cup of coffee


Would you supervising the cup of coffee eg from being spilt by a child


a He was caring for his younger brother


His younger brother was lost and he was searching for him


a He dreamt while asleep  and in the dream he was building a mansion


He planned for building a mansion in future


a We had forgotten that there would be a meeting


We were reminded on the deliberations of a previous meeting


a I did not hear people talk about his welfare


He did not communicate to me


7 CONJUCTIONS


Exercise 7a


but


neither


so  therefore


and


Exercise 7b


Besides


However


Despite performing poorly he got the job


We ate all the food despite its horrible taste


We walked on inspite of the danger


Despite her inexperience she works very well


She did it because she was angry


Neither Mutua nor John has eaten the fruits


Either Kioko or Oduor has eaten the food


Not only is she arrogant but shes also lazy


PHRASES CLAUSES AND SENTENCES


Exercise 8a


Adverbial phrase of time


Noun phrase  subject of the sentence


Adverbial phrase of place


a Noun phrase  object of the sentence


adverbial phrase of place


Noun phrase  acting as a subject


Noun phrase  object of the sentence


a Adverbial phrase of place


EXERCISE 8b


They worship in the morning


S A


I bought her a new dress


S IO DO


Who saw him


S DO


Many students join bad peer groups


The boys have finally washed their blankets


No one came home


They found her body dumped into the river


S DO A


See what she has done


O


Alex threw it under his bed


S O A


She is very humble


S C


Exercise 8c


No one saw him


Did he come by bus  what did he come by


Neither Sifuna nor Wekesa saw the suspect


They did not find any book in class


No they didnt


Exercise 8d


All sorts of students are admitted by the school


Our clothes will have been being washed by them


She was seen by him


She has been invited to the party by us


A present was given to the best student by the headmaster


Let it be kept inside the box


Indiscipline was singled out as the cause of poor academic performance in the district


Silence is to be maintained


The girls were allowed to go home


My shoes had been cleaned and my shirt ironed


She was being questioned when the mother arrived


I saw the animal shot


I was reminded to wait patiently


Fish is found in water


We havent been told by anyone to go home


By whom was it seen


All the major roads will be tarmacked by the local council


All your clothes must be washed


I should not be troubled  let me not be troubled


Where was it kept


Exercise 8e


Unless he comes he will be punished


a We are likely to get a bicycle from him


We regret that he did not have a bicycle


But for my sister I would have dropped out of school


a I should not be visited when there is need


b I should be visited when there is need and not any other time


If you dont work hard you will be disappointed


a Because youve completed your duty there is no permission for going home


those who complete duties dont go home


Those who complete their duties go but you mustnt inspite of the fact that youve completed


a The person is being advised to see the doctor because he may be unwell


The person is being advised to consult the doctor incase he becomes sick in future


What if the man doesnt come


If we wont get back by eight the gate will be locked


But for the bank loan Id have run out of business


Exercise 8 f


He told her to keep it in the box


He said he was going to buy a bicycle the following week


The robbers commanded us to lie down


The girl said that they had been ordered to go home then


The teacher told her that she would see her two days after


The policeman said that they had to go then


She said that that book was Kiokos and that she left hers in the library


He asked his mother whether she knew where Judith came from


Romeo asked her whether she loved him


The robbers said that no one would suspect them


Exercise 8g


In no circumstance does he accept bribes


No sooner had they walked out of the building than the bomb went off


Hardly had we arrived when we were ordered to go back home


Never have they seen her


In no other member of the family can such hospitality be found


Seldom does she use her mother tongue


Only by perseverance did the snail reach the ark


No where in this district can one find gold


Never did he ask questions in class


Rarely does she go to the movies


On no account must this book be borrowed


We must neither giver nor accept bribes


Hardly had she walked out of the hall when someone shouted at her to go back


She never ever listens to good advise


I never ever see him


No where in the Bible is it written that God helps those who help themselves


They ever go for practice


He hardly ever goes to see her


Are poems written by them


They write poems  they do write poems


Exercise 8 h


however


to begin with


furthermore


in fact


consequently


PART TWO INTERGRATED EXERCISES


EXERCISE 1


Its no use pretending you dont know what I need


He bellowed at him not to talk to him like that


The taking of marijuana has been banned in many countries


John had had his leg broken by a log in his early teens


Tea is kept in a thermos flask by them


1 Plumber


2 astronauts


3 broker


4 appetite


5 archery


1 Acquired


2 assembled


3 harmful


4 exhumed


5 beautiful


1 Only by working hard can you pass in the exams


On no account should you talk to your mother like that


So damaged the car was that it was beyond repair


Scarcely do they visit her


What a beautiful watch this is


EXERCISE 2


1 Humiliate


2 injurious


3 lain


4 intensified


5 borne


1 Proud


2 energetic  vivacious


3 gloomy  depressed


4 surrender


5 boastful


1 cropped up


2 turned down


3 picked her up


4 shouted at


5 Give in


1 I prefer Physics to Chemistry


Id rather be healthy than wealthy


So slippery the road was that we couldnt get home in time


He was too short to reach it


Has


EXERCISE 3


1 He I


him


you I


I


1 Did they


Isnt it


Isnt he


Do they


Can you


1 The lesser the sick man ate the weaker he became


So upset were they that they could hardly speak


Victims


Repatriated


Will you go away


i at


ii in


iii of


ivon


v on


EXERCISE 4


1 If Juma would read books he wouldnt be poor at spelling


If he had paid the rent he would not have been evicted


If they had matches they would light a fire


If our team had had time to practise they wouldnt have lost


If you get home before I do dont wait up for me


1 Put across


put off


put down


put on


1 There was hardly any water in the cars radiator


Children are not politer than they used to be


Jane was accused of having stolen Jeronos bag


He denied knowing that she was overworked


Mary said that she could not stand rice even if it was cooked very well


d 1 donors 2 modernized 3 Famous 4 Inexpensively 5 mobility


EXERCISE 5


1 Yes I do  No I dont


Yes we must  No we mustnt


Yes he did  No he didnt


Yes it is  No it isnt


Yes I have  No I havent


b 1 Anymore 2 Yet still 3 Still already 4 Anymore already


c i enraged ii malicious iii Zeal iv envious v hopeful


1 He prefers paying the fine to being imprisoned


John told her that he would be travelling the next day


No other member of the team deserves more praise than the captain


At no point in his speech did the headmaster make such a statement


To


EXERCISE SIX


a 1 worked up 2 come to 3 saw through 4 pulled up 5 gave in


b 1 didnt he 2 am I not 3 Isnt she 4 will you 5 are they


1a Are you the one who made the table


Did you make the table for your own use


2 That he won a gold medal is amazing


3 Never before have we had such heavy rains at this time of the year


4 Havent you any other grey car in stock


5He is greatly admired because of his generosity


i is working ii worked iii would have been


iv were held v was


EXERCISE 7


a 1 he is 2 mine 3 ours 4 me 5 I


b 1 about 2 on 3at 4 in 5 Into


c 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 d 5 C


1 Unless I am invited I will not go to Tinas party which takes place this evening


He told the class to put themselves in the place of the man whom Judith deliberately infected with HIV


Nganga says coffee is better than tea


Subsequent to a new headmistresss appointment results began to improve


He was not granted permission to leave school earlier


EXERCISE 8


a 1 accompaniment 2 Advantageous 3 Preference


4 occurrence 5 Humorous


To show our simple play we come in unkindness


We do not come to make you happy


And to give delight we are not here


To make you sad here are the actors


c 1 advise 2 devise 3 principle 4 stationery 5 Course


d 1 for 2 as 3 from 4 off 5 of


EXERCISE 9


1 So well did the players play that each was rewarded with a trophy


Catherine is a brown cheerful nineteen year old university student


President Kibakis speech was a great inspiration to me


She asked her mother if she thought it would rain that day


Video programs are better than radio programs


b 1 Liability 2 Fury 3 Breadth 4 Better 5 Horrible


1 Present perfect tense


Past perfect tense


Simple present tense


Simple past tense


Present continuous tense


d 1 so 2 to 3 a white 4 much 5 Few


EXERCISE 10


1 It has been romoured that you will not be there


Why he missed attending the meeting is a mystery


Hardly had we gone into the house when the rain started


I hurt myself when playing


No one likes to fail in exams


1 All the classrooms were swept by the students


Although the man was wealthy he would not share his wealth with his children


Hassan neither complained nor reported to the police


Not once did she come late to school last year


Ruth told Njeri that their journey would start the following day


c 1 Looks down upon 2 Put up with 3 Takes after


4 took off 5 Put off


1 I was there


He hung his shirt in the sun


John wore black trousers


The building had its roof blown away


My family has stayed here since 1990


EXERCISE 11


a 1 rob 2 prevented 3 lie 4 lain 5 getting


b verb Noun Adjective Adverb


beautiful beauty beautiful beautifully


to hope hope hopeful hopefully


to be happy happiness happy happily


to fear fear fearful fearfully


to doubt doubt doubting doubtfully


c 1 Neither Tom nor Frank can go


He seemed unable to get out of the habit


We havent any bananas left


Any


1 It was done yesterday


The books are never looked into


It was lost


I was asked who I was


It has been kept secretly


EXERCISE 12


1 a He was asleep


He lay on the bed


a I have many brothers and one of them is a doctor


I have only one brother and he is a doctor


a Compared to Njoroge he is faster


Compared to many other including Njoroge he is faster


a He was either around or inside the building


He was inside a room in the building


5 a There were only two members of the family


There were more than two members of the family


1 He sang


He had sung


He has sung


He will sing


He had been singing


1 Charless


headteachers


childrens game


My fathers farm


The teachers quarters


1 The book was brought


Kimani was quarreled over the lost book


They were promised a reward


Several bridges are being constructed over most rivers in Machakos


The school was closed indefinitely


EXERCISE 13


1 Europeans out live Asians


Misreported


A tarmac road is very beneficial to the local farmers


They went on with their hostility to us


These are my brothers backpacks


1 I cannot wait any longer I said I have to catch the ten oclock bus


Stand up and leave the room He ordered


If it were not for your help I wouldnt have managed to entertain such a large group Mary replied


Why havent you visited us They asked us


I am so excited that I dont know what to do next Tina exclaimed


c 1 Anxiously 2 Desperation 3 Get on 4 Made away


5 fell out


EXERCISE 14


a 1 any 2 any 3 some 4 some 5 any


b 1 higher 2 The sweetest 3 wettest 4 cleaner 5 most unusual


c 1 a few 2 little 3 few 4 a little 5 a few


d1 We will have been going to Nairobi


We were going to Nairobi


We will have gone to Nairobi


We had been going to Nairobi


We went to Nairobi


EXERCISE 15


1 Having finished his work early Moses went to bed at seven


Unless the team is in time for the match it will be disqualified


Inspite of Josephines absence from school for a whole term she passed her exams


I prefer rice to Ugali


Our lives have been messed up by those unkind men


b 1 c 2 b 3 d 4 d 5 b


c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 B


1 i Lucys dog was given biscuits


ii Lucy gave her dog biscuitsShe was given dog food by Lucy


i She was given horse feathers


iiHer horse was given feathers


i He sent love letters to her


He picked her love letters and sent them elsewhere


i She was given duck eggs to eat


iiHer duck was given eggs to feed on


i I bought fruit juice and gave it to her


iiI bought from her she was selling fruit juice


EXERCISE 16


1 a I wished to speak to many people but I spoke to only one Juma


I wasnt supposed to speak to anyone but I spoke to one Juma


a both meat and fish are eaten


The two people eat meat and fish


a Judith made a dress for her own use


Judith made the dress she and not anyone else


a Mike stopped doing something and smoked


Mike dropped the habit of smoking


a We targeted the spoon and knocked it with something


We warmed the spoon


b 1 Impossibility 2 Reliable 3 Impartiality 4 Questionable


5 assumption


c 1 He increased the speed of his car by pressing the accelerator hard


Theres a likelihood of the girls being late for school


Our books could not be found


This is quite an attractive piece of art


Her car is faster than his


1 cue


flour


mane


die


read simple present


EXERCISE 17


1 She likes working so do I


Opening the door she greeted me with a smile


A friend of mine has an elegant watch


She had to go immediately


How dare he smoke cigarettes in school


1 a He was faster than me so I could not overtake him


His aim of running fast was to avoid being overtaken


a Only one person was employed This person does the duties of a librarian and a store keeper


The school employed two people One is a librarian and the other is a store keeper


3 a We were looking for a room which is empty and we found it


We expected to find something in the room but it was empty


4 a We stood or stopped doing something to talk


We became quite


5 a I am sorry for alleging that he was a thief


It is unfortunate that he was a thief


1 The minister joked that he had never understood the concept of filling one


page with just one signature


She observed that almost five million people in the horn of Africa were facing critical food supply problems


The principal reminded the boys that bullying had been prohibited in all schools


The jailer asked Paul what he had to do to be saved


The head mistress announced that they were having visitors from Uganda the following week


d i and ii about iii or iv of v though


vi under vii in viii include ix of x either


EXERCISE 18


1 He became too sick to stand


There is a possibility that he had taken cover


I am annoyed by his remarks


She has torn her dress


If someone doesnt pay the bill hell be arrested


b 1 manysome 2 any 3 much 4 any 5 much


c 1 inefficient 2 illiteracy 3 indisciplined 4 impossible 5 indecent


d 1 laid 2 lay 3 lain 4 Lied 5 Lay


EXERCISE 19


1 She needs looking after


The students complained of much heat in the dorm


We are waiting for the principals speech


That was a surprise to us


How come that she defeated me


1 She bought a black and white TV


Of the two girls Agnes is less interested


Its mine


Please repeat it


He does it anyhow


1 They watched television


They had been watching television


They have watched television


They are watching television


They will have been watching television


1 The car will have been being driven


Logs were lain at the shed


A report on Devil worship in secular music was compiled


By whom was the book written


The effort of hardworking teachers is not recognized


EXERCISE 20


1 It was unnecessary to go


The bag was so heavy that it couldnt be carried


He insists on going


Pilgrimage


He was cleverer than any other boy in school


1 a My brother is already in Britain


My brother at one time went to Britain


a The money was given as a payment


The money was given a reward after helping the speaker


a He said whatever he did deliberately to annoy us


What he said annoyed us but it may not have been intended to do so


a He is a fair man


He is a human being just a mortal


a Jane is regarded more senior to me due to age


b Jane is older than me in age


1 i He greeted the girl who had a painful hand


ii He greeted the girl by extending his painful hand to her


i A cockroach was watching TV and it scurried across the cabinet


ii I was watching the TV when a cockroach scurried across the cabinet


i They people place eggs on the floor


iiThey chicken lay eggs on the floor


i The job of cleaning machines can be expensive costly


ii Buying a washing machine is costly


i A rat was eating my food then it ran out of the kitchen


ii I was eating my food when I saw a rat running out of the kitchen


1 Didnt they


Wasnt it


Arent they


Isnt it


Will they