780122 ÷ 42 
We want to figure out the number of times 780122 can be divided by 42.

Advancing to step 1:
42 goes into 7 0 times with a remainder of 7.
The number 0 becomes the next digit in our result. 
Result so far: 0.0
If we subtract 0 from 7, we get 7.
Grab the next digit (8) from the dividend, add it to 7, then carry on: 78 / 42

Step 2:
If we divide 78 by 42, we get 1 and a remainder of 36.
Write down 1 as next digit of the result. 
Result so far: 1.0
If we take 42 away from 78, we end up with 36.
Take the next digit (0) from the dividend and append it to 36, then repeat: 360 / 42

On to step 3:
42 goes into 360 8 times with a remainder of 24.
Use 8 as the next digit of our solution. 
Result so far: 18.0
If we subtract 336 from 360, we get 24.
Fetch the next digit (1) from the dividend, attach it to 24 and continue: 241 / 42

Advancing to step 4:
241 divided by 42 is 5 with a remainder of 31.
Write down 5 as next digit of the result. 
Result so far: 185.0
Deduct 210 from 241 and we're left with 31.
Fetch the next digit (2) from the dividend, attach it to 31 and continue: 312 / 42

Let's proceed to step 5:
When dividing 312 by 42, we get 7 with a remainder of 18.
The number 7 becomes the next digit in our result. 
Result so far: 1857.0
Deduct 294 from 312 and we're left with 18.
Fetch the next digit (2) from the dividend, attach it to 18 and continue: 182 / 42

Advancing to step 6:
182 divided by 42 is 4 with a remainder of 14.
Use 4 as the next digit of our solution. 
Result so far: 18574.0
If we subtract 168 from 182, we get 14.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 140, and continue the process.

Advancing to step 7:
140 divided by 42 is 3 with a remainder of 14.
The number 3 becomes the next digit in our result. 
Result so far: 18574.3
If we subtract 126 from 140, we get 14.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 140, and continue the process.

Advancing to step 8:
The number 42 fits into 140 3 times, leaving a remainder of 14.
Use 3 as the next digit of our solution. 
Result so far: 18574.33
If we subtract 126 from 140, we get 14.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 140, and continue the process.

The quotient of the division is 18574.33, and the remainder is 0.014.